Text

Forwards Info Re Lagoon discharge,U-to-chemical Ratios & Quantity of Chemicals Entering Lagoon in Response to .Unlikely Lagoon Discharge Will Affect Fauna
	ML20126J882
Person / Time
Site:	Framatome ANP Richland
Issue date:	01/30/1981
From:	Estey H; SIEMENS POWER CORP. (FORMERLY SIEMENS NUCLEAR POWER
To:	Shum E; NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY & SAFEGUARDS (NMSS)
References
	18351, NUDOCS 8105060307
	Download: ML20126J882 (48)
	v • d • e

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Uranium Process Licensf ; 3ec:io6'y.

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.ranium Fuel Licensing iranch [-

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Gentlemen:

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Reference:

Your letter of October 1,1930 3

My letters of January ? 5 21, i.:51 Enclosed are tno copies of Exxon Nuclet 's res:: ses

coments and

vestions of section 6 Of the enclost, t a yc.:- :: ::e-1,1980 letter.

l This completes our res:: :ses to your v.>iror. r:a' :D re.-ts and questions

n our license rene.,a: e:oli:ation.

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f you have any questice.s or corrents, ;; ease :ar e :- (509) 375-8537.

Sincera',

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r H. Pa.C Es:.. Manager Licensf ; 1 ;orliance, Ope-a:in; F1:ilities HPE/cic cc: Dr. F. Wi :ey 1710 Goodri::;e Dri.e P.0, Box 1303

',,., [.g McLean, VA 22102 A::"oved:

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E. : C:mment i

What has been :he annua; dis:harge of uranium :o the ;ag :no?

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Please c: ~::e your beat estimate of :he urx'.xn discharge :o the estima:ei discharye in the uraniwn o.:ide I:.5 :-i the varicus Envir:nmen::t Reports. Ailer.da 1-5) auberitted fo'r licenae radification or reneuct.

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Resoonse r

The annual' discharges of uranium to the lagoon system are provided below. The basis for these data is Exxon Nuclear's special nuclear i

material safeguards measurement program, in which the total measured i

balance as of 3/29/80, plus 100 kg for the non-measured period of i

October,1979, was pro-rated by the amount of UF throughput per Since October,1979, actual SNM safeguardh measurement data year.

have been used.

i Uraniun Discharged l

Year To Lagoons (kg) 1971 5.t i

1972 203.2 t

1973 204.4 1974 317.4 1975 549.1 1976 682.6 1977 770.4 1978 1093.3 1979 123'. 1 1980 1353.6 l

t The amounts of uranium previously estimated (i.e., in the Uranium i

0xide Fuel Plant EIS, and Exxon Nuclear's Supplemental Environmental Reports J.*l-14, Add-l and JN-14, Add-3) to be discharged to the i

lagoon system were on the order of 0.5 pounds per day or 180 kg/ year.

The data presented in the above table were generated in 1980 and represent Exxon Nuclear's official uranium inventory in the lagoon system.

Due to the pro-rating of the measured uranium balance in 1980, the official uranium values do not comoare favorably with previously estimated values.

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Comment I

Wha: is the m:n:h'y average :r.i *:erge of oc".cen:::tien 'in

r to::~ 3), T, 2, 5:. 'ar ppm) of the chemica:a:r ani U in the L:3, :::".,

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gc:v. ~iquid for :he ic:: 12 ::':2 mon:ha?

Resconse i

Over the years, Exxon Nuclear has taken and analyzed la;;on samples for two main purposes; (1) to provide uranium ir.ventory j

estimates and (2) to provide source term information f -

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c lagoon leak investigations.

Na, Al and Zr have not beer analyzed for in lagoon samples, nor does Exxon Nuclear tenduct an on-going routine lagoon sampling program (other than for SNM inventory purposes). However, lagoon sample data that are l

available are summarized in tne f:llcwing sections.

6.2.1 Lacoon Liouid Samales on 9/29/S0 l

A single sample was taken from each lagoon and analyzed #or fluoride, nitrate, ammonia and sulfate content; the analytical l

results of these samples are sumnarized below.

High (3:m)

Low (ppal Ave. (ppm)

F 25,000 9,000 15,500 i

3' 03 (as N) 103,1:0 6,15; 42,700 NH S0 62,250 1,050 30,100 4

6.2.2 Uranium Content of Lagoon Liquid Samoles for Period of January, 1979 Through May, 1980 l

Weekly samples were collected frca each lagoon during this I

period and analy:ed for uranium content; the analytical results i

of these samples are summarized below.

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"cnthly Average Uranium Conceqtrations (otm) t Year Month High Low Ave.

l 1979

-January 145 12 30 February 134 66 91 March 193 37

'.13 April 197 57

'20 May 21 6 90

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June 243 175 2 '. 2 i

July 225 214

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August 293 1 81 253 I

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Monthly Average l

Uranium Concentrations (oem)

Year Month High Low Ave.

