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| issue date = 03/01/1979
| issue date = 03/01/1979
| title = Proposed Amend Changing Tech Specs Re Typographical Errors,Clarification of Low Power Range Monitor Requirements,Removal of Obsolete Requirements & Reduction of Scram Timing Pressure Restrictions.W/Impingement Study
| title = Proposed Amend Changing Tech Specs Re Typographical Errors,Clarification of Low Power Range Monitor Requirements,Removal of Obsolete Requirements & Reduction of Scram Timing Pressure Restrictions.W/Impingement Study
| author name = GILLELEND J E
| author name = Gillelend J
| author affiliation = TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
| author affiliation = TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
| addressee name = DENTON H R
| addressee name = Denton H
| addressee affiliation = NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION (NRR)
| addressee affiliation = NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION (NRR)
| docket = 05000259, 05000260, 05000296
| docket = 05000259, 05000260, 05000296
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=Text=
=Text=
{{#Wiki_filter:ENCLOSURE 1  
{{#Wiki_filter:ENCLOSURE 1


PROPOSED CHANGES TO UNIT 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX A t SAFETf LMIT L.l Fuel Claddin Inta rit LIHITINC SAPETT SYSTRH SETTING 2.1 Fuel Claddin Inta rit I~Core eptay and U'CI>378 in.actuation-teactot above vebbe lou uatet level sero J.HPCI end RCIC ac'tuation reactor Icnr water level>470 iri.above vebbe'I sero Ko H4fn bteaQL isola>470 tion valve cloeure-above reactor lou vater sero level in.veebel TABLE a+1~B REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM (SCRAM)INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION MINDCUM CALIBRATION FREQUENCIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUMENT CHANNELS Instrument Channel IRM High Flax APRM High Flux Output Signal~Flew Bias signal Group (1)B B Calibration Cccaparison to APRM on Control-led Shutdowns (6)Heat Balance Calibrate Floe Bias Signal (7)Minimum Frequency (2)Bate (4)Once every 7 days Once/operating cycle B High Reactor Pressure High Dryvell Pressure)Cain Steam Liae High Radiatioa B Turbine First stage.Pzessare permissive h Turbiae contxol valve-Loss of oil pressure h Tarhine Stop Valve Closure.High Rater Level in Scram Discharge Volame h Turbine Ccadeaser Lcm Vacuum h Main Steam Line Imlation Valve Closure h TIP System Traverse (8)Standard Pressure Source Standard Pressure Source Pressure Standard Note (5)standard Vacuum Source 5 I Note (5)Standard Cuxrent Source (3)Standard Pressure Source Standard Pressure Source Note (5)Every 1000 Effective Full Pcerer Hours Prexy 3 Months Every 3 Months Evezy 3 Months Note (5)Every 3 Months R)te (5)Every 3 Months Every 6 Months ChaceIoperating cycle Note (5)
PROPOSED CHANGES TO UNIT 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX A
NOTES FOR TABLE 4'.l.B 1, A description of three groups is included in the bases of this specif ication.2.Calibrations are noc rcquiied when the systems aze not required to be operable or are tripped.If calibracions arc missed>they shall be performed prior co returning the syste'm to an operable status.3.The current source provides an instrument channel alignment.
Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.4~Haximum frequency required is once per week.Physical inspection and actuation of these position, svitches vill be performed once per operating cycle.6, On controlled shutdowns>
overlap between the IRM's and APRM's will be verified.7.The Flow Bias Signal Calibration will consist of calibrating the sensors, flow convcrters, and signal offset necwotks during each operating cycle.The instrumentation is an analog type with redun-dant flov signals that can be compared.The flow compazacoz trip and upscale will be functionally tested according to Table 4,2.C to ensuze the proper operating during the operating cycle.Refer to C'.1 Bases for further explanation of calibration frequency.
8.A complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the process computer.Tke individual LPRN meter readings vill be adjusted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100%pover.
The frequriicy of r.il ilirnt ion of tli</'<pgN F1<iv Bfn<inx.'l<twnrh ha<i been i<<t<<hi I</lii'<l a!i i ach rcf<<i.if<<<;ui<r.<g<;.
Tlii.r<.<<t>>:;.v<i:il I<<<.t rumenc'<whfch must be col fbrat>>d anil fr wf ll take aevi ral hn<<r<<to perform the calibration of ch>>enr.fre network.Whfle the calfbratfon is being per-formed, a acro flow signal will bi-.sent ro half o!the'O'g'l's resulting in a half scram<ind rod block condf.r,ion.
Thus, if the calibration were perforned during operation, flux shaping would not be possible.'Based on experience ac other gcncracing scatfons, drift of instruments, such as those fn ci<c Flow Biasing Hecwork, fr not sfgiiiEicant and therefore, to avoid spurfous scrams, s calibr~tfon frequency of each refueling out-age is es ablfshcd.Croup (C)devices arc'act fve,only durfr<g a gfven port fon oE che opera-tional cycle.For example, chc It:.'!is active during~certup and inactive during full-power oper-cfon.
Thus, chc only tcsc char.fa aeanfngful thc one performed gust prior ro shutdown or startup', i.c., the tests that are perforned gust prior to use of the instrument.
Calfbracfnn frvq<<>>ncy of thc in<icrumcnt chnnicl i~divided into two groups.These are as folio~a: l.F ssive type indfcatfng devfces chat can be co~pared with like units on a continuous basis.2.Vacuum tube or semiconductor devices an<I detectors that drift or lose sensitivity.
Experience with passfv=type fnstruoencs in generating stations and nub-statfons indicates that the specified calfbracfons are adequate.For those devices which criploy amplifiers, etc., drift speciEications call for drift to be less than 0.4X/month; i,c,, in che period of a month a diff t of.4V.would occur acd thus providing Eor ad>>quat>>aargfa.Vor the Apg'f system drf ft of clcctronic apparatus fs not:he only considera-tion fn determining a calibration frequency.
Ch.ngu.n power distribu-tion and loss of chac<ber sensftivity dictate a calibration every seven days.Calfbrar ion on this frequency assures plant operation at or below thermal if~its.'coaparfson of Tables'4.1.A and 4.1.6 indicates that two instr~ant channels have not been included fn thc latter cable.These are: code switch in shutdow<i and cianual scram.All of the devices or sensors associated wfch these scram functions arc sf~pie on-off switches and.hence,,calfbratfon during operation fs noc sppl'cable, f.e., the swfcch f,'s either on or off.The ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Power Density (MFLPD)to Fraction of Rated Power (FRP)shall be checked out once per day to determine if the.APRM scram requires ad)ustment.
This will normally be done by checking the APED readings.Only a small number of control rods are moved daily 47
~~~4~1 BASF.S during steady-state,opera'tion"and thus the.ratio is not expected to change significantly.
The sensitivity of LPRM detectors decreases with exposure to'eutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate.The APR'I system, which uses the LPRM readings to detect a change in thermal power, will be calibrated every seven'days using a heat balance to compensate for this change in sensi:tivity.
The RBM system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power.It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal gower and therefore any change in LPRM sensitivity is comoensated for'y the APRM calibration.
The technical specification limits of CHFLPD, CPF., MAPLIIGR and R ratio are determined by the use of the orocess computer or other backup methods.These methods use LPR'.!readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.
'Compensation in the process computer for changes in LPRH sensitivity will be made by performing a full core Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated LPRH correction f"ctors every 1000 effective full power hours.As a minimum the individual LPRH meter readings will be adjusted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent oower.
''[nti CAiMO LT KOi<S FOR OPEPuXT iO,'4.SURVRiLLAhCF.
RE UIRQK!iTS 3 3 K Control Rods 4, Control rods shall noc be withdrawn for starcup or refueling unless ac least cuo.source range channels have an observed count race equal to or greater chan~thrae counts per second'.5..During opcracion Mich 1 i<<icing cont ra 1 rod pa c-carns, as dccermined by the designated qualified person-nel, either: a.Noth R8H channels shall be operable: or b~Control rod vichdraMal shall be blocked.4 3 8 l'oncrol Rods Mhen required, Cha presence of~second 1iceasel operates'o verify the followiag ot the correct rod prograa shally be verified 4.Prior co control rod vithdraMal for acarcup or during refueling, verify chac at lease tMo source'ange channels have ao observed.counc race of at least three counts per second.C 5.Mhen a limiting control rod pattern exists, an insceceant functional test of the RN shall be performed prior to vichdraval of the designated rod(s)and at least, once per 24 hours thereafter.
C.Scram Insertion Times C.Scram Insertion Times X Xnsortad Froo Full Mi thdrcun Avg.Scram Inser-tion Tines sec 5 20 50 90 0.375 0,90 2.0 3.500 l, The average scram insertion Cine, baaed on the deenergi-zacion of the scran pilot valve aolenoids as tire zero, of all operable control rods in the reactor power opera c ion condi Cion shall bc no greater than: 1.After each-refueling outage all operable rods shall be scram time~tested from the fully vithdrawn position vith the nuclear system pressure above 800 psig This testing shall be co<<pleted prior to exceeding 40X pover.Belov 20X pover, only.rods in those sequences (A12 and A34.or B12 and B)vhich vere fully withdrawn in th$region from 100X rod density to 50X rod density shall be scram time tested.The sequence restraints imposed upon the control rods in the 100-50 percent rod density groups to the preset pover level may be removed by use of the individual bypass switches associated vith those.control rods vhich are fully or partially vithdravn and are not vithin the 100-50 percent rod density groups.In order to bypass a rod, the actual rod axial position must be knovn;and the rod<<ust be in the correct in-sequence position.124 a'Whsga~'a 0 Unit 1 l,wIviir.Cn~nivlnns Fnli sprat TIOU SURVFII.La&#xc3;CF RE~UIM~FMTS 3.7.C Secondary Containment 1.Sc condnry containment intc;durity shall be maintained in the reactor aonc" at all times except as apccf(iud in 3.7.C.2.4.I.c Secondar Containment I.1~Secondary containment surveil-lance shall be perfoaaed as indicated helot: 240 lP t%14t'I 0 4~7.C Seconisr I Containment 1 2.If reactor zone secondary con-tainment integrity cannot be maintained the folloving con-ditions shall be met: a.The reactor shall bc made aubcrit ical and Specif ica-tion 3.3,A shall be mer..b.The reactor shall be cooled dovn beloM 212'F and the reactor coolant system vented.a.Secondary containment capa-bility tomaintaim 1/4 inch o vater vacuum under calm Mtn'+5 mph)conditions Mith s system inleafcage tate o f not more than 12,000 cfm, shall be demonstrated at each refueling outage prior to refueling.
2.After a secondary containment violation is determined the standby gas treatment system vill be operated inanedisteiy after the affected zones are isolated from the remainder of the secondary containment to confirm its abil'y to main<<tain the remainder of the secondary containment at 1/4-inch of Mater negative prcssure under calm Mind conditions.
c;Fuel movemcnt shall not bc permitted in the reac-tor zone.d.Primary containment
'ntegri:y ma inta i ned.3, Secondary containment integrity shall be mslntnlned in the re-fueling zone, except as speci-fied in 3.).C.4.24) 0 PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT'TECHNICAL SPECIPICATIONS APPENDIX B  Monitoring vill be perfors:e6 usinu standard accepted scnpling procc."urea vhich arc on fil'e in the office of'he Division of Forestry, Fisherics, and Hildlife Development, Norris, Tennessee.
Re ortins Recuirencnt The results vill be smaaarized annually in the annual reports of the nonradiological environnental monitoring program.Baaas A significant proportion of the river flow vill be routed through the plant f'r cooling purposes, and during periods when larval fish ar'e abundan there is the potcrtial'for entraicuaent of large numbers of fisbes.The specified study will deteraine the numbers of fish crgs and larva entrained in the cooler"., vater system resulting frow pl.nt operation and identify the need for possible corrective action.(f)Fish inoin enent on Intake Screens (Delete)was f\s",\
PROPOSED CHANGES TO UNIT 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SAFETY LIHIT A.l" tuel Claddin Int>>rit LIHITINC SAFETY SYSTEH SEITING 2il Fuel Claddin Inta rit I~Core epray and LFCI~378 in.actuation reactor above vestee lou water level cero J.HPCI and RCIC actuation-reactor le vater level~470 in.above vesset cero K.Main ateam ieola<<>470 tion valve cloeure-above reactor lou eater cero level in.veeeef TABLE 4alaB REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEN (SCRAN)INSTRUNKNT CALIBRATION NININUN CALIBRATION FREQQE!CIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUNZNT CHANNELS Instruaent Channel IRN High Flux APRN High Flux Output Signal~Flow Bias Signal LPRN Signal Group (I)B B Calibration Caaparison to APRN on Control-led Shutdowns (6)Heat Balance Calibrate Flow Bias Signal (7)TIP System Traverse (8)Nininum Frequency (2)Note (4)Oace every 7 days Once/operating cycle Every 1000 Effective Full Power Hours High Reactor Pzessure High Drywall Pressure Reactor Low Mater Level High heater Level in Scraa Discharge Volam Tarbine Ccadeaser Low Vacuua Naia Steaa Line Isolation Valve Closure Naia Stean Line High Radiati.oa Turbine First Stage.Pressure Pernissive Turhiae Coatrol Valve-Loss of Oil Pressure A Turbine stop valve closure Standard Pressure Source Standard Pressure Source Pressure Standard Hots (5)Standard Vacuua Source I Note (5)Standard Current Source (3)Standard Pressure Source Standard Pressure Source Note (5)Every 3 Nonths Every 3 Nonths Every 3 Nonths Note (5)Every 3 Ncaths Note (5)Every 3 Noaths Evezy 5 Ncaths Csee/operating cycle Note (5)


NOTFS FOR TABLE 4.1.1 A description of three groups's included in the bases of this speciEication.
t SAFETf L.l LMIT Fuel Claddin Inta rit LIHITINC SAPETT 2.1   Fuel Claddin I
2.Calibrations are not required when the systems are not required to be operable or are tripped.If calibrations arc missed, they shall be performed prior to returning the system to an operable status.3, The current source provides an instrument channel alignment.
SYSTRH SETTING Inta  rit Core eptay and U'CI    >  378 in.
Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.4~Haximum frequency required is once per week.Physical inspection and actuation of these poiition switches vill be performed once per operating cycle.5~On controlled shutdowns>
actuation
overlap between the IRM's and APRH's will be verified.7.The Flov Bias Signal Calibration vill consist of calibrating the sensors, flow convcrters, and signal offset networks during each operating cycle.The instrumentation is an analog type vith redun-dant flov signals that can be compared.The flow comparato" trip and upscale vill be functionally tasted according to Table 4,2,C to ensure the proper operating during the operating cycle.ReEer'o 4'.1 Bases for Eurther explanation of calibration frequency.
                                      ~
8.'complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the~process computer.The individual LPRN meter readincs vill be ad)usted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100%power.
teactot  above vebbe lou uatet level        sero J. HPCI end RCIC          > 470 iri.
ac'tuation reactor    above vebbe'I Icnr water level      sero Ko  H4fn  bteaQL isola    > 470 in.
tion valve cloeure above veebel reactor lou vater      sero level


Th<<freque>>cy o5 r.>11hrnt ion of t'l>>Assed Fl<>M Bin>lax'.t<<tMork ha>>been a at<<hit<<had
TABLE a+1~B REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM (SCRAM) INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION MINDCUM CALIBRATION FREQUENCIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUMENT CHANNELS Instrument Channel                  Group (1)          Calibration                      Minimum Frequency    (2)
<<!><<<<ch refuel in;;uut<<g<<.There<<rc<<.~v>r!>1 1n<<trumrnts Mhich must be ca11hrat<<d and it M111 takr.acv<<r<<1 hnur<<to perform the calibration of the entire nctuoA.While the calibration is being per-formed, a aero EloM signal will b<<sent to half of the>'ZRH's resulting in s half scram and rod block condition.
IRM  High Flax                                                Cccaparison to APRM on    Control-     Bate (4) led Shutdowns (6)
Th>>s, if the calibration Mere performed during operation, flux shaping uould not be possible.Based on cxper'fence at other generating stations, drift oE in truments, such aa those in the Flov Biasing Hetuork, ir not significant and therefore, to avoid spurio>>s scrams, a cal.ibr tion frequency of each refueling out-age is establ ishcd.Croup (C)devices are active only durin" a given portion oE the opera-tional cycle.For example, the 1g.'!is active during startup and inactive during full-pover oper" tion.Thus>thc only test that is meaningful thc one performed gust prior to ehutdoun or startup,'i.c., the tests that are performed gust prior to use of the instrument.
APRM  High Flux Output Signal ~                                B          Heat Balance                          Once every 7 days Flew Bias signal                               B          Calibrate Floe Bias Signal    (7)    Once/operating cycle B          TIP System Traverse      (8)          Every 1000  Effective Full  Pcerer Hours High Reactor Pressure                                        Standard Pressure    Source            Prexy  3  Months High Dryvell Pressure                                        Standard Pressure Source              Every 3 Months Pressure Standard                      Evezy 3 Months
Calibrntion frequency of thc in<<trumcnt chan>cl 1e divided into tvo groups.These are as folloMe: 1.P ssive type indicating devices that can be comp-red vith like units on a continuous basis.2.Vacuum tube or semiconductor devices and detectors that drift oz lose sensitivity.
. High  Rater Level  in Scram Discharge Volame      h          Note (5)                              Note (5)
Experience vith passiv" type instruments in generating stations and oub-stations indicates that the specified calibrations are adequate.For those devices which employ amplifiers, etc., drift specifications call for driEt to be less than 0.4X/month; i.e., in the period of a month a d>ift of.47 Mould occur acd thus providing for adequate margin.Por the APR.'1 system d.1Et of electronic apparatus i<<not:he only considera-tion in determining a calibration frequency, Change in power distribu-tion and loss of chamber sensitivity dictate a calibration every seven days.Calibration on this frequency assures plant operation at or belov thermal limits.A comparison of Tables 4.1.A and 4.1.B indicates that two instrument channels have not been included in thc latter table.These are: mode sMitch in shutdown>and manual scram.All of the devices or sensors associated vi th these scram f unct ions are s imp le on-o.f svitches and, hence, calibration during operation is not sppl'cable, i.e., the switch ie either on or off.The ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Pover Density (MFLPD)to Fraction of Rated Power (FRP)shall be checked out once per day to determine if'he APRM scram requires adJustment.
Turbine Ccadeaser Lcm Vacuum                      h          standard    Vacuum Source 5
This will normally be done by checking the APRM readings.Only a small number of control rods are moved daily 47
Every 3 Months I
Main Steam Line  Imlation  Valve Closure        h          Note (5)                              R)te (5)
  )Cain Steam  Liae High Radiatioa                  B           Standard Cuxrent Source (3)            Every 3 Months Turbine First stage. Pzessare permissive          h          Standard Pressure Source              Every  6  Months Turbiae contxol valve - Loss of oil pressure      h          Standard Pressure Source              ChaceIoperating cycle Tarhine Stop Valve Closure                                    Note (5)                               Note (5)


4~1 BASFS durYng steady-state operation and thus the ratio is not expected:.
NOTES FOR TABLE    4'.l.B 1,  A  description of three groups is included in the      bases of this specif ication.
to change significantly.
: 2. Calibrations are      noc rcquiied when the systems aze not required to be  operable  or  are tripped. If calibracions arc missed> they shall be performed prior co returning the syste'm to an operable status.
The sensitivity of LPRM detectors decreases with exposure to neutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate.The APR'I system, which uses the LPBM readings to detect a change in thermal vower, will be calibrated every seven days using a heat balance to compensate For this change in sensitivity.
: 3. The current source provides an instrument channel alignment.        Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.
The RBM system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power.It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal oower and therefore any change in LPWI sensitivity is comoensated for by the APRH calibration.
4~  Haximum  frequency required is once per week.
The technical specification limits of CHFLPD, CPF., MAPLIIGR and R ratio are determined by the use of the orocess computer or other backup methods.These methods use LPR.'!readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.
Physical inspection      and actuation of these position, svitches vill be performed once per operating cycle.
Compensation in the process computer for changes in LPRM sensitivity will be made by performing a full core Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated LPRM correction f-ctors every 1000 effective full power.hours.As a minimum the individual LPRM meter readings will be ad)usted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent power.  
6, On  controlled    shutdowns> overlap between the IRM's and APRM's  will be verified.
: 7. The Flow Bias    Signal Calibration will consist of calibrating the sensors,    flow  convcrters, and signal offset necwotks during each operating cycle. The instrumentation is an analog type with redun-dant flov signals that can be compared. The flow compazacoz trip and upscale will be functionally tested according to Table 4,2.C to ensuze the proper operating during the operating cycle. Refer to C'.1 Bases for further explanation of calibration frequency.
: 8. A  complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the process computer. Tke individual LPRN meter readings           vill be adjusted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100% pover.


L IInc covnLYKovs Foa opERXTtov SURVr.lLLANCF.
The   frequriicy of r.il ilirntion of tli< /'<pgN F1<iv Bfn <inx .'l< twnrh ha<i been i <<t<<hi I </lii'<l a!i i ach rcf<<i. if<<<; ui<r.<g<;. Tlii.r<. <<t>>:;. v< i:il I<<<.t rumenc'<
RE UIRKY.'HIS 4.3.8 Contxol Rods 4~Control rods shall noc be vithdraMn for ecarcup or refueling'nless at least cMo.source range channels have an observed count rate,'qual to or grcacer chan~three counts pcr accond'.5.,During.
whfch must be col fbrat>>d anil fr wf ll take aevi ral hn<<r<< to perform the calibration of ch>> enr.fre network. Whfle the calfbratfon is being per-formed, a acro flow signal will bi-. sent ro half o! the 'O'g'l's resulting in a half scram <ind rod block condf.r,ion. Thus, if the calibration were perforned during operation, flux shaping would not be possible. 'Based on experience ac other gcncracing scatfons, drift of instruments, such as those fn ci<c Flow Biasing Hecwork, fr not sfgiiiEicant and therefore, to avoid spurfous scrams, s calibr ~ tfon frequency of each refueling out-age is es ablfshcd.
operation Mich l imi ting control rod pa c-caxns, ns determined by che designated qualif icd persou-nel, either: a, Both RBtl channila shall ba.opcrablc: 'or b Control rod wichdraval shall be blocked.When required, the preaaaca of~ascoad 1icaaaad operator to verify ths followtog ot the correct rod program shalL be verified.4.Prior co control rod withdravsl for scaxcup or during refueling, verify thac ac lease tvo source'ange channels have ao observed count rate of ac least three counts per second.5.When a limiting control rod pattern exists, an lnstrLxssat functional teat of the lQA shall be pcrfoamcd prior to withdrawal of the designated rod(s)and ac least once per 24 hours chereaftar.
Croup (C) devices arc 'act fve,only durfr<g a gfven port fon oE che opera-tional cycle. For example, chc It:.'! is active during certup and inactive
C.Scram Insertion Times C.Scram Insertion Times X Inserted Prom Full With raMn Avg.Scram Inser-5 20 50 90 0.375 0.90 2.0 3.500 l.The average scraDI inecL'cion Cima, baaed on the dccnergl-zacion of the scram pilot valve colcnotds as time zero, of all operable control rods in che reactor power oparacion condi tion shall be no greater chan: 1.After each refueling outage all operable,,rods shall be scram time tested from the fully withdrawn position with the nuclear system pressure above gOO psig This testing shall be completed prior to exceeding 40X power.Below 20X power', only.rods in those sequences (A12 and A34.or B12 and B)which were fully withdrawn in tlat region from 100X rod density to 50X rod density shall be scram time tested.The sequence restraints imposed'upon the control rods, in the 100-50 percent rod density groups to the preset power level may be removed by uee of the individual bypass switches associated with those control rods which are fully or pnrtially withdrawn and are not within the 100-50 percent rod density groups.In order to bypass a rod, the actual rod axial position must bi known,'nd the rod aust be in the correct in-sequence position.124 7 Al 1~~4@Wi' Unit 2>.shnrif: Cn~nlvin.iS Fnii nrrar71OU SURVF1LLh&#xc3;CF RK'iIU1v~FNTS 3.7,C Secondary Containment l.Sc condnry containment inte-grity shall bc maintained ln the reactor tone at all times except as~pcclfled ln 3.7.C.2.1.Secondary containment surveil-lance shall be performed as indicated helot: 240 3oloC Secondar Containment
                                                                        ~
~~4.7.C Scconiar i Containment a.Secondary containment capa-bility tomaintafa 1/0 inch o vater vacuum under cain uin" (<5 mph)condition uitlt a system inleakage rate oi not more than 12,PPP cf>, shall bc demonstrated at each reive Ling outage pr io r to refueling.
during full-power oper-cfon. Thus, chc only tcsc char. fa aeanfngful thc one performed gust prior ro shutdown or startup',                  i.c., the tests that are perforned gust prior to use of the instrument.
2.If reactor zone secondary con<<tainment integrity cannot be maintained the folloving con-ditions shall be met: a.The reactor shall be made subcritical and Specifica-tion 3.3.A shall be me t.b.The reactor shall be cooled doun belou 212'F and the reactor coolant system vented.2~AEter a secondary containment violation is determined thc standby gas treatmenr.
Calfbracfnn frvq<<>>ncy of thc in<icrumcnt chnnicl i~ divided into                       two groups.       These are as     folio~a:
system vill be operated innediately after the affected zones are isolated from the remainder of the secondary contai'nment to confirm its ability to ma in-tain the remainder of the secondary containment at 1/4-inch of uatcr negative prcssure under calm vind conditions.
: l. F  ssive type indfcatfng devfces chat can             be co~pared    with like units   on a continuous basis.
c;Foci movemcnt shall not be permitted in the reac-tor xone.d." primary containment integri:y maintained.
: 2. Vacuum tube       or semiconductor devices       an<I  detectors that     drift or lose   sensitivity.
Secondary containment integrity shall be ma)ntnlneJ in the re-fueling zone, except as'peci-fied in 3.7.'C.4.241 PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B 0  Honitoring vill be perfonre6 usinu standard accepted scnpling procc".urea ,vhich arc on file in the office of the Divi ion o.Forestry, Fisheries, and Mildli fe Development, Norris, Tennessee, Re ortinr Recuirencnt The results vill be su~arized annually'n the annual reports of the nonradiological environmental monitoring program.Ba"ea A significant proportion of the river flov vill be routed through the plant for cooling pu~nscs, end during periods vh n la>val fish axe abundant there is the potential'for entrairmcnt of large numbers of fisbes.The specified stuQ'ill detercLine the nv~bers of fish cr,.".s and lerva entrained in the cool>v", vater system resulting frow pl.at operation and identig the need for po" sible corrective action.(f)Fish i@pin enent on Intake Screens (Delete)
Experience with passfv= type fnstruoencs in generating stations and nub-statfons indicates that the specified calfbracfons are adequate. For those devices which criploy amplifiers, etc., drift speciEications call for drift to be less than 0.4X/month; i,c,, in che period of a month a difft of .4V. would occur acd thus providing Eor ad>>quat>> aargfa. Vor the Apg'f system drf ft of clcctronic apparatus fs not:he only considera-tion fn determining a calibration frequency. Ch.ngu .n power distribu-tion and loss of chac<ber sensftivity dictate a calibration every seven days. Calfbrar ion on this frequency assures plant operation at or below thermal if~its.'
PROPOSED CHANGES'TO UNIT 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SAFETY L Il lIT LIMITING SAFETY SYSTEM SETTING 1.1.FUEL CLADDING INTEGRITY 2 1 FUEL Cl ADDTNG INTEGRITY D.Shutdown Condition Whenever the reactor is in the shut'down condition , with irradia ted fuel in the reactor vessel, the water level shall not be less than 17.7 in.above the top of the normal active fuel zone.C.scram and isola-tion reactor low water level D.Scram--turbine stop valve closure E.Scram--turbine control valve 2 538 in above vessel zero 10 per-cent valve closure Fa st closure--Upon trip of the fast acting solenoid valves 2~Loss of con-trol oil'p.".es sure 550 psif G.H.Scram--low con>>denser vacuum Scram--main steam line isolation Main steam isola-tion valve closure--nuclear system low pressure Core spray and LPCI actuation--
coaparfson of Tables'4.1.A and 4.1.6 indicates that two instr~ant channels have not been included fn thc latter cable. These are: code switch in shutdow<i and cianual scram. All of the devices or sensors associated wfch these scram functions arc sf ~pie on-off switches and.
'reactor low water l.evel HPCI and RCIC actuation--reac-tor low water level I 23 inches Hg vacuUAl S 10 per-cent valve closure<825 psig)h 378 in.above vessel zero 070 in.above vessel zexo K.Hain steam isola-tion valve closure--reactor low water level 070 in.above vessel zero~13 TABLE 4+1~B REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM (SCRAN)INSTROHENT CALIBRATION HIHIKOH CALIBRATIOH PREQUE1CIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUMENT CHANNELS Instrument Channel IRK High Flux Group (1)Calibration Caaparison to APRlC on Control-led Shutdcwns (6)Hinimum Frequency (2)Note (4)APRH High Flux Output Signal~Flar Bias Signal LPRH Signal~B B B Heat Balance Calibrate Flnr Bias Signal (7)TIP System Traverse (8)Once every 7 days Once/operating cycle Every 1000 Effective Full Poser Hours High Reactor Pressure High Drywall Pressure Reactor tuw Hater Level High Hater Level in Sczam Discharge Vol~~Turbine Condenser Lov Vacuum Hain Steam Line Isolation Valve Closure Hain Steam Line High Radiation B Turbine First Stage Pressure Permissive h Turbine Control Valve-Loss of Oil pressure h Standard Pressure Source Standard Pressure Source Pressure Standard Note (5)Standard Vacuum Source I Note (5)Standard Current Source (3)Standard Pressure Source Standard Pressure Source Hots (5)Srery 3 Honths Ee'ezy 3 Honths Evezy 3 Honths~e (5)Every 3 lamths Mte (5}Every 3 Nouths Every 6 Honths&ace/operating cycle Note (5)
hence,,calfbratfon during operation fs noc sppl'cable, f.e., the swfcch f,'s  either   on or   off.
NOTf S FOR TABLE 4.1.8 lo A description of three groups is included in the bases of this specif ication.2.Calibrations arc not required when the systems azc not required to be operable or are tripped.If calibrations arc missed, they shall be performed prior to returning the system to an operable status.3, The current source provides an instrument channel alignment.
The     ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Power Density (MFLPD) to Fraction of Rated Power (FRP) shall be checked out once per day to determine if   the.APRM scram requires ad)ustment.               This will normally be done by checking the APED readings. Only a small number of control rods are moved daily 47
Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.4~Haximum frequency required is once per Meek.5.Physical inspecfion and actuation of these position switches will be performed once per operating cycle.6~On controlled shutdowns>overlap between the IRM'and APRM'wil 1 be verified.7.The Flow Bias Signal Calibration will consist of calibrating the sensors, flow convcrters, and signal offset networks during each operating cycle.The instrumentation is an analog type with redun-dant flow signals that can be compared.The flow comparator trip and upscale will be functionally tested according to Table 4.2..C to ensure the proper operating during the operating cycle.Refer to C'.1 Bases for further'explanation of calibration~
frequency.
8.A complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the process computer.The individual LPRM meter readines will be adjusted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100K power.$0 The frequency of calibration of the APRN Flow Biasing Network has been established as each refueling outage.There are several i,nstruments which must be calibrated and it will take several hours to perform the calibration of the entire netw'ork.awhile the calihration is beinq performed, a zero flow signal will be sent to half of the APRH's resultinq in a half scram and rod block condition.
Thu's, if the calibration were performed during operati'on, flux shaping would not be possible.Based on experience at other qenerating stations, drift of instruments, such as those in the Flow Biasing Network, is not significant and therefore, to avoid spurious scrams a cal'ibration frequency of each refueling outage is established.
Group (C)devices are active only during a given portion of the operational cycle.For example, the IRM is active during startup and inactive during full-power operation.
Thus, the only test that is meaningful is the one performed gust prior to shutdown or startup;i.e., the tests that are performed gust prior to use of the instrument.
Calibration frequency of the instrument channel is divided into two groups.These are as followss 1.Passive type indicating devices that can be compared with'like units on a continuous basis.2~vacuum tube or semiconductor devices and detectors that drift or lose sensitivity.
Experience with passive type instruments in generating stations and substations indicates that thespecified calibrations are adequate.For those devices which employ amplifiers, etc.~drift specifications call for drift to be less than 0.4%/month; i.e., in the period of a month a drift of.4%would occur and thus providing for adequate margin.For the APRM system drift of electronic apparatus is not the only consideration in determining a calibration frequency.
Change in power distribution.and loss of chamber sensitivity dictate a calibration every seven days.Calibration on this frequency assures plant operation at or below thermal limits.A comparison of Table 4.1.A and 4.1~B indicates that two instrument channels have not been included in the latter table.These are: mode switch in shutdown and manual scram.A11 of the devices or sensors associated with these scram functions are simple on-off switches and, hence, calibration during operation is not applicable, i.e., the switch is either on or off.The ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Power Density (CMFLPD)to Fraction of Bated Po~er (FRP)shall be'checked out once per day to determine if the APRM scram requires ad)ustment.
his will normally be done by checking the APRH readings.Only a small number of control rods are moved daily during steady>>state operation and thus the ratio is not expected to change signi.icantly, 46
'r The sensitivity of LPBM detectors decreases with exposure to neutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate.The APRM system, which uses the LPRM readings to detect a change in thermal power, will be calibrated eVery seven days using a heat balance to compensate'for this'change in sensitivity.
The RBM'system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power.It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal oower and therefore any change in LPRM sensitivity is compensated for by the APRM calibration.
The technical specification limits of CNFLPD, CPF., MAPLIIGR and R ratio are determined by the use of the process computer or other backup methods.These methods use LPR"!readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.
Compensation in the process computer for changes in LPRM sensitivity will be made by performing a full core'Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated LPRM correction factors every lOW effective full power h'ours.As a minimum the individual LPRM meter readings will be ad]usted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent power.
\LIMITING CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS 3~3 CTIVITY CONTROL I~3 REACTIVITY CONTROL C.Scram Insertion Times 1.The average scram insertion time, based on the deenergization of the scram pilot valve solenoids,as time zero, of all inoperable control rods in the reactor power operation condition shall be no greater A than: 5 20 50 90 0.375 0.90 2~0 3'2.The average of the scram insertion times for the three fastest operable control rods of all groups of four~control rods in a two-by-two array shall be'no greater than:%Inserted From Avg.Scram Inser-5 0~398 20 0.950 50 2 120 90 3.800 3.The maximum scram insertion time for.90%insertion of any operable control rod shall not exceed F 00.seconds.%Inserted From Avg.Scram Inser-C.Scram Insertion Times l.After each refueling outage all operable rods shall be scram time tested from the fully withdrawn position with the nuclear system pressure above 800 psig This testing shall be completed prior to exceeding 40$power.Below 20$power, only rods in those~sequences (A12 and A34 or B12 and B34)which were fully with-drawn in the region from 100$rod density to 504 rod density shall be scram time tested.The sequence restraints imposed upon the control rods in the 100-50 percent rod density groups to the preset power level may be removed by use of the indi-vidual bypass switches associdted with those control rods which are fully ot partially withdrawn and are not within the 100-50 percent rod density groups.Xn order to bypass a rod, the actual rod axial position.must be known;and the rod must be in the correct in-sequence position, 2.At 16 week intervals, 10$of the operab'e control tod drives shall be scram timed above 800 psig.ttlhenever such scram time measurements are made, an evaluation shall be made to provide reasonable assurance that proper control rod drive performance is being maintained.
;6~128 Unit 3 LIHITZNG COVDZTIGNS FOR OPERATZO>i SURVEZLLAHCE REqUZREMZNTS 3e7 COW'AX%i..NT S STEM,S 4e 7 CONGA.XN!-'.P.NT SYSTEMS C'e Secondar Containment 0~Secondary ccntainment integrity shall be maintained in the reactor zone at all times erce"t as specified in 3.7.C.2.Co I Secondar Containment I 1~Secondary containment surveys,llance shall be'erformed as indicated belo~:
~LIMITINC CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION SgRVQILLANCE REQUIRENENTS 3~7 COhTA ANENT SYSTEMS 4 7 OtZM NHKNT S ST MS 2.If reactor.zone secondary containment integrity cannot be maintained the following conditions shall be met: a.The reactor.shall be made subcritical and Speci f ication 3.3.h shall be mete b.The reactor shall be cooled down belov 2124F and the reactor coolant system vented.Secondary containment capability to maintain 1/4 inch of water vacuum under calm wind (<5 mph)conditions
>vith a system inleakage rate of not more than 12 F 000 cfm, shall be'emcnstrated at each refueling outage prior to refuelinq.
2.After a seccndary containment vio1ation is determined the standby gas treatment'system vill be operated in mediately after the affected zones are isolated from the remainder of the secondary containment to confirm its agility to maintain the remainder of the secondary containment at 1/4-inch of water negative pressure under calm vind conditions.
c~Fuel movement shall not be permitted in the reactor zone.d.Primary con ta inment integrity'aintained.
4 PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B
-17 Monitoring uill be performed usinu standard accepted smpling procc".urea vhich arc on file in the office, of the Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Mildli.e Development, Norris, Tennessee.
.Re ortinr Becuiremcnt The rerults vill be su~ari:zed annually in the annual reports of the nonradiological environmental monitoring program.Baoes A significant proportion of the river floe vill be routed through the plant for cooling purposes, end during perioas when larval fish are abundan there is the potential'for entrainment of large nunbers of'ishes.The specified study vill determine the numbers of fish cr,.".s and larvae entrained in the cooler"~eater systen resulting from pl.at operation and identiQ tt:e need for po"sible corrective action.(f)Fish imnin enent on Xntake Screens (Delete)
ENCLOSURE 2 REASONS AND JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PROPOSED CHANGES TO BROWNS PERRY NUCLEAR PLANT UNITS 1, 2, AND 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS UNIT 1 A endix A Page ll, Sections,2.1.
J add 2.1.K: Proposed changes to these setpoints from+490 inches to 4470 inches.This was omitted in an amendment approved by NRC on August 2, 1978, concerning low water level setpoints.
Pages 40, 41, 47, and 48: These proposed changes consist of adding an explanatory note to Table 4.1.B, changing LPRM to APRM in 4.1 Bases, and changing 4.1 Bases for clarification of LPRM-APRM requirements.
The purpose of these changes is to correct previous typographical errors and to clarify calibration requirements.
Page 124, Section 4.3.C.l: The proposed change allows post refuel outage control rod drive scram timing to be conducted in parallel with the vessel hydrostatic leak test, thus saving about one day in the startup test sequence.The reduction in required test pressure from 9SO psig to 800 psig is conservative in that the scram performance (insert speed)generally decreases accordingly.
As can be seen from the attached figure (Attachment 1)which specifies a maximum-minimum scram performance band, the scram time change is insignificant over the desired pressure reduction.
The data presented in the attached figure is only applicable to single CRD scrams with charging valve closed or full reactor scram with changing valve open.Scram time is the time from lode og voltage to scram air pilot valves to 90 percent insertion.
This data was obtained from General Electric startup test procedures which is a part of the Browns-Ferry RTI5.


~Aendix A continued Pages 240, 241: Proposed to delete section 4.7.C.la from the technical.
  ~ ~ ~
specifications and to reletter the remaining paragraph from b to a.This specification is no longer applicable to Browlls Perry as all preoperational tests are completed and the requirement to test secondary containment integrity once per cycle is specified in 4.7.C-lb to become 4.7.C-la.~Aenddx B Page 17: See Attachment 2 UHXB 2~Aendix A Page ll,'Sections 2.1.J and 2.1.K: Same as unit 1 above Pages 40, 41, 47, and 48: Same as unit 1 above Page 124, Section 4.3.C.1: Same as unit 1 above Pages 240, 241: Same as unit 1 above~Aendix B Page 17: See Attachment 2
4~1  BASF.S during steady-state,opera'tion"and    thus the  .ratio is not expected to change significantly.
The  sensitivity of LPRM detectors decreases with exposure to'eutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate. The APR'I system, which uses the LPRM readings to detect a change in thermal power, will be calibrated every seven'days using a heat balance to compensate for this change in sensi:tivity. The RBM system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power.       It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal gower and therefore any change in LPRM sensitivity is comoensated for'y the APRM calibration. The technical specification limits of CHFLPD, CPF.,
MAPLIIGR and R ratio are determined by the use of the orocess computer or other backup methods. These methods use        LPR'.! readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.
Compensation  in the process    computer  for changes    in  LPRH sensitivity will be  made by  performing  a  full core  Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated    LPRH  correction f"ctors every 1000 effective full
'          power hours.
As a minimum  the individual LPRH meter readings will be adjusted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent oower.


UNIT 3~Aendix A Page 13, Sections 2.1eJ and 2.1.K: Same as page 11 for unit 1 above Page 39, 40, 46, and 47: Same as pages 40, 41, 47, and 48 for unit 1 above Page 128, Section 4.3.C.l: Same as page 124 for unit 1 above Pages 251,'52: Same as pages 240, 241 for unit 1 above~Aendix B Page 17: See Attachment 2
      '[nti CAiMO LT KOi<S FOR OPEPuXT iO,'4      .SURVRiLLAhCF. RE UIRQK!iTS 3 3  K Control Rods                                4 3 8  l'oncrol  Rods 4, Control rods shall noc be                              Mhen required, Cha presence withdrawn for starcup or                          of ~ second 1iceasel refueling unless ac least                                                operates'o verify the followiag ot cuo.source range channels                          the correct rod prograa shally have an observed count race                      be verified equal to or greater chan
~~~I',~.I I I~~I~~s~I~I I s~~C~~~s~t I~'l I~CJ I s I i~r~~I s I~~~~~s t~~~t~I~i~~!I s~~~s I~I~'I~I t~I s~I s I I'I~I t I i;I I~-I s~I I~~~~I~t~~~t t s~ll I~~I s s,~s~s~C I~I s~~~I I I I I,~~~~l s~*'~~~I"-'S 7RDSl Oi E CE'tJ d-7RD RFO 4A2 a RVE'F 144B1 QS EL R MOD-G~rs C oO:,~.4W.i od I,~I't~r~--~I--I s I~~~~W~~I~I" I'C=~I~I s~~I l I i~I I~I~~I g-C-~s&-I-Q~I.~s~i~s ATTACHMENT 2 ,~JUSTXFICATIOH POR PROPOSED ETS CHANGE The attached report vas submitted to EPA on February 13, 1978, as a portion of TVA's 316(b)demonstration.
                ~
The assessment of the effect of impingement of fish on the intake screens at Browns Perry Nuclear Plant provides the)ustif5cation for the proposed technical specification change.In sununary, the assessment concludes that impingement on the Brows Perry intake has no significant adverse effect on the fisheries resource of Wheeler Reservoir.  
thrae counts per second'.              4. Prior co control rod vithdraMal for acarcup or during refueling, 5..During opcracion        Mich                      verify chac at lease tMo source 1  i<<icing cont ra 1 rod pa c-                'ange channels have ao observed.
carns, as dccermined by the                  counc race of at least three designated qualified person-                   counts per second.                          C nel, either:
: a. Noth R8H channels    shall        5. Mhen a   limiting control rod be operable:                             pattern exists, an insceceant or                                      functional test of the RN shall be performed prior to b~   Control rod vichdraMal                  vichdraval of the designated shall be blocked.                        rod(s) and at least, once per 24 hours thereafter.
C. Scram      Insertion Times 1.After each -refueling outage all operable rods shall be scram time~
tested from the fully vithdrawn position vith the nuclear system pressure above      800  psig This Insertion  Times testing shall be co<<pleted prior to C. Scram                                              exceeding 40X pover. Belov 20X l,   The average scram insertion pover, only. rods in those sequences Cine, baaed on the deenergi-                (A12 and A34 .or B12 and B ) vhich zacion of the scran pilot valve            vere fully withdrawn in th$ region aolenoids as tire zero, of all              from 100X rod density to 50X rod operable control rods in the                density shall be scram time tested.
reactor power opera c ion condi            The sequence      restraints            imposed upon Cion shall bc no greater than:              the control rods in the 100-50 percent rod density groups to the X  Xnsortad Froo          Avg. Scram    Inser-        preset pover level may be removed Full    Mithdrcun          tion Tines      sec          by use of the individual bypass switches associated vith those .
5                      0.375                control rods vhich are fully or 20                      0,90                  partially vithdravn and are not 50                      2.0                  vithin the 100-50 percent rod density 90                      3. 500                groups. In order to bypass a rod, the actual rod axial position must be knovn; and the rod <<ust be in the correct in-sequence position.
124


