ML20214G458
| ML20214G458 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Framatome ANP Richland |
| Issue date: | 04/30/1987 |
| From: | Malody C SIEMENS POWER CORP. (FORMERLY SIEMENS NUCLEAR POWER |
| To: | Horn M NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY & SAFEGUARDS (NMSS) |
| References | |
| 28176, NUDOCS 8705270073 | |
| Download: ML20214G458 (78) | |
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RETURN IQ 39A-55 ADVANCEDNUCLEARFUELS CORPORATION 2101 HORN RAPIDS ROAD. Po BOX 130 R:CHLAND, WA 993524t30 CORPORATELICENSING (509) 375-8100 TELEX: 15-2878 April' 30, 1987
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9 REGES U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission d
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o ku 1.s.NUCLEjRco's.ss Attention: Ms. Merri Horn 99 Uranium Process Licensing Section N
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'(~ " f,MU Uranium Fuel Licensing Branch Washington, D.C.
20555 License No. SNM-1227 Docket No. 70-1257
Dear Ms. Horn:
This is in response to your request of April 6,1987 for additional environ-mental information. Enclosed are eight copies of the information requested.
The response to comment ll of the questions on the incinerator'is omitted from this response and will be forwarded in two weeks.,
Sincerely, fe's C. W. Malody, Man ~ r Corporate Ucensin CWM:jrs
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i RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS ADVANCED NUCLEAR FUELS CORPORATION DOCKET NO. 70-1257 Comment I Provide a current copy of the Waste Discharge Permit 3919 from the Washington State Department of Ecology.
Response
The current Waste Discharge Permit 3919 is Attachment #1. An application 'for renewal has been submitted.
Comment 2 Provide o copy of Wcshington State air quality limits that apply to ANF. Provide o copy of any discharge permits for gaseous effluents.
Response
The Washington State air quality limits are found in the Washington Administrative Codes and the pertinent limits are included in Attachment #2.
Chapters 18-Afs WAC and 173-475 WAC include the pertinent limits for fluoride and nitrogen dioxide, both of which can be emitted from some of our stocks in minor amounts from time to time.
It should be noted that we are not required by the standards '
to monitor these emissions and that they are both ambient air stondords and not stack emission standards.
Chapter 173-425 WAC limits open burning and we do have a Burning Permit (Attachment #3).
Chapters 173-400 WAC and 173-403 WAC contain regulations and limits which will pertain to the incinerator after startup. We have received a permit to construct and operate o combustible waste incinerator from the Air Pollution Control Aufnority (Attachment #4).
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a Comment 3 Provide the number of employees at ANF. Also provide employment figures for the area.
Response
There is on overage of 720 employees on-site, with an estimated maximum of 820.
The Richland Chamber of Commerce provided the following dato related to creo employment:
1986 62,500 employed 6,450 unemployed Estimate 1987 63,300 employed 6,100 unemployed Comment 4 l
What are the detection levels for the gaseous and liquid effluent analyses?
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Response
The laboratory detection levels are listed below.
Liquid Sample l
Gross alpha 5 pico curies / liter Gross beta 15 pico curies / liter i
U 0.1 ppm F
0.25 ppm NH3 0.1 ppm NO3 1.0 ppm Gas Samples U
Based on Reg. Guide 8.30, Appendix 0 ;> pical range 1.5 E-15 uCi/mi to 3.5 E-15 F (stock) 0.25 ppm NOx (stock) 1.0 ppm Comment 5 Are there any threatened or endangered species besides the bald eagle, known to be in the vicinity of the ANF site? If yes, please list them.
Response
Battelle Northwest Laboratories identified two endangered species which possed through or occurred in our area: the bald eagle and the peregrine falcon.
Two other birds, which are candidates for the endangered species list, nest in and use the area: the Long-Billed Curlew and Swainson's Hawk.
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Comment 6 Provide the 1986 effluent data.
Response
The 1986 effluent date has been provided as Attachment #5, and is an update to Appendix B of Supplement to Applicant's Environmental Report, XN-NF-14, Rev. O.
Comment 7 Provide details on any on-site incidents which resulted in off-site consequences during the present licensing period. If none, so state. Include events which caused air or water quality reportable violations.
Response
There have been no on-site incidents which resulted in off-site consequences. There have been no reportable violations related to air or water quality.
Comment 8 Discuss the potential for accidental release of UF6 to the environment and provide analysis of credible accidents and the potential impact.
Response
Cylinders of UF6 are only handled out-of-doors at UF6 temperatures below 1300F when the UF6 is solid.
All work with UF6 above 1300F is conducted inside the process building where any accidental escape of UF6 gas is contained by equipment designed for such containment. There are no credible accidents foreseen which could effect any significant impact on the environment. Attachment #6 contains a discussion of ANF equipment and handling procedures which lead us to the above conclusion.
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RESPONSE TO INCINERATOR QUESTIONS ADVANCED NUCLEAR FUELS CORPORATION DOCKET NO. 70-1257 Comment I What is the typical run time?
Response
The incinerator will be operated continuously five days per week with the inciner-ator left on low fire on the weekends, or allowed to cool for cleanout.
The unit will be shutdown, cooled, and cleaned out between processing campaigns, and when the uranium inventory in the system reaches a limiting value.
Campaigns will typically be three weeks for stored waste drums and one week for current. waste boxes.
Comment 2 What is the planned and maximum yearly throughput?
Response
The planned yearly throughput is 250 tons of waste. The maximum throughput is 375 tons of waste.
Comme'nt 3 Have any or will trial burns be conducted? If they have,_ provide the results.
Response
The incineration facility is in the construction phase. No trial burns have been conducted. Trial burns will be conducted even though they are not specifically required for the ANF facility.
Comment 4 Have you obtained the necessary permits from the State and/or EPA?
Response -
Yes.
Approval for construction and operation has been received from the Air Pollution Control Authority. This is the only permit required by-local or State authorities.
s Comment 5 How are the room air and process air exhausted to the atmosphere? You do not need to include the incinerator exhaust stream in this discussion. Will sampling be performed?
- Response All air exhausted from the SWUR facility will be passed through a final stage of HEPA filters which will be "in-place" tested to greater than 99.95 percent effi-ciency for 0.8 micron size particles.
All exhaust streams will be continuously sampled downstream of. the final HEPA fi!ter bank. These streams are exhausted to the atmosphere via stacks.
See Section 10.3.2 of the Application for License Renewal for a general description of the SWUR HVAC system.
Comment 6 Will any hazardous materials be burned? If yes, provide a list.
Response
Hazardous materials will not be processed through the incinerator.
Comment 7 What are the expected chemical and radiological emissions? Discuss their potential impact.
Response
License No. SNM-1227 limits emission from all ANF facilities to 50 micro-curies / quarter. The average emission from all facilities is normally less than 10 percent of the limit. With the incinerator operating at capacity, it is believed that future emissions will not vary f rom past norms.
Therefore, there is no impact expected from radiological emissions.
Chemical emissions are projected to be as follows:
lb/m hcl
<0.1 NO
<5 x
502
<0.01 These are at levels which are not of concern environmentally and were of no concern to the Air Pollution Control Authority. The halides could vary considerably with the amount of plastic in the feed stream at any one time.
Incinerator exhaust gas will be continuously sampled for halide content following off-gas treatment.
Comment 8 Will any flammable liquids be incinerated? If yes, include the possibility of a fire or explosion caused by the liquid in the accident scenarios.
Response
There are no plans to incinerate flammable liquids.
It is currently planned to incinerate dimethyl silicon and certain nonhazardous lubricating oils which are classified as slightly combustible.
Comment 9 Discuss the potential for PCB's or dioxin being produced during incineration.
Response
No dangerous or extremely hazardous wastes will be fed to incinerator. Operating conditions of the dual chamber controlled air incinerator.will be controlled to minimize formation and destroy any dioxin formed through incineration of PVC.
Additionally, the wet off-gas system would condense and remove trace quantities of dioxin formed during combustion.
Comment 10 Will continuous isokinetic sampling be provided on the exhaust stocks?
Response
Both the process exhaust and room exhaust stream will be isokinetically sampled following final filtration and prior to discharge.
Comment iI Discuss potential accident scenario and the potential impact.
Response
This response will be forwarded at a later date.
Comment 12 Will the cardboard boxes be used for storage? If yes, where will they be stored and how will they be protected from the environment?
Response
The incinerator will be operated on a campaign basis, alternating between stored waste drums and current waste boxes. The current waste boxes will be processed about once per month, which will necessitate storage of this material in an area protected from the environment. It is estimated that less than 200 boxes will be in storage between campaigns.
The storage area has not been selected, but the Zimmer warehouse and the contaminated material storage warehouse are under consideration.
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i Comment l3 How much additional liquid effluent is expected to be generated from use of the incinerator?
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Response
There will be two liquid waste streams generated from incinerator use: cooling tower blowdown and process off-gas scrub solution blowdown.
The cooling tower blowdown at design capacity will be approximately 0.5 gallons per minute and will be routed directly to the municipal sewer. The quantity of process off-gas scrub solution blowdown will be dependent on the polyvinyl chloride content in the incinerator feed and desired salt concentrations, but will typically be less than one gallon per minute.
This blowdown will be proportionately sampled, discharged to lagoon SA, end routed to the city sewer along with other process waste.
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ATTACHMENT #1 WASHINGTON STATE DISCHARGE PERMIT NO. 3919
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Pags 1 of 7-Parmit No.: 3919 Issuance Date:
May 27, 1982 Expiration Date: May 27, 1987 i
i-STATE'0F WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
-STATE WASTE DISCHARGE PERMIT
't In compliance with the provisions of Chapter 90.48 RCW as amended and Chapter
' 372-24 WAC:
Exxon Nuclear Company, Inc.
P.'O.' Box 130 Richland, Washington 99352 4
r Plant Location:
Receiving water: City of Richland Sanitary. Sewerage System 2101 Horn Rapids Rd.
l Richland, Washington Discharge Location:
Within SW 1/4, Sec. 15. T. 10 N., R. 28'E.W.M.
in Benton County 4
Industry Type:
Nuclear Reactor Waterway Segment No.:
26-00-02 Fuels Manufacturing is authorized to discharge in'accordance with the conditions which follow.
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a RussellK.. Taylor,Re'gifalManager DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY Central Regional Office. (8)
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e, Page 2 of 7 Permit No.: 3919 Sl. FINAL EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONI'IORING REyulm6 a.
Beginning on the date of issuance and lasting through the expira-tion date of this permit, the permittee is authorized to discharge cooling water, treated process wastewater and sanitary wastewater to the City of Richland sanitary sewer subject to the following limitations and monitoring requirements:
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS Parameter Daily Average Daily Maximum Flow 500,000 gal 500,000 gal NH as N 25 mg/l 30 g/l 3
m as N 600 lb/ day 700 lb/ day 3
Fluoride (as F) 2500 lb/ day 3500 lb/ day pH not less than 5.0 Total Suspended Solids 300 mg/l 600 mg/l
. N RING RByul m 6 Parameter Monitoring Frequency Incation Sample Tvpe Flow daily lift station meter NH as N daily lift station grab 3
3 daily lift station cmposite as N Fluoride (as F) daily lift station cmposite pH daily lift station grab Total Suspended Solids weekly lift station cmposite b.
Beginning on the date of issuance of this permit and lasting through the expiration date of this permit, the permittee is authorized to discharge process wastewater to lined storage /
evaporation lagoons subject to the following limitations and monitoring requirments:
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Page 3 of 7 Permit No.: 3919 Sl. FINAL EFFIDENT LIMITATIONS AND MONTIORING REQUIREMENIS, Continued EFFIUENT LIMITATIONS No contamination of groundwater MCNTIORING REQUIREMENTS Parameter bbnitoring Frequercy Iccation Sample Type Fluoride as F Quarterly Well Group B grab NO3 as N 1 per 6 months Well Group A grab E3 as N 1 per 6 months Well Group A grab pH 1 per 6 months Well Group A grab Presence of liquid Monthly Lagoon interliner sampling systen grab The daily average is defined as the average of the measured values obtained over a calendar nonth's time.
The daily maximum is defined as the greatest allowable value for any calendar day.
bbnitoring Well Group A is Wells 1, 2, 9, 13, 14, 15 and 16.
bbnitoring Well Group B is Wells 1-7, 11, 12, 13 and 19-21.
S2. F0NTIORING AND utwuxnrU The permittee shall monitor the operations and efficiency of all treatment and control facilities and the quantity and quality of the waste discharged.
A record of all such data shall be maintained. 'Ihe permittee shall :ronitor the parameters as specified in condition S1 of this permit.
a.
Reporting Monitoring results obtained during the previous month shall be sum-marized and reported on a form provided by the department, to be subnitted no later than the 15th day of the month following the coupleted reporting period. The report shall be sent to the Depart-ment of Ecology, 3601 West Washington, Yakima, Washington 98903.
b.
Records Retention The permittee shall retain for a minimum of three years all records of monitoring activities and results, include all reports of recordings fran continuous monitoring instrumentation. 'Ihis period of retention shall be extended during the course of any unresolved litigation regarding the discharge of pollutants by the permittee or when re-quested by the director.
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Pags-4 of 7 6
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Parmit No.:
3919 L
c.
Recording of-Results For each measurement or sample tAken,. the permittee shall record the following information:
(1) the date, exact place, and time of I
sampling; (2) the dates the analyses were performed; (3) who per-l formed the analyses; (4) the analytical techniques or methods used; and (5) the results of all analyses.
d.-
Representative Sampling Samples and measurements taken to meet the requirements of this condition shall be representativa of the volume and nature of the monitored discharge.
e.
Test Procedures All sampling and analytical methods used to meet the monitoring re-quirements specified in this permit shall, unless approved otherwise in writing by the department, conform to the Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants, contained in 40 CFR Part 136, as published in the Federal Register of December 1,1976, or latest revision thereof, which currently references the following publications:
1)
American Public Health' Association, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewaters.
2)
American Society for Testing and Materials, A.S.T.M. Standards, Part 31, Water, Atmospheric Analysis.
3)
Environmental Protection Agency, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes.
S3.
OTHE'R REQUIREMENTS a.
Solid Waste Disposal 1.
The permittee shall handle and dispose of all solid waste material in such a manner as to prevent-its entry into state ground or surf ace waters and in accordance with all state and federal requirements governing hazardous and radioactive waste materials.
2.
The permittee shall not permit leachate from its solid waste material to enter state surface waters without providing all known, available and reasonable methods of treatment, nor permit such leachate to cause any adverse ef fect on. state ground waters. The permittee shall apply for a permit or permit modification as may be required for such discharges, j
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3919 b.
National Pretreatment Standards The permittee shall meet the following requirements excerpted from 40 CFR 403.5 National Pretreatment Standards: prohibited discharges:
1.
Pollutants introduced into POTW's by any source of a nondomestic discharge shall not inhibit or interfere with the operation or performance of the works.
These general prohibitions apply to all such users of a POTW whether or not the user is subject to other National Pretreatment Standards or. any National, State, or local Pretreatment Requirements.
2.
The following pollutants may not be introduced into a POTW:
(a)
Pollutants which create a fire or explosion hazard in the POTW; (b)
P'ollutants which will cause corrosive structural damage to the POTW, but in no case discharges with pH lower than 5.0, unless the works is specifically designed to accommodate s
such discharges; (c) Solid or viscous pollutants in amounts which will cause obstruction to the flow in sewers, or other interference with the operation of the POTW; (d) Any pollutant, including oxygen demanding pollutants (BOD, etc.), released in a discharge of such volume or strength as to cause interference in the POTW; (e) Heat in amounts which will inhibit. biological activity in the POTW resulting in interference but in no case heat in such quantities that the temperature at the treatment works influent exceeds 40k C (104k F) unless the works is designed to accommodate such heat.
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c.
All requirements and ordinances of the City of Richland pertaining to discharge of wastes into the city of Richland sanitary sewage system are hereby made a condition of this pennit.
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.Paga6 of 7 Parmit No.
3919 1
GENERAL CONDITIONS I
Gl.
All discharges and activities authorized herein shall be consistent with the terms and canditions of this permit. The discharge of any pollutant 3
more frequently than or at a level in excess of that identified and autho-i rized by this permit shall constitute a violation of the terms and condi-tions of this permit.
I G2.
Whenever a facility expansion, production increase, or process modifica-tion is anticipated'which will result in a new or increased discharge, or which will cause any of the conditions of this permit to be exceeded, a j
i new application must be submitted together with the necessary reports i
and engineering plans for the proposed changes. No change shall be made' until-plans have been approved and a new permit or permit modification
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has been issued.
i-G3.
The' diversion-or bypass of any discharge from facilities utilized'by-the l
permittee to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit is prohibited, except (a) where unavoidable to prevent loss of life or severe property damage, or - (b) where excessive storm drainage or run-off would damage any facilities necessary for compliance with the terms i
and conditions of this permit. The permittee shall immediately notify j
the Department in writing of each such diversion or bypass in accordance 4
with the procedure specified in Condition G4.
G4.
In the event the permittee is unable to comply with any of the conditions of this permit because of a breakdown of equipment or facilities, an acci-dent caused by human error'or negligence, or any other cause..such as an i
act of nature, the permittee shall:
a.
Immediately take action to stop, centain, and clean up the unauthori-3 zed discharges and correct the problem.
i b.
Immediately notify the Department so that an investigation can be l
made to evaluate the impact and the corrective actions taken and.
j determine additional action that must be taken.
c.
Submit.a detailed written report to the Department describing the breakdown, the actual quantity and quality of resulting waste dis-charges, corrective action taken, steps taken to prevent a recurrence, and any other pertinent.information.
Compliance with these requirements does not relieve the permittee from responsibility to maintain continuous compliance with the conditions of this permit or the resulting liability for failure to comply.
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PJg3 7 of 7 Permit No. 3919 GS.
The permittee shall at all times maintain in good working order and effi-ciently operate all treatment or control facilities or systems installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance with the terms and con-ditions of this permit.
G6.
After notice and opportunity for a hearing this permit may be modified, suspended or revoked in whole or in part during its term for cause in-cluding but not limited to the following:
a.
Violation of any terms or conditions of this pernit; b.
-Obtaining 'this permit by misrepresentation or failure to disclose fully all relevant facts; c.
A change in the condition of the receiving waters or any other con-dition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the. authorized discharge.
C7.
The permittee shall, at all reasonable times, allow authorized represent-atives of the Department:
To enter upon the permittee's premises for the purpose of inspecting a.
and investigating conditions relating to the pollution of, or possible pollution of, any of the waters of the state, or for the purpose of investigating compliance with any of the terms of this permit; b.
To have access to and copy any records required to be kept under the terms and conditions of this permit; c.
To inspect any monitoring equipment or monitoring method required by this permit; or d.
To sample any discharge of pollutants.
G8.
If a toxic effluent standard or prohibition (including any schedule of compliance specified in such effluent standard or prohibition) is esta-blished under Section 307(a) of the Federal Act for a toxic pollutant which is present in the discharge authorized herein and such standard or prohibition is more stringent than any limitation upon such pollu-tant in this permit, this permit shall be revised or modified in accor-dance with the toxic effluent standard or prohibition and the permittee shall be notified.
Section 307(a) requires that the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall promulgate effluent standards (or prohibition) for toxic pollutants which he has listed as such.
C9.