1979 September 285 229 256

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October 307 231 259 November 228 179 204 December 272 117 185 1930 January 244 130

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Februa ry 194 36 121 i

March 257 55 163 April 343 59 221 l

May 273 38 183 6.2.3 Chemical Characteristics of Lagoon Liquid for Period of February througn October, 1978 Weekly samples were collected from each lagoon during this period and analyzed for uranium, fluoride, nitrate, amronia j

and. sulfate content; the analytical results of these samples l

are summarized below.

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Uranium l

Monthly Average l

Uranium Concentrations (opm)

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Month Hign Low Av_.

Februa ry 160 150 155 i

March 148 5

82 i

April 116 107 112 i

ftay 122 7

80 June 163 97 122 July 206 115 151 August 379 194 277 September 351 175 265 October 314 101 208 i

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Fluoride i

Monthly Average

1uoride Concentrations I::m)

Month nign Low Ave.

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Februa y

^2,000 9,600 11,S00 March 12,350 1,790 7,880-Aprii 12,330 11,070 11,700 l

May 23,330 1,080 14,430 June 22,400 14,870 18,380 July 11,010 5,550 8,760 l

August 21,540 17,810 24,380 Septem:er 25,900 19,200 22,050 October 35,400 14,880 25,660 I

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Nitrate + Ammonia Monthly Average

-. ' N0, (as N) Concentrations (;:m)

NH, a

Month 2igh low Ave.

Februa ry 31,980 12,270 22,125 3

March 12,550 1,580 9,00:

April

'5,840 12,820 14,330 e

May 12,360 2,440 13,550 June 27,330 la,920 21,190 l

July 25,470 17,350 21,520 August 11,860 30,520 36,110 Septecter 21,330 24,310 30,130 October 23,190 14,670 23,210 d)

Sulfate Monthly Average Sulfate Concentrations (::,)

Month High Low Ave.

February 11,930 1,180 6,560 March

'2,390 800 5,180 April

?,300 6,740 8,020 May 9,660 1,130 5,330 June 15,200 890 8,900 July 15,030 1,230 8,170 August

^3,940 3,240 10,030 Septem:er 29,380 16,220 21,3C:

October

'.7,130 4,020 10,723

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$3 :Cmmen:

Would :he qu:ntities :l chemicals, listed in ques:icn i.: discharged be in :he a e cr:::::icn relative o uranium 13 :he ea:i.:ted discharge gised di yc: ~ cnvironmental reports 'f:r e== p*e Icble

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Response

UraniLm-to-chemical ra:ios have been calculated from data contained i.n Table 3.5 of J"-14, Add-3 and from those preser.tec in the response i

to question 6.2 (see section 6.2.3, above). These ratios are presented in Table 6.3 (attached).

From these data it is seen that the average uranium-to-chemical ratios for the period of February through October,1978 have exceeded those based on Table 3.5 of JN-14, Add-3 by factors of >26, >25 and >89 for fluoride, nitrate +

ammonia (as N), and sulfate, respectively.

However, from experience with the recently installed ion-exchange system in ore of the UF -

U0, conversion lines, it is anticipated that the uranium-to-chemical ratios of liquids discr.arged to the lagoon system in the future will be more in the range of those based on Table 3.5 of JN-14, Add-3.

i. s C: men ~

To yo'c' kn:'.;hige, h:re soil column studica been perf:r 2: on soil chcrz::sriari:3 :l :h::e underlying the C: ai:e?

_~f c:, ;; ease describe :he r::e of ravel of the various chemi:::a ::n:.:ined in

he Ic; on $f 2 ea.h '.'ere to occur.

I Response.

We are not aware of any such soil column studies.

The most appropriate i

discussion of the sorption characteristics of the soil for these chemicals, along witn the rate of travel in the groundwater, is contained in Document.o. BNW/JN-68, "Environmen ci Aspects of the Waste Storage Lagoon" (copy attached).

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hhat 53 the 502 :icn.iiatance and direction fr:m :he c; cns) of i

the neares: ue;; th=: is used for drinking vater?

Resconse i

r The nearest well that is used for drinking water is located 2.14 miles west (7 30' sou:n of west) from the lagoon system.

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Das: ribe ne c :2ea of :caks from :he *.: :cna :: i::e.

3riefly at.c: ::'i:t :he ::~iar.a :cken to preven: reaccurrences.

Res::nse The his::ne of k.;an lageon leaks an{ i:30ciatet corrective actions is suc arized in Table 6.6 (attached,.

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Cor~en:

P Placae l.c:":ish di.cr.aicna cf the f:c: s of ec:h : gcon.

i Res:onse The di-.er.sions of the lagoon floors are provided below.

r La;::q ID Lencth (north-soutnl(ft.)

Width (east-west)(ft.)

'sc. 1 201 228 i

':. 2 101 235

2. 3 346 208 244 202 Sar.:;it 276 14.5 i

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-:. ! Cor~en:

Asc:c-in: -hz is::iea-ia Lines on :he ::::::arging s;:stch are re con:h:y ac: c'::; :-i the'(2u cf :he unac~fi".ci aquifer is normai to these linea, :

ra n:r;i :esteri.: ficu cc :r.ing see a indicated in the lag:cn :n: :h.:n has bean mentioned ;rericua;y. Readinga taken at tes: ::e**

1, ?, and to a 2escer depea, test cett 11 aeem to tend t

verift:::k. :o.):e presence of tiis n:r:1:eeterly flou.

