ML19268B837
| ML19268B837 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Dresden, Quad Cities  |
| Issue date: | 05/03/1979 |
| From: | Roisman A National Resources Defense Council |
| To: | Johnson E, Milhollin G, Stober Q AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED, MILHOLLIN, G. L., UNION CARBIDE CORP., WASHINGTON, UNIV. OF, SEATTLE, WA |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 7906210357 | |
| Download: ML19268B837 (60) | |
Text
" '
Natural Resources Defense Council,Inc.
p 17 15TH STRE ET, N.W.
WAS HINGToN, D.C. 2 o oo5 202 737-3000 wanernoter <Vew York ofce 2345 Y^tt statti NRC PUBLIC 99cyCNT MOOA ,,, ,33,4,33 ,7,t,7
'^' ^'T C^"'.943 6 May 3, 1979
"' " * ^^* " * '7 43 337-io8o 812 949-0049 c$ A%
// > 4 'h Gary L. Milhollin, Esq. 2 S*h N / -
1815 Jefferson Street 01-Madison, Wisconsin 53711 % // h4 Mrs. Elizabeth B. Johnson s g'y%pa Union Carbide Corporation gf Nuclear Division 'N P.O. Box X Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Dr. Quentin J. Stober Fisheries Research Institute University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 Re: Commonwealth Edison Co., et al. (Transportation of Spent Fuel Between Dresden Nuclear Station anf. Quad Cities Nuclear Station), Dkt. Nos. 50-237/249/254/265
Dear Board Members:
In response to the Board's Order Following Special Prehearing Conference, April 19, 1979, enclosed are representative materials prepared by Citizens for a Setter Environment and Natural Resources Defense Council to disclose their interest in the issue of nuclear power.
These materials have been distributed either to present merters or to prospeccive merbers or to both.
Sincerely, T 9 '
/
f '-9s 'q / , ~ :"mm
< i
~/ i An tho ny :' ' E'isman o
enclosures cc: (w/ enc.) service list
" 8 3D 95005074 toor, Recycled Paper
The NHDC Professionals .
~
Io push authorities low.ud safe and clean energy sources. NHDC has gathere<! a staff of top profes-sionals When you join NilDC these are sonne of the people worki.sg for you Dil. AllTiluft TAMPLIN: Degrees iri Diochesnistry and fliophysics frorn University of Cahfornia,llesearch Associate for the fland Corporation. Lawrence Ibufsation Laboratory (California). Atornic Energy Cornenis-soon Ihvision of liiology and Medicine. NHDC statt scientist sence 1973.
011. TilOMAS COCIIHAtJ: Degrees in physics and engineering frorn Vanderhilt University. Asst Psof. of Physics at the US Naval Postgraduate School. Supervisory Researcher at litton Mellonics Division's Scien-tsfic Support Laboratory, liesources for the I utuse (flescarched environenental effects of tJS civitsan ruscicar powet sndustry). NHDC staff scientist since 1973.
DH. T EHilY LASil: Degrees ivi Molecular Biophysics from Yale University. Postdoctorat Research at Yale Medicat School. NHUC statt scientist since 1977,.
ItOGER HEEf tS: Degree in Law feom llarvard. Associate at snajor law firrns in San Francisco and New York.
NHDC statt attorney since 1973.
t AtalllONY HOISMAN: Degrees frorn Dartmouth College and Harvard Law School. Attorr:cy for IJ S Departenent of Justice. Partner in Hoisman. Kessler and Cashdan. NHOC statt afforney since 1977.
JOrJATilAt1 LAsti: Degrees frorn liarvard College and Columbus School of Law, Peace Corps volunteer.
Assistant tl S Attorney. NHUC Sensor Protect Artoincy since Atarctr.1978.
ItELENE LINKEll: Degrees from Radchffe. Stanford and Stanford Law School. Teacher. NHDC Protect Astorney since 1977.
GEOltGIA YUAN: Degrees in Applier! Earth Sciences and Geology from Stanford and Oberlin, taught Envirornnental Geology at San Francisco State University. Consetting Geologtst to NHOC Hadioactive tvaste Pr ogsarn. 19/9 Ln O
O LD O
N LII
I I I i How CBE Works Citizens for a Better Environment was founded in 1971 in Illinois by private citizens concerned with ensuring everyone $ right to a healthy environment.
A non-profit, tax exempt organization. CBE has a full time professional staff of envir0nmental scientists and As
!awyers wne protect citizens' rignts to a clean environ- 1 W ) ('bj' I '
ment. Citizens wno come to CSE with a pollution complaint have as an ally our experienced, skilled [ (f professionals working on the indivicual's behalf to stop the proDiem '
//
CBE also interacts daily with government agencies.
reminding them of the public s stake in a clean % -.
g environment. The staffs of these government agencies = W - '
are under constant pressure from those wno wisn to , E % #
4 continue polluting. CBE's role as a necessary counter. $
pressure ensures strict enforcement of pollution laws.
CB E does solid research on important environmental h$ *e/* -
Y -
problems and then makes sure that the results are put into the hands of the Citizens who can use them. In j y addition to numerous reports and comments.CBE also .N publishes its own Environmental Review monthly. CBE staff members last year appeared on a number of radio and television programs and gave many lectures at 3 e universitit s and before professional societits.
CBE raises approximately 7% of its budget from the annUSl Canvass Conducted in residential neighbor-hoods w'th i most of the balance Coming f'om founda.
tien grants Tnis money is well spent, with over 65%
going to program activities research. litigation and public education The grassroots financial support raised by the annual canvass provides CBE with a stacie financial case and neeps the organization indepencent of pressures from large vested interests.
- EnVirOnmeni Received of CBE's purpose is to protect our air and water, and to defend our right to a healthy Tax deductible contribution of 5 environment. To achieve these goals.
CBE's prograrn is to pursue as Contrication of s15 or more (sa for senior Citizens) aggressively as possible the curtailment entitles conor to memoersnio subsenotion to 12 issues of pollution and the conservation of of tne monthly CSE Environmental Review.
energy without causing job loss.
AOCeived oy CSE Aepresentative 95005076 Citizens for a
- Better Environment . eacn cerson nas a resconsicairy to contncute 59 E. Van Buren, suite 2510 to the creservation and errincement of the Chicago. Illinois 60605 enviconment, *
(312) 939 1984 .- National Environmental Policy Act
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CBE issues Toxic Substances Air Pollution Most chemicals in use are retatively harmless. Airborne pollutants still constitute a serious puDlic However, toxic suestances are those few enemicals health threat throughout the Midwest. PoHutants that are harmful to man, caussng Dirth Oe f ects, emitted from a smoxe stack may travel miles Oefore touching ground and frecuently Oombine with Other Dehavioral disorcers.cance* or $0 kelfic diseases Much airDorne suestances to form more toxrc cy proOucts. of the more visible anc Obr:oxious pollution has Oeen reduce: The existence of many toxic chemicals an the such as acid rain. Most of the Indiana Illinois Wisconsin region fails envirc$nment and their effect on humans remained to meet the otone standard muCn of the region violates unknown until Quite recently since these substances often are not OetectaDie by normal human senses - federal standar0s on sus 0 ended 0 articulate matter. and sight, smell or taste. Over the years these chemicals can Chicago exceecs carcon monoxide limits Most of accumulate in the human body. Certain chemicals are CBE's 1978 air poHution werk was designed to get tne states to enforce existing standards and to make sure powerful poisons and exposure to them may cause immediate Oeath; while others have delayed hea!th that state agencies and legislatures did not weaken the effects years later. standarcs. CBE Crects a large part of its program towards locating and then controlling the Otsposal of toxic chemicals Authorities now believe that these few Chemicals cause 60 g0% of all cancers, a disease that Water Pollution also has become the largest single kiner of chilcren CBE has workec for a numeer of years to keep toxic under 15 years old in the United States. CBE advocates chemicals out of our primary crinking water source. that the government also test extsting and new Lake Michigan, and out of recreational waters in the chemicals for their ability to Cause brain damage, birth M dwest. As a result, most wastewater poHuters d this CefeC!s and speciflC diseases The cost of acecuate region (with notable exce tions like US Steet and the testing and disposal of harmful Chemicals is out. City of Milwaukee) are close to meeting clean-up weighed by the hidderi soClal Costs we will otherwise schedules in compliance with the C:ean Water Act of Continue to bear - higher hosDital bills. insurance rates. gg77 absenteeism, of the personal trayecy of sickness or The f tderal government is passing responsibility for death in the family. pollution enforcement activities to state governments CBE currently is attempting to preventlax enforcement and extension of comphance s:nedules by state agencies We are a!so continuine various act.ons Energy Policy against specific polluters who are not in comphance. The energy crisis facing the United States C-mands innovativt decisions regarding our energy policy before tne 21st century. Oil and natural gas prices will Continue to rise as supplies dwindle. Prohibitive Public Participation construction costs and mismanagement are pncing Whether or not poHution control authorities will nuclear Dower out of tne market Although the use of coal for centrali:ed erectricity generation could offset succume to industry pressure to relax easting laws Oepends on citi:en involvement in !nt; regulat0ry and the shortage of other fossil fuels, there are inherent preolems with this alternative Large scale coal Ourn- legis!ative processes While the federal government encourages pubhc participation at nearings it f ailed to ing causes severe air pollution pr00lems and may have require the states to do so. As the states assu"'e more undesirable effects on the Climate responsioility for poilution clean ac.CBEis concernec CBE acvocates tne efficient use of energy systems about whether tnese agencies will allow cuelic partici-that are safe, renewable economically sound, and scaled down in si:e. Pollution control cevices can :ation at this level. reduce air collution proelems, steps can ce taken to CBE cnallengec the Acministrator of t e US EDA for retneve and reuse waste neat, and centralized cower naving accrovec the Uhnois uater program without recuiring mandatory suche carticipation The Sevents plants could be reciaced by small scale facilit:es using renewaole resources as they cecome economical. CBE Circuit Court o' Acceafs ruiec 'n CSE's f avor in is currently researching anc advocating the practical January.1979 - tne first tir-e a state orogram nas :eea apolication cf renewacle resources sucn as solar anc overturnec by a court. This case win terve as a wind. :n accition. CBE is educating me cuche ano crecedent to use in :nanenging 're feceral cuen: scr*'acation 'nat '-e E A win nitiate <n Sacruary. industry on energy conservation tecnniques. 95C05078
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How Have We Done So Far? (Some comments on NRDC projects)
"I know you will bring the same level of skills and responsibility to bear on energy problems as you have on others,"
Sen. Philip Hart (Michigan) g "When we wanted to know something about toxic substances,I'd call NROC, Those people are experts, and known to be experts, and could give us the right answers right away," Simon t.azarus, Former White House Staff "NRDC never hesitated to light a fire under the bureaucracy , , EPA Administrator Russell Train "Yours is a major role in making the promise of the Clean Air Act a reality ,,, thank you for your generous and invaluable asdstance ,, " Sen, Thomas Eagleton (Missouri)
"NRDC is a conservation organization that has really made a difference."
New York Times Editor John B, Oakes "NRDC has added a new and effective voice to the citizens of Sacramento who are concerned with en-vironmental protection, particularly the American River , , it is my pleasure to commend you." Mayor Richard Marriott, Sacramento "There is no doubt that your leadership in [ wildlife protection) has been immensely important and we are delighted to be associated with you," William Conway, General Director, New York Zoological Society "Your creative efforts to make the Corps of Engineers and the Soil Conservation Service more aware of the full costs of their projects are certainly commended. I hope you will continue tnem," Rep. Henry Reuss (Wisconsin) The Natural Resources Defense Council is a non profit environmental organi:ation. Our staff of 31 lawyers, scientists and environmental specialists wage a daily fight to preserve our natural world, NRDC's ordects, cesides clean energy,in, ciude wilderness and wildhfe preservation, air quality maintenance, improved mass transit, control of car'cer causing agents in our environment and orotection of our waterways and oceans. Our Staff, located in New York, Washington, D.C., and Falo Alto, California, includes experienced lawyers with an en-viacie record of court success on Dehalf of the public. There are two full time physicists. A forestry specialist. A Diocnemist. Transportation experts. SDeClalists in air Quality, in water pollution and more. Our trustees are distinguished men and women from all st Clors of our society Scientists, academics, allorneys, reoresentatives of business and the general Dublic. Our memoers numoer almost 10.000, and are from every state.They receive newsletters and reports and know tney are getting real action for their money. NPC NATUBAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCll,lNC,
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Inside these pellets is plutonium oside. If you The Natural Resources Defense Council, were to inhale esen a mi:toscopi amount. an:et through its legal and scientific staff isforcing cer would result. Pellets like these fuel nu: lear rea:- tain responsible steps. tors :reating an almost poeti: balan:e: to proside
- In the U.S. Court of Appeals a de:ision sur-the electricity for a medium size Ameri:an city, a ported out attorneys who sought to require by law light water rea: tor produ:es as a by product an analysis of the enstronmental;onsequen;es of about enough plutonium to destroy that city. a nu lear fa:ility before it is built. This decision g g was key in bringing the long range i npii:anons of nuclear waste under publi scrutiny.
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- NRDC attorneys then sued the Nu:' ear q(
s % Regulatory Commission to require safety findings s , e on the intended handling of a fa:ility's waste pro-
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- quired by the Atomi Energy A t, and by :ommon sense. (The :ase is now pending.)