Nothing in this permit shall be construed as excusing the permittee from compliance with any applicable Federal, State, or local statutes, ordi-nances, or regulations.
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ATTACHMENT #2 WASHINGTON STATE CODE RELATED TO AIR QUALITY LIMITS l
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M 0652 STATE AIR LAWB ments of the Air Pollution Control Association (APM -
Chapter 18 48 WAC 1, Revision 1), J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 16:372, 1966.
Fluorides (3) J. S. Nader, Dust Retention Efficiencies of (Adopted January 5,1971)
Dustfall Collectors, J. Air Po!!ution Control Assoc. 8:35, 1958.
(4) H. P. Sanderson; P. Bradt; M. Katz, A Study of WA C 18-48-080. PREAMBLE. In the interest of the Dustfall on the Basis of Replicated Latin Square Ar-people of the State of Washington,it is the objective of the rangenients of Various Types of Collectors, J. Air Poll.
state Department of Ecology to obtain and maintain Control Assoc. 10:461, 1963.
the cleanest air possible, consistent with the highest and (5) J. Stockham; S. Radner; E. Grove, The Variability best practicable control technology.
of Dustfall Analysis Due to the Container and the Col-In areas where existing concentrations are lower than lecting Fluid, J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 16:263, 1966.
concentrations allowed by the standards enumerated below, (6) S. Hochheiser, Determination of Dustfall, Ap-degradation of the atmosphere should be minimized. The proved by the Interbranch Chemical Advisory Commit-highest and best practicable control technology should be tee, March,1967.
applied to all sources emitting fluorides to the atmosphere unless it is determined by the responsible air pollution N" I control agency that application of lesser technology is Suggested Design justified. Air quality standards should not be construed to for encourage degradation of existing air quality.
Particle Fallout Collection l:
- l WA C 18-48 090. POLICY LIMITATIONS. The stand-s-
ards set forth within these regulations are intended to T protect livestock and vegetation. All sampling to measure
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compliance with said standards will be conducted in areas and during time periods appropriate to protect vegetation and livestock.
WAC 18 48-100. DEFINITIONS. (1) Forage-Grass-es pasture and other vegetation that is consum~ed or is intended to be consumed by livestock.
(2) Cured Forage - Ilay, straw, ensilage that is consumed or is intended to be consumed by livestock.
(3) Ambient Air - The surrounding outside air.
(4) Ambient Air Quality Standard - An established concentration, exposure time and frequency of occurrence of a contaminant or multiple contaminants in the ambient air _which shall not be exceeded.
(5) Standard conditions - Sixty (60) degrees Fahrenheit and fourteen and seven-tenths (14.7) pounds per square inch absolute.
WA C 18-48./10. INTENT OF REGULATIONS. Two standards are established by these rules. One shall be for the fluoride content of forage and the other for gaseous J 1 fluorides in the ambient air. No person shall cause, let,
.a permit, or allow any emission of elemental or chemically combined fluorine, which either alone or in combination with other fluorides that may be present in forage or the vien ei..iic se, c.,
ambient air, to be in excess of the standards in WAC mid ** tak-Pra' lg.48-120 and 18-48130.
WAC 18-48-lM FORAGE STANDARM. (1) The Jho.
nde content of forage calculated by dry weight shall not exceed:
Chapter 18 46 WAC Photochemical Oxidant - Hydrocarbons (a) Forty parts per million fluoride ion (40 ppm F')
- Nitrogen Dioxide amage for any twelve (12) consecutive months.
(b) Sixty parts per nullion fluonde ion (60 ppm F) each (Repealed February 27, 1980) month for more than two (2) consecutive months.
Environment Reporter its I
a S.5 t 5 CASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATl!NS ti41:0553 (c) Eighty parts per million fluoride ion (80 ppm F1 (4) Sampling and analysis shall be in accordance with more than once in any two (2) consecutive months.
techniques approved by, and on file with the department
[mj (2) In areas where cattle are not grazed continually,but of ecology. Other sampling and methods which are equi-
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are fed cured forage part of the year, the fluoride content valent in accuracy, sensitivity, reproducibility and ap-of the cured forage shall be used as the forage fluoride plicability under similar conditions may be used after ap-content for as many months as it is fed to estab!ish the proval by the department.
yearly average.
(3) Cured forage grown for sale as livestock feed shall not WAC 18-48-900 Appendix I-Methods of collec-exceed forty parts per million fluoride ion (40 ppm F~)bY tion and analysis for fluorides in forage and ambient air.
dry weight after curing or preparing for sale.
WAC 1848-/30. AMBIENT AIR STANDARDS. Gase-METHODS OF COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FOR FLUORIDES IN FORAGE AND AMBIENT AIR.
ous fluorides in the ambient air calculated as HF at standard conditions shall not exceed:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (1) Three and seven. tenths micrograms per cubic meter (3.7 micrograms per cubic meter) aversge for any twelve DISCUSSION (12) consecutive hours; SAMPLING METHODS (2) Two and nine. tenths micrograms per cubic meter (2.9 micrograms per cubic meter) average for any twenty-Ambient Air Sampling four (24) consecutive hours; Forage Sampling (3) One and seven-tenths micrograms per cubic meter (1.7 micrograms per cubic meter) average for any seven (7)
ANALYSIS METHODS (4
ty four one hundredths micrograms per cubic b ent A r meter (0.84 micrograms per cubic meter) average for any thirty (30) consecutive days; Forage and Particulate Matter (total or wa-(S) Five. tenths micrograms per cubic meter (0.5 micro-ter insoluble) grams per cubic meter) average for the period March 1 S
P di for DinilWim through October 31 of any year.
is latio uoride (Willard-Winter WAC 1848-140. COMPLIANCE WITH STAND-D I i
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ARDS. When requested by the director of the depart-Q ment of ecology, persons emitting fluorides to the at-Determination of Fluoride, Forage mosphere shall be required to establish their compliance Distillate with WAC 18-48120 and 18-48-130 by conducting a Determination of Fluoride, Particulate monitoring program approved in writing by the director hiatter Distillate of the department of ecology and submitting all data obtained to the director.
REFERENCES WAC 18-48-150. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS. (1)
FIGURE 1 Forage samples shall be taken once each calendar month at intervals of twenty-five (25) to tnarty. live (35) days, to determine compliance with WAC 18-48-120.
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR FLUORIDE IN (2) Gaseous fluoride shall be sampled according to the AMBIENT AIR AND FORAGE.
approved monitoring program, using the sodium bicarbon.
ate tube method.
DISCUSSION.These methods are adapted, with modifi.
(3) Samples shall be analyzed by the Technicon Auto cation, from procedures which have been used success-Analyzer or the Modified Willard. Winter Distillation fully by industry and government laboratories.
Method. The Orion probc nay be used to analyze the
[ References](1, 2, 7,10) gaseous ambient air sample when the fluoride is in soluble Gaseous fluoride is absorbed from an air sample by form.
passing the air across a film of sodium bicarbonate on O[]
M 80 Put*shed by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC. WASHINGTON. O C 20o37 tis
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s-70s WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REIULATIONS 541:0623 petition the superior court of the county in which a source
. (a) To determine highest concentrations expected is located for a temporary restraining order for the im-to occur:
g mediate reduction or discontinuance of emissions from (b) To determine representative concentrations in that source, areas of high population density:
. c) To determine the impact on ambient air, pollu-(
WAC 173-435 070 SAMPl.ING Sill S. I Ol'IP.
tion levels of significant sources or source categories; and MENT, AND MET 110DS. (1) Data from all stations
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I shall be considered when determining episode conditions.
The department shall specify particulate monitoring (6) "Special purpose monitoring stations (SPMS)"
stations to be operated continuously during any episode means monitoring stations operated by state and local stage for, episode management purposes. Stations from air pollution control agencies to supplement the SLAMS
.which episode declarations are based must be located in network in order to increase the overall effectiveness of such a manner that the area represented by that station the state's monitoring efforts.
and the sources contributing to the episode condition can WAC 173-475 030 AIR QUALITY STANDARDS.
reasonably be determined and corrective actions taken.
(2) Sampling and analysis will be done by federal (1) Carbon monoxide in the ambient air as measured at a SPMS designated by the department for the pur-t reference or federal equivalent methods: except the Pose of determining comphance with air quality stand-department may approve other sampling and analysis ards, or at any NAMS or SLAMS, shall not exceed the a
methods for particulate if. reasonable site specific fo ow va equivalency with the federal reference method has been
)
a per million (ten milligrams per cubic demonstrated. This equivalency must be reestablished meter) eight hour average concentration not to be ex-bimiaHy.
ceeded more than once per year at any location where 4
pe pie w uld be exposed to such concentrations for eight Chapter 173-475 c nsecutive hours or more. Compliance shall be based on Ambient Air Quality Standards for data that begins and ends on a clock hour. There shall i
Carbon Monoxide, Orome, and be no overlapping of hours in any violation period. A Nitrogen Dioxide maximum f three violations can occur in any one day.
(Adopted February 27, 1900)
(b) Thirty-five parts per million (forty milh, grams 3
WAC 173-475-010 PURPOSE. These rules imple.
per cubic meter) one-hour average concentration not to ment chapter 70.94 RCW, the Washington State Clean be exceeded more than once per year at any location j
Air Act, and chapter 163, Laws of 19791st ex. sess. The where people would be exposed to such concentrations 4
purpose of this chapter is to set statewide air quality for one hour or more. Comphance shall be determined i
standards for carbon monoxide, ozone, and nitrogen from data that begins on a clock hour.
i dioxide.
(2) Ozone in the ambient air as measured at a i
SPMS designated by the department for the purpose of l
l WAC 173-475-020 DEFINITIONS. (1) " Air determining compliance with this air quality standard, quahty standard" means an established concentration, or at any NAMS or SLAMS, shall not exceed 0.12 parts exposure time, or frequency of occurrence of a contami-per million (two-hundred and thirty-five milligrams nant or multiple contaminants in the ambient air which per cubic meter) hourly concentration on more than 1.0 shall not be. exceeded.
days per calendar year as determined under the follow-j
, (2) " Ambient air" means the surrounding outside ing conditions:
(a) Three calendar years of data shall be used in de-air.
(3) " Department" means the state department of termining compliance with this standard. If three years
- ecology, of data are not available, a minimum of one calendar (4) " National air monitoring stations (NAMS)"
year must be used; means fixed monitoring stations operated by the state (b) All hourly measurements must start on the clock and local air pollution control agencies to meet national hour;and monitoring objectives. The stations are a subset of the (c) All daily maximum hourly averages not available SLAMS network and are sited with emphasis on urban for a year shall be accounted for by use of the following and multi-source areas.
equation:
)
(5) " State and local air monitoring stations e = v + v/n (N-n-z)
(SLAMS)" means stations designed to meet any of e = the estimated number of potential times the al-q four basic monitoring objectives:
lowed concentrations are exceeded for the year, j
l i
a i
7-27-a4 Puilliehed ty rHE auMEAU OF NAT ONAL AFFAIRS INC Weenington. O C. 20037 107 i
h j
m.
_ __ _ _,,. _ ~ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _. _ _
O, e
541:0624 STATE AIR LAWS N = the number of required monitoring days in the inafter used in this chapter, shall have the following
- year, meanings:
n = the number of days that valid data were available.
(1) " Bottom loading" means the filling of a tank v = the number of days that readings have exceeded through a submerged fill line.
compliance level.
(2) " Bulk gasoline plant" means a gasoline storage z = the number of days that cadings are assumed to and transfer facility that receives more than ninety be less than the level of the standard. If a day should be percent ofits annual gasoline throughput by transport included is based on whether the daily maximum one-tank, and reloads gasoline into transport tanks.
hour reading on both the preceding day and the follow-(3) " Class II hardboard paneling finish" means fin-ing day do not exceed 0.09 ppm ozone.
ishes which meet the specifications of Voluntary Prod-(3) Nitrogen dioxide. The annual arithmetic mean uct Standard PS-56 73 as approved by the American of nitrogen dioxide readings in the ambient air measured National Standards Institute.
at a SPMS designated by the department for the purpose (4) " Closed refinery system" means a system that of determining compliance with this air quality standard, will process or dispose of those VOC collected from or at any NAh!S or SLAMS, shall not exceed 0.05 another system. The mass quantity of collected VOC parts per million (one hundred micrograms per cubic emitted to the ambient air from the closed refinery meter).
system shall by comparison not exceed that required WA C 173-475-040 MEASUREMENT METHODS.
for a disposal system.
Measurements for determining compliance with WAC (5) " Condensate." means hydrocarbon liquid sepa-173-475-030 shall be made by equipment and proce.
rated from natural gas which condenses due to changes dures approved by and on file with the department. All in the temperature or pressure and remams hquid at methods and procedures shall be available to the public standard conditions.
upon request.
(6) " Condenser" means a device for cooling a gas WAC /73-475-050 REPORTING OF DATA. Local stream to a temperature w here specific volatile organic and regional air pollution control agencies shall notify compounds become hquid and are removed.
the department of all occurrences which exceed the ap-(7) " Control system" means one or more control plicable standards for carbon monoxide, ozone, or nitro-devices, meluding condensers, that are designed and gen dioxide. Notification shall be made quarterly and operated to reduce the quantity of VOC emitted to,the shall include:
atmosphere.
(a) Location of monitoring sites by address and (8) " Crude oil" means a naturally occurring mixture UTM coordinates; which consists of hydrocarbons and sulfur, nitrogen or (b) Date and time of each violation; oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons which is a liquid (c) Concentrations recorded; and at standard conditions.
(d) Method of sampling used.
(9) " Cutback asphalt" means an asphalt that has been blended with petroleum distillates to reduce the viscosity for ease of handling and lower application Chapter 173-490 Emission Standards and Controls for Sources temperature. An inverted emulsified asphalt shall be considered a cutback asphalt when the continuous Emitting Volatile Organle Compounds phase of the emulsion is a cutback asphalt.
(Adopted April 27,1979: Amended July 28, 1980; (10) " Demonstrate" means a presentation of the December 17,1980); July 27,1982) necessary data and calculations to support the required WAC 173-490-0/0 PURPOSE. The purpose of this conclusion. The material is recorded for each event chapter is to establish controi requirements for sources and made a part of air quality records or reports enutting volatile organic compounds.
required by the state.
(11) " Disposal system" means a process or device WAC 173-490-020 DEFINITIONS. The specific def.
that reduces the mass quantity of the VOC that would ini'. ions of terms contained in chapter 173-400 WAC are have been emitted to the ambient air by at least ninety by this reference incorporated into this chapter, and all percent prior to their actual emission.
words and phrases there defined shall, when used in (12) " Dry cleaning facility" means a facility engaged this chapter, carry the meanings set ferth in chapter in the cleaning of fabrics in an essentially nonagueous 173 400 WAC. Unless a different meaning is indicated solvent by means of one or more washes in solvent, by context, the following words and phrases, as here.
extraction of excess solvent by spinning.and drying by O
Envronment Reporter 108
p 541:0614 STATE AIR LAWS contributing area and returning to the emission contribut-air act, authorizes the department of ecology to imple-ing area within six months after the registration renewal ment the provisions of that act. This rule establishes date may postpone the emission testing requirements controls for opening burning in the state in order to:
provided the registered owner / agent provides a signed (1) Minimize the impact of emissions from open exemption statement which includes:
burning:
(i) The registered owner's name and address.
(2) Establish rules and procedures by which open (ii) The vehicle license number.
burning may be conducted:
(iii) A statement that the vehicle will not be returning (3) Encourage the development and specify the use to the emission contributing area prior to the registration of alternate methods of disposal of combustible waste renewal date.
materials.
(iv) A statement that within thirty days of returning WAC 173 425 020 APPLIC ABILITY. This chapter to the emission contributing area the vehicle will be applies to open burning in all of the state, except to:
tested and a valid certificate of compliance or a certifi-(1) Burning of field and turf grasses grown for seed cate of acceptance will be obtained and forwarded to the (governed by chapter 173-430 WAC).
department.
(2) Open burning within the boundaries of any acti-(v) The date of departure from the emission contribut.
vated air pollution control authority, where that au-ing area.
thority is enforcing its own controls for open burning.
(vi) The anticipated date of return to the emission These contro!s shall not be less stringent than the contributing area.
requirements in this chapter.
(11) Vehic!cs registered with the state but not for
. (3) Open burning for activities subject to the permit issumg uthonty of the department of natural re-highway use.
s Mces. as S en in p MM h
(12) Used vehic!cs which are offered for sale by a motor vehicle dealer, as defined in RCW 46.70.011. that WAC 173-425-030 DEFINITIONS. (1) Agricultural is licensed pursuant to chapter 46.70 RCW.
open burning: Open burning conducted as part of any (13) Motor vehicles fueled exclusively by propane, agricultural operation; but not including yard and compressed natural gas, or liquid petroleum gas.
gardening activities connected with a residence.
(2) Commercial open burning Open burning con.
WAC 173-422-175 FRAUDULENT EXEM P-ducted as part of any commercial or busmess opera-TIONS. (1) Obtaining or attempting to obtain an ex-tion, mcluding land clearing when the land is cleared emption from emission inspection requirements by false t change the use of the cleared land. Commeretas statements, or failure to comply with the exemption Pen burning does not melude agricultural open burn-procedures established to implement WAC 173-422 170.
mg-shall be construed as a violation of these rules imple, (3) Department: The department et, ecology.
menting chapter 70.94 RCW as supplemented by chap-(4) Director: The director of the department of ter 70.120 RCW.
ec I gy, r his authorized representatne.
(2) Any person who commits such violation or who (5) Episode: A period when a forecast, alert, wQrn-aids or abets another in committing the same shall be ing or emergency air pollution stage is declared, as subject to a civil penalty not to exceed two hundred fifty given in RCW 70.94.415.
dollars for each violation.
m) Land clearing: Removing structures. trees shiuh.
(3) Any cml. penalty imposed by the department bery, or other natural vegetation from a plot of land.
hereunder shall be appealable to the pollution control (7) No burn area: An area designated by the depart-board as provided for m chapter 43.2B RCW.
ment as an area exceeding or threatening' to exceed a WAC 173-422-180 AIR QUALITY STANDARDS.
state ambient air quality standard.
The air quality standards set forth in chapter 173-415 (8) Open burning: The combustion of material in an WAC are the air quality standards applicable to the open tire or in an outdoor container, without providing estbalishment of noncompliance areas pursuant to this for the control of combustion or the control of the chapter.
emissions from the combustion.
Chapter 173-425 (9) Person: An individual. firm. public or private Open Burning corporation. :.ssociation, partnership, political sub-division, municipality, government agency.
( Adopted October 24, 1977)
(10) Small lire: A tire not more than four feet in WA C 173-425-010 PURPOSE. This rule, promulgated diameter or more than three feet high.
under chapter 70.94 RCW. the Washington state clean (11) Silvicultural operation: The growing of trees for O
Envvonrnent Reporter 93 t
m._ _ __
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._.. _ = -
S-704 WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 541:0615 commercial or recreational use. including preparing any schedule given in any comprehensive solid waste the land, planting. growing, and harvesting of trees.
management plan approved by the department shall be g
j, (12) Wood waste residue: Residue of a natural char-considered compliance with this chapter. For any solid (4
acter such as trees, stumps. shrubbery, or other natural waste disposal site not subject to an approved plan, the vegetation arising from land clearing projects (RCW department may authorize up to six months for a cor-70.94.750(2)).
rective program. If more time is needed, and no com-prehensive solid waste - management plan has been
. WAC 173-425-035 EPISODES. (1) No open fire adopted covering a solid waste disposal site. a compli-shall be,gmted during any stage of an episode.
ance schedule for meeting the requirements of this 4
i
,. 2) Any person responsible for an open fire already chapter will be adopted by the depanment for the site.