G:e quest & : hen ie, n.at con:.:~rinanta in +.at quantitica could be mip::in; nortir.eatuard be ueen tes: us:La 1 cr.i :::

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Restor.se The ske::. referred to above was not a: ached to the questions.

However, -t is assu ed tnat it is one t at was prepared by a consultant follo h._: a orief study of the ENC :sst well system in September and 00 :::er of '..77 and January,1972, and which is shown in Figure 7.2-2.

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Supolemer.:t; water elevation informa-i:n is presented below for the respective test wells.

Tsst Water Test Water Well Elevation Well Elevation

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MSL (ft)*

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MSL (ft)*

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353.35 9

353.29 -

2 353.33 10 353.35 l

3 353.39 11 353.50 4

353.39 12 353.45 S

353.45 13 353.48 6

353.46 14 353.06 7

353.42 15 353.06 8

353.56 t

(*) Average of 10 measurements each for test wells 1 through 13 between March 3,1930 'and January 21, 1931; average of 5 measure en:s each for test wells 14 and 15 between September 15, 1980 and January 21, 1981.

I These ca a show that the grnundwater elevation at test well no. 8 is higher than that at any of the other test wells, thus supporting the concest of generally easterly fics; also, the groundwater elevations at the test wells west of : e lagoon system are higher than those at test wells east of the la;oons.

Further, these data i

support the concept of localized nortmwardly flow of the groundwater i

in the vicinity of the lagoon system.

It is also tn be noted that chemica.1 characteristics of water in the test wells indicate a flow direct'on which parallels lines between test wells 1 to 14 and 2 to 15, respectively (see T.able j

7.3-6).

Further, historical data and infor. a:':n concerning test well sample results and observed defects ir, lagoon liners support the data presented above.

For example, in 1973, analytical results of test well samples indicated that there was a leak from the north lagocn (at that time, only lagoons 1 and 2, and test wells 1, 2, 3, l

4 and 8 existed).

The north lagoon was emptied, cleaned and the Petromat liner inspected.

Figure 6.5-1 (attached) is a' copy of a diagram from the subsequent investigation report, which shows the lo:stions ("x" marks) of observed defects in the lagoon liner.

Figures 6.8-2 through 6.8-13 show the historical chemical characteristics l

of grour.dwater samples collected feca test wells 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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t These data show tnat the grountaater elevation at test well no. 8 is higher than that 3: any of. the other test wells,' thus supporting the concept of generally easterly flew; al:0, the groundwater elevations at the test wells west of : e lagcon system are higher than those at test wells east of the lagoons.

Further, these data support the concept of locali:ed nor:n ardly flow of the groundwater in the vicinity of the lagoon system.

It is also to be noted nat enemical cnaracteristics of. water in the test wells indicate a flow direction which parallels lines

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i between test wells 1 to 14 and 2 to 15, respectively (see Table 7.3-6).

Further, historical data and information concerning test well sample results and observed defects in lagoon liners support the data presented above.

For example, in 1973, analytical results of test well samples indica:ed that there was a leak from the north lagoon (at that time, only lagcons 1 and 2, and test wells 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 existed). The rcrth lagoon was emptied, cleaned and the i

Pe:romat liner inspected.

Figure 5.3-1 (attached) is a copy of a diagram from the subsequent investigaci:n report, which shows the locations ("x" marks) of observed defec:s in the lagoon liner.

Figures 5.8-2 tnrough 6.3-13 show the ristorical chemical characteristics of groundwater samples collected frc.,. test wells 1, 2, 3 and 4.

i. 2 Cc= men:

cat uc;;a : and 3 h:.'e sh:.v. -he ;rew::e :l Ducriie, nitrate and su; fur.

.~ea t uelia :2, i, i, :r.i f h:;e inis::ted :he presence of r.i:::te ari ve:: 7 :he presence :l su;f r.

.~he prc:irrity of these ue::a :c :he :ce of the i*hea (ex:e.: r:.a-her :0) :<.i the distance ae::r=:in; them pcses n.e pcasibi5i y :l n.~rou cor..minant plumes (narrou due to the short distances fron posaible release points) migrating, unde:ected, he:ueen the = eat uei:a along the castern side of :he lagcor.:.

C= ycu des.~:he :he ;ikelihoed or probabili:-j of :he ue;; ayatem de:ea:fr.; :e:ka 1:s ing :he :cyde between lines aya:en does no: ucr :?

Resconse First, tne "Detween-liners leak ronitoring syster" does work; a defect in the upper Hypalon liner of lagoon no. 2 was detected by the respective leak monitcring systen.

Second, since the fluorice, nitrate and sulfate are intimately 1

mixed in the lecoc system, the detection of one of these chemical characteristics in the grourdwa:er should be a: companied with de ection of the other enerical characteristics if the source of contamination is of la; con crigin.

This has been shown to be the

At least quarterly, a vacuum is drawn on each sampling head.