( *t o;using on military nuclear waste, NRDC g' . s' has challenged the construction of one million. I gallon storage tanks without a safety appoval has-ing been first obtained from the Nuclear Regu-Do you know how close the nearest plutonium is? latory Commission. The tanks will be located in
. Ind who is Aeeping an eye on it? Georgia, and Washington. Clearly the problem It is in rea: tors and reprocessing plants cuts a:ross all geographie boundaries.
and in transit be. The simple fa:t.is, the proMem ot radioa du throughout the country waste must be sched promptly. Prisate citizens tween. It is shipped between New York, Ten. nessee, California, Illinois, Oklahoma, Washmg. hase few alternatises to f orce the slu;gish bu-ton and other places on trucks, usually in 50 kilo, reaucracies of Washington to address these massise te:hnological problems. gram quantities. 50 kilograms is about ten times the amount of plutonium used in the Nagasaki But citi: ens' voices, survorted br a court man-bomb. date, can get things done. Not all well traseied and deadly radioactisc To continue leading the fig ht for nuclear matenal is fuel. Mu:h of it is waste. Once thought responsibility, NRDC .aust seek financial support of as a mere by product of nuclear a:tisity. of oser 5300,000 annually. We all wish this money radioactie waste now forms a burgeoning and did not hase to be spent. But it does if wt want to lethallegacy for which gosernment and prhate in- maintain control oser mstautions profoundly in. dustry are poorly prepared. From spent fuel rods fluencing our future. themsebes to su:h mundane equipment as work. Please help us. men s gloses, the hand me downs of nuclear pow- Your taddeductible membership con:nbunon er are a 230 million :allon msentory in the U.S. will be put to w ork richt awav. We pledge to *vou
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Aforea.s added everr dar. no less than u e ourselves expect: vitorous legal At one New York waste storage site, 600,000 advocacy of sound policies, scientific honesty in gallons oi high leul radioa:use waste rest in a assessing thcfacts, and candid reports to members earbon steel tank w hich is believed to be :orroding on developing situations. slowlv. The facility's prisate ow ner plans to lease Please don't delay. The legal work reautred in the problem to the state, which says it :annot af- this ne!d is euensi,e and costly. To mose our na-ford disposal bills potennally as hien as a half a billion collars. The t.deral' coser'nment, often P0" 9.w a safe W pea:W eggy qur:es will
- Out, m me Cs N one teral ob chen to octimistic views of t$e qu ! ear industs ?.e rie:al. 't ose who walk in 5 earth long a ter we, has called the problem "zareantuan" "iU *SS * >"# N21 ' M3N# # 3) '03I The proclem is not ne'w.' :ut the scope is. A 33) study released recently by tne 1. 5. Generai A -
counung Office shattered many d!usions aoout the _
**#h handling of this problem Its most senous charge is the la;k of demonstrated te nnoice:es for *ne safe disposal of extsung nign. eset ?-adiocen'e f48% [ o waste. To conunue miine ur more uaste from ore- /
se,r ac:unes. a, c :o uce,se -en nes a~ue i ynyams , woua,ncor :ne: ..as:e .s more : .: se, se.ess. v - 95005082
0 l How A Nuclear Power Plant Dies . . . It starts to die the day it goes to aork. \s a su;- Sometimes the mothballing of a rea: tor isn't so cession of atomt: fuel cores is inserted, used, and easy. The \. tar:oule, Fran;e rea tor, w hi:5 pro. extra:ted from the plant, the radiation leselin the du ed plutonium far French nu; lear weapons, was plant structure oegins to r:se. shut down ten years ago ar'd pla:ed under guard. This is no a :ident, but a normal part of the But it has already dese!oped :ts;ks and is 'eaking radiation. It will hase to oc dismantled ;ompletely operation of the plant. and entombed in concrete. Esen then, the guards After appro.timately 30 years, the plant must be will has e to sta. s , alert for radiation. closed. Every nuclear plant suffers the same fate. It must be closed and sealed or dismantled. With only a 30oear lifespan, the problem of And guarded. Be:ause 5:ientists estimate that " dead but dangerous" nu: lear plants cannot be the poisoned structure will be a threat for at least put off until! ster. Fifteen piants in the l'.S. hase
.'00 years, if not mu h longer. These inoperable already been closed, and their disposalis a major plants cannot be dismantled and mosed without problem today.
great expense and enormous risk of exposure to Where are nue! ear plants located? The answer is surrounding areas, due to the thousands of tons of simple: all oser. Take a look at this map provided steel and concrete permeated with intense levels of by the U. S. gosernment radiation. NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS IN THE UNITED STATES y
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i' s 95005083
We know you have uestions . . . What is NRDC? The Natural Resources Defense Councilis a non profit environmental organization. Our staff of 31 lawyers, scientists and environmental specialists wage a daily fight to presene our natural world. NRDC's projects, besides clean energy, include wilderness and wildlife preser. vation, air quality maintenance, improved mass transit, ;cntrol of cancer causing agents in ou. environment and protection of our waterways and oceans. How do I know NRDC gets results? It's easy. Just listen to the people who keep their eye on the environment: The Nation recently described NRDC's Clean Energy Project as "in the forefront of plutonium issues . Former EP A Administrator Russell Train has obsened that "NRDC neser hesitated to light a fire under the bureaucracy ." Sen. Edmund .N1uskie said, "No environmental group has done more than NRDC to see that federal water pollution laws are interpreted properly and carried out in the timely, ag-gresise manner intended by Congress." John B. Oakes, Senior N.Y. Times Editoi, called NRDC "a consenation organization that has really made a difference," and stated that "NRDC is playing a vital and increasing-ly important part in the battle for the environment and for the future." Who is NRDC? Our Stat /, located in New York, Washington, D.C., and Palo Alto. Ca!ifornia, includes experienced lawyers with an en*.iable record of court sue:ess on behalf of the public. There are two full-time physicists. A forestry specialist. A biochemist. Transportation experts. Specialists in air quality, in water pollution and more. Our m<5rees are distinguished men and women from all sectors of our society. Scientists, academics, attorneys, representati,es of business and the general public. Our " embers number almost 40.0CO. and are from esen state. They re eise newletters and reports and know they are getting real action for their money. ),'on can add your name to this growing roster. Be ome a member today. 95005084 nrd_ c NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCll INC.
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these irscrtant f'.mds flewing. In shcrt we are '*crking to de and that the U.S. not re .m.in dependent en riskv. and ecstiv. nuclear er.ere.v. Help us e.c.arantc.e a future free fr:n headli .es . about " eltdce.s," "radiatien levels," er.d "evaer.atien plans. " .% e a rpecial contributien tofay to :.?,DC to help us centinue the fight. 2.is year we have carritted ever $400,000 to the fight for clean c ere../, a .=srive ec.T i er.: 0r# cur rescurces.
',; hen I lef t the ;.EC to 'etrk f r sensible c.olicies, I ' :elieved thesa
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t . 3 < j Ik m' ; y David Dlnsmore Comey 1934-1979 bcn05088 David Dinsmore Comey, President and Executive Directer of Citi: ens for a Better Environment, died in an automobile accident Friday, January 5,1979. Mr. Comey became Dresident of CEE in June of 1976. He served on numerous federal scic-'ific aovisory panels, was the !!!inois mencer of the Eoard of Directors of the Mid-American Solar Energy Corporation ant was the auther er co-author of many reports on water collu 'n, environmental and health effects of toxic substances, nuc! ear cower clant safety. ano otner areas of energy policy. In 1974 ne receivec the first annual Environmental Quality Award, given by the U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency "for services that nave immeasuraoly imoroved the design a3d safety review of nuclear reactors. David Comey was an important figure in the national environ-mental movement and in our lives. He will be greatly missed
2ONOIMIIDlY.E. 95005089 Summary of 1978 Activities tc e$.
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{ N . Energy P0licy l 4 "~g - F*# .
./ ' y c - O CSE *as Oev0te: a ;000 Oest Of atte9-i '
I { ' I D, . b;/.# ' tion this year to have; state 'e;Wat0ry
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'*4* M Oh45.n; 00*n Our w0rk On ny:' ear is.
Swe5 &*O ': 5 *; 'Steaa Oh !*e a Van
- Citi:e*5 fOr a Better Enoronment is a na- e0a:t On agreWty'e. On Other asce:ts tages d s:!ar e*e';y 'h s s Onause t!09ai env?ronmental Orga%:at On with Of the envir*nment. an0 On Nman healtn at MO.$W & N
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s i O 3,, t$ SeaWO Oy ?e a*0r0f:ta0ihty Of *WO!e.
# , lihn0is. %lwaukee Water PO!!ution at 00wer 0;r Ta * ;09 e")new $$ that 890 Va0 50n M, S*005 n. 890 San Fran*
Many DONuter$ are n0w On 00m0lia*Ce utihties m0v W* a aaay fram *yclear 0:500 Cahf0rn a ,A,e work in five Ort.
$0h00Ves i im00$ed yncer ?e C!ean Sn0Vl0 90t a.10mati0aHy S et0h 10 00&L *ary 8'eal' air 00Hyt Ch Aater 000u.
10 0C EU,$ta90e$. ene'*y
.A,ater AO: The U $ E -. is in t*e Or0* Wh>Cn OOWT
- ave a Se'as5 a:Ve'$ e e f*
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- OohC y' cess Of transferrm; 00ntr:10f wate* 006 'eet :n t*e e+v '09me9: as an a:te'na-anc e9vironmenta< ecs0atiOn IvtiOn 00ntr0l Or:; rams tO :ne states At trve *e n0:e to e:v: ate the Ov0h: m Dv'inQ 1976. Our 0,a,0e$ U$e0 t*e fol-a re5 Ult. CSE na$ 00ncentrate: much Of the 30 a9 a*e5
- d . $ m ** r e
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.0 en** **eneral Strate'*'e$ :n atta w m*a 4ts e* fort in this a'ea On en$v r t;inat the O'00' ems in !*ese area $ 50Vr0e8 Of e*e';y OUDh V;l ha ve the $ame r ;*:t to Oartic-Environmental E0vCation 10 ate in State e*f rce* eat a:t OPS that 1 Air Pollution We 90' ease: t*e 0a<0
- r0Wat;09 Of Our
.ne Clea', Air A01 Amen 0&eSt$ Of 197., Na0 in 'e0eral e9f0'0e* eat a:ti0ns TOnthly news 3;a re Ine C;,,:, :". .et 3:r 00 Cut Cat 00-tr01 er*0fts Or' *0ic ' Toxic $Ubstancel vir;t e val r e.oe a 'r:m 3 ".*O t0 :*e fOr 19"E 45 ie;'s.at10n 'e0Vired !*.e CVrt*; 1973 C D $ w r"'On! ooc Sv0-a t*an 5 *"; a*O a * ~0e' af Osr 'e;;rts States t0 ':rmWate "e
- Ciaat on *:0 W Sta'i0eS 00ntt01 elican000 'O f W*e t*e ae'e m0eq retrett a90 "a"$ ate:
** e y 40WO 0 0*'0!y e in the C e an Air Or:0 69 Of 0 50:$ *; 0't'e t*065an:5 Of ia!O f0re gr' .a*;aa ge!
A0t a C Sytmit the9 t0 V $ Env>r0n~e*.- "Ogn:$ Of "aza'0065 ha$'es O'00g*e: /ie 3.$; g;;eare: 0* 9sme'065 te e-ta; 0'Ote:ttOn Ayea0y ,ED A) Oi ,anLary n 'nis 00.ntry ea:n year We Or0V;nt vi$i0n*e*$ Or0; ram 5 a*: ~309 Ores 09* 1979 E ' ucL 0 '"en a00 rave Or 'e* Suit against U S E A 'Or 'tS 'a lure !0 tatiO*.s : a m:e <a' ety Of / versity
*vire m0048tQn$ 0) July t .1979 Un- Or0'nd;&te 'e*W'at4P5 'Or TSO Sai *f as; e* e5 a90 Orde55 **Li 500 et e5 til t*.at ti*e NO A eve' *ew it C at.On *y *a:ar:0LS hastes an: he Ske: ?at Oypq 9*eret ;r0yOS 5 vir!;any pre- $160;e ar004:e* Oy Sewage " eat
- eat Oisce: :e0awSe any awseit 00y e O'a*t$ - An:0* *an Oe 00*!a~r3!e:
ence'e: m::: O y *e ew :.a, n a::- mts !:o: :nem40a s -:e e;uate: as A*ir PoHut* ton
'on !! ate $ $60n a$ dh*0i$ are Oeai"*'.: 3 "a:a'00LS haste Ne a $0 00'""Le Ae00rt to Congress On Air 00llution sones. e n '*rmutatm; '*e r Orans m u s toae'0 J $ E:a :*a't:r:0er 'e;uat *$ from Coal Com0vstion Oe!aym; n! On :n air 00%t On ar00- 'Or ::s0:sai Of a:ar::.s $astes CIE se ses :P a s: e~ ': a:< 5:', :am :
e s s t m ',,"*e' Our Acts :n *e Ong **e ,;3 E:1. '*e 0*:e :'*e:P*: :;f 4sess e 0*L OEE Ours e: as ma*y acteas a;a ast :*a't e; :at 0*s *'O e~ eat *; !"e a:o: :' e . 5 ::*; ass
- e a e s :'::a ; a a'r 00ilut:0n as we 00w: mthm '*e e- Sv0stan0es 0:*t': 40 ' O S C lu :: . u:o aa st.:y :- e **e:ts :' .acu:'u:
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N YY ' 95005090 tSe se; meets Of t*e cotat ca mest at 'ss vecer t*e Cean Air Act Aten:-eats Of
- OBE 'ev eme: an: ::mmeate: :n seve'ai :f ' 97* t*e 3:ve ace :49 :ett on ?e :'es :eet
', mese recoms te :r:n:.t E: s:n 't:m hrv; at :bstate The Eta Occumeats me:cate that en- ::st f e: ncm: : s*w:t en wol :::.r aa
- ss's to :a: mum :an resst ,n c:*ey :am- ::a, ::ai mnia ; e::aoty a;e. :.rt9 ce'e:ts ; emet' :ama;e am: :an. CEE sai: t*at me s ::st :cu::e est e:
- er Ee:a.se me eve s Of : :mium to asc~ ty E: s n .m a*. envir:n ettany a::e: tare Americaas a'e e xD0se 'n **e# a:r *L'e, an:
- ave
- mt* ut;ec ess ?E: sen *:v': tstai!