(
L_
- (
ignited when any stage of an episode is declared shall extinguish that fire when informed that an episode has WAC 173-425 065 RESIDENTIAL OPEN BURN-been declared. Open fires conducted under the aus.
ING. (1) No open fire shall be allowed on the premises pices of the department of natural resources for the of any residence:
purpose of burning - forest slash pursuant to RCW (a) Within a no burn area designated in WAC 173-L 70.94.660 through 70.94.700 are to be extinguished by 425-095:
withholding new fuel and allowing the fire to burn down.
(b) During any stage of an episode (see WAC 173-425-035)-
WAC 173-425 045 PROHIBITED MATERIALS.
(c) If the fire contains prohibited materials, as given Except as provided in WAC 173-425-055, the following in WAC 173-425-045:
materials shall not be burned in any open fire:
(d) If the tire contains any material other than
,5 (1) Garbage-wood, paper, and natural vegetation: or (2) Dead ammals:
(e) If the fire is larger than a small fire.
O) Asphaltic products:
The premises of a residence include the real property l
(4) Waste petroleum products; immediately adjacent to the ~ residence which is owned 4
(5) Paints; by the same person who owns the residence. and which i
(6) Rubber products; s not devoted to agricultural use. other than yard and (7) Plastics:
gardening activities connected with the residence.
(8) Any substance. other than natural, vegetation.
(2) Small tires on the premises of a residence may be which normally emits dense smoke or obnoxious odors.
allowed to dispose of wood, paper, and natural vegeta-WA C 173-425-055 EXCEPTIONS. Exceptions to this tion, if:
chapter shall be made only as follows:
(a) None of the provisions of WAC 173-425-065(1)
(1) When ordered by a duly authorized health officer are violated:
and wh:n authorized by the department. diseased ani.
(b) Such fires do not violate any regulations of. a a
mais and other infested material may be burned. as local order to prevert or abate nuisances or any local required, to keep the infestation from spreading.
county or city ordinance or resolution pertaining to a (2) When ordered by a ti e protection agency and nuisance; and when authorized by the depanment fires to dispose of (c) Reasonable precautions are taken to prevent par-materials presenting a danger to life, property or ticulate emissions when paper is being burned.
public welfare may be burned, if no approved practical WAC 173 425-075 COMMERCIAL OPc;N -BURN-alternate method of disposal tr available.
- ING. (1) No permit shall be issued for commercial
, 0) When approved by the department. fires author-open burning, and commercial open burning shall not ized by a tire protection agency as necessary for train-be conducted:
ing may be burned.
(a) Within a no burn area des.ignated.in WAC 173-(4) When approved by the department fires set as 425-095:
part of a defined research project may be burned.
(5) The following fires may be burned,if they do not (b)-During any stage of an episode (see WAC 173-
[
contain prohibited materials. as provided in WAC 173 425-035):
U 425-045:
(c) If the burning contains prohibited materials, as (a) Fires set for recreational, religious ceremony, provided in WAC 173-425 045: or food preparation or social purposes:
(d) Where a practical alternate method of disposal (b) Sinall fires set for hand. warming purposes.
listed in WAC 173-425-115(2), is reasonably available.
i.
(6) At any solid waste disposal site. compliance with (2) No commercial open burning shall be conducted y
!~
I i
7-27-a4 puteen a in THE oORsAU OF NArlONAL AFFA AS INC Wattungeon. O C. 20037 88 i
1 y
,a 541:0616 STATE AIR LAWS without authorization from the department. Open (e) The burning is necessary to develop physiological burning shall be authorized only if:
conditions conducive to increased crop yield, and other (a) The applicant shows that no approved practical measures are not available.
alternate method of disposal is reasonably available:
In making a determination under WAC 173-425-085 and (2)(d) or (e), the department will consult the county (b) The applicant shows that burning, as requested.
extension agent.
is reasonably necessary to successfully carry out the O) Agricultural opening burning may be conducted enterprise the applicant is engaged in; and without a permit if:
(e) The burning will not violate any regulations of a (a) None of WAC 173-425-085 (1) would be violated local hre protection agency authorized to issue burning by the burning:
permits. to prevent or abate nuisances, or any local county or city ordinance or resolution pertaining to a (b) The burmng will not violate any regulations of a nuisance.
I cal fire protection agency authorized to issue burning
- 0) Considering population concentration and local Permits to prevent or abate nuisances, or any local or conditions affecting air quality, the department shall city ordinance or resolution pertaimng to a nuisance; and condition perrnits issued under this chapter. Permits (e) The fire cosers one acre or less and the burning shall be conditioned to mimmize air pollution as much is done to destrov obnoxious weeds or crop residue as practical but are not limited to restricting the per-7
-ditches. or in cultivated tields.
missible hours of burning. restricting the size of fires.
imposing requirements for good combustion practice, (4) Considering population concentration and local restricting burning to specified wind conditions.
conditions affecting air quality, the department shall condition permits issued under this chapter Permits WAC 173-425 085 AGRICULTURAL OPEN BURN shall be conditioned to minimize air pollution as much ING. (1) No permit shall be issued for agricultural as practical. Conditions may include but are not lim-open burning, and agricultural open burning shall not ited to restricting the permissible hours of burning, be corducted:
restricting the size of fires imposing requirements for
.(a) Within a no burn area designated in WAC 173-good combustion practice, restricting burning to speci-425-095:
tied *ind conditions.
(b) During any stage of an episode (see WAC 173-WAC 173 425 095 NO BURN AREA DESIGNA-425 035):
TION. (1) The department'shall designate as no burn (c) If the burning contains prohibited materials.
areas those geographic areas whue ambient air quality described in WAC 173 425-045: or standards for suspended particulates. set forth in WAC (d) If the burning contains any material other than 18 40 030. are being exceeded or are threatened to be natural segetation and wood wastes generated on the exceeded. These designations shall be based on moni-property, which is the burning site, or transported to toring data gathered at primary air mass stations.
the burning site by wind or water.
(2) The department shall not designate "no burn" (2) Except as proided in WAC 173 425-0850), agri-areas within the boundaries of any adivated air pollu.
cultural open burning shall not be conducted without a tion control authority. unless data exist to support that permit from the department. Permits shall be issued designation and the authority, after being notitied, re-only if:
fuses to make such a designation.
(a) None of WAC 173-425-085(1) would be violated by (3) The designation of any area as a "no burn" area the burning; by the department shall be made by rule-making pro.
(b) The applicant shows that burning, as requested, cedure and only after public hearing.
is reasonably necessary to successfully carry out the (4) Open burning shall not be conducted in any enterprise the applicant is engaged in; designated "no burn" area.
(c) The burning will not violate any regulations of a WAC 171425-100 DELEGATION OF AGRICUL-local fire protection agency authorized to issue burning TURAL OPEN BURNING PROGRAM. (1) When the permits to prevent or abate nuisances. or any local department finds that any county, which is outside the county or city ordinance or resolution pertaining to a jurisdictional boundaries of an ' activated air pollution
~
nuisance; and.
control authority, is capable of administering the per-(d) The burning is necessary to control disease or mit program of WAC 173-425-085 and desires to do i
insect infestation, and other measures are not avail-so, the department may delegate the administration of able: or the program to the county.
1 l
O Envronment Reporter 100
4 S-704 WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 541:0617 l
(2) This delegation may be withdrawn if the depart-trolled by the owner or operator of the source in sufli-l ment finds that the county is not effectively administer-cient quantity to interfere unreasonably with using and
/
ing the permit program. Before withdrawing delega-enjoying the property where the material was depos-1
\\
/
tion, the department shall give the county a chance to ited. (WAC 173-400-040(2)).
correct permit program deficiencies.
(c) No person shall cause or permit the emission of WAC 173-425115 LIMITED OUTDOOR BURN-any air contaminant or water vapor from any source.
ING. (1) To further the policies of this chapter and including any air contaminant whose emission is not 1
policies expressed in RCW 70.94.745. the department otherwise prohibited by this regulation, if the air con-has determined. that alternate technology and methods taminant or water vapor harms the health, safety, or exist for dispcsing of wood waste residue resulting welfare of any person or damages property or business.
from highway right of way land clearmg projects or (WAC 173-400-040(5)).
commercial land clearing projects which generate five (4) Using alternates listed in WAC 173 425-115(2) is hundred or-more tons of wood waste residue (two reasonably economical for the projects described in thousand or more cubic yards). Further. these methods WAC 173-425-115(3) when the alternates can be pro-and technology are considered less harmful to the en-vided without delav in the project which will create an vironment than open burning. These alternates are also economic or other hardship, and without costing more
~
reasonably economical when the cost of disposal is nine than nine hundred dollars per acre.
hundred dollars or less per acre.
(2) These alternate m If the requirement to use an alternate will cause a (a) Chippmg. with ch,ethods and technology are:delay of sixty days or more in completing a project.
ips disposed of commercially or by on-site dispersal, haul to landfill, burning in an then the alternate will not be required. Any delay short-approved way, or other approved methods. as may be er than sixty days will be evaluated on a case by-case basis.
available.
(b) llauling for disposal elsewhere. such as landfill, if the cost of disposing of the wood waste resiilue is commercial use. or other approved methods, as may be greater than nine hundred dollars per acre. then the available.
alternate will not be required. The cost of clearmg and (c) On-site disposal in landfill.
grubbing will not be considered as part of the cost of (d) On or off site disposal by a waste combustion disposal, unless certain additional costs are required to method capable of complying who ira emission stan.
use the alternate. such as the cost of building a road dards set forth in WAC 173-425-ilhi).
whkh would not otherwise be required.
O) As a result of the determination made in WAC (5) Using an alternate must comply with all other O
f 173 425-115(1) for disposing of wood waste residue that applicable statutes. regulations, ordinances. and/or i
results from highway right of way land clearing proj.
resolutions of state or local government entities. These ects which generate five hundred or more tons of wood include noise regulations, solid waste regulations. and waste residue (two thousand or more cubic yards) or those requirements of local air pollution control au-from commercial land clearing projects which generate thorities which are more stringent than those of the five hundred or more tons of wood waste residue (two department.
thousand or more cubic yards):
(6) The requirements for owner or operator of the (a) Wo person shall cause or permit the emission, for source to comply with WAC 173-425-il50)(a) may be more than three minutes in any one hour, of an air waived. Open burning may then be authorized by the contaminant from any disposal method covered by -
department or air pilution control authority. as ap-WAC 173 425-115 which, at the emission point or propriate, if the. owner or operator of the source shows, within a reasonable distance from the emission point, to the department or air pollution control authority, exceeds twenty percent opacity. except as follows:
that:
(i) The emission may exceed twenty percent opacity (a) A delay will result from using the alternates, for the first fifteen minutes after a startup, for not more causing an economic or other hardship:
than two startups every twenty four hours.
(b) Other legal requirements may be violated:
(ii) When the person responsible for the source can (c) A bid cannot be obtained for disposal using an show that the emission over twenty percent opacity will alternate described in WAC 173-425-115. at a cost of not exceed fifteen minutes in any eight consecutive nine hundred dollars per acre or less; or hours after startup.
(d) The wood waste residue to be disposed of from (b) No person shall cause or permit the emission of the land clearing project is less than five hundred tons particulate matter from any source, which then be-(two thousand cubic yards).
comes deposited beyond the property directly con-(7) The department or air pollution control authority m
7-27-84 Put*shed by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL. AFFAIRS INC., Washington. D C. 20037 101
92 541:0618 STATE AIR LAWS may charge a fee to cover administrative costs of pro-Chapter 173-430 cessing the waiver request.
Burning of Field and Forage and Turf (8) When an alternate is to be used at any site for Grasses Grown for Seed six or more months. the requirements of WAC 173-( Adopted November 9,1977) 400110 (notice of construction) shall be met.
(9) In this chapter, land clearing projects located WAC 173-430-010 PURPOSE. (1) These rules are close to one another and burned near the same time, enacted under the provisions of the Washington State which appear to be a single project, shall be presumed Clean Air Act, chapter 7034 RCW, as amended, to to be one project.
assume state jurisdiction over and to control emissions (10) In this chapter, normal clearing and grubbing from the burning of field and forage, and turf grasses do not include any activity or action related to using grown for seed, alternate methods and technology listed in WAC 173 (2) Authority to enforce all provisions of this regula-425-115(2),
tion, including establishing permit conditions and issuing permits, is delegated to and shall be carried out by all ac-(11) In th.is chapter, one cub.ic yard of wood waste tivated air pollution control authorities. In those areas residue equals five hundred pounds.
not under the jurisdiction of any activated air pollution WAC 173 425-120 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL control authority, the Department of Ecology shall en-RESOURCES-SMOKE MANAGEMENT PLAN. The force these regulations, including establishing permit depart:T.ent of natural resources has the responsibility conditions and issuing permits.
for issuing and regulating burning permits for open (3) The purpose of this chapter is to:
fire in areas protected by the department of natural (a) Minimize adverse effects on air quality from the resources, when such fires are for:
open burning of field and forage, and turf grasses grown for seed; (1) Abating a forest fire hazard; (2) Preventing a fire hazard; (b) Provide for implementation of a research program
- 0) Instructing public officials in methods of forest to explore and identify economical and practical alter-fire fighting; native agricultural practices to the open burning of field (4) Any silvicultural operation to improve the forest and forage, and turf grasses grown for seed; lands of the state.
(c) Provide for interim regulation of such burning until Fires set for these purposes must be conducted ac-ptactical alternatives are found, cording to the provisions of the smoke management WAC 173 430-020 DEFINITIONS. (1) Department:
plan administered by the department of natural re-The department of ecology.
sources in agreement with the department of ecology (2) Director: The director of the department of and other involved agencies.
- ecogggy, (3) Emissions: A release of air contaminants into the WAC 173-425130 NOTICE OF VIOLATION. The d"
I n
he pen 4)Fe n forage grasses: Canarygrass, bromegrass, son r sp nsib e f r he ti e he atgrass, timothy, wheatgrass, and orchardgrass, planted (1) Conditions of a permit issued under this chapter to produce seed.
are violated; (5) Open burning: The combustion of material in the (2) Any open tire is ignited or, if ignited, is not open or in a container, with no provisions for control of extinguished, when the person responsible for the fire the combustion or control over the combustion products.
is aware that any air pollution episode stage has been (6) Particulate: A small discrete mass of solid or liquid declared; matter, not including uncombined water.
O) An open tire is ignited where, under this chapter, (7) Standard conditions: 60 degrees F. and 29.92 inches such fires are prohibited or where a permit is required of mecury, and no such permit has been obtained;
, (8) Straw: All material, other than seed, removed by (4) Prohibited materials are burned in an open fire.
swathing, combining, or cutting.
Procedures for notices of violation shall follow RCW (9) Turf grasses: All blue grasses, fescues, bentgrass, 70.94.332.
and perennial ryegs ass, planted to produce seed.
WAC 173 425140 REMEDIES. Any violation of this WAC 173-430-030 PERMITS, CONDITIONS, chapter may be subject to any penalty or other remedy AND RESTRICTIONS. (1) No open burning of field or given in chapter 70.94 RCW.
forage grasses, or turf grasses shall be undertaken unless O
Envrontnant Reporter 102
9 S 'soe
. WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 54t0577 effluent to change the perceived odor, usually to a less ably available considering technological and economic offensive odor.
feasibility. RACris determined on a case-by-case basis (26) " Materials handling" means the handling, for an individual source or source category taking into
(
transporting, loading, unloading, storage, and transfer account the impact of the source upon air quality, the of materials with no significant alteration of the chem-availability of additional controls, the emission reduc-s ical or physical properties of the material.
tion to be achieved by additional controls, the impact of additional controls on air quality and the capital and (27) " National emission standards for hazardous air operating costs of the additional controls. RACT pollutants (NESHAPS)" means those federal regula.
requirements for any source or source category may be tions set forth in 40 CFR Part 61, as promulgr.ted prior adopted as an order or regulation after public involve-to January 1,1983.
ment per WAC 173-403-110.
(28) "New source" means a source which com-mences construedon after the effective date of this (37) " Regulatory order" means an order issued by the chapter. Addition to, enlargement, modification, department or cognizant local authority to an air conta-minant source which approves a notice of construction replacement, or any alteration of any process or source and/or limits emissions and/or establishes other air which may increase emissions or ambient air concentra.
tions of any contaminant for which federal or state pollution control requirements.
ambient or emissions standards have been established (38) " Source" means all of the emissions unit (s) shall be construed as construction or installation or including quantifiable fugitive emissions, which are lo-establishment of a new source in addition every major cated on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, modification (as defined in WAC 173-403-030) shall be and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control), whose activities are ancillary to construed as construction or installation or establishment the production of a sing!c product or functionally related of a new source.
Emup of products.
(29) "New source performance standards (NSPS)"
(39) " Source category', means all sources of the means the federal regulations set forth in 40 CFR Part same type or classification.
60, as promulgated prior to January 1,1983.
(40) " Standard conditions" mean a temperature of (30) " Notice of construction" means a document 20 degrees Cels us (68 degrees Fahrenheit) and a pres-which makes application for permission to construct a sure of 29.92 mches (760 mm) of mercury except when new source or to accomplish the modification of an otherw,se specified.
i existing source.
(41) " Sulfuric acid plant" means any facility pro-(VA)
(31) oOpac.ity,, means the degree to which an obj.ect ducing sulfuric acid by the contact process by burning seen through a plume is obscured, stated as a percent-elemental sulfur, alkylation acid, hydrogen s'ullide, or
( 2) "Open burning" means the combustion of material in an open fire or in an outdoor container, WAC 173-400-040 GENERAL STANDARDS without providing for the control of combustion or the FOR MAXIMUM EMISSIONS. All sources and emis-control of the emissions from the combustion. Wood sions units are required to meet the emission standards waste disposal in wigwam burners is not considered of this chapter. When two or more emissions units are connected to a common stack and the operator elects not open burning.
(33) *pp'm (parts per million)" means parts of conta.
to provide the means or facilities to sample emissions from the individual emissions units and the relative minant per million parts of gas, by volume, exclusive of contributions of the individual emissions units to the water or particulate matter, c rm, discharge are not readily distinguishable, then (34) " Particulate matter" or "particulates" means I * ** "*
small discrete masses of liquid or solid, exclusive of restnetive standard of any of the connected emissions uncombined water.
units. Further, all point sources are required to use (35) " Person" means an individual firm, public or reasonably availabic control technology which may be private corporation, association, partnership, political determined for some sources er source categories to be subdivision, mumcipality or government agency.