If liquid is obtained from a sampling head, it is analyzed for fluccide content.

The following investigative action would be initiated in the event that a significant cuantity of liquid with a fluoride concentration of no e than 3 mg/t should be pumped from any between-l liner sampling nead.

Determine the lower Hypalon liner integrity by:

activation of I

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the sampling heads located between the lower Hypalon liner and the original Petromat liner of lagoons 1 and 3 (a sampling heads for each of these two lagoons); sampling the 3 dry wells associated with the " French Drains" located under the lower Hypalnn liner of lagoon 4; maximum utilization of the lagoon i

test well system.

t If a significant leak is detected in the upper liner of a lagoon, it will be scheduled for repair, expeditiously.

Liquid waste from the leaking lagoon would be pumped into the other lagoons. Our i

normal practice is to maintain the liquid level in each lagoon at (or below) the " safe operating level".

In this manner, there is i

normally s2 feet of unused storage capacity in each lagoon which would be available in the event (as has been experienced) that a lagoon had to be removed from service, emptied, cleaned and repaired.

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%:o re eiic; :::'cn viit be snan to :lez,: :o c:nt=~irw.to in

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grcw:d ::er i:a :: =;ccr. ;e dags iv. :he past'?

Resconse l

None. With the groundwater flow being to the north and then east

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i where similar chemical contamination currently exists from other sources, and where there are no drinking water wells, we feel that no remedial action beyond that which has already taken in providing better lagoon liner and leak monitoring systems is warranted.

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Describe :he pr:p:sei add +*ticm L mori;or ve;;s to be ir.a:al~ed and I

the adap::y :.' the a: eralt m:nitoring uell syctem =a define the contarr:r.:nt aire in :r w:ducter sua: ems.

i Resoonse Figure 6.12 (attached) shows the additional test wells (nos. 1 and i

15), as well as the other 13 test wells, in relation to the lagoon system.

Inis figure is drawn to scale, and pertinent distances are shown in this figure.

(The test well locations shcwn in Figure b

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i 7.2-2 are n:: to scale.) These two additional test wells were installed in September,1930, and lave been sampled weekly since then.

3 As cis:usse: in our response to question 6.8, extensive groundwater elevation eisurements at the 15 test wells show that the general l

dire::icn ;# groundwater flow in the vicinity of the E"C plant is to the eas:.

Similarly, tne direction of groundwater flow in the immediate. :inity of the lagoon system is to the nor:n. As such, j

the currer.: system of test wells is considered adequate to de~tect-leaks fro. :ce lagoons, and to track resulting contamination plumes I

to the southern edge of the DOE property, as discussed in our response to question 6.11.

As discusse: in our response to question 6.8, supported by data j

presented i-Table 7.3-6, test wells 1 and 14 appear to be in the wester, ed;e of the existing contamination plume, whereas test wells 2, 9 and 15 appear to be representative of the maximum contamination in the gro.nzsater.

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TABLE 6.3 Ura 4 um-To.C: emical Ratios U*3 2 Urani;m/ Chemical Ratios

-em Table 3.5 of JN-14, Add-3 Pounts. :r//

U/F 7;H3 + :10 (as N )

U/SO,,

-3

< 0.4 x ::~

< 0.3 x 10

< 0.2 x 10

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Uranium / Chemical Ratios (:jonth;./ '/e.

, I-ve. :m )From Response to j

.o ntr.. y 9

3 Question 6.2 (section 6.2.3)__

Month U/F (x10-3)

,..;i - !!0., ( a s N ) ( x10~)

U/50. (x10-3) l Februa ry 13.1 7.0 23.6 l

March 10.4 9.1 15.8 April 9.6 7.8 14.0 May 5.5 5.9 15.0 i

i June 6.6 5.8 13.7 July 17.2 7.0 13.5

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f August 11.4 7.7 27.6 September 12.0 8.8 l?.4 October 8.1 9.0 19.4 l

Ave.

10 7.6 17.8 t

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TAlit.1: 6. fi

';unm.iry, of 1.ayotni 1.caks F. Awoc i iteil Cor ective Act ions Time Period Causes Corrective Actions Pre-1974 lloles in Petromat liner.

Removed an original survey stake and rocks tiial liad worked up to the surface of the urideriying soil; patched the holes; several other apparently weak sections of the liner were reinforced; tiie entire Petromat liner was then resurfaced.

1974-1977 Separution of seams in Petromat liners.

Repaired and reinfc,rced separated seams; reinforced several apparently weak sections of the liners; resurfaced the entire Petromat liners of latnin. no..

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lustalled a sliitile Ilypalon liner oli t op ol' the resurfaced Petromat liner of lagoon no. 2.

Post-1977 Separation of seams in Petromat liners.

Repaired and reinforced separated seams in Petromat liners; resurfaced Petromat liners of lagoons nos. 1 & 3; installed double-Ilypalon liner systems with inter-mediate sand layers and leak monitoring systems in all lagoons.