'co: alreacy aper xt*. ate ' eve's 'e: sire: ta s '.0:e's at 20*e9:n T*0 eCe*'s en s:r.::er te:mnoiegy test.f e: en :ena:f et 5 "
- rocsce o:ney :ama;e. ee Eca ;0n:: vee:
that tre putac $5cwic te Or:tecte: *om es. OSE at t*e ::*e9:n eann;s i ecsvre t :a:%wm fn m au sour:es Oes de tNs :enetus'en. te*ever ED A Pas 'ane: to Draft Els f or Wyoming Coal Region
'l e: are ca:wum a ma:arceus air coactant ;EE fae: a : m ent on the craft eavironme%
l l trat is to te reguate:vecer ne C:ean Air Act tal mea:t statement :e+; :recare: 'er ce I ..
*
- i CEE *.as momtore: EJ A s ce::5 cn-maon; Sat **este n wyermng e:a' 'e;ien .ve asn.
process *nn re;are t: :aomum. an we *0:e e: r, Oe:an e-t f me ?tener :: ::ns::er
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to pressur e ES A t: estachst a:es. ate stanc. e, see;;e::ee m: ,m:a:t n nhre s :f com-
<. l -: *,c- E: sen a;rs Ocmn; Wy m n; 1 h a at:s for :e-mss.: e ' eve's Of :a:wum <n Se re:v tior' in crop yieles acvic res/t if pro- ad ::aiatits 20*e*toa Station.
- ecte: reveis of : cal cemeustion are Interlake Coke oven a:n. eve: OBE s re ert *m te prete: as an llllnOIS Emission Cleanup at:encia to tme f.nat CTA report wm:n .s Sulfur Dioxide Control intename. :n: . a Cm:a; steO co-:any. *as s:me: vie to be poetsme: in Febr.ary,1979 CBE has testifie: at mear>ngs te ::ese Dec- teen ::e'at+; t 00 ::=e eveas in CNcago CEE a'so ce'sva:e: OTA to retain the aan:vt ::at'emn; :a'ti:wiate em ss:ces mar v ar S cooi ef 0.en: -ea tt to amoy:e cese: reamati ns of swNr :i:x::e stancar:s We test.f e :efore !*e ulinois ;;dytton Con- '. ast year sN!a*e:Ls eator:ement a:ti:Es tFe DCtent.al 'mca t on Fes!th Cf increasec trol Bro PCBi on mccis Pe*er Comcary s we'e :res;at ty t*e Uhnc's E:A anc Pe U S
- al :omevstron re:ve.t for a 'etaxation on tne swive scaice E:a. a*: CSE rie*ve-e: :n the state ase EP A Full Scrubbing Proposal stancare .or is ca! win Stat > n 'n te~y We CEE a*: the state we'e aeget at.n; One el!Se 'easons any Congress estaDhshe: a wounty and..e'ere the Mssouri Air C nse*va. *e mtera= e tee V $ ED A e e913*ea: *.tn a .
ceor~ nance s'a9ca'Os for new C*er clants tion C0mmission in :ces.t,0n to t*e : mmis. Sett'e eat that 4 yl: Ce ni t*e ::mcaay to in the C enn air a:t was to promCte oevet00- sten s proDCsM to retas the swfur.cionice ce,g, ( g ec ; nan;e ,n:s g: gr ,y y 3 33*g ment Of coaut on :ortrol te:nnoie;y. 5:me. 3:,n=373 0' Un'0" E *: ' C0r'0a'y s S' Cut the eature set ea' t e Clea i Air Act times cape ser ecers This *as 50 that power Statiovi nea' St. L:vis Ameac e-ts Of F7 OEE s. mitte: a : m-mai mum use :ov'c te ma:e Of t$e eatien s ment t0 t*6 w.e:a !.*f at :f Asti:e anc the
- al reserves .n an envW0nmeatady 3::e:t- Compilance Methods at ,J $ ,estr::t .ocur' as* e: U S ..:-A anc inter-se.e manner Powerton Station ..
! ave to te tr e's en . E s : mmeet 7*e Bct t*e ee:t of trese stancar:s has :een ,.B,e e etervese: :n Commonwea'in E: sen s ::u t Wt:r*. ate'y ac: rove !*e pe:PCse: set-10 Dr0v'ce ma"y %:*estem stdit'es we an re: Vest to the !!hre s DCS f r a va an:e 'Or t emeat *etween #ter ase at i' ' c. .-- '.
a*wt neeat%e to ten ow swfur ::ai ' rem me <ts Sewe ten Stat:en
- ear : eon. uhneis E:n in.s year t was e:.:e: Pat 'nter a*e en te Aest ramer taan te estal s: . :ers anc even sen actif e: Pe : C.e that t iave::: a:nieve #^# ## #* ""# ' ' " EY
%;ssstr ::ai Cergress :o"e:te: tNs .m. ::r-otacce wt9 t*e C ean A.r Act A ea:- T,y 1 19
- t* eceaa o'" 'r e s f * 'r 0 0 4 '"'
- 9 *"* *' .
- eats Of 1977 ty se st: tut'n; ':* sa %r troi 'O :e :en:te" **n t*e :e a't es
- a',aa e n Pe 0 ean A.r Act amencmeats of *estem ::al at : *e**:n 'er 9 ;n sstr .ni.
' 9, .-
*nc 'etw re *e* ceae' ::amts to a:nieve a cer:enta;e recu: tion 'n sa: fur no,s ::at Wells Manufacturing Case we: Lee a cr ef .n :: Des: tion 10 tre vari. ,
meary s 'hr- y a omss ens nrs;9 te:voiegicai -ears aa e :entene.n; t*at asta nat,on Of s:r.:. pens van'a:v r;
^%e tne J 5 E a *.as crecese mat * * * ' - #0'S *as :aase; sea'e :=r emss.ons te ree.:e: cy 55*. through s:ru - ters *ovic te a more eoare :: mci ance ai- 0'00'e-s *Pe9 :.E Orec s.a a;arst *e te'rative sin:e E son s aes;em ::a' sac-
- r; ca na e* oiants ?e Oe:a- ent of nerat:n :ase: : n-tarts an 4 03E irer;y OCE' anc re atoity.. .ncustry are ei. 0"ers may met :e are t: *eet Pee :09t'a:- :arvasse's '-e me s DCS , e: nOEEs tai :engatiens en ng strong :' essor e :n :- A to docw c ants 'ava *' aa"- " 'r:e'e *" , "' eus "* a s Y a 9'
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hrw; c* s# ur f ::al to scrue oray : art Of T*eCS ;racte: E: s:n s vat am:e givc; .. n .. saW M Oase Peir emssio*s
*e stMty .*td outy * * ??) - Pe "eaa #e a ac ans a*;we::e'M Pe a- 's 5.n e
.ecer *e 0:ea9 a.r a:t a ea: e ats *:
OSE Ne: a ar tten ::mreat n se::0 t Of s. . .
*e $5% sta-cam ;r:cese :y E:A ::ntene. me:Jy me Done t:9 2'a9t 50 mat t :an ev'- *~~.'
- e:a'.,se',a, .'. e " s
- a : a:t neye: Pe :r ;,
*g Fat in.s sta^ a': .s e:essary t: *estere westem ::at ai :r:er 4:m e .' cis :C3 *e state a-:
&e ::m:etshe*ess :t t; -wtr Ants ::a' anngs on hb Ws Among O!E ** e: aa an:n a;a est Ars 1 e t a n mi *estem aa scurem states Illinois Miners *e :r ; aai :':e* -:*ev e' +s a::::n aas Aten 00m-r wenita E: sen aaacv ce: :s sta, e a*aitr; Fe :ut:: e :f me :ase :e-Cadmium as an Air Dollutant ' Ore P e 3.:'e e 0 vt Uncer Pe C ean A>r act 4 ea *ents et ' 97- :ersion ** eet state sv& : vee e-us- S e 3.;'e*e 006" v e: A* a *st "3E a*:
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- 973 .v*e!*e' e*tssion Of ::*-e at: ::F 41 ts ::*e"O9 $tatc OSE -Pe: ate'v
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- et't,0*e: %n?s i:ve *Cr .a*es #- *'o
- st* tc *e state m6st ;'i<e *at *e W sea to ::evere a Leo:
- ear r; 09 *e *atte' *:iO;y "Messan 1 nat'0 N :Co' ersts Oy0 h s* e: se ve*al 't:0**s o **e s:9*; '
Ae "a ve %f a eM :" ' r re*eaf"; On 1975. :*:W*ent ^; *e 5:Ur:es f a!*Cs. *e:a.se f::ss le . : OssesI D 0's::8
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memrcemernaw.s s mony 40m WeHS which sh ne: t*at t%ey :an of w* ether t*e $ay Area 40u: te 4D e to 9500509i a'so resette; a 00'vacat 09 Ne* Soe' e ontrol !*e pr00:em :o py e!9 'e:eral t'e49 a r st49:a'Os *a** Cevew N est0 !*e E4y Dea Air C.aaty Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance cate: s n0er t*e C.ea9 air A:t Va*.agea' tat D st' t S A ACMOI EE :rrtcee: t*e Om;mai AEA , san sac Of the 105 a*eas >n me ste: States attn *erue; tv oL;h the Dia9 $ ev'tw sta;es Urich oil Refinery 00pu.at'ces et mere t'a9 200 000 :n., ~0no- ,,gn; .7 .,,, 4 3.,,,;3,'g 33 . 4 .., Construction Permit laiv. ~aasu *etts t*e 'e:e'at air Ophty , ,g,p T*e $ AAPOD issge te*tatwo a::' val'or !Fe ggg,g g 3 ,, sta*ca':s 'or :rore a9: :a' ton mc90xici 'n gn3,3
- castr : tion of a 10 005:ar'ei :er :ay od Aca;c :ta9s 'or :'eamn; se these coa - 'ehee*y n va-met T*e Urten Od Cem:a*y ta9ts *hich are ar;e y Ore sce::y avt:me. Bay Area Sulfur Dioxide Petition efnery was en:e:te: :: m:' ease e%ssiers ones anc Ot*er motee sev':es must to The Bay Area Air P Hution 0 Contr01 O str<ct Of mycr0 careers an: n.trous :stes ty B7 000 strengtreaec. 0e:asse incastral :entro:s an: :BAADCD) :wr'eatly ecoses a 6 000 :as councs ce' rear aac BS 000 ovnes :e' year t*e 'e:erai autom:cde ewssion :ontrol ero- :er mohon ::m) stacs ;as armt 'Or seNr > es:e:t.ve'y. in 39 a*ea s.reacy *eavoy m-gram are not enowgn my eemseives to enn; 0xce e%ss.ons The Cantomia Air mesour ces :a:te: cy air cou tacts v f*om ether 'e69e* es CN:a;o into comchance with 'eeeral stano- Bear:(CAPB) an the U S EDA Pave reovest- The estmate: in:reases 'ed wst short cf the a':s '. 0:al y,vemments are reesirec un er e: ttat :t 'ev>se WS stancar: in Or:er t: pre- re;Jatery hee for reesirm; :esets t*'e C:ta9 A t Act Ame9Canents Of 1977 to Oe. vest cet eorat'on Of Bay Area air T*e CEE sodm<tte: :0mmeets ex::s.n; the we'co a ',a:Ma;e Of :entr0i "heassres tMat will BAAPCD has resDonce: ty stu:y#; t* e a ve'$e eavir0nrmental .ra:a c t ?e ' eve *y recy;e ese of the astorncCde and wdl state probeat woy : nave and again; t*at :t te re: sire: to q
00Hyt@9 for inciv Aal cars CEE fue: a :etit'en *'th the CA S asking Orevice ewss on 'e:v:tces 'r:m :t*<er air in tariy 1979 the IHinois ED A is exce:te: that it ste in an: set a stron;e* stancar: In penution sewe :es to c aset tme ,n:' eases #om to submit to the Ilknois Geae*al Assemtly 3 Cet :er the CAPS vote: in ermc O!e to N :!s Own '80bty Whe*i t*e :e'%t ass a:Or0va O'C o^ sal 'or mancatory ve auc!e esce: tion OCse 300 Ocm hmits on acc Diarts acc 150 e: CEE accea et for a neann; on !*e ;rounc 4*d ma'nte9ance O M) in the iar;er metrocch. Ocm hmits for sw4r re:ove*/ units *tet : tamn,a +J sto'a;e ta** s at !*ie cr**csed * *
,an areas of !Be state TNs crogram wdl re. =
dam was c :own a:e:.aw m m. Ovire ait veme'es to acce';0 an e%ssions acWe Oas & Nethe went Nyeroca con earssion ;n:reases m the Variance Flequest test a9: tren *di 'e:vire :ent'ei of veN: e Datf:c Gas & E e:tnc Cemeany iPG &E) oce'. ama Of more Pan m :o/es er :ay e%ssions in en:ess Of acer: orate teve's mWWF a mM; amon; a SA A. aus semal od fire: Dower Diants in the Bay # Uch 0a. a9: CEE ressted in an a;'ee-CBE and the Chicago Lun; Association , Ama Two et 19ese. 'ocate: in heavdy incus-
*dt suchs9 a Drochur t on i M as : art Of a mante: Contra C:sta County. have tee 9 m m ed mms eat *cvW asW m c amcat;9 to mane the Dwohc aware of the I WI#I
- nroNC viotat0rs of local air pollution codes
*et: for :Cntrolbr; 3L10ractive emissions CBE w'H a so test +y tetore the Uhno's *;'sta-The ::mcaay Fas a:eive: more ttan 40 Kaiser Cement and Gypsum ture in favor of a stron; l/M cc: gram for metro- olation neti:es 'r0m the 9 AAPCO tot has Corporation Construction Perrnit not :erre:ted the creciem in Fe:rca*y the 45e* Cem W Gmc &m m 00htan areas 00mCany re0yested a two. yea' var ance or0- re:e.ve a9 avt*terity t0 00r s!*,, t 316 %1 te trn; it from D'esecution *niie it .nvesti- hen ton :e, year :e ne9t ma9t c :e-a eete CBE v Bulk Terminals
;aus OCss@e sottior's ?O tPe O'Obtem CEE Caht %a Tre mant win re: a:e t*e<r ea stina in 1977 8 'ean in a st0ra;e ta*x containing s.hCen tetra:aiorice at BWk Te minals 'a:n,ty 0: Csd Ws m Lest te*8vse we ' eel the ex. pia.t *N:n s IPS !a' Gest =01.t 50gr:e Of :ci.
