ML102930631

Email - Subject: Mactec Petrographic Report

ML102930631
Person / Time
Site:	Crystal River
Issue date:	11/13/2009
From:	George Thomas Office of New Reactors
To:	Naus D Oak Ridge
References
FOIA/PA-2010-0116
Download: ML102930631 (46)

Text

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Masters. Anthony From: Thomas, George Sent: Friday, November 13, 2009 2:16 PM To: nausdj @ornl.gov Cc: Farzam, Farhad; Lake, Louis; Carrion, Robert; Masters, Anthony

Subject:

MacTec Petrographic Report Attachments: MacTec Petro Report 11-11 -09.pdf Categories: Perform Review

Dan, Attached for you is the MacTech petrographic report.

Thanks.

George 1.

MACTEC engineering and constructing a better tomorrow November 1 1 2009 Mr. Craig Miller Progress Energy (352) 795-6486 ex 1026 Craig.niiller@pgnmail.com Sibiucct: Report of Petrographic Observations Crystal River Containment Wall Steam Generator Replacement Project Crystal River Nuclear Generating Facility, Florida MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 Dear Mr.

MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. (MACTEC) is pleased, to present this report of our petrographic observations performed on two concrete cores that were shipped to our laboratory under chain of custody. An additional core was received under chain of custody for limited observations. It is our understanding the two cores submitted for petrographic observations are from an area of the containment wall where a fracture was discovered running parallel to the surface at a depth of approximately 8 to 9 inches. We understand the core that was submitted for limited observations was from an area where the subject fracture had not occurred.

The cores submitted are as follows:

Core Number Laboratory Number Description of the Core Assigned by

', MACTEC _

5.  ! 21269 From an area where the fracture had occurred 2 12270 From an area where the fracture had not occurred

... 7 21271 . ... From an area where the fracture had occurred Each core was photo documented as received and then saw cut longitudinally into halves. Each half was labeled with the same sample number and than A and B were added to designate the halves. As requested the B half for cores 21269 and 21270 were shipped to CTL Group in Skokie Illinois. The B half of core 21271 is being held for possible future use. The A half's of thecores were used for our analysis.

The purpose of our work was to perform a petrographic analysis of samples 21269A and 21271A and limited observations of sample 21270A. It is our understanding that you also require specific information MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc.

9177 Sky Park Court, San Diego, CA 92123 - Phone: 858-278-3600 - Fax: 858-278-5300 www.mactec.coM

,j Ft., iaaitve uo thc g, of thie f'i ', -11 sý Irac,ý on a , ie2 .269 A a ýýl2 1 -7IA. S rp:  :,G &,,-*,

's Zi-. sample tul did not have ftractured surfrace, Petroearchiic Obse~rvau tios A Petrograph ic Analysis is a visual and micro'scopic analysis of ce;,e;tittlus inaterals.pef med by a qualified petrographer. Petrographic examinations are. typicaliy ,performed on roiished sections. or thin

scctnns. 'Polished sections are enerlly cut sections that have te.eeii hippek(around flat and snooth) and polished and are observed using reflected polarized light r.ici-oscones at maitroftations of uin to 80X.

Thin sections are samples mounted to glass slides and ground to specific thicknesses.(generaily20, 30. or 40 microns depending on the application) and observed using transmitted polarized light microscopes at magnifications of up to 600X.

A petrographic evaluation may be performed to identify and describe a. specific item of interest such as the presence or extent of distress in concrete, or to provide a general characterization and measure -f quality of the materials hring evaluated. The petrographic evaluation of concrete examines the

-,,s.uent.s of the concrete including coarsc a embedded fine een-d aggregates, items,

• 5C, ann air v'oid ,ctmucre, The examination identifies craclin: aresent in tht concrete, indieatý-,s o[

corr'~sion ecteai of damrnae from uxteral sources. argr,,eate reýact Oii c amiccd atteck, fate attack.

thaw cracking, acid attack, and oiher nmecha nikns of deterioration. The pertromr H, xa toro a aiso est maie :he: water to cemet ratio. took for iadication<' oi mineýra: ad ,: wd'nlia led i-c.r:en pCor!U'**..."sa

ti inc paste, loo~k ger indloa~ions, of bleed water aid excess aorosirv intrw@ roiccr.e ,ook

• or n:*die: , o~f co.nr pr>cedtfres nedind neao<s of om:r:sh:ae, ercTr n a . 2: 9rescat anal ti-ereoa:dii~oin e n~hin the coren<::e wvhich m:"ielt giive ir for.ti. >rl on dv t'vŽ c

ý1~ ~artiil~zl-

J* -a{2 oins ituctnz cost ita:  ::i~irterial.

maeria. kcre.goie~

7 . f......

. inerology, rock typrw. "n r-nri re<?>retr

.ideifi:ed when thin sections are vI- ' d under a transmitted polarized light miqro:opc.