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E.T/IRONMENTAL ASPECT _ CF THE WASTE STORAGE LAICCJ t

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_60 JERSEY NUCLEAR C::12iY 1

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R. H. Purcell i

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October 1971 i

0 B A~s i ;'.L:. ".EMORI AL "...:-.. '.'. :.

PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABC;r ::ES RICHL;!iD, WASHINGTC:.

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l B ::#..e :s not an gste: un esearcin f or ad. ert:..- t

< : ; --:a tion. or pub lic::),

n: :h.is reprt ~.:p m:: be reproducci :n r...

- a ::n ':* :uch purpses l

O p

l E'i'!I:CN ENTAL ASPECTS OF THE WASTE STORAGE LA300N INTRODUCTION The Jersey Nucleir Company has constructed a sealed waste storace lagoon to store i s licuid chemical process wastes while a final waste treatment facility is develcped. At that time, the lagoon will become an accumulator receptacle at the head end of the process.

i The purpose of this report is to examine the effects of the lagoon on the terres rial and aquatic ecology of the region. The information contained in the report is based upon contributions by:

C. E. :ushing - Ecosystems Department i

R. T. Jaske - Water and Land Resources Department T. P. O'Farrell - Ecosystems Department A. E. Reisenauer - Water and Land Resources Decartment i

W. H. Rickard, Jr. - Ecosystems' Department R. C. Routson - Water and Land Resources Department f

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iT SUttttARY i

It is unlikely that the lagoon will have any effect upon the resident r-bircs and small anirals of the area as they normally obtain their moisture through tneir food and other sources as dew on grasses and plants. Game birds are expected on occasion to attempt to use the n-i lagoon as a source of drinking water and migrating waterfcwl will prcbably be attracted to the lagoon as a resting place, particularly if the lagoon offers a refuge from hunters.

However, the chemical concen-7 c

tra::on in the lagoon is expecte<J to deter the use of the lagoon as a source of drinking water and as a resting place. The perimeter fence wi',', prevent the use of the lagoon by deer and wandering cattle.

'r l 'q Am onium sulfate will build up in the lagoon to a concentration of about 650 grams / liter af ter one year's operation. l;c toxicity data on birds was located for this compound. As the high cnemical concentration in i

the-lagoon is expected to deter the use of the lagoon to birds, any i

toxic affects are expected to be negligible. It is recommended that the lac:en be monitored ou a regular basis and if adverse effects are dis-i cciared that corrective action, such as fencing over the lagoon, be begun.

(.

As the gro;nd water flow frca the Jersey fluclear site is to the Columbia River, the effects of the highly unlikely event of seepage from the lagoon due to an imperfection in the lining was evaluated. Based upon experience j

of Jersey ?!uclear personnel, a one aquare fcot imperfection was selected as c:rservatively exceeding the largest leak wrica wculd be undetected by such means I

as sludge flow patterns.

Sorption of the chenicals in the calcareous soil j

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of the area and dilution by the grouncwa:er reduces the chemica? con-centration entering the Columbia River t0 less than max' um cemissible f

concentrations f:r surface waters.

Dilution by the Coh. oia g

River reduces tr.e concentrati0ns further and the contri:ution :# these chemicals would ::e insignificant with regard to potentially si;-f ficant pollution.

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D!SCUSSIC.;

f escriotion and Oceration of Process Naste Laccen -

t According to the design criteria, the lac:en is sized for one year's j

i waste volume.

It covers a minimum ares :# E3,000 square feet and is

~w four feet deep. A dike is provided to df.ide the lagoon into a working area of 20,000 square feet and a surge area comprising the remainder of i

the lagoon. The water level in the enclosed 20,0C0 square feet will be i

maintained at a one foot minimum depth to prevent drying of the salts t

in the enclosed area and subsequent blowing of the chemicals out of the

[

laccon.

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The lagoon is sealed on the bottom and a',1 sides with an impervious t

material (Phillips synthetic non-woven fioric "Pe:remat" coated with nydraulic sealant and asbestos fibers) to prevent seepage to the ground water.

Four test holes have been drilled into the water table, one on each corner, for sampling of the groundwater. The lagoon and the wells will be sampled on a regular basis.

1 f-The-lagoon is enclosed within the Jersey Nuclear clant perimeter fence r

(six foot minimum), thereby preventing wild life and non-Jersey ?!uclear

(

i f

personnel from access to the lagoon.

t An ey;ected maximum of 7300 gallons / day :f liquid chemical process waste will be dischar ged to the lagoon. The se:arate flows from the various cortions of the fuels plants will be c:'.~,ected by a chemical process sewer m

I l

{

i 5

(\\

t l

s stem, neutralized with sulfuric acid to minimize the evolution of r

,l a-onia fu es from the lagoon surface and dis:harged through a common s

xtiet into the lagoon. The combined flow is exoected to contain the amounts i

of chemicals listed in Table I.

~

Y TABLE I_

i AMOUNT OF CHEMICALS ENTERIflG THE LAGOON e

' Chemicals Pounds / Day c

i 11C0

.H N

3 530 F

.0 400

?