m CNCa;; for:e: eva* watson Of res: cents 89c Cessive air DCHLtiCn tas teen caLse: Dy suC* %tton in t*e Sowth Eay ?>e aew 0 3at wdl
*Lsmesses .n a mee area CBE fae: a :om. shoe C:e*ation anc mante*ance e:vCPent e%t ' ewer cart :y'ates ang :ess sy4t ege e
'8En0t'0*s a*C 1r*y Ne! - 41 or:Ciems
' an:n,t'obsOL:es 194910 **e c'ev,0Ls a*t.
Laf t Oe' ore !*e Hlmets DOB D6t Bulk Te*%n-A s asa e: Se C.r:wt Cour' of Ccos County t0 I3I 049 te :Orte:te imrne ately Dvt it C:es *ct :entam SA07 for ::etep af Es% ss the sv.t Ultimately the linno.s Ce! Ore me B A APOD -ear. sj(r.10 tte e'~ss.0^s m;pE'nfe'Ve*e: ecar: anc crevice: me :ney test sony ,n ;, c ,, ,, ; 3 g ,, ,, ,, , e ,,, e , , Ss0reae Cov't ve: in Osg s ' aver anc the OCoosin; !*4 va'ta9Ce QLr evowe~ eat set a *eanng etg 3 ga ag m.y g., ,p V b be*reme CovN retse: tC rev ew tPe Oase Eva Te* Nna:s went to tne ;thnois AD. O' M 0e I'O'OODh: hv0'veme*t -n Dcuyt.cn gar f g me gs,3ne, ., g .*r'st'a:t On :eamt
- eaaa Cemn en ,et a,etre, a :ex ou wes as Our as-eny was a::ecae n t 6 1e <a ser _e,,,;,,.,, ,, ,, t, ,; _
*earin; 5:a': Ove' !*e AP;*y :::e: tiers Of Janud'y.1;79 CSE s arcamy r'!ereste: n !"4'r a::eal was Es.%sse: Ite ".atter ts 9C*
t*e *G&c att0 racy' ano sou;nt to
- ave t *avin; E ACT 'or sure ::x.:e astane: at t*e
*4' Ore !*e 3hn0 $ DOS stri:n en 'r0m me re::r: v 3,,,
nAV;sst. Se *=eann; 3:ar: v0te:t0 :emy me vana9ee *G&E a::es e: t*e :eesier !: Wisconsin California meC w:~4s a e .:oun :u msatten aas :emec m Oe:emce, Pleasant Prairie Dower Plant Bay Area Air Quality Planning CBE s : e:are; 'Or a e;a :att e + ;.; 5 is-
**e Ass 0c at.cn :f Bay Area Govem ents New Source Review Regulations nc! C:urt 'O 'or:e :e; :- / O t*e f a 5 E:a 10 AB AGi sce9t 54 0 Nu 09.n e:e'ai aceev to aa:er me rea9 2 r A:t. states au s! :ese t: *e:ee .se :f s:* ::e s :n a :: awe:
- evec: a eg osai Eur:n=e tat vana;e- a
- ears Of a*aiyra; an: :Ontreaa; m- :c*e'ramt i::e :st ea' D essa 9t : a r e a aee 2'an A *a;0r co 009 Of t*at mam ' cuses : eases 9 e%ss Ors r:r9 *e* sove :es :f air <e*0s'a 0:#!y N s::*sm Xs::*s.n E e:-
*n 3av A'es a.f Vatty Oe08.se ?e 'e;' * :CHut; n 49: 4" *:Lf':at:Fs :f en:s0*; ' 3:*er 0:'*:a*V AE000' **19 ^*s *ar s to 00'90iy m t*i '9:e'ai sta* ar:s or 50 ir:es OautL*"a *as .se: *e* s0g'* e 'e- *e tw0 HC Ye;&aatt omis "a: O* ::se:'O
- 0*e :a' Con 904C0 &*ie :a'* wates Ai. etw *e;;"av:*s 'er s:r'e S"*e arc 90* s9 *eet 'e:e*0 *e w s:L': e O e"0'*a" e sta* -
!*ow;* 03E n ss:sta9: al a;'ee ea! **e r*:ess Of *eeva%3te; t'e:r e" Oa / a'Os 3*: se%r- Otle "" !a t *s O y : /* m ;
et9 *?e O'Co:se: 89 r: a:e: cy 4EAG OBE 'ese*!e: tesL*oFy *
- e a*; $ :t - :* sw Nr ::a: *:* N 0'"t*; CIE 'L.*:
**e iss0C at On seve'e'y weaMeae: **'s La" ':re **e 32A:00 :a ?e :e% teen :f aest *:^ever *at ::a' ::c"a:!e: *** .se it *e ., *Cer :ressure '**m a'ea
- ca s!*, n 'e* avanacie 00mt'01 't:=ndo;y BaOT) aa: :e- easant O's.* e a*t s* !O f s. e*t26al.
500*se. 03E was 'Orce: t0 's:se Fe 06estiO9 'O'e ?e O AE3 On
- s'a:t *O*>!:e*; C33 t .' 10 ** sdre ; * ** L a* C t C t* 'e e'a t aa
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- EE te: 4 3, ee : eve me us: ease 3.s re::*:a y s ' ear:e: :r m sw; , - . c m ._* - _
D.en: Sere:e 00mm ssion tSO n A.;est ta:t es an:: s'e;4*: O Pe *ea in Of W*as-f _. e -
- Ste; :gr ::ete*tes aeo.,;n me 950 =ee es cents % . __ 1 st:::e: sme't Of cr:e'm; NE:00 :: estan ?*e e; c*at ":e :' E:a .* 0*n:a;" ec
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- s:* :e's en t*e : aat &e ot".ty *as c':e'es &e :*a*an o' F e E- A si -e a;t, -a*e. .
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to estan :eo:es t0 m0*,ter sta:s essscas
- ave :e:4e: t: :e'e' M*er a:t :n sNa a*.e' .
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Edgewater Power Pfant . g n, 3, 3,,,, 3 , re m, .33 3,
;, .-*~ 3 m a re ate: a: tion. .eE -s attemotm; t0 nave ,s en .ner, 3.,g e an 3,ne,n; ,,;y,,t, r, ,
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s *stters esta"e: n me E:;e* ate' 90*e' , , e g,,; .,g a,t es g o et: e*ect snee' '*e .2 ~~ D' ant vnt / *ni:n s :wae: ty N scoas>n C:ean Air a:t CEE *ai in.t ate act'on :efere , D0*e* 1 '. ;nt 00*:a*y *Ns :ase anl pr00- 3, 3,,;,, , 3,37.o vs.re 'Nt tr:ce* e. % aciy :e :e:.:e: in 'e e'ai ::grt in i 979 #' g, , pt ,, ;y,gg ,n .nat Nadh staN - ams are Nt r ,j, Non. Attainment Area for Suspended Particulaten CEE f es *e**ents *e Ce;'on v of t*e U S Wisconsin Paperboatd Company in 'escerse te gr e'ovs e-o'a'nts T0m ['.. L. -- 0 EA ::,e:te; to t*e 'a%re :t t*e N'se:asin resieents of W*aenes s East $4:e anc tor 9
~
Oe:ge'*ent of Nat ,ral Estour:es 1CNR) to e,ty et',0.ais CEE *e"ance:!*at t*e W.s:On. ces grate a a';e cort <on :t scut *e'n Waav- g,n DNA inyggt.; te eD' :er flant Orc:e' -
?*
s ee 00 rty as a non attainrre*t a'e4 'or t0tal ggres at W s:Orstn Ea:e'tCa' C0mCar y
- s sDence: 04'tt:J atos ?*iis ces:G*ation ;, ongg em,ssiers ;f Od an: s*Cl t'Om !*e saoy' "a ve teen
- ace *nea t*e DNA ssomit' ::aat we'e t*e reset Of OCCr mactee.ance an: 4;ree*e*t
- tm E:A s:r:0cse:*e;iat cas s te: ?"e 6rst ra't Of W s:orse s State ime e* .na:e wate e:. ement en a tener eveme; '.e ' **at E:a s w* te; p.:n::a tecat en 'e;sia-
*entat'on D'an to Pe E:a O'l t cas as a:v;sery not *a*:atery OEE CEE mete: *at me area 'n :vestien was as a ,esult Of CEE 5 e" r s. &e ONA .nst" ret eves rese 'e;/aticas s* .c te -arca- *:t ces.;ma'e: as a aon attammealt area al- tate: O *f acyrs sur veWa**Ce Of t*se Diant 8'i ::ry tnew;n 'e ores snow myrnerous colations f s. sexently :ssve two state net >:es Of vio- a nr ::m ents ;BE as*e: E:A t: alew t*e a r stanca': t*e'e .es ;*at on as a non. 'at on t0 ine 00mDra' ine core:any Nre: a Fe Ovti. 10 la*'i: :ste m anv e*' ':e'"e*t attainmeat a'ea nC* eve' *0vic hmat evel. *ie
- en; reer .0W .*e: ts marte*an:e aa: 3 t,09 rcy-*t by any state .*:e' aa y Of (*e coment urce' Fe crev:sions of tne C:can A.r rgt,nge 3, ,g53,y : mp,gt,en ,3 gr.,,t ?n,,, , ,s /.e sa:.f :any as= e: **at ve.i:
A:t *e C:v aty et W*as*ee s current *y un.
, 79 ,,;,,3y3 ,,yg er3 y,, ,,,,t,
- eaa=r; 3H ma:n a ::astry:t:en n tne .
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- a';e t. ' * *a t e E e'vic e s'en ce!st: * *e ut:*e 1 Oet: Air: Ort _ aE *
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- i
- e m t -'** * * ' a ** ** e * ** e s t a-* " s e **
11, Case Company teneves tnat me DNA s 'adure to :es Gaate CSE : s::ve ed inat t*e s i Oasa C: mea *y Of
#0 'I , *ean Aa'a' a:t Ae a 50 asue:
me area as a ncn-atta.nrnent a'ea was for ma t t e ~e e * * ,' : f ; ' '- *'a'*. n a "'*. e 'a : e
- t 14a' *a!"e' ina* eaverenrmemtat 'eas:es Ca:Je W s::esin "as 'e:e've: W s:0ns# *** D h c a: e * st at e *"' * *** 'a T s **
- e a t e * v*' '** e r EA Ee;'Cm V 'O *d OBE s *omracts to De DNA a:C'Sai to :0nst'. t t*C sera' ate ,
' * ; . s 4 A ss M san: :*re man 'n; 0':: esse s *'t*; *e o0!e".
s.Osta9twe 3*: Or:ere: !*e DNA to 't:esi;- reraw m a;r: es , v:,e*. 4 -%s. t,a' to emit more tnan 160 tons Of ca't es ates cate a 'a';e ;ce' :a M Waa.= ce Coun ty a - ,O , ,**, * ,
- ren; t: OBE s 'e::reme*:at. ors ONA s :- anrwa;'y E.t ac 'ew e* t: cetewe *e m-ca*t O'!Ns ! ant :* are a a.r Laht, 'as :een Water Quality Criteria f or 123 toxic
*te: a :'*0 Mse *r :C sa! *4:" *as 4 s:'e e:a::,':E:a
- e :NA s m: s.:m1t- < eme as ' ewe::v Pe ::er a e act substances
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- as f:#N t: a:~nt :*at :*e e* * - ,r:e, me e,*g p a : gga? g:.ee ssse:
ta' was a::e 't: 4*: #:1.0.s a *:51 P e en- :v a eM'a' ::.rt <ss , sa . : e . 3 E:a
.re a'n :sE e ! s :.,: :e :e5 ; ate: as a -ee*; en* a: :een ::n:.:te: ::r-
'e:! y ':P:n s D 4*t $# 4 Pat b-e ta; aee'* *as *.ancate: 10 CeveTO
- ate' O.a ty :'-
'e s. t Of hr e:'is !*e s.2e O f *e *Cm attain.