EFFECTS OF IMPINGEHENT AT BROWNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT ON THE POPULATIONS OP PISH IN WHEELER RESERVOIR January 1978 Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife Development Fisheries and Waterfowl Resources Branch INTRODWCTrnN The Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant is TVA's largest aperatlng steam sle>>I rl<llenor&#xb9;l lng pl>>bi, h~vlnll&#xb9;threr>>>>IL d&#xb9;&#xb9;lgn c&#xb9;pni'lly of j,456 megawatts (MW).The plant l,s located on the north bank of Wheeler Reservoir in north central Alabama at Tennessee River Mile 294.4.Initial criticality of units 1, 2, and 3 vere as follows: unit 1-August 16, 1973, unit 2-July 20, 1974, and unit 3>>August 8, 1976.Between March 27, 1975, and August 31, 1976, no electricity was produced due to an outage caused by a fire.During this time a reduced flov of water was pumped through the cooling water intake.Impingement monitoring vas continued uninterrupted from February 1974 through December 1977.It is currently being continued as part of the require-ments of the operating license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and in accordance vith the format described in the environmental technical specifications for Brovns Ferry.Descri tion of the Coolin Water Intake and Pum in Station The cooling water intake at Browne Ferry consists of a shoreline skimmer wall, an intake channel, a cooling vater return channel, and a concrete pumping station located at the end of the intake channel (Figure 1).Water passes through three openings in the skimmer wall.Each opening is 12.2 m wide and 7.3 m deep.The tops of the openings are located 3 m below normal maximum pool elevation.
a' Whsga~
The intake channel is 150 m long from the skimmer vali to the pumping station.At normal maximum pool the water depth slang a 6.1 m vide area in the middle of the channel is 10.1 m.From there the sides of the channel slope at a 3:1 ratio.Directly in front of the pumping station the bottom slopes dawn D O'L." L Alt L'O>>*C-~?.0 J lg C'-.-.-=:--.~:"'.jp'f4 C+>>4'I-o kr-tf g'rP''L 8~~~r v.~~1'I%~LW~V r'L~+', V-ci~Q t PD, fi'Q~'pure l..":er='al;"ev of Brovns.='err@H'lear Plant h~t.tK F 0 ttt
      'a 0


.g~C p-:q~re l.her'al V'ev of Brovns Per".y ti."lear PLant t, an additional 1.5 m to the bottom of the intake opening, resulting in a maximum depth of 11.6 m at the intake screen at normal maximum pool.The cooling tower return channel enters the left side (facing the I pumping station)of the intake channel (Figure 1).Pish movement up the cooling tower return channel is precluded by a concrete wall located several hundred meters upstream from the intake channel.The 70.7 m long pumping station contains nine cooling water circulator pumps (three per unit)and 18 vertical traveling screens.Each pump'contributes 13.9 m sec for a total three-unit condenser and auxiliary demand of 124.9 m sec 3-1 3-1 (1.98 million gallons per minute).Each of the endless-belt vertical traveling screens is housed in a.I separate intake screen well measuring 2.6 m wide (inside dimensions).
Unit  1 l,wIviir. Cn~nivlnns  Fnli sprat TIOU            SURVFII.La&#xc3;CF RE~UIM ~FMTS 3.7.C  Secondary Containment 4.I.c    Secondar  Containment
The trashrack opening for each intake well measures 1.6 m wide by 7.3 m high.The screen panels are 2.3 m wide and support a square mesh steel screen having 9.5 mm (3/8")openings.At 9.8 m of water depth in the intake well, each 3-1 screen is designed to piss 6.9 m sec (110,000 gpm)through a clean surface at-1 a velocity of 61.0 cm sec (2.0 fps).The screens are cleaned either on a regular basis (such as shift changes or daily)or after a maximum pressure differential develops across the screens due to clogging.The long impingement time for fish in addition to exposure to the high pressure spray system during the cleaning process results in essentially 100 percent mortality of impinged fish.METHODS Two procedures for estimating impingement were used during the monitoring period.From March 1974 through July 1976 the following method was employed: expansion factors were calculated every two months (or less) for each screen by counting from each screen in use all fish impinged during four consecutive 12-hour (day/night) periods.An expansion factor for each screen vas calculated simply by dividing the total fish for all screens by the total for each screen.These expansion factors vere employed in subsequent impingement counts to estimate total impingement on all screens from a count of fish from one test screen.Three times per week all fish impinged on the test screen (or alternate screen)vere counted.To estimate'the total impinge-ment for all screens, the expansion factor for that screen vas multiplied by the number of each species impinged on the test screen.If one or more pumps were not in operation, a correction formula vas used to adjust the total estimated number impinged.Revision'-of the environmental technical specifications in September 1976 changed these impingement monitoring procedures.
: 1. Sc condnry containment intc;                .1 ~
Coincident vith the startup of Unit 3, this revision required a direct count o!fish from each screen during one 24-hour period each veek.Test Procedures Twenty-four hours prior to each impingement count, all screens vere simultaneously rotated and vashed to remove impinged trash and fish.The screens were then stopped for a 24-hour test period.The test screen (in early tests)or each screen in operation (in later tests)vas'vashed individually after, the 24-hour test period.The fish vere collected in a large basket at the end of the screen wash water sluice conduit.These fish vere then sorted into species by 25 mm total length increments.
I Secondary containment surveil-durity shall be maintained in                     lance shall be perfoaaed as the reactor aonc" at all times                  indicated helot:
The number and total veight (gm)for each size class vere recorded for each species.When excessive fish precluded a direct count of all fish, subsampling within species was conducted.
except as apccf(iud in 3.7.C.2.
All impinged fish, including those impinged during sampling days as veil as during days of I routine screen cleaning, vere deposited in a sanitary landf'ill.
240
Cooli Mater Intake Velocities Intake~ster velocities were measured on May 18, 1977, during operation of all nine condenser circulating pumps.The average velocity through the three skimmer wall openings was 29.6 cm sec 1, 28.0 cm sec 1 and 32.0 cm"ec".Overall, individual measurements ranged from 7.0 to 50.0 cm sec.The mean cross section intake channel velocity 100 m upstream-1 of the pumping station was 38.4 cm sec.Velocities ranged from 27.0 to-1 48.0 cm sec.Seventy-five velocity measurements taken 1 m in front of the 18 trashracks averaged 36.6 cm sec and ranged from 18.0 to 50.0 cm sec 1.Numerical Anal sis For analyzing and comparing the impingement data, three distinct 12-month periods were identified.
These are based on the level of plant operation.
The first operational period extended from March 27, 1974, shortly after impingement monitoring was initiated, until March 27, 1975, when fire interrupted plant operation.
This period included Unit 1 operation from March 27, 1974-August 27, 1974, and Units 1 and 2 operation from August 28, 1974-March 27, 1975.The average number of pumps in use on the sampling days was 4.6.The second period included the first 12 months of no electric generation following the fire.During this time a reduced water flow was pumped through the intake.The average number of pumps in use was 2.4.The third operational period represented the first 12 months of normal operation after the fire.During this period all three units were placed in operation, with an average of 7.2 pumps in operation.
on sampling days~An estimate of total impingement for these three 12~nth periods was obtained by calculating averages of daily (24-hour)impingement as determined by either of the two procedures described above.Average daily estimates for each species were then multiplied by the number of days.in each period.Differences in total observed impingement (all speciea combined)between intake screens were examined for each level of plant operation using the Kruskal-Wallis procedure (Hollander and Wolfe 1973).Only those samples in which counts were obtained from all screens (6, 12, or 18 for 1 e 2~or 3 unit operation, respectively) were used in the statistical procedure.
Multiple comparisons of impingement by sc'reen were made using a nonparametric procedure based on Kruskal-Wallis ranks (Hollander and Wolfe 1973).All test statistics were examined for significance at the a 0.05 level.These data were also examined graphically by plotting the pooled proportion impinged on each screen for each operational period.'I Differences between day (0600-1800 hours)and night (1800-0600 hours)impingement were examined for each species for which total observed impingement (all day/night test periods combined)was equal to or greater than 1,000 individuals.
A replicated goodness-of-fit procedure using the G statistic (an alternative statistic of the more common X)was used to test the null hypothesis 2'hat the proportion impinged during the day was equal (0.50)to impingement during the night (Sokal and Rohlf 1969).Test statistics were examined for significance at the a 0.05 level.For each species examined, the pooled proportion impinged during the day and night periods was presented graphically.
/Size distribution of impinged fish was examined for: skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie, sauger, and freshwater drum.For each of the 12 species, a frequency histogram (percentage) of length class was prepared summarizing all available size information collected from March 1974 to August 1977.The determination of possible adverse impact by impingement was facilitated by the comparison of estimated 12-month impingement for selected species with numerical standing stock information for the same species derived from cove rotenone data.Within each operational period, those species were selected which showed estimated 12-month impingement
~365 (one individual per day).For each operational period, standing stock information for corre-sponding summer months was expanded to a total number for Wheeler Reservoir.
This total number was calculated by multiplying the mean number per hectare by the total surface area of the reservoir.
For each species, this expansion was performed separately for both young-of-year (based on length class)and all I size classes combined.Estimated number impinged for each species was then divided by total and young-of-year standing stock estimates for Wheeler Reservoir, resulting in an estimated proportion (expressed as percent)for each length class removed by impingement (referred to as relative impingement in this report)at the intake of Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant.This method of estimating impact on reservoir populations has one primary limitation--the assumption that for each species in question, cove rotenone data accurately estimate reservoir standing stock.
ggy<']s<<j JpQ-gL<<Ppl<~<<III I<<<<~<<<<s IL I<<I<I<<<<I<<g<I<8 I<<<I<I<<II<<<<<e<<I<<<<<<<I I<<<I<<g I<<<<I<<<I H<<I<I<I J/4 A<<II<<s I I l I/12 species were<:ol.lected (Table l).During summer cove samples taken in 1974-i977, 60 species" were collected from a total of 15 cove-samples collected in Wheeler Reservoir.
Of the species collected from the intake screens, four represented 95.8 percent of the total'observed impingement.
These were threadfin shad (76.5 percent), gizzard shad (12.3 percent), freshwater drum (4.3 percent), skip)ack herring (2.7 percent)and were the only species which individually represented more than 1 percent of the total observed impingement.
In cove samples nine species each exceeded 1 percent of the total numerical standing stock for all three years combined: threadfin shad (37.1 percent), gizzard shad (28.0 percent), bluegill (16.8 percent), longear sunfish (6.4 percent), redear sunfish (1.6 percent), bullhead minnow (1.4 percent), logperch (1.4 percent), warmouth (1.3 percent), and freshwater drum (1.0 percent).None of the species impinged is currently classified as"threatened" or"endangered." Estimated Total I in ement During the first operational period, March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975, an estimated 5.26 million fish of 50 species were impinged (Table 2).Four species (skipgack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and freshwater drum)comprised 97.7 percent of the total.Thirteen additional species exceeded an estimated 1,000 individuals impinged during the 12-month periodincluding silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, blue catfish, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie, logperch, and sauger.During the 12 months which followed the fire at Browne Ferry (second operational period), the total estimated number impinged dropped from the


Table l.Species list and percent of total for all fish collected from the Browne Ferry intake screens during the monitoring period March 1974-August 1977 and all species collected in 15 cove rotenone samples collected in Wheeler Reservoir in 1974N 1975, 1976, and 1977.Common Name Scientific Name Percent, Composition (Impinged)
lP t
Percent Composition (Cove)'hestnut lamprey Paddlefioh, Spotted gar Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skipjack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Rainbov trout Mooneye Grass pickerel Chafn pickerel Stoneroller Goldfish Carp Speckled chub Silver chub River chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner.Ghost shiner Common shiner Striped shiner'osyface shiner Spotfin shiner~Pol odon~sschula~Le isoeteus oculatus~Le isosteus osseus~Le isosteus platostomus Deepsome~ce edianum Doroooms Hetenenss Helmo Helrdnari Hiodon~ter isus Esox americanus vermiculatus Rv<ix~i, sr~Cem ostoma enema'lum Carassius auratus~trdnus~car io~mbo sis aesciualis
%14t  'I 0
~mba sie storerisna Nocomis~micro o an~Notami onus~cr soleucss~Nocto is athetinoides
~motto is buchenani~Nocto is cornutus~Notxo ia rubellus~Nocto is~silo cerus<0.01<0.Ol<0.Ol<0.Ol<0.01 2.72 12.30 76.49<0.01 0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 0.02<0.Ol 0.23 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.01 NI" NI<0.01<0.01 NC NC 0.02<O.01 NC 0.16 27.95 37.08 NC NC NC NC 0,01 NC 0.01 NC 0.27 NC O.OS L" a 0.10 t NC 0.01<0.Ol NC 0.02 Table 1.(Continued) 10 Common Name Scientific Name Percent Composition (Impinged)
Percent Composition (Cove)M;;min shiner Steelcolor shiner Bluntnose minnow Fathead minnow.Bullhead minnow Blacknose dace Longnose dace River carpsucker quillback Highfin carpsucker Northern hogsucker Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo t Black buffalo Spotted sucker Silver redhorse River redhorse Shorthead redhorse Black redhorse Golden redhorse Blue catfish Black bullhead Yellow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel, catfish Slender madtom v Flathead catfish Blackstripe topminnow Blackspotted topminnow Mosquitofish Brook silverside
~Notre is vhlucellus
~Notre ie~vhi le1~Pine hales notatue~PIns hales Hronelas~Pine hales~vt 1lsx~Rhtnichth s atratulus~Rhtnichth s cetaractae
~Car iodee~car io~Car iodes~crtuus~Csr iodes veliier~Henteliun
~ni ricans Ictiobus bubalus Ictiohue~crknellus Ictiobus~ni er~MIn treaa~nelson s Moxostoma anisurum Moxostoma carinatum Moxostocn~du uesnei Moxostona errthrurnn Ictalurus furcatus Ictalurus melas Ictalurus natalis Ictalurus nebulosus Ictalurua punctatus Noturus exilie~Plodtctie olivarie Fundulus notatus Fundulus olivace<<s Gambusia affinis Labidesthes sicculus<0.01 NI NI<0.01 0.02<<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 0.01<<0.01<0.01 0.07<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 0.08 0.02<0.01 0.01 0.39 0.03 NI<0.01<0.01<0.01 0.04 0.01 NG<O.01 1.38 NC<0.01 NC NC<0.01 0.09<0.01<0.01/0.92 0.02<0.01<0.01<0.Ol, 0.11<0.01<0.01 NC NC 0.13<0.01 0.05 0.02 0.11 0.03 0.10 Table I, (Continuod)
Common Name Scientific Name Porcnnt Prrr~nt Composition Composition (Impinged)(Cove)White bass Yellow bass Striped base Rock bass Redbreast sunfish Green sunfish Wnrmouth-Orangespotted sunfish Blue'ill Morone chrh~eo e Morone ctaste~st'anais Horonc onxatIl In Am~bio Platen r~u>>strip~ta osis naritus~te o is~ccnellus~Le o ta guineas~Le oats huetlls~Le oats aacrouhirus 0.55 0.92<0.01<0.01<0.01 0.33 0.Ol<0.01 0.72 0.12 0.3&NC<0.01 HC 0.40 1.29 0.20 16.78 Longenr sunfish Redenr sunfish L~eoels a~enlatts I~eomis micro 1 o~hue 0.08 0.24 6s37 1.84 Spotted sunfish Smnllmouth bass Spotted bees Largemouth bass White crappie Blnck rrnppi>>Fantail darter Stripetnil darter Redline darter Yellow perch Logperch Dusky darter River darter Souger Walleye Freshwater drum~Le oats punctntue Mt~era terus dolanieut~Mtcro rerun Munctulatus Micro terus ealaoides Pomoxlo nnnulnris Pomox to n t~romnculntus 8th>>ootomn flnbellave Etheootomn kennicotti Htheostoma rufilineatum Perca flavescene Perctrs~ca rodes Porc lna eciera Perr.lna ohumnrdi Stizootedion canadense St izoo ted ion vi treum vit reum A~lodtnotus Mrunuteca<0.01<0.01 0.01 0.02 0.11 0.01 NI NI NI NI 0.04<0.01<0.01 0.05<0.01 4.34 NC 0.21 0.16 0.60 0.11 r0.01 0.04 0.12<Oe01<0.01 1.39<0;01 0.03 0.13 NC I'.02 I., Not collected in rotenone nnmplrdd.Not observed in impingement snmplee'.
LL Table 2 Estimated total number of all fish impinged at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant between March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975 TLxb Total Estimated Number Impinged i'150 Samples'Total Eat (mated Number lmpf nged Lamprey Chestnut lamprey Psddlefish Spotted gar Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skipgack herring Gizzard shad Thresdfin shad Dol'osoela sp Mooneye Goldfish Carp Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Bluntnose minnow Fathead minnow River csrpsucker Quillback Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo , Spotted sucker Redhorse sucker Catfish Blue catfish Black bullhead Yell'ow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish 10 69 66 90,807 75,440 1,824,188 48,937 179 91 85 3,553 271 1>269 2 22 3 5 105 431 6 1>641 366 14 1 8>924 209 24 5 168 160 27 5 220,964 183,571 4>438,857 119,080 437 221 207 8,646 660 3>OSS 5 53 7 12 255 1,049 14 2 3,993 892 33 2 21,716 508 Table 2~(Continued)
Taxa Total Estimated Number Impinged In 150 samples Total Estimated Number Impinged Nosquitofish White bass Yellov bass Striped bass Rock bass Redbreast sunfish Green sunfish Warmouth Orangespotted sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Smallmouth bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Darter Sauger Walleye Preshwater drum Total 6 5,805 5, 940 21 3 4,173 160 7,214~150 3,250 10 24 136 3,216 27 927 1 1,516 16 73 766 2>163>098 14 14,126 14;453 51 10,154 390 57 17.556 366 7,910 25 59 332 7,826 67 2,256 2 3>690 39 179 501 5,263,546 14 preceding period to 2.69 million fish of 52 species (Table 3).The three clupeids (gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and skip)ack herring)and!reshvatsr drum comprised 9&.2 percent of all fish collected.
Seventeen additional species that exceeded an estimated 1,000 individuals for the 12-month period were carp, silver chub, emerald shiner, ghost shiner, spotted sucker, blue catfish, black bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, vhite bass, yellov bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, vhite crappie, logperch, and sauger.During the third operational period of three-unit operation, (September 1, 1976<<August 31, 1977)an estimated 6.67 million fish representing 61 species vere impinged (Table 4).During this period, the three clupeids and freshvater drum were again dominant and comprised 94.6 percent of the total, vhile 19 additional speciea vere each estimated to have been impinged in total numbers exceeding 1,000 each.These species vere silver chub, golden shiner, emerald shiner, bullhead minnow, spotted sucker, blue catfish, brovn bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, vhite base, yellov bass, green sunfish, bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, largemouth bass, vhite crappie, logperch, and sauger.P Estimated total weight of each species impinged was also calculated.
for samples collected during the third operational period (Table 4).Total weight estimated for all fish impinged during this period vas 63 metric tons.Seasonal Patterns of Im in ament Figure 2 depicts the total impingement estimated by month for the period March 1974-August 1977.Clupeids showed a consistent pattern of lowest impingement in May or June.Impingement vas usually highest from December through March.An exception was 1976-1977 when clupeid impingement peaked during September-October.


15 Table 3.Estimated total number of all fish impinged at Brovns Perry Nuclear Plant betveen March 27, 1975-March 26, 1976.Taxa Lamprey Paddlefish Spotted gar Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skip)ack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Mooneye Grass pickerel Goldfish Carp Silver chub River chub Golden shiner Ps~sss s sp.Cmefdid shiner Ghost shiner Spotfin shiner Bluntnose minnov Pathead minnov Bullhead minnov Blacknose dace River carpsucker illback Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Black buffalo Spotted sucker Redhorse sucker Total Estimated Number Impinged.In 152 samples 13 41,011 142,578 793,013 144 471 2,703 2 161 922 608 13 303 5 ll 2 332 16 1,320 47 Total Estimated Number Impinged 23 15 481 21 31 98,751 343,312 1,909,492 346 17 14134 64509 6 388 2,200 1,464 20 11 32 730 ll 25 4 800 3,178 114 16 Table 3.(Continued).
4 ~ 7.C Seconisr I Containment
Taxa Blue catfish Black bullhead Yellow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Y~llw hs<S Green sunfish Warmouth Orangespotted sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Smallmouth bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Barter Sauger Freshwater drum Total Total gstimated Number Impinged In 152 samples 1,029 493 54 4,749 436 5,569 I$,n')s 1~294 103 3,913 188 1,064 3 328 234 2,075 15 702 767 97,140 1,116,545 Total Estimated Number Impinged 2,476 1~187 129 15 11,435 1,050 j3,408 3oll5 248 19 9'23 452 2'61 8 791 564 4,996 37 1,690 5 1,846 2331902 2e688e498 Table 4~Estimated t.ot al numb@i and Meight of all fish species impinged at Srowns Perry Nuclear Plant between September 1976-August 1977.Estimates are ba'sed on 54 24-hour samples collected at one-Meek intervals.
: a. Secondary containment capa-bility tomaintaim    1/4 inch o vater  vacuum under calm Mtn'
Taxa Total Est.Number Total Wt.(kg)Impinged In Impinged In 54 sam lea 54 aam les Total Pst.No.Total Est.Wt.(kg)Ttmfn6ad~le ingate'hestnut lamprey Paddlefish Spotted gsr Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skipgack herring Gixenr<l Hhad Threadfin shad Mooneye Chnin pickerel Stoneroller Goldfish Carp Speckled chub Silver chub Hfver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Ghost shiner Mimic shiner Bullhead minnow Longnose dace Quillback Northern hog sucker Smallmourh buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Spotted sucker Silver redhorse Shorthead redhorse Black redhorse Golden redhorse 12 19 16,346 200,305 68'>,769 97 36 10 l,115 817 1,184 10 33 182 125 1,094, 15 19 0.61 0.21 10.93 0.85 4.94 171.35 4,235.89 2,189.22 15.95 l.36.03 8.83 5.03 0.08 24.42 0.)2 16.83 7.84 0.02 0,06 1.90 0.01 0.11 0'4 48.95 2.24 69.33 5.94 0.60 2.11 8.22 81 14 128 74 110,487 1,353.913 4.635,290 656 14 243 68 27 7,537 5,522 8,003 68 223 1,230 74 14 845 34 7,395 101 37 128 4.10 1.45 73.85 5.73 33.38 1,158.23 28,631.50 14,797.49 107.78 9.21 0.20 59.66 34.00 n.5>)65.07 0.72 113.78 53.01 0.16 0.41 12.82 0.05 0.75 3.63 330.86 15.13 468.61 40.16 4.04 14.27 55.55
                                                              + 5 mph) conditions Mith s system inleafcage    tate o f not more than 12,000 cfm, shall  be  demonstrated  at each  refueling outage prior to refueling.
: 2. If reactor    zone secondary  con-1
: 2. After a secondary containment tainment integrity cannot be                        violation is determined the maintained the folloving con-                       standby gas treatment system ditions shall be met:                                vill be  operated inanedisteiy after the affected zones are isolated from the remainder of
: a. The  reactor shall bc made                      the secondary containment to aubcrit ical and Specif ica-                    confirm  its  abil'y  to main<<
tion 3.3,A shall be mer..                       tain  the remainder of the secondary containment at 1/4-
: b. The  reactor shall    be  cooled              inch of Mater negative prcssure dovn beloM 212'F and the                        under calm Mind conditions.
reactor coolant system vented.
c;  Fuel movemcnt shall not bc  permitted in the reac-tor  zone.
: d. Primary containment    'ntegri:y ma inta i ned .
3, Secondary    containment integrity shall be mslntnlned in the re-fueling zone, except as speci-fied in 3.).C.4.
24)