,nore stringent than the emission limitations of this (36) " Reasonably available control technology chapter, in cases where current controls are determined (RACT)" means the lowest emission limit that a par-to be less than reasonably available control technology ticular source or source category is capable of meeting (RACT), the department or cognizant local authority by the application of control technology that is reason-shall, on a case by-case basis, define RACT for each m
61 7-27-84 Pubhstied by THE BUREAU oF NATioNAi. AFFAIRS INC.. Wastungton, O C. 20037
A
=
0 541:0578 STATE AIR LAWS source or source category and issue a regulatory order to (4) Odors. Any person who shall cause or allow the the source or sources for installation of RACT.
generation of any odor from any source which may un-(1) Visible emissions. No person shall cause or per.
reasonably interfere with any other property owner's use mit the emission for more than three minutes. in any and enjoyment of his property must use recognized good one hour, of an air contaminant from any emissions units practice and procedure to reduce these odors to a reason-which at the emission point, or within a reasonable able minimum.
distance of the emission point, exceeds twenty percent (5) Emission air contaminants detrimental to per-opacity except:
sons or property. No person shall cause or permit the (a) When the emissions occur due to soot blowing, emission of any air contaminant from any source, grate cleaning and the operator can demonstrate that including any air contaminant whose emission is not the emissions vill not exceed twenty percent opacity otherwise prohibited by this chapter. if the air contam-for more than fdeen minutes in any eight consecutive inant causes detriment to the health, safety, or welfare hours. The inten. of this provision is to permit the soot of any person, or causes damage to property or busi-blowing and grate cleaning necessary to the operation ness.
of boiler facilities. As such, this practice, except for (6) Sulfur dioxide.
testing and trouble shooting,is to be scheduled for the No person shall cause or permit the emission of a gas same approximate times each day and the department containing sulfur dioxide from any emissions unit in cr cognizant local authority shall be advised of the excess of one thousand ppm of sulfur dioxide corrected schedule.
to seven percent oxygen for combustion sources, and (b) When the owner or operator of a source supplies based on the average of any period of sixty consecutive valid data to show that the presence of uncombined minutes, except as follows:
water is the only reason for the opacity to exceed twenty (a) When the owner or operator of an emissions unit percent.
supplies emission data and can demonstrate to the de-(c) When two or more sources are connected to a partment or cognizant local authority that there is no feasible method of reducing the concentration to less common stack, an adjusted time limit may be allowed than one thcusand ppm and that the state and federal at the discretion of the department or cognizant local ambient air quality standards for sulfur dioxide will not authority, be exceeded. In such cases, the department or authority (2) Preventing particulate matur from being depos-may require the owner or operator to equip, operate, and ited. No person shall cause or permit the emission of maintain continuous ambient air monitoring stations at particulate matter from any source to be deposited locations approved by the department or authority and beyond the property under direct control of the owner using equipment approved by the de9artment or author-or operator of the source in sufficient quantity to inter.
ity. All sampling results will be made available upon fere unreasonably with the use and enjoyment of the request and a monthly summary will be submitted to the property upon w hich the material is deposited.
department or authority.
(3) Fugitive emissions. The owner or operator of any (b) When a source limits such emission by a combina-emissions unit involving materials handlings construc.
tion of constant emission controls and dispersion tech-tion, demolition or any other operation which is a source mques approved by the department or cognizant local of fugitive emission:
authority, as permitted by WAC 173-400-140.
(a) If located in an attainment area and not impact-(7) Concealment and masking. No person shall cause ing any nonattainment area, shall take reasonable pre.
or permit the installation or use of any means which con-cautions to prevent the release of air contaminants from ceals or masks an emission of an air contaminant which the operation.
would otherwise violate any provisions of this chapter.
(b) If the emissions unit has been identified as a (8) Fugitive dust sources, significant contributor to the nonattainment status of a (a) The owner or operator of a source of fugitive dust designated nonattainment area, shall be required to use shall take reasonable precautions to prevent fugitive dust reasonably available control technology to control emis.
from becoming airborne and shall maintain and operate sions of the contaminants for which nonattainment has the source to mimmize emissions.
been designated. Significance will be determined by (b) The owner or operator of any existing source of EPA interpretive ruling for PSD and offsets on file with fugitive dust that has been identified as a significant the department.
contributor to the nonattainment status of a designated O
Envwonment Reporter 62
e 4
S-704 WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 541:0579 nonattainment area shall be required to use reasonably (a) All wigwam burners shall meet all provisions of available control technology to control emissions. Sig-
. subsections (2) (3). (4), (5). (6), and (7) of WAC '
-f nificance will be determined by EPA interpretive ruling 173-400-040.
g for PSD and offsets as on file with the department.
(b) All wigwam burners shall use reasonably available c ntrol technology. All emissions units shall be operated g,K 173-409-050 NilNI\\lUAl E.\\f!SSION
- '?
STANDARDS FOR COhiPUSTION AND INCIN-ERATION UNITS, (1) Co obustion and incineration ments may include a controlled tangential vent overfire emissions units must meet all requirements of WAC air system, an adequate underfire system, elimination of all unnecessary openings, a controlled feed and-other
[
173-400-040 above and, in addition, no person shall modifications determined necessary by the department cause or permit emissions of particulate matter in excess or cognizant local authority.
of 0.23 gram per dry cubic foota except, (a) for an (c) It shall be unlawful to install or increase the es-emissions unit utih,zmg the combustion of wood for the sting use of any burner that does not meet all re-production of steam, no person shall allow or permit the quirements for new sources including those requirements emission of particulate matter in excess of 0.46 gram per specified in WAC 173 400-040 and WAC 173-400-050.
dry cubic meter at standard conditions (0.2 grain /dscf) escept operatine hours.
as measured by procedures on file at the department.
(d) The department may establish additional require-(2) For any incinerator, no person shall cause or ments for wigwam burners located, or proposed for permit emissions in excess of one hundred ppm of total location in sensitive areas as defined by chapter 18-06 carbonyls.as measured by procedures contained in WAC. These requirements may include but shall not
" Source Test Nianual - Procedures for Compliance be limited to: '
t Testing," State of Washington, Department of Ecology, i
on file at the department. Incinerators shall be operated (i) A requirement to meet all provisions of WAC 173-400-040 and WAC 173-400-050. Wigwam burners only dunng daylight hours unless written permission to operate at other times is received from the department will be considered to be in compliance with WAC l
or cognizant local authon,ty.
173 400-040 (1)if they meet the requirements contained therein eteept during a startup period not to exceed thirts
(.4 Nieasured concentrations for combustion and minutes in any eight consecutive hours.
~
incineration sources shall be adjusted for volumes cor-(ii) A requirement to apply best available technology rected to seven percent oxygen, except when the depart-( B ACT).
ment or cognizant local authority may determine that an (iii) A requirement to reduce or eliminate emissions alternate oxygen correction factor is appropriate.
f the department establishes that such emissions n'M /73-J00-050 511NINIUN1 ESilSSION STAND.
unreasonably interfere with the use and enjoyment of ARDS FOR GENERAL PROCESS EN11SSIONS the property of others or are a cause of violation of UNIT. General process sources shall be required to meet mbient air standards.
all. applicable provisions of WAC 173-400440 above (2) Hog fuel boilers.
and in addition, no person shall cause or permit the ta) Hog fuel boilers shall meet all provisions of WAC emission of particulate material from any general pro-173-400-040 and WAC 173-400 050 t 11. except that cess operation in excess of 0.23 grams per dry cubic emissions may exceed twenty percent opacity for up meter at standard conditions (0.1 grain /dscf) exhaust to fifteen consecutive minutes once in any eight hours.
gas.
The intent of this provision is to permit the soot blow ing and grate cleaning necessary to the operation of these WAC 173-400-070 hilNINIUh1 STANDARDS FOR units. As such, this practice is to be scheduled for the CERTAIN SOURCE CATEGORIES.The department same specific times each day and the department or finds that the reasonable regulation of sources within cognizant local authority shall be notified as to the certain categories requires separate standards appli.
schedule.
cable to such categories. The standards set forth in this (b) All hog fuel boilers shall utilize reasonably avail-section shall be the minimum standards for emissions able control technology. All emissions units shall be units within the categories listed. Except as specifically operated and maintained to minimize emissions.
provided in this section, such emissions units shall not be (3) Orchard heating.
required to meet the provisions of WAC 173-400-040,
.(a) Burning of rubber materials, asphaltic products.
WAC 173-400-050 and WAC 173-400-060.
crankcase oil or petroleum wastes, plastic, or garbage is (l) WMam burners.
prohibited.
83 7-27-84 Put*shed by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAi. AFFAIRS INC.. Washington, o C. 20037
a, a
9 541:0580 STATE AIR LAWS (b) It shall be unlaw fut to burn any material or operate cry or release of asbestos, beryllium, mercury or vinyl any orchard-heating device that causes a visible emission chloride in order to determine the status of compliance eEceding 20 percent opacity. except during the first of sources of these contaminants and to carry out its thirty minutes after such device or material is ignited.
enforcement responsibilities.
(4) Grain elevators.
(3) Source testing, monitoring and analytical meth-Any grain elevator which is primarily classified as a ds for sources of asbestos. beryllium. mercury or vinyl materials handlir g operation shall meet all the provisions chloride shall conform with the requirements of Title 40, of WAC 173-400-040 (2). (3), (4), and (5).
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 61, as promulgated (5) Catalytic cracking units.
prior to January 1,1983.
(a) All existing catalytic cracking units shall meet all (4) This section shall not apply to any source operating provisions of subsections (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), and (7) of P.ursuant to a waiver granted by the United States en-WAC 173-400-040 and in addition:
vironmental protection agency or an exemption granted by the president of the United States during the effective (i) No person shall cause or permit the emission for life of such waiver or exemption.
more than three minutes, in any one hour, of an air con-taminant from any catalytic cracking unit which at the WAC 173-400-080 [ Repealed) emission point, or within a reasonable distance of the WAC 173-400-090 [ Repealed]
emission point, exceeds 40 percent opacity.
WA C 173-400-100 REGISTRATION. The owner or (ii) No person shall cause or permit the emission of operator of each source within the following source particulate material m excess of two-tenths 0.46 grams categories shall register the source with the department per dry cubic meter at standard conditions (0.20 unless such registration is required by the cognizant grains /dscf) of exhaust gas.
local authority; (b) All new catalytic cracking units shall meet all (1) Agricultural drying and dehydrating operations:
provisions of WAC 173-400-115.
(2) Asphalt plants:
(6) Other wood waste burners.
(3) Cattle feedlots with facilities for one thousand or (a) Wood waste burners not specifically provided for in
- "'" '"" IC; this section shall meet al1 provisions of WAC (4) Chemica! plants:
173-400-040.
(5) Ferrous foundries:
ants:
(b) Such wood waste burners shall utilize reasonably
".ndling seed processing, pea and lentil available control technology. All emissions units shall be processine facilities:
operated and maintained to minimize emissions.
(8) afineralogical processing plants:
(7) Sulfuric acid plants.
(9) Nonferrous foundries:
No person shall cause to be discharged into the (10) Oil refineries:
atmosphere from a sulfuric acid plant, any gases which (11) Other metallurgical processing plants; contain acid mist, expressed as H.,SO., in excess of 0.15 (12) Power boilers using coal. hog fuel, oil, or other pounds per tons of acid produced, the production being solid or liquid fuel:
expressed as one hundred percent H,SO.-
(13) Rendering plants:
(14) Scrap metal operations WAC /73400-075 E511SSION STANDARDS FOR (15) Veneer drsers:
SOURCES Eh11TTING HAZARDOUS AIR POL-(16) Wood w' ace incinerators including wigwam LUTANTS. (1) The emission standards for asbestos-bumers; beryllium, beryllium rocket motor firing, mercury and (17) Other ineinerators designed for a capacity of vinyl chloride promulgated by the United States envi-one hundred pounds per hour or more:
ronmental protection agency prior to January 1,1983, as
~
(18) Stationary internal combustion engines rated contained in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part at five hundred horse power or more:
61, are by this reference adopted and incorporated (19) Sawmills, including processing for lumber, ply-herein.
wood, shake. shingle, pulpwood insulating board. or any (2) The department or cognizant local authority, at combination thereof; any time after the efTective date of this section, may (20) Any category of stationary sources to which a conduct source tests and require access to records, books, federal standard of performance applies; files and other information specific to the control, recov-(21) Any source which emits a contaminant subject O
Environment Reporter 64
p s-704 WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 541:0581 to a national emission standard for hazardous air pollu-formance tests and visual observations of opacity as set n
tants (NESHAPS);
forth in the regulations adopted by reference hereby.
(V)
(22) Any major source or major emissions unit.
IVAC 173-400-120 hiONITORING AND SPE-Registration shall be on forms to be supplied by the CIAL REPORT. (1) Monitoring. The department shall department or local authority within the time specified conduct a continuous surveillance program to monitor thereon.
the quality of the ambient atmosphere as to concentra-A report of closure shall be filed with the de-tions and movements of air contaminants.
partment whenever operations producing emissions are As a part of this program, the director or his j
permanently ceased at any source within the above authorized representative may require any source under
{
categories.
the jurisdiction of the department to conduct stack l
and/or ambient air monitoring, and to report the results IVAC l73,400-ll0 NOTICE OF CONSTRUCTION.
to the department.
Construction shall not commence, on any new source that is required to register per WAC 173-400-100, until (2) Investigation of conditions. Upon presentation of j
a notice of construction has been approved per WAC appropnate credentials, for the purpose of investigating 173-403-050. The owner or operator of any Source that conditions specific to the control, recovery, or release of is required to register per WAC 173-400-100 shall air contaminants into the atmosphere, the director, or notify the department or cognizant local authority prior authorized personnel from a cognizant local authority to replacement of air pollution control equipment or shall have the power te enter at reasonable times upon process equipment other than replacement for routine any private or public property, excepting nonmultiple maintenance and repair. The department or authority unit private dwellings housing one or two famihes.
may determine that a notice of construction is required.
(3) Source testing. In order to demonstrate comph-ance with this chapter, the department may requis e that IVAC 173-400-/15 STANDARDS OF PERFORM-a tg,st be made of the source using procedures contained y ince Test Manual-Procedures for Compliance in ANCE FOR NEW SOURCES. Title 40, Code of Fed-cral Regulations, Part 60 (standards of performance for Testing. State of Washington, Department of Ecol-new stationary sources), as promulgated prior to Janu-Sy, on file at the department. The operator of a source ary 1,1983,is by this reference adopted and incorporat-may be required to provide the necessary platform and ed herein with the exception of sections 60.5 (determina-sampling ports for the department personnel to perform
'N tion of construction or modification) and 60.6 (review of a test of an emissions unit. The department shall be
[O plans). For the purpose of state administration of the allowed to obtain a sample from any emissions unit. The I
federal regulations adopted by reference hereby, the peral r f the source shan be given an opportunity to department or cognizant local authority.
.bserve the sampling and to obtain a sample at the same term " administrator" as used therein shall refer to the time.
(1) Sections 60.5 and 60.6 Title 40, Code of Federal (4) Report of startup, shutdown, breakdown or upset Regulations, are not incorporated herein because they condition. If a startup, shutdown, breakdown or upset condition occurs which could result in an emission viola-provide for preconstruction review of new sources only tion or a violation of an ambient air quality standard, the on request. By virtue of WAc 173-403-050, such re-view under the state program is mandatory and an order e,vner or operator of the source shall take the following actions as applicable:
of approval is required before the construction, installa-(a) For a planned condition, such as a startup or tion or establishment of a new source may commence.
shutdown, the condition shall be reported to the depart-(2) As of January 1,1983, the federal regulations ment or cognizant local authority in advance of its adopted by reference hereby set standards of perfor-occurrence.
mance atTecting facilities for the following described (b) For an unplanned condition, such as a breakdown subparts of 40 CFR Part 60:
or upset, the condition shall be reported to the depart-
[ Editor's note: The Washington Department of Ecol-ment or cognizant local authority as soon as possible.
Upon request of the department or cognizant local ogy has adopted by reference 40 CFR 00 Subparts D-R, authority, the owner or operator of the source shall T-AA and CC-UU. See Environment Reporter, Federal submit a full written report including the known causes, Regulations-1, page 121:1501.]
the corrective actions taken, and the preventive measures Compiknce with the standards for affected facilities to be taken to minimize or climinate the chance of within these source categories shall be determined by per-recurrence.
p (v) 7-27-84 Pubhshed by THE BUREAU oF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC.. Washmgton. D C. 20037 65
g 541:0582 STATE AIR LAWS Compliance with the requirements of WAC (ii) Continuous monitoring equipment. The re-173-400-120(4) does not relieve the owner or operator quirements of WAC 173-400-120 (5)(e) do not apply to of the source from the responsibility to maintain con-wood residue fuel-fired steam generators, but continuous tinuous compliance with all the requirements of this monitoring equipment required by WAC 173-400-120 (5) chapter nor from the resulting liabilities for failure to (d) shall be subject to approval by the department.
comply.
(e) Owners and operators of those sources required (5) Continuous monitoring and recording. Owners to install continuous monitoring equipment under this and operatc,rs of the following categories of sources shall chapter shall demonstrate to the department or cogni-install, calibrate, maintain and operate equipment for zant local authority compliance with the equipment and continuously monitoring and recording those emtssions performance specifications, and observe the reporting specified.
requirements, contained in Title 40, Code of Federal (a) Fossil fuel fired steam generators.
Regulations, Part 51, Appendix P Sections 3,4 and 5, (i) Opacity, except where:
promulgated on October 6,1975, which is by this refer-( A) Steam generator capacity is less than two hun-ence adopted and incorporated herein.
dred 6fty million BTU per hour heat input or (f) All sources subject to this chapter shall procure (B) Only gaseous fuel is burned; or and install equipment and commence monitoring and (C) Only oil or a mixture of oil and gas is burned and recording activities no later than eighteen months after opacity and particulate regulations can be met without adoption of this chapter by the department. Any exten-using particulate collectior. equipment; and, the source sion to this time requirement shall be negotiated has never, through any administrative or judicial through the variance procedure of WAC 173-400-150.
procedure, been found in violation of any visible emission (g) Special considerations. If for reason of physical standard.
plant limitations or extreme economic situations, the (ii) Sulfur dioxide, except where:
department determines that continuous monitoring is not (A) Steam generator capacity is less than two a reasonable requirement, alternative monitoring and hundred fifty million BTU per hour heat input, or reporting procedures will be established on an individual (B) Sulfur dioxide control equipment has not been in-basis. These will generally take the form of stack tests stalled.
conducted at a frequency sufficient to establish the emis-(iii) Percent oxygen or carbon dioxide where such sion levels over time and to monitor deviations in these measurements are necessary for the conversion of sulfur levels.
dioxide continuous emission monitoring data.
(h) Exemptions. This subsection (5) does not apply to (iv) General exception. These requirements do not ap-any source which is:
ply to a fossil fuel-fired steam generator with an annual (i) Subject to a new source performance standard.
aserage capacity factor of less than thirty percent, as These sources will be governed by WAC 173-400-115.
reported to the Federal Power Commission for calendar (ii) Not subject to an applicable emission standard.
year 1974. or as otherwise demonstrated to the depart-(iii) Scheduled for retirement within live years after ment or cognizant local authority by the owner or inclusion of monitonng equipment requirements in this operator.
chapter. provided that adequate evidence and guaran-(b) Sulfuric acid plants.
tees are provided that clearly show that the source will Sulfur dioxide where production capacity is more than cease operations pnor to that date.
three hundred tons per day, expressed as one hundred per-(i) Monitoring system malfunctions. A source may cent acid. except for those facilities where conversion to be temporanly exempted from the monitoring and sulfuric acid is utilized primarily as a means of prevent-reporting requirements of this chapter during periods mg emissions to the atmosphere of sulfur dioxide or other of monitoring system malfunctions provided that the sulfur compounds.
source owner or operator shows to the satisfaction of (c) Fluid bed catalytic cracking units catalyst the department or cognizant local authority that the regenerators at petroleum refineries.
malfunction was unavoidable and is being repaired as Opacity w here fresh feed capacity is more than twenty expeditiously as practicable.
thousand barrels per day.