'O' ca%Ciates m W aa.kee f; rev e*s Oy Pe ONA
- ave tee": r: ete: te'ia 'or 1:3 t:v': ss:sta*:es :. .. e ' 97 $
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- 0r't:t' y n *e :' ter a E a sst state me at .m C .rh *as taw ::eec
- Cr: eat'at 0*s M t*ese !:::*s 3 Aate' inat n ::rs sant
- tn "e :':a:t , s mu aan Milwaukee Solvay Coke Company " " * *: >t: :';r $*: ' r ~':*-
- EE :wv :et t.: e: *e ; s E:a s :-
ee ae, ere. P: =e;:n v :t E:a to e::se Water Pollution vt n Va':* Of P s y ea' E:a a:e :.:": a a *en ::*:nece :e*a ty agarst waas.ee EP A Regulations on Puelic Partir pation set U :::.*e-ts ::*'a * ; *e aate' :.am S::vay Os e 0:r-ca*y a 'xc:*y :s e *an.-
*'e 5 E:* :e: *e : t: ::*: * *
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't.:t.'e' a*: *e +:rst :a :u ate ::o:er n WD:7.al Oata .sM ': s..:7 W N;a: ra n :aM at? M e s4*s M *e Olam AaY V t*a a te $ 'vay CD e a s cay a canett a:t *e es:.':e 00*seNat :n a*C C e.s - . e's OEE sta" s: ** s's a*: :.ts. e s -
SLO. C a*p Of V:0'e V:Cer*a?. es:w;es s e*Y act Ga a*: *e 349 ? **P; NaY W. ::*s Ja9s
- he: N =TS 41 5 Ore set S *e;. 4Ws **ese 't;. &- a*: ':.P: *e* t: M ;9ss v *B Ca3 U niWe;t:n 28 4 Aa'e *as :een n vetat.:n ' ' AS 7 7 29 s. W Oata W F Z et 'e*e'ai a*: state a? 00" !:n 3*s s#0e t7s sP0ut M ss.e: n '"as P a 9 eh- -
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- Tend *!C e n ;*! M P's M*s'O'ad as:e Is d ~ e~eMa W f 't 7ea9 Nate' M' :a s O Oa.se :rM' W TOUS ~ II'
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- 041 " 1;<&t *s 4* ** e ** * 'e ; a t *s AI I *e8 t O' EE s ** ': s s as Aed as :
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- e::e: to 'ewrae Pese :::.~e ts a : ve.
*a..n esbt.te a a y ;9 ea':t t ea: e-t
'Or ao se*a;e : s:ra ;e: mte La e v.: ;an llllnois 7 J V J J09 3 0:se ae* aate' : aoty O': eta N*e9 :*ese a*: a<s: Pat *e : ty et e e-t e s:':: ::9. Public Participation and
*e* :o:. e9s are :ve s'e: eay m 1979 str. t on 5:*e:s e '0' .:;'ac,*; at: a:: *; Water Pollution CBE na agam 'erew rem t: ensare Pat an i: ersta; seaa;e treat e-t 'a: . t es a a:. N'ea M s ass. e: nm':i d e s:a:e
't essat 1:oco 0;':ai :ata *.sve teen rev ew. Omen Pe s:ste c' N s:09st *as e-te'e: .rt:
- ate' 00d.t 09 ::*!*:. Or:;'am ":- Pe s S e: a*: &at ?e aa:er 0.anty r te' a estat. a st-cy' ate: a;'ee eat e:S me ::ty :t W. E a t*e sta'e :'Oc:e 'Or s.asta*.t s' :st :t
- sae a'e :':!e:!ae Of 9 raa s am: ?e ea. *a.* ee to a s.rnnaa s.t" L;9 ess s:n*; eat. ' eta: :.:n: :a': : : ab09 OEE *as nn:e'a.
or 00me91 e ne at 9: 9:^ever Tat !*e st :'O v'sCs :D *t0! s.f. sa at + Phosphorus as a Pollutant Slud9e Truckin9 Pro 9 ram :.stry e--t meoe e r *e : ass e' s.a.
... s.Ormttee s =m eat te ce v S ED A en at OEE nreste e: sst ':r:e me Se*e's;e y,,.:,,,' ,,,g ,,,,: , u: .~,....,.g .iana; **y :nesen:r s mo st te ::assle: 00memss.on to <rst t.te a90 arta'n a9 e er. , , . . ,3 g 3 . . ,
as 8 00Pweat'Onal : cal la9t. a9: thus *e $.t. gen:/ t*u:nt; Ora;*am to 4W s0h ses";e ==E -f*e e:t 10 te'~nt $;*a';e omitations unCer t*e ' rom ts Ove' ea:e 50619 S*0re I' eat *ent U E*1 -*a'-ru **abg e* e-a:$r0$es
'eA+a t est'a['-' Er O . ea . sate' -:t. DTrt !C 'aa fm TNs 0:e'at on *as rst tote: ,,,,, 3,:; ram m *e.t 'e:v r+; ar:a::ry Meso *c*os s a astr emt * +th s.;9.f. cant Inus *e er; te s:a'e Pe a.e T:m Ove#cas ,. w. y N. .. a 't,n a!N, , < . e < .e w e . .. ,s r..#t CCle*t'ai r9:act 09 *a'er :Lahty anc :n ;f vntreate: sey. age 00yrt Of A::ea s ry:e :n CE E s 'av:r in 4Latt: b'e ',=E'e:Omence: P,at ED A es- m a9 Lary . ....v v-t*e first ! me a state :':~am tachsn a stancard 'esire; PO to in remov. Implementation of EP A Civil at Of scro c.e v'90.:resoaate fror9 an :0me s. Penalty Pelicy as Men , , , . , se't.'ae:
- g. h,,, a Nr' Ms '.ase,,,
. .,,p , a t:C e* Neat Vunic rat t'ea:"ent D< ants. e u. ,EE
- : s00 vere: Pat ?e W s: rsm OM *as g gggr . q'a '" 'm E u w
- eDt 'Or SOme aa n 9 0,$0ra';e eto !*e Great act teen Or :eny a:caym; re ently .ss.e: .r;'* 4 teir. 4 :r.ary Laxes are met 90* 'eawre: to 'emove ches. U S E* A ;s ehres on :wo :enait es ter vn.
- h0rst CBE a 5: 'ecomr-e9 e that armta. 'aahi :: nut.on TNs 00 hey states ?*at ::va t' ors On :hCs:rCF.s te even 'nore stregent :ena ! es s*0+ :e s.":<e*tly severe 50 '*at Fox River Industrial Polluters
'Or D00'es Of mate' 490se wate' Ashty 's as a 004te' A'N ;ao MC 00Prebbve P hea*C at ;2E teatoea mree OO*Ca'es : s-*a';#;
reaty ** re a t e*e es:e: aly OW't; :r.!'Ca! a:va9ta;e T:m Of AYP;
- 090; a*C e *'t9 *t: Pe I:n Gwe' # IMO s n v 0 at.:a :t'>e r seas 0*s **e* a ;49 'ea to *'0 * '90st *ea v. e;a ta:hres *:r 19e *sta"at!C* aa: J e'a* *e'9 ts as a 'ess t 'a: M ?*e ::*:a* es Jy 49: **e9 t'e'e are re esses Of *at.ra! b-P d EAOI Ae'e U*vg*! ft: ::*:ca" e * ? ;" .t *e
*h0schor.s rto aateraays CEE ras s';9e: o;0'0Ls:y t0 Se O*A tvc V : e Yan.ta;;.' m; aas3:4cct:een
!"at me interests Of OW *e**ers are f ace. ==e ::,e:r et an gaj0'Oe e*! a t On A
- e' a
.ately 'e:reserte y '*e state ;g;a.se :f ="!'01 01 ?*e state wate' :: .1 :* 0 0-t'01 ggg .ts ' ave !O a Cly ?*e EU A s OivW Ce*aity
*0ucy OEe_
- di prese:vte its 00;e:t 0*s et9 Or:Pa? a as t'a s'c"e t' *e ; i ": s E A OBE ge;an ;'ess.' 9; '* a t a;e*0, '; la* e Put>lic Participation and !"e V $ E:A Oml Cena:ty Revte* Enaei to a:t 09 V0:Me re(ses t; rsiaJ aa, *Cre Water Pollution O' r; W sn*s.n et0 .me
- P ranc*ai :ch:y :en;p * :cate:: en :~e-t .:.. *tar ,
T*e $! ate d #s:cesa *ias tam en Se :Cs.t<06 .t s *0t : ea' *BePe' *e M *0 5 E:a en t*at t aee: *:t ar: ad act r0cce 'or : t<:e9 Notice of Public Hearings .p, 3., n 3.,f3 y: ,, .. ;gg _,y
*a C At:On n any e*fer:eme*t 8 t'06 teen e h:Orst N ras 'a"M 10 Or0<@ Z. . die :: 3 e t*e : -:a y 'e<
n.ts 00 %t 0F : 5:*4';e e Pf at40n O'074 af Ms P D@a0 *eavss. as FP,ve: Oy CEE :9a.ea;e: me W s::esa :000, , 'e:e'a' e;. at0rs Or 'e e aa's P ::st r t*e Seve-t* OJL t OOvr* d 2004 a s A*e' M- 0I'07
- I "d #IO
+; d :r e's a-: 0'ai a';.+ eat Pe :Ove :e. Mat Pe N to cest
- s 'a e Sew f e W. higan c
;*e: i: *. e " t*e *e' ts d Pe ase a*: a7 IO r0 e s.
- a:tce aP: a 50 w at*:a': Va'+e ;*:a p O' ..a.a e ;a- H '
IE"
- I 3 3S* M* '
s'*P s s e *e at On :n 'e:."..NO&i 70V* s d M d': aw :: es s OSE
- metre v n1t ate: a aew test :ase ey ac t0 xtar W r*.abe9 o 9 N Fes 'e'ere xeo: 9 ear 1*gs OSE 9as %n: Pat a:e: a:e
],j'55 rtML*:s ^ ag'a a , s : .:-; .v e v : ~
w; a D:a,90t!:e Of eteat to see agaes! neoce aa: acess 1 N t es a'e essea' a, ;am *e U S e ' e: an at r a;a m ..!
! e Bat:0:n i &c:a 00*camy 'Or c0.ates -' ts a ate' 0 0n.t @* e"""#4t'Cn
- 5:*ar;e U"E 3 00 0" # '# II "
U ^,,0SS g ' .' ~. *
- 4. , . , ..,...*4*<*-*42-**e
** * -- '-s O e '"u t *at g' ate ;f N s:-asm i;e: sgt M* '.as e;aa -A a;4?st **e 0 0*:4N :n **e se tt e!". Oay
;a seMeat . n e-'e'e
. . .':: r a : * *** s.aa e M :*4 MOSS' Amer 1Can C ASS 354 as a*
,e,e:y .. ..m. .g . . . _p $ . ,.t
, .. s.e . =
e ..
*e* 5 % ;"i:* *!ervt ae * ! e state ea
.e.. a . .,, , a s s. .e, ..'. , s . "., .