Table 4.(Continued) 18 Taxs Total Est.Number Total Est.Wt.(kg)Total Est.No.Total Est.Wt.(kg)
0 PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT' TECHNICAL SPECIPICATIONS APPENDIX B
Impinged In Impinged In Impinged Impinged 54 samples 54 samples Blue catfish Black bullhead Yellow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish Black Spotted topminnow Brook silverside Rnite bass Yellow bass Striped bass Rock bass Green sunfish Warmouth Orangespotted sunfish Bluegill sunfish Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Spotted sunfish Smallmouth bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Black grapple Logperch Dusky darter River darter Sauges,'Walleye Freshwater drum 379 88 263 3,657 328 7,498 9>913 30 5,801 58 12,572 1,374 4,087 1 47 50 262 1,003 86 256 7 375 3 31 924 987,310 33.79 1.80 0.08 16.01 175.22 9.91<0.01<0.01 131.19 234.08 2.26 0.04 40~54 1.26 0.03 285.70 10.68 184.93 0.04 2.80 l.53 17.42 23.04 4.69 l.70 0.03 0.02 52.74 2.45 1 322.38 9,390.88 2,562 595 7 1>778 24,719 2,217 7 20 50,681 67,005 203 14 39,210 392 14 84,977 9,287 27,625 7 318 338 1>771 6,780 581 1,730 47 27 2,535 20 215 783 6>673>488 228.40 12.15 0.55 108.18 1>184.36 67.01 0.01 0.03 886.71 1,582.21 15.26, 0.30 274.05 8.51 0.20 1,931.13 72.18 1,249.96 0.25-18.93 10.36'17.75 155.75 31.69 11.49 0.22 0.12 356.48 16.53 8>38.31 63,485.19 19 1PSMOO S1lg00 acoeoo 20~00 102'O a+00 2QIOO Q Clupeld All older isis I.I~I l 12@00 6 K~00 C D v QOO~0 WOO SOb M A M J J A S 0 N D J F Month 7d Figure 2.Total estimated monthly impingement at Browne Perry Nuclear Plant for Clupeids (shad)and all remaining taxa during the period March 1974-August 1977.A geometric scale vas required to shou the large range in monthly values
'l 20+38p$00 6it+00'ClllpoldAll other togo 409/00\204/00 102/00 O'QOO 26@00 C" 12POO h CL~G 0 I I I.I O C~00'0 QOO E~4 N 4+00 800 100 M A M J J A S 0 H 0 J l'onth ,14 Figure 2.(Continued)
St I+00 409/00 204/00 10+00 SHOO 26Jt00\\I I 0~All elhi~lIRI I d S', A, o 12@00 E 00 C'0 00 E+00$00)l 11 j 400&#x17d;" J 4 S 0 N 0 J F Month Figure 2 (Continued) 22 fp88r400 StaP00 QCtopotaAll other taxo 400/00 204gl00 to&00 5+00 25/00 C taP00 E CL~00 C D 3/00 E Ol~00)I 600 400 M A M J Month Figure~(Cont:inued) 23 Lowest impingement of clupeids during May-June was followed by a sharp increase in July and August for the first three years of record.This probably refl'ects the appearance of young-of-year.
However, the pattern did not hold for the last year of data.Numbers remained low through August, the last month reported.Monitoring not reported here showed that threadfin shed impingement did not increase through December 1977.The impingement of low numbers of clupeids after June 1977 is likely associated with a very low'ensity of young-of-year I threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir.
Nonshad taxa showed a pattern of generally irregular fluctuations in monthly impingement between 6,000-60,000 fish (Figure 2).Highest impingement often occurred in March with the highest value in March 1977.Co arison of Da and Ni ht Im in ament Species selected for detailed examination of day versus night fmpfngemenf, were: skip)ack herring, gissard shad, threadfin shad, silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, channel catfish, white bass, yellow base, green sunfish, bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, white crappie, and freshwater drum.The replicated goodness-of-fit procedure indicated significant departure from the null hypothesis (impingement during the day impingement during the night)for all 15 species (Table 5).For two species, green sunfish and longear sunfish, pooled G-values were not significant even though total G-values were significant.
Thus, if all replicates for these two species were treated as one observation, we would accept the null hypothesis stated above.Much of the variability in t'e analyses was accounted for by heterogeneity among the replicates.
Thus,.differences between.day and night impingement ware not consistent between replicates for all species treated.The data in Figure 3 show that for all but one species (longear su<<tish)the pooled proportion of fish impinged during night was greater than during daylight.
24 Table 5.Results of replicated goodness-of-fit analyses comparing day and night impingement for 15 selected species.The G-value labeled"Het." represents the statistic to test the hypothesis that all replicates were homogeneous, i.e., ware drawn from the same population.
This value was calculated as the difference; Total G-value-Pooled G-value Hetero-gelleity G value~Species Number Day Night Total G-Values Pooled Het.Skip)ack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Silver chub Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Channel catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish White crappie 5'fn~ftosfct Atua 81624 9,943 24,533 14,171 502 180 1I 053 426 18 42 589 858 266 65,9 99 991 11216 127'531 858 42 34 70 169 145 335 6,08 3 I t>,829 96,563 181,917 14,306.7*21025.7*62,308.3*314.8*185.1*39.8*193.8*647.0*358.2*56.9*205.3*36.5*125.1*168.8*3,864.3<7o957~0*745.2e 26,586.8*199.5*102.8*9'*50.3*445.1*168oO*3.5 77~7*0.8 42.3*77.3+1,349.9*6,349.7*1,280.5*35,721.5*115.3*82.3*30oO+143.5*201.9*190.2*53.5*127.6*35.6*82.8*91.5" 2,'514.4<'Statistically significant at the a~0.05 level of confidence.
2>Percent.2 2.$0 SkipJack herring.75 sqo Gizzard shad Day 1$5RCNNRi Threadfin shad Might Silver chub Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Channel catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bl ueg l 1 I Longear sunfish hP ,h.h Redear sunfish White crappie Freshwater drum.50.75 f00 Figure 3 Numbers impinged for selected species during the 12-hour periods 060'0.-1800 hours and 1800&600 hours.This graph depicts the results of 42 pooled day/night samples collected between March 19T4-November 1976.
26 The seven species which showed the greatest tendency for impingement during the night were skipjack herring, silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, white bass, redear sunfish, and white crappie (Figure 3).For~each of these over two-thirds of the individuals were impinged during hours of darkness.Co arison of Im in ament Aeon Intake Screens Comparison of the distribution of impinged fish (all species combined)among screens for the three operational periods showed differences to be pro-nounced during one-unit (screens 1-6)operation (Figure 4).The Kruskal-Wallis procedure selected two subsets of difference among screens.Multiple comparisons selected two subsets of screens with similar impingement:
screens 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, and screens 03, 04'5, and'6;During the second and third operational periods,'he frequency histogram (Pigure 4)suggested that higher impingement tended to occur on the end screens;however, no statistically significant differences among screens were detected.Size Distribution of I in ed Pish Pish smaller than 51 mm appeared to be relatively insusceptible to impingement for all 12 species examined (Figures 5 end 6).Over 70 percent of the impinged fish were between 51-100 mm total length for eight species: skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, and white crappie.Except for white crappie, those fish less than 101 mm total length are considered to be young-of-year.
Individuals of 76-100 mm length represented over 30 percent of the impinged white crappie.White crappie of this s$zc are probably io the second growth season.For the remaining four species (bluegill, redear sunfish, sauger and freshwater drum), fish more than 100 mm in total length accounted for a 27 Unit 1 oynratton HI 4/40 are 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Unit 1-2 operation tt 22raa2 g 20 ,10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Od 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Unit 1-2 operation tts 27,241 20&10 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Screeae Figure 4 Distribotion of impinged fish (a11 species combined)among screens at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant for three levels of plant generation.
These comparisons include only those samples when all screens ware in use.N is the total number of fish in all 24-hour samples.S is the number of 24"hour samples~
Skip)eck herring 0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 l76-Gizzard shad Threadfln shad 0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 15:I.-175 176-Channel catfish White bass 0-25 26-50 53-75 76-100)0)-125 126-150 151-175 176-Yellow bass 100 75 Percent 50 25 Length Class (mm)25 50 Percent 75 100 Fg~ute 5.l.ength frequency distrlbut ton for s<lected fish species Impinged nt, Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant during thc period Herch l974-August l917.
29 Green sunfish 0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101.'.25 126-150 151-175 176-8luegl l l Redear 0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 I 7aaIL 151-175~176-IIII White crappie Sauger 0-25 26-50 Ib a 76 ioo~~101-125 1 ,~126-150 151-175 176-Freshwater drum 75 Percent 50 25 Length Class (mm)25 50 Percent 75 100 Figure 6.Length frequency distribution for selected fish species impinged at 8rowns Ferry Nuclear Plant during the period Harch l974-August 1977.
30 considerable proportion of the numbers impinged.Except for sauger, these larger sizes probably include fish older than young-of-year specimens.
Com arison of Im in ement Estimates with Standin Stock E>>timates During the three operational periods, 30 species werc impinged at an.average rate f one or more.fish per day for at least one of the periods.Impingement of 1?of these species exceeded l percent of the estimated standing stock (numbers)for one or more operational periods (Tables 6-8).These included skip)ack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, mooneye, carp, silver chub, blue catfish, black bullhead, brown bullhead, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, white crappie, black crappie, sauger, and freshwater drum.Six of these species (mooneye, carp, blue catfish, black and brown bullhead, and black crappie)were either absent or rarely collected in the cove samples.Except for blue catfish, the estimated average impingement of each of these species did not exceed an average of three individuals per day.The remaining species which were impinged at 1 percent or more of the estimated standing stock are discussed below.Ski ack herrin Estimated impingement of skip)ack herring decreased during the three operational periods while mean numerical standing stock values increased over the years corresponding to the operational periods (Tables 6-8).Thus, despite the lower intake flow and lower reservoir density of skip)ack herring during the first period, the proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was greatest in the first operational period and least during the third operational period (Tables 6-8).
31 Table 6.Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples)for selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1974)compared with estimated total imp5ngement of these sp'ecies during the period March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975.I Taxa Estimated Total No.Xmpinged Mean Standing ock No h YOY Total Percent of standing stock numbers im in~ed YOY Tota1 Skipgack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Mooneye Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Blue catfish Black bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass I Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish White crappie Logperch Sau ger Freshwater drum 220,964 190,914 4,553,174 437 8,646 660 3,088 1,049 3,993 892 21,716 508 14,126 14.453 101154 17,556 366 7>910 7,826 2,256 3,690 179,501 17.70 873.05 2,447.84 NC 54.26 39.06 28.85 11.05 NC NC l.34 6.53 3.61 36.66 19.75 722.08 282.09 138.01 1.04 206.63 5.90 51.31 27.70 1,768.30 2'47.84 NC 54.26 39.06 28.85 71.81 NC NC 9.79 13.98 4.46 36.66 26.67 1 I 120.45 556.01 209.35 2.08 206.63 7.04 102.86 45.97.81 6.85 5 0.59 0.06 0.39 0.35 5 59.68 0.29 14.41 1.45 1.89 0.09<0.Ol 0.21 27.71 O.04 2.30 12.88 29.38.40 6.85 5 0'59 0.06 0.39 0.05 5 8.17 0.13 j 1.66 1.45 1.40 0.06<0.01 0,14 13.86 0.04 1.93 6.43 1.Refers to young-of-year fish.2.Refers to all ages collected in suamer cove samples.3.Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.4.Not collected on cove rotenone samples.'5.Calculation not possible., I


32 Tabl<<7.E<<tom<<ted
Monitoring vill be perfors:e6 usinu standard accepted scnpling procc."urea vhich arc on fil'e in the office of'he Division of Forestry, Fisherics, and  Hildlife Development, Norris,   Tennessee.
<<t<<nding stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples)for selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1975)compared with estimated totnl impingemetg of these speciea during the period March 27, 1975-Hnrch 26, 1976.Estimated Total no.impinged Harm standing H to'k n<l/lln YOY Total I'or<ont of stan<ling sin<k nu~ehe~legs tngsil, YOY Totn 1 Spotted gar Skipgack herring Gizzard shad Threndfin shad I<at p Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Blue catfish Blnck bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White hnss Yellow buss Green sunfish Bluegill Lor<gear sunfish Redear sunfish Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Logperch Sauger Fresh<<ster drum 481 98,751 343,312 1,909,'<92 1,134 6,509 388 2>200 3,178 2,476 i>187 111435 1,050 13,408 29<936 3,115 9,423 452 2<561 791 564 4,996 15690 1,846 233,902 7.46 9.80 8.96 1~565.04 NC 8.86 13.47 6.71 422.81 NC NC 5.46 9.24 4.76 76.28 88.97 1,702.98 508.81 396.99 24.27 60.52 2.05 468.06 14.37 151.46 12.54 40.18 640.19 1,565.04 0-51 8.86 13.47 6.71 475.78 NC 0.28 22.89 18,98 5.22 77.30 110.04 3,204.60 1,203.31 483.97 27.95 123.98 7.00 468.06 21.08 300.17 0.24 37.11 141-11 4.49 5 2.71 0.11 1.21 0.03 5 5 7.71 0.42 10.37 l.45 0.13 0.02<b.ol 0.02 0.12 0.26 8.98 0.01 0.47 5.69 0.14 9.05 l.97 4.49 8.19 2.71 O.ll 1.21 0.02 5 15.61 l.84 0.20 9.46 1.43 0.10 0.01<0.01 0.02 OvlO 0.13 2.63 0.01 0.32 2.87 1.Refers to young-of-year fish.2.Refers to all ages collected in su<m<<er cove samples.3: Bused on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.4.Not collected on cove rotenone samples.5.Calculation not possible.
Re  ortins Recuirencnt The  results vill be smaaarized annually in the annual reports of the nonradiological environnental monitoring program.
33 Table 8.I!><rim<It>~<I
Baaas proportion of the river flow vill be routed through the  plant f'rsignificant A
>>tu>><ll>>II
cooling purposes, and during periods when larval fish ar'e abundan
>>r>><k numb>>r>>(I>>>>><><I<>>><<<>v>>r>><<>>>>>>>>><>>mI>l>>>>)
                              'for there is the potcrtial      entraicuaent of large  numbers of fisbes.
Io<><<<l<'>'t>
The  specified study will deteraine the numbers of fish crgs and larva entrained in the cooler"., vater system resulting frow pl.nt operation and identify the need for possible corrective action.
<I>>I>>'>I<><of I I><h l><Wh>><>l<r R<>>>>>rv>>lr I I'>II>)o>>>IIP>j<'qd MIIh Il>u u;<I l>m>I<<<l I>>I>>l Iml>l>>II<m<>>l<h>rl>>II Ihr I><'rl<><l I 8<I>I>ml><r 1<II<>-II h>>II>>><I I'III.Species Total No.Impinged Mean standing stock (No/ha)Y Total Percent of Standing Stock Numbers 2 YOY Total Skipjack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Mooneye Silver chub Golden shiner I Emerald shiner Bullhead minnow Smallmouth buffalo Spotted sucker Blue catfish Black bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Sauger Freshwater drum 110,487 1,353,913 4,635,290 656 7,537 5,522 8,003 1,230 845 7,395 2,562 595 1,778 24,719 2,217 50,681 67>005 39,210 84,977 9,287 27,625 1,771 6,780 581 1, 730 2,535 215,783 30.67 6,830.07 26,024.10 NC 96.43 39.80 63.82 436.22 NC 12.16 NC NC NC 2.89 13.37 30.16 19.08 14.79 6,60?.19 1,995.37 227.18 50.56 0.40 NC 215.58?.20 52.41 75.52 12,521.83 26>028.07 NC 96.43 39.80 63.82 436.22 38.66 152.46 0.26 NC NC 67.40 19.20 33.56 21.06 41.33 8'94.00 3,238.69 443.92 277.36 2.68 4 NC 215.58 72.12 239.52 13.33 0.73 0.66 5 0.29 0.51 0.46 0.01 5 2.23 5 5 31;50 0.61 6.19 12.93 9.76 0.05 0.02 0.45 0.13 62.42 5 0.03 1.30 15.16 5.39 0.40 0.66 5 0.29 0.51 0.46 0.01 0.08 36.29 5 1.35 0.43'.56 11.72 3.49'.04 0.01 0.21 0.02 9.32 5 0,03 0.42 3.32 1, Refers to young-of-your fish.2.Refers to all ages collected in summer c<>v>samples.3.Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,]50 ha.4.Not collected on cove rotenone samples.5.Calculation not possible.
(f) Fish inoin enent on Intake Screens    (Delete) was f
34 Proportion of standing stock removed ranged from 5.39 percent of all ages in the third period to 29.38 percent in the first period and from 13.33 percent of youngmf-year alone in the third period to 45.97 percent Ln the first period (Tables 6 and 8).Gizzard shad Impingement of gizzard shad showed a distinct increase during the operational periods, exhibiting an order of magnitude increase in the third operational period over the first operational period.A similar increase in numerical standing stock was observed (Tables 6-8)for the three corresponding yearw of cove rotenone sampling.This increase in standing stock was also SE reflected in the 1977 cove samples after high impingement of the previous year's standing stock.'elatively few youngmf-year gizzard shad were collected in 1975 cove samples (Table 7)and higher than expected impingement of young-of-year occurred during this second period.Except for this case, the proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was between 0.41 percent and 1.97 percent.2'" Despite an order of magnitude increase in standing stock estimates of threadfin shad from 1974 to 1976, the impingement of threadfin shad was similar for the first and third periods, (4.55 and 4.64 million fish, respectivelyl Tables 6 and 8).During the second period, the impi'ngement of this species was reduced to approximately
    \
s",
  \


===1.9 million===
PROPOSED CHANGES TO UNIT 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
fish (Table 7).Maximum proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was 6.85 percent (during the first operational period).In 1977 the standing stock was reduced to an extremely iow level (Table 9).


35 Table 9.Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples)of selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservnir (1977}.Me n standin stock No/ha 3 Spec ies YOY Total Skip)ack herring Gizzard shad Thre r>>lfln>>had Hooneye Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Bullhead minnow"'Smallmouth buf falo Spotted sucker Blue catfish Black bullhead Brovn bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch , Sauger Freshwater drum 30.2 l0~434.4/~4 72.7 12.6.2 185.6 3.8 15.8 4 4 4 15.2 10.9 63.3 235.8 72.6 2,351.8 706.3 600.1 118.7 2.1 4573.5 55.4 199,7 33.2 15,615.3 1 fi.0 4 72.7 12.6.2 185.6 21.4 168.3 4 4 4 21.2 16.5 66.4 237.9 126.3 3,880.6 1,847.6 765.5 193.6 88.8 4 573.5 60,0 348.1 1.Refers to young-of-year fish.2.Refers tn all ages collected in summer cove sample~<<.3.Based on reservoir surfact area nf 27,150 ha.4.Not collected in cove rotenone samples.
SAFETY LIHIT                LIHITINC SAFETY  SYSTEH SEITING A.l"  tuel Claddin Int>> rit 2il  Fuel Claddin  Inta rit I ~ Core epray and LFCI  ~ 378 in.
Carp were impinged in relatively high, numbers only during the second period.The estimated 1,134 fish represented 8.19 percent of the estimated standing stock of this species in Wheeler Reservoir.,Silver chub Silver chub impingement remained essentially constant throughout
actuation reactor    above vestee lou water level      cero J. HPCI and RCIC        ~ 470 in.
~he three periods at levels not exceeding an estimated 9,000 individuals per year.The proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was least'ln the third period (0.29 percent).Channel catfish Channel catfish were impinged in similar numbers during the first and third operational periods.Numbers were lowest during the second period.Standing stock increased during the corresponding three years of rotenone sampling (Tables 6-8).The data suggest that a relatively high proportion of youngmf-year standing stock (59.68 percent, 7.71 percent, and 31.50 percent in 1974, 1975, and 1976, respectively) were impinged.Computations using standing stock numbers for all size classes combined resulted in a much lower proportion removed during these years (8.17 percent, l.84 percent, and 1.35 percent, iespect1vely; Tables 6-8).White bass Tmpingement of white bass was over three times higher for the three-unit operational period than for the first and second operational periods.Standing stock numbers increased an order of magnitude from 1974 to 1976 I 37 (Tables 6-8).As a result, the proportion of standing stock numbers of white bass in Wheeler Reservoir that were impinged decreased from the first to the third operational period.Overall, the proportion of standing stock numbers removed due to impingement ranged from 14;41 percent for young-of-year in 1974 to 6.19 percent in l976 and from 11.66 percent for all ages combined in 1974 to 5.56 percent in 1976.Despite the increaseg number impinged during the third period, standing stock of young-of-year and all ages combined of white base increased from 1976 to 1977 (Table 9).Yellow bass Impingement of yellow bass showed a marked increase over the three operational periods while mean numerical standing stock in Wheeler Reservoir tended to decrease during this period (Tables 6-8).Consequently, highest relative impingement occurred during the three-unit operational period.The proportion of standing stock reanved by impingement increased from about 1.5 percent during the first two periods to over ll percent during the third period (three-unit operation).
actuation  reactor  above vesset le  vater level      cero K. Main ateam  ieola<<> 470    in.
Despite the high impingement during the three-unit operation, standing stock of young-of-year increased an order of magnitude , in 1977 (Table 9).Green sunfish Impingement of this species increased from 10,154 during the first period to 39,210 during the third operational period (Tables 6 and 8).Conversely, corresponding standing stock estimates decreased from tne first to the third period, resulting in the highest proportion of standing stock being impinged during the third period (9.76 percent of)uveniles and 3.49 percent of all ages 1 combined).
tion valve cloeure  above  veeeef reactor lou eater    cero level
The results of cove sampling in 1977 (Table 9), however, showed the greatest standing stock in this year.


White cra ie Impingement of vhite crappie shoved a slight decrease during the three operational periods (numbers were lovest for the third operational period).Standing stock numbers of white crappie were relatively stable over the first three study years (Tables 6-8)and increased greatly in 1977.Low abundance of young-of-year vhite crappie in the 1976 samples resulted in the high relative impingement (62.42 percent of standing stock numbers)for this age during the three-unit operational period (Tables 6-8).Also, impingement vas high compared to estimated standing stock during the first phriod (27.71 percent of young-of-year and 13.86 percent of the total summer standing stock of all sixes).~Sau eL'mpingement of sauger ranged from approximately l,&00 fish in the second period to about 3,700 in the first period.Standing stock estimates increased considerably from the first to the third period (Tables 6-8).The proportion of total standing stock removed by impingement exceeded 1 percent only in the first period.Freshwater drum Impingement of freshvater drum vas highest during the second operational period when intake volume and number of screens in operation vaa least (Table 7).Standing stock estimates for both young-of-year and all ages combined reflected this unexpected outcome and vere greatest during this period (Table 7).Impinge-mept of freshwater drum appears to be a function of reservoir abundance.
TABLE 4alaB REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEN (SCRAN) INSTRUNKNT CALIBRATION NININUN CALIBRATION FREQQE!CIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUNZNT CHANNELS Instruaent Channel                    Group (I)           Calibration                    Nininum Frequency  (2)
The highest relative impingement (Tables 6 and 8)of young-of-year drum vas in the third period (15.16 percent of standing stock numbers and in the first period 39 for all ages combined (6.43 percent).Standing, stock was greatest in 1977 (Table 9)following the three years of impingement monitoring.
IRN High Flux                                                  Caaparison  to  APRN on  Control-     Note (4) led Shutdowns (6)
DISCUSSION V The large number of species collected on the intake screens at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant indicates that the intake is not particularly selective.
APRN High Flux Output Signal ~                                   B          Heat Balance                          Oace every 7 days Flow Bias Signal                                  B          Calibrate Flow Bias Signal (7)       Once/operating cycle LPRN Signal                                                    TIP System Traverse    (8)           Every 1000 Effective Full Power Hours High Reactor Pzessure                                          Standard Pressure  Source            Every 3 Nonths High Drywall Pressure                                          Standard Pressure Source              Every 3 Nonths Reactor Low Mater Level                                        Pressure Standard                    Every 3 Nonths High heater Level  in   Scraa Discharge Volam                  Hots (5)                             Note (5)
Impingement probably represents a good qualitative picture of the fish community in wheeler Reservoir.
Tarbine Ccadeaser Low Vacuua                                    Standard Vacuua Source                Every 3 Ncaths I
This idea is supported in that species which were unique to either impingement or cove rotenone samples were uncommon (<0.05 percent of the total number collected), Compared with the proportional composition of the rotenone samples, a relatively higher percentage of threadf in shad and skipjack herring were impinged on the intake screens.Sunfish species were impinged in proportions considerably less than those estimated by cove rotenone samples.Thus, the pelagic and highly mobile shad and herring seemed to be more susceptible to impingement than sedentary shoreline species such as the sunfish.It is recognised, however, that cove sampling probably over-estimates reservoir densities of sunfish and underestimates the more pelagic species.Impingement (all species combined)was lowest for the second operational period when intake flow was lowest and highest for the three>>unit operational period when volume intake of cooling water was greatest.Thus, overall there was a positive relationship'etween the level of plant operation and impingement.
Naia Steaa Line Isolation Valve Closure                        Note (5)                             Note (5)
However, differences in impingement among operational periods for several of the dominant species (e.g..spotted sucker, silver chub, white crappie, and sauger)did not appear to be related to pjant operation an<I may have rcfl<<ct<<d year class variation of these species in the reservoir.
Naia Stean Line High Radiati.oa                                Standard Current Source (3)           Every 3 Noaths Turbine  First  Stage Pressure
40 Several deviations from the"typical" seasonal pattern for monthly impingement of clupeids.occurred after the start of three-unit operation at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant.The high fall impingement (approximately
                      .         Pernissive                    Standard Pressure Source              Evezy 5 Ncaths Turhiae Coatrol Valve    - Loss of Oil Pressure    A          Standard Pressure Source              Csee/operating cycle Turbine stop valve closure                                      Note (5)                              Note (5)


===4.5 million===
NOTFS FOR TABLE    4.1.1 A  description of three groups's included in the bases of this speciEication.
fish from September through November 1976)was probably due to a large standing stock of young-of-year clupeids in Wheeler Reservoir.
: 2. Calibrations are not required when the systems are not required to be operable or are tripped. If calibrations arc missed, they shall be performed prior to returning the system to an operable status.
High impingement in November may also reflect unusually high natural mortality of threadfin shad due to cold shock from exceptionally low water temperatures during 1976-1977 (Fi ure 2).D g).ecreased impingement during December-February, with even colder water temperatures, suggests that this earlier natural mortality may have severely reduced the numbers of threadfin shad available for impingement.
3,   The  current source provides an instrument channel alignment. Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.
The failure of clupeid impingement as well as standing stock to increase to usual levels the following susaner suggests that exceptionally high natural mortality of'fish the previous winter resulted in much reduced levels of recruitment during the spring.Thus, the low impingement of clupeids in late summer 1977 probably reflects low abundance of threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir.
4~  Haximum  frequency required is once per week.
Higher impingement during the night may be the result of (1)diel changes in the distributions of these species in the reservoir (e.g., shoreward movement during the night)causing the fish to become more abundant in the intake area during nocturnal periods and/or (2)decreased ability to avoid the intake during the hours of darkness.Excessive heteroge it e erogene ty among replicates used to statistically examine the difference between day a d i h i i een ay an n g t impingement accentuates the highly variable and sporadic nature of impingement.
Physical inspection and actuation of these poiition switches    vill be performed once per operating cycle.
This probably reflects the contagious distributional nature of these species in the reservoir.
5~  On  controlled shutdowns> overlap  between the IRM's and APRH's will be  verified.
41 Impingement was fairly uniformly distributed among screens except during the one-unit operational period.High impingement on the end screen(s)is probably the result of higher density along the intake channel shoreline.
: 7. The Flov Bias Signal Calibration  vill consist  of calibrating the sensors, flow convcrters, and signal    offset networks during each operating cycle. The instrumentation is an analog type vith redun-dant flov signals that can be compared. The flow comparato" trip and upscale vill be functionally tasted according to Table 4,2,C to ensure the proper operating during the operating cycle. ReEer'o 4'.1 Bases for Eurther explanation of calibration frequency.
During the one-unit period, the return channel from the cooling towers had not been excavated.
: 8. '
A corner was created by the intake channel shoreline and left side (Unit 1 screens)of the intake pumping station.These results suggest that for three-unit operation of Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant, the distribution of fish in the intake channel probably had no significant effect on impingement differences among screens.For most species examined, the intake screens at Browne Ferry primarily impinged young~f-year fish larger than 51 mm in total length.Th'absence of smaller individuals probably is due to the size opening of the intake I screen.Smaller fish could be abundant in the intake but would pass through the screens and be entrained with the cooling water.The predominance of juvenile fish in impingement samples is probably a result of several factors: (1)the greater relative abundance of these age classes in the reservoir (e.g., the high impingement of clupeids during late suuaaer months is related to the high abundance of juveniles of this group in the reservoir};
complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the
(2)juvenile fish of some species may concentrate in shoreline areas and thus be relatively more susceptible to the intake at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant;and (3)juveniles are il weaker swimmers than adults of the same species and thus are more likely to be impinged given similar exposure levels.For three dominant species (skipjack herring, channel catfish, and freshwater drum)which exhibited high impingement levels compared to estimated standing stock, relative as well as total impingement for the third period was less than or similar to that for the first period.This suggests that impingement 42 at Srowns Ferry Nuclear Plant was not directly related to standing stock or intake water flow for these species.White base also showed lowest relative impingement during the third period despite increased total impingement.
~
Standing stocks of this species increased over the four-year period (1974-1977}.Mhite crappie and yellow base showed higher relative impingement during the third than during the first operational period.The potential for adverse impact from impingement for white crappie appears to be minimized by the fact the estimated 12~nth impingement was actually slightly less for e three-unit than the one-unit operational period.The estimated impinge-ment for the three~nit operational period probably included fish from the abundant 1975 year class.Recruitment of white crappie in Wheeler Reservoir during 1976 was apparently very poor and resulted in high relative impingement for the corresponding operational period.Although impingement of yellow bass was highest during the three-unit operational period, the large increase in standing stock the following year suggests that impingement did not have an adverse impact on this species.Mopneye, blue catfish, and black bullhead were infrequently collected in cove rotenone samples;hence, it was difficult to assess the potential for adverse impact due to impingement.
process computer. The individual LPRN meter readincs        vill be ad)usted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100% power.
Since these species are routinely collected in other types of sampling and since estimated numbers impinged were small, the possibility of a deleterious effect to the reservoir population appears unlikely.Sunfish impingement increased approximately fourfold from the first tq the third operational period.Except for green sunfish, the standing stock estimates were much greater in 1976 than in 1974.The proportion standing stock r~ved by impingement was low (<1 percent}for all periods.Expansion of 43 cove densities of suqfish to reservoir density by che mechnd used here prnhnhly produces an overestimate of reservoir standing stock.However, it i8 experced that, except for green sunfish, adgusting the standing stock to only the productive areas of the reservoir vould show impingement co be lese than 1 percent of che standing stock.CONCLUSIONS
 
'early all species in Mheeler Reservoir, excluding some darters And shiners, vere collected from the Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant intake screens ac least once since 1974.For the 42 species impinged at rates estimated co be one fish or less per day, the potential for an adverse impact is lov.None of these species is present in such low numbers that the removal of up to 365,fish per year would adversely affect their populati,ons.
                                                                        '.t<<tMork ha>> been Th<< freque>>cy o5 r.>11hrnt ion of t'l>> Assed Fl<>M Bin >lax
Thirteen of the remaining 30 species vere impinged at rates estimated to exceed one fish per day but in numbers vhich represent less than 1 percent of the estimated reservoir standing stock.hll of these species are common to che Tennessee Valley and, except for bluegill and redear sunfish, less than 1O,OOO fish per year of each species vere estimated to be impinged.For these species this level of impingement is not considered sufficient to cause an adverse impact to the respective populations in Mheeler Reservoir.
                <<!> <<<<ch refuel in;;  uut <<g<<. There    <<rc  <<.~v> r!>1    1n<<trumrnts a at<<hit<<had Mhich    must  be  ca11hrat<<d  and  it M111  takr. acv<<r<<1    hnur<<    to  perform the is being per-calibration of      the entire nctuoA. While the calibration formed, a aero EloM signal will          b<<sent      to half  of  the   >'ZRH's  resulting in s half scram      and  rod block  condition.      Th>>s,  if  the    calibration  Mere performed during operation, flux shaping uould not                  be    possible. Based on cxper'fence at other generating stations, drift oE in truments, such aa those in the Flov Biasing Hetuork,            ir  not  significant        and therefore, to avoid spurio>>s scrams, a cal.ibr tion frequency of each refueling out-age    is establ ishcd.
Furthermore, although bluegill and redear sunfish vere impinged in high numbers, compared co the estimated standing stock this loss.(<O.l percent for bluegill.and
Croup (C) devices are active only durin" a given portion oE the opera-tional cycle. For example, the 1g.'! is active during startup and inactive during full-pover oper" tion. Thus> thc only test that is meaningful thc one performed gust prior to ehutdoun or startup,                'i.c.,      the tests that are performed gust prior to use of             the   instrument.
<O.S percent for redear)appears to be negligible in terms of impact tn their populations.
Calibrntion frequency of thc in<<trumcnt chan >cl 1e divided into tvo groups. These are as folloMe:
Five of the remaining 17 species vhich vere impinged at rates exceeding 1 percent of the estimated standing stock for at least.one 12-month period were 44 rarely collected in cove samples.Because these species (mooneye, blue catfish, black and brovn bullhead, nnd black crappies)arc common in Tennessee Valley vaters and vere impinged at rate" estimated to be less than three individuals per day, impingement is not considrred to have the notential for adverse impact.The remaining lo species vere impinged in numbers exceeding 1 percent of their estimated standing stocks.Among these, ,tanding stock data for skipJack herring and gizzard shad did not reveal any effect of plant operation on their population levels in Wheeler Reservoir.
: 1. P  ssive type indicating devices that can be comp-red                  vith like units  on a continuous basis.
For both species the proportion of standing.tock impinged vas least in thc third period vhen standing stock estimates vere highc.t..At thc end of three years of'peration nnd monitoring, these populations do not appear to have been adver ely af'fected by the Brovns I'erry Plant.The much reduced standing stock of threadfin shad in 1977 reflects the effect of lov trmperature rnther than any effect of the intake.It, is cxnected that the rrcnvrry of this species vill be independent of plant operation.
: 2. Vacuum tube    or semiconductor devices      and  detectors that        drift oz lose  sensitivity.
It.is very unlikely that the impingement of 1,134 carp per year vould pose an adverse impact to this population.
Experience    vith passiv"    type instruments in generating stations and oub-stations indicates that the specified calibrations are adequate. For those devices which employ amplifiers, etc., drift specifications call for driEt to be less than 0.4X/month; i.e., in the period of a month a d>  ift  of . 47 Mould occur acd thus providing for adequate margin. Por the APR.'1 system d. 1Et of electronic apparatus i<<not:he only considera-tion in determining a calibration frequency, Change in power distribu-tion and loss of chamber sensitivity dictate a calibration every seven days. Calibration on this frequency assures plant operation at or belov thermal limits.
Similarly, silver chub, a species commonly impinged throughout much of the Tennessee Valley, vas collected 1 in sufficiently lov numbers to preclude the poss5bility of an adverse impact to the Wheeler Reservoir population.
A  comparison of Tables 4.1.A and 4.1.B indicates that two instrument channels have not been included in thc latter table. These are: mode sMitch in shutdown> and manual scram. All of the devices or sensors associated vi th these scram funct ions are s imp le on-o. f svitches and, hence, calibration during operation is not sppl'cable, i.e., the switch ie either on or    off.
Channel catfish densities are probably poorly estimated by cove rotenone sampling.This species appears to be more charncterist5.c of the main-stream portion nf the reservoirs.
The    ratio of Core    Maximum Fraction of Limiting Pover Density (MFLPD) to Fraction of Rated      Power (FRP) shall be checked out once per day to determine if'he APRM scram        requires adJustment. This will normally be done by checking the APRM  readings. Only a small number of control rods are moved daily 47
Standing.".ock numbers increased-through-cut the three years of monitoring and annual impingement did not increase appreciably from the fi.rst to the third operational period (maximum 25,000.ishI, zherebv demonstrating thr absence of adverse impact.
 
The increased impingement of~hite bass from the first to the third period,may be due to both increased plant operation and increased abundance.
4~1 BASFS durYng steady-state operation and thus the     ratio is not  expected:. to change significantly.
The density of this fish is also probably underestimated by cove rotenone since it is a pelagic species more characteristic of the open reservoir, Since the standing stock of white bass increased from 1976 to 1977 despite impingement of 51,000 inuividuals of the 1976 standing stock, impingement of white bass does.not constitute an'adverse impact.The Yellow bass population probably experienced no adverse impact from impingement.
The  sensitivity of LPRM detectors decreases with      exposure to neutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate.         The APR'I system, which uses the LPBM readings to detect a change in thermal vower, will be calibrated every seven days using a heat balance to compensate For this change in sensitivity. The RBM system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power.      It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal oower and therefore any change in LPWI sensitivity is comoensated for by the APRH  calibration. The technical specification limits of CHFLPD, CPF.,
Although increasing impingement coupled with decreasing standing stock estimates during the monitoring period resulted in a maximum stock removal of 11.22 percent for all ages combined, the very high standing stock of young-of-year in 1977 probably precludes an adverse impact.Green sunfish showed a trend of increasing impingement and decreasing standing stock which resulted in greatest potential for impact during the third period of three-unit operation.
MAPLIIGR and R  ratio are determined by the use of the orocess computer or other backup methods. These methods use      LPR.'! readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.
However, neither the total number impinged nor the proportion of standing stock impinged is expected to adversely affect this population.
Compensation  in the process  computer for  changes  in LPRM  sensitivity will be made by  performing  a  full core  Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated    LPRM correction f-ctors every 1000 effective full power. hours.
The decreasing trend in green sunfish standing stocks was continuous from 1969 through 1976.Additionally, the increased standing stock in 1977 indicates that the impingement has not adversely affected this population.
As a minimum  the individual LPRM meter readings will be ad)usted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent power.
 