TEST RESULTS AND )BSERYVAT1ONS PETRIO;RAPHIC O3SERVATIONS The petrographic analysis was performed in general accordance with the applicabk sections of ASTNl C S56-04 Standard Practice for Petrographie Examination of Hardened Concre.ie. The results of our petrographic analysis are on the aitached sheets, Summary of Petrogr::phic Observations of Hardened Concrete. Photoz,,phs From our examination are attached. A summary olf our observations and discussion are. is o*llows.

2

C,.v'yt':a: iv1:UA3/4CW I I r*, , F:1 ,WQo The coarse agrrgate generally c-onssted of a naural carbonate crnase~d wih

ŽCtmk a rnmi.ium sihe of 3/4 inch. £he rocks tines observed included himestona, fos iliferotts him,:o... .. no a tew artcies. o coert and/or limestone and chert. The pa,.iclas wereceneraliy angular ý-, c-nlb-rounded in shape and fairly evenly distributed; The coarse aggregarwe appeared to comprise approximateiy 50% of the t;otal a.gregale quantity with bhe remaining fraction being fine aggregate.

On sample 21271, there were 4 coarse aggregate pieces on the cut surface of the core that retained moisture (and moisture in the surrounding paste) longer than other portions of the sample. These pieces are shown in Photographs 5, 6, 7, and 8. One of the pieces (Photograph 5 for core 2127 1) had a darkened rim. A thin section was prepared from the piece in photograph 7 and this piece contained microcrystalline quatiz and radial silica and exhibited localized evidence of alkali sihca reaction.

The fine aggregate was observed to be a natural siliceous sand consisting mostly of quartz. The particles w-,ere ,ner.ily sih-angular to ýub-rortnded in shape and fairly evenly distributed, The canmert pame was ' A iight N:ogray Reference colors from The -aobzteat S cietg of Arnerici ock-,Covor Chart, i T19 e pnT- e-appeared moderaely hard and not e*i , scratched wNih a harctened sceel pointr The concre a.tearod 'o have becn placcd at a motieraefr a. water co cement ratt, possibly n the rane of U.4 -o 0.5. indcxaion of placcment at a hfr-h water to cemeent macto such as significant. bleed channels and vater *a*, voids werenot obterved.

irVidods d tek The concreote appeared to be air cntrained and had a total air content estimated to he ,around 2 to:, 3%. T'Fh voids were generally small and spherical, Some air void clustering was observed around a few co.'arse aggregate particle,. The air void distbrition was moderately un-even and some small areas lacked air enrainment There was limited mineral growth observed in some of the air voids. Calcium hydroxide was observed lining some air -voids.

3

SPECIFIC OBSERVATR'ONS O i"E FkdCTURFID SURFACE N SAp s 20269A AMn) 21 27 IA U',bserva~i~g.Lr .,aw/?,,,*re( s.'::e y,n .l 2 1269A o TIe cdge of the fr etorer surface, had sharp distinct edges.

0 Generaly the coarse aggregate (predominateiy limestone) fractured as o lo being puHed tposed out of the cemant paste matrix.

o The finhe a . (*g.atc edoziinately quartz) generally was oul!Ced out of the cemeat ,.'Iste uithneah it appeared that a few pieces of the quartz did fracture.

The paste portion of the fractured surface did not 'npecar carbona-ted and produced a pink color when phenolphthaiein was applied.

Some of the air voids*. that, were exposed on The fractured surface had some mineral grown in them. We did not observe the mineral growth on the fractured surface around these subject voids; Pieces of this sample wore purposely fractured in our laboratory and the purposely fractured surfaces had similar observations to the submitted fractured surface.

There was a white colored deposit orn a few areas of the fractured surface. The deposit wais easily Icratched off and contained desiccation cracking. Based on our observations ef immnersion mounts viewmed under a perrographic microscope the deposit appeared to contain %ery Fine material sed small s-rP, angular pieces of quartz. These observations are consistent with what we wouud excect frac~ore drillino slurry.

~ The edgc. of the trccrre urf

-. had

ý-esharp distinct dge.

o* Get erly -'e.corse ag.regate. (predominateiv timest.nei .ra.turee a*.nppos d to being pulled

• out c~f te c~em~ee 7acstemc rx o The fine gregc, e (predominatelv quartz) generally was Dulled out of the cernra pahie although ii appea'ed diat , rwv pieces of the quartz did fracture.

The, past. ceticon of the fractured surface did not appear carbonated and produced a pink color hoen rhe-oihihalin was app1 ed,

• aome of the air veds that wer*e exposed on the fractured surface had some mineral grown in

~eet. We ":id ant ,observe .he mineral growth on the fractured surtace around these subj-ect voids.

Pic :Cs of this sammts were purposely fractured in our laboratory and the purposely fractured surfices had similar observations to the submitted fractured surface.