(6) Emission insentory. The owner or operator of any (d) Wood residue fuel-fired steam generators.
air contaminant source shall subrnit an inventory of (i) Opacity, except where:
emissions from the source each year upon a form and ac-Steam generator capacity is less than one hundred mil-cording to instructions received from the department of hon BTU per hour heat input.
ecology or cognizant local authority. The inventory may O
Environrnent Reporter 66
p S-iO4 WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 541:0583 include stack and fugitive emissions of particulates, for any source under its jurisdiction and may in addition sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, total reduced sulfur adopt requiremc sts which are equivalent to or more
(
i compounds (TRS), fluroides, lead, volatile organic com-stringent than standards or requirements on the same
(
)
pounds, and other contaminants, and shall be submitted object matter established by this chapter. This regula-when required no later than one hundred five days after tion is applicable to all sources of air contaminants the end of the calendar year. The inventory shall include except:
total emissions for the year in tons per year and an (1) Automobiles, trucks, and aircraft.
estimate of the percentage of the total emitted each (2) Those sources under the jurisdiction of the energy quarter. An estimate shall be made of the one hour and facility site evaluation council.
twenty-four hour emissions while operating at maximum capacity. The report shall include the average sulfur WAC 173-403-030 DEFINITIONS: Unless a differ-ent meaning is P ainly required by context, the following l
content of any fuel or raw material used which will result in emissions of more than twenty five tons per year w rds and phrases, as heremafter used m this chapter, of sulfur dioxide.
shall have the following meanings:
(7) Change in raw materials or fuels. Any change or (1) " Actual emissions" as of a particular date means series of changes in raw material or fuel which will re-the average rate, in weight per unit time, with air sult m a cumulative increase in emissions of sulfur dioude pollution controls applied, at which the affected emis-of forty tons per year or more over that stated m the sions unit emitted the pollutant during the two-year imtial mventory required by WAC-173-400-120(6) period which precedes the particular date, and which is shall require the submittal of sufHeient information t representative of normal operation. An adjustment may the department or local authority to determine the effect be made to the average annual emission rate to account for unusual circumstances during the two-year period.
of the increase upon ambient concentrations of sulfur -
Th @mm m gim M M@' my h dioxide. The department or cognizant local authority or require the use of an alternative time period'upon a may issue regulatory orders requiring controls to reduce the erTect of such increases. Cumulative changes in raw determination that the alternative time period is more material or fuel of less than 0.5 percent increase in representative of normal operation than is the immedi-average annual sulfur content over the initial inventory ately-preceding two years. Actual emissions shall be shall not require such notice.
calculated using the unit's actual operating hours, pro-WAC 173-400-130 through 173-400-170 [ Repealed]
duction rates, and types of materials processed, stored, or combusted during the selected time period.
O)
The department or cognizant local authority may
(
presume that source-specific allowable emissions, which L/
Chapter 173 - 403 incorporate limits on hours of operation or production implementation of Regulations for rate, are equivalent to the actual emissions of the umt.
Air Contaminant Sources (2) " Adverse impact on visibility" means visibility impairment which interferes with the management, pro-(Adopted March 30, 1983; Amended August 26, tection, preservation, or enjoyment of the visitor's visual 1983) experience of the Federal Class I area. This determina-tion must be made on a case-by-case basis taking into WAC 173-403-010 POLICY AND PURPOSE. (1) account the geographic extent, intensity, duration, fre-It is the policy of the department of ecology under the quency. and time of visibility impairments, and how authority vested in it by chapter 43.21 A RCW to pro-these factors correlate with (a) times of visitor use of the vide for the systematic control of air pollution from air Federal Class I area, and (b) the frequency and timing contaminant sources and progressive reduction where of natural conditions that reduce visibility. This term needed.
does not include etTects on integral vistas.
(2) It is the purpose of this chapter to establish (3) " Air contaminant" means dust, fumes, mist, procedures for the implementation of regulations and smoke, other particulate matter, vapor, gas, odorous rules generally applicable to the control and/or preven-substance, or any combination thereof. " Air pollutant" tion of the emission of air contaminants.
means the same as " air contaminant."
WAC 173-403-010 APPLICABILITY. This chapter (4) " Air pollution" means the presence in the outdoor cancels and supercedes chapter 18-60 WAC. The provi-atmosphere of one or more air contaminants in sutlicient sions of this chapter shall apply state wide. An activated quantities, and of such characteristics and duration as is, air pollution control authority may enforce this chapter or is likely to be, injurious to human health, plant or p
f
~/
7-27-84 Pubhshed by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC.. Washington, o C. 20037 67 A
541:0584 STATE AIR LAWS animal life, or property, or which unreasonably inter-able methods of emission control" is interpreted to mean feres with enjoyment of life and' property.
the same as best available control technology.
(5) " Allowable emissions" means the emission rate (9) "Best available retrofit technology (BART)"
calculated using the maximum rated capacity of the means any emission limitation based on the degree of source (unless the source is limited in production rate or reduction achievable through the application of the best hours of operation, or both, by an applicable regulatory system of continuous emission reduction for each pollu-order) and the most stringent of (a), (b), (c) of this tant which is emitted by source. The emission limitation subsection. Physical and process limitations must be must be established, on a case-by-case basis, taking into considered in determining maximum rated capacity.
consideration the technology available, the costs of com-(a) Standards as set forth in 40 CFR Part 60 and Part pliance, the energy and nonair quality environmental 61, if applicable to the source; or impacts cf compliance, any pollution control equipment (b) The applica ble state implementation plan emission in use or se existence at the source, the remaining useful limitation; or life of the source, and the degree of improvement in (c) The emission rate specified by an applicable regu-visibility which may reasonably be anticipated to result fr m the use of such technology. If an emission limita-latory order.
tion is not feasible, a design, equipment, work practice, (6)" Ambient air" means the surrounding outside air.
operational standard, or combination thereof, may be (7) " Ambient air quah.ty standard', means an estab-required. Such standards shall, to the degree possible, set lished concentration, exposure time, and frequency of forth the emission reductions achieved and crovide for occurrence of air contaminant on multiple air cc tamin-compliance by prescribing appropriate conditions in a ants in the ambient air which shall not be exceeded.
regulatory order.
(8) "Best available control technology (BACT)"
(10) " Bubble" means a set of emission limits which means technology which will result in an emission lirr:-
allows an increase in emissions from a given emissions tation (including a visible emission standard) based on unit or units in exchange for a decrease in emissions the maximum de tree of reduction for each air pollutant from another emission unit or units, pursuant to RCW subject to this regulation which would be emitted from 70.94 155.
any proposed new or modified source which the permit-(11) " Class I area" means any federal, state, or ting authority, on a case-by. case basis, taking into ac-Indian land which is classified or re'lassitied Class 1.
c count energy, environmental, and economic impacts and (ID" Cognizant local authority" means an activated other costs, determines is achievable for such sources or air pollution control authority formed pursuant to chap-raodification through application of production pr -
ter 70.94 RCW, which authority has jurisdiction over cesses, uvailable methods, systems, and techniques, in-the source being considered.
ciuding fuel cleaning or treatment or innovative fuel (13) " Commenced construction" mea s that the own-combustion techniques for control of such air pollutant.
er r perator has all the necessary preconstruction In no event shall application of the best available tech-nology result in emissions of any air pollutant which pprovals or permits and either has:
would exceed the entissions allowed by any applicable (a) Begun, or caused to begin, a continuous program f actual on-site construction of the source, to be com-standard under 40 CFR Part 60 and Part 61. If the reviewing agency determines that technological or eco-picted within a reasonable time; or nomic limitations on the application of measurement (b) Entered into binding agreements or contractual methodology to a particular class of sources would make obligations, which cannot be cancelled or modified with-the imposition of an emission standard infeasible,it may out substantial loss to the owner or operator, to under-
~
instead prescribe a design, equipment, work practice or take a program of actual construction if the source to be c mpleted with,n a rea'nnable time.
i operational standard, or combination thereof, to meet the requirement of best available control technology.
(14)" Department" means the department of ecology.
Such standard shall, to the degree possible, set forth the (15) " Director" means director of the department of emission reduction achievable by implementation of such ecology or his authorized representative.
design, equipment, work practice or operation and shall (16)" Dispersion technique" means any one of the provide for compliance by means which achieve equiv-following:
alent results. The requirement of RCW 70.94.152 that a (a) A stack whose height exceed; good engineering new source will provide "all known available and reason-practice; or O
Envronment Poporter 68
s 4 04 WASHINGTON AIR POLL.UTION REGULATIONS 541:0585 l
(b) An intermittent or supplemental control of pollu-lines published by the environmental protection agency tants varying with atmospheric conditions, including any or by a field study which has been approved by the
[Og method which attempts to affect the concentration of a department of cognizant local authority. Such a study
("j pollutant according to atmospheric conditions and the may be approved only after public involvement pursuant manipulation of source process parameters or selective to WAC 173-403-110.
handling of exhaust gas streams; or (23) "In operation" means engaged in activity related (c) Use of a fan or reheater to obtain a less stringent to the primary design function of the source.
emission limitation.
(24) " Integral vista" means a view perceived from (17) " Emission" means a release of air contaminants within the Class I area of a specific landmark or panora-into the ambient air.
ma located outside the boundary of the Class I area.
(18) " Emission reduction credit (ERC)" means a (25) " Land manager" means the secretary of the credit granted to a source for a voluntary reduction in federal or head of the state department or Indian govern-actual emissions.
ing body with authority over the Class I area.
(19) " Emission standard" means a regulation or regu-(26) " Lowest achievable emission rate (LAER)"
latory order (or portion thereof) setting forth an allow-means for any source that rate of emissions which able rate of emissions, level of opacity, or prescribing reflects:
equipment or operating conditions that result in control his G is of air pollution emission.
contained in the implementation plan of any state for (20) " Emissions unit" means any equipment, device, such class or category of source, unless the owner or process, or activity that produces and emits to the operator of the proposed new or modifed source demon-outside air, or that may produce and emit to the outside sh li i
did w air, any contaminant regulated by state or federal law.
(21)" Fugitive emissions" means emissions which do (b) The most stringent emission limitation which is not pass and which could not reasonably pass through a achieved m practice by such class or category of source, stack, chimney, vent, or other functionally equivalent whichever is more stringent.
In n event shall the apph, cation of this term permit a opening.
(22) " Good engineering practice (GEP)" refers to the Proposed new or modified source to emit any pollutant in height of a stack and means one of the following, excess of the amount allowable under applicable new scurce performance standards.
whichever is the greatest:
(27)" Major emissions unit means any emissions unit (a) Sixty-five meters; or which has actual or allowable emissions of one hundred
(]/
[
(b) Height determined by formula. For stacks in existence on or before January 12,1979, formula height tons per year or more of any pollutant regulated by state r federal law.
is two and one. half times the height of any nearby (28) " Major modification" means (a), (b), or (c) of structure. For stacks constructed after January 12,1979, th.is subsection, whichever is the most stringent:
formula height is the height of any nearby structure plus one and one-half times the height or width of said (a) Any physical change or change in the method of structure, whichever is lesser. The height of the nearby operation or a major source, a source that would become strucure is measured from ground level at the base of the a major source as a result of the proposed change, or a stack. " Nearby," as used in this paragraph, means that major emission unit or an emissions unit that would distance up-to five times the lesser of the height or width become a major emissions unit as a result of the pro-dimension of said structure, but no greater than.8 Posed change that is located in an area that is not in kilometer; or attainment for the pollutant under consideration or is located in an area that is not in attainment for ozone and (c) Height determined by physical demonstration of nerd to prevent excessive concentrations of a pollutant the pollutant under consideration is volatile organic com-due to downwash, wakes, or eddies created by structures Pounds, which change would cause a net significant or terrain obstacles. To make such a demonstration it is emissions increase for any pollutant regulated by state or required that maximum concentration caused by the federal law, except that a net significant emissions in-source's emissions from its proposed stack height, with, crease for any one of the following reasons shall not, in out consideration of nearby structures or terrain obsta, itself, cause the change to be a major modification:
cles, will increase at least forty percent when the effects (i) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by of the structures or terrain obstacles are considered. This reason of an order under Sections 2(a) and (b) of the difference in concentrations must be shown either by a Federal Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination fluid model study conducted in accordance with <tuide.
Act of 1974 (or any superseding legislation) or by reason C
i 1-27-84 Pubhshed by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS iNC., WashogtoncD C. 20037 69
a, 541:0586 STATE AIR LAWS of a natural gas curtailment plan pursuant to the Feder-contemporaneous with the change and are otherwise al Power Act; or creditable, provided that:
(ii) Use of an alternative fuel by reason of an order or (i) Said other increases or decreases are contempora-rule under Section 125 of the Federal Clean Air Act; or neous with the change only if they occur at the same (iii) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material that the time or within one year prior to the change; and source is capable of accommodating and was capable of (i) Said other decreases in emissions are creditable accommodating prior to December 21,1976, unless such only to the extent that the old level of baseline emissions change in fuel or raw material use is prohibited by a exceeds the new level of base:ine emissions; and regulatory order; or (iii) Said other decreases in emissions are not credit-(iv) Use of an alternative fuel at a steam-generating able if the specific emissions unit is a major emissions unit to the extent that the fuel is generated from mum,ci-unit and is located (A) in an area that is not in attain-Pal solid waste; or ment for the pollutant or (B) in an area that is not in (v) An increase in the hours of operation or the attainment for ozone and the pollutant is volatile organic production rate unless such increases are prohibited by a ecmpounds; and regulatory order.
(iv) The determination of net emissions increase shall (b) Any physical change or change.in the method of be valid only after a regulatory order has been issued operation of a major source, a source that would become which establishes that the new emissions from every a major source as a result of the proposed change, or a emissions unit involved in the determination are equal to major emissions unit or an emissions unit that would the new allowable emissions expressed as weight of the become a major emissions unit as a result of the pro-posed change is located in an area that is not in attam-pollutant per unit time.
ment for the pollutant under consideration or is located (33) "New source" means a source which commences in an area that is not in attainment for ozone and the c nstruction after the effective date of this chapter.
pollutant under consideration is volatile organic com-Addition to, enlargement, modification, replacement, or pounds, which change would cause the allowable emis-any alteration of any process or source which may sions to be exceeded.
increase emissions or ambient air concentrations of any (c) Any reconstruction of a major source, or any contaminant for which federal state ambient or emission reconstruction of a major emissions unit that is located standards have been established shall be construed as in an area that is not in attainment for the pollutant c nstruction or installation or establishment of a new under consideration or loqted in an area that is not in s urce. In addition every major modification shall be attainment for ozone and the pcilutant t.nder consider-c nstrued as construction or installation or establishment f a new source.
ation is volatile organic compounds, for which recon-struction the fixed capital cost of the new components (34)"New s urce performance standards (NSPS)"
exceeds fifty percent of the fixed capital cost of a means the federal regulations set forth in 40 CFR Part comparable entirely new source or emissions unit.
60, as promulgated prior to January 1,1983.
(29) " Major source means any source which has (35) "Nonattainment area" means a clearly delineat-actual or allowable emissions of one hundred tons per ed geographic area which has been designated by EPA year or more of any pollutant regulated by state or promulgation as exceeding a national, ambient air qual-federal law.
ity standard or standards for one or niore of the criteria (30)" National emission standards for hazzrdous air pollutants.
pollutant (NESHAPS)" means the federal regulations (36) " Notice of construction" means a document set forth in 40 CFR Part 61, as promulgated prior to which makes application for permission to construct r January 1,1983.
new source or to accomplish the modification of an (31) " Natural conditions" include naturally occurring existing source.
phenomenon that reduce visibility as measured in terms (37) " Opacity" means the degree to which an object of visual range, contrast, or coloration.
seen through a plume is obscured, stated as a (32) " Net emissions increase" means the amount by percentage.
which the sum of the following exceeds zero:
(38) " Particulate matter" cr "particulates" means (a) Any increase in actual emissions of a pollutant small di< crete suasses of liquid or solid, exclusive or resulting from a physical change or change in method of uncombined water.
operation of a specitic emissions unit in a source; and (39)" Person" means an individual, firm, public or (b) Any other increases or decreases in actual emis-private corporation, association, partnership, political sions of the same pollutant from the source that are subdivision, municipality, or government agency.
O Environment Hoporter 70 O
S-704 i
WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 5400587 (40) " Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD)"
the production of a single product or functionally related means the federal regulations set forth in 40 CFR group of products.
i
'N Subpart 52.21 as promulgated prior to July 1,1982, and (47) " Source category" means all sources of the same i
as modified by WAC 173-403-080.
type er classification.
l s'v' (41) " Reasonably attributable" means attributable by (48) " Total reduced sulfur, (TRS)" means hydrogen visual observation or any other technique the state sulfide, mercaptans, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, deems appropriate.
and any other organic sulfides present, expressed as (42) "Reasonab!y available control technology hydrogen sulfide.
(RACT)" means the lowest emission limit that a par-(49) " Visibility impairment" means any humanly per-ticular source or source category is capable of meeting ceptible change in visibility (visual range, contrast, col-by the application of control technological and economic oration) from that which would have existed under feasibility. RACT is determined on a case-by. case basis natural conditions.
for an individual source or source category taking into (50) " Visibility impairment of a Class I areas" means account the impact of the source upon air quality, the visibility impairment within the area and visibility im-availability of additional controls, the emission reduction pairment of any formally designated integral vista asso-to be achieved by additional controls, the impact of ciated with the area.
additional controls on air quality, and the capital and (51) " Volatile organic compound" means a hydrocar-operating costs of the additional controls. RACT re-bon or derivative a hydrocarbon that has a vapor pres-quiremsats for any source or source category may be sure greater than 0.1 millimeters of mercury at 20 adopted as an order or regulation after public involve-degrees C, except the following excluded compounds:
ment per WAC 173-403-110.
- Methane, ethane, trichlorofluoromethane, (43) " Regulatory order" means an order issued by the dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, department or cognizant local authority to an air conta-trifluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, minant source which approves a notice of construction dichlorotetrafluoroethane, chloropentafluoroethane, and/or limits emissions and/or establishes other air methylene chloride, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl pollution control requirements.
chloroform).
(44) "Significant emission" means a rate of emission WA C 173-403-050 NEW SOURCE REVIEW equal to or greater than any one of the following rates:
(NSR). (1) Applicability.
(a) A notice of construction must be filed with the Pollutant Tons / Year Pounds / Day Pounds / Hour department or cognizant local authority prior to the
/S carbon Monoude too construction, installation, or establishment of a new source, if the source is in a category that is required to S ur Dion de 800 80 vclaide orpnic compounds 40 submit to a new source review per applicable regulation Particulates 25 500 50 of the said authority.