L    IInc  covnLYKovs Foa opERXTtov                      SURVr.lLLANCF. RE UIRKY. 'HIS 4.3.8 Contxol    Rods 4~      Control rods shall noc be vithdraMn for ecarcup or                                 When  required, the preaaaca refueling'nless at least                                of  ~ ascoad  1icaaaad operator cMo.source range channels                                to verify ths followtog ot have an observed count                                  the correct rod program shalL to or grcacer chan  rate,'qual be  verified.
              ~
three counts pcr accond'.                    4. Prior  co  control rod withdravsl for scaxcup or during refueling, 5.,During. operation          Mich                          verify thac ac lease tvo source lcaxns, imi ting control    rod pa c-ns determined by che
                                                                    'ange channels have ao observed count rate of ac least three designated qualif icd persou-                         counts per second.
nel, either:
a,    Both RBtl channila    shall            5. When a  limiting control rod ba. opcrablc:                                pattern exists, an lnstrLxssat
                    'or                                            functional teat of the lQA shall be pcrfoamcd prior to b      Control rod wichdraval                        withdrawal of the designated shall  be blocked.                            rod(s) and ac least once per 24 hours  chereaftar.
C. Scram      Insertion Times 1.After each refueling outage all operable,,rods shall be scram time tested from the fully withdrawn position with the nuclear system pressure above        gOO    psig This C. Scram      Insertion    Times testing shall        be completed prior to exceeding      40X power.      Below 20X power', only. rods in those sequences
: l. The average scraDI inecL'cion (A12 and A34 .or B12 and B ) which Cima, baaed on the dccnergl-zacion of the scram pilot valve                  were fully withdrawn in tlat region colcnotds as time zero, of all                    from 100X rod density to 50X rod operable control rods in che                      density shall        be scram time tested.
reactor power oparacion condi                    The sequence restraints imposed 'upon tion shall      be no  greater chan:              the control rods, in the 100-50 percent rod density groups to the X Inserted      Prom        Avg. Scram  Inser-              preset power level may be removed Full With        raMn                                          by uee      of the individual bypass switches associated with those 5                        0.375                      control rods which are fully or 20                        0.90                      pnrtially withdrawn and are not 50                          2.0                        within the 100-50 percent rod density 90                        3. 500                      groups. In order to bypass a rod, the actual rod axial position must bi known,'nd the rod aust be in the correct in-sequence position.
124
 
7 Al 1~~4@
Wi'
 
Unit 2
>.shnrif: Cn~nlvin.iS  Fnii nrrar71OU              SURVF1LLh&#xc3;CF RK'iIU1v ~FNTS 3.7,C    Secondary Containment
: l. Sc condnry containment    inte-                1. Secondary containment surveil-grity shall    bc maintained  ln                  lance shall be performed as the reactor tone at all times                      indicated helot:
except as ~pcclfled ln 3.7.C.2.
240
 
3oloC
~  ~ Secondar    Containment                  4.7.C Scconiar i Containment
: a. Secondary containment capa-bility tomaintafa 1/0 inch o vater vacuum under cain uin"
(< 5  mph)  condition uitlt  a system inleakage    rate oi not more than 12,PPP cf>,
shall  bc demonstrated at each  reive Ling outage pr io r to refueling.
: 2. If reactor  zone secondary con<<            2~  AEter  a  secondary containment tainment integrity cannot be                    violation is determined thc maintained the folloving con-                  standby gas treatmenr. system ditions shall be met:                          vill be  operated innediately after the affected zones are isolated from the remainder of
: a. The  reactor shall be made                the secondary contai'nment to subcritical and Specifica-                confirm its ability to ma in-tion 3. 3. A shall be me t .              tain the remainder of the secondary containment at 1/4-
: b. The reactor shall be cooled                inch of uatcr negative prcssure doun belou 212'F and the                  under calm vind conditions.
reactor coolant system vented.
c;  Foci movemcnt shall not be  permitted in the reac-tor  xone.
d." primary containment integri:y maintained.
Secondary  containment integrity shall be ma)ntnlneJ in the re-fueling zone, except as'peci-fied in 3.7.'C.4.
241
 
PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B
 
0 Honitoring  vill be perfonre6 usinu standard accepted scnpling procc".urea
,vhich arc on file in the office of the Divi ion o. Forestry, Fisheries, and Mildlife Development, Norris, Tennessee, Re  ortinr Recuirencnt The  results vill be su~arized annually'n the annual reports of the nonradiological environmental monitoring program.
Ba"ea A  significant proportion of the river flov vill be routed through the plant for cooling pu~nscs, end during periods vh n la> val fish axe abundant there is the potential 'for entrairmcnt of large numbers of fisbes.
The specified stuQ'ill detercLine the nv~bers of fish cr,.".s and lerva entrained in the cool>v", vater system resulting frow pl.at operation and identig the need for po" sible corrective action.
(f)  Fish i@pin enent on Intake Screens  (Delete)
 
PROPOSED CHANGES 'TO UNIT 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
 
SAFETY L IllIT                            LIMITING SAFETY      SYSTEM SETTING 1.1  .FUEL CLADDING INTEGRITY            2 1  FUEL Cl ADDTNG      INTEGRITY D. Shutdown Condition                C. scram and     isola-  2 538  in tion reactor              above Whenever the    reactor is in            low water                  vessel the shut'down  condition                level                      zero
      , with irradia ted fuel in the reactor vessel, the            D. Scram--turbine            10 per-water level shall not be                 stop valve                cent valve less than 17.7 in. above                closure                    closure the top of the normal active fuel zone.                  E. Scram- - turbine control valve Fa st closure--Upon trip of the fast acting solenoid valves 2~  Loss of con-          550  psif trol oil
                                                        'p.".es sure Scram--low con>>          I 23  inches denser vacuum            Hg vacuUAl G. Scram--main            S 10  per-steam line                cent valve isolation                  closure H. Main steam      isola-  < 825  psig tion valve closure
                                                  --nuclear system                  )
low pressure Core spray and          h 378  in.
LPCI actuation--            above
                                                'reactor low water          vessel l.evel                      zero HPCI and RCIC              070  in.
actuation--reac-          above tor low water              vessel level                      zexo K. Hain steam      isola-    070  in.
tion valve                above closure--reactor          vessel low water level            zero  ~
13
 
TABLE 4+1 ~ B REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM (SCRAN) INSTROHENT CALIBRATION HIHIKOH CALIBRATIOH PREQUE1CIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUMENT CHANNELS Instrument Channel                    Group (1)            Calibration                  Hinimum Frequency  (2)
IRK High Flux                                                  Caaparison  to  APRlC on Control-  Note (4) led Shutdcwns (6)
APRH High Flux Output Signal ~                                  B          Heat Balance                        Once every 7 days Flar Bias Signal                                B          Calibrate Flnr Bias Signal    (7)  Once/operating cycle LPRH Signal  ~
B          TIP System Traverse (8)              Every 1000  Effective Full Poser  Hours High Reactor Pressure                                          Standard Pressure Source            Srery 3 Honths High Drywall Pressure                                          Standard Pressure Source            Ee'ezy 3 Honths Reactor tuw Hater Level                                        Pressure Standard                    Evezy 3 Honths High Hater Level  in Sczam  Discharge Vol~                    Note (5)                            ~e    (5)
~ Turbine  Condenser Lov Vacuum                                  Standard Vacuum Source              Every 3 lamths I
Hain Steam Line Isolation Valve Closure                        Note (5)                            Mte    (5}
Hain Steam Line High Radiation                    B          Standard Current Source (3)          Every 3 Nouths Turbine  First  Stage Pressure Permissive          h          Standard Pressure Source            Every 6 Honths Turbine Control Valve  -  Loss of Oil pressure    h          Standard Pressure Source            &ace/operating cycle Hots (5)                            Note (5)
 
NOTf S FOR TABLE 4 . 1. 8 lo  A  description of three groups is included in the bases of this specif ication.
: 2. Calibrations arc not required when the systems azc not required to be operable or are tripped. If calibrations arc missed, they shall be performed prior to returning the system to an operable status.
3,   The current source provides an instrument channel alignment. Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.
4~  Haximum  frequency required is once per Meek.
: 5. Physical inspecfion and actuation of these position switches    will be performed once per operating cycle.
6~  On  controlled shutdowns > overlap between the IRM' and  APRM'  wil1 be  verified.
: 7. The Flow Bias  Signal Calibration will consist of calibrating the sensors,  flow convcrters, and signal offset networks during each operating cycle. The instrumentation is an analog type with redun-dant flow signals that can be compared. The flow comparator trip and upscale will be functionally tested according to Table 4.2..C to ensure the proper operating during the operating cycle . Refer to C'.1 Bases for further 'explanation of calibration~ frequency.
: 8. A  complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the process computer. The individual LPRM meter readines will be adjusted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100K power.
                                  $0
 
The  frequency of calibration of the APRN Flow Biasing Network has been  established as each refueling outage. There are several i,nstruments which must be calibrated and      it  will take several hours to perform the calibration of the entire netw'ork. awhile the calihration is beinq performed, a zero flow signal will be sent to half of the APRH's resultinq in a half scram and rod block condition. Thu's,    if  the calibration were performed during operati'on, flux shaping would not be possible. Based on experience at other qenerating stations, drift of instruments, such as those in the Flow Biasing Network, is not significant and therefore, to avoid spurious scrams a cal'ibration frequency of each refueling outage is established.
Group (C) devices are    active only during a given portion of the operational cycle. For example, the IRM is active during startup and inactive during full-power operation.        Thus, the only test that is meaningful is the one performed gust prior to shutdown or startup; i.e., the tests that are performed gust prior to use of the instrument.
Calibration frequency of the instrument channel is divided into two groups. These are as followss
: 1. Passive type indicating devices that can be compared with
    'like units on a continuous basis.
2~    vacuum tube or semiconductor devices and detectors that drift or lose sensitivity.
Experience with passive type instruments in generating stations and substations indicates that thespecified calibrations are adequate. For those devices which employ amplifiers, etc. ~ drift specifications call for drift to be less than 0.4%/month; i.e.,
in the period of a month a drift of .4% would occur and thus providing for adequate margin. For the APRM system drift of electronic apparatus is not the only consideration in determining a calibration frequency.      Change in power distribution.and loss of chamber sensitivity dictate a calibration every seven days.
Calibration on this frequency assures plant operation at or below thermal    limits.
A  comparison of Table 4.1.A and 4.1 B indicates that two
                                        ~
instrument channels have not been included in the latter table.
These are: mode switch in shutdown and manual scram. A11 of the devices or sensors associated with these scram functions are simple on-off switches and, hence, calibration during operation is not applicable, i.e., the switch is either on or off.
The  ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Power Density (CMFLPD) to Fraction of  Bated Po~er (FRP) shall be'checked out once per day to determine if the APRM scram requires ad)ustment. his will normally be done by checking the APRH readings.
Only a small number of control rods are moved daily during steady>>state operation and thus the ratio is not expected to change signi.icantly, 46
 
'r The  sensitivity of LPBM detectors decreases with    exposure  to neutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate.      The APRM system, which uses the  LPRM  readings to detect a change in thermal power, will be calibrated eVery seven    days using a heat balance to compensate'for this
'change in sensitivity. The RBM'system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power. It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal oower and therefore any change in LPRM sensitivity is compensated for by the APRM  calibration. The technical specification limits of CNFLPD, CPF.,
MAPLIIGR and R  ratio are determined by the use of the process computer or other backup methods. These methods use    LPR"! readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.
Compensation  in the process  computer for changes  in LPRM  sensitivity will be  made by  performing  a  full core'Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated    LPRM correction factors every lOW effective      full power h'ours.
As a minimum  the individual LPRM meter readings will be ad]usted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent power.
 
                      \
LIMITING CONDITIONS      FOR OPERATION        SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS 3~ 3      CTIVITY CONTROL                            I ~ 3  REACTIVITY CONTROL C. Scram      Insertion  Times                    C.        Scram    Insertion    Times
: 1.      The average    scram                    l.      After  each  refueling outage  all insertion time, based                            operable rods shall be scram time on the deenergization                            tested from the fully withdrawn of the scram pilot inoperable                                        position with the nuclear system valve solenoids,as                              pressure above 800 psig time zero, of all control rods                                                        This in the reactor power                            testing shall be completed prior operation condition                              to exceeding 40$ power. Below shall be no greater                              20$ power, only rods in those A            than:                                        ~
sequences (A12 and A34 or B12 and B34) which were fully with-
    % Inserted    From        Avg. Scram    Inser-                      drawn in the region from 100$
rod density to 504 rod density shall be scram time tested. The 5                    0. 375                              sequence restraints imposed 20                    0. 90                              upon the control rods in the 50                    2~0 100-50 percent rod density groups 90                    3 '                                to the preset    power level may
: 2.      The average of the                              be removed by use of the indi-scram insertion times                          vidual bypass switches associdted for the three fastest                          with those control rods which operable control rods                          are fully ot partially withdrawn of all groups of four                          and are not within the 100-50
                    ~
control rods in a                            percent rod density groups. Xn two-by-two array                              order to bypass a rod, the shall be 'no greater                          actual rod axial position. must than:                                          be known; and the rod must be in
    %  Inserted From          Avg. Scram Inser-                      the correct in-sequence position, 5                    0~  398
: 2. At 16 week intervals, 10$ of the 20                    0. 950                          operab'e control tod drives 50                    2 120                            shall be scram timed above 90                    3. 800                          800    psig. ttlhenever such scram time measurements are made, an
: 3.      The maximum scram                            evaluation shall be made to insertion time for.                          provide reasonable assurance 90% insertion of any                        that proper control rod drive operable control rod                          performance is being shall not exceed F 00      .
maintained.
seconds.
;6~                                                128
 
Unit 3 LIHITZNG COVDZTIGNS FOR OPERATZO>i    SURVEZLLAHCE REqUZREMZNTS 3e7  COW'AX%i..NT S STEM,S              4e 7  CONGA.XN!-'.P.NT SYSTEMS C'e  Secondar    Containment              Co  Secondar I Containment 0    Secondary ccntainment                                          I
            ~                                        1~      Secondary containment integrity shall  be                          surveys,llance shall be maintained in the                        'erformed        as reactor zone at all                          indicated belo~:
times erce"t as specified in 3.7.C.2.
 
~ LIMITINC CONDITIONS    FOR OPERATION  SgRVQILLANCE REQUIRENENTS 3~ 7 COhTA ANENT SYSTEMS          4 7  OtZM NHKNT  S  ST  MS Secondary containment capability to maintain 1/4 inch of water vacuum under calm wind (<5 mph)    conditions  >
vith    a system inleakage rate of not more than 12 F 000 cfm, shall be
                                                            'emcnstrated at each refueling outage prior to refuelinq.
: 2. If  reactor. zone                  2. After a seccndary secondary containment                  containment vio1ation integrity    cannot be                  is determined the maintained the                          standby gas treatment following conditions shall be met:
                                                    'system    vill  be operated in mediately after the affected
: a. The reactor .                      zones are isolated shall be made                      from the remainder      of subcritical and                    the secondary Speci fication                    containment to 3.3.h shall be                    confirm its agility mete                              to maintain the
: b. The  reactor                      remainder of the shall be cooled                  secondary containment down belov 2124F                  at 1/4-inch of water and the reactor                  negative pressure coolant system                    under calm vind vented.                          conditions.
c~    Fuel movement shall not be permitted in the reactor zone.
: d. Primary con ta inment integrity
                  'aintained.
 
4 PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B
 
                                  -17 Monitoring uill be performed usinu standard accepted smpling procc".urea vhich arc on file in the office,of the Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and  Mildli.e Development, Norris,  Tennessee.
. Re  ortinr Becuiremcnt The  rerults vill be su~ari:zed annually in the annual reports of the nonradiological environmental monitoring program.
Baoes A  significant proportion of the river floe vill be routed through the plant for cooling purposes, end during perioas when larval fish are abundan there is the potential 'for entrainment of large nunbers of'ishes.
The  specified study vill determine    the numbers of fish cr,.".s and larvae entrained in the cooler  "~ eater systen resulting from pl .at operation and identiQ tt:e need for po"sible corrective action.
(f)  Fish imnin enent on Xntake Screens    (Delete)
 
ENCLOSURE 2 REASONS AND JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PROPOSED CHANGES TO BROWNS PERRY NUCLEAR PLANT UNITS 1, 2, AND 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS UNIT 1 A  endix A Page  ll, Sections,2.1. J add 2.1.K:
Proposed changes  to these setpoints from +490 inches to 4470 inches. This was omitted in an amendment approved by  NRC  on August 2, 1978, concerning low water level setpoints.
Pages  40, 41, 47, and 48:
These proposed changes consist of adding an explanatory note to Table 4.1.B, changing LPRM to APRM in 4.1 Bases, and changing 4.1 Bases for clarification of LPRM-APRM requirements. The purpose of these changes is to correct previous typographical errors and to clarify calibration requirements.
Page 124,  Section 4.3.C.l:
The proposed change  allows post refuel outage control rod drive scram timing  to be conducted in parallel with the vessel hydrostatic leak test, thus saving about one day in the startup test sequence. The reduction in required test pressure from 9SO psig to 800 psig is conservative in that the scram performance (insert speed) generally decreases accordingly. As can be seen from the attached figure (Attachment 1) which specifies a maximum-minimum scram performance band, the scram time change is insignificant over the desired pressure reduction. The data presented in the attached figure is only applicable to single CRD scrams with charging valve closed or full reactor scram with changing valve open. Scram time is the time from lode og voltage to scram air pilot valves to 90 percent insertion. This data was obtained from General Electric startup test procedures which is a part of the Browns-Ferry RTI5.
 
~Aendix  A continued Pages  240, 241:
Proposed    to delete section 4.7.C.la from the technical.
specifications      and to reletter the remaining paragraph from b to a. This specification is no longer applicable to Browlls Perry as all preoperational tests are completed and the requirement to test secondary containment integrity once per cycle is specified in 4.7.C-lb to become 4.7.C-la.
~Aenddx  B Page 17:      See  Attachment    2 UHXB 2
~Aendix  A Page  ll, 'Sections    2.1.J  and 2.1.K:
Same  as  unit  1 above Pages  40, 41, 47, and 48:
Same  as  unit  1 above Page 124,    Section 4.3.C.1:
Same    as  unit  1 above Pages  240, 241:
Same    as unit  1 above
~Aendix  B Page 17:    See  Attachment    2
 
UNIT 3
~Aendix A Page 13,  Sections 2.1eJ and 2.1.K:
Same  as page 11  for unit  1 above Page 39, 40, 46, and 47:
Same  as pages 40, 41, 47, and 48    for unit 1 above Page 128,  Section 4.3.C.l:
Same  as page 124  for unit  1 above Pages 251,'52:
Same  as pages 240, 241    for unit  1 above
~Aendix B Page  17:    See  Attachment  2
 
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ATTACHMENT 2
                                        , ~
JUSTXFICATIOH POR PROPOSED ETS CHANGE The attached  report vas submitted to EPA on February 13, 1978, as a portion  of TVA's 316(b) demonstration. The assessment of the effect of impingement of fish on the intake screens at Browns Perry Nuclear Plant provides the )ustif5cation for the proposed technical specification change.
In  sununary, the assessment concludes that impingement on the Brows Perry intake has no significant adverse effect on the fisheries resource of Wheeler Reservoir.
 
EFFECTS OF IMPINGEHENT AT BROWNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT ON THE POPULATIONS OP PISH IN WHEELER RESERVOIR January 1978 Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife Development Fisheries and Waterfowl Resources Branch
 
INTRODWCTrnN The Browne    Ferry Nuclear Plant is TVA's largest aperatlng steam sle>>I rl< llenor&#xb9;l lng pl>>bi, h~vlnll &#xb9; threr>>>>IL d&#xb9;&#xb9;lgn c&#xb9;pni'lly of j,456 megawatts    (MW). The  plant  l,s  located on the north bank of Wheeler Reservoir in north central      Alabama  at Tennessee River Mile 294.4.          Initial criticality of units 1, 2,    and 3 vere as    follows: unit 1-August 16, 1973, unit 2-July 20, 1974, and    unit  3>>August 8, 1976.        Between March 27, 1975, and August 31, 1976, no  electricity    was produced due        to an outage caused by a      fire.
During    this time    a reduced  flov of water      was pumped  through the cooling water intake.
Impingement monitoring vas continued uninterrupted from February 1974 through December 1977.        It is    currently being continued      as  part of the require-ments  of the operating license issued          by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and  in accordance vith the format described in the environmental technical specifications for Brovns Ferry.
Descri tion of the Coolin Water Intake and                Pum  in Station The  cooling water intake at        Browne  Ferry consists of    a  shoreline skimmer    wall,  an  intake channel,      a  cooling vater return channel, and        a  concrete pumping    station located at the        end  of the intake channel (Figure 1).          Water passes    through three openings in the skimmer wall.              Each opening    is 12.2  m wide and 7.3    m  deep. The tops of the openings are located          3 m  below normal maximum    pool elevation.
The  intake channel is 150        m  long from the skimmer    vali to  the pumping station.      At normal maximum pool the water depth slang            a 6.1  m vide area in the middle of the channel        is  10.1  m. From  there the sides of the channel slope at a  3:1  ratio. Directly in front of the            pumping  station the bottom slopes      dawn
 
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        --.~:"    '                        C'-.-.-=:
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                                                                                                  .jp              '                f4 L
          '                                                                              I                                      kr
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    'I  %    ~                LW~V r
                                        'L
                                                                                              ~
                                                                                              ~
                                                                                                +t    ',  V
                                                                                                              - ci Q
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                                                                                  ~'pure  l.  .":er='al;"ev of Brovns
                                                                                                .='err@ H        'lear Plant
: t. tK F  0  ttt h ~
 
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                                -:q
~re l. her'al    V'ev of Brovns Per".y ti. "lear PLant  t,
 
an  additional 1.5    m  to the bottom of the intake opening, resulting in            a maximum  depth of 11.6      m at the intake screen at normal        maximum  pool.
The  cooling tower return channel enters the            left  side (facing the I
pumping  station) of the intake channel (Figure 1). Pish              movement up the cooling tower return channel is precluded by              a concrete wall located several hundred meters      upstream from the intake channel.
The 70.7    m  long pumping station contains nine cooling water circulator pumps  (three per unit) and 18 vertical traveling screens. Each pump 'contributes
              -1 13.9 m 3 sec      for a total three-unit condenser and auxiliary demand of 124.9 m 3 sec -1 (1.98 million gallons per minute).
Each  of the endless-belt vertical traveling screens is              housed  in I a .
separate    intake screen well measuring 2.6          m wide (inside dimensions).        The trashrack opening for each intake well measures 1.6                m wide by 7.3    m high.      The screen panels are 2.3        m  wide and support a square mesh steel screen having 9.5  mm  (3/8") openings.        At 9.8  m  of water depth in the intake well,        each 3    -1 screen  is  designed to piss 6.9        m  sec    (110,000 gpm) through a clean surface at
                                  -1 a  velocity of 61.0      cm  sec    (2.0 fps). The screens    are cleaned either on a regular basis (such as      shift    changes  or daily) or after      a maximum  pressure  differential develops across the screens due          to clogging.      The long impingement time      for fish in addition to      exposure to the high pressure        spray system during the cleaning process results      in essentially    100 percent    mortality of  impinged  fish.
METHODS Two  procedures      for estimating    impingement were used during the monitoring period.        From March 1974 through        July  1976 the  following method was employed:      expansion factors were calculated every two months (or less)
 
for  each screen by counting from each screen          in  use  all fish    impinged during four consecutive 12-hour (day/night) periods.            An    expansion factor      for  each screen vas calculated simply by        dividing the total fish for        all  screens by the  total for    each screen. These expansion  factors vere      employed    in subsequent impingement counts to estimate        total  impingement on      all screens from a count of fish from      one  test screen. Three times per week      all fish impinged on the test screen (or alternate screen) vere counted.              To  estimate 'the    total impinge-ment  for all screens, the expansion factor for that screen              vas  multiplied    by the number of each species impinged on the test screen.                  If one  or  more pumps were not    in operation,  a  correction formula vas    used to    adjust the total estimated number impinged.        Revision'-of the environmental technical specifications in September    1976 changed    these impingement monitoring procedures.            Coincident vith    the startup of Unit 3, this revision required a direct count o!                  fish from each screen during one 24-hour period each veek.
Test Procedures Twenty-four hours prior to each impingement count,            all  screens vere simultaneously rotated and vashed to remove impinged trash and                  fish. The screens were then stopped        for a 24-hour  test period. The    test screen (in early tests) or each screen in operation (in later tests)          vas  'vashed    individually after, the 24-hour    test period. The  fish vere collected in      a  large basket at the      end of the screen      wash water    sluice conduit. These  fish vere    then sorted into species by 25    mm  total length increments. The number and total veight (gm) for each size class vere recorded for each species. When excessive fish precluded a direct count of all fish, subsampling within species was conducted. All impinged fish, including those impinged during sampling days as I veil as during days of routine screen cleaning, vere deposited in a sanitary landf'ill.
 
Cooli    Mater Intake Velocities Intake ~ster velocities were measured on          May  18, 1977, during operation of    all    nine condenser circulating pumps.        The average    velocity through the three skimmer wall openings was 29.6            cm sec  1, 28.0    cm sec 1 and 32.0 cm "ec" .        Overall, individual measurements      ranged from 7.0    to 50.0  cm sec  -1 . The mean cross  section intake channel velocity 100          m upstream of the  pumping    station  was 38.4 cm sec    . Velocities ranged from 27.0 to 48.0  cm  sec
              -1 . Seventy-five velocity measurements      taken 1    m  in front of the 18 trashracks averaged 36.6        cm sec    and ranged from 18.0      to 50.0    cm sec 1.
Numerical Anal sis For analyzing and comparing the impingement data, three                distinct 12-month periods were        identified. These are based on the      level of plant operation.      The  first  operational period extended from March 27, 1974, shortly after  impingement monitoring was        initiated, until    March 27, 1975, when      fire interrupted plant operation.          This period included Unit      1  operation from March 27, 1974-August 27, 1974, and Units 1 and 2 operation from August 28, 1974-March 27, 1975.        The average number  of  pumps  in use on the sampling days was 4.6.
The second      period included the    first 12 months    of  no  electric generation following the      fire. During this time a reduced water flow was          pumped  through the intake.      The average    number of pumps in use was 2.4.
The  third operational period represented the first 12 months of normal  operation after the fire. During this period all three units were
 
placed in operation, with an average of 7.2 pumps                  in operation. on sampling days  ~
An  estimate of  total  impingement          for these three 12~nth periods was  obtained by calculating averages      of daily (24-hour) impingement as determined by either of the two procedures described above.                    Average      daily estimates  for  each species  were then  multiplied          by the number    of days
.in each period.
Differences in total observed impingement                (all  speciea combined) between  intake screens were examined for each level of plant operation using the Kruskal-Wallis procedure (Hollander and Wolfe 1973). Only those samples in which counts    were obtained from    all  screens          (6, 12, or  18  for  1    e 2 ~  or  3 unit operation, respectively)      were used  in the statistical procedure.                  Multiple comparisons of impingement by sc'reen were made using a nonparametric procedure based on    Kruskal-Wallis ranks (Hollander and Wolfe 1973). All test statistics were examined    for significance at the    a          0.05  level. These data were also examined    graphically  by  plotting the  pooled proportion impinged on each screen for  each  operational period.
                                                                                          'I Differences between day (0600-1800 hours) and night (1800-0600 hours) impingement were examined      for each species          for  which  total  observed impingement (all day/night test      periods combined)    was  equal to or greater than 1,000 individuals.      A  replicated goodness-of-fit procedure using the                G  statistic      (an alternative statistic of the        more common    X        ) was used to    test the null hypothesis 2'hat the proportion impinged during the day was equal (0.50) to impingement during the night (Sokal and Rohlf 1969).            Test        statistics    were examined      for significance at the      a    0.05 level. For each species            examined,  the pooled proportion impinged during the day        and  night periods          was  presented    graphically.
 
                                          /
Size  distribution of    impinged  fish was examined    for: skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish,      bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie,        sauger, and freshwater drum.      For each of the 12 species,    a  frequency histogram (percentage) of length class    was  prepared summarizing    all available size information collected from March 1974 to August 1977.
The  determination of possible adverse impact by impingement          was facilitated    by the comparison of estimated 12-month impingement          for selected species with numerical standing stock information          for the  same  species derived from cove rotenone data.        Within each operational period, those species were selected which showed estimated        12-month impingement    ~  365 (one    individual per day). For each operational period, standing stock information            for corre-sponding summer months was expanded to a        total  number  for Wheeler Reservoir.
This total number      was  calculated by multiplying the    mean number    per hectare by the    total surface area of    the reservoir. For each species,    this  expansion was performed    separately for both young-of-year (based      on  length class) and    all I
size classes combined.        Estimated number impinged    for each species was then divided by total      and  young-of-year standing stock estimates for Wheeler Reservoir, resulting in      an estimated proportion (expressed as percent) for each length class removed by impingement (referred to as relative impingement in this report) at the intake of      Browns  Ferry Nuclear Plant. This method of estimating impact on reservoir populations has one primary          limitation--the    assumption that for each species in question, cove rotenone data accurately estimate reservoir standing stock.
 
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12 species were <:ol.lected (Table                    l).      During summer cove samples taken in 1974-i977, 60 species" were collected from                            a  total of      15 cove-samples          collected in  Wheeler Reservoir.              Of the species            collected from the intake screens, four represented      95.8 percent of the total'observed                          impingement.            These were threadfin    shad      (76.5 percent), gizzard shad (12.3 percent), freshwater drum (4.3 percent), skip)ack herring (2.7 percent) and were the only species which individually represented                more than 1 percent              of the total observed impingement.
In cove samples nine species each exceeded                            1  percent of the            total numerical standing stock for          all    three years combined:                  threadfin        shad    (37.1 percent),
gizzard shad (28.0 percent), bluegill (16.8 percent), longear sunfish (6.4 percent), redear sunfish (1.6 percent), bullhead minnow (1.4 percent), logperch (1.4 percent), warmouth (1.3 percent), and freshwater drum (1.0 percent).                                              None of the species impinged is currently classified                                as "threatened"          or "endangered."
Estimated Total        I in      ement During the        first        operational period, March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975, an estimated      5.26  million fish of              50 species        were impinged (Table              2). Four species    (skipgack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and freshwater drum) comprised 97.7 percent of the                      total. Thirteen additional                  species exceeded an estimated 1,000 individuals impinged during the 12-month period including                                            silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, blue                              catfish,      channel      catfish, white      bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie, logperch, and sauger.
During the        12 months            which followed the          fire    at    Browne    Ferry (second operational period), the total estimated number impinged dropped from the
 
Table l. Species      list and percent of total for all fish collected from the Browne Ferry intake screens during the monitoring period March 1974-August 1977 and all species collected in 15 cove rotenone samples collected in Wheeler Reservoir in  1974N 1975,      1976, and 1977.
Percent,      Percent Composition  Composition Common Name                          Scientific    Name                (Impinged)
(Cove)'hestnut lamprey                                                            <0. 01                      NC Paddlefioh,                            ~Pol odon  ~sschula                  <0. Ol                      NC Spotted gar                            ~Le isoeteus oculatus                <0. Ol                0. 02 Longnose gar                            ~Le isosteus osseus                  <0. Ol        <O. 01 Shortnose gar                          ~Le isosteus platostomus            <0. 01                      NC Skipjack herring                                                              2. 72              0. 16 Gizzard shad                            Deepsome  ~ce  edianum              12. 30        27.95 Threadfin shad                          Doroooms Hetenenss                  76.49        37.08 Rainbov  trout                          Helmo  Helrdnari                    <0.01                        NC Mooneye                                Hiodon ~ter isus                      0. 01                      NC Grass  pickerel                        Esox americanus      vermiculatus    <0. 01                      NC Chafn pickerel                          Rv<ix ~i, sr                        <0. 01                      NC Stoneroller                            ~Cem  ostoma enema'lum                <0. 01            0,01 Goldfish                                Carassius auratus                    <0. 01                      NC Carp                                    ~trdnus ~car io                      0. 02          0.01 Speckled chub                          ~mbo sis aesciualis                  <0. Ol                      NC Silver  chub                          ~mba  sie storerisna                  0.23          0.27 River chub                              Nocomis ~micro o an                  0.01                      NC Golden shiner                          ~Notami onus ~cr    soleucss          0. 04          O.OS            L" a
Emerald shiner.                        ~Nocto  is athetinoides              0.12          0.10            t Ghost shiner                          ~motto  is buchenani                  0.01                    NC Common shiner                          ~Nocto  is cornutus                      NI"        0. 01 Striped shiner                                                                NI        <0. Ol shiner  'osyface
                                      ~Notxo  ia rubellus                  <0.01                    NC Spotfin shiner                        ~Nocto  is ~silo cerus              <0.01          0. 02
 
10 Table 1.    (Continued)
Percent    Percent Composition  Composition Common Name                  Scientific    Name  (Impinged)      (Cove)
M;;min  shiner            ~Notre  is vhlucellus          <0.01        0.04 Steelcolor shiner          ~Notre  ie ~vhi le1                  NI      0. 01 Bluntnose minnow          ~Pine  hales notatue                NI        NG Fathead minnow  .        ~PIns    hales Hronelas          <  0.01    <O. 01 Bullhead minnow          ~Pine    hales ~vt 1lsx            0. 02      1.38 Blacknose dace            ~Rhtnichth s atratulus          <<0.01          NC Longnose dace            ~Rhtnichth s cetaractae        < 0.01 River carpsucker          ~Car iodee ~car io              < 0.01      <0.01 quillback                ~Car  iodes  ~crtuus          <0.01          NC Highfin carpsucker        ~Csr  iodes  veliier                          NC Northern hogsucker        ~Henteliun ~ni ricans            <0. 01    <0.01 Smallmouth  buffalo      Ictiobus bubalus t
: 0. 01      0.09 Bigmouth buffalo          Ictiohue ~crknellus            <<0.01      <0.01 Black buffalo            Ictiobus ~ni er                  <0. 01    <0. 01    /
Spotted sucker          ~MIn    treaa ~nelson  s            0. 07    0.92 Silver redhorse            Moxostoma anisurum              <  0.01      0.02 River redhorse            Moxostoma carinatum            <0.01      <0.01 Shorthead redhorse                                        < 0.01      <0.01 Black redhorse            Moxostocn      ~du uesnei        <0.01      <0. Ol, Golden redhorse          Moxostona      errthrurnn      < 0.01        0.11 Blue catfish              Ictalurus furcatus                0. 08    <0.01 Black bullhead            Ictalurus melas                  0.02    <0.01 Yellow bullhead            Ictalurus natalis              <0.01          NC Brown bullhead            Ictalurus nebulosus                0.01          NC Channel,  catfish        Ictalurua punctatus                0.39      0.13 Slender madtom            Noturus    exilie                          <0. 01 v
Flathead catfish          ~Plodtctie olivarie                0.03      0.05 Blackstripe topminnow    Fundulus notatus                      NI    0.02 Blackspotted topminnow    Fundulus olivace<<s            <  0.01      0.11 Mosquitofish              Gambusia    affinis          <  0.01      0.03 Brook  silverside        Labidesthes sicculus          <  0.01      0. 10
 
Table  I,  (Continuod)
Porcnnt    Prrr~ nt Composition Composition Common Name                          Scientific  Name        (Impinged)      (Cove)
White bass                        Morone chrh~eo e                      0.55        0. 12 Yellow bass                        Morone ctaste~st    'anais            0.92        0.3&
Striped base                      Horonc    onxatIl In                <0.01            NC Rock bass                          Am~bio Platen r~u>>strip              <0.01      <0.01 Redbreast    sunfish              ~ta osis naritus                    < 0.01            HC Green sunfish                      ~te o is ~ccnellus                      0.33      0.40 Wnrmouth-                          ~Le  o  ta guineas                      0. Ol      1.29 Orangespotted    sunfish          ~Le  oats huetlls                    <0.01        0.20 Blue'ill                        ~Le  oats aacrouhirus                  0.72    16.78 Longenr sunfish                    L~eoels a~enlatts                      0. 08      6s37 Redenr  sunfish                  I~eomis micro o~hue 1                    0. 24      1.84 Spotted sunfish                    ~Le  oats punctntue                  <  0.01          NC Smnllmouth bass                    Mt~era  terus dolanieut              <0. 01      0.21 Spotted bees                      ~Mtcro rerun Munctulatus                0. 01      0. 16 Largemouth bass                    Micro    terus ealaoides              0. 02      0.60 White crappie                      Pomoxlo nnnulnris                      0.11      0.11 Blnck rrnppi>>                      Pomox  to n t~romnculntus              0.01      r0.01 Fantail darter                    8th>>ootomn flnbellave                      NI    0.04 Stripetnil darter                  Etheootomn    kennicotti                  NI    0.12 Redline darter                    Htheostoma    rufilineatum                NI    <Oe01 Yellow perch                      Perca flavescene                          NI    <0. 01 Logperch                          Perctrs    ~ca rodes                  0.04      1. 39 Dusky  darter                    Porc lna eciera                    < 0.01      <0;01 River darter                      Perr.lna ohumnrdi                  < 0.01        0. 03 Souger                            Stizootedion canadense                0.05      0.13 Walleye                            St izoo ted ion vi treum vit reum  <  0.01          NC Freshwater drum                    A~lodtnotus Mrunuteca                  4.34      I '.02 I.,  Not  collected in rotenone nnmplrdd.
Not    observed in impingement snmplee'.
 