MFTHODOLOGIMS TO EVALUATE THE RELATIVE AGE OF CONCRETE CRACKS Several articles have been written about dating cracks by measuring carbonation, Carbonation is a reaction that takes place between hydroxides in the cement paste and carbonic acid. The carbonic acid react with the alkaline cc.-mponents (the hydroxides) in the cement paste and neutralizes them. The carbonic acid can be derived from the dissolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO..) in the concrete 4

pore "ater. Generally. the longer,h*e concrete is expo.ad to the at ros*phere the ,r megr-- the -ctph oi' c'arbonation.

In Adam Nevilie's aNicle. Can We Determine the Age of Cracks by Measuring Carbcmation2, Mr. Neviiie states in his conclusions that -dn the basis of carbonation measurements and of direct ubservazpn, it is often possible to say that a crack is oAd. but it is not possible to say that it is ne'vw". Mr. Neville also states "if very lttle carbonation has taken place, then this can he due to one of [wo reasons: either the crack is new or the conditions of exposure were such that carbonation could not proceed."

in the article, Carbonation as an Indicator of Crack Age by Dipayan Jana and Bernard E&iti the authors s:ate that " .. carbonation can, at best be used as a qualitative measure of crack age. in most cases, however, determining the age of a crack by measuring the depth of carbonation along its walls is highly unreiiable.." The authors present somnt attermative crack age indicators as follows:

2 Cracks spanned by kridgeq of past indicate they were. formed when the concrete w,,,as semi-ptasgic.

SCrack suraces that are Ymoh initate Kney were formed before concrete had attained much stren*th.

0 Cracks that inwerwec: air voids annd rnas tnun sec odary deposits indicate format.iwu ait'er t;he Q .h prec{pitates.

SWheA e 2 cra7.cks ncr'er.c 2d one cL, in: ;eeondaor deposis, the ctack :tnta-"*ý a.:CO O tOt.gt;&]0i UlStt2!dV 0i ;irr

\.dktiiooatly, inha n-,.ook.. Cor.,r:< oe"2' ,a.ry t'*o U.)onaad A. S!. John Alan WV Poo ,:van a

?utbo*'rs potat out - .s:

ia (ooncrct,':e*....... ... In**..

the Kuvktne[*<d sne.;t[ bu;t carn noly form* chann~els. n'**;,ra::

and vg"nds in ithe pluaiic .,:~ta0 bctnoC? Ketttne.

DISCUSSION in general the acncrnte appe'red to ho inIoed condition. There was some evidence that the. hert particles are under-ingn alkaii silica reaction however signiticait distress due to alkali siiica reaction was not observed in the samples and the chert particles comprised a vary small percentage of "he'aaT's.

its not unusuai to see evidence of some alkali silica reaction in older concrete.

We understand the original mix design ised for zhe project (copy attached) specified approxinately 37%

sand and 63% coarse agegrecpte. Based on our observations of the core samples we estimate tliey

contained approximatey 50% sand and 50% arse azgregtae, Tht Mtix design i dicated a ater -o cement ralto of 0.3-8. Based on our observations of the core samples we estihnate, the water "o cement ratio may have been on the order of 0,4 to 0.5. However, the evaluation of water to cemment ratiof eider concrete is very subjective and may not he reliable.

Based on the sharp distinct edge cf the fractured surface, observatiuns, of fractured coarse aggregate (lirestone, which is relativelv easy ac tracture). the obser'ations of a few frctured fine aggretmw (quart.

which is relativeIv huard to frac~ure) pieces we expect the fractured surface observed in the samples occurred after the concrete had hardened and attained significant overall strength as welt as ,ýouffcient paste-to-aggregate bond to enmble failure in the limestone aggrcgate.

It is our understanding that the sub!re!t crack was an internal crack and not readily exposed to the atmosphere. The outside surfaces had sonic levels of carbonation but the cracked surfaces did not. We expect the lack of observed carbonation on the crack surface could be due either to the lack of sufficient C02 in the crack space to ea..e :aubotatioa e thougha long period of time could hav-e "lapsed since cracking or the crack -wa.* recenty formed ven rhough sufficient C02 was available i" the cracked urfface had been carbnated, that wouid indicate that there was sufficienm C02 to initate earhooat-n and sufficient time had eiapsed the cirbanaion Torto progress inro the concretce. In fhe case of, thn, c eracet 7 ;pl1s[.d the .xpected exposure eoatht 'M of the crack su.trlfce. the lack oftobserved carb aaric* :-ht nr-acýured surface the xamoies ts nccoc h, i egardun an estimam e on age "".4.rckine A ;:igtrifiean!: oar' oan .he racUzmred aec orr t sarptes If je is the mineral  ;'mwt d-,- that":,' ar: vee a, som8 of* :thO air voiP.s :e/oosd the ct.trcdd: strface, bur mineral growth wats not r bser*,e <a re i~acoed surface. There was aot e eeten~txe amouan of tinnerni growth ohbsered in the cods jadirtiac the concrete was relatively dry in sert ice (possibly due to the elevated temperature inside the containment area). Had the crack been in exisqtence for along period of time, wa would have expected to see somie mineral growth on the fractured sutface.