.....a. e - a' CO*:aN 'Or 00dLI:* -' *e . ? e
. ! . , .. a..'O ra*0 0 * *e I+! 0' '-
- a:e a* Pe' :* e
- 3:a'.e
' e r.e e;;: re: a*
Vem:*0aee me'
- P :'e:s:te *e e:e'ai :0.- < *: 5 :- ,
a*** Or e s 4 : e ;:S : r r;. emt 9 5" U " " 5' 3 3 ' '*a- t.t 9 am:, as % m stem m 9
- s. a : e . . . '. . ., .... e .. . . . . .'e.: .: .a.e, Y0ss a~e':a* :e:3.se a ,;: .:-a ,jess:a;a's e- s: :ase a: a ss e: a 1st sa : :- e .. Mus mat
- 1 m :4- : :a: * :EE as a::ea e:t: Pe
' ^ a s e;a v Cajifornia 2:m s: ::'s e ; s E:A a-: am e ; a **
~+.3.. M*'t 8 :'.: .5...,,e'3,,.,,
- "e:'
3 -
.a e*:et:: :' e,e4 - *e Se eam Oe:. t Oe:4.se a ; d'-*e-' e- 0,ee *as 2::e: -Ocean Discharge of Sewage -- , ,. -e* ' e- a s '
- e a -* + s a *-- r 'e *
- e s aa' *~::~5 -'
"- ' '-" 3,.,..e - ~ ' 'ea-
':'e:: N *e :e er a *e .Ysnasr :r:;'a*
**e . si :e Oe:a- e*t : : :t a::ta: *e :e'a e: ::* e*ts a ; ei:n :e: .:- e :s City of MHwaukee Lane Dollution :e 5.:* :4e.e' 39: ;EE **re : *e : *e . 5 E:a :- r n:se: 'e;. a:: s a 'e:e's; ::~r a a ua sa :e a:t:- :e:ar e*! e:eest ; a9 et: aaat :a 'e
. **ese e;. r : s a: ::e'* : Mata : : es
*:.s , W ats e ee
- A*i:* CEE OaN 0 la:e: :e 4 0 *at ** s O'e:ece*t 59h : ' 'e~a ^ Ora
- e t e'"T :*s * * *9 'e:e'a 'eL *e-as & e*: O Pe 0 0.*t 'as *.390 ate" :*2t W ." :*a e";e: *e"? *at Pe " .0 : r :4*e: se a a;e t'ea"
- arvtear .+0-3
5 US?$"I ment *ervs a:Neve secom:4'y treatment of
*astewater :sfore : schar;:n; ,nto the ocea9 in Sectemeer. tre E*a 'eiease cre-g/ J U V J V /rppEpQ o % nary vai regent ons O E E
- a s 'a y
- essec etS the tou;nness Of t*e ED A re;Wa-
~
CF50 . ' S t.oes. est *e coatAs *: :::cse ;' ante; Of ,
/
eie-0tions alon; the West C:sst. , , D San Francisco Sewage Treatment p" .. Project 3 @ , San Frenc1sco s currentry reev sen; its ants * ~ cuatee sewage treatment system. The $1.5 milhon cro:ect - me 'ar;est ovehC works O ' e croie:t in the : ty s m: story - wui nearly elim-P3:e ttn Ddhon ;4l lor's Of untreatec sewage which now :entaminate the Bay and ocean Structural Dia;'am of EDN sach year $49 T'anc s*o ce&Ches are now soil anc. .nsteaa enecu' age .ts .se on :anc the etter :a't es On IFe s:*e #e ne ex:e:t OtCsed for Ov0hc use 400Wt orse tNr0 of the not used to ; row 'occ forests anc :ams the :ourt to ma=e a ce: s.on in .'a%ary yea' DeCasse Of sewage overf:0*s Vany comoome9ts of the protect s'e stillin Controlof Hazardous Wastes Under me piannen; stages anc CEE 's presseg city Sludge Fertillaer Reports RCRA Ce0:scntnamers to favor constrvCtion of the Since 1974 the Metropohtan Sanitary O'sthCt 19 Oct0ter OEE Crese*ted testeony te'0'e mest envir:nments ly sound system over less Of Ch'cago :MSO) has ma:e avadacie 'ree tC the V $ MOLse Of EfprestatatWes $wb Cm-exceaswe. but inaceo. ate. a'te a.atives CBE the outme a slue;e : anes Nu Esch Since wttee 09 Sees ;*t ama invesd;st ens :en-
.s ca't1C Cating :n the C.t ! ens ACv'sory Com. 19M the W*avnee $ ewe' age 00mrmssion :e'Nn; t*e V $ ED A c' aft 'e;watio*s 'Cr the %ttee for the Oro;e:t. which meets monthly has sold tons of siv0ge throughout the 00gn- Sehrutcn o'c *ontrol of hata'Coss *astes and testded in Novemoer before the Aegonal try under the name MJorgamte Beth of these uncer AC;A CEE test.f<ed Pat the cr;ter;a We'8f Quahty Scard agair'st a relaxatcn of sluc;es have ceen ssed ty momeowne's to .s00 Oy ED A to :etre a waste as "aZa'd0vs water DoHuten abatement ;weehnes The 'e't A2 0 and Cond ten their ;arceas anc gre irace; sate Many CesO? :es anc tont a c'-
00a'd & Ce0 s on a*ts As a resWt the resg 89sW;W*M isasWs 4e PCse mat
; toCK Diam at Love CaPa! F.e * @ . av a Ove or sNc;e cr: yCe0 Dy these Diants is 009tawrated with sv n t:Ur3 as Oa0rmuf% 70ere Ie W ssee W O W 3;at As a result of OBE s 'epor* me Wea.kee
- ea: anc :Normatec Or;ames A stucy ::-; etec ey CEE tNs yea':em. I' * "
- S . 0" #" '## 03'80'8 Alternative Pest Contr:I Strategies
*a m; On or;am e tags . ,* e . Pica;c Oestratec mat Se a:cm.aten of N;Nv :on- for the M:dwest
*as succe: sseclym; :0:ai ismeWco taweatec swo;e as a 'en+ter to 'anc vsec 73, y 3 gy,.e*tly reoes ae:s: en:%s ve<y 10 Grow f0CC :foCs :49 'esWt in sertCus '^
on synt*eb: : e% a! Oes:
- es 'er t*e "On-
*vr 'an meattn Dr0oems Oro:s ;'ow% 09
' Y OY $ I** trol Of #se*ts P t*4 Ve*est s':^t !"0w-Siv0;e t'eated soit Oan 40scr0 many OftPe sa9 s f 00# s Of I:x C :*e"ica's a'e #t':-
t:xt: :*e% Cats + s'W:ge. Se t0xfs Sus :J:e0 nt0!*e e"v'r "**e*!ea:"7eafcor-em!er Se Nman Set Suit on Hazardous Waste Regulations ::Ses Of :est ::*rm . " e s e:ws *:w. Oa:wum. a meta 'cunc :n N;n :Oncen:'a- =0:A *e:wrec me J 5 E* A t: :':%.;a:e be' a:0ut me :em; e'e:ts *ese :esti-t.o9s n *wavee aac ONea;o stu:;e s not e;watces :ehne; ec ::nt':n; *a:ar:- ::es tay ave or :r::a:e's at: 3::":at:'s on,y a:sor:ec ty :r::s out s a s: ::ncen- :us wastes Crev;a t e :ea::. e 'Or :r:N- *e t'e:t 9 a--% es :.e s t'a: *a y e-am ra:ec n :. ant : sswa *n s te:al as :een ; ate; rese e; waters was a:rd ? U E. *: :P '00:s c: :e e;este: :y ::*see's :r snown to casse :ancet en ce'e:ts a*c a c- e;Wat ces "a.e Oeem cremw; ate *e 9:veme-t :' *ese : em a s - *e ea-ey :a+ age as a eswt t as :ee9 se; es e Ee: tem:er 05E sen; we two wass- c':ntent ac: mus :*e r e e:: :n a: vat: aa: out :y me :coc an: X; Acwmstrat on as agton :asec eme:mentai ; ev:s rc *e te"est' ai Hera a : 'a ca Yaw :es:s are o*e Of N *etais :f ;'eatest : 9:em n our sta:e of mno s ' e: set a;a rst e E:a n :e: %a; eststatt i: *e :. emica s :er;
'Occ so w 'ece'ai :cun .n me >smet et 0: v eta .se to ::m ci m 50 mat scray n;s a*:
OEE are:are: cetared :o+raeats on me Jue;e Se**ar: 3esen ss.e: a :a't si m ::ses Of :est:ces *.s: :e :rease: ea:e J $ ED A s D'coCsars 'or is0Csal of sewa;9 9ar/ N0;*e*4! 4 Our 'avCr f ear s v ;e *N:" we'6 ss e: A # e:'b a 'y
- f '.N s OEE Aas ?e :Ny
- a$ti" !*.at 'a se: !* e CEE s "esta'0" *; a 'e**at we : *i':<
year he acn:N003 t*at 4:00tich Of **e EO A ssue of 'e;wat On Of sewage $4;e as a *e as.res 'O' **e 0:*!'O' 0' e st s * ::'* s 0 y - e;watcas as *r t on *0wc :ea*ht !**e e*!*/ "4:Ar:0Ls 'has:e * * :"! Ndi :e a';We0 N Oea*s a 'ai'a 1*O ;'a "s 50 *Bt he :a* :'e-Of nsa'e ese s Of !0sts esce 8'ly :30%- 48%a*/. I F9 O so stdl at ss e 4'e ?e se*t Pese a'te-stnes to ;'O ne's * *e s x
., ra. at; !*e 'cce **ac OEE *ec.este0 Pat Ota:Ves E21 96 st *eet n O'OmL" Gat *; 9c
- e s t e'*l states "ai ::" :se *e . 3 ES A Oren'Ost **e Jse f s:L:;9 on a;NOW!L'al egwato*s 056 s "e;;! 8' *; NC EU A 39: EA$ Ee; On V
mswirormenrawF 95005095 Alternative Pest Centrol Strategies in sta*:ss s0 as t: !a= e m :0*s ce'at 09 :d a'tn severai :tv t:x : :*em :a s :es:.e the Corn / Soybean Region teat al tamful e"e:ts 09 Pe earr:9. ment as 4 0'e rs **: 0.**a sts a e'e *ea sy e n::s-va' O.s 'e:e's: a;e*: es an 00mm<! tees are del as Nma9 *ea.!* t"e:ts he a s: :'t. e: a*: Pe s.'m*: ; :Omm s*oty *a f *a v e
;0* e'*e3 a:0.t !"e wices0rtac 009tamra- se9ted a *etafe: :?'t::.e Of *e 3;ea y : :eea e x: Oste t0 air 0;'*e 4'e' ai t>:n O' t*e O'CsOne's eth sy*t".et'C Or;4NC testin; 030'a;e T*e a;e*0y *as *0* 0e00- A *:r" ** t0 0"*4t'09 0* ta te: :v OE E test:C. es es e:Wy ?Se *a;Ny :e's Ste9t e3 t0 *e:060>e test?; 't:wr e e*ts *09 sa :e' **e 8'ee:Om :t * '* "* a t 0
- A 01- es.
**;an00N0rfe *se0!C:"es I*e OTA *as **e 3;t.f,C4!.09 re0wre'*e*ts 'er *e* :P e *a:a i ::s.*e t' EON a* 4.se e a)e: *e%e Oa*- *ee9 00r9rmssiC9e3 ty !*e Se9 ate Com%ttu S40 stances This Oe::s.On *eans ?at 'Or Pe a;e even ;*0 #; **e W; tem e"e:ts Of On A;MC H!Ure F000 an Nytt tion to study next 'e* years a0 'Or*al tes0*; ** te re-EON a'e :" eve's.t e ?*e \ture *f a te'93twe :est 00nt' t s!* ate- Ow'93 t0 F a9y *e* :* eau;&l ss stat ts Or # 0F0*P; !*e E*aL*er et* Os 09 OEE ;ies Over !Pe *, ext ten t* if yea's CBE mas : asses of ss:staeces ; ave an en:n s.ve etes en to me NE;-a".- *ee9 aC0cinte: to a ^4nel Of !"e CT A t0 as- hate stat >Cn in O*"03;0 800ut t*e t*reat t0 sess klare Oest 00ntr013 Pate" es 6 t*e 00m U "v an "ea't" Om EON e s00 $wr e IPe st**y x N[J 0 s .,a v -
an: scytea9 'e; ton cf :Pe Unitec States Tne CT A ** Cr:cwCe a*c suC%t t0 Coe;ress a CI"
* '*'9 CY #0" #0VO ^SG'C'OO'S * *
,,, e ,_ ,0 ,7 , :,i ., , gg,;,,g en , ,i rs: e anc 'e ev s :n ame + the WasNa;t:9 II #I TY 8 0:0.rae*t ;'via; ts ac;~ent Of t*e (tyre ;f I
- st %e *e se*v'O e st rt Oa"ed Oy**e
- e st *.a*4;t'nent in th:s 00Vntry * * #9 I I
- Ass 00 ated 0'ess
- a s 0. Os*e
- as 'ar a w a y 11 es als0 trym; tC 'encer EE A s Ol'Cy 00Ps:s-g 47f; Toxic Substances Control Act tent we &e :aNe' eave 9006 cchC u f OEE .s expi;'3; Nmerous :have s .n a9
; 3;PC u W as N CC-I*'t V$ ECA seems 9Ct to Adore::ste !*e attt t to see 't NnCs ca* Oe : tated !:
*ee: 'or pre *ct impie'nentation of TC50 A 0'08'#8' S'*Y
O "8" #0~""'5"800" evaivate t*e N a9 *ea'!n e"e:ts ?*at may and* "he F000 anc 'h
- a* A*'a*in steat+cm' The A:th0v;h Coe;ress intea0ed TCSO A to 'e;v- resv t Y0m t*at eCOsste i
., ate *0rn ar0y0 *,as *e C seve'al meete;b e'
' , *ran eupcssre to 0,*emicars "'r0m the
. acie 1019e grave ,Se
- ESA seems not to 'AssNn; ton and New Y0rv a9c *< De ssumg Nuclear Waste Dump at Sheffield.
. ave re:e vec t*e w.on;tessionai
- essa;e a Orehmmary re: Ort careg re scr n; Of 1979 lilinois Durmg 1978 CEE ca' tic catec n neer0vs * " ' 7 "'#3 *,,#'0**#
*ea',m;S a9d efor .a) meetin;s 09 :Pe =mpie.
Toxic Substances Advisory Committee #*l[ '" " "" *
,e9at'en:, ~' 3*A . aastes + tre*;*es at a s.'e aear $*e" e nh.
VEE is ene Of t*O envir0nme* tai **rou:s 90 *. In .a t t ' . ..o < et *as ' eves e: 1941 ra:ic.