LL Table  2  Estimated  total number of  all  fish impinged at Browne  Ferry Nuclear Plant  between March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975 Total Estimated      Number          'Total Eat (mated Impinged      i' Number lmpf nged TLxb                          150 Samples Lamprey                                          10                              24 Chestnut lamprey                                                                  5 Psddlefish                                      69                            168 Spotted gar                                      66                            160 Longnose gar                                                                    27 Shortnose gar                                                                      5 Skipgack herring                          90,807                        220,964 Gizzard shad                              75,440                        183,571 Thresdfin shad                          1,824,188                      4>438,857 Dol'osoela sp                              48,937                        119,080 Mooneye                                        179                            437 Goldfish                                          91                          221 Carp                                              85                          207 Silver  chub                              3,553                          8,646 Golden shiner                                  271                            660 Emerald shiner                              1>269                          3>OSS Bluntnose minnow                                    2                              5 Fathead minnow                                  22                              53 River csrpsucker                                  3                              7 Quillback                                          5                            12 Smallmouth    buffalo                          105                            255 Bigmouth buffalo ,
Spotted sucker                                431                          1,049 Redhorse sucker                                    6                            14 Catfish                                                                          2 Blue  catfish                              1>641                          3,993 Black bullhead                                366                            892 Yell'ow bullhead                                14                            33 Brown  bullhead                                    1                              2 Channel  catfish                          8>924                          21,716 Flathead catfish                              209                            508
 
Table  2~  (Continued)
Total Estimated      Number Impinged In          Total Estimated Taxa                  150 samples          Number Impinged Nosquitofish                                6                14 White bass                            5,805            14,126 Yellov bass                          5, 940            14;453 Striped bass                              21                51 Rock bass Redbreast  sunfish                        3 Green  sunfish                        4,173            10,154 Warmouth                                160                390 Orangespotted  sunfish                                      57 Bluegill                              7,214            17 .556 Longear sunfish                    ~
150                366 Redear  sunfish                      3,250              7,910 Smallmouth bass                          10                25 Spotted bass                              24                59 Largemouth bass                          136                332 White crappie                        3,216              7,826 Black crappie                            27                67 Logperch                                927            2,256 Darter                                      1                  2 Sauger                                1,516              3> 690 Walleye                                  16                39 Preshwater drum                    73 766            179 501 Total                    2>163 >098          5,263,546
 
14 preceding period to 2.69    million fish of    52  species (Table 3). The three clupeids (gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and skip)ack herring) and !reshvatsr drum comprised 9&.2 percent      of  all fish  collected. Seventeen  additional species that exceeded  an estimated    1,000 individuals    for the  12-month period were carp, silver  chub, emerald shiner, ghost shiner, spotted sucker, blue            catfish, black bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, vhite bass, yellov bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, vhite crappie, logperch,            and sauger.
During the  third operational period of three-unit operation,          (September 1, 1976<<August 31, 1977) an estimated 6.67        million fish representing    61  species vere impinged (Table 4).        During  this period, the three clupeids      and freshvater drum were again dominant and comprised 94.6 percent          of the total, vhile    19 additional speciea vere each estimated to          have been impinged    in total  numbers exceeding 1,000 each.      These species vere    silver  chub, golden shiner, emerald shiner, bullhead minnow, spotted sucker, blue catfish, brovn bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, vhite base, yellov bass,          green sunfish,    bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, largemouth bass, vhite crappie, logperch, and sauger.
P Estimated  total weight of    each species    impinged was also calculated.
for  samples  collected during the third operational period (Table 4).            Total weight estimated    for all fish    impinged during    this period  vas 63 metric tons.
Seasonal  Patterns of Im in ament Figure  2  depicts the total impingement estimated by month for the period March 1974-August 1977.        Clupeids showed a consistent pattern of lowest impingement  in  May  or June. Impingement  vas usually highest from December through March. An exception  was 1976-1977 when    clupeid impingement peaked during September-October.
 
15 Table  3 . Estimated total number of all fish impinged at Brovns Perry Nuclear Plant betveen March 27, 1975-March 26, 1976.
Total Estimated    Number Impinged . In        Total Estimated Taxa                    152 samples          Number Impinged Lamprey                                                              23 Paddlefish                                                          15 Spotted gar                                                        481 Longnose gar                                                        21 Shortnose gar                                13                    31 Skip)ack herring                        41,011                98,751 Gizzard shad                            142,578              343,312 Threadfin shad                          793,013            1,909,492 Mooneye                                      144                    346 Grass  pickerel Goldfish                                                            17 Carp                                        471                  14134 Silver  chub                            2,703                  64509 River chub                                      2                      6 Golden shiner                                161                    388 Ps~sss  s sp.
Cmefdid shiner                              922                  2,200 Ghost shiner                                608                  1,464 Spotfin shiner                                                      20 Bluntnose minnov                                                    11 Pathead minnov                                13                    32 Bullhead minnov                            303                    730 Blacknose dace                                  5                    ll River carpsucker                              ll                    25 illback                                        2                      4 Smallmouth    buffalo                      332                    800 Bigmouth buffalo                              16 Black buffalo Spotted sucker                          1,320                  3,178 Redhorse sucker                              47                  114
 
16 Table  3 .  (Continued).
Total gstimated      Number Impinged In          Total Estimated Taxa                    152 samples          Number Impinged Blue catfish                            1,029                2,476 Black bullhead                              493              1 ~ 187 Yellow bullhead                                54                129 Brown bullhead                                                      15 Channel  catfish                          4,749              11,435 Flathead catfish                              436              1,050 White bass                                5,569              j3,408 Y~llw hs<S                              I$ ,n')s Green  sunfish                            1 ~ 294            3oll5 Warmouth                                      103                248 Orangespotted  sunfish                                            19 Bluegill                                  3,913              9 '23 Longear sunfish                              188                  452 Redear  sunfish                          1,064              2 '61 Smallmouth bass                                  3                  8 Spotted bass                                328                  791 Largemouth bass                              234                  564 White crappie                            2,075                4,996 Black crappie                                  15                  37 Logperch                                    702              1,690 Barter                                                              5 Sauger                                      767              1,846 Freshwater drum                        97,140            2331902 Total                        1,116,545            2e688e498
 
Table  4 ~  Estimated t.ot al numb@i and Meight of all fish species impinged at Srowns Perry Nuclear Plant between September 1976-August 1977. Estimates are ba'sed on 54 24-hour samples collected at one-Meek intervals.
Total Est. Number Total Wt. (kg)
Taxa Impinged In 54 sam    lea Impinged In 54 aam les Total Pst. No.
Ttmfn6ad  ~leTotal Est. Wt.(kg) ingate lamprey                        12              0.61              81              4.10 'hestnut Paddlefish                                                0. 21            14              1.45 Spotted gsr                                19            10.93            128              73. 85 Longnose gar                                              0.85                              5.73 Shortnose gar                                              4.94              74            33.38 Skipgack herring                    16,346              171.35        110,487          1,158.23 Gixenr<l Hhad                      200,305          4,235.89      1,353.913          28,631.50 Threadfin shad                    68'>,769          2,189.22      4.635,290          14,797.49 Mooneye                                  97            15.95            656            107.78 Chnin  pickerel                                            l. 36            14              9. 21 Stoneroller                                                .03                              0.20 Goldfish                                  36              8. 83            243            59. 66 Carp                                      10              5.03              68            34.00 Speckled chub                                            0. 08              27              n. 5>
Silver  chub                          l,115              24.42          7,537            )65.07 Hfver chub                                                0.)2                              0.72 Golden shiner                            817            16.83          5,522            113. 78 Emerald shiner                      1,184                7.84          8,003              53.01 Ghost  shiner                            10              0.02              68              0.16 Mimic shiner                              33              0,06            223              0. 41 Bullhead minnow                          182              1. 90        1,230              12.82 Longnose dace                                            0. 01                              0.05 Quillback                                                0. 11            74              0.75 Northern hog sucker                                      0 '4              14              3. 63 Smallmourh  buffalo                    125            48. 95          845            330.86 Bigmouth  buffalo                                        2. 24            34            15.13 Spotted sucker                      1,094,              69.33          7,395            468.61 Silver redhorse                          15              5. 94          101              40.16 Shorthead redhorse                                        0.60                              4.04 Black redhorse                                            2.11              37            14.27 Golden redhorse                          19              8.22            128              55.55
 
18 Table 4. (Continued)
Total Est.Number Total Est. Wt.(kg) Total Est.No. Total Est.Wt.(kg)
Impinged In        Impinged In      Impinged      Impinged Taxs          54 samples        54 samples Blue  catfish                        379          33.79            2,562          228.40 Black bullhead                        88            1.80                595        12.15 Yellow bullhead                                      0. 08                  7        0.55 Brown    bullhead                    263          16.01            1>778        108.18 Channel    catfish                3,657          175.22            24,719      1>184.36 Flathead catfish                      328            9.91            2,217          67.01 Black Spotted topminnow                            <0. 01                  7        0. 01 Brook    silverside                                <0.01                  20          0. 03 Rnite bass                        7,498        131.19            50,681          886.71 Yellow bass                      9>913          234.08            67,005      1,582.21 Striped bass                          30            2.26              203          15. 26, Rock bass                                            0. 04                14          0. 30 Green  sunfish                  5,801            40 ~ 54        39,210          274.05 Warmouth                                58            1.26              392            8.51 Orangespotted    sunfish                          0. 03                14          0.20 Bluegill sunfish                12,572          285.70            84,977      1,931.13 Longear sunfish                  1,374          10.68            9,287          72.18 Redear sunfish                    4,087          184.93            27,625      1,249.96 Spotted sunfish                        1          0.04                  7          0.25-Smallmouth bass                        47            2.80              318          18.93 Spotted bass                          50            l. 53              338          10.
Largemouth bass                      262          17.42            1>771 36'17.75 White crappie                      1,003          23.04            6,780        155.75 Black grapple                          86            4.69              581          31.69 Logperch                              256            l. 70          1,730          11.49 Dusky    darter                          7          0. 03              47          0. 22 River darter                                        0.02                27          0. 12 Sauges,'                              375          52. 74            2,535        356.48 Walleye                                3            2.45                20          16.53 Freshwater drum                  31 924      1  322.38          215 783        8 >38.31 987,310      9,390.88        6>673>488        63,485.19
 
19 1PSMOO Q Clupeld S1lg00 All  older isis
                                                                ~
acoeoo 20~00 102'O I
a+00 l
2QIOO                    I.
I 12@00 6
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      ~00 C
D v      QOO
~0 WOO SOb M  A    M    J    J  A    S    0    N  D    J    F Month                  7d Figure 2. Total estimated monthly impingement at Browne Perry Nuclear Plant for Clupeids (shad) and all remaining taxa during the period March 1974-August 1977. A geometric scale vas required to shou the large range in monthly values
 
'l 20
    +38p$ 00                                Clllpold All other togo 6it+00 '
409/00      \                                        ~G 204/00                                        0 102/00 I
O'QOO 26@00 C
12POO I
I.
h CL I
O      ~00 C
'0 QOO E
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4+00 800 100 M  A    M    J    J  A  S      0    H    0  J l'onth
                                                              ,14 Figure 2. (Continued)
 
                                                    ~  All elhi ~ lIRI St I+00                              I 409/00                            dS 204/00                                      ',
A, 10+00                          I I
SHOO 26Jt00
              \
              \                0 o  12@00 E
00 C
'0 00 E
    +00
                        ) l 11  j
      $ 00 400
                    '      "  J    4    S 0 N  0  J      F Month Figure  2 (Continued)
 
22 fp88r400                      QCtopota All other taxo StaP00 400/00 204gl00 to&00 5+00 25/00 C
E taP00 CL
      ~00 C
D
                            )I 3/00 E
Ol
      ~00 600 400 M  A      M    J Month Figure ~  (Cont:inued)
 
23 Lowest impingement        of clupeids during      May-June was followed by a sharp increase in July and August for the            first  three years of record.        This probably refl'ects the appearance of young-of-year.              However, the    pattern did not hold for the last year of data.          Numbers remained low through August,            the last month reported.      Monitoring not reported here          showed  that threadfin    shed impingement did not increase through December 1977.                The impingement      of low  numbers  of clupeids after    June 1977    is likely associated with        a  very low'ensity of young-of-year I
threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir.              Nonshad taxa showed a      pattern of generally irregular fluctuations in monthly            impingement between 6,000-60,000          fish (Figure 2).
Highest impingement often occurred in March                with the highest value in March 1977.
Co    arison of    Da  and Ni  ht  Im  in ament Species selected      for detailed examination of          day versus    night fmpfngemenf, were:    skip)ack herring, gissard shad, threadfin shad, silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, channel catfish, white bass, yellow base, green sunfish, bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, white crappie, and freshwater                      drum.
The replicated goodness-of-fit procedure indicated significant departure                      from the  null hypothesis      (impingement during the day            impingement during the night) for all    15  species  (Table 5).      For two species,      green sunfish and longear sunfish, pooled G-values were not          significant      even though    total  G-values were    significant.
Thus,    if all replicates      for these    two species    were treated as one observation, we would    accept the    null hypothesis stated        above. Much  of the variability in t'e  analyses was accounted        for  by heterogeneity      among  the replicates.      Thus,  .
differences between.day        and  night impingement ware not consistent between replicates for      all  species  treated.
The data    in Figure    3  show  that for  all  but one species    (longear su<<tish) the pooled proportion of        fish    impinged during night was greater than during daylight.
 
24 Table 5. Results of replicated goodness-of-fit analyses comparing day and night impingement for 15 selected species.              The G-value labeled "Het."
represents the statistic to test the hypothesis that all replicates were homogeneous, i.e., ware drawn from the same population. This value was calculated as the difference; Total G-value - Pooled G-value Hetero-gelleity G value ~
Number                                    G-Values Species                Day            Night                Total          Pooled        Het.
Skip)ack herring            81624        24,533                14,306. 7*      7o957 ~ 0*  6,349.7*
Gizzard shad                9,943        14,171                21025. 7*        745.2e    1,280.5*
Threadfin shad            96,563      181,917                62,308.3*      26,586.8*  35,721.5*
Silver  chub                  502        1I 053                  314.8*        199.5*      115.3*
Emerald shiner                180          426                  185.1*        102.8*        82.3*
Spotted sucker                  18            42                  39.8*          9 '*        30oO+
Channel  catfish              589            858                193.8*          50. 3*      143.5*
White bass                    266            991                647.0*        445.1*      201.9*
Yellow bass                    65,9        11216                358.2*        168oO*      190.2*
Green  sunfish                  99                                56.9*          3.5          53.5*
127'531 Bluegill                                      858                205.3*          77 ~ 7*    127.6*
Longear sunfish                42                    34          36.5*          0.8          35.6*
Redear  sunfish                70              169              125.1*          42.3*        82.8*
White crappie                  145              335              168.8*          77.3+        91. 5" 5'fn~ftosfct Atua          6,08  3      I t>,829              3,864.3<      1,349.9*    2, '514.
level of confidence.
4<'Statistically significant at the    a ~ 0.05
 
2>
Percent
                                          .2 2            .$ 0        .75          sqo SkipJack herring Gizzard shad Day  1$ 5RCNNRi Threadfin shad                                                  Might Silver    chub Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Channel      catfish White bass Yellow bass Green    sunfish Bl ueg l 1 I
                              ,h. h hP Longear sunfish Redear    sunfish White crappie Freshwater drum
                                                          .50          .75          f00 Figure  3  Numbers impinged for selected    species during the 12-hour periods 060'0.-1800 hours and 1800&600  hours. This graph depicts the results of 42 pooled day/night samples    collected between March 19T4-November 1976.
 
26 The seven species    which showed the greatest        tendency    for  impingement during the night were skipjack herring, silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, white bass, redear sunfish, and white crappie (Figure 3).                    For~each  of these over two-thirds of the individuals were impinged during hours of darkness.
Co  arison of  Im  in  ament Aeon    Intake Screens Comparison    of the distribution of impinged fish (all species combined) among  screens  for the three operational periods            showed  differences to    be pro-nounced during    one-unit (screens 1-6) operation (Figure 4).                The Kruskal-Wallis procedure selected two subsets of difference among screens.                  Multiple comparisons selected two subsets of screens with similar impingement: screens 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, and screens    03,  04'5, and'6;        During the second and        third operational periods,'he frequency histogram (Pigure            4) suggested      that higher impingement tended  to occur  on the end screens;      however, no      statistically significant differences    among  screens were detected.
Size Distribution of      I in  ed Pish Pish smaller than 51      mm  appeared    to  be  relatively insusceptible to impingement for      all  12  species examined (Figures        5 end  6). Over 70 percent of the impinged fish were between 51-100            mm  total length for eight species:
skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, and white crappie.                Except  for white crappie, those fish less than    101  mm  total length are    considered to be young-of-year.
Individuals of 76-100        mm length represented over        30  percent of the impinged white crappie.      White crappie    of this  s$ zc  are probably io the second growth season. For the remaining four species        (bluegill, redear sunfish, sauger          and freshwater drum), fish more than 100          mm  in total length accounted for a
 
27 Unit  1  oynratton HI 4/40 are 01  02  03  04  05  06  07    08    09  10    11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 Unit  1-2 operation tt 22raa2 20 g
  ,10 01  02  03  04    05 06    07    Od    09    10    11 12  13  14  15  16  17  18 Unit 1-2 operation tts 27,241
                                        &10 20 10 01  02  03  04  05  06  07    08    09  10    11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 Screeae Figure  4  Distribotion of impinged fish (a11 species combined) among screens at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant for three levels of plant generation. These comparisons include only those samples when all screens ware in use. N is the total number of fish in all 24-hour samples. S is the number of 24"hour samples ~
 
Skip)eck herring                0-  25                  Gizzard shad 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 l76-Threadfln shad                    0-  25                  Channel catfish 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101-125 126-150 15:I.-175 176-White bass                                                Yellow bass 0-  25 26- 50 53- 75 76-100
                                          )0)-125 126-150 151-175 176-100      75          50      25      Length Class        25        50        75    100 (mm)
Percent                                              Percent Fg~ute 5. l.ength frequency distrlbut ton for s< lected fish species Impinged nt, Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant during thc period Herch l974-August l917.
 
29 Green sunfish 0-  25 8luegl l l 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101 .'.25 126-150 151-175 176-Redear                                                      White crappie 0-  25 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101-125 126-150 I
7aaIL 151-175    ~
176-        IIII 0-
                                                      ~
Sauger                                  25                  Freshwater drum 26- 50
                                    ~
Ib a
                                    ~
76  ioo 101-125
                                  ,        126-150 1
151-175 176-75        50      25      Length Class          25        50      75  100 (mm)
Percent                                              Percent Figure 6. Length frequency distribution for selected fish species impinged at 8rowns Ferry Nuclear Plant during the period Harch l974-August 1977.
 
30 considerable proportion of the numbers impinged.              Except  for sauger, these larger sizes probably include fish older than young-of-year specimens.
Com  arison of    Im  in  ement Estimates  with Standin    Stock E>>timates During the three operational periods, 30 species werc impinged at an. average  rate    f one    or more. fish per day for at least one of the periods.
Impingement    of  1?  of these species    exceeded  l percent  of the estimated standing stock (numbers) for one or more operational periods (Tables 6-8).
These included      skip)ack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, mooneye,    carp, silver chub, blue catfish, black bullhead, brown bullhead, channel    catfish, white bass, yellow bass,        green sunfish, white crappie, black crappie, sauger,      and  freshwater drum. Six of these species (mooneye, carp, blue catfish, black and brown bullhead, and black crappie) were either absent or rarely collected in the cove samples.            Except  for blue catfish, the estimated average impingement of each          of these species did not    exceed an average  of three individuals per day.          The  remaining species which were impinged at      1 percent or  more  of the estimated standing stock are discussed below.
Ski ack herrin Estimated impingement of skip)ack herring decreased            during the three operational periods while          mean  numerical standing stock values increased over the years corresponding to the operational periods (Tables 6-8).                Thus, despite the lower intake flow and lower reservoir density of skip)ack herring during the    first  period, the proportion of standing stock          removed by impingement was  greatest in the      first  operational period    and  least during the third operational period (Tables 6-8).
 
31 Table 6. Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) for selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1974) compared with estimated total imp5ngement of these sp'ecies during the period March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975.
I Estimated    Mean  Standing          Percent of standing stock Total    No.      ock No h                    numbers im in~ed Taxa            Xmpinged    YOY            Total            YOY      Tota1 Skipgack herring              220,964      17.70            27.70      45.97      29. 38 Gizzard shad                  190,914    873.05      1,768.30            .81        .40 Threadfin shad            4,553,174    2,447.84      2  '47.84          6. 85      6.85 5          5 Mooneye                            437    NC              NC Silver    chub                  8,646    54.26            54.26        0.59      0'59 Golden shiner                      660    39. 06          39.06        0.06      0.06 Emerald shiner                  3,088      28.85          28.85        0. 39      0.39 Spotted sucker                  1,049      11.05          71.81        0.35      0.05 5          5 Blue catfish                    3,993      NC              NC Black bullhead                      892    NC              NC Channel catfish                21,716      l. 34            9.79      59.68        8.17 Flathead catfish                    508    6.53          13.98          0.29      0.13 White I
bass                14,126      3.61            4.46      14.41      j 1.66 Yellow bass                    14.453      36. 66          36.66          1. 45      1. 45 Green    sunfish              101154      19. 75          26.67          1.89      1.40 Bluegill                      17,556    722. 08    1 I 120. 45      0. 09      0. 06 Longear sunfish                    366  282.09          556.01        <0. Ol    <0.01 Redear    sunfish              7>910    138.01          209.35        0.21      0,14 White crappie                  7,826      1.04            2.08      27.71    13. 86 Logperch                        2,256    206.63          206.63        O. 04      0.04 Sau  ger                      3,690      5.90            7.04        2.30      1.93 Freshwater drum              179,501      51.31          102.86        12.88      6.43
: 1. Refers to young-of-year fish.
: 2. Refers to all ages collected in suamer cove samples.
: 3. Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.
: 4. Not collected on cove rotenone samples.
'5. Calculation not possible.,
I
 
32 Tabl<<7. E<<tom<<ted <<t<<nding stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) for selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1975) compared with estimated totnl impingemetg of these speciea during the period March 27, 1975-Hnrch 26, 1976.
Estimated        Harm    standing            I'or< ont  of stan<ling  sin< k Total no.          H  to 'k n<l/lln                nu~ehe ~ legs tngsil, impinged          YOY            Total              YOY        Totn 1 Spotted gar                      481          7.46            12.54          0 .24      0 .14 Skipgack herring              98,751            9.80            40. 18        37.11        9.05 Gizzard shad                343,312            8. 96        640.19          141-11        l. 97 Threndfin shad            1,909,'<92    1 ~ 565.04        1,565.04              4.49      4. 49 5
I<at p                          1,134          NC                0-51                      8. 19 Silver  chub                  6,509            8. 86            8. 86          2.71      2.71 Golden  shiner                  388          13.47            13.47            0. 11      O.ll Emerald shiner                2>200            6.71            6.71            1.21      1.21 Spotted sucker                3,178        422.81            475. 78          0.03        0.02 5          5 Blue catfish                  2,476            NC                NC 5
Blnck bullhead                i>187            NC                0.28                    15.61 Channel  catfish            111435            5.46            22.89            7.71      l.84 Flathead catfish              1,050            9. 24          18,98            0.42      0.20 White hnss                    13,408            4.76              5.22          10.37        9.46 Yellow buss                  29<936          76.28            77.30            l. 45      1.43 Green  sunfish                3,115          88.97          110.04            0.13      0.10 Bluegill                      9,423    1,702.98          3,204.60              0.02      0.01 Lor<gear  sunfish                452      508.81        1,203.31            <b.ol      <0.01 Redear sunfish                2<561        396.99            483.97            0.02      0.02 Spotted bass                      791        24.27              27.95            0.12      OvlO Largemouth bass                  564        60.52          123.98            0.26      0.13 White crappie                  4,996            2. 05            7.00          8.98      2. 63 Logperch                        15690      468.06            468. 06            0. 01      0.01 Sauger                          1,846        14.37              21. 08          0.47      0.32 Fresh<<ster drum              233,902        151.46            300.17              5.69      2.87
: 1. Refers to young-of-year fish.
: 2. Refers to all ages collected in su<m<<er cove samples.
3:    Bused on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.
: 4. Not collected on cove rotenone samples.
: 5. Calculation not possible.
 
33 Table 8.      I!><rim<It>~<I >>tu>><ll>>II    >>r>>< k numb>>r>>        (I>>>>><><I <>>> <<<>v>>      r>><<>>>>>>>> ><>>mI>l>>>>)
Io< ><<<l<'>'t> <I >>I>>'> I< ><  of  I I><h l>< Wh>><>l<  r  R<>>>>>rv>>    lr  I I'>II>) o>>>IIP>j<'qd MIIh Il>u I'III.
u;<I l>m>I<<<l  I>>I>>l    Iml>l>>II< m<>>l <h>rl>>II        Ihr  I><'rl<><l I 8< I>I  > ml>< r  1<II<>- II h>>II>>><I Mean    standing                Percent of Standing Total    No.                stock (No/ha)                          Stock Numbers Species                        Impinged                  Y                Total                  YOY              Total 2 Skipjack herring                            110,487                30.67              75. 52              13.33              5.39 Gizzard shad                            1,353,913            6,830.07        12,521.83                    0.73              0.40 Threadfin shad                          4,635,290          26,024.10        26>028.07                    0.66              0. 66 Mooneye                                            656                                                        5                  5 NC                NC Silver  chub                                  7,537              96. 43            96.43                0.29              0.29 Golden shiner                                  5,522              39. 80            39.80                0.51              0.51 I
Emerald shiner                                  8,003              63. 82            63.82                0.46              0.46 Bullhead minnow                                1,230            436.22              436.22                  0.01              0.01 Smallmouth    buffalo                            845                NC              38.66                  5 0.08 Spotted sucker                                  7,395              12. 16          152.46                  2.23 5
Blue catfish                                    2,562                NC                0. 26                                36.29 Black bullhead                                    595              NC 5                  5 NC Brown  bullhead                              1,778                NC                NC Channel    catfish                            24,719                2. 89            67.40                31;50                1.35 Flathead catfish                              2,217              13.37              19.20                  0. 61              0.43 White bass                                    50,681              30. 16            33.56                  6.19            '.56 Yellow bass                                  67>005              19.08              21. 06              12.93              11.72 Green  sunfish                              39,210              14.79              41.33                  9.76              3.49 Bluegill                                      84,977          6,60?.19          8  '94.00                  0.05            '.04 Longear sunfish                                9,287          1,995.37          3,238.69                    0.02              0. 01 Redear  sunfish                              27,625            227.18            443.92                  0.45              0. 21 Largemouth bass                                1,771              50.56            277.36                  0.13              0.02 White crappie                                  6,780                0.40              2. 68              62.42              9.32 4                  5                  5 Black crappie                                    581                NC                NC Logperch                                      1, 730            215. 58            215.58                  0. 03              0,03 Sauger                                        2,535                ?.20            72.12                1.30              0.42 Freshwater drum                            215,783                52.41            239.52                15.16              3.32 1,    Refers to young-of-your fish.
: 2. Refers to all ages collected in summer c<>v> samples.
: 3. Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,]50 ha.
: 4. Not collected on cove rotenone samples.
: 5. Calculation not possible.
 
34 Proportion of standing stock removed ranged from 5.39 percent of all  ages  in the third period to 29.38 percent in the first period and from 13.33 percent of youngmf-year alone in the third period to 45.97 percent Ln the first period (Tables 6 and 8).
Gizzard shad Impingement    of gizzard    shad showed a    distinct increase during    the operational periods, exhibiting an order of magnitude increase in the third operational period over the          first  operational period. A  similar increase in numerical standing stock was observed (Tables 6-8) for the three corresponding yearw  of cove rotenone sampling.          This increase in standing stock was also SE reflected in the      1977 cove samples      after high  impingement  of the previous year's standing        stock.'elatively        few youngmf-year gizzard shad were collected in  1975 cove samples      (Table 7) and higher than expected impingement of young-of-year occurred during this second period.              Except  for this case, the proportion of standing stock          removed by impingement was between 0.41 percent and 1.97    percent.
2'"
Despite an order of magnitude increase in standing stock estimates of threadfin      shad from 1974    to 1976, the impingement of threadfin shad      was similar for the      first  and  third periods, (4.55    and 4.64  million fish, respectivelyl Tables    6 and 8). During the second period, the impi'ngement of this species was reduced    to approximately 1.9 million fish (Table 7). Maximum proportion of standing stock removed by impingement            was 6.85  percent (during the  first operational period).        In  1977  the standing stock was reduced to an extremely iow level (Table 9).
 
35 Table 9. Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) of selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservnir (1977}.
3 Me n    standin stock  No/ha Spec ies                      YOY                        Total Skip)ack herring                          30.2                    33.2 Gizzard shad                      l0 ~ 434.4                15,615.3 Thre r>>lfln>>had                            /~                      1 fi. 0 4                        4 Hooneye Silver  chub                            72.7                      72. 7 Golden shiner                            12.6                      12.6 Emerald shiner                                .2                      .2 Bullhead minnow                        185.6                    185. 6
  'Smallmouth buf falo                        3.8                    21.4 Spotted sucker                          15.8                    168.3 4                      4 Blue catfish 4                        4 Black bullhead 4                        4 Brovn bullhead Channel  catfish                        15. 2                    21. 2 Flathead catfish                        10.9                    16.5 White bass                              63.3                    66.4 Yellow bass                            235.8                    237.9 Green  sunfish                          72. 6                  126.3 Bluegill                            2,351.8                  3,880.6 Longear sunfish                        706.3                  1,847.6 Redear sunfish                        600.1                    765.5 Largemouth bass                        118.7                    193.6 White crappie                              2.1                    88.8 4                      4 Black crappie Logperch                              573. 5                573.5
, Sauger                                  55. 4                    60,0 Freshwater drum                        199,7                    348.1
: 1. Refers to young-of-year fish.
: 2. Refers tn all ages collected in summer cove sample <<.    ~
: 3. Based on reservoir surfact area nf 27,150 ha.
: 4. Not collected in cove rotenone samples.
 
Carp were impinged  in relatively high,  numbers  only during the second period. The estimated 1,134  fish represented  8.19 percent of the estimated standing stock of this species in Wheeler Reservoir.
,Silver  chub Silver  chub impingement remained    essentially constant throughout
~he three periods at levels not exceeding an estimated 9,000          individuals per year. The proportion of standing stock removed by impingement        was  least
'ln the  third period (0.29 percent).
Channel    catfish Channel  catfish were impinged    in similar numbers  during the  first and  third operational periods.      Numbers were lowest    during the second period.
Standing stock increased during the corresponding three years of rotenone sampling (Tables 6-8).
The data suggest  that  a  relatively high proportion of youngmf-year standing stock (59.68 percent, 7.71 percent, and 31.50 percent in 1974, 1975, and 1976,    respectively) were impinged.      Computations using standing stock numbers    for all size classes  combined  resulted in  a much  lower proportion removed    during these years (8.17 percent, l.84 percent,      and 1.35  percent, iespect1vely; Tables 6-8) .
White bass Tmpingement  of white bass  was over three times higher    for the three-unit operational period than for the        first and second  operational periods.
Standing stock numbers increased an order of magnitude from 1974 to 1976 I
 
37 (Tables 6-8). As a  result, the proportion of standing stock        numbers  of white bass  in Wheeler Reservoir that were impinged decreased          from the  first  to the third operational period.        Overall, the proportion of standing stock          numbers removed due    to impingement ranged from 14;41 percent for young-of-year in 1974  to 6.19 percent in l976      and from 11.66 percent      for all  ages combined in  1974  to 5.56 percent in 1976.      Despite the increaseg number impinged during the third period, standing stock of young-of-year        and  all  ages combined    of white base increased      from 1976 to 1977 (Table 9).
Yellow bass Impingement  of yellow  bass showed a marked increase over the three operational periods while      mean  numerical standing stock in Wheeler Reservoir tended to decrease      during this period (Tables 6-8).        Consequently,    highest relative    impingement occurred during the      three-unit operational period.          The proportion of standing stock reanved by impingement increased from about 1.5 percent during the      first  two periods  to over  ll percent    during the third period (three-unit operation).          Despite the high impingement during the three-unit operation, standing stock of young-of-year increased              an order of magnitude
,  in  1977 (Table    9).
Green    sunfish Impingement  of this species increased from 10,154 during the            first period to 39,210 during the third operational period (Tables              6 and  8). Conversely, corresponding standing stock estimates decreased          from tne    first  to the third period, resulting in the highest proportion of standing stock being impinged during the third period (9.76 percent of )uveniles and 3.49 percent of 1
all  ages combined).      The  results of cove sampling in    1977 (Table    9), however,    showed the greatest standing stock in this year.
 