6

The !ack of carDonaton on the fraicture surface is "-,coclus,,ve"iatin2" ith respe"*t o cri"ks.. Our findings indicate either the crack is reiativelv new or the crack could be old hut the amtosphtre tlhecrack was exposed to (an internal fracture not exposed ta Ihe outside, atmosphere) was not conducive carbonation.

The fractured limestone coarse aggrecgate particles on the fractured surface indicate the concrete hiad gained sufficient smmc,ngth and bond with the coarse aggregate to prevent aggregate puliw-out and cause the fracturing. The limestone coarse aggregate generally does not have a high tensile strength and is expected to fracture relatively easily.. A few of the quartz fine aggregate particles had fractured indicating the concrete had gained sufficient strength and bond with a few of the fine aggregate particles to cause fracturing. The quartz fine -ggregategenerally has a relatively high tensile strengtsh. The fractured aggregates indicate the fractured surface of the ,amplhs probably did. not occur soon after the concrete placement when the c *criee was relatively fresh. We, understand this member is post-tensioned and it is likely that the oendons were tenstoned weeks following the phacement after sufficient strength gain for PVT t aning "as utund still relatively earl, in- Ae service life. We anticipate the cracking arter thisstage h eauct correelation mothis occurrence! load induced cracking .vas inconclusixve

ýcer hosed on the FiCdi', -. 17:iting the crack hased on ,,bservatiogns c. aggregate fracture was incetusive reyondt a oeri* U"i after post-es woioning to relati,.ctl ,-:r,,,,, cr-c, occurrence.

Thu; ohuerat er,<.;+",, *- *ha, itas *he:'ved in s;ome aft :he air ,,,s:q;gepus:ed at the f~raotured sur~acc. c--a.... was cot obhservedl an* "-a rcttrr sufceidiae teti ac a e~xisted 00n0cr thuc the f-**me surf*a*ce,  ;,io,,ly the air Ods hava n been there Aicic2 the oncrete was in a pa stcae amand or ,:e under favorable c-nditions. the mineral growth in the voids has occurred. Had the crack bee in e'istfc, fo a long_ period of tim, we would haWe expected to see soe mineral growth on the fractured surf'ace.

The lack of mineral growth on the fractured surface of the, sm*ciples indicates the crack is either rciative~y new or occurred after favorabie conditions for mineral g-rowth were diminished.

Had carbonation or mineral growth heen observed on the fracture surface of the samples, that wvould have indicated the crack is relatively old. The lack of carbonation and mineral growth on the fracture surface of the samples is an indication that either the crack could be rutivcly now or t, uondiond s Aor carbonation and mineral fc,-rvvth had not been Favorable since the crack developed, in %whichcase the age ofl the crack could not be determined.

7

CrstalRiver Concrete Core Observations November I1, 2009 Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 Crystal River Nuclear Generating Faciti., Florida We trust this information meets your current needs. If more information is needed of if you have any questions, please contact us.

Sincerely MACTEC ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING, INC.

/> /7 Senior Principal Professional ;Sc ~*$.i* I ri nc' *d I ~ tsi na I (2 copies submitted)

Attachments: References Summary of Petrographic Observations for Cores 21269A and 21271 A Photographs for Samples 21269 and 2127 1 Reports from Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory

-R

, I "I;ý 21)091

'pyR ;V 14ACTA,'C' Preý,;v No, Neville. AM., Cin We Determ-ine *he Age of Ci'a.ks by Mcm-iuring Cý.mnration? Pahrt Internationa!, Deccmb2r 2(03.

Neville. A.M., Can We Determine. th Age of Cracks by Mea*usuring Carbonation? Part 2,. C, '

international, January 20104.

Jana, Dipay.van. and Er1in, Bernard, Carbona'ion as an Indicator Qf Crack Age, Concrete internaticina.

May 2007.

St. John. Donald A. Poole, Alan W, and Sims. Ian, Concrete PeIrography, John Wiley and Sons, pp 229-246, 1998.

SMACTEC SPETROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS OF HARDENED-CONCRETE - ASTM C-856-04 PROJECT NAME Crystal River Core Petrography Project i PROJECT NUMBER .. 2: ;

DATE SAMPLED RECEIVED 10-21-09 SAMt LE IU. 2; 269A SAMPLE SIZE AND DESCRIPTION Coracrete core, approximately 3 3/4/ inches in AS RECEIVED diaxmeter, approximately 7 to 8 inches long.