3 30 fla r

i 1610 50,,

Al 10 i

10 Zr 0.5 U

t 0

Pu l

Excected Chemical Concentrations After One Year of Operation Ine final waste treatment plant is expected to be in operation in late 1972; Inerefore, the chemical concentrations in the lagoon were calculated assuming

)

355 days of operation and one foot of water in the 20,000 square foot section of the lagoon (566,000 liters).

Examination of solubility data in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (I'2) revealed that only the couble salt sodium zirconium fluoride (5 itaF.2 ZrF ) would exceed its 4

solubility limit (3.87 grams / liter).

The cnemical concentrations were l

corrected for this precipitation and are given in Table II.

l l

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l

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/

6 TABLE II LAGOON CHEMICAL CONCE.'CFATION AFTER :'.E YEAR'S OPERATION g.

Total Grams 3 rams Ne-Grar.s Lagoon 4-.

Into Lagoon Precipitated

'- Lagoon Concentration Chemical (Millions) l l l i ons )

'uillicns)

(c/l) -- -

182 322 NH 182 3

F 87.8 1.2 86.6 153 l

NO 66.3 66.3 117 3

I Ma 5.0 0.6 4.4 8

SO 267 267 472 4

Al 1.7 1.7 3

Zr 1.7 0.9 0.3 1.4 U

0.08 0.C8 0.1 h

I Terrestrial Ecolocy

,i l.

Biotic Site Cescriotion The Jersey Nuclear Plant is locatec i. a ecological habitat that l

represents a highly dis urbed vegetation that under pristine conditions 1

was dominated by bitterbrush and sagebrush with a sparse herbaceous

}

understory dominated by sandberg bluegrass.

Following years of disturbance by fire, gra:ing and in s: e instances cultivation the

!L area presently is comprised ecstly of a"en weeds especially cheatgrass brome and native species of rabbitbrus ;.

I Relatively few bird scecies tolerate n's kind of vegetation.

The meadowlark is the most abundant bird.

e horned lark and loggerhead f

shrike are also resider: :irds.

5:re-i es the long-billed curlew nests in the vicinity.

The u: land game bir:s - at occasicnally use the area are the mourning dc/e, California :. ail and the Chinese ring-necked cneasant.

._w_-.

5 l

~

7 t

It is unlikely that the creat' ion of tne lagoon will have any effect i

l upon these kinds of birds as they normally obtain their moisture r

~

through insects and other types of food.

It can be exoected that j

~

the game birds will on occasion attempt to use the lagcon as a j

source of drinking water. The high chemical content will deter f

such use on a regular basis.

l i

The lagoon will probably attract migrating waterfowl as a resting place, especially ducks, coots and grebes, particularly if the lagoon offers a refuge from ha.rrassment by hunters.

Ducks attempting to L

i use the lagoon will be rostly spring and winter migrants and will i

not be present during rust of the year. Again the hign chemical concentration will deter the use of cne lagoon as a source of drinking ti water and will also serve as a detriment to use as a resting place.

l The most abundant small mammals in the area, i.e., pocket mice, i

deermice, ground squirrels and jackraobi.ts, will probably not be attracted.

g to the lagoon at all. These animals normally obtain their moisture t

from their food and frca such sources as dew on grass and plants.

t The fence will be effec:ive in keeckg deer and wandering cattle from I

attempting to use the lagoon as a scarce of drinking water.

t 2.

Toxic Effects of Ammoniun Sulfate on Biota Ammonium sulfate will be the compound with the highest concentration l

in the lagoon.

Based ron the sulfa:e concentration of 472 grams per liter af ter one year's operation, tne ammonium sulfate concentration will be 649 grams / liter.

j l

i l

i p-8 i

c

~ e compound is a rather innocuous substance; so much so that no work has i

I teen attempted to establish LD_0's for organisr.s o:ner than the laboratory 3

)

f rate. The LD oral dose to rats is 820 mg/kg There are 50 aoparently no studies of tne toxic effects of the compound on birds.

Ammonium persulfate is used at 100 ppm in wheat flour. When heated, r

it decomposes to ammonium sulfate, which persists and is considered j

I harmless.@,5) The residual ammonium sulfate concentration is 58 ppm.

j Amounts 15 times higher (1500 ppm as the persulfate yielding a residual

.l of 870 ppm as the sulfate) have been used in baking practices without adverse effects. At a starting concentration of 10,000 ppm as the l

1,

ersulfate (yielding a residual of 5800 ppm as the sulfate) growth j

1 and reproduction was impaired in rats.

The ammonium sulfate concentration increases racidly in the lagoon i

f (1.8 grams / liter / day), exceeding the concentrations discussed above in less than a week of operation. The. lack of studies on birds prevents a direct assessment of any toxic effec +.s on birds.

As mentioned creviously, the high chemical concen: ration is expected to deter the use of the lagoon as a source of drinking water and as a resting

[

i place.

Any toxic effects should be negligible.

It is recommended

{

i that the lagoon be checked on a regular basis during the coming l

i migratory season to determine if waterfowl are attemoting to use the 6

lagoon and if so whether there are any adverse effects on these birds.