White cra    ie Impingement  of vhite crappie shoved    a  slight  decrease  during the three operational periods (numbers were lovest for the third operational period). Standing stock numbers of white crappie were        relatively stable over the  first  three study years (Tables 6-8) and increased greatly in 1977.
Low abundance    of young-of-year vhite crappie in the        1976 samples  resulted in the high  relative  impingement (62.42 percent    of standing stock numbers) for this  age  during the three-unit operational period (Tables 6-8).            Also, impingement vas high compared to estimated standing stock during the            first phriod (27.71 percent of young-of-year and 13.86 percent of the total              summer standing stock of      all  sixes).
~Sau eL'mpingement of        sauger ranged from approximately l,&00      fish in    the second period    to about 3,700 in the    first period. Standing stock estimates increased considerably from the        first to the third    period (Tables 6-8).      The proportion of total standing stock removed by impingement exceeded              1 percent only in the    first  period.
Freshwater drum Impingement  of freshvater  drum vas  highest during the second operational period  when  intake volume and number of screens in operation vaa least (Table 7).
Standing stock estimates      for both young-of-year    and  all  ages combined  reflected this  unexpected outcome and vere greatest      during this period (Table 7).          Impinge-mept  of freshwater    drum appears  to be  a function of reservoir abundance.          The highest relative impingement (Tables        6 and 8)  of young-of-year    drum vas    in the third period (15.16 percent of standing stock        numbers and    in the  first  period
 
39 for all  ages combined (6.43        percent). Standing, stock was greatest in 1977 (Table 9) following the three years of impingement monitoring.
DISCUSSION V
The    large number of species collected on the intake screens at Browne  Ferry Nuclear Plant indicates that the intake is not particularly selective.      Impingement probably represents        a good  qualitative picture of the fish  community      in wheeler Reservoir.      This idea is supported in that species which were unique to        either  impingement or cove rotenone samples were uncommon
(< 0.05 percent      of the total    number  collected),    Compared    with the proportional composition      of the rotenone samples,      a  relatively higher    percentage of threadf in shad and    skipjack herring were impinged          on the  intake screens.      Sunfish species were impinged      in proportions considerably less than those estimated              by cove rotenone samples.        Thus, the pelagic and      highly mobile  shad and    herring    seemed to  be more    susceptible to impingement than sedentary shoreline species such as the  sunfish.      It is recognised,    however, that cove sampling probably over-estimates reservoir densities of sunfish and underestimates                  the more pelagic species.
Impingement    (all  species combined) was lowest for the second operational period  when    intake flow was lowest and highest for the three>>unit operational period when volume intake of cooling water              was greatest. Thus,  overall there was a  positive relationship'etween the level of plant operation                  and impingement.
However,  differences in impingement          among  operational periods for several of the dominant species        (e.g.. spotted sucker, silver chub, white crappie,              and sauger) did not appear to be related to pjant operation                an<I may  have  rcfl<<ct<<d year class variation of these species            in the reservoir.
 
40 Several deviations from the        "typical" seasonal pattern for      monthly impingement    of clupeids .occurred after the start of three-unit operation at Browns Ferry Nuclear      Plant. The  high  fall  impingement (approximately 4.5      million fish from  September    through November 1976) was probably due to          a  large standing stock of young-of-year clupeids in Wheeler Reservoir.              High impingement    in November may    also reflect unusually high natural mortality of threadfin shad due to cold shock from        exceptionally low water temperatures during 1976-1977
            ).
(Fig ure 2). D ecreased  impingement during December-February,        with  even colder water temperatures,        suggests  that this earlier natural mortality        may have severely reduced the numbers of threadfin shad available for impingement.
The  failure of clupeid    impingement as    well  as standing stock to increase to usual levels the following susaner suggests that exceptionally high natural mortality of 'fish the previous winter resulted in              much reduced    levels of recruitment during the spring.            Thus, the low impingement      of clupeids in late    summer 1977    probably reflects low abundance of threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir.
Higher impingement during the night        may be  the result of (1) diel changes    in the distributions of these species in the reservoir (e.g.,              shoreward movement    during the night) causing the fish to          become more abundant      in the intake area during nocturnal periods and/or (2) decreased              ability to    avoid the intake during the hours of darkness.                                    it e erogene ty among replicates Excessive heteroge used    to statistically    examine the    difference between een  day ay an    i      i i a d n g h t impingement accentuates    the highly variable and sporadic nature of impingement.                This probably reflects the contagious          distributional nature of      these species    in the reservoir.
 
41 Impingement was      fairly uniformly distributed        among screens  except during the one-unit operational period.          High impingement on the end screen(s)        is probably the result of higher density along the intake channel shoreline.                  During the one-unit period, the return channel from the cooling towers                had not been excavated.      A corner  was  created by the intake channel shoreline and          left side (Unit    1  screens)  of the intake    pumping  station. These  results suggest that for three-unit operation of          Browne    Ferry Nuclear Plant, the distribution of fish in the intake channel probably            had no  significant effect    on impingement differences      among  screens.
For most species examined, the intake screens at Browne Ferry primarily impinged young~f-year fish larger than                51 mm  in total length. Th' absence    of smaller individuals probably is          due  to the size opening of the intake I
screen.      Smaller fish could be abundant in the intake but would pass through the screens and be entrained with the cooling water.                The predominance    of juvenile fish in    impingement samples      is probably a result of several factors: (1) the greater relative abundance          of these age classes in the reservoir (e.g., the high impingement      of clupeids during late      suuaaer  months  is related to the high abundance    of juveniles of this group in the reservoir}; (2) juvenile fish of some    species  may  concentrate in shoreline areas and thus          be relatively  more susceptible to the intake at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant;                and (3)  juveniles are il weaker swimmers than adults          of the same    species and thus are more    likely  to be impinged given      similar exposure levels.
For three dominant species        (skipjack herring, channel catfish,      and freshwater drum) which exhibited high impingement levels compared to estimated standing stock, relative as well as            total  impingement  for the third period    was less than or similar to that for the            first  period. This suggests that impingement
 
42 at  Srowns Ferry Nuclear      Plant was not directly related to standing stock or intake water flow for these species.            White base also showed lowest    relative impingement during the        third period despite increased total        impingement.
Standing stocks of this species increased over the four-year period (1974-1977}.
Mhite crappie and yellow base showed higher relative impingement during the third than during the          first  operational period.      The potential for    adverse impact from impingement        for white crappie    appears  to be minimized by the    fact the estimated 12~nth impingement            was  actually slightly less for e  three-unit than the one-unit operational period.            The estimated  impinge-ment    for the three~nit operational period probably included fish from the abundant 1975 year class.          Recruitment of white crappie in Wheeler Reservoir during 1976      was  apparently very poor and resulted in high relative impingement for the corresponding operational period.
Although impingement of yellow bass was highest during the three-unit operational period, the large increase in standing stock the following year suggests      that impingement did not have an adverse impact on this species.
Mopneye, blue    catfish,  and black bullhead were    infrequently collected in    cove rotenone samples;      hence,  it was difficult to assess      the potential for adverse impact due to impingement.            Since these species are    routinely collected in other types of sampling          and since estimated numbers impinged were small, the possibility of      a  deleterious effect to the reservoir population appears unlikely.
Sunfish impingement increased approximately fourfold from the              first tq the third operational period.            Except  for  green sunfish, the standing stock estimates were      much  greater in 1976 than in 1974.        The proportion standing stock r~ved      by impingement was low (< 1 percent}        for all periods.      Expansion of
 
43 cove  densities of suqfish to reservoir density      by che mechnd used here prnhnhly produces an overestimate    of reservoir standing stock. However,  it i8 experced that, except for green sunfish, adgusting the standing stock to only the productive areas of the reservoir vould show impingement        co be  lese than    1 percent of che standing stock.
CONCLUSIONS
            'early all  species in Mheeler Reservoir, excluding    some  darters  And shiners, vere collected from the Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant intake screens            ac least  once since 1974. For the 42 species impinged at rates estimated co be one  fish or less per day, the potential for an adverse impact is lov. None of these species is present in such low numbers that the removal of up to 365,fish per year would adversely affect their populati,ons.
Thirteen of the remaining 30 species vere impinged at rates estimated to exceed one fish per day but in numbers vhich represent less than          1  percent of the estimated reservoir standing stock.        hll of  these species are    common to  che Tennessee  Valley and, except for bluegill    and redear  sunfish, less than 1O,OOO    fish per year of  each species  vere estimated to be impinged.        For these species this level of impingement    is not  considered  sufficient to  cause an adverse impact to the respective populations      in Mheeler Reservoir. Furthermore, although    bluegill and redear  sunfish vere impinged in high numbers,      compared    co the estimated standing stock this loss.(< O.l percent for bluegill.and            < O.S percent for redear) appears to be negligible in terms of impact tn        their populations.
Five of the remaining  17  species vhich vere impinged at rates exceeding 1  percent of the estimated standing stock for at least. one 12-month period were
 
44 rarely collected in    cove samples. Because  these species      (mooneye, blue    catfish, black and brovn bullhead, nnd black crappies) arc            common  in  Tennessee  Valley vaters and vere impinged at rate" estimated to be less than three individuals per day, impingement is not considrred to have the notential for adverse impact.
The remaining  lo species vere    impinged    in  numbers exceeding 1 percent of their estimated standing stocks.        Among  these,    ,tanding stock data for skipJack herring and gizzard shad did not reveal any effect              of plant operation on  their population levels in    Wheeler Reservoir.        For both species the proportion of standing  . tock impinged vas least in thc      third period vhen standing stock estimates vere highc. t.. At thc end  of three years of'peration nnd monitoring, these populations do not appear to have been adver ely af'fected by the Brovns I'erry Plant. The much reduced  standing stock of threadfin shad in 1977 reflects the  effect of lov trmperature rnther than      any    effect of the intake.      It, is cxnected that the rrcnvrry      of this species    vill be      independent  of plant operation.
It. is very unlikely that the impingement of 1,134 carp per year vould pose  an adverse    impact to  this population.        Similarly, silver chub,      a species commonly impinged throughout much 1
of the    Tennessee    Valley, vas collected in sufficiently lov    numbers  to preclude the poss5bility of          an adverse  impact to the Wheeler Reservoir population.
Channel  catfish densities are probably poorly estimated by            cove rotenone sampling.      This species appears to be more charncterist5.c of the main-stream portion    nf the reservoirs. Standing    .". ock numbers increased -through-cut the three years of monitoring and annual impingement did not increase appreciably from the fi.rst to the third operational period              (maximum 25,000      .ishI, zherebv demonstrating    thr absence  of adverse impact.
 
The increased    impingement  of ~hite  bass from the  first to  the third period,may be due to both increased plant operation and increased abundance.
The  density of this fish is also probably underestimated by cove rotenone since  it is  a pelagic species more characteristic of the open reservoir,          Since the standing stock of white bass increased from 1976 to 1977 despite impingement of  51,000  inuividuals of the    1976 standing  stock, impingement of white bass does .not  constitute  an 'adverse impact.
The  Yellow bass population probably experienced no adverse impact from impingement.      Although increasing impingement coupled with decreasing standing stock estimates during the monitoring period resulted in a          maximum stock removal    of 11.22 percent for all    ages combined, the very high standing stock of young-of-year in 1977 probably precludes an adverse impact.
Green sunfish   showed a trend of increasing impingement     and decreasing standing stock which resulted       in greatest potential for   impact during the third period of three-unit operation.         However,   neither the total number impinged nor the proportion       of standing stock impinged is expected to adversely affect     this population. The decreasing   trend in green sunfish standing stocks was continuous from 1969 through 1976.           Additionally, the increased standing stock in 1977 indicates that the impingement has not adversely affected     this population.
White crappie were probably greatly underestimated by cove sampli,ng.
White crappie were probably greatly underestimated by cove sampli,ng.
The impingement of up to 8,000 individuals per year is not expected to represent an adverse impact to the Wheeler Reservoir white crappie population.
The impingement     of up to 8,000 individuals per year is not expected to represent an adverse   impact to the Wheeler Reservoir white crappie population.           Similarly, the removal of up to 3,700 sauger per year is not expected to adversely affect the reservoir population.
Similarly, the removal of up to 3,700 sauger per year is not expected to adversely affect the reservoir population.
Freshwater drum impingement appears to be more related         to standing stock than to the level     of plant operation. Since the proportion   of drum stocks
Freshwater drum impingement appears to be more related to standing stock than to the level of plant operation.
 
Since the proportion of drum stocks 46 removed by impingement and the annual impingement has not increased through-out tho years ol plant operation, the posslbtllty of an ndverso fmpact ls unl ike1y.In suaaaary, the overall impingement of fish at Brogans Ferry Nuclear Plant does not appear to represent an adverse environmental impact to the Wheeler Reserv~r f.'ah community.
46 removed by impingement and   the annual impingement has not increased through-out tho years ol plant operation, the   posslbtllty of an ndverso fmpact ls unl ike1y.
47 IeITERATURP CITED Hollander, H., and D.A.%olfe.1973.Nonparametric statistical methods.John Nley and.";ons, Inc.503 pp.Sokal, R.R., and P.S.hohlf.1969.3iometry.M.H.Preeman and Company, San Francisco, California.
In suaaaary, the overall impingement of fish at Brogans Ferry Nuclear Plant does not appear to represent an adverse environmental impact to the Wheeler Reserv ~r f.'ah community.
776 pp.
 
47 IeITERATURP CITED Hollander, H., and D. A. %olfe. 1973. Nonparametric statistical methods. John Nley and .";ons, Inc. 503 pp.
Sokal, R. R., and P. S. hohlf. 1969. 3iometry.         M. H. Preeman and Company, San Francisco, California. 776 pp.
 
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Latest revision as of 17:28, 3 February 2020

Proposed Amend Changing Tech Specs Re Typographical Errors,Clarification of Low Power Range Monitor Requirements,Removal of Obsolete Requirements & Reduction of Scram Timing Pressure Restrictions.W/Impingement Study
ML18024A718
Person / Time
Site: Browns Ferry  Tennessee Valley Authority icon.png
Issue date: 03/01/1979
From: Gillelend J
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
To: Harold Denton
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
TVA-BFNP-TS-122, NUDOCS 7903120303
Download: ML18024A718 (111)
v • d • e


Text

ENCLOSURE 1

PROPOSED CHANGES TO UNIT 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX A

t SAFETf L.l LMIT Fuel Claddin Inta rit LIHITINC SAPETT 2.1 Fuel Claddin I

SYSTRH SETTING Inta rit Core eptay and U'CI > 378 in.

actuation

~

teactot above vebbe lou uatet level sero J. HPCI end RCIC > 470 iri.

ac'tuation reactor above vebbe'I Icnr water level sero Ko H4fn bteaQL isola > 470 in.

tion valve cloeure above veebel reactor lou vater sero level

TABLE a+1~B REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM (SCRAM) INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION MINDCUM CALIBRATION FREQUENCIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUMENT CHANNELS Instrument Channel Group (1) Calibration Minimum Frequency (2)

IRM High Flax Cccaparison to APRM on Control- Bate (4) led Shutdowns (6)

APRM High Flux Output Signal ~ B Heat Balance Once every 7 days Flew Bias signal B Calibrate Floe Bias Signal (7) Once/operating cycle B TIP System Traverse (8) Every 1000 Effective Full Pcerer Hours High Reactor Pressure Standard Pressure Source Prexy 3 Months High Dryvell Pressure Standard Pressure Source Every 3 Months Pressure Standard Evezy 3 Months

. High Rater Level in Scram Discharge Volame h Note (5) Note (5)

Turbine Ccadeaser Lcm Vacuum h standard Vacuum Source 5

Every 3 Months I

Main Steam Line Imlation Valve Closure h Note (5) R)te (5)

)Cain Steam Liae High Radiatioa B Standard Cuxrent Source (3) Every 3 Months Turbine First stage. Pzessare permissive h Standard Pressure Source Every 6 Months Turbiae contxol valve - Loss of oil pressure h Standard Pressure Source ChaceIoperating cycle Tarhine Stop Valve Closure Note (5) Note (5)

NOTES FOR TABLE 4'.l.B 1, A description of three groups is included in the bases of this specif ication.

2. Calibrations are noc rcquiied when the systems aze not required to be operable or are tripped. If calibracions arc missed> they shall be performed prior co returning the syste'm to an operable status.
3. The current source provides an instrument channel alignment. Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.

4~ Haximum frequency required is once per week.

Physical inspection and actuation of these position, svitches vill be performed once per operating cycle.

6, On controlled shutdowns> overlap between the IRM's and APRM's will be verified.

7. The Flow Bias Signal Calibration will consist of calibrating the sensors, flow convcrters, and signal offset necwotks during each operating cycle. The instrumentation is an analog type with redun-dant flov signals that can be compared. The flow compazacoz trip and upscale will be functionally tested according to Table 4,2.C to ensuze the proper operating during the operating cycle. Refer to C'.1 Bases for further explanation of calibration frequency.
8. A complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the process computer. Tke individual LPRN meter readings vill be adjusted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100% pover.

The frequriicy of r.il ilirntion of tli< /'<pgN F1<iv Bfn <inx .'l< twnrh ha<i been i <<t<<hi I </lii'<l a!i i ach rcf<<i. if<<<; ui<r.<g<;. Tlii.r<. <<t>>:;. v< i:il I<<<.t rumenc'<

whfch must be col fbrat>>d anil fr wf ll take aevi ral hn<<r<< to perform the calibration of ch>> enr.fre network. Whfle the calfbratfon is being per-formed, a acro flow signal will bi-. sent ro half o! the 'O'g'l's resulting in a half scram <ind rod block condf.r,ion. Thus, if the calibration were perforned during operation, flux shaping would not be possible. 'Based on experience ac other gcncracing scatfons, drift of instruments, such as those fn ci<c Flow Biasing Hecwork, fr not sfgiiiEicant and therefore, to avoid spurfous scrams, s calibr ~ tfon frequency of each refueling out-age is es ablfshcd.

Croup (C) devices arc 'act fve,only durfr<g a gfven port fon oE che opera-tional cycle. For example, chc It:.'! is active during certup and inactive

~

during full-power oper-cfon. Thus, chc only tcsc char. fa aeanfngful thc one performed gust prior ro shutdown or startup', i.c., the tests that are perforned gust prior to use of the instrument.

Calfbracfnn frvq<<>>ncy of thc in<icrumcnt chnnicl i~ divided into two groups. These are as folio~a:

l. F ssive type indfcatfng devfces chat can be co~pared with like units on a continuous basis.
2. Vacuum tube or semiconductor devices an>quat>> aargfa. Vor the Apg'f system drf ft of clcctronic apparatus fs not:he only considera-tion fn determining a calibration frequency. Ch.ngu .n power distribu-tion and loss of chac<ber sensftivity dictate a calibration every seven days. Calfbrar ion on this frequency assures plant operation at or below thermal if~its.'

coaparfson of Tables'4.1.A and 4.1.6 indicates that two instr~ant channels have not been included fn thc latter cable. These are: code switch in shutdow<i and cianual scram. All of the devices or sensors associated wfch these scram functions arc sf ~pie on-off switches and.

hence,,calfbratfon during operation fs noc sppl'cable, f.e., the swfcch f,'s either on or off.

The ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Power Density (MFLPD) to Fraction of Rated Power (FRP) shall be checked out once per day to determine if the.APRM scram requires ad)ustment. This will normally be done by checking the APED readings. Only a small number of control rods are moved daily 47

~ ~ ~

4~1 BASF.S during steady-state,opera'tion"and thus the .ratio is not expected to change significantly.

The sensitivity of LPRM detectors decreases with exposure to'eutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate. The APR'I system, which uses the LPRM readings to detect a change in thermal power, will be calibrated every seven'days using a heat balance to compensate for this change in sensi:tivity. The RBM system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power. It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal gower and therefore any change in LPRM sensitivity is comoensated for'y the APRM calibration. The technical specification limits of CHFLPD, CPF.,

MAPLIIGR and R ratio are determined by the use of the orocess computer or other backup methods. These methods use LPR'.! readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.

Compensation in the process computer for changes in LPRH sensitivity will be made by performing a full core Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated LPRH correction f"ctors every 1000 effective full

' power hours.

As a minimum the individual LPRH meter readings will be adjusted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent oower.

'[nti CAiMO LT KOi<S FOR OPEPuXT iO,'4 .SURVRiLLAhCF. RE UIRQK!iTS 3 3 K Control Rods 4 3 8 l'oncrol Rods 4, Control rods shall noc be Mhen required, Cha presence withdrawn for starcup or of ~ second 1iceasel refueling unless ac least operates'o verify the followiag ot cuo.source range channels the correct rod prograa shally have an observed count race be verified equal to or greater chan

~

thrae counts per second'. 4. Prior co control rod vithdraMal for acarcup or during refueling, 5..During opcracion Mich verify chac at lease tMo source 1 i<<icing cont ra 1 rod pa c- 'ange channels have ao observed.

carns, as dccermined by the counc race of at least three designated qualified person- counts per second. C nel, either:

a. Noth R8H channels shall 5. Mhen a limiting control rod be operable: pattern exists, an insceceant or functional test of the RN shall be performed prior to b~ Control rod vichdraMal vichdraval of the designated shall be blocked. rod(s) and at least, once per 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> thereafter.

C. Scram Insertion Times 1.After each -refueling outage all operable rods shall be scram time~

tested from the fully vithdrawn position vith the nuclear system pressure above 800 psig This Insertion Times testing shall be co<<pleted prior to C. Scram exceeding 40X pover. Belov 20X l, The average scram insertion pover, only. rods in those sequences Cine, baaed on the deenergi- (A12 and A34 .or B12 and B ) vhich zacion of the scran pilot valve vere fully withdrawn in th$ region aolenoids as tire zero, of all from 100X rod density to 50X rod operable control rods in the density shall be scram time tested.

reactor power opera c ion condi The sequence restraints imposed upon Cion shall bc no greater than: the control rods in the 100-50 percent rod density groups to the X Xnsortad Froo Avg. Scram Inser- preset pover level may be removed Full Mithdrcun tion Tines sec by use of the individual bypass switches associated vith those .

5 0.375 control rods vhich are fully or 20 0,90 partially vithdravn and are not 50 2.0 vithin the 100-50 percent rod density 90 3. 500 groups. In order to bypass a rod, the actual rod axial position must be knovn; and the rod <<ust be in the correct in-sequence position.

124

a' Whsga~

'a 0

Unit 1 l,wIviir. Cn~nivlnns Fnli sprat TIOU SURVFII.LaÃCF RE~UIM ~FMTS 3.7.C Secondary Containment 4.I.c Secondar Containment

1. Sc condnry containment intc; .1 ~

I Secondary containment surveil-durity shall be maintained in lance shall be perfoaaed as the reactor aonc" at all times indicated helot:

except as apccf(iud in 3.7.C.2.

240

lP t

%14t 'I 0

4 ~ 7.C Seconisr I Containment

a. Secondary containment capa-bility tomaintaim 1/4 inch o vater vacuum under calm Mtn'

+ 5 mph) conditions Mith s system inleafcage tate o f not more than 12,000 cfm, shall be demonstrated at each refueling outage prior to refueling.

2. If reactor zone secondary con-1
2. After a secondary containment tainment integrity cannot be violation is determined the maintained the folloving con- standby gas treatment system ditions shall be met: vill be operated inanedisteiy after the affected zones are isolated from the remainder of
a. The reactor shall bc made the secondary containment to aubcrit ical and Specif ica- confirm its abil'y to main<<

tion 3.3,A shall be mer.. tain the remainder of the secondary containment at 1/4-

b. The reactor shall be cooled inch of Mater negative prcssure dovn beloM 212'F and the under calm Mind conditions.

reactor coolant system vented.

c; Fuel movemcnt shall not bc permitted in the reac-tor zone.

d. Primary containment 'ntegri:y ma inta i ned .

3, Secondary containment integrity shall be mslntnlned in the re-fueling zone, except as speci-fied in 3.).C.4.

24)

0 PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT' TECHNICAL SPECIPICATIONS APPENDIX B

Monitoring vill be perfors:e6 usinu standard accepted scnpling procc."urea vhich arc on fil'e in the office of'he Division of Forestry, Fisherics, and Hildlife Development, Norris, Tennessee.

Re ortins Recuirencnt The results vill be smaaarized annually in the annual reports of the nonradiological environnental monitoring program.

Baaas proportion of the river flow vill be routed through the plant f'rsignificant A

cooling purposes, and during periods when larval fish ar'e abundan

'for there is the potcrtial entraicuaent of large numbers of fisbes.

The specified study will deteraine the numbers of fish crgs and larva entrained in the cooler"., vater system resulting frow pl.nt operation and identify the need for possible corrective action.

(f) Fish inoin enent on Intake Screens (Delete) was f

\

s",

\

PROPOSED CHANGES TO UNIT 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SAFETY LIHIT LIHITINC SAFETY SYSTEH SEITING A.l" tuel Claddin Int>> rit 2il Fuel Claddin Inta rit I ~ Core epray and LFCI ~ 378 in.

actuation reactor above vestee lou water level cero J. HPCI and RCIC ~ 470 in.

actuation reactor above vesset le vater level cero K. Main ateam ieola<<> 470 in.

tion valve cloeure above veeeef reactor lou eater cero level

TABLE 4alaB REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEN (SCRAN) INSTRUNKNT CALIBRATION NININUN CALIBRATION FREQQE!CIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUNZNT CHANNELS Instruaent Channel Group (I) Calibration Nininum Frequency (2)

IRN High Flux Caaparison to APRN on Control- Note (4) led Shutdowns (6)

APRN High Flux Output Signal ~ B Heat Balance Oace every 7 days Flow Bias Signal B Calibrate Flow Bias Signal (7) Once/operating cycle LPRN Signal TIP System Traverse (8) Every 1000 Effective Full Power Hours High Reactor Pzessure Standard Pressure Source Every 3 Nonths High Drywall Pressure Standard Pressure Source Every 3 Nonths Reactor Low Mater Level Pressure Standard Every 3 Nonths High heater Level in Scraa Discharge Volam Hots (5) Note (5)

Tarbine Ccadeaser Low Vacuua Standard Vacuua Source Every 3 Ncaths I

Naia Steaa Line Isolation Valve Closure Note (5) Note (5)

Naia Stean Line High Radiati.oa Standard Current Source (3) Every 3 Noaths Turbine First Stage Pressure

. Pernissive Standard Pressure Source Evezy 5 Ncaths Turhiae Coatrol Valve - Loss of Oil Pressure A Standard Pressure Source Csee/operating cycle Turbine stop valve closure Note (5) Note (5)

NOTFS FOR TABLE 4.1.1 A description of three groups's included in the bases of this speciEication.

2. Calibrations are not required when the systems are not required to be operable or are tripped. If calibrations arc missed, they shall be performed prior to returning the system to an operable status.

3, The current source provides an instrument channel alignment. Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.

4~ Haximum frequency required is once per week.

Physical inspection and actuation of these poiition switches vill be performed once per operating cycle.

5~ On controlled shutdowns> overlap between the IRM's and APRH's will be verified.

7. The Flov Bias Signal Calibration vill consist of calibrating the sensors, flow convcrters, and signal offset networks during each operating cycle. The instrumentation is an analog type vith redun-dant flov signals that can be compared. The flow comparato" trip and upscale vill be functionally tasted according to Table 4,2,C to ensure the proper operating during the operating cycle. ReEer'o 4'.1 Bases for Eurther explanation of calibration frequency.
8. '

complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the

~

process computer. The individual LPRN meter readincs vill be ad)usted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100% power.

'.t<<tMork ha>> been Th<< freque>>cy o5 r.>11hrnt ion of t'l>> Assed Fl<>M Bin >lax

<<!> <<<<ch refuel in;; uut <<g<<. There <<rc <<.~v> r!>1 1n<<trumrnts a at<<hit<<had Mhich must be ca11hrat<<d and it M111 takr. acv<<r<<1 hnur<< to perform the is being per-calibration of the entire nctuoA. While the calibration formed, a aero EloM signal will b<<sent to half of the >'ZRH's resulting in s half scram and rod block condition. Th>>s, if the calibration Mere performed during operation, flux shaping uould not be possible. Based on cxper'fence at other generating stations, drift oE in truments, such aa those in the Flov Biasing Hetuork, ir not significant and therefore, to avoid spurio>>s scrams, a cal.ibr tion frequency of each refueling out-age is establ ishcd.

Croup (C) devices are active only durin" a given portion oE the opera-tional cycle. For example, the 1g.'! is active during startup and inactive during full-pover oper" tion. Thus> thc only test that is meaningful thc one performed gust prior to ehutdoun or startup, 'i.c., the tests that are performed gust prior to use of the instrument.

Calibrntion frequency of thc in<<trumcnt chan >cl 1e divided into tvo groups. These are as folloMe:

1. P ssive type indicating devices that can be comp-red vith like units on a continuous basis.
2. Vacuum tube or semiconductor devices and detectors that drift oz lose sensitivity.

Experience vith passiv" type instruments in generating stations and oub-stations indicates that the specified calibrations are adequate. For those devices which employ amplifiers, etc., drift specifications call for driEt to be less than 0.4X/month; i.e., in the period of a month a d> ift of . 47 Mould occur acd thus providing for adequate margin. Por the APR.'1 system d. 1Et of electronic apparatus i<<not:he only considera-tion in determining a calibration frequency, Change in power distribu-tion and loss of chamber sensitivity dictate a calibration every seven days. Calibration on this frequency assures plant operation at or belov thermal limits.

A comparison of Tables 4.1.A and 4.1.B indicates that two instrument channels have not been included in thc latter table. These are: mode sMitch in shutdown> and manual scram. All of the devices or sensors associated vi th these scram funct ions are s imp le on-o. f svitches and, hence, calibration during operation is not sppl'cable, i.e., the switch ie either on or off.

The ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Pover Density (MFLPD) to Fraction of Rated Power (FRP) shall be checked out once per day to determine if'he APRM scram requires adJustment. This will normally be done by checking the APRM readings. Only a small number of control rods are moved daily 47

4~1 BASFS durYng steady-state operation and thus the ratio is not expected:. to change significantly.

The sensitivity of LPRM detectors decreases with exposure to neutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate. The APR'I system, which uses the LPBM readings to detect a change in thermal vower, will be calibrated every seven days using a heat balance to compensate For this change in sensitivity. The RBM system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power. It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal oower and therefore any change in LPWI sensitivity is comoensated for by the APRH calibration. The technical specification limits of CHFLPD, CPF.,

MAPLIIGR and R ratio are determined by the use of the orocess computer or other backup methods. These methods use LPR.'! readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.

Compensation in the process computer for changes in LPRM sensitivity will be made by performing a full core Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated LPRM correction f-ctors every 1000 effective full power. hours.

As a minimum the individual LPRM meter readings will be ad)usted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent power.

L IInc covnLYKovs Foa opERXTtov SURVr.lLLANCF. RE UIRKY. 'HIS 4.3.8 Contxol Rods 4~ Control rods shall noc be vithdraMn for ecarcup or When required, the preaaaca refueling'nless at least of ~ ascoad 1icaaaad operator cMo.source range channels to verify ths followtog ot have an observed count the correct rod program shalL to or grcacer chan rate,'qual be verified.

~

three counts pcr accond'. 4. Prior co control rod withdravsl for scaxcup or during refueling, 5.,During. operation Mich verify thac ac lease tvo source lcaxns, imi ting control rod pa c-ns determined by che

'ange channels have ao observed count rate of ac least three designated qualif icd persou- counts per second.

nel, either:

a, Both RBtl channila shall 5. When a limiting control rod ba. opcrablc: pattern exists, an lnstrLxssat

'or functional teat of the lQA shall be pcrfoamcd prior to b Control rod wichdraval withdrawal of the designated shall be blocked. rod(s) and ac least once per 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> chereaftar.

C. Scram Insertion Times 1.After each refueling outage all operable,,rods shall be scram time tested from the fully withdrawn position with the nuclear system pressure above gOO psig This C. Scram Insertion Times testing shall be completed prior to exceeding 40X power. Below 20X power', only. rods in those sequences

l. The average scraDI inecL'cion (A12 and A34 .or B12 and B ) which Cima, baaed on the dccnergl-zacion of the scram pilot valve were fully withdrawn in tlat region colcnotds as time zero, of all from 100X rod density to 50X rod operable control rods in che density shall be scram time tested.

reactor power oparacion condi The sequence restraints imposed 'upon tion shall be no greater chan: the control rods, in the 100-50 percent rod density groups to the X Inserted Prom Avg. Scram Inser- preset power level may be removed Full With raMn by uee of the individual bypass switches associated with those 5 0.375 control rods which are fully or 20 0.90 pnrtially withdrawn and are not 50 2.0 within the 100-50 percent rod density 90 3. 500 groups. In order to bypass a rod, the actual rod axial position must bi known,'nd the rod aust be in the correct in-sequence position.

124

7 Al 1~~4@

Wi'

Unit 2

>.shnrif: Cn~nlvin.iS Fnii nrrar71OU SURVF1LLhÃCF RK'iIU1v ~FNTS 3.7,C Secondary Containment

l. Sc condnry containment inte- 1. Secondary containment surveil-grity shall bc maintained ln lance shall be performed as the reactor tone at all times indicated helot:

except as ~pcclfled ln 3.7.C.2.

240

3oloC

~ ~ Secondar Containment 4.7.C Scconiar i Containment

a. Secondary containment capa-bility tomaintafa 1/0 inch o vater vacuum under cain uin"

(< 5 mph) condition uitlt a system inleakage rate oi not more than 12,PPP cf>,

shall bc demonstrated at each reive Ling outage pr io r to refueling.

2. If reactor zone secondary con<< 2~ AEter a secondary containment tainment integrity cannot be violation is determined thc maintained the folloving con- standby gas treatmenr. system ditions shall be met: vill be operated innediately after the affected zones are isolated from the remainder of
a. The reactor shall be made the secondary contai'nment to subcritical and Specifica- confirm its ability to ma in-tion 3. 3. A shall be me t . tain the remainder of the secondary containment at 1/4-
b. The reactor shall be cooled inch of uatcr negative prcssure doun belou 212'F and the under calm vind conditions.

reactor coolant system vented.

c; Foci movemcnt shall not be permitted in the reac-tor xone.

d." primary containment integri:y maintained.

Secondary containment integrity shall be ma)ntnlneJ in the re-fueling zone, except as'peci-fied in 3.7.'C.4.

241

PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B

0 Honitoring vill be perfonre6 usinu standard accepted scnpling procc".urea

,vhich arc on file in the office of the Divi ion o. Forestry, Fisheries, and Mildlife Development, Norris, Tennessee, Re ortinr Recuirencnt The results vill be su~arized annually'n the annual reports of the nonradiological environmental monitoring program.