.6 (b) The department or cognizant local authority may Total Reduced Sulfur (as H 5) 10 2
Total monde 3
require a notice of construction prior to the constuction, installation, or establishment of any new source, other (45) "Significant visibility impairment" means visibil-than a single family or duplex dwelling.
ity impairment which interferes with the management, (c) The notice of construction and new source review protection, preservation, or enjoyment of visitor visual shall apply only to the emissions unit (s) all'ected and the experience of the Class I area. The determination must contaminants involved.
be made on a case by-case basis, taking into account the (2) Additional information. Within thirty days of geographic extent, intensity, duration, frequency, and receipt of a notice of construction, the department or time of the visibility impairment, and how these factors cognizant local authority may require the submission of correlate with the time of vi'itor use of the Class I area additional plans, specifications, and such other informa-and frequency and timing of natural conditions that tion as deemed necessary for the review of the proposed reduce visibility.
new or modified source.
(46) " Source" means all of the emissions unit (s)
(3) Requirements for nonattainment areas. If the including quantifiable fugitive emissions, which are lo.
proposed new source is located in an area that is not in cated on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, attainment for any air contaminant that would be emit-and are under the control of the same person (or persons ted by the source, or if the source is locr.ted in an area under common control), whose activities are ancillary to that is not in attainment for ozone and the source would gs l
\\ m/
7 27 84 Put*shed by THE BUREAU oF NATIONAL. AFFAIRS INC., Washington, D C. 20037 N
b a
541:0588 STATE AIR LAWS tmit volatile organic compounds, the department or be constructed only after the issuance of a regulatory cognizant local authority shall review notice (s) of con-order (s) to the proposed new source and to all the struction, plans, specifications, and other information source (s) that provided the ofTset. The said orders shall associated therewith to determine that:
include new allowable emissions limits for all the affect-(a) The new source will be in accord with applicable ed sources. An emission reduction that is the result of federal and state rules and regulations, including new the shutdown or curtailment of an existing emission unit source performance standards (NSPS) and national may be used as an offsetting reduction to satisfy the emissions standards for hazardous air pollutants requirements of this paragraph only by the source that (N ESHAPS).
created the reduction.
(b) The new source will be best available control (f) If the source is a major source or the project is a technology (BACT) for emissions control.
major modification, the owner or operator shall demon-(c) If the new source is a major source or the proposed strate that all major sources owned or operated by such change is a major modification, it will comply with person (or persons under common control with such lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) for emissions of person) in the state which are subject to emission limita-the contaminants for which nonattainment has been tions are in compliance or on a schedule for compliance designated.
with applicable emission limitations and standards under (d) If the source is a major source and is located in an the Federal Clean Air Act.
area that is not in attainment for carbon monoxide or (4) Requirements for attainment areas. If the pro-ozone and the source will emit carbon monoxide or posed new source is located in an area that is in attain-volatile organic compounds, it is required that there be ment for all contaminants that would be emitted by the an analysis of alternative sites, sizes, and production source and the source is located in an ozone attainment processes and environmental control techniques for the area if the source would emit volatile organic com-proposed new source which demonstrates that benefits of pounds, the department or cognizant local authority the proposed new source significantly outweigh the envi-shall review notice (s) of construction, plans, specifica-ronmental and social costs imposed as a result of its tions, and other information associated therewith to location, construction, and modification. This analysis is determine that:
the r:sponsibility of the applicant, who may use an (a) The new source will be in accord with applicable environmental impact statement prepared under the federal and state regulations, including new source per-state (nvironmental pohey act or the national environ-formance standards (NSPS) and national emissions mental policy act as a source of information for this standards for hazardous air polh.tants (NESHAPS).
analysis.
(c) The proposed new source will not violate the (b) The project will use best available control technol-requirements for reasonable further progress established gy (BACT) for emissions control.
by the ;tte implementation plan. If the source is a (c) The proposed new source meets all the require-major source or the project is a major modif: cation, the ments of prevention of signWicant deterioration regula-total new baseline emissions from all sources existing at tions under WAC 173-40M80,in Washington and any the time of application for notice of construction plus the adjacent state.
new souce, of the contaminants for which nonattainment (d) The allowable cmissens from the proposed new has been designated, shall be no greater than the total facility will not delay the attainment date for an area not baseline emissions from existing sources, except that (i) in attainment. This requirement will be considered to be the department or cognizant local authority may require met if the impact at any location within a nonattainment that new total baseline emissions be reduced to less than area does not exceed the following levels:
existing total baseline emissions, as necessary to achieve air quality attainment goals states in an approval plan of Annual 24-flour 8-Hour 3-Hour 1-Hour attainment, and except that (ii) the emissions from the Pouutant Average Average Average Average Average proposed new source may be approved without an offset-0.5 mg/m' 8
CO 3
8 2 mg/m tmg reduction from existing sources if an adequate TSP l.0ug/m 5ug/m emissions growth allowance is included in an approved so, 3,o,gfm s us/m' 25us/m' 30 us/m' s
plan of attainment.The above requirements must be met by reducing baseline emissions from existing source (s).
(e) If the new source is a major source, the source Arrangements for such offsetting reduction (s) of base-shall undergo an impact analysis for visibility impair-line emissions must be made by the owner or operator of ment with respect to all areas in Washington and any the proposed new source. The proposed new source may adjacent state that are mandatory Class I areas per 40 0
Environment Reporter M
S-704 WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 541:0589 CFR 52.21(c). The impact analysis shall consist of the (v) The department may require pre-construction and/
n following procedures:
or post. construction visibility monitoring at the proposed (V
bility as an important attribute of any mandatory Class I
)
(i) If the land manager has officially designated visi-site or potentially affected area as part of the applicable regulatory order.
area, the owner or operator of the proposed new source (f) The proposed new source will not cause a violation shall demonstrate that the potential to emit any pollu-of any ambient air quality standard.
tant at a sigmficant emission rate, in conjunction with (8) An offsetting emissions reduction, issued per the emissions from any other new source permitted since WAC 173-403-050(3)(c), may be used to satisfy the January 1982, shall not cause or contribute to sigmficant requirements of (c), (d), (e), or (f) of this subsection, if visibility impairment of the Class I area.
d' (ii) Upon application for a notice of construction, the department shall notify the land manager of any poten-(5) Preliminary determination. Within thirty days tially affected mandatory Class I area. Such notification after receipt of all information required, the department must be made in writing and include a copy of all or cognizant local authority shalh information relevant to the application, including the (a) Make preliminary determinations on the matters information developed for (c) of this subsection. This set forth in WAC 173-403-050 (3) or (4), whichever is information shall be transmitted to the land manager applicable; and within thirty days of receipt of the application and at (b) Initiate compliance with the provisions of WAC least sixty days prior to public hearing on the application 173-403-110 relating to public notice and public com-for permit to construct.
ment, as applicable.
(iii) All estimates of visibility impacts required under (6) Final determination. If, after review of all infor-this section shall be based on the models on file with the mation received including public comment, the depart-department. Equivalent models may be substituted if ment or cognizant local authority finds that all the approved by the department of EPA.
conditions in WAC 173-403-050(3) or (4) ar satisfied, (iv) The results of the analysis must be sent to the whichever is applicable, the authority will issue a regula-affected land manager (s). The land manager (s) in the tory order to approve the notice of construction for the atfected mandatory Class I area (s) will review the re-proposed new source or modification.
sults. Frequency and time of impact, duration, geograph-(7) Portable sources. For portable sources which lo-ic extent, and intensity of the predicted impairment cate temporarily at particular sites, the owner or opera-would also be considered in this step. The land manag-tor shall be allowed to operate at the temporary location er(s) may demonstrate within thirty days following their without filing a notice of construction, providing that the
- Q receipt of the source's visibility impact analysis that owner or operator notifies the department or cognizant adverse impact on visibility in the Class I area would local authority of intent to operate at the new location at
'85"II-least thirty days prior to starting the operation, and If the department concurs with the demonstration, the supplies sufficient information to enable the department notice of construction for the proposed source will not be or cognizant local authority to determine that the oper-approved unless or until mitigating measures are devel-ation will comply with the emission standards for a new oped. If the department feels a land manager's demon-source, will not cause a violation of applicable ambient stration is not adequate, the department will determine air quality standards and, if in a nonattainment area, whether significant impairment of a mandatory Class I w 11 not interfere with scheduled attainment of ambient area would result. If the department determines it standards. The permission' to operate shall be for a would, approval for the proposed source will not be limited period of time, but in no case longer than one issued unless or until mitigating measures are developed.
year, and the department or cognizant local authority The land manager (s) or department may also demon-may set specific conditions for operation during said strate that the proposed source would cause impairment period. A temporary source shall be required to comply of any integral vista officially designated at least six with all applicable emissions standards, months prior to the proposed source's submission of a complete application. In determining whether a source (8) Commencement of construction. The owner or should be controlled to protect an integral vista, the operator of the new source shall not commence construc-department may take into account the time necessary for tion until the applicable notice of construction has been compliance, the energy and nonair quality environmen-approved.
tal impacts of compliance, and the useful life of the WAC173-403-060 BUBBLE RULES. (1) Applicabil-source.
ity. The owner (s) or operator (s) of any source (s) may o
I v
7-27-84 Pubhshed by rHE BUREAU OF NArlONAL AFFAIRS INC., Washmgton. O C. 20037 73
a, 541:0590 STATE AIR LAWS apply for a bubble for any contaminant regulated by (3) Jurisdiction. Whenever a bubble application in-state or federallaw for which the emission requirement volves emissions units, some of which and under the may be stated as an allowable limit in weight of contami-jurisdiction of the department and some of which are nant per unit time for the emissions units involved.
under the jurisdiction of a local authority, approval will (2) Conditions. A bubble may be authorized provided require concurrence by to:h authorities. The new emis-the following conditions have been demonstrated to the sion limits for each emissicns unit will be enforced by the satisfaction of the department or cognizant local authority of original jurisdiction.
authority.
(4) Additional information. Within thirty days, after (a) The contaminants exchanged must be of the same the receipt of a bubble application and all supporting type, that is, particulates for particulates, sulfur dioxide data and documentation, the department or cognizant for sulfur dioxide, etc.
local authority may require the submission of additional (b) The bubble will not interfere with the attainment information needed to review the application.
and maintenance of air quality standards.
(5) Approval. Within thirty days after all the required (c) The bubble will not result in a delay in compliance information has been received, the department or cogni-by any source, nor a delay in any existing enforcement zant local authority shall approve or deny the applica-action.
tion, based on a finding that conditions in subsection (d) The bubble will not supersede NSPS, NESHAPS, (2)(a) through (j) of this section have been satisfied or BACT, or LAER. The emissions of hazardous (NESHAPS) not. If the application is approved, a regulatory order or contaminants shall not be increased equivalent document shall be issued which includes new (e) The bubble will not result in an increase in the allowable emissions expressed in weight of pollutant per sum of actual emission rates of the contaminant involved unit time for each emissions unit involved in the applica-from the emissions units involved.
tion. The order or equivalent document must include all (f) A bubble may not be authorized for opacity per se.
requirements necessary to assure that conditions in sub-If the emission limit far particulates for a given emis-section (2)(a) through (j) of this section will be satisfied.
sions unit is increased as part of a bubble, the opacity If the bubble depends in whole or in part upon the limit for the given emissions unit may be increased shutdown of equipment, the regulatory order or equiv-subject to the following limitations:
alent document must prohibit the operation of the afTect-(i) The new opacity limit shall be specific for the given ed equipment.
emissions unit:
WAC 173-403-070 ISSUANCE OF EMISSION RE-(ii) The new opacity limit shall be consistent with the DUCTION CREDITS. (1) Applicability. The owner or new particulates limit; operator of any source may apply to the department or (iii) An opacity greater than sixty percent shall never cognizant local authority for an emission reduction cred-be authorized; it (ERC) if the source proposes to reduce its actual (iv) If the given emissions unit is a major emissions emissions rate for any contaminant regulated by state or unit, the opacity shall be monitored continuously, federal law for which the emission requirement may be (g) The emission limits of the bubble are equivalent to stated as an allowable limit in weight of contaminant per existing limits in enforceability.
unit time for the emissions unit (s) involved.
(h) Concurrently with or prior to the authorization of (2) Time of application. The application for an ERC a bubble, each affected source shall receive (have re-must be made prior to or within one hundred eighty days ceived) a regulatory order that establishes total allowa-after the emission reduction has been accomplished, ble emissions from the source of the contaminant being except that within one hundred eighty days after the bubbled, expressed as weight of the contaminant per unit adoption of this regulation, an ERC application may be time. The new total allowable emissions shall be consid-made for an emission reduction which took place be-cred RACT.
tween April 1,1980, and the date of adoption of this (i) There will be no net adverse impact upon air regulation.
quality from the establishment of new emission require-(3) Conditions. An ERC may be authorized provided ments for a specific source or emissions unit. Determina-the following coaditions have been demonstrated to the tion of net adverse impact shall include but not be satisfaction of the department or cognizant local limited to public perception of opacity and public per-authority.
ception of odorous contaminants.
(a) The quantity of emissions in the ERC shall be no (j) Specific situations may require additional demon-greater than the old al!owable emissions rate or the old stration as requested by the department or cognizant actual emissions rate, whichever is the lesser, minus the local authority, new allowable emissions rate.
Enwonment Reporter 74
S-7a4 WASHINGTON AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS 541:0591 (b) The ERC application must include a description used to satisfy the requirements for authorization of a m
of all the changes that are required to accomplish the bubble under WAC 173-403-060, as a part of a determi-claimed emissions reduction, such as, new control equip-nation of " net emissions increase," as an offsetting (s
ment, process modifications, limitation of hours of oper-reduction to satisfy the requirements for new source ation, permanent shutdown or equipment, specified con-review per WAC 173-403-050(3)(c), to satisfy require-trol practices, etc.
ments for PSD review per WAC 173-403-050(4)(c), or (c) The ERC must be large enough so as to be readily to satisfy requirements for visibility revier per WAC quantifiable in relation to the source strength of the 173-403-050(4)(c).
emissions unit (s) involved, 'out in no case shall the ERC (2) Surrender of ERC certificate. When an ERC is be for less than one ton per year, used under subsection (1) of this section, the certificate (d) No part of the emission reductions claimed for for the ERC must be surrendered to the issuing author-credit shall have been used as part of a determination of ity. If only a portion of the ERC is used, the amended net emission increase, nor as part of an offsetting trans-certificate will be returned to the owner.
action under WAC 173-403-050(3)(c), nor as part of a (3) Conditions of use. An ERC may be used only for bubble transaction under WAC 173-403-060, nor t the contaminant (s) for which it was issued. The depart-satisfy NSPS, BACT, or LAER.
ment or cognizant local authority may impose additional (e) Concurrently with or prior to the authorization of conditions of use to account for temporal and spatial an ERC, the applicant shall receive (have received) a differences between the emissions unit (s) that generated regulatory order that establishes total allowable emis-the ERC and the emissions unit (s) that use the ERC.
sions from the source of the contaminant for which the (4) Sale of an ERC. An ERC may be sold or other-ERC is requested, expressed as weight of contaminant per unit time. The new allowable emissions shall be wise transferred to a person other than the person to considered RACT.
whom it was originally issued. Within thirty days after (4) Additional information. Within thirty days after the transfer of ownership, the certificate must be surren-the receipt of an ERC application and all supporting dered to the issuing authority. After receiving the certifi-data and documentation, the department or cognizant cate, the issuing authority shall reissue the certificate to the new owner.
local authority may require the submission of additional information needed to review the application.
(5) Time of use. An unused ERC and any unused (5) Approval. Within thirty days after all the required portion thereof shall expire ten years after date of information has been received, the department or cogni-ong nal issue.
/m) zant local authority shall approve or deny the applica-(6) D,scount due to change in SIP. If reductions in i
(~/
tion, based on a finding that conditions in subsection emissions beyond those identified in the state implemen-l (3)(a) through (e) of this section have been satisfied or tation plan are required to meet an ambient air quality
(
not. If the application is approved, the department or standard,if the standard cannot be met through controls
(
cognizant local authority shall:
on operating sources, and if the plan must be revised, an (a) Issue a regulatory order or equivalent document to ERC may be discounted by the department or cognizant assure that the emissions from the source will not exceed local authority after public involvement per WAC 173-the proposed new allowable emission rate (s) claimed in 403-110. Any such discount shall not exceed the percent-the ERC application, expressed as weight of pollutant age of additional emission reduction needed to reach per unit time. The regulatory order or equivalent docu, attainment.
I ment must include all requirements that are necessary to WAC 173-403-080 PREVENTION OF SIGNIFI-provide such assurance. If the ERC depends in whole or CANT DETERIORATION (PSD). Section 40 CFR in part upon the shutdown or equipment, the regulatory 52.21, Subparts (b), (c), (d), (e). (f), (g), (h), (i), (j),
order or equivalent document must prohibit the startup (k), (I), (m), (n), (o), (p), (r), (t), (v), and (w), Preven-of the affected equipment; and, tion of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality, as in (b) Issue a certificate of emission reduction credit.
effect on July 1,1982, are herein incorporated by refer-The certificate shall specify the issue date, the contami.
ence with the following additions and modifications:
nant(s) involved, the nonattainment area involved, if (1) Construction of " administrator." In 40 CFR applicable, to what extent the ERC results from the 52.21(b)(17), federally enforceable, (f)(1)(v), (f)(3),
shutdown or curtailment of an emissions unit, and the and (f)(4)(i), exclusions from increment consumption, person to whom the certificate is issued.
(g), redesignation, (t)(2), air quality models, and (t),
WAC 173-403-075 USE OF EMISSION REDUC-disputed permits or redesignations, the word "adminis-T!ON CREDITS. (1) Permissible use. An ERC may be trator" shall be construed in its original meaning. In all A
l
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7-27-84 Pubhshed by THE BUREAU oF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC., Wastungton. O C. 20o37 1s
541:0592 STATE AIR LAWS other cases, the word " administrator" shall be construed approval or denial or any of the following types of to mean the director of the department.
applications or other actions:
(2) Contemporaneous. Subpart 40 CFR (a) Notice of construction for any new or modified 52.21(b)(3)(ii) is changed to read: "An increase or source or emissions unit, the approval of which would decrease in actual emissions is contemporaneous with result in a net significant emissions increase for any the increase from the particular change only if it occurs pollutant regulated by state or federal law; or at the same time or within one year prior to the change, (b) Any application or other proposed action for or if a decrease has been documented by an emission which a public hearing is required by EPA prevention of reduction credit."
significant deterioration rules; or (3) Public participation. Subpart 40 CFR 52.24(q)
(c) Any order to determine reasonably available con-public participation, as in effect July 1,1982,is hereby trol technology; or incorporated by reference, with the following (d) An order to establish a compliance schedule or a modifications:
variance; or (a) In 40 CFR 52.24(q)(2)(iv), the word "administra-
- "**"I *"** " * * *"I "I tor" shall be construed in its original meaning.
(b) In 40 CFR 52.24(q)(1), the phrase "specified time period shall mean thirty days.
(
An approval of a study to demonstrate good (4) List of Class I areas. The following areas are the engineering practice for a stack; or (E) An order to authorize a bubble; or Class I areas m, Washington state as of January 1,1983:
Mount Rainer National Park (h) Any application or other proposed action made North Cascade National Park Pursuant to this chapter m which there is a substantial Olympic National Park Pubhc interest according to the discretion of the depart-Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area ment or cognizant local authority.