I If there are adverse effects, corrective action (such as fencing over k

f i

the lagoon) should be begun.

l t

i r

he

I e

9 l

Acuatic Ecolocy

~ e lagoon is sealed on the bottom and 5 3 :e3 and seepage to the ground-7 i

i water is highly unlikely. However, as - e ' low of groundwater from the i

Jersey ?!uclear site is to the Columoia 7've', the effe'ct of a leak on

~

^

L 1

the aquatic bicta was evaluated. Essec.:cn experience of Jersey fluclear i

cersonnel with sealed lagoons, a one s;.are foot imperfection in the Petromat j

liner was selected as conservative 1/ ex:eecing tue largest leak which weald I

be undetected by such means as slucge f;;w patterns.

t The infiltration rate of the ground in :ne region is 10 to 15 gallons / day /

s:uare foot.(0) The selected leak rate fr:a the lagoon is therefore 1

15 gallons / day.

I

\\ 7 The factors to be evaluated are:

(1) H:w much of the chemicals will be

[

i held up in the soils? (2) Where will : e chemicals reach the river?

l (3) Hcw much dilution will occur :efore ::e chemicals reach the river?

I (4) What will be the concentrations of the chemicals in the Columbia x

River? (5) What will be the effects of these concentrations in the river?

J Each of these factors is discussed se:arately.

l 1.

Holduo of Chemicals in the Soil l

The soils and sediments of the Hanf:rd Project are generally calcareous e

and react with aqueous solutior.s to bu#fer these solutions at pHs i

greater than 7.0.

In addition, these soils tend to raise the solution calcium concentration to 20 p: :r greater. These soils have adequate j

1 cation excnange cacacities to ef#e:: 5: lute sorption, but very low anion exchange cacacities; cerse:uen:~y, aniens tend to move uninnioited with the aqueous solution.

443

l ti I

~~

10 1

_(

Zr, U, and Al will hydroly:e and tend to form insoluble hydroxides or hydrous oxides at pH 7.: :r greater and will be filtered from the f

solution phase by the soil.

Equilibrium concentrations in the solution will be 10~7 ppm, 13~3 ppm, and 10-13_ ppm for Zr, U, and Al, respectively.(7}

Fluoride will be sorbed due to the replacement of CACO by CaF -

3 2

~

This reaction can be exoected to reduce the fluoride concentration.to about 4 ppm.(8) Additional sorption of fluoride is not expected due to its anionic nature.

I While icn exchange will sorb scme of the sodium, the final concentration I

cannot be accurately predicted.

To be conservative, no sodium removal l./.

will be assumed.

\\

sulfate is an anion and estan:ially no sorption will occur for this 7

component.

Ammonia will be present in water largely as NH +

(>99%) which would 4

4 be strongly sorbed on soi'.s by ion exchange; however, flH +

is readily 4

converted to NO by soil organisms. Generally, the rate of conversicn 3

j is rapid and the only safe approach is to consider all soluble nitrogen to be in the nitrate form, whicn will not be sorbed because of its anionic character.

Chemical concentrations after soil sorption are given in Table III.

m

~,

j I

11 Is e,

TABLE III

(

i CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS AFTER SOIL SORPTI0il

~

concentration Af ter Chemical Lagoon Concentration a/l Soil Sorotion a/l l

NH

'22 1291 (292 as ri) j 3

NO II7 3

F 153 n.00-Na 8

8 f

SO 472 472 4

1 x 10-I, Al 3

~

Zr 1.4 1 x 10 U

0.1 1 x 10-6 2.

Direction of Groundwater Flow The Hanford groundwater system is shown in Figure 1.

The contours were c

drawn from interpretation of water levels in the monitoring wells and r

river stage measurements.

A stream tube from the Jersey Nuclear site has been drawn on the map which shows that the gr'oundwater flow is predominantly east to the Columbia River. Groundwater passing beneath the site would be expected to enter the river near the Port of Benten I

Pumping Station.

l l

Spreading will occur due to the flow geometry as the waste moves from the lagoon to the water table.

However, lateral spreading in the water table due to flow geometry (diverging flow paths) is minimal l

8 as shown on the attached figure.

A small amount of spreading will occur due to hydrodynamic dispersion.

It appears that the lateral spread will not exceed 1/4 mile by the time the waste reaches the river bank.

9

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Basalt cutcrop cbove watcr-tcble

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... Wcter-table contours in teet cbove rncan sea level; 5 foot conteur intervals, except

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W ll in which water-leve! was recorded

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Figure 1 DireO:* 9 Of Grou dwater Flow

13

(

3.