Initial Report of the Interagency 404 S''8 0" P1 i0mmmu P'"D" ICC SVD* a:tne tr.ttum 't: hee"se I*e 11010 s Af t0r-Steragency Teste; C0mmittet At ?*.at time a s at asm Of mm- ,,y 3,,e, A; $ , ggg g ,1 tp, qzC 83,,;
Fe 00mrNttet Fad re*0mrrenced for testeg 9 'N "" 4 0 O N 0" #
- fer an e*vir:n** ental
- a:t state *e*t a na !
f0VF Acividual *e%Cals and s.* C! asses Of Dorta91 foie e s'a:ra %' e **m* of *e* re;y'a-10 0? m; at $?e" eI 490 cy he *eana;s
*e%:a s The re:OmmencaScr's were maae tior's for tFe *Be%:a'l a*C **e"" **CBe"hC a! 'n-
- n **etaer :L*;#; snew'c te al c*e: !O On t*e tas's Of OrCCvet Cn WCNme eIDQsufe C*$fre$ A C iC S'x *ethP;s n 'AasnP; ton ay r e a*19?C*
e at N 5 4 3 N'dW nN 4*O SttsC!vr e activity 00r'e'at ons The test-
- Swt 'n see :rt -f t*e A!!:'*ey Ge*e'at Vena-7; *e:Omrsencec 'cr !*ese s.estamces nas lll%dg a9ne NE00 ve: ai! **e hee *se" t'e9C*es at cr~aNy :>ectec t *ard cetermming t*eir t*e Sne* e, s.te 1 c asne: Fe NA0 f:r :e'.
a:ve'se tran *ea:19 e"e:ts Sludge Use on Agricultural Land m ss.cn te ecam: t*e s.te OEE s.;;estec mat :Pe 4:a.s ce testec in AcrA '9?* Pe mee,s E:A na:e :veac *ma a s 10 Pe merve t em :' re att:' ey
' r Feir r* a:t :9 t*e e*vir0n.~ eat as *eu as 0r:00s00 'e;#at.0Ps 3 ve'*a*; !" 6 .se :' Geae'ai aa OEE ?*e NCO *as a:t a":at: *: P 4*ve'se N*a9 *ea'th efe:ts A'e sy;- sN ;e On a;r Owtsra. aa.: $ nce !*at tre NE;O t egan ce $ e" e 0 $ te se::#:- ;es'ed **at testf; *e On:Leted :n 3r*0yn. '*ere ' ave :een tarte mea't;s *ef:re t*e I!b. n; et 9s: ear aastes !*e'e nas :tase: A9 t es tver:0,,:ts ae: ::ntamea-ts :f Pese *0 s 208 Both OSE aac e ONea;; VSO ent':r. eata! -ca:t s:ste e-t s :ee; : e-si:sta*0es as weH as ?e setstances cr::er *N0h Geae'ates t*10Vs&*50s Of DCunes Of Oa'ed an: 0.00:
- ear n;s 4'e eedte: 9 Ae sWG;este: Pat "a9u'a:ty'e's *e re:. ired sW:Ge every y ear s.:mittec 00N*ea!s I*e ear'y ? 9*9
*: 56:r*It a3 *eattB an: sa Vd s y;9t to
- ave 'e;wati0ns ataa eaed 00ssess.09': Fe agea y -.'ety*ady:ata we e 9e>r
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sprMronmermaiw' 95005096 California : e,em v: se:rs e c. eve-area:t e ::3, easm; :':;ra, a,: re .-e eme-me g aestes **e I;e*: es 'a e a s0 te :*e a' :*e 9'E Fece'ai 0:ai Lgas a; a~ea:. A*e' t e 'e C s,.,'e t o *.e : e sti. mo'* res:rsue :: -':r at :e ae: s.;;es. ems a:t
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state of .41'orsa est ts'e a tem:cracy can at amen me m!e'agemey Kev e* 3 :w: :* ;'a-S m Pe . Vest o9 fne vse 49: Dr00setion F t*at gestip:e g;:ggr wgg., ygeg. emet 3'a't report aas
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- sits e ;cai e.: *ur#;s -n t e .aa ors ,,een_e. ten ,,,,,, Ca b da en a metre, ts: :an snowe ~ti Solar Inf ormation Clearinghouse Solar information Service at BOP vesa*%e smowie ce 'eg ste'e:t*e gig
'or useUon :e $ainEra cree. eoce: k'E *nvec Because Of our oncert1se on so:ar eae';y systems OEE *eseatty is=ec te :eorm a
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- en W9 4 t';*t of its cemoastratec to ot.tf m Novem. e*in; 37 procesa's on accr:eriate teynob 0;v syste s sve-otte :: ?*e OCE CoE nas
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.e;al Aststa*ce on a pet t4en 'er a *eareg >:y and *as s'so orovi:e 5:eane's t cr:.
'ess onal s c et es an:;'06:s S t. nee ai ce. *,. .' , , , *" ..e '. .l ssr:a s a ceran; ts
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e u c w Fe s nave t.nve t*>e re; stration of DECp ctsion mam ers **o seen tr *,er eformation
* " O' 'I '"'I 0 * "" O Y IP' on tne eetent.ai of solar eae'a'Y c'0*n 4:m,n4t'at:n T*e'e s a ste:a; move, Wisconsin Mid American Solar Energy men 'av:r s 's: c *o e+entation Of alter.
aat've eae';f 'e:*nc40; es bvt trese e cats Corporation Town of Cedart>urg and 2.4.5.T 00E 'e:ent'y :' ente: tour re; enal : ente's in "* d "' #00 "O O Y ~' 0' "I * * ."' ' aaE test f ec at a cuenc *eetm; .n August
.c the Unitec States to prem:te tne :ominercan u t + ! e s s ' e ts '* * '* O *^ *^ a ' ~
- nie n a t n 0g '* *>
an0 Conv ince: C'ticaals Ct !*e t0wn o' Ce:ar. ::ation Of solar ene';y T*ese : ente's MH Ds'; to sus:caid a Contrcvers,ai nee:.*catrol f.60 ce-oestrat:cm gt::e !s 'Cen!Jy Octent al
- ero;'at vsm; tne ne Dicice 2 4 5.T on town teps;ation and O!ner .nce*t,ves to en:ourage 50 s WaW 3WO 4 M is r ;*ts. '. a a y CEE coece' ate e ra e ocat 280 I8 "'
t*e :evei 0 ment Of 50'ar acco:st. css
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- tv M 2 4 5.T and ts d'C nin *Cf' tam # ants re:ter appecte to ne MA$[O DCa'd
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In0m0.on to re0 resent himo.ss 5E met *dn su:es me euruse v aw s : a:rse : e Energy Poh.cy ai:0.,e,e*e<ser,o w n w:e,n ," r * " "'"a n ^"$r* 5 - se m;t e,: :.rm; 9 s
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- aas "is r ea' 'e:e's a;en: es a.e 5 ene: .: OT A : act as a
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METNTOnmenrai.w& 95005097
**st me : ant :e s e: *ea' San **an: s:: e ssre Fat ::*er :: : anes .se &e east Oe: s :6 y &e SC n t*e 'ste we 5 ex-CEE :e: eves Pat : : r; a : a-t Pe s *v: eersoe te s avara: e ::as steat witn r- :nte: :, r e:r.ery
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Shipments of Spent Nuclear Fuel Utility Accounting Pract!ces
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,,y; ,:a-dat Commonwealth Edison Rate Increase * "' W O' C " *nis ::a's 't ;#: s act rea:e: n 'ne ' ate Recuest C"cE a~*' N:OC - eteaa~*' 'at s*' c e-t a* f :sse ' ate :ayers 'e rat.rse Pe atihty *:r tne OEE #te% eat: m an uhr 0 3 Ceairee' e 0 m- scent 6' et tetween '"*eSe !*o 'e a**rs s *% Ost Of 'aism; 03 dat *Pe* ?e ::*e' La*.! '%ss'en JCO) near#; Cn CCmmonwea tn E:a " " ' 5 8 8 'Y " "# * * " * * * * * ' " * * * * ' '*;ms OM'at en sen s
- 373 'e:Lest 'Or a $1;$ amikon ;5 6'.) worn s to 'as aben a woec Y$o w 44 ee n :, ,3;; n ,, g 3 n,,n eg; ;gg
' ate .ncrease E* sCn O'aeec **,at ef'at!cn ^' '
- estachsre: **at t0tal *0st t2 *ste 04ye's 's I
an: "e;Watry 's; *a: festte n ':*e' !*an ess 1 O N$ s * ,t acs:e: P !"e " ate case 80:e:ta: e 'efv'ns CEE resear:n ine cate: " ' " " "" "'* ' "*#'8 I# ***" 0 +r'r t ' y W s::asm ' ate :aye's a e fer:e:
*0 a e ve' !* a t E: 50* s Us*.anage e9t :f 8 $ $" $ ^ "" i: O a y *e t.'* s n CW'E ?*e y *a 'e e 0~ e 'n' 0&*? ::ast'y:tten es 9e Tam 'eas0r 'or te <01w n tary mvest:rs yet t*e y 'e:e.ve : 'etam ,,tihty s ,0* ea'am;s 'a!*e' Saa ef. ate We ca. t*e r rn v es!*e*.! CBE nas :ete'mte: t*at c:*e: tnat me stairy mamtars ;eaerat+; Wisconsin a v:o:sn m ~ e ww 'ese n :a,.
- a:a tv more man twi:e its state ;cai of e's !: cay 'eturas Of $33 othen on Ocwer 1 a'. an: mat tNs f ;ure OcW: r se to 40$. in Partial Moratorium on Further Nuclear Construction : aats 6:n a'e stm n ::nstr.:t.:n an: *Ns
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s e: pre: reha:<hty te eet vste e' ce. *netner tne wttht es ciaas ad! te tne cest se' tutiers to Te state s nee:s C#E a:Dvery car-tase *d: revi:e ce t i t es witn an m entive y ., . . p ,, , ., p e y p ,m ... e q g 00t:ste n me *earm;s Over a :e':: Of a 7 g , p . ,, 7 p ,. p 3 , . e at u p :- Illinois Commerce Commission load year ano a na'f. emenastn; Pe nee: fer a o, ate 1 eve,s Forecasting investigation
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sa y ::*er ::ets *. ave :eer :.qt te:a.se e snc*e t'at ?*'e ::st v e e:trety *:rr t*c Suit to Stoo Promotion of Electrical ot+ty s exa;;erate: ve:':t.ons of e e:tr. cal 900 ve;a*att %: ear rants *w: :e '5'. Space Heating
- e a*: mere ma9 re ::st v me sa e amcurt Of #s:vs n . tit es na.e :ee , sett r; e e:!':
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- ave tee *e : at 'r'e; War eter- e e:tric tv *:m ::ai f.'e: :a-ts OEE a s: Fates :cw m me *+te' *us v: et ; re .se va s **r: ;* wt ? e yea
- OEE sta *e :ers test f e :n me a:*ent.a. ':r sa::ta;e at a.s. P e e:tr:al s:a:e " eat a; .n 197 0:E aac
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WEPCO Rate increase Recuest OBE s :aa e :a!a; :n a N s:: se 250
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95005098 Wis:oesen s E*vironmenta! De: ace sued the Wisconsin PS0 to : nance the rate desi;n We New Executive Director and g:T
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Oma';e: tnat m;n winter :ensurmetton of elec- President for CBE g,,,,,n,,,,. , y , , , o,3,,, e ,: e,,,;en tne:ty wouic recere utihttes to buoc expen. The CBE staff is stunned and greatly C"'c e $ sive e'e:tne generating olants, these movic SERKELEY- S ite 404 saddened by the less of our President te u cern usec in the *a mer months We and Executive Director, David Comey sougnt to snow mat ate esi;ns that eacou r, ,,y, age conservahon result in less expensive We wish to thank the many ce:ple wno 3,9, g e e e:tn::ty anc increased employment. in wrote letters cf condolence and en- ;geg33 3 ,,,.g39 eae*;y ::nservation programs couragement to us and to Mr. C:mey's 59 East van Bur en The 04rewt Court of Oane County rWec family. cn,ca;o Ilhnois 50605 that jucie.at rev e* of the PSO pokey is not CEE s Beard of Directors met on 312 - 939 1984 ae:essary ne :sse *as acoeaie: to the January 12,1979. and made the follow. @e se aren- 312 -939 1530) W s:ensin Supreme Ccurt anc a :ecisien ts ing atoointments James Cannen. tormer VADISON 2 West Man espected in early 1979 Mac.s:n W s: ens n 53703 Aesearch Director for CSE's Cahf:rnia 6 25 504 Time of Day Rates in Wisconsin cro; ram. has been acocinted Executive , N*en toe W.s: ens n DSC .ssee: an Orcer ai- Director. Larry weell*arth. fera er Cc: g g ,, w ,, , team; M 00 to mo'ement tee f-cay Vice president and Directer of Deveico- y%, y , , ny,33 3 ates OSE and W scocon s Environmental ment. nas been a0Dointec 0'esr:ent . 4_; . .45 Oe: ace see the :SC E e trie rates amen One of the last pr0:ects to cr:ss sg a v;:h< Swte 425
.a y accor:m; :: t*e time Of :ay nave teen Davic Comey 5 Oesk was the CBE Annu- 25 Br:a: Street io =ec to recently as a way of ievehn; peaks al Ae ort ter 1973 T*e annual re: Ort Ne* vert New y:m '00c4 in one';y :e anc Tms now: 'ree utmt.es comprises the ancie of this sce ;at 's- 212 - 425 3553
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0 CBE Briefs 95005100 tal, economic, and social aspects of the 4) The inclusion of all existing data Nat le implementation of the new Toxic Subs-tances Control Act. The Committee can concerning the environmental and health effects of such chemical substances also recommend studies for EPA to do. and mixtures. Energy Policy Because the Act leaves much of the Nuclear Conference regulatory powers up to the discretion CBE attended a two-day conference of the Administrator rather than spelling on nuclear energy and weaponry held in them out in detail, the Committee is ex-Columbia. Maryland, on September pected to play an important role in l l l ,l @ ,l $ 19 20. The conference brought determining how tough the regulations together representatives of more than will be. 40 environmental, disarmament and The 16 members of the panel include Energy PollCy public interest groups in order to dis- representatives from such Chemical Edison Rate Hike cuss the current status of the Civilian Companies as DuPont and Eastman On September 14 CBE presented nuclear power industry and the nuclear Kodak, as well as independent health testimony before the tilinois Commerce weapons proliferation problem experts such as Dr. Irving Selikott of the Commission (ICC) concerning Common. Among those attending were Artie Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New
*ealth Edison's reovest for a $263 Schardt (Environmental Defense Fund). York and Dr, Edward Radford of the million rate increase. The testimony Samuel Day (Bulletin of the Atomic Un;versity of Pittsburgh culminates eight months of hearings Se,entistst Charles Koman6ff. Heather CBE was one of two environmental Booth (Midwest Academy). Alfin Duskin which will determine whether Edison organizations named to the Committee; should be granted the increase. CBE s (Pacific Alliance). David Jhirard (Union 'M vtner was the Conservation Founda- Director of Utility Researen David Stahr of C or,c o r n e d Scientists). Al8* tion of Washington D C.