Glacier Peak Wilderness Area (2) Public notice. Public notice shall be made only Goat Pocks Wilderness Area after all information required by the department or Mount Adams Wilderness Area cognizant local authority has been submitted and after Pasayten Wilderness Area.
applicable preliminary determmations, if any, have been made. The cost of providing public notice shall be borne WAC 173-403-100 COMPLIANCE SCHEDULES.
by the applicant or other initiator of the action. Public (1) Issuance. Whenever a source is found to be in notice shall include:
violation of an emission standard or other provision of (a) Availability for public inspection in at least one this chapter, the department or cognizant local authority location near the proposed project, of the nonproprietary may issue a regulatory order requiring that the source be information submitted by the applicant and of any brought into compliance within a specified time. The applicable preliminary determinations, including analy-order shall contain a schedule for installation, with ses of the effect on air quality, intermediate benchmark dates and a final completion (b) Publication in a newspaper of general circulation date, and shall constitute a compliance schedule. Re-in the area of the proposed project of notice.
quirements for public invcivement pursuant to WAC (i) Giving a brief description of the proposal:
173-403-110 must be met.
(ii) Advising of the location of the documents made (2) Federal action. A source shall be considered to be available for public inspection; in compliance with this chapter if all the provisions ofits (iii) Advising of a thirty day period for submitting individual compliance schedule included with a regula.
written comment to the department or cognizant local tory order are being met. Such compliance does not authority; preclude federal enforcement action by the EPA until (iv) Advising that a public hearing may be held if the and unless the schedule is submitted and adopted as an department or cognizant local authority determine with-amendment to the state implementation plan.
in a thirty-day period that there is a significant public interest.
(3) Delayed compliance penalties. Sources on a com-pliance schedule but not meeting emissions standards (3) Public comment. No final decision on any applica-maybe subject to delayed compliance penalties as pro-tion or action of any of the types described in subsection vided in the Federal Clean Air Act, (1) of this section, shall be made until the public com-ment period has ended and any comments received have WAC I73-403-110 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT. (1) been considered. Unless a public hearing is held, the Applicability. Public notice shall be provided prior to the public comment period shall be the thirty-day period for j
i I
O Envwonment Reporter 76
S 4 04 WASHINGTON NR POLI.UTION REGULATIONS 541:0593 I
written comment published as provided above. If a WAC 173-403-140 USE OF DISPERSION TECH-l public hearing is held the public comment period shall NIQUES. The degree of emission limitation required for extend through the hearing date and thereafter for such
- control of any pollutant shall not be affected in any period, if any, as the notice of public hearing may manner by any dispersion technique, except as follows:
specify..
(1) Grandfather clause. An emissions unit which uti-(4)Public hearings. The applicant, anyinterested gov-lizes a stack of any height on which construction was crnmental entity, any group or any person may request a commenced prior to December 31,1970, or which uti-public hearing within the thirty < lay period published as lizes any other dispersion technique (s) which was imple-i above. Any such request shallindicate the interest of the mented prior to December 31,1970, shall be allowed to i
entity niing it and why a hearing is warranted. The use such stack height or other dispersion technique (s) i department or cognizant local authority may, in its approved by the department or cognizant local authority discretion, hold a public hearing if it determines there is to comply with any provisions of the state implementa-i-
a signincant public interest. Any such hearing shall be tion plan.
held upon such notice and at such time and place as the (2) Reheating. Reheating of a gas stream following i
department or cognizant local ~ authority deems the use of a pollution control system shall be allowed as a reasonable.
means of complying with the state implementation plan.
1 (5) Other requirements of law. Whenever other proce-(3) Management. Smoke management in an agricul -
dures permitted or mandated by law accomplish the tural or silvicultural program shall be allowed as a objectives of public notice and opportunity for comment -
means of complying with the state implementation plan.
served by this section, such procedures may be used in (4) Combining streams. Combining exhaust gases lieu of the provisions of this section.
from several stacks into one stack shall be allowed as a 4
(6) Public information. Copies of notices of construc-means of complying with the state implementation plan.
j tion, orders,and modincations thereof, not declared con-(5) No height limitation. WAC 173-403-140 shall fidential by the applicant, which are issued hereunder not be construed to limit the height of a stack that may 1
shall be available for public inspection on request at the be used to discharge a pollutant into the atmosphere.
department or cognizant local authority.
WAC 173-403-150 MAINTENANCE OF PAY.
i WAC 173-403-120 VARIANCE. Any person who Any source which uses a supplemental or intermittent owns or is in control of a plant, building, structure, control system for the purpose of meeting the require-i establishment, process, or equipment may apply to the ments of Section 123, Section ll3(d), or Section 119 of department for a variance from provisions of this chap-the Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, shall not tempo-ter governing the quality, nature, duration, or extent of rarily reduce the. pay of any employee because of the use discharges of air contaminants in accordance with the of the supplemental or intermittent or other dispersion.
provisions of RCW 70.94.181.
dependent control system (s).
i (1) Jurisdiction.. Sources in any area over which a WAC 173-403-160 REQUIREMENTS FOR-l local air pollution control authority has junsdiction shall BOARDS AND DIRECTOR. (1) Public interest. A make application to the said authority rather than the majority of the members of any local air pollution department. The department or local authority may control authority board shall represent the public inter.
grant such vanance, but only after pubhc involvement est. A majority of the members of such boards, and the WAC 173-403-110.
director, shall not derive any significant portion of their (2) Full faith and credit. Variances granted by a local respective incomes from persons subject to enforcement authority for sources under their junsdiction will be orders pursuant to the state and federal clean air acts.
accepted as variances to this regulation.
An elected public official and the director shall be (3) EPA concurrence. No vanance or renewal shall be presumed to represent the public interest. In the event construed to set aside or delay any requirements of the that a director derives a significant portion of his income 1
Federal Clean Air Act except with the approval and from persons subject to enforcement orders, he shall wntten concurrence of the Federal Environmental Pro-g-
delegate sole responsibility for administration of any tection Agency.
part of the program which involves these persons to the i
l WAC 173-403-130 REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-deputy director or an assistant director, as appropriate.
4 ATTAINMENT AREAS. The development of specific (2) Disclosure. Each member of any local board and requirements for nonattainment areas shall include con-the director shall adequately disclose any potential con-sultation with local government in the area and shall flict of interest in any matter prior to any action or j
include public involvement per WAC 173-403-110.
consideration thereon, and the member or director shall I
l 10-84 Put*shed ty THE OUAEAU OF NAflONAL AFFAIRS INC.. Washmgton. D C. 20037 r7 i
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9 ATTACHMENT //3 BURN PERMIT
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ATTACHMENT #4 INCINERATOR PERMIT j
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BENTON FRANKLIN. WALLA WALLA COUNTIES AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AUTHORITY 650 George Washington Way RECE!VED Richland, Washington 99352 509 946-4489 NOV -61986
" ' * * @'SmG In the matter of approving a permit for Exxon Nuclear to construct and operate a cumbustible waste incin-erator.
Whereas:
Exxon Nuclear has applied for a permit to construct and operate a combustible waste incinerator, and Whereas: a public meeting was held on October 20, 1986 to consider such matter - said hearing having been duly advertised, and Whereas: No one appeared to oppose Exxon Nuclear's application, and Whereas: The Air Pollution Control Officer, Mr. Philip Cooke, a profes-sional engineer, after careful review of Exxon Nuclear's app-lication
, reccommended that the application be approved sub-ject to conditions set forth in the application, and Whereas: The specifications and application have also been reviewed by the air programs section of the Washi'ngton Department of Ecol-ogy who concur in the control officer's evaluations, Now therefore be it resolved that Exxon Nuclear be allowed to construct and operate said waste it.cencrator subject to the conditions and plans set forth in the application.
This resolution was adopted unanamously by the board as entered in the minutes.
/
J./. Cooke, P.E.
Control Officer 9
9
O 5
y ATTACHMENT #5 EFFLUENT DATA THROUGH 1986 6
.o XN-NF-l 4, Rev.,2 Page B-!
APPENDIX B Table i
Goseous Effluent Dato 2
Liquid Effluent (Sewer) Dato 3
Environmental Sampling Data Well I
Data for Test Well //l 2
Data for Test Well //2 3
Data for Test Well //3 4
Data for Test Well //4 5
Data for Test Well //5 6
Data for Test Well //6 7
Data for Test Well //7 9
Data for Test Well //9 ll Data for Test Well //11 12 Data for Test Well //12 13 Data for Test Well //13 14 Data for Test Well //14 15 Data for Test Well //15 16 Data for Test Well //16 19 Data for Test Well //19 20 Data for Test Well //20 21 Data for Test Well //21
i i
XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 '
Page B-2 l
Table I Gaseous Effluent Data Microcuries Maximum Fluoride (ppm)
Year U
Pu FP K3 K9 KIO K31 K32 1981
<20'
<0.1 0.06' O.03 0.02 0.10
~'
1982
<22
<0.1 0.07 1.87 18.60- -0.02 0.11 1983
<24
<0.1 0.03 1.31 3.70 7.68 2.38 1984(I)
<7
<0.1 0.07 0.45 1.60 0.01 0.12 1985
<l5
<0.02(2)
< 2.88 0.02 0.12 21.99 0.01 0.69 l986
<l7 0.0
< 2.8 0.04 0.28 0.53 0.02 0.25 I
There was a reduction in total exhaust when some of the building exhaust systems were shutdown for maintenance during -~the July-August 1984 furlough.
2 Reported only for the first half of the year.
i' XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-3 Table 2 Liqui Effluent (Sewer) Data Limit Lim,t-Daily Dol. t Daily Dolly Porometer Avg.
Me..
Year Avg.
Mox.
1981 3.6 E+5 4.2 E+5 Flow (gol) 5 E+5 5 'I+5 1982 2.6 E+5 3.4 E+5 1983 2.4 E+5 4.1 E+5 1984 2.8 E+5 3.5 E+5 1985 3.9 E+5 4.5 E+5 1986 2.8 E+5 -
3.8 E+5 NH3 os N (mg/l) 25
~30 1981 3.6 17.2 1982 3.7 34.6 1983 5.3 28.8 1984 4.0 26.3 1985 9.5 22.2 1986 3.4 17.1 1981 NO3 as N (Ib/d) 600 700 1982 1983 40 239 1984 64 149 1985 341 593 1986 190 570 Suspend Solids 300 600 1981 (mg/l) 1982 1983 12 65 1984 12 65 1985 70 63 1986 61 131 pH > 5 1982 7.6 10.
~
1983 7.8 11.
1984 8.2 10.2 1985 10.2 11.
~
1986 9.0 I l.0 Fluoride mg/l 1982 6.3 44 1983 4.0 21 1984 28
!49 Fluoride Ibs/d(l) 2500 3500 1985 1215 2204 1986 805 2209 I
Change in un,s due to revision of state discharge permit.
i a
1 XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-4 Table 2 Liquid Effluent (Sewer) Data (Cont.d)
Parameter Limit Year Yearly Total 1981
<0.085 Uranium (Ci?
1.0 Ci/ year 1982
<0.080 1983
<0.093(2) 1984
<0.068 1985
<0.080 1986
<0.060 I
t 2
Thorium was identified as an ef fluent of the.ELO Gadolinia Separations operation, approximately 0.47 curies of Thorium-234 and Protactinium-234 were discharged in adol. tion to the uranium.
4
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i XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-5 1
Table 3 Environmental Sampling Dato
- 12
- ll Station Station Station Station Station Station No. I No.2 No. 3(o) No. 4(o) No. - 5(b) No. 6(b)
Type of Sompte Soil Soil Air Air Forage Foroge Frequency Otr Otr Mo.
Mo.
Mo.(c)
Mo.(c)
Otr Avg Otr Avg Otr Avg Otr Avg Units Yr/Otr U (ppm) U (ppm) F (ppb)
F (ppb)
F (ppm) F (ppm) 81-1 0.17 0.13 7.6 4
81-2 0.5 0.4 0.26 0.25 0.52 14.0
+
8I-3 0.4 0.4 0.08 0.08 3.6 12.0 8l-4 2.0 0.3 0.04 0.05 17.0 82-1 0.2 0.11 0.06 0.06 82-2 0.2 0.2 0.26 0.19 10.3 24.0 82-3
<0.1 6.0 0.23 0.23 6.3 25.0 82-4 0.05 0.06 10.2 83-1 0.04 0.05 11.3 7.8 83-2
<0.7 0.4 0.17 0.12 7.5 83-3 1.0 4.9 0.09 0.07 7.0 17.9 t
i 83-4
<0.3 0.4 0.05 0.04 3.0 14.0 84-1 0.7 2.0 0.13
- 0. l l 84-2 8.6 1.2 0.08 0.07
.8.0 8.5 84-3 0.06 0.06 12.0 84-4 0.7 2.6 0.10 0.09
. 4.2 -
2.4 -
85-l 8.0 1.0 0.09 0.06 85-2 0.2 0.5
- 0. I 9
- 0. I 3 2.5 -
2.9-85-3 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.07 85-4 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.14 i
86-l 2.3 0.3 0.07 0.07 i
86-2 2.3 0.3 0.05 0.09 3.3 3.3 86-3 1.2 0.9 0.10 0.09 5.7 4.2 86-4 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.06 8.4 8.5 Limit 19 @ 3 w/o(d) 0.5(e) 40(f)
(a) Data prior to 6/84 ore from Stations 12 and lI, respectively.
(b) Data prior to 6/84 'are from Stations 11. and 12, respectively.
(c) During growing season only (April-October).
l (d) EPA occeptable level, 30 pico Ci/gm.
I-(e) WAC 18-48-130 (f) WAC 18-48-120 r
...,..m.-,.
e, XN-NF-14. Rev. 2 Page B-6 WELL #1 U
Alpha Beta F
NO3 NH3 Yr/Gir ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm ppm p_pm pH 81/1
<0.1 5.2 68 72 81/2
< 0.1 5.1 79 81 81/3
<0.1 7.6 38 26 81/4
< 0.1 I l.2 27 30 82/I
< 0.1 17l 21.8 72 73 82/2
< 0.1 9.7 63 94 82/3
<0.1 6.0 49 107 82/4
< 0.1 11.7 81 108 83/l
< 0.1 4.0 c9 72 83/2
<0. I 6.0 81 69 83/3
<0.I 4.8 60 35 83/4
<0.I 2.9 52 46 84/l
< 0.1 3.8 52 49 84/2 24.4 24.4 4.0 84/3 8.7 46.4 5.0 53 29 84/4 9.9 91.7 4.0 85/I -
l1.I 55.6 4.0 7I 90 8.2 85/2 12.I 29.2 2.0 85/3 8.0 18.0 2.9 64 7.8 85/4 42.4 30.4 6.2 86/1 22.1 17.4 3.
46 20 7.9 86/2 19.1 24.8 2.6 86/3 12.8 15.8 3
42 19 7.8 86/4 52.6 23.2 5
,a XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-7 WELL #2 U
Alpha Beto F
NO3 NH3 Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L
' ppm ppm ppm pH 81/l
<0.1 14.0 34 145 81/2
< 0.1 9.7 65 147 8i/3
<0.1 7.0 42 85 8i/4
<0.I 6.5 18 85 R7/I
<n. I' 144 I 8.9 34 99 82/2
< 0.1
! I.6 37 114 82/3
<0.1 7.t 33 102 82/4
<0. I 8.0 39 29 93/l
<0.1 8.5 65 163 83/2
< 0.1 3.3 57 108 83/3
<0.1 4.5 18 55 83/4
<0.1 4.1 6
46 84/I
<0. I 7.6 44 60 84/2 148 77.6 7.2 84/3 131 61.1 7.0 43 36 84/4 III 68.1 7.0 85/l 91.1 70.1 7.5 57 82 7.2 85/2 281.0 87.3 4.0 85/3 98.3 50.3 8.4 69 7
85/4 86.2 38.2 5.2 86/l 22.1 17.4 3.
38 2
7.5 86/2 38.5 27.3 5.8 86/3 58.6 33.7 8
34 43 7.9 86/4 34.8 30.1 4
e, XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-8 WELL //3 U
Alpha Beto F
Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/1
<0.1 0.92 81/2
<0.1 0.80 8I/3
<0.1 0.54 81/4
<0.1 0.46 82/I
<0.1 58 0.52 82/2
< 0.1 0.81 82/3
< 0.1 0.56 82/4
< 0. l 0.40 83/I
< 0.1 1.30 83/2
< 0.1 0.65 83/3
< 0.1 0.4I 83/4
<0. i 0.45 84/!
<0.1 0.46 84/2 5.I 40.6 0.50 84/3 5.6 I 9.9 1.00 84/4 I l.6 31.7 6.00 85/I I 9.8 48.5 0.80 05/2 44.1 24.5 1.50 85/3 9.2 22.4 0.50 85/4 6.6 28.2 0.48 86/I 3.8 17.2 0.4 86/2 8.3 27.3 0.5 86/3 6.I 41.6 0.5 86/4 2.6 14.7 0.5
).
XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-9 WELL #4 U
Alpha Beta F
Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/1 0.83 81/2 0.63 81/3 0.68 81/4 0.65 82/1 0.45 82/2 0.67 82/3 0.39 82/4
< 0.1 0.43 83/l
< 0. 8 0.91 83/2
< 0.1 0.37 83/3
<0.1 0.36 83/4
< 0.1 0.42 84/l
<0.1 0.35 84/2 46.4 28.6 0.40 84/3 5.0 26.2 0.70 84/4 7.1 26.7 0.50 85/I' 6.9 29.1 0.70 85/2 9.9 33.I 2.00 85/3 7.6 I 9.5 0.50 85/4 3.9 l 9.8 0.45 86/I 4.2 18.9 0.4 86/2 7.3 19.4 0.4 86/3 4.8 41.8 1.0 86/4 2.3 13.8 0.5
XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-10 WELL #5 U
Alpha Beta F
Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/l 0.51 81/2 0.28 81/3 0.29 81/4 0.31 82/I 0.27 82/2 0.60 82/3 0.27 82/4
<0.1 0.4I 83/I
<0.1 0.85 83/2
<0.1 0.40 83/3
< 0.1 0.28 83/4
<0.1 0.28 84/I
<0. I 0.35 84/2 3.2 32.9 0.45 84/3 3.3 28.8 14.0 84/4 1.8 5.54 0.30 85/I 7.8 38.9 0.40 85/2 1.4 10.7 0.50 85/3 0.2 10.4 0.30 85/4 0.03 8.8 0.21 86/I l.6 7.4 0.2 86/2 0.23 6.5 0.2 86/3 1.69 8.9 0.7 86/4 0.05 7.3 0.4
N '.
,3 XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-lI WELL #6 U
Alpha Beto F
Yr/Qtr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/1 0.51 81/2 0.54 81/3 0.25 81/4 0.33 82/1 0.53 82/2 0.49 82/3 0.30 82/4
<0.1 0.34 83/l
<0.1 0.83 83/2
<0.1 4.80 83/3
< 0.1 0.30 83/4
<0.1 0.40 84/l
< 0.1 0.39 84/2 8.3 19.7 0.60 84/3 3.4 9.0 0.40 84/4 4.4 27.2 0.30 85/l 8.8 23.1 0.80 85/2 6.7 14.6 1.30 85/3 0.I i 1.0 0.50 85/4 5.4 14.3 0.30 86/l 2.5 12.