Jilutien of Chemicals in Gr:undwater i

F

}

The amour.t of dilution of tne chemicais in the groundwater ;ay be

.alculated frem the volume of groundaater being dischsegt: into

~

the river from 1/4 mile of river bank. The normal ground,ater flow velocity towards the Columbia River is 15 feet per day,(-'i The height of the Pasco gravels were checiad in both Geologic 'ross Sections "L-L"(9) and "B-B" to determi.e the height of the gravel i

e layer belcw the groundwater elevaticn along the Columoia ?.!ver bank, Based on the known depth of the Pasc: ; ravels of 20 feet a-the Jersey Nuclear Site,(10) a conservative es:' Ste four feet at t s river bank j

was obtained.

i The dilution ficw of groundwater is :: servatively estica:sd as:

5220 ft.

le feet 4 feet x 7.4o callons x

x 4

day cu. ft.

or 592,000 gallons / day. With 15 gall:ns per day seepage, the ground,ater i

i dilution factor is 39,450. The chemical concentrations e-tering the Columbia River are given in Table I'l.

s TABLE I'/

CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS ENTECG COLUMSIA RI'/ER Concentration Concentration Entering Chemical After Soil Sor:-icn c/1 the ?.iver g/l l

NO 1291 (292 as N) 0.033 (0.C074 as N) 3 lx10-7 F

0.004 2x10~4 i

Na 8

S0.

472 0.012 lx10-16

2. 5x10-21 l

Al j

1x10-10 2.5x10-Zr lx10-6 2.5x10-U U

i a

I.

14 l

t

(

2

hemical Concentrations in the Columbia River l

The chemical concentrations will be further diluted / the volume' i

af the Cclumbia River.

Two aspects of this dilution ust be considered; 7

-he amount by the time that the chemicals reach the Ricnland '.later i

Plant intake (three miles downstream) and the point w.ere dilution by tne full river volume will occur.

i Eased u;;cn mean diffusion coefficients for rivers of equivalent l

t velocity to the Coluccia River, a dilution factor of 10 was obtained between tne point where the chemical waste enters the Columbia River

[

t and the :,ichland Water Plant intake.

Dilution by the full river flow (36,000 cubic feet /second minimum) will occur slight'./ beycnd the juncti:n of the Yakima and Columbia Rivers.

~

t The diluted chemical concentrations ar.d the Maximum :ermissible Concentrations in surface water (II) are given in Table V.

t.

TABLE V

\\

i CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN COLUMBIA RIVER i

Maximum I

Concentration Cor: centration Permi ssible Concentrs; ion At Richland Bel:w Junction Concentration Enterine River Water Plant Intake w/Yakima River in surface

}

Chemicai x 10-Jc71 x 10-3 a /l x 13-3 c/l Waters x10-3cf)

I NO 33 (7.4 as N) 3.3 (0.74 as N) 8x13-4(2x10-#

10 (as N) 3 as N) i 2.5 x 10-9 1.5 l

F 0.0001 0.00001 5.1 x 10-6 j

Na 0.2 0.02 3.1 x 10-4 250 I

SC.

12 1.2 2.5 x 10-I3 2.5 x 10-I9 6.2 x 10-23

. i Zr 2.5 x 10 2.5 x 10 6.4 x 10-I7 l

-12

-13 2.5 x 10-0 2.5 x 10-9 6.

x 10-13 5(Uranyl

[

l

(

U Icn) l i

t L

15 e

l 5.

Effects of Chemical Concentrati ns in the Columbia River Tne chenical concentrations Of :ne lagocn seepage are less than the r.

axinum permissiole concentrations even at the point where the t

f seepage enters the river.

Contrioutions of these chemicals in the l

Columbia River would be insignificant witn regard to potentially t

m significant pollutior..

i i

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4 16 REFEPENCE5

'.. Charles D. Hodgma, Handbook of Che-istry and Physics. 28tn Edition, Chemical 3,ubber Publisning,19 J.

1.

Robert C. '.least, Mand:cok of Cher.is:.* and Phvs1cs, ;_ c edition, Chemical Rubber Duolisning,1971.

,I.

8 3.

N. I. Sax, Dancercus Precerties of I-dustrial Materials, Rheinhold, 1963, p. 435.

t

[

1 T. Sollman Manual Pharmacci, Saunde-s, 1957, p. 181.

5.

A. Arnold and F. C. Gable, " Observe: ices on the Perl:nged Feeding l

To Rats of the Flour Maturing Agent, Armonium Persulfate," J. Nutrition 41: 459, 1950.

5.

Jersey Nuclear Coreany, "Apolicati:- Fcr Special Nuc'. ear Material License, Occket Number 70-1257," 19 ;, c. II-1.7.

t

~.

M. Pourbeix, Atlas cf Electrochemica". E:uilibria in 1:uecus Solution, Pergamon Press, 1956, pp. 170, 20, ar: 225.

i 5.

L. L. Ar.es, Anion Reciacement React :r.s for the Remc.al of Strontium From 6dteous soluticas, USAEC Recor: n-6o383, 1960.

3.

R. E. Brewn, The Geolocic and Seism:locic Character 4 stics of the

~

Jersev Nuclear Fueis site, Researcn Re: ort to the Jersey..uclear

[

Company, Batteile-Mcrtnwest, November 1970.

'3.

Geoloaical and Seismoloay Stucies, Frc:osed Mixed Oxide Fabrication

)

Facility, Report to Jersey Nuclear ^cmcany, Dames arc Moore, San l

Francisco, Cali fornia,1970, p.14.

s

' ajar Quality Criteria, Report of t:.e National Technical Advisory f

Ccomittee to tne Secretary of the :-terior, Federal.;ater Pollution 9'

Centrol Agency, 1968, pp. 20 and c

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