11 OBSERVATIONS BY CHARACTERISTICS .

David Wilson OBSERVATIONS COARSE AGGREGATE:

Shape Angular to sub rounded Grading Approximately 3/ maximum size Distribution Even. Approximately 50% of the aggregates appeared to be coarse aggregates with the remaining fraction being the fine aggregate., ___ _

Texture Fine Composition Carbonate

~Rock Types Limestone, fossiliferous limestone Alteration:Degree I Not observed Deree~it Coatings j Not observed Rims Not observed Internal Cracking Generally not observed except in the vicinity of the fractured surface Contamination Not observed G.....R G A E NA.I............ . . . . . ........ ..................................................... .............................

- ~ FINE AGGREGATE:

Shape Generally sub-rounded to sub-angular Distribution Even Texture _Fine Composition _ STliceous PetrographicObservations, Sample LD. 21269A Pdzge I of 3 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on Crystal River Cores Project6468-09.2535 J. Allan Tice, ProjectPrincipal

M.ACTEC Rock Types Quartz Alteration: Not Observed

- Degree

- Products Coatings C_0 t'n zs Ik .........................

. ... . . ........ ........... . Not Observed Rims Not Observed IInternal Cracking Contamination A few internal fractures were observed Not observed C~ VhCI W¶~hV 7 A FW1W~ ~

(ý_"gAKAU I Pý.A4 3 11 f3 UfW VA I J, CONCRETE: _

it Air-Entrained or Not Appeared to have some air entrainment.

Total air content based on visual.

. .. .. ............. ............................. observatins reared to be 2 to 3%....

.o ...........................

Air Voids: Mostly small and spherical. Some air void

- Shape clustering was observed around a few

- Size coarse aggregate particles. The air void

- Distribution distribution was moderately un-even, some small areas lacked air entrainment. There was some limited mineral growth observed in some of the air voids. Calcium i-hydroxide was observed lining some air

_ voids.

Bleedinp I Not Observed Segregation - Not Observed Aggregate-Paste Bond Coarse and fine aggregates appeared to have a good bond to the cement paste with few openings. Some aggregate particles had increased calcium hydroxide in the paste surrounding the perimeter of the I pDar tict___

e _.. ....... ......... ... . . . .. . . ....

Fractures One end of the core contained a fractured surface. There were some other minor fractures on the end with the fractured surface. On the fractured surface there was a white deposit in a few areas. The deposit exhibited desiccation cracking and appeared to contain fine cement paste particles and some angular quartz fragments. This deposit is expected to be Embedded Items drilling slurry.

Not observed

- Shape

- Size PetrographicObservations, Sample LD. 21269A Page 2 of 3 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on CrystalRiver Cores Project6468-09-2535 J. Allan Tice, Project Principal t ,,,, ....... .. .. * . .. .

MACTEC

- Location

- Type Alteration: I Not observed Degree & Type Reaction Products

- Location

- Identification Nature and Condition of Surface 1 There appeared to be white paint on the Treatments exterior surface of the core Estimated water-cement ratio (based on Appeared to have a moderately low w/c visual observations only) ratio possibly in the range of 0.4 to 0.5 Estimated cement content (based on visual Appeared to have a moderately high observations only) cement content PASTE:_ ... ie m !* t* a _............

Color (GSA rock color chart 1991) Medium liaht aray jardness Appeared moderately hard when scratched with a hardened steel point Porosity Did not appear very porous. It took from 10 minutes to over 20 minutes to absorb 15 micro liter drops of water.

Carbonation The outer 1/ to V2 inch of the exterior surface was carbonated. The fractured surface was not carbonated.

Residual un-hydrated Cement: Some un-hydrated/partially hydrated I Distribution cement particles were observed

- Particle Size

- Abundance

- Composition Mineral Admixtures: Fly-ash was not observed

- Size

- Abundance Identification Contamination:

- Size

- -Abundance Identification Equipment Used:

Cannon EOS Digital Rebel with 50mm macro lens and microscope adapters AmScope 7X to 45X stereo zoom microscope (with and without polarized light)

Olympus BH-2 polarized light microscope Zeiss Photomicroscope II polarized light microscope Aven Digital Microscope Starrett 6 inch rule SN 109000003 Note: No M&TE used is subject to calibration requirements.

PetrographicObservations,Sample LD. 21269A Page3 of 3 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on CrystalRiver Cores Project6468-09-2535 J. Allan Tice, Project Principal

MACTEC

SUMMARY

OF PETROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS OF HARDENED CONCRETE- ASTM C-856-04

._-.. NA.. Crystal River Core Petrography Project PROJECT NUMBER 6468-09-2535 DATE SAMPLED RECEIVED 4ZART1 W 11171z A SAMPLE SIZE AND DESCRIPTION Concrete core, approximately 3 3/4 inches in AS RECEIVED diameter, approximately 7 to 8 inches long.