Ba"ea A significant proportion of the river flov vill be routed through the plant for cooling pu~nscs, end during periods vh n la> val fish axe abundant there is the potential 'for entrairmcnt of large numbers of fisbes.

The specified stuQ'ill detercLine the nv~bers of fish cr,.".s and lerva entrained in the cool>v", vater system resulting frow pl.at operation and identig the need for po" sible corrective action.

(f) Fish i@pin enent on Intake Screens (Delete)

PROPOSED CHANGES 'TO UNIT 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SAFETY L IllIT LIMITING SAFETY SYSTEM SETTING 1.1 .FUEL CLADDING INTEGRITY 2 1 FUEL Cl ADDTNG INTEGRITY D. Shutdown Condition C. scram and isola- 2 538 in tion reactor above Whenever the reactor is in low water vessel the shut'down condition level zero

, with irradia ted fuel in the reactor vessel, the D. Scram--turbine 10 per-water level shall not be stop valve cent valve less than 17.7 in. above closure closure the top of the normal active fuel zone. E. Scram- - turbine control valve Fa st closure--Upon trip of the fast acting solenoid valves 2~ Loss of con- 550 psif trol oil

'p.".es sure Scram--low con>> I 23 inches denser vacuum Hg vacuUAl G. Scram--main S 10 per-steam line cent valve isolation closure H. Main steam isola- < 825 psig tion valve closure

--nuclear system )

low pressure Core spray and h 378 in.

LPCI actuation-- above

'reactor low water vessel l.evel zero HPCI and RCIC 070 in.

actuation--reac- above tor low water vessel level zexo K. Hain steam isola- 070 in.

tion valve above closure--reactor vessel low water level zero ~

13

TABLE 4+1 ~ B REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM (SCRAN) INSTROHENT CALIBRATION HIHIKOH CALIBRATIOH PREQUE1CIES FOR REACTOR PROTECTION INSTRUMENT CHANNELS Instrument Channel Group (1) Calibration Hinimum Frequency (2)

IRK High Flux Caaparison to APRlC on Control- Note (4) led Shutdcwns (6)

APRH High Flux Output Signal ~ B Heat Balance Once every 7 days Flar Bias Signal B Calibrate Flnr Bias Signal (7) Once/operating cycle LPRH Signal ~

B TIP System Traverse (8) Every 1000 Effective Full Poser Hours High Reactor Pressure Standard Pressure Source Srery 3 Honths High Drywall Pressure Standard Pressure Source Ee'ezy 3 Honths Reactor tuw Hater Level Pressure Standard Evezy 3 Honths High Hater Level in Sczam Discharge Vol~ Note (5) ~e (5)

~ Turbine Condenser Lov Vacuum Standard Vacuum Source Every 3 lamths I

Hain Steam Line Isolation Valve Closure Note (5) Mte (5}

Hain Steam Line High Radiation B Standard Current Source (3) Every 3 Nouths Turbine First Stage Pressure Permissive h Standard Pressure Source Every 6 Honths Turbine Control Valve - Loss of Oil pressure h Standard Pressure Source &ace/operating cycle Hots (5) Note (5)

NOTf S FOR TABLE 4 . 1. 8 lo A description of three groups is included in the bases of this specif ication.

2. Calibrations arc not required when the systems azc not required to be operable or are tripped. If calibrations arc missed, they shall be performed prior to returning the system to an operable status.

3, The current source provides an instrument channel alignment. Cali-bration using a radiation source shall be made each refueling outage.

4~ Haximum frequency required is once per Meek.

5. Physical inspecfion and actuation of these position switches will be performed once per operating cycle.

6~ On controlled shutdowns > overlap between the IRM' and APRM' wil1 be verified.

7. The Flow Bias Signal Calibration will consist of calibrating the sensors, flow convcrters, and signal offset networks during each operating cycle. The instrumentation is an analog type with redun-dant flow signals that can be compared. The flow comparator trip and upscale will be functionally tested according to Table 4.2..C to ensure the proper operating during the operating cycle . Refer to C'.1 Bases for further 'explanation of calibration~ frequency.
8. A complete tip system traverse calibrates the LPRH signals to the process computer. The individual LPRM meter readines will be adjusted as a minimum at the beginning of each operating cvcle before reaching 100K power.

$0

The frequency of calibration of the APRN Flow Biasing Network has been established as each refueling outage. There are several i,nstruments which must be calibrated and it will take several hours to perform the calibration of the entire netw'ork. awhile the calihration is beinq performed, a zero flow signal will be sent to half of the APRH's resultinq in a half scram and rod block condition. Thu's, if the calibration were performed during operati'on, flux shaping would not be possible. Based on experience at other qenerating stations, drift of instruments, such as those in the Flow Biasing Network, is not significant and therefore, to avoid spurious scrams a cal'ibration frequency of each refueling outage is established.

Group (C) devices are active only during a given portion of the operational cycle. For example, the IRM is active during startup and inactive during full-power operation. Thus, the only test that is meaningful is the one performed gust prior to shutdown or startup; i.e., the tests that are performed gust prior to use of the instrument.

Calibration frequency of the instrument channel is divided into two groups. These are as followss

1. Passive type indicating devices that can be compared with

'like units on a continuous basis.

2~ vacuum tube or semiconductor devices and detectors that drift or lose sensitivity.

Experience with passive type instruments in generating stations and substations indicates that thespecified calibrations are adequate. For those devices which employ amplifiers, etc. ~ drift specifications call for drift to be less than 0.4%/month; i.e.,

in the period of a month a drift of .4% would occur and thus providing for adequate margin. For the APRM system drift of electronic apparatus is not the only consideration in determining a calibration frequency. Change in power distribution.and loss of chamber sensitivity dictate a calibration every seven days.

Calibration on this frequency assures plant operation at or below thermal limits.

A comparison of Table 4.1.A and 4.1 B indicates that two

~

instrument channels have not been included in the latter table.

These are: mode switch in shutdown and manual scram. A11 of the devices or sensors associated with these scram functions are simple on-off switches and, hence, calibration during operation is not applicable, i.e., the switch is either on or off.

The ratio of Core Maximum Fraction of Limiting Power Density (CMFLPD) to Fraction of Bated Po~er (FRP) shall be'checked out once per day to determine if the APRM scram requires ad)ustment. his will normally be done by checking the APRH readings.

Only a small number of control rods are moved daily during steady>>state operation and thus the ratio is not expected to change signi.icantly, 46

'r The sensitivity of LPBM detectors decreases with exposure to neutron flux at a slow and approximately constant rate. The APRM system, which uses the LPRM readings to detect a change in thermal power, will be calibrated eVery seven days using a heat balance to compensate'for this

'change in sensitivity. The RBM'system uses the LPRM reading to detect a localized change in thermal power. It applies a correction factor based on the APRM output signal to determine the percent thermal oower and therefore any change in LPRM sensitivity is compensated for by the APRM calibration. The technical specification limits of CNFLPD, CPF.,

MAPLIIGR and R ratio are determined by the use of the process computer or other backup methods. These methods use LPR"! readings and TIP data to determine the power distribution.

Compensation in the process computer for changes in LPRM sensitivity will be made by performing a full core'Tip traverse to uodate the computer'alculated LPRM correction factors every lOW effective full power h'ours.

As a minimum the individual LPRM meter readings will be ad]usted at the beginning of each operating cycle prior to reaching 100 percent power.

\

LIMITING CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS 3~ 3 CTIVITY CONTROL I ~ 3 REACTIVITY CONTROL C. Scram Insertion Times C. Scram Insertion Times

1. The average scram l. After each refueling outage all insertion time, based operable rods shall be scram time on the deenergization tested from the fully withdrawn of the scram pilot inoperable position with the nuclear system valve solenoids,as pressure above 800 psig time zero, of all control rods This in the reactor power testing shall be completed prior operation condition to exceeding 40$ power. Below shall be no greater 20$ power, only rods in those A than: ~

sequences (A12 and A34 or B12 and B34) which were fully with-

% Inserted From Avg. Scram Inser- drawn in the region from 100$

rod density to 504 rod density shall be scram time tested. The 5 0. 375 sequence restraints imposed 20 0. 90 upon the control rods in the 50 2~0 100-50 percent rod density groups 90 3 ' to the preset power level may

2. The average of the be removed by use of the indi-scram insertion times vidual bypass switches associdted for the three fastest with those control rods which operable control rods are fully ot partially withdrawn of all groups of four and are not within the 100-50

~

control rods in a percent rod density groups. Xn two-by-two array order to bypass a rod, the shall be 'no greater actual rod axial position. must than: be known; and the rod must be in

% Inserted From Avg. Scram Inser- the correct in-sequence position, 5 0~ 398

2. At 16 week intervals, 10$ of the 20 0. 950 operab'e control tod drives 50 2 120 shall be scram timed above 90 3. 800 800 psig. ttlhenever such scram time measurements are made, an
3. The maximum scram evaluation shall be made to insertion time for. provide reasonable assurance 90% insertion of any that proper control rod drive operable control rod performance is being shall not exceed F 00 .

maintained.

seconds.

6~ 128

Unit 3 LIHITZNG COVDZTIGNS FOR OPERATZO>i SURVEZLLAHCE REqUZREMZNTS 3e7 COW'AX%i..NT S STEM,S 4e 7 CONGA.XN!-'.P.NT SYSTEMS C'e Secondar Containment Co Secondar I Containment 0 Secondary ccntainment I

~ 1~ Secondary containment integrity shall be surveys,llance shall be maintained in the 'erformed as reactor zone at all indicated belo~:

times erce"t as specified in 3.7.C.2.

~ LIMITINC CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION SgRVQILLANCE REQUIRENENTS 3~ 7 COhTA ANENT SYSTEMS 4 7 OtZM NHKNT S ST MS Secondary containment capability to maintain 1/4 inch of water vacuum under calm wind (<5 mph) conditions >

vith a system inleakage rate of not more than 12 F 000 cfm, shall be

'emcnstrated at each refueling outage prior to refuelinq.

2. If reactor. zone 2. After a seccndary secondary containment containment vio1ation integrity cannot be is determined the maintained the standby gas treatment following conditions shall be met:

'system vill be operated in mediately after the affected

a. The reactor . zones are isolated shall be made from the remainder of subcritical and the secondary Speci fication containment to 3.3.h shall be confirm its agility mete to maintain the
b. The reactor remainder of the shall be cooled secondary containment down belov 2124F at 1/4-inch of water and the reactor negative pressure coolant system under calm vind vented. conditions.

c~ Fuel movement shall not be permitted in the reactor zone.

d. Primary con ta inment integrity

'aintained.

4 PROPOSED CHANGE TO UNIT 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B

-17 Monitoring uill be performed usinu standard accepted smpling procc".urea vhich arc on file in the office,of the Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Mildli.e Development, Norris, Tennessee.

. Re ortinr Becuiremcnt The rerults vill be su~ari:zed annually in the annual reports of the nonradiological environmental monitoring program.

Baoes A significant proportion of the river floe vill be routed through the plant for cooling purposes, end during perioas when larval fish are abundan there is the potential 'for entrainment of large nunbers of'ishes.

The specified study vill determine the numbers of fish cr,.".s and larvae entrained in the cooler "~ eater systen resulting from pl .at operation and identiQ tt:e need for po"sible corrective action.

(f) Fish imnin enent on Xntake Screens (Delete)

ENCLOSURE 2 REASONS AND JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PROPOSED CHANGES TO BROWNS PERRY NUCLEAR PLANT UNITS 1, 2, AND 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS UNIT 1 A endix A Page ll, Sections,2.1. J add 2.1.K:

Proposed changes to these setpoints from +490 inches to 4470 inches. This was omitted in an amendment approved by NRC on August 2, 1978, concerning low water level setpoints.

Pages 40, 41, 47, and 48:

These proposed changes consist of adding an explanatory note to Table 4.1.B, changing LPRM to APRM in 4.1 Bases, and changing 4.1 Bases for clarification of LPRM-APRM requirements. The purpose of these changes is to correct previous typographical errors and to clarify calibration requirements.

Page 124, Section 4.3.C.l:

The proposed change allows post refuel outage control rod drive scram timing to be conducted in parallel with the vessel hydrostatic leak test, thus saving about one day in the startup test sequence. The reduction in required test pressure from 9SO psig to 800 psig is conservative in that the scram performance (insert speed) generally decreases accordingly. As can be seen from the attached figure (Attachment 1) which specifies a maximum-minimum scram performance band, the scram time change is insignificant over the desired pressure reduction. The data presented in the attached figure is only applicable to single CRD scrams with charging valve closed or full reactor scram with changing valve open. Scram time is the time from lode og voltage to scram air pilot valves to 90 percent insertion. This data was obtained from General Electric startup test procedures which is a part of the Browns-Ferry RTI5.

~Aendix A continued Pages 240, 241:

Proposed to delete section 4.7.C.la from the technical.

specifications and to reletter the remaining paragraph from b to a. This specification is no longer applicable to Browlls Perry as all preoperational tests are completed and the requirement to test secondary containment integrity once per cycle is specified in 4.7.C-lb to become 4.7.C-la.

~Aenddx B Page 17: See Attachment 2 UHXB 2

~Aendix A Page ll, 'Sections 2.1.J and 2.1.K:

Same as unit 1 above Pages 40, 41, 47, and 48:

Same as unit 1 above Page 124, Section 4.3.C.1:

Same as unit 1 above Pages 240, 241:

Same as unit 1 above

~Aendix B Page 17: See Attachment 2

UNIT 3

~Aendix A Page 13, Sections 2.1eJ and 2.1.K:

Same as page 11 for unit 1 above Page 39, 40, 46, and 47:

Same as pages 40, 41, 47, and 48 for unit 1 above Page 128, Section 4.3.C.l:

Same as page 124 for unit 1 above Pages 251,'52:

Same as pages 240, 241 for unit 1 above

~Aendix B Page 17: See Attachment 2

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ATTACHMENT 2

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JUSTXFICATIOH POR PROPOSED ETS CHANGE The attached report vas submitted to EPA on February 13, 1978, as a portion of TVA's 316(b) demonstration. The assessment of the effect of impingement of fish on the intake screens at Browns Perry Nuclear Plant provides the )ustif5cation for the proposed technical specification change.

In sununary, the assessment concludes that impingement on the Brows Perry intake has no significant adverse effect on the fisheries resource of Wheeler Reservoir.

EFFECTS OF IMPINGEHENT AT BROWNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT ON THE POPULATIONS OP PISH IN WHEELER RESERVOIR January 1978 Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife Development Fisheries and Waterfowl Resources Branch

INTRODWCTrnN The Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant is TVA's largest aperatlng steam sle>>I rl< llenor¹l lng pl>>bi, h~vlnll ¹ threr>>>>IL d¹¹lgn c¹pni'lly of j,456 megawatts (MW). The plant l,s located on the north bank of Wheeler Reservoir in north central Alabama at Tennessee River Mile 294.4. Initial criticality of units 1, 2, and 3 vere as follows: unit 1-August 16, 1973, unit 2-July 20, 1974, and unit 3>>August 8, 1976. Between March 27, 1975, and August 31, 1976, no electricity was produced due to an outage caused by a fire.

During this time a reduced flov of water was pumped through the cooling water intake.

Impingement monitoring vas continued uninterrupted from February 1974 through December 1977. It is currently being continued as part of the require-ments of the operating license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and in accordance vith the format described in the environmental technical specifications for Brovns Ferry.

Descri tion of the Coolin Water Intake and Pum in Station The cooling water intake at Browne Ferry consists of a shoreline skimmer wall, an intake channel, a cooling vater return channel, and a concrete pumping station located at the end of the intake channel (Figure 1). Water passes through three openings in the skimmer wall. Each opening is 12.2 m wide and 7.3 m deep. The tops of the openings are located 3 m below normal maximum pool elevation.

The intake channel is 150 m long from the skimmer vali to the pumping station. At normal maximum pool the water depth slang a 6.1 m vide area in the middle of the channel is 10.1 m. From there the sides of the channel slope at a 3:1 ratio. Directly in front of the pumping station the bottom slopes dawn

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an additional 1.5 m to the bottom of the intake opening, resulting in a maximum depth of 11.6 m at the intake screen at normal maximum pool.

The cooling tower return channel enters the left side (facing the I

pumping station) of the intake channel (Figure 1). Pish movement up the cooling tower return channel is precluded by a concrete wall located several hundred meters upstream from the intake channel.

The 70.7 m long pumping station contains nine cooling water circulator pumps (three per unit) and 18 vertical traveling screens. Each pump 'contributes

-1 13.9 m 3 sec for a total three-unit condenser and auxiliary demand of 124.9 m 3 sec -1 (1.98 million gallons per minute).

Each of the endless-belt vertical traveling screens is housed in I a .

separate intake screen well measuring 2.6 m wide (inside dimensions). The trashrack opening for each intake well measures 1.6 m wide by 7.3 m high. The screen panels are 2.3 m wide and support a square mesh steel screen having 9.5 mm (3/8") openings. At 9.8 m of water depth in the intake well, each 3 -1 screen is designed to piss 6.9 m sec (110,000 gpm) through a clean surface at

-1 a velocity of 61.0 cm sec (2.0 fps). The screens are cleaned either on a regular basis (such as shift changes or daily) or after a maximum pressure differential develops across the screens due to clogging. The long impingement time for fish in addition to exposure to the high pressure spray system during the cleaning process results in essentially 100 percent mortality of impinged fish.

METHODS Two procedures for estimating impingement were used during the monitoring period. From March 1974 through July 1976 the following method was employed: expansion factors were calculated every two months (or less)

for each screen by counting from each screen in use all fish impinged during four consecutive 12-hour (day/night) periods. An expansion factor for each screen vas calculated simply by dividing the total fish for all screens by the total for each screen. These expansion factors vere employed in subsequent impingement counts to estimate total impingement on all screens from a count of fish from one test screen. Three times per week all fish impinged on the test screen (or alternate screen) vere counted. To estimate 'the total impinge-ment for all screens, the expansion factor for that screen vas multiplied by the number of each species impinged on the test screen. If one or more pumps were not in operation, a correction formula vas used to adjust the total estimated number impinged. Revision'-of the environmental technical specifications in September 1976 changed these impingement monitoring procedures. Coincident vith the startup of Unit 3, this revision required a direct count o! fish from each screen during one 24-hour period each veek.

Test Procedures Twenty-four hours prior to each impingement count, all screens vere simultaneously rotated and vashed to remove impinged trash and fish. The screens were then stopped for a 24-hour test period. The test screen (in early tests) or each screen in operation (in later tests) vas 'vashed individually after, the 24-hour test period. The fish vere collected in a large basket at the end of the screen wash water sluice conduit. These fish vere then sorted into species by 25 mm total length increments. The number and total veight (gm) for each size class vere recorded for each species. When excessive fish precluded a direct count of all fish, subsampling within species was conducted. All impinged fish, including those impinged during sampling days as I veil as during days of routine screen cleaning, vere deposited in a sanitary landf'ill.

Cooli Mater Intake Velocities Intake ~ster velocities were measured on May 18, 1977, during operation of all nine condenser circulating pumps. The average velocity through the three skimmer wall openings was 29.6 cm sec 1, 28.0 cm sec 1 and 32.0 cm "ec" . Overall, individual measurements ranged from 7.0 to 50.0 cm sec -1 . The mean cross section intake channel velocity 100 m upstream of the pumping station was 38.4 cm sec . Velocities ranged from 27.0 to 48.0 cm sec

-1 . Seventy-five velocity measurements taken 1 m in front of the 18 trashracks averaged 36.6 cm sec and ranged from 18.0 to 50.0 cm sec 1.

Numerical Anal sis For analyzing and comparing the impingement data, three distinct 12-month periods were identified. These are based on the level of plant operation. The first operational period extended from March 27, 1974, shortly after impingement monitoring was initiated, until March 27, 1975, when fire interrupted plant operation. This period included Unit 1 operation from March 27, 1974-August 27, 1974, and Units 1 and 2 operation from August 28, 1974-March 27, 1975. The average number of pumps in use on the sampling days was 4.6.

The second period included the first 12 months of no electric generation following the fire. During this time a reduced water flow was pumped through the intake. The average number of pumps in use was 2.4.

The third operational period represented the first 12 months of normal operation after the fire. During this period all three units were

placed in operation, with an average of 7.2 pumps in operation. on sampling days ~

An estimate of total impingement for these three 12~nth periods was obtained by calculating averages of daily (24-hour) impingement as determined by either of the two procedures described above. Average daily estimates for each species were then multiplied by the number of days

.in each period.

Differences in total observed impingement (all speciea combined) between intake screens were examined for each level of plant operation using the Kruskal-Wallis procedure (Hollander and Wolfe 1973). Only those samples in which counts were obtained from all screens (6, 12, or 18 for 1 e 2 ~ or 3 unit operation, respectively) were used in the statistical procedure. Multiple comparisons of impingement by sc'reen were made using a nonparametric procedure based on Kruskal-Wallis ranks (Hollander and Wolfe 1973). All test statistics were examined for significance at the a 0.05 level. These data were also examined graphically by plotting the pooled proportion impinged on each screen for each operational period.

'I Differences between day (0600-1800 hours) and night (1800-0600 hours) impingement were examined for each species for which total observed impingement (all day/night test periods combined) was equal to or greater than 1,000 individuals. A replicated goodness-of-fit procedure using the G statistic (an alternative statistic of the more common X ) was used to test the null hypothesis 2'hat the proportion impinged during the day was equal (0.50) to impingement during the night (Sokal and Rohlf 1969). Test statistics were examined for significance at the a 0.05 level. For each species examined, the pooled proportion impinged during the day and night periods was presented graphically.

/

Size distribution of impinged fish was examined for: skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie, sauger, and freshwater drum. For each of the 12 species, a frequency histogram (percentage) of length class was prepared summarizing all available size information collected from March 1974 to August 1977.

The determination of possible adverse impact by impingement was facilitated by the comparison of estimated 12-month impingement for selected species with numerical standing stock information for the same species derived from cove rotenone data. Within each operational period, those species were selected which showed estimated 12-month impingement ~ 365 (one individual per day). For each operational period, standing stock information for corre-sponding summer months was expanded to a total number for Wheeler Reservoir.

This total number was calculated by multiplying the mean number per hectare by the total surface area of the reservoir. For each species, this expansion was performed separately for both young-of-year (based on length class) and all I

size classes combined. Estimated number impinged for each species was then divided by total and young-of-year standing stock estimates for Wheeler Reservoir, resulting in an estimated proportion (expressed as percent) for each length class removed by impingement (referred to as relative impingement in this report) at the intake of Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant. This method of estimating impact on reservoir populations has one primary limitation--the assumption that for each species in question, cove rotenone data accurately estimate reservoir standing stock.

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12 species were <:ol.lected (Table l). During summer cove samples taken in 1974-i977, 60 species" were collected from a total of 15 cove-samples collected in Wheeler Reservoir. Of the species collected from the intake screens, four represented 95.8 percent of the total'observed impingement. These were threadfin shad (76.5 percent), gizzard shad (12.3 percent), freshwater drum (4.3 percent), skip)ack herring (2.7 percent) and were the only species which individually represented more than 1 percent of the total observed impingement.

In cove samples nine species each exceeded 1 percent of the total numerical standing stock for all three years combined: threadfin shad (37.1 percent),

gizzard shad (28.0 percent), bluegill (16.8 percent), longear sunfish (6.4 percent), redear sunfish (1.6 percent), bullhead minnow (1.4 percent), logperch (1.4 percent), warmouth (1.3 percent), and freshwater drum (1.0 percent). None of the species impinged is currently classified as "threatened" or "endangered."

Estimated Total I in ement During the first operational period, March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975, an estimated 5.26 million fish of 50 species were impinged (Table 2). Four species (skipgack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and freshwater drum) comprised 97.7 percent of the total. Thirteen additional species exceeded an estimated 1,000 individuals impinged during the 12-month period including silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, blue catfish, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie, logperch, and sauger.

During the 12 months which followed the fire at Browne Ferry (second operational period), the total estimated number impinged dropped from the

Table l. Species list and percent of total for all fish collected from the Browne Ferry intake screens during the monitoring period March 1974-August 1977 and all species collected in 15 cove rotenone samples collected in Wheeler Reservoir in 1974N 1975, 1976, and 1977.

Percent, Percent Composition Composition Common Name Scientific Name (Impinged)

(Cove)'hestnut lamprey <0. 01 NC Paddlefioh, ~Pol odon ~sschula <0. Ol NC Spotted gar ~Le isoeteus oculatus <0. Ol 0. 02 Longnose gar ~Le isosteus osseus <0. Ol <O. 01 Shortnose gar ~Le isosteus platostomus <0. 01 NC Skipjack herring 2. 72 0. 16 Gizzard shad Deepsome ~ce edianum 12. 30 27.95 Threadfin shad Doroooms Hetenenss 76.49 37.08 Rainbov trout Helmo Helrdnari <0.01 NC Mooneye Hiodon ~ter isus 0. 01 NC Grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus <0. 01 NC Chafn pickerel Rv<ix ~i, sr <0. 01 NC Stoneroller ~Cem ostoma enema'lum <0. 01 0,01 Goldfish Carassius auratus <0. 01 NC Carp ~trdnus ~car io 0. 02 0.01 Speckled chub ~mbo sis aesciualis <0. Ol NC Silver chub ~mba sie storerisna 0.23 0.27 River chub Nocomis ~micro o an 0.01 NC Golden shiner ~Notami onus ~cr soleucss 0. 04 O.OS L" a

Emerald shiner. ~Nocto is athetinoides 0.12 0.10 t Ghost shiner ~motto is buchenani 0.01 NC Common shiner ~Nocto is cornutus NI" 0. 01 Striped shiner NI <0. Ol shiner 'osyface

~Notxo ia rubellus <0.01 NC Spotfin shiner ~Nocto is ~silo cerus <0.01 0. 02

10 Table 1. (Continued)

Percent Percent Composition Composition Common Name Scientific Name (Impinged) (Cove)

M;;min shiner ~Notre is vhlucellus <0.01 0.04 Steelcolor shiner ~Notre ie ~vhi le1 NI 0. 01 Bluntnose minnow ~Pine hales notatue NI NG Fathead minnow . ~PIns hales Hronelas < 0.01 <O. 01 Bullhead minnow ~Pine hales ~vt 1lsx 0. 02 1.38 Blacknose dace ~Rhtnichth s atratulus <<0.01 NC Longnose dace ~Rhtnichth s cetaractae < 0.01 River carpsucker ~Car iodee ~car io < 0.01 <0.01 quillback ~Car iodes ~crtuus <0.01 NC Highfin carpsucker ~Csr iodes veliier NC Northern hogsucker ~Henteliun ~ni ricans <0. 01 <0.01 Smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus t

0. 01 0.09 Bigmouth buffalo Ictiohue ~crknellus <<0.01 <0.01 Black buffalo Ictiobus ~ni er <0. 01 <0. 01 /

Spotted sucker ~MIn treaa ~nelson s 0. 07 0.92 Silver redhorse Moxostoma anisurum < 0.01 0.02 River redhorse Moxostoma carinatum <0.01 <0.01 Shorthead redhorse < 0.01 <0.01 Black redhorse Moxostocn ~du uesnei <0.01 <0. Ol, Golden redhorse Moxostona errthrurnn < 0.01 0.11 Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus 0. 08 <0.01 Black bullhead Ictalurus melas 0.02 <0.01 Yellow bullhead Ictalurus natalis <0.01 NC Brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus 0.01 NC Channel, catfish Ictalurua punctatus 0.39 0.13 Slender madtom Noturus exilie <0. 01 v

Flathead catfish ~Plodtctie olivarie 0.03 0.05 Blackstripe topminnow Fundulus notatus NI 0.02 Blackspotted topminnow Fundulus olivace<<s < 0.01 0.11 Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis < 0.01 0.03 Brook silverside Labidesthes sicculus < 0.01 0. 10

Table I, (Continuod)

Porcnnt Prrr~ nt Composition Composition Common Name Scientific Name (Impinged) (Cove)

White bass Morone chrh~eo e 0.55 0. 12 Yellow bass Morone ctaste~st 'anais 0.92 0.3&

Striped base Horonc onxatIl In <0.01 NC Rock bass Am~bio Platen r~u>>strip <0.01 <0.01 Redbreast sunfish ~ta osis naritus < 0.01 HC Green sunfish ~te o is ~ccnellus 0.33 0.40 Wnrmouth- ~Le o ta guineas 0. Ol 1.29 Orangespotted sunfish ~Le oats huetlls <0.01 0.20 Blue'ill ~Le oats aacrouhirus 0.72 16.78 Longenr sunfish L~eoels a~enlatts 0. 08 6s37 Redenr sunfish I~eomis micro o~hue 1 0. 24 1.84 Spotted sunfish ~Le oats punctntue < 0.01 NC Smnllmouth bass Mt~era terus dolanieut <0. 01 0.21 Spotted bees ~Mtcro rerun Munctulatus 0. 01 0. 16 Largemouth bass Micro terus ealaoides 0. 02 0.60 White crappie Pomoxlo nnnulnris 0.11 0.11 Blnck rrnppi>> Pomox to n t~romnculntus 0.01 r0.01 Fantail darter 8th>>ootomn flnbellave NI 0.04 Stripetnil darter Etheootomn kennicotti NI 0.12 Redline darter Htheostoma rufilineatum NI <Oe01 Yellow perch Perca flavescene NI <0. 01 Logperch Perctrs ~ca rodes 0.04 1. 39 Dusky darter Porc lna eciera < 0.01 <0;01 River darter Perr.lna ohumnrdi < 0.01 0. 03 Souger Stizootedion canadense 0.05 0.13 Walleye St izoo ted ion vi treum vit reum < 0.01 NC Freshwater drum A~lodtnotus Mrunuteca 4.34 I '.02 I., Not collected in rotenone nnmplrdd.

Not observed in impingement snmplee'.

LL Table 2 Estimated total number of all fish impinged at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant between March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975 Total Estimated Number 'Total Eat (mated Impinged i' Number lmpf nged TLxb 150 Samples Lamprey 10 24 Chestnut lamprey 5 Psddlefish 69 168 Spotted gar 66 160 Longnose gar 27 Shortnose gar 5 Skipgack herring 90,807 220,964 Gizzard shad 75,440 183,571 Thresdfin shad 1,824,188 4>438,857 Dol'osoela sp 48,937 119,080 Mooneye 179 437 Goldfish 91 221 Carp 85 207 Silver chub 3,553 8,646 Golden shiner 271 660 Emerald shiner 1>269 3>OSS Bluntnose minnow 2 5 Fathead minnow 22 53 River csrpsucker 3 7 Quillback 5 12 Smallmouth buffalo 105 255 Bigmouth buffalo ,

Spotted sucker 431 1,049 Redhorse sucker 6 14 Catfish 2 Blue catfish 1>641 3,993 Black bullhead 366 892 Yell'ow bullhead 14 33 Brown bullhead 1 2 Channel catfish 8>924 21,716 Flathead catfish 209 508

Table 2~ (Continued)

Total Estimated Number Impinged In Total Estimated Taxa 150 samples Number Impinged Nosquitofish 6 14 White bass 5,805 14,126 Yellov bass 5, 940 14;453 Striped bass 21 51 Rock bass Redbreast sunfish 3 Green sunfish 4,173 10,154 Warmouth 160 390 Orangespotted sunfish 57 Bluegill 7,214 17 .556 Longear sunfish ~

150 366 Redear sunfish 3,250 7,910 Smallmouth bass 10 25 Spotted bass 24 59 Largemouth bass 136 332 White crappie 3,216 7,826 Black crappie 27 67 Logperch 927 2,256 Darter 1 2 Sauger 1,516 3> 690 Walleye 16 39 Preshwater drum 73 766 179 501 Total 2>163 >098 5,263,546

14 preceding period to 2.69 million fish of 52 species (Table 3). The three clupeids (gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and skip)ack herring) and !reshvatsr drum comprised 9&.2 percent of all fish collected. Seventeen additional species that exceeded an estimated 1,000 individuals for the 12-month period were carp, silver chub, emerald shiner, ghost shiner, spotted sucker, blue catfish, black bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, vhite bass, yellov bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, vhite crappie, logperch, and sauger.

During the third operational period of three-unit operation, (September 1, 1976<<August 31, 1977) an estimated 6.67 million fish representing 61 species vere impinged (Table 4). During this period, the three clupeids and freshvater drum were again dominant and comprised 94.6 percent of the total, vhile 19 additional speciea vere each estimated to have been impinged in total numbers exceeding 1,000 each. These species vere silver chub, golden shiner, emerald shiner, bullhead minnow, spotted sucker, blue catfish, brovn bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, vhite base, yellov bass, green sunfish, bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, largemouth bass, vhite crappie, logperch, and sauger.

P Estimated total weight of each species impinged was also calculated.

for samples collected during the third operational period (Table 4). Total weight estimated for all fish impinged during this period vas 63 metric tons.

Seasonal Patterns of Im in ament Figure 2 depicts the total impingement estimated by month for the period March 1974-August 1977. Clupeids showed a consistent pattern of lowest impingement in May or June. Impingement vas usually highest from December through March. An exception was 1976-1977 when clupeid impingement peaked during September-October.

15 Table 3 . Estimated total number of all fish impinged at Brovns Perry Nuclear Plant betveen March 27, 1975-March 26, 1976.

Total Estimated Number Impinged . In Total Estimated Taxa 152 samples Number Impinged Lamprey 23 Paddlefish 15 Spotted gar 481 Longnose gar 21 Shortnose gar 13 31 Skip)ack herring 41,011 98,751 Gizzard shad 142,578 343,312 Threadfin shad 793,013 1,909,492 Mooneye 144 346 Grass pickerel Goldfish 17 Carp 471 14134 Silver chub 2,703 64509 River chub 2 6 Golden shiner 161 388 Ps~sss s sp.

Cmefdid shiner 922 2,200 Ghost shiner 608 1,464 Spotfin shiner 20 Bluntnose minnov 11 Pathead minnov 13 32 Bullhead minnov 303 730 Blacknose dace 5 ll River carpsucker ll 25 illback 2 4 Smallmouth buffalo 332 800 Bigmouth buffalo 16 Black buffalo Spotted sucker 1,320 3,178 Redhorse sucker 47 114

16 Table 3 . (Continued).

Total gstimated Number Impinged In Total Estimated Taxa 152 samples Number Impinged Blue catfish 1,029 2,476 Black bullhead 493 1 ~ 187 Yellow bullhead 54 129 Brown bullhead 15 Channel catfish 4,749 11,435 Flathead catfish 436 1,050 White bass 5,569 j3,408 Y~llw hs<S I$ ,n')s Green sunfish 1 ~ 294 3oll5 Warmouth 103 248 Orangespotted sunfish 19 Bluegill 3,913 9 '23 Longear sunfish 188 452 Redear sunfish 1,064 2 '61 Smallmouth bass 3 8 Spotted bass 328 791 Largemouth bass 234 564 White crappie 2,075 4,996 Black crappie 15 37 Logperch 702 1,690 Barter 5 Sauger 767 1,846 Freshwater drum 97,140 2331902 Total 1,116,545 2e688e498

Table 4 ~ Estimated t.ot al numb@i and Meight of all fish species impinged at Srowns Perry Nuclear Plant between September 1976-August 1977. Estimates are ba'sed on 54 24-hour samples collected at one-Meek intervals.