0.2 86/2 2.5 8.1 0.2 86/3 2.4 l 1.5 0.3 86/4 2.2 Il.3 0.3
XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-12 WELL #7 U
Alpha Beta F
Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/1 0.39 81/2 0.28 81/3 0.35 81/4 0.38 82/l 0.42 82/2 0.48 82/3 0.31 82/4
<0.1 0.37 83/l
<0.1 1.53 83/2
< 0.1 0.50 83/3
< 0.1 0.33 83/4
< 0.1 0.40 84/l
<0.1 O.39 84/2 2.2 5.1 0.47 84/3 2.6 4.5 0.70 84/4 3.1 5.7 0.40 85/I 3.2 5.0 0.70 85/2 3.9 5.9 0.70 85/3 2.0 7.0 0.30 85/4 2.0 5.3 0.30 86/I 0.8 4.7 0.3 86/2 0.92 5.0 0.2 86/3 0.27 5.9 0.2 86/4 0.79 4.6 0.4
XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-13 WELL #9 U
Alpha Beta F
NO3 NH3 Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm ppm ppm pH 81/1 75 193 81/2 75 129 81/3 40 112 81/4 37 90 82/l 390 47 107 82/2 64 164 82/3 53 131 82/4
< 0.1 56 130 83/l
<0.1 58 132 83/2
<0.1 67 120 83/3
<0.1 48 96 83/4
<0.1 II 95 84/l
<0.1 21 105 84/2
<0.1 84/3 109.0 47.0 86 178 84/4 85/I I 7.4 73.8 94 84 8.0 85/2 85/3 69.4 36.3 75 14 8.3 85/4 86/i 80.2 39.7 59 92 8.2 86/2 86/3 49.5 44.7 1.0 68 70 7.9 86/4
XN-NF-14,- Rev. 2 Page B-14 WELL #Ii 6
U Alpha Beto F
Yr/Otr-ppm pCi/L pCi/L' ppm i
81/1 0.51 81/2 0.46 81/3 0.38 81/4 0.38 82/I 0.45 82/2 0.62 i
82/3 0.37 82/4
< 0.1 0.43 83/I
<0.1 0.62 i
83/2
<0.1
- 0.50 ~
a 83/3
<0.1 0.42; 83/4
< 0.1
~
0.43 84/l
<0.1 0.34 84/2.
l.3
.7.5 0.38 i
84.'3 2.I 5.0.
0.70 84/4 4.3 5.0 0.40 85/1 3.9 9.0 1.00 85/2 4.6 9.1 0.60 85/3 0.I 6.6 0.30 85/4 2.7 3.9 0.30 l
86/I 0.3 5.!
0.3 86/2 02 4.9 0.2 86/3 2.5 6.9 0.3 86/4 1.4 5.0 0.3.
i 1
l
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4 I
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XN-NF-14, Rev. - 2 Page B-15 g
4 WELL #12 4
U Alpha Beto F
Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/I 0.60-81/2 0.39
'81/3 0.39
}
8l/4 0.40 3
82/l.
0.49 l
82/2 0.65 82/3 0.40 82/4
< 0.1 0.33 83/I
<0. l 0.6 l 83/2
< 0.1 0.55 83/3
< 0.' l 0.35 83/4
< 0.1 0.57 84/I
<0.1 0.4 I 84/2 7.I 7.0 3.00 1-84/3 0.8 8.3 0.60 j
84/4 1.8 5.0 0.40 85/l 0.2 7.3 1.00 85/2 2.6 6.7 1.00 85/3 3.7 4.0 0.30 i
85/4 1.0 6.7 0.23
,1 l
86/I 2.6 4.8 0.2 86/2 4.5 6.7 0.3 86/3 3.25 6.I6
. 0.4 4
86/4 0.I5 6.7 0.3 0
4 4
I l
YN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-16 WELL #13 U
Alpha Beta F
NO3 NH3 Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm ppm ppm pH 81/1 0.35 2.6 0.19 81/2 0.27 3.2 0.02 81/3 0.55 2.1 0.19 81/4 0.38 1.4 0.53 82/I 0.29 2.5 0.33 82/2 0.46 3.I
- 0. I 2 82/3 0.38 1.4 0.16 82/4
<0.1 0.25 0.8 0.22 83/I
<0.1 0.41 3.5 0.10 83/2
<0.1 0.45 4.4 0.90 83/3 (0.1 0.39 1.6 0.35 83/4
< 0.1 0.60 1.3 0.67 84/I
< 0.1 0.34 2.8 0.11 84/2 2.1 0.5 0.47 84/3 2.6 0.7 0.70 2.7 0.I6 84/4 3.1 1.9 85/I 4.3 6.9 1.00 10.2 0.74 8.0 85/2 3.0 5.6 0.30 85/3 1.6 3.5 0.30 5.6 8.0 85/4 1.8 6.6 0.30 86/1 1.1 4.0 0.3 5.6 1.4 8.0 86/2 2.4 4.2 0.3 86/3 1.4 4.92 0.4 3.4 1.9 7.9 86/4 l
l l
XN-NF-l 4, Rev. 2 Page B-17 WELL #14 U
Alpha Beta F
NO3 NH3 Yr/Qtr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm ppm ppm pH 81/l 53 71 81/2 77 43 81/3 34 58 81/4 21 84 82/1 67 40 86 82/2 37 IIi 82/3 51 170 82/4
<0.1 65 72 83/l
<0.1 68 84 83/2
<0.1 68 85 83/3
< 0.1 52 148 83/4
<0.1 41 71 84/l
<0.1 75 120 84/2 84/3 25.0 18.0 64 77 84/4 85/1 7.8 25.4 46 38 7.0 85/2 85/3 55.0 23.0 49 7.3 85/4 86/1 59.0 29.8 52 9
7.4 86/2 86/3 65 27.9 6
49 8.5 7.6 86/4 O
XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-18 WELL #15 U
Alpha Beta F
NO3 NH3 Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm ppm ppm pH 81/1 80 225 81/2 65 123 81/3 39 134 81/4 22 129 82/1 230 46 101 82/2 61 123 82/3 41 135 82/4
< 0.1 31 160 83/1
<0.1 54 94 83/2
<0.1 51 90 83/3
<0.1 ll 69 83/4
< 0.1 39 87 84/l
< 0.1 64 73 84/2 84/3 88.0 52.0 53 122 84/4 85/l 82.2 80.1 85 100 7.5 85/2 85/3 29.0 34.0 49 7.1 85/4 86/l 71 46.2 56 73 7.7 86/2 86/3 46.3 49.1 13 33.9 101 8
86/4
. /
XN-NF-14,' Rev. 2 '
Page B-19 WELL #16 U
Alpha Beto F.
NO.
NH3 3
Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L -
-pCi/L ppm ppm ppm :
pH 81/l 81/2 81/3 81/4 82/l 82/2 82/3 24 43 82/4
<0.1 13 72 83/l
< 0.1 4.1 39.
i 83/2
<0.1 -
0.90 32 83/3
< 0.1 1.2 43 l
83/4
< 0.1 1.5 38 84/l
< 0.1 1.4
.33 84/2 84/3 2.3 10.0 1.4 54 1
l 84/4 85/I 4.9 20.0 1.8
'44 8.6 85/2 4
85/3 0.9 11.5 1.1 8.8 85/4 86/I 0.86 13.7 1.4 22' 8.4 86/2 86/3 0.8 10.4
- 9 1.4 -
34 8.8 i
84/4 i
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-e c XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-20 WELL #19 i
U.
- Alpha Beta
.F Yr/Otr ppm -
pCi/L pCi/L ppm i
81/l 81/2 l
81/3 81/4 9
82/I 82/2 82/3 82/4
< 0.1 0.46 83/I
< 0.1 1.70 83/2
<0.1 0.55 83/3
< 0.1 0.40 83/4
<0.1 0.55 84/I
<0.1 0.43 84/2 4.2 5.5 3.00 84/3 2.8 5.0 2.00 j
84/4 1.0 4.4 0.30 l
85/I 4.9 9.3 1.50 i
85/2 4.1
' 19.1 2.00 85/3 4.5 19.0 0,20 4
85/4.
4.0 I l.5 -
0.24
{
86/I l.2 5.3 -
0.3 86/2 2.2 8.2 0.3 86/3 2.2 13.6 0.4 86/4 1.5 7.2
- 0.4 l
l.
4 4
l e'
XN-NF-14, Rev. 2 Page B-21 WELL #20 U
Alpha Beto F
Yr/Qtr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/1 81/2 81/3 81/4 82/l 82/2 82/3 82/4
< 0.1 0.35 83/I
<0.1 0.50 83/2
<0.1 0.50 83/3
<0.1 0.35 83/4
<0. I 0.4 I 84/l
< 0.1 0.37 84/2 2.2 4.8 1.00 84/3 0.8 3.2 1.00 84/4 1.5 5.9 0.40 85/I 3.8 l 1.0 1.00 85/2 2.4 19.2 0.70 85/3 2.8 8.9 0.30 85/4 3.I 4.1 0.30 86/I l.7 6.2 0.3 86/2 3.8 9.9 0.2 86/3 1.7 8.4 0.5 86/4 2.8 5.3 0.3
a.
XN-NF-l 4, Rev. 2 Page B-22 WELL //21 U
Alpha Beta F
Yr/Otr ppm pCi/L pCi/L ppm 81/1 81/2 81/3 81/4 e?/1 82/2 82/3 82/4 83/1 83/2
<0.1 0.80 83/3
<0.1 0.35 8J /4
< 0.1 0.5I I
84'/I
<0.1 0.4 i 84'/2 3.2 8.2 1.0 f/3 2.4 5.9 1.00 8 /4 1.6 7.1 0.40 85tl 4.1 17.1 0.50 85/2 2.5 24.0 0.80 85/3 2.6 4.0 0.30 85/4 3.5 4.0 0.33 86/I 2.I 3.7 0.2 86/2 2.4 7.6 0.3 86/3 1.3 6.6 0.6 86/4 1.4 5.6 0.3
h*
g ATTACHMENT //6 UF6 ACCIDENT ANALYSIS I
1 f
I
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POTENTIAL FOR ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF UF6 UF6 gas in contact with air reacts rapidly with the moisture present to form particulate U0 F2 2 and HF vapor.
The particulate material is readily removed from air either by collection on the surfaces of HEPA filters and prefilters, or by scrubbing the air with water.
In a large, confined space the particulate UO F2 2 rapidly settles on horizontal surfaces such as floors and the tops of equipment.
The HF gas would be scrubbed, or in the case of an uncontrolled release, exhausted to atmosphere through the building exhaust stacks.
In order for there to be a significant release of UF6 gas to the environment at ANF, three conditions must be satisfied:
1)
The cylinder (s) must be heated above 1300F; 2)
There must be a rupture in the UF6 gas header piping with all of. the trained operating personnel incapacitated and unable to respond with emergency procedures, or alternatively, there must be a rupture of the l
UF6 cylinder i and 3)
There must be a major breech of the building containment and loss of the exhaust ventilation system, or the occurrence must take place outside the confines of the UO2 Building.
The first condition is nearly always met since the process requires 308 UF6 cylinders to be at a vaporization temperature of 230 F.
Conditions two and 0
three separately present a low probability of occurrence. Taken together, the probability is negligible that these conditions will be met simultaneously.
The most credible accident is a break in the UF6 gas piping system at some point between the UF6 cylinder and the hydrolysis tank.
1 In case of rupture of a heated 308 UF ' cylinder, there would be a 6
rapid release of approximately 10,000 CFM of gas.
ls 4
1 This rupture might occur from mechanical damage to the piping and associated valving, or from chemical attack.-
If the rupture occurs inside the heated vaporization chest or inside the vaporization room, protection is provided by an air scrubber system, located in each vaporization room, which is capable of collecting hydrolyzed UF6 constituents (UO F2 2 and HF).
These dedicated systems operate at 1,000 CFM, and are designed to' scrub 375 air volumes / hour from the vaporization chests or 15 and 8.5 volumes / hour, i
respectively, from the Line 1 and Line 2 vaporization rooms.
The scrubbers may be activated by emergency switches outside 'the vaporization rooms, by smoke (UF ) detectors located inside the vaporization rooms, and from remote 6
switches in the UF6 control rooms.
The smoke detectors, the scrubbers and associated valving and dampers are activated per an established test procedure
)
at monthly intervals or prior to startup of a conversion line, which has been shutdown for longer than one month.
1 Activation of the scrubber switch also closes an emergency shutoff valve mounted immediately below the UF6 cylinder valve to stop the flow of UF6 gas into the header system.
If the rupture occurs inside the vaporization chest, an exhaust is provided at i
each vaporization chest in the form of a movable snorkle.
This 300 to 400 CFM l
exhaust is tied to the process offgas system serving each conversion line, and the gas collected is passed through a liquid scrubbing system, separate from i
the scrubbers described above.
The snorkles are used to collect any small quantity UF6 gas, which might be released by opening ~ the header system to 4
change UF6 cylinders.
Added personnel protection is provided through the mandated use of self-contained breathing apparatus by operating technicians at any time the UF6 header piping is opened.
i The U02 building exhaust ventilation system provides a third level of protection against UF6 release to the environment. The vaporization rooms are 3
ventilated through separate exhaust systems, which maintain these areas at a
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o-negative pressure with respect both to the remainder of the 'UO2 building, as well as to the outside environment.
In the unlikely case that the scrubber j
and process offgas systems were unable to hardle the volume of UF6 released, the area supply air would be reduced and the building' exhaust systems would pull air from the vaporization rooms until the room HEPA filters and prefilters were blinded with particulate U0 F -
22 1
At this point, unless the prefilters were removed, the vaporization area zone pressure would become higher than chemical area zone pressure (but still negative relative to atmosphere), and 'the hydrolyzed UF6 would spill out into the larger chemical area.
As the filters were gradually plugged off, the release could spread to the UO2 pelletizing area, served by a separate HEPA filtered exhaust system, which is also maintained at a pressure negative to i
atmosphere.
Entries to the building would be sealed, after evacuation,~ and the supply air regulated to maintain the building negative relative to 1
atmosphere.
In 1976, it was demonstrated that the building exhaust systems were capable of 1
maintaining the building below atmospheric pressure in the case where approximately 265 pounds from a 308 cylinder were emptied through a half inch fitting attached to the cylinder valve.
l It was also demonstrated at this time that the interior of the conversion area j
could be rapidly (less than 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />) decontaminated by shutting down
}
electrical equipment and steam cleaning all walls, ducting, equipment floors, piping, etc. The uranium can be recovered by processing the cleaning water.
The 1976 incident, which was caused by the failure of a UF6 cylinder valve and
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a loose connection to the UF6 header piping, resulted in a number of equipment modifications and procedural changes.
Since that occurrence, the 1,000 CFM scrubber systems were installed for added protection.
l
~ - _.
t In addition to the emergency UF6 scrubber systems, integrity of the header piping system is checked ~ after any modifications or maintenance by pressurization with dry nitrogen and observation of pressure drop in the closed system.
Also, incoming UF6 cylinders undergo a cold valve check procedure which includes changeout of the cylinder valve on all cylinders which indicate a leaking valve.2 This procedure is performed prior to heatup of each cylinder.
Another safety precaution includes installation of a safety shutoff valve j
immediately below the cylinder valve to. provide backup in case of hot failure of the cylinder valve.
The UF6 header connection to the cylinder valve is pressure tested with nitrogen and liquid soap solution (" SNOOP") prior to heatup of the cylir. der.
As protection against damage to a hot UF6 cylinder or 'its valve, operating j
procedures prohibit movement of any UF6 cylinder by hoist, which has not cooled below 1300F.
Protection against rupture of an UF6 cylinder by
{
overheating during vaporization is provided by two independent - over temperature control systems interlocked with the vaporization chest electrical heating systems.
The primary system depends on thermocouples mounted on the cylinder surface.
The backup system is an infrared sensor set to monitor the l
cylinder surface temperature. Both of these systems function independently of each other as well as of the temperature control system, providing three levels of protection.
i, As protection against some external heat source, such as a building fire, combustible materials in the vaporization rooms are minimized.
- Hydrogen, propane and other flammable gases are also excluded from the vaporization areas.
The closest source of hydrogen is that used in the rotary calciners 4
1 l
2 Cylinders which do not' show a
negative pressure prior to installation in a vaporization chest are evacuated, closed off and observed for pressure rise as indication of a leaky valve.
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E separated from the vaporization areas by noncombustible masonry walls.
Other l
safety, precautions associated with the operation of hydrogen in the nearby calciners include the use of H2 detector / alarms to protect against flammable gas buildup in the calciner areas. The calciners are operated above the auto-ignition point of hydrogen, precluding the possibility of a hydrogen explosion, and the calciners have spring-loaded breech seals which would rapidly dissipate an overpressure in the calciner.
l j
A second flaenable gas, propane, is used as a source of heating for one of the j
conversion line calciners.
A buildup of flammable or explosive mixtures of propane in the area adjacent to the vaporization room is avoided through use of fail-safe flame sensing devices on the calciner.
These units function to shutdown propane flow in case of a calciner flameout.
Valving in this system is redundant and includes piping to vent propane from the gas line in case of failure of the redundant shutoff valves.
This venting will also occur upon i
sudden loss of pressure in the propane line, as would occur in a break in the l
propane line, i
i In summary, the risk of damaging a UF6 cylinder in the vaporization through l
overheating, by fire or by explosion is not considered credible with the l
present practices, equipment and layout.
Massive vehicular damage to a heated UF6 cylinder is another consideration.
l This again is a remote possibility, due to the location and construction of l
the vaporization' areas. Although a single lane in-plant roadway runs parallel within 50 feet of the vaporization areas, protection is provided, in one case,.
by a raised dock area and, in.the second case, by double masonry walls.
In l
addition the roadway is limited in length (175 yards), protected on either end by fencing; thus any vehicle massive enough to penetrate the vaporization room j
walls would be unable to develop the necessary speed or approach the walls at an angle which could result in significant damage.
i 4
4
6-i i
There are no material handling devices or vehicles used in the vaporization rooms, which could cause massive damage to a heated cylinder. However, a cold cylinder dropped from the hoist could damage or rupture the UF6 header system
- and result in release of UF6 into the vaporization room. The degree of damage would be mitigated by the design and placement of the vaporization chests and header system, as well as by the restricted lifting height of the cylinder (low building head room limits the free drop of a cylinder onto a chest to less than three feet). ' Control of the release would be accomplished through use of the recirculating scrubber and exhaust sys.tems, as described above.
Release of UF6 to the environment is not considered credible from this accident sequence.
5 Penetration of the vaporization room's containment, damage to th.e exhaust system, and rupture of a hot UF6 cylinder could occur if a massive airborne object, such as an aircraft, were to impact the north end of the UO2 Building. This is not considered a credible accident case.
The final area of risk to be considered is a fire in the UF6 cylinder outside storage area.
The major, safety precaution to prevent the possibility of fire in the storage area is housekeeping, and not allowing the storage of flammable substances in the area.
A second possibility, since the paved access road slopes slightly toward the storage area, would be to rupture a fuel tank on a truck delivering cylinders to the storage area, which would allow the fuel to
)
- flow into or through the storage pad.
Ignition of the spilled fuel could then furnish heat to the stored cylinders.
However, personnel are present durir.g delivery or shipments and simple flushing with water, which is readily available, should remove the hazard.
There are also no readily available ignition sources.
The possibility of a fire in the storage area with enough~
intensity and of sufficient duration to cause rupture of a cylinder is not deemed credible.
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