OBSERVATIONS BY David Wilson CHARACTERISTICS COARSE AGGREGATE:

Angula to sub rounde - -

Angular to sub rounded Approximately 34 maximum size Distribution Even. Approximately 50% of the aggregates appeared to be coarse aggregates with the remaining fraction being the fine -ewi.-

-Nfle. .. . ........ .. .. .................

Composition Carbonate, a few with siliceous deposits Rock Types Mostly limestone and fossiliferous limestone. 4 coarse aggregate particles on the cored surface retained moisture much longer than the other particles and one of S these particles had a darkened rim Alteration: Not observed Products Ctmtin gs Not observ:d RI n:.; Not observed except for one particle Internal Cracking Generally not observed except in the vicinity of the fractured surface. One of the particles that retained moisture longer than the other particles (referenced in rock type section) was observed in thin section and contained microcryswlline quartz and PetrographicObservations, Sample LD. 21271A Page I of4 Form Reviewed and Approvedfor Use on CrystalRiver Cores Project 6468-09-2535 J. Allan Tire,ProjectPrincipal

SM"ACTEC radial silica (essentially chert) with the limestone, several cracks were obscrved going through the portion which was predominately chert. There appeared to be minor amounts of ASR gel but a positive identification could not be made due to the Ismall amount,, present.

Contamination Not observed.

FINE AGGREGATE:

Shape Generally sub-rounded to sub-an eular G --...... ............... #4 and smaller Distribution - Even Texture Fine Composition .. . .. .. Siliceous Rock Tytpes I Quartz . ..

Alteration: Not Observed Degree

- Products Coatings Not Observed Rims -Not Observed

-Internal Cracking -. A few internal fractures were observed Contamination ~Not observed CHARA C TERiS TICS OBSERVATIONS CONCRETE:

• _

Air-Entrained or Not Appeared to have some air entrainment.

Total air content based on visual

_ observations appeared to be 2 to 3%

Air Voids: Mostly small and spherical. Some air-void Shape clustering was observed around a few Size coarse aggregate particles. The air void Distribution distribution was moderately un-even, some small areas lacked air entrainment. There was some limited mineral growth observed in some of the air voids. Calcium hydroxide was observed lining some air voids.

Bleeding__ ..........................

.. INot Observed S orn I...Not Observed Aggregate-Paste Bond Coarse and fine aggregates appeared to have a good bond to the cement paste with few openings. Some aggregate particles had increased calcium hydroxide in the

___ _ paste surrounding the perimeter of the PetrographicObservations, Sample LD. 21271A Page 2 of4 Form Reviewed and Approved far Use on CrystalRiver Cores Project6468-09-2535 J. Allan Tice, ProjectPrincipal

MACTEC particle.

Fractures One end of the core contained a fractured surface. There were some other minor fractures on the end with the fractured surface. There were some fractures associated the chert particle discussed prev io u sly ...................

Embedded Items Not observed

- Shape

- Size

- Location

- ype .

Alteration: Not observed

- Degree & Type

- Reaction Products

- Location

- Identification Nature and Condition of Surface I There appeared to be white paint on the Treatments exterior surface of the core Estimated water-cement radt6i(based on Appeared to have a moderately low w/c visual observations only) ratio possiblv in the range of 0.4 to 0.5 Estimated cement content (based on visual, Appeared to have a moderately high observations only) cement content PASTE:

Hardness Appeared moderately hard when scratched with a hardened steel point Porosity Did not appear very porous. It took from 10 minutes to over 20 minutes to absorb 15 micro liter drops of water.

Carbonation The outer 1/4 to V/inch of the exterior surface was carbonated. The fractured surface was not carbonated.

Residual un-hydrated Cement: Some un-hydrated/partdally hydrated

- Distribution cement particles were observed

- Particle Size

- Abundance

.... Co-mpoition _ .. .

Mineral Admixtures: Fly-ash was not observed

- Size

- Abundance

- Identification Contamination: Not observed

- Size

- Abundance

- Identification PetrographicObservations, Sample IMD. 21271A Page3 of4 Form Reviewed and Approvedfor Use on CrystalRiver Cores Project6468-09.2535 J. Allan Tice, ProjectPrincipal

MACTEC Equipment Used:

Cannon EOS Digital Rebel with 50amm macro lens and microscope adapters AmScope 7X to 45X stereo zoom microscope (with and without polarized light)

Olympus BH-2 polarized light microscope Zeiss Photomicroscope II polarized light microscope Aven Digital Microscope Starrett 6 inch rule SN 109000003 Note: No M&TE used is subject to calibration requirements.