Total Est. Number Total Wt. (kg)

Taxa Impinged In 54 sam lea Impinged In 54 aam les Total Pst. No.

Ttmfn6ad ~leTotal Est. Wt.(kg) ingate lamprey 12 0.61 81 4.10 'hestnut Paddlefish 0. 21 14 1.45 Spotted gsr 19 10.93 128 73. 85 Longnose gar 0.85 5.73 Shortnose gar 4.94 74 33.38 Skipgack herring 16,346 171.35 110,487 1,158.23 Gixenr<l Hhad 200,305 4,235.89 1,353.913 28,631.50 Threadfin shad 68'>,769 2,189.22 4.635,290 14,797.49 Mooneye 97 15.95 656 107.78 Chnin pickerel l. 36 14 9. 21 Stoneroller .03 0.20 Goldfish 36 8. 83 243 59. 66 Carp 10 5.03 68 34.00 Speckled chub 0. 08 27 n. 5>

Silver chub l,115 24.42 7,537 )65.07 Hfver chub 0.)2 0.72 Golden shiner 817 16.83 5,522 113. 78 Emerald shiner 1,184 7.84 8,003 53.01 Ghost shiner 10 0.02 68 0.16 Mimic shiner 33 0,06 223 0. 41 Bullhead minnow 182 1. 90 1,230 12.82 Longnose dace 0. 01 0.05 Quillback 0. 11 74 0.75 Northern hog sucker 0 '4 14 3. 63 Smallmourh buffalo 125 48. 95 845 330.86 Bigmouth buffalo 2. 24 34 15.13 Spotted sucker 1,094, 69.33 7,395 468.61 Silver redhorse 15 5. 94 101 40.16 Shorthead redhorse 0.60 4.04 Black redhorse 2.11 37 14.27 Golden redhorse 19 8.22 128 55.55

18 Table 4. (Continued)

Total Est.Number Total Est. Wt.(kg) Total Est.No. Total Est.Wt.(kg)

Impinged In Impinged In Impinged Impinged Taxs 54 samples 54 samples Blue catfish 379 33.79 2,562 228.40 Black bullhead 88 1.80 595 12.15 Yellow bullhead 0. 08 7 0.55 Brown bullhead 263 16.01 1>778 108.18 Channel catfish 3,657 175.22 24,719 1>184.36 Flathead catfish 328 9.91 2,217 67.01 Black Spotted topminnow <0. 01 7 0. 01 Brook silverside <0.01 20 0. 03 Rnite bass 7,498 131.19 50,681 886.71 Yellow bass 9>913 234.08 67,005 1,582.21 Striped bass 30 2.26 203 15. 26, Rock bass 0. 04 14 0. 30 Green sunfish 5,801 40 ~ 54 39,210 274.05 Warmouth 58 1.26 392 8.51 Orangespotted sunfish 0. 03 14 0.20 Bluegill sunfish 12,572 285.70 84,977 1,931.13 Longear sunfish 1,374 10.68 9,287 72.18 Redear sunfish 4,087 184.93 27,625 1,249.96 Spotted sunfish 1 0.04 7 0.25-Smallmouth bass 47 2.80 318 18.93 Spotted bass 50 l. 53 338 10.

Largemouth bass 262 17.42 1>771 36'17.75 White crappie 1,003 23.04 6,780 155.75 Black grapple 86 4.69 581 31.69 Logperch 256 l. 70 1,730 11.49 Dusky darter 7 0. 03 47 0. 22 River darter 0.02 27 0. 12 Sauges,' 375 52. 74 2,535 356.48 Walleye 3 2.45 20 16.53 Freshwater drum 31 924 1 322.38 215 783 8 >38.31 987,310 9,390.88 6>673>488 63,485.19

19 1PSMOO Q Clupeld S1lg00 All older isis

~

acoeoo 20~00 102'O I

a+00 l

2QIOO I.

I 12@00 6

K

~00 C

D v QOO

~0 WOO SOb M A M J J A S 0 N D J F Month 7d Figure 2. Total estimated monthly impingement at Browne Perry Nuclear Plant for Clupeids (shad) and all remaining taxa during the period March 1974-August 1977. A geometric scale vas required to shou the large range in monthly values

'l 20

+38p$ 00 Clllpold All other togo 6it+00 '

409/00 \ ~G 204/00 0 102/00 I

O'QOO 26@00 C

12POO I

I.

h CL I

O ~00 C

'0 QOO E

~4 N

4+00 800 100 M A M J J A S 0 H 0 J l'onth

,14 Figure 2. (Continued)

~ All elhi ~ lIRI St I+00 I 409/00 dS 204/00 ',

A, 10+00 I I

SHOO 26Jt00

\

\ 0 o 12@00 E

00 C

'0 00 E

+00

) l 11 j

$ 00 400

' " J 4 S 0 N 0 J F Month Figure 2 (Continued)

22 fp88r400 QCtopota All other taxo StaP00 400/00 204gl00 to&00 5+00 25/00 C

E taP00 CL

~00 C

D

)I 3/00 E

Ol

~00 600 400 M A M J Month Figure ~ (Cont:inued)

23 Lowest impingement of clupeids during May-June was followed by a sharp increase in July and August for the first three years of record. This probably refl'ects the appearance of young-of-year. However, the pattern did not hold for the last year of data. Numbers remained low through August, the last month reported. Monitoring not reported here showed that threadfin shed impingement did not increase through December 1977. The impingement of low numbers of clupeids after June 1977 is likely associated with a very low'ensity of young-of-year I

threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir. Nonshad taxa showed a pattern of generally irregular fluctuations in monthly impingement between 6,000-60,000 fish (Figure 2).

Highest impingement often occurred in March with the highest value in March 1977.

Co arison of Da and Ni ht Im in ament Species selected for detailed examination of day versus night fmpfngemenf, were: skip)ack herring, gissard shad, threadfin shad, silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, channel catfish, white bass, yellow base, green sunfish, bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, white crappie, and freshwater drum.

The replicated goodness-of-fit procedure indicated significant departure from the null hypothesis (impingement during the day impingement during the night) for all 15 species (Table 5). For two species, green sunfish and longear sunfish, pooled G-values were not significant even though total G-values were significant.

Thus, if all replicates for these two species were treated as one observation, we would accept the null hypothesis stated above. Much of the variability in t'e analyses was accounted for by heterogeneity among the replicates. Thus, .

differences between.day and night impingement ware not consistent between replicates for all species treated.

The data in Figure 3 show that for all but one species (longear su<<tish) the pooled proportion of fish impinged during night was greater than during daylight.

24 Table 5. Results of replicated goodness-of-fit analyses comparing day and night impingement for 15 selected species. The G-value labeled "Het."

represents the statistic to test the hypothesis that all replicates were homogeneous, i.e., ware drawn from the same population. This value was calculated as the difference; Total G-value - Pooled G-value Hetero-gelleity G value ~

Number G-Values Species Day Night Total Pooled Het.

Skip)ack herring 81624 24,533 14,306. 7* 7o957 ~ 0* 6,349.7*

Gizzard shad 9,943 14,171 21025. 7* 745.2e 1,280.5*

Threadfin shad 96,563 181,917 62,308.3* 26,586.8* 35,721.5*

Silver chub 502 1I 053 314.8* 199.5* 115.3*

Emerald shiner 180 426 185.1* 102.8* 82.3*

Spotted sucker 18 42 39.8* 9 '* 30oO+

Channel catfish 589 858 193.8* 50. 3* 143.5*

White bass 266 991 647.0* 445.1* 201.9*

Yellow bass 65,9 11216 358.2* 168oO* 190.2*

Green sunfish 99 56.9* 3.5 53.5*

127'531 Bluegill 858 205.3* 77 ~ 7* 127.6*

Longear sunfish 42 34 36.5* 0.8 35.6*

Redear sunfish 70 169 125.1* 42.3* 82.8*

White crappie 145 335 168.8* 77.3+ 91. 5" 5'fn~ftosfct Atua 6,08 3 I t>,829 3,864.3< 1,349.9* 2, '514.

level of confidence.

4<'Statistically significant at the a ~ 0.05

2>

Percent

.2 2 .$ 0 .75 sqo SkipJack herring Gizzard shad Day 1$ 5RCNNRi Threadfin shad Might Silver chub Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Channel catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bl ueg l 1 I

,h. h hP Longear sunfish Redear sunfish White crappie Freshwater drum

.50 .75 f00 Figure 3 Numbers impinged for selected species during the 12-hour periods 060'0.-1800 hours and 1800&600 hours. This graph depicts the results of 42 pooled day/night samples collected between March 19T4-November 1976.

26 The seven species which showed the greatest tendency for impingement during the night were skipjack herring, silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, white bass, redear sunfish, and white crappie (Figure 3). For~each of these over two-thirds of the individuals were impinged during hours of darkness.

Co arison of Im in ament Aeon Intake Screens Comparison of the distribution of impinged fish (all species combined) among screens for the three operational periods showed differences to be pro-nounced during one-unit (screens 1-6) operation (Figure 4). The Kruskal-Wallis procedure selected two subsets of difference among screens. Multiple comparisons selected two subsets of screens with similar impingement: screens 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, and screens 03, 04'5, and'6; During the second and third operational periods,'he frequency histogram (Pigure 4) suggested that higher impingement tended to occur on the end screens; however, no statistically significant differences among screens were detected.

Size Distribution of I in ed Pish Pish smaller than 51 mm appeared to be relatively insusceptible to impingement for all 12 species examined (Figures 5 end 6). Over 70 percent of the impinged fish were between 51-100 mm total length for eight species:

skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, and white crappie. Except for white crappie, those fish less than 101 mm total length are considered to be young-of-year.

Individuals of 76-100 mm length represented over 30 percent of the impinged white crappie. White crappie of this s$ zc are probably io the second growth season. For the remaining four species (bluegill, redear sunfish, sauger and freshwater drum), fish more than 100 mm in total length accounted for a

27 Unit 1 oynratton HI 4/40 are 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Unit 1-2 operation tt 22raa2 20 g

,10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Od 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Unit 1-2 operation tts 27,241

&10 20 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Screeae Figure 4 Distribotion of impinged fish (a11 species combined) among screens at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant for three levels of plant generation. These comparisons include only those samples when all screens ware in use. N is the total number of fish in all 24-hour samples. S is the number of 24"hour samples ~

Skip)eck herring 0- 25 Gizzard shad 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 l76-Threadfln shad 0- 25 Channel catfish 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101-125 126-150 15:I.-175 176-White bass Yellow bass 0- 25 26- 50 53- 75 76-100

)0)-125 126-150 151-175 176-100 75 50 25 Length Class 25 50 75 100 (mm)

Percent Percent Fg~ute 5. l.ength frequency distrlbut ton for s< lected fish species Impinged nt, Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant during thc period Herch l974-August l917.

29 Green sunfish 0- 25 8luegl l l 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101 .'.25 126-150 151-175 176-Redear White crappie 0- 25 26- 50 51- 75 76-100 101-125 126-150 I

7aaIL 151-175 ~

176- IIII 0-

~

Sauger 25 Freshwater drum 26- 50

~

Ib a

~

76 ioo 101-125

, 126-150 1

151-175 176-75 50 25 Length Class 25 50 75 100 (mm)

Percent Percent Figure 6. Length frequency distribution for selected fish species impinged at 8rowns Ferry Nuclear Plant during the period Harch l974-August 1977.

30 considerable proportion of the numbers impinged. Except for sauger, these larger sizes probably include fish older than young-of-year specimens.

Com arison of Im in ement Estimates with Standin Stock E>>timates During the three operational periods, 30 species werc impinged at an. average rate f one or more. fish per day for at least one of the periods.

Impingement of 1? of these species exceeded l percent of the estimated standing stock (numbers) for one or more operational periods (Tables 6-8).

These included skip)ack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, mooneye, carp, silver chub, blue catfish, black bullhead, brown bullhead, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, white crappie, black crappie, sauger, and freshwater drum. Six of these species (mooneye, carp, blue catfish, black and brown bullhead, and black crappie) were either absent or rarely collected in the cove samples. Except for blue catfish, the estimated average impingement of each of these species did not exceed an average of three individuals per day. The remaining species which were impinged at 1 percent or more of the estimated standing stock are discussed below.

Ski ack herrin Estimated impingement of skip)ack herring decreased during the three operational periods while mean numerical standing stock values increased over the years corresponding to the operational periods (Tables 6-8). Thus, despite the lower intake flow and lower reservoir density of skip)ack herring during the first period, the proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was greatest in the first operational period and least during the third operational period (Tables 6-8).

31 Table 6. Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) for selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1974) compared with estimated total imp5ngement of these sp'ecies during the period March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975.

I Estimated Mean Standing Percent of standing stock Total No. ock No h numbers im in~ed Taxa Xmpinged YOY Total YOY Tota1 Skipgack herring 220,964 17.70 27.70 45.97 29. 38 Gizzard shad 190,914 873.05 1,768.30 .81 .40 Threadfin shad 4,553,174 2,447.84 2 '47.84 6. 85 6.85 5 5 Mooneye 437 NC NC Silver chub 8,646 54.26 54.26 0.59 0'59 Golden shiner 660 39. 06 39.06 0.06 0.06 Emerald shiner 3,088 28.85 28.85 0. 39 0.39 Spotted sucker 1,049 11.05 71.81 0.35 0.05 5 5 Blue catfish 3,993 NC NC Black bullhead 892 NC NC Channel catfish 21,716 l. 34 9.79 59.68 8.17 Flathead catfish 508 6.53 13.98 0.29 0.13 White I

bass 14,126 3.61 4.46 14.41 j 1.66 Yellow bass 14.453 36. 66 36.66 1. 45 1. 45 Green sunfish 101154 19. 75 26.67 1.89 1.40 Bluegill 17,556 722. 08 1 I 120. 45 0. 09 0. 06 Longear sunfish 366 282.09 556.01 <0. Ol <0.01 Redear sunfish 7>910 138.01 209.35 0.21 0,14 White crappie 7,826 1.04 2.08 27.71 13. 86 Logperch 2,256 206.63 206.63 O. 04 0.04 Sau ger 3,690 5.90 7.04 2.30 1.93 Freshwater drum 179,501 51.31 102.86 12.88 6.43

1. Refers to young-of-year fish.
2. Refers to all ages collected in suamer cove samples.
3. Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.
4. Not collected on cove rotenone samples.

'5. Calculation not possible.,

I

32 Tabl<<7. E<<tom<<ted <<t<<nding stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) for selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1975) compared with estimated totnl impingemetg of these speciea during the period March 27, 1975-Hnrch 26, 1976.

Estimated Harm standing I'or< ont of stan<ling sin< k Total no. H to 'k n<l/lln nu~ehe ~ legs tngsil, impinged YOY Total YOY Totn 1 Spotted gar 481 7.46 12.54 0 .24 0 .14 Skipgack herring 98,751 9.80 40. 18 37.11 9.05 Gizzard shad 343,312 8. 96 640.19 141-11 l. 97 Threndfin shad 1,909,'<92 1 ~ 565.04 1,565.04 4.49 4. 49 5

I<at p 1,134 NC 0-51 8. 19 Silver chub 6,509 8. 86 8. 86 2.71 2.71 Golden shiner 388 13.47 13.47 0. 11 O.ll Emerald shiner 2>200 6.71 6.71 1.21 1.21 Spotted sucker 3,178 422.81 475. 78 0.03 0.02 5 5 Blue catfish 2,476 NC NC 5

Blnck bullhead i>187 NC 0.28 15.61 Channel catfish 111435 5.46 22.89 7.71 l.84 Flathead catfish 1,050 9. 24 18,98 0.42 0.20 White hnss 13,408 4.76 5.22 10.37 9.46 Yellow buss 29<936 76.28 77.30 l. 45 1.43 Green sunfish 3,115 88.97 110.04 0.13 0.10 Bluegill 9,423 1,702.98 3,204.60 0.02 0.01 Lor<gear sunfish 452 508.81 1,203.31 <b.ol <0.01 Redear sunfish 2<561 396.99 483.97 0.02 0.02 Spotted bass 791 24.27 27.95 0.12 OvlO Largemouth bass 564 60.52 123.98 0.26 0.13 White crappie 4,996 2. 05 7.00 8.98 2. 63 Logperch 15690 468.06 468. 06 0. 01 0.01 Sauger 1,846 14.37 21. 08 0.47 0.32 Fresh<<ster drum 233,902 151.46 300.17 5.69 2.87

1. Refers to young-of-year fish.
2. Refers to all ages collected in su<m<<er cove samples.

3: Bused on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.

4. Not collected on cove rotenone samples.
5. Calculation not possible.

33 Table 8. I!><rim<It>~>tu>><ll>>II >>r>>< k numb>>r>> (I>>>>><><I <>>> <<<>v>> r>><<>>>>>>>> ><>>mI>l>>>>)

Io< ><<<l<'>'t> >I>>'> I< >< of I I><h l>< Wh>><>l< r R<>>>>>rv>> lr I I'>II>) o>>>IIP>j<'qd MIIh Il>u I'III.

u;m>I<<<l I>>I>>l Iml>l>>II< m<>>l <h>rl>>II Ihr I><'rl<><l I 8< I>I > ml>< r 1<II<>- II h>>II>>>028.07 0.66 0. 66 Mooneye 656 5 5 NC NC Silver chub 7,537 96. 43 96.43 0.29 0.29 Golden shiner 5,522 39. 80 39.80 0.51 0.51 I

Emerald shiner 8,003 63. 82 63.82 0.46 0.46 Bullhead minnow 1,230 436.22 436.22 0.01 0.01 Smallmouth buffalo 845 NC 38.66 5 0.08 Spotted sucker 7,395 12. 16 152.46 2.23 5

Blue catfish 2,562 NC 0. 26 36.29 Black bullhead 595 NC 5 5 NC Brown bullhead 1,778 NC NC Channel catfish 24,719 2. 89 67.40 31;50 1.35 Flathead catfish 2,217 13.37 19.20 0. 61 0.43 White bass 50,681 30. 16 33.56 6.19 '.56 Yellow bass 67>005 19.08 21. 06 12.93 11.72 Green sunfish 39,210 14.79 41.33 9.76 3.49 Bluegill 84,977 6,60?.19 8 '94.00 0.05 '.04 Longear sunfish 9,287 1,995.37 3,238.69 0.02 0. 01 Redear sunfish 27,625 227.18 443.92 0.45 0. 21 Largemouth bass 1,771 50.56 277.36 0.13 0.02 White crappie 6,780 0.40 2. 68 62.42 9.32 4 5 5 Black crappie 581 NC NC Logperch 1, 730 215. 58 215.58 0. 03 0,03 Sauger 2,535  ?.20 72.12 1.30 0.42 Freshwater drum 215,783 52.41 239.52 15.16 3.32 1, Refers to young-of-your fish.

2. Refers to all ages collected in summer c<>v> samples.
3. Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,]50 ha.
4. Not collected on cove rotenone samples.
5. Calculation not possible.

34 Proportion of standing stock removed ranged from 5.39 percent of all ages in the third period to 29.38 percent in the first period and from 13.33 percent of youngmf-year alone in the third period to 45.97 percent Ln the first period (Tables 6 and 8).

Gizzard shad Impingement of gizzard shad showed a distinct increase during the operational periods, exhibiting an order of magnitude increase in the third operational period over the first operational period. A similar increase in numerical standing stock was observed (Tables 6-8) for the three corresponding yearw of cove rotenone sampling. This increase in standing stock was also SE reflected in the 1977 cove samples after high impingement of the previous year's standing stock.'elatively few youngmf-year gizzard shad were collected in 1975 cove samples (Table 7) and higher than expected impingement of young-of-year occurred during this second period. Except for this case, the proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was between 0.41 percent and 1.97 percent.

2'"

Despite an order of magnitude increase in standing stock estimates of threadfin shad from 1974 to 1976, the impingement of threadfin shad was similar for the first and third periods, (4.55 and 4.64 million fish, respectivelyl Tables 6 and 8). During the second period, the impi'ngement of this species was reduced to approximately 1.9 million fish (Table 7). Maximum proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was 6.85 percent (during the first operational period). In 1977 the standing stock was reduced to an extremely iow level (Table 9).

35 Table 9. Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) of selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservnir (1977}.

3 Me n standin stock No/ha Spec ies YOY Total Skip)ack herring 30.2 33.2 Gizzard shad l0 ~ 434.4 15,615.3 Thre r>>lfln>>had /~ 1 fi. 0 4 4 Hooneye Silver chub 72.7 72. 7 Golden shiner 12.6 12.6 Emerald shiner .2 .2 Bullhead minnow 185.6 185. 6

'Smallmouth buf falo 3.8 21.4 Spotted sucker 15.8 168.3 4 4 Blue catfish 4 4 Black bullhead 4 4 Brovn bullhead Channel catfish 15. 2 21. 2 Flathead catfish 10.9 16.5 White bass 63.3 66.4 Yellow bass 235.8 237.9 Green sunfish 72. 6 126.3 Bluegill 2,351.8 3,880.6 Longear sunfish 706.3 1,847.6 Redear sunfish 600.1 765.5 Largemouth bass 118.7 193.6 White crappie 2.1 88.8 4 4 Black crappie Logperch 573. 5 573.5

, Sauger 55. 4 60,0 Freshwater drum 199,7 348.1

1. Refers to young-of-year fish.
2. Refers tn all ages collected in summer cove sample <<. ~
3. Based on reservoir surfact area nf 27,150 ha.
4. Not collected in cove rotenone samples.

Carp were impinged in relatively high, numbers only during the second period. The estimated 1,134 fish represented 8.19 percent of the estimated standing stock of this species in Wheeler Reservoir.

,Silver chub Silver chub impingement remained essentially constant throughout

~he three periods at levels not exceeding an estimated 9,000 individuals per year. The proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was least

'ln the third period (0.29 percent).

Channel catfish Channel catfish were impinged in similar numbers during the first and third operational periods. Numbers were lowest during the second period.

Standing stock increased during the corresponding three years of rotenone sampling (Tables 6-8).

The data suggest that a relatively high proportion of youngmf-year standing stock (59.68 percent, 7.71 percent, and 31.50 percent in 1974, 1975, and 1976, respectively) were impinged. Computations using standing stock numbers for all size classes combined resulted in a much lower proportion removed during these years (8.17 percent, l.84 percent, and 1.35 percent, iespect1vely; Tables 6-8) .

White bass Tmpingement of white bass was over three times higher for the three-unit operational period than for the first and second operational periods.

Standing stock numbers increased an order of magnitude from 1974 to 1976 I

37 (Tables 6-8). As a result, the proportion of standing stock numbers of white bass in Wheeler Reservoir that were impinged decreased from the first to the third operational period. Overall, the proportion of standing stock numbers removed due to impingement ranged from 14;41 percent for young-of-year in 1974 to 6.19 percent in l976 and from 11.66 percent for all ages combined in 1974 to 5.56 percent in 1976. Despite the increaseg number impinged during the third period, standing stock of young-of-year and all ages combined of white base increased from 1976 to 1977 (Table 9).

Yellow bass Impingement of yellow bass showed a marked increase over the three operational periods while mean numerical standing stock in Wheeler Reservoir tended to decrease during this period (Tables 6-8). Consequently, highest relative impingement occurred during the three-unit operational period. The proportion of standing stock reanved by impingement increased from about 1.5 percent during the first two periods to over ll percent during the third period (three-unit operation). Despite the high impingement during the three-unit operation, standing stock of young-of-year increased an order of magnitude

, in 1977 (Table 9).

Green sunfish Impingement of this species increased from 10,154 during the first period to 39,210 during the third operational period (Tables 6 and 8). Conversely, corresponding standing stock estimates decreased from tne first to the third period, resulting in the highest proportion of standing stock being impinged during the third period (9.76 percent of )uveniles and 3.49 percent of 1

all ages combined). The results of cove sampling in 1977 (Table 9), however, showed the greatest standing stock in this year.

White cra ie Impingement of vhite crappie shoved a slight decrease during the three operational periods (numbers were lovest for the third operational period). Standing stock numbers of white crappie were relatively stable over the first three study years (Tables 6-8) and increased greatly in 1977.

Low abundance of young-of-year vhite crappie in the 1976 samples resulted in the high relative impingement (62.42 percent of standing stock numbers) for this age during the three-unit operational period (Tables 6-8). Also, impingement vas high compared to estimated standing stock during the first phriod (27.71 percent of young-of-year and 13.86 percent of the total summer standing stock of all sixes).

~Sau eL'mpingement of sauger ranged from approximately l,&00 fish in the second period to about 3,700 in the first period. Standing stock estimates increased considerably from the first to the third period (Tables 6-8). The proportion of total standing stock removed by impingement exceeded 1 percent only in the first period.

Freshwater drum Impingement of freshvater drum vas highest during the second operational period when intake volume and number of screens in operation vaa least (Table 7).

Standing stock estimates for both young-of-year and all ages combined reflected this unexpected outcome and vere greatest during this period (Table 7). Impinge-mept of freshwater drum appears to be a function of reservoir abundance. The highest relative impingement (Tables 6 and 8) of young-of-year drum vas in the third period (15.16 percent of standing stock numbers and in the first period

39 for all ages combined (6.43 percent). Standing, stock was greatest in 1977 (Table 9) following the three years of impingement monitoring.

DISCUSSION V

The large number of species collected on the intake screens at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant indicates that the intake is not particularly selective. Impingement probably represents a good qualitative picture of the fish community in wheeler Reservoir. This idea is supported in that species which were unique to either impingement or cove rotenone samples were uncommon

(< 0.05 percent of the total number collected), Compared with the proportional composition of the rotenone samples, a relatively higher percentage of threadf in shad and skipjack herring were impinged on the intake screens. Sunfish species were impinged in proportions considerably less than those estimated by cove rotenone samples. Thus, the pelagic and highly mobile shad and herring seemed to be more susceptible to impingement than sedentary shoreline species such as the sunfish. It is recognised, however, that cove sampling probably over-estimates reservoir densities of sunfish and underestimates the more pelagic species.

Impingement (all species combined) was lowest for the second operational period when intake flow was lowest and highest for the three>>unit operational period when volume intake of cooling water was greatest. Thus, overall there was a positive relationship'etween the level of plant operation and impingement.

However, differences in impingement among operational periods for several of the dominant species (e.g.. spotted sucker, silver chub, white crappie, and sauger) did not appear to be related to pjant operation an<I may have rcfl<<ct<<d year class variation of these species in the reservoir.

40 Several deviations from the "typical" seasonal pattern for monthly impingement of clupeids .occurred after the start of three-unit operation at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant. The high fall impingement (approximately 4.5 million fish from September through November 1976) was probably due to a large standing stock of young-of-year clupeids in Wheeler Reservoir. High impingement in November may also reflect unusually high natural mortality of threadfin shad due to cold shock from exceptionally low water temperatures during 1976-1977

).

(Fig ure 2). D ecreased impingement during December-February, with even colder water temperatures, suggests that this earlier natural mortality may have severely reduced the numbers of threadfin shad available for impingement.

The failure of clupeid impingement as well as standing stock to increase to usual levels the following susaner suggests that exceptionally high natural mortality of 'fish the previous winter resulted in much reduced levels of recruitment during the spring. Thus, the low impingement of clupeids in late summer 1977 probably reflects low abundance of threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir.

Higher impingement during the night may be the result of (1) diel changes in the distributions of these species in the reservoir (e.g., shoreward movement during the night) causing the fish to become more abundant in the intake area during nocturnal periods and/or (2) decreased ability to avoid the intake during the hours of darkness. it e erogene ty among replicates Excessive heteroge used to statistically examine the difference between een day ay an i i i a d n g h t impingement accentuates the highly variable and sporadic nature of impingement. This probably reflects the contagious distributional nature of these species in the reservoir.

41 Impingement was fairly uniformly distributed among screens except during the one-unit operational period. High impingement on the end screen(s) is probably the result of higher density along the intake channel shoreline. During the one-unit period, the return channel from the cooling towers had not been excavated. A corner was created by the intake channel shoreline and left side (Unit 1 screens) of the intake pumping station. These results suggest that for three-unit operation of Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant, the distribution of fish in the intake channel probably had no significant effect on impingement differences among screens.

For most species examined, the intake screens at Browne Ferry primarily impinged young~f-year fish larger than 51 mm in total length. Th' absence of smaller individuals probably is due to the size opening of the intake I

screen. Smaller fish could be abundant in the intake but would pass through the screens and be entrained with the cooling water. The predominance of juvenile fish in impingement samples is probably a result of several factors: (1) the greater relative abundance of these age classes in the reservoir (e.g., the high impingement of clupeids during late suuaaer months is related to the high abundance of juveniles of this group in the reservoir}; (2) juvenile fish of some species may concentrate in shoreline areas and thus be relatively more susceptible to the intake at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant; and (3) juveniles are il weaker swimmers than adults of the same species and thus are more likely to be impinged given similar exposure levels.

For three dominant species (skipjack herring, channel catfish, and freshwater drum) which exhibited high impingement levels compared to estimated standing stock, relative as well as total impingement for the third period was less than or similar to that for the first period. This suggests that impingement

42 at Srowns Ferry Nuclear Plant was not directly related to standing stock or intake water flow for these species. White base also showed lowest relative impingement during the third period despite increased total impingement.

Standing stocks of this species increased over the four-year period (1974-1977}.

Mhite crappie and yellow base showed higher relative impingement during the third than during the first operational period. The potential for adverse impact from impingement for white crappie appears to be minimized by the fact the estimated 12~nth impingement was actually slightly less for e three-unit than the one-unit operational period. The estimated impinge-ment for the three~nit operational period probably included fish from the abundant 1975 year class. Recruitment of white crappie in Wheeler Reservoir during 1976 was apparently very poor and resulted in high relative impingement for the corresponding operational period.

Although impingement of yellow bass was highest during the three-unit operational period, the large increase in standing stock the following year suggests that impingement did not have an adverse impact on this species.

Mopneye, blue catfish, and black bullhead were infrequently collected in cove rotenone samples; hence, it was difficult to assess the potential for adverse impact due to impingement. Since these species are routinely collected in other types of sampling and since estimated numbers impinged were small, the possibility of a deleterious effect to the reservoir population appears unlikely.

Sunfish impingement increased approximately fourfold from the first tq the third operational period. Except for green sunfish, the standing stock estimates were much greater in 1976 than in 1974. The proportion standing stock r~ved by impingement was low (< 1 percent} for all periods. Expansion of

43 cove densities of suqfish to reservoir density by che mechnd used here prnhnhly produces an overestimate of reservoir standing stock. However, it i8 experced that, except for green sunfish, adgusting the standing stock to only the productive areas of the reservoir vould show impingement co be lese than 1 percent of che standing stock.

CONCLUSIONS

'early all species in Mheeler Reservoir, excluding some darters And shiners, vere collected from the Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant intake screens ac least once since 1974. For the 42 species impinged at rates estimated co be one fish or less per day, the potential for an adverse impact is lov. None of these species is present in such low numbers that the removal of up to 365,fish per year would adversely affect their populati,ons.

Thirteen of the remaining 30 species vere impinged at rates estimated to exceed one fish per day but in numbers vhich represent less than 1 percent of the estimated reservoir standing stock. hll of these species are common to che Tennessee Valley and, except for bluegill and redear sunfish, less than 1O,OOO fish per year of each species vere estimated to be impinged. For these species this level of impingement is not considered sufficient to cause an adverse impact to the respective populations in Mheeler Reservoir. Furthermore, although bluegill and redear sunfish vere impinged in high numbers, compared co the estimated standing stock this loss.(< O.l percent for bluegill.and < O.S percent for redear) appears to be negligible in terms of impact tn their populations.

Five of the remaining 17 species vhich vere impinged at rates exceeding 1 percent of the estimated standing stock for at least. one 12-month period were

44 rarely collected in cove samples. Because these species (mooneye, blue catfish, black and brovn bullhead, nnd black crappies) arc common in Tennessee Valley vaters and vere impinged at rate" estimated to be less than three individuals per day, impingement is not considrred to have the notential for adverse impact.

The remaining lo species vere impinged in numbers exceeding 1 percent of their estimated standing stocks. Among these, ,tanding stock data for skipJack herring and gizzard shad did not reveal any effect of plant operation on their population levels in Wheeler Reservoir. For both species the proportion of standing . tock impinged vas least in thc third period vhen standing stock estimates vere highc. t.. At thc end of three years of'peration nnd monitoring, these populations do not appear to have been adver ely af'fected by the Brovns I'erry Plant. The much reduced standing stock of threadfin shad in 1977 reflects the effect of lov trmperature rnther than any effect of the intake. It, is cxnected that the rrcnvrry of this species vill be independent of plant operation.

It. is very unlikely that the impingement of 1,134 carp per year vould pose an adverse impact to this population. Similarly, silver chub, a species commonly impinged throughout much 1

of the Tennessee Valley, vas collected in sufficiently lov numbers to preclude the poss5bility of an adverse impact to the Wheeler Reservoir population.

Channel catfish densities are probably poorly estimated by cove rotenone sampling. This species appears to be more charncterist5.c of the main-stream portion nf the reservoirs. Standing .". ock numbers increased -through-cut the three years of monitoring and annual impingement did not increase appreciably from the fi.rst to the third operational period (maximum 25,000 .ishI, zherebv demonstrating thr absence of adverse impact.

The increased impingement of ~hite bass from the first to the third period,may be due to both increased plant operation and increased abundance.

The density of this fish is also probably underestimated by cove rotenone since it is a pelagic species more characteristic of the open reservoir, Since the standing stock of white bass increased from 1976 to 1977 despite impingement of 51,000 inuividuals of the 1976 standing stock, impingement of white bass does .not constitute an 'adverse impact.

The Yellow bass population probably experienced no adverse impact from impingement. Although increasing impingement coupled with decreasing standing stock estimates during the monitoring period resulted in a maximum stock removal of 11.22 percent for all ages combined, the very high standing stock of young-of-year in 1977 probably precludes an adverse impact.

Green sunfish showed a trend of increasing impingement and decreasing standing stock which resulted in greatest potential for impact during the third period of three-unit operation. However, neither the total number impinged nor the proportion of standing stock impinged is expected to adversely affect this population. The decreasing trend in green sunfish standing stocks was continuous from 1969 through 1976. Additionally, the increased standing stock in 1977 indicates that the impingement has not adversely affected this population.

White crappie were probably greatly underestimated by cove sampli,ng.

The impingement of up to 8,000 individuals per year is not expected to represent an adverse impact to the Wheeler Reservoir white crappie population. Similarly, the removal of up to 3,700 sauger per year is not expected to adversely affect the reservoir population.

Freshwater drum impingement appears to be more related to standing stock than to the level of plant operation. Since the proportion of drum stocks

46 removed by impingement and the annual impingement has not increased through-out tho years ol plant operation, the posslbtllty of an ndverso fmpact ls unl ike1y.

In suaaaary, the overall impingement of fish at Brogans Ferry Nuclear Plant does not appear to represent an adverse environmental impact to the Wheeler Reserv ~r f.'ah community.

47 IeITERATURP CITED Hollander, H., and D. A. %olfe. 1973. Nonparametric statistical methods. John Nley and .";ons, Inc. 503 pp.

Sokal, R. R., and P. S. hohlf. 1969. 3iometry. M. H. Preeman and Company, San Francisco, California. 776 pp.

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