PetrographicObservations,Sample LD. 21271A Page 4 of4 Form Reviewed and Approved for Use on CrystalRiver Cores Project 6468-09.2535 J. Allan Tice, ProjectPrincipal 4 $ /,** * * <74** * ->**

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CrYstal Ritvr Conicrete Care Observiaions, Sample /A!) 21269 November I/, 2W09 RepvrY oif Petv graphic Obser,'auivts MA CTEC Pnjyer No. 6468-09-2535 Crystal River Nuclear Gaeveating FacilitY, Florida

___ 7 ___ 77#7 Remarks Close up of the fractured surface of core 21269. Note the desiccation cracking where the white deposit is thicker (shown by red arrow).

Ph"raph #8 Remarks Polished section 21269A prepared from sample 21269 Mactee Iab No*. 21269

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Crystal River Concrete CoreObservations.Sample 1.D. 21269 November 11. 2(W)9 Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC Project No, 6468-09-2535 Crystal River Nuclear Generating Facility, Florida

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. .... . . . Remarks Photomicrograph of the fracture surface. Red arrow points to an air void with some mineral growth. Due to the uneven surface and limited depth of field at J this magnification, some areas are out of focus.

I Photraph#12 ___Remarks __

Photomicrograph of the fracture surface. Red arrows point to an air voids with some mineral growth. Due to the uneven surface and limited depth of field at this magnification, some areas are out of

,4 A focus.

S C'ri-sta Ri~e. (0;wrele~ CoQre Observations. Scwipie I.1). 2 I269) .November II. 2(V)

MA CTEC Pmrve, No. (146*.09.-2.35

(.Yvsial Rh"er Nuclear Gencraling FaciMiiv Florida Photograph #13 ______ __ Remarks Photomicrograph of the polished section, The fracture surface is towards the bottom.

Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

IPhotograph #14 Remarks Photomicrograph of the Spolished section. The fracture surface is towards the bottom.

Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

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6 C,*stal River ConcreteCore Observdions, Sample ID. 21269 November 11. 2.009 Report of PetrographicObservations WAACTEC ProjectNo. 64684)9-2535 Crystal River Nuclear Generatin8 Facilil.y Florida

_PhW"O#1 Remarks Photomicrograph of the polished section, Note the un-even distribution of air voids. Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

Photorp 1 Remarks Photomicrograph of thin section using plane polarized light. The fractured surface is to the left. Note fractures (red arrow). Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

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clysial Rii'ee Cancreie Core Observawons. Sample L.1). 21269 Novemnber 11. 2(09 Reporr qf Pet ragniphic Observations MACTEC Project No. 6468-.09-2535 Crvstal River Nurfar Generating Facilitv, Florida Photogaph #19 Remarks Same view as in photograph #18 taken with cross potarized light. Red arrow pointsi to an air void Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

Remarks Close up of the air void '

identified in photograph #19. Note the small mineral growth (red arrow),

Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

10

Crystal River Concrete Core Observations,Sample MD.21269 November I, 2M09 Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC ProjectNo. 6468-09.2535 Crystal River Nuclear GeneratingFacility, Florida Photopraph . .... . ... . Remarks Photomicrograph of a thin section taken with plane polarized light.

The fracture surface is towards the bottom.

Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

P apk#22 Remarks Same view as photograph #21 taken with cross polarized light. The red arrow points to an air void with mineral growth (white area around void). The blue arrow points to a fractured surface (note lack of mineral deposits). The yellow arrow points to a fractured piece of quartz. Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

11

.0 CrystalRiver Comicrte Core Observations.S&mple L D. 21269 Nm-emnber //. AM'.

Report of PetrmgraphicObservations AIACTEC Project NMo.64M-0)9-25,15 Crystal River NuclearGenerating Facility,Florida Photogmiaph #23 -i Remarks Another view of the area in photograph #22.

Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

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0CYvai Rivert ('o~rno e Core Observations. Scwqile 1.I. 212171 Vqlcnhwrwjkl I1 00Y9 RL-;krf of Pe?twigmphic 0h~enialiofts MA UTEC Proiet 'Vo. 6408fb'k-2il*

(rvstai Rjiver NVucle'ar Gecnerating Facifil). IFlvridai Photoaraph #3 Remarks The fracture surface of core 21271.

Photoer-aph 44 Remarks The exterior surface oft core 2 127 1, 4

2

CrYstal River Concrete Core Observations. Sample 1.D. 21271 No.vemiber 11, 2009 Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC Project No. 65468-09-25,15 Crystal River Nuclear GeneratingFacility. Florida

_Khot%"p!ý#5 Remarks An aggregate particle on the cored surface.

This particle has a darkened rim and the area around the particle appeared to retain moisture longer than the rest of the core.

Marks on the ruler are 0.1 inch.

Phokwaph #6 Remarks An aggregate particle on the cored surface.

This particle has a darkened rim and the area around the particle appeared to retain moisture longer than the rest of the core.

Marks on the ruler are 0.1 inch.

C.ystal River Concrete Core Observtions. Sample l.D. 21271 Noa'rniber 1I. 2009 Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 CrstalRiver Nuclear Generating Facility Florida Phot phI#7 .. . . Rema*ks*...

An aggregate particle on the cored surface.

This particle has a U~JNtIIMU 11(1 nIIU tlh area around the particle appeared to retain moisture longer than the rest of the core.

Marks on the ruler are 0.1 inch.

~ph~ AnRemarks An aggregate particle on the cored surface.

This particle has a darkened rim and the area around the particle appeared to retain moisture longer than the rest of the core.

Marks on the ruler are

0. 1 inch.

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CrYstal River Concrete Core Observations.Sample L . 21271 Noverneber 1. 2L0W Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC ProjectNo. 6458J9-2515 Crystal River Nuclear GeneratingFaciiti,.Florida Photovaoh#I1 ________ Remarks Close up of the polished sections showing the fracture surface (top of photograph). Note uneven distribution of air voids. Width of view is approximately 0.4 inch.

Pht*h#1, Remarks Close up of the polished sections showing the fracture surface (top of photograph). Note uneven distribution of air voids. Width of view is approximately 0.4 inch.

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pol ished '-h Lr'even distribmuion cl' air voids. Width of viewi ap7r,.ixrnately 0.4 irzh.

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C'srtalRiver Concrete Core Obserations.Sample I.D. 21271 November I1, 20109 Report of PetrogrnphicObservations MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 Crystal River Nuclear Generating Faeilin';Florida ph_____#1_____

__________ Remarks Close up of the polished sections showing the fracture surface (top of photograph). Note uneven distribution of air voids. Width of view is approximately 0.4 inch.

!j Photoraph__1 Remarks Close up of the polished sections showing the fracture surface (top of photograph). Note uneven distribution of air voids. Width of view is approximately 0.4 inch.

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C(rAstal River Concrete Core Observations, Sample 1, . 21271 Nventber 1I, 2W9(

Report of PetrographicObsepwitions MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 Crvstai River Nuclear Generating Fixility. Florida Remarks Close up of the polished sections showing clustering of air voids around an aggregate particle.

Width of view is approximately 0.2 inch.

rd1 Remarks Close up of the polished sections showing uneven distribution of air voids. Width of view is approximately 0.2 inch.

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~dWPhi 7a-ir view is1 0.2 inch.

T' mnrk, Ck~i up ,.fthc potisked sectzc,ns showirq thf 1-':cture surface ýtop 'it

• otc~rap". Note uneven distribution of air voids. Width o&

view ik approximately 0.2 inch.

10

b Crystal River Concrete Core Observations.Sample ID. 21271 Navember 1I, 2009 Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC ProjectNo. 6468-09-2535 COstal River Nuclear GeneratingFaciliýo,Florida Phiotograph #21 Remnarks~r Photomicrograph of the fractured surface showing an air void with some mineral growth (red arrow).

Because of the un-even surface and the magnification the focal

.depth is limited and some areas of the photomicrograph are not in focus. Width of view is approximately 0.06 inch.

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Photomicrograph of the fractured surface showing an air void with some mineral growth (red arrow).

Because of the un-even surface and the magnification the focal depth is limited and some areas of the photomicrograph are not in focus. Width of view is approximately 0.06 inch.

11

- , a Cr,-stalRiver Concrete Core Observations,Sample 1.0. 21271 November II. 2(X)Y Report

, f PetrographicObservations MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 CrrstalRiver Nuelear GeneratingFacilirt;Florida Photograph #23 Remarks Photomicrograph of thin section in plane polarized light. Note the mineral growth in the air void that was exposed at the fractured surface (red arrow).

Note lack of mineral growth on fractured surface (blue arrow).

Width of view is approximately 0.3 inch.

,Xho!2graph #24 Remarks Photomicrograph of thin section using plane polarized light. Note fractures (red arrows) coming out of chert deposit (blue arrows) in a limestone particle.

Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

12

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• Crstsal River Concrete Core Observations,Sample M.D.21271 N'ovember II, 2(009J Report of PetrographicObservations MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-2535 Cnysral River Nuclear GeneratingFacilini, Florida IPhotograpy_2- I .Remarks Same view as photograph #24 taken wf with cross polarized light. Width of view is approximately 0.5 inch.

ITPhotorap h#26 Remarks _

Cracking in a chert deposit in a limestone particle (red arrows).

Width of view Is approximately 0.5 inch.

I 13

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('rvstai River Concrete Cure tibservaijols. Sumple L.D. 21271 November 1I. 20X)9 Report of Pet'rographic Observations MACTEC Project No. 6468-09-25335 Crvvtal River Nudacla Generrting Facility. Florida Phetýph #27 Remarks Same view at photograph #26 taken with cross polarized light. Width of view is approKimately 0.5 inch.

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