recommended reforms which would end McGowan (Scientists Institute for Public a number of inflationary company information), and Harvey Wasserman TOSC A inventory Meeting policies (Clamshell Alliance) On August 24,1977. CBE attended a It surfaced in the hearings that money The conference, sponsored by public meeting in Washington. O C., to from higher electric rates will be used to Maryanne Mott Meyne' ame up with a state our viewpoint on the reproposed cover the cost of maintaining unnecess-number of strages for combatting inventory reporting reovirements for the ary generating capacity tnrough the nuclear pr&teration and converting implementation of the Toxic Substances year 1983 CBE reauested that the from nucbar power to renewable energy Control Act (TOSCA) by the EPA CBE s Commission ehminate excess general-systems such as solar power. position is that, for the initialinventory of ing capacity and construction work in chemical substances in Commerce. all progress from the Company's rate base. manufacturers be recuired to report not CBE opposed Edison s proposed ToxlC Substances only the spectfic chemical substances rate structures and instead recom-ToSC A Advisory Committee they produce but also their produClion mended that electric rates De based on CBE s executive director. David volumes Additionally. we proposed that actual costs chich would en" :gr& ;e Comey. nas been appointed to a three- smali manufacturers be defined as hav- conservation and reduce the need for year term on the newly formed Toxic ing only one plant site and a production additional power plants Substances Advisory Committee of the volume of 2,000 pounds or less For tne CBE atsc asked the ICC to initiate a U S Environmental protection Agency. second phase of reporting undef puche investigation of the risks and The Committee will advise the Ad- TCSC A, CBE proposed that ali manufac- costs involved in Edison s nuclear ex-ministrator of the US EPA on policy and turers and processors of Chemical subs- pansion program Edison s present con-regulations relating to the environmen- tances be recuired to report' struction plans call for relying heavily on
- 1) The category or proposed catego- nucl ear generated electricity in the ry of use of each substance or mixture 1990 s.
- 2) A description of the Dyproducts The ICC decision on Epson s rate in-and impurtties for any chemical subs- create reauest will be :ssued oy Octo-tance. ber 19.1977.
- 3) A description of the mode and amount of both human and environmental exposufes to any chemical substance 2
OCTOBER 1977
- 95005101 Unplanned Unparenthood by Edeen Choffnes it started out harmlessly enough The DBCP is Wicely used as a soil initiated AccitionaHy. DSCP was shown men at the Occidental Chemical Com- tumigant against wormbke pests known to cause mammary tumors in female rats.
pany were taong their noon lunch creak as rematoces. The major manufacturers anc talking among themselves One Of of DBCP in this country are Dow Chemi. the topics of conversation was the fact cal Company, Shell Chemical Company. LaboratorE tests showed inat there weren t many chocren being and Michigan Chemical ComDany. many of them were either born among them. This seemed rather Among these three chemical procucers partially of Completely strange since none of the couples were as much as 30 million pouncs of DBCP sterile, using birth control methods They were are manuf actured annually. Accrox. young and in apparently good health. imately 75 plants in various parts of the Some of these men had had chddren country have Deen purchasing this W ife stenhty and a potenbat car-pner to working at Occidental.yet since chescal and blending it with other g that time many of the men were having matenals to manufacture pest:0 ices p no success at all in fathering Children One of these plants was the Occicental The story that was about to unfold was plant in Cahfornia. human opeence hm ana4d a to have far reaching repercussions not DBCP is a cense yenow or amber ha- variety of other acute and chrontC toxic only to the worvers at Occidental but to Wm d p mm Mam W vic with a very pungent odor. It is pro-the puthe at large. cuced as an emulsifiable and non- #9'SD" 00 * *08"* *# "5""
- emulsifiabic concentrate, as c houid. a indabon o' the eyes anc respiratory sobo. and also in granular form Some of passages N central neNeus system One topic of conversation tne trace names tnat DSCP is soid unde, 's cepasse caus.ng apatnr swagisn-among the workers was that are ruma,ome ane nematuma (oo, %st am anooa oan v engen to me they were having trouble Chemical Company); Nemagen, e m ess) w se msm N M ce f athering children' Nemaset. BBC 12. and OS 1879 (Shen come shgnuy andate %DeaMd en Chemical Company). There are at least 56 dMerent products which contain pswes mse me n cens m R in Novemoer.1975. Ted Bncker, a Toxic aNWs of DBP can ce ab-DBCP in some amount worker at the Occidental Chemical D@m mpm%4e ea sorbed through the skin. Excessive en Company facihty at Lathroo. Cahfornia Msum to DB@ vaxrs wiH usuu m went to his Company doClor for the vanety of crops including cotton, soy.
damage to the hver, kidneys, and treatment of organCphosphate Dolson- various tissues includtg the skin. lung ing Dunng the course of Ns treatment' passages +ns and crea and me
' ant s tolerance to DBCP. appheations the physician performed a scerm count digestive system These injur es are can m e n r mong a me we test on him The results Qf that test d MF c' anting a Cart!Cu!ar showec that he was Completely sterde C;early. the Dow and Sheh cremeCal - a fact Conf.rmed through periodic * " * '"
As eaNy as 1951 Dow anc Shell testing Cver the next six months. verse health eHg;;$ gN;g Qg[p hgg Over the next few months.many of the vom openeMa e als. yet for son workers became aware. through ta! king DBCP caused stenhty in laboratory reason they Chose to withCic tNs mfor-among thereselves that many of them mation from the persons who would 3 were hoving trouble 'athenny Ohilcren it soon became apoarent that many of the teshCular damage anc recuced sperm result of tneir ComOthe0 neghgen0e. workers sharec a Common problem. these two Companies have put untold p Omy after laboratory tests of these men huncreds if not thousanes of cersons in was it Ciscovered that many of them m M DSCP W 10 m 13 et canger of becoming sterde or ceveloc-were either partially or completely Og Can0er or both stenm The final results of stenmy tests at decression and odney camage at How c'd suen a tmng hacoen to so icemal W M Namat MsWes 6 s Oy nigner concentrabons Even at 5 many men? The workers found to be , gg Occupational Safety and Health. cis-stente at Occicental worked m a see- m sed io w seem cows m many tion of the plant whien crocuced DSCP, tnat inhalec OSCP vaoors sufferec
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(1 2-dibromo-3-cmorcorocane h Could sperm cens A study concuotea in 1973
- 5" D this Chemical substance have Deen by the Nahonal Cancer Inshtute A nomal soum couN amng ma4s is resoonsibie for their ste ihty? And if so. between 50-60 whion Physicians uno g , g what other effects Coula DBCP have on Cancer in rats and msCe fed DSCP as persons exposed to it -could it cause -
,, early as 10 ~.Ws atier the stuoy was Eneen CbcHnes is a CBE StaH 5: ent sf
M 8YKO WRMI13d 5 , , rnPR10 c/JudJiv2 casional exposure to DBCP 'ound 2B .mately 250 comestic distr:butors of an peach council, said in a letter to CSHA with sperm counts below 40 million. Of unspecified number of foreign pro- that. "*hile involuntary sterility Oaused those 28. four men had no sperm at all ducers to return their stocks of DBCP to ey a manufactured chemical may be bad, a'ter an averge employment time of 9 2 the company. Dow as also voluntar.Iy it is not necessarily so A'ter all. there years.nfe worwers had sperm Counts of halted its produc* - ' B C P are many peop;e BC* payirg to have 19 milhon or less, and 10 had counts of More than 2n :.smal workers themselves sterih:ed to assure that th iy between 20-29 mdhon Nine of the 73 may have been esposed to DBCP. will no longer become parents ' De is workers were DBCP applicators - of Beyond that. many thousands of this mean that DBCP exposure may be a the nine. 5 had sperm counts ceiow 45 agricultural workers have teen exposed biessing in disguise ? milhon to DBCP through field apphcations Ad- We beheve that this attitude on the ditionally, Canadian researchers this part of industry is the epitome of th6 in-Both Dow ChemlCal and year have found residual amounts of dustry s catious disregare for the health DBCP on vegetaoie products - 2 carts and safety of tneir workers wniie DBCP Shell Chemical were well per mdhon radishes and 1.5 ppm on car- causes sterihty in men exposed to it, it aware of the adverse health ,0,, g, ,nogia 3, ne,,e in,, ,n, ,,,,, 0, ,ee,,,on,i,y n,,e,,n sno ,nin o us, eff ects but withheld this DBCP vapor in the Dow plant which cancer in test animals This aspect of informatlOn from their caused sterihty was 1 ppm. and in tne DBCP exposure dees not seem te phase Shell plant 0 $ opm ) The chemical has industry an the least Another example of Workers. also been found in smaller amounts on 1984 newspeak. Crops such as broccoli, Cauliflower. A Committee of the National Academy Among 40 men tested who were cucumbers, cabbage, and peanuts. of Science has recently recommended regularly exposed to DBCP, 12 had Since DBCP is used on 20 25 crops, it th't workert and job appheants be given sperm counts below 45 million. Of those is proper to assume that a large sega detailed Information about Cancer
- 12. nine had no sperm at all two had ment of the American pubhc has been ha:ards in their workplace Had the sperm counts of one milhon. and one had exposed to this substance at one time or workers been told in 1961 that DBCP a sperm count of 10 milhon another. How serious this exposure damaged the sperm cf test animals, they Shell Chemical study results to date might ce is an open ovestion. could have acted earher to protect show that 16 of 21 workers exposed to The Occupational Safety and Health themselves S DBCP at either its Mobde. Alabama, or Administration. on September 9. t 977, At the time of this writing, it is not Denver. Colorado, plants had sperm issued an emergency workplace stand- known what the long term eMeets of counts below 40 milhon. Of those 16. ard of 10 parts per bilhon DBCP vapor DBCP exposure are on humans There is two men had no sperm Count at all, and over an eight hour day Whether this a very real possibihty that the sterilizing 14 had Counts between 20 and 35 level of DBCP exposure will protect the eMeets of DBCP are irreversible. One million Nine of the Shell workers tested health of DBCP workers is unknown at can only accuse Shell and Dow Chemi-so far worked at the Denver facihty. this time Cal Company of wdifully withholding the which stopped DBCP production in . known toxicity information of DBCP from Apfd 1975 Six of these workers had Children wearing Tris- the'r empioyees and apphcators Tnis low sperm counts, and two of the six had incicent snould give turther impetus to no sperm producnon at au treated sleepwear may be the disclosure of testing inf ormation The Do* Chemicai Company has subjected to the sterilizing froen a manufactur er to tne pubhc as re.
begun to icok for possieie eeects o' effects of DBCP. cuned by the Tom Sutstances Contrei DBCP on an unknown number of former Act it wih co netNng to Peip the men employees at their Midland. Michiga% sterilized from DBCP exposure. plant DBCP was manufactured there in a previous CBE Environmental no ever from 19581976 Tests at Dow s Mag- Review (May,1977) *e raa a story on noha. Arkansas. facihty in August,1977. the toxic properties of a flame retarcant References twhien current!y manufactures DBCP). added to enderen s sleep
- ear caned . Enwronment Peporter. Vol 42. No cemonstrated that approximately half of Tris. Tris contains DBCP. so crutoren 175.p 45538 the 75 men tested were ettner stenie or weanng ins treated garments may not .The WaII Street Joumat August had unusuaoy low sperm counts ; only nsn getting cancer. Out m,ght aiso 30 1977 o 5 Since the ciscovery of worker De sue:ected to :he stennzmg eMeets of ) New Yor=. T mes, September 27 1977.
stenhty at the Occicental Chemical DBCP p 18 Company s plant. the state of Cahforn:a Recently the Nationa! Peach Couned. * 'b i d . has natted the procuction anc use of a trace association which represents i New verk Times. Septemcer ;71977 DBCP throughout the state Shell 6300 peach growers in 35 states sug- p 37 Chemical Comcany has stopped seihn; gested to the r ederal government that DBCP ana nas urgec its cistriouters to omer won ers *no co not *am chdown return their DBCP suppbes as weil as in. 89d De'sens who wouta .S e to get form their customers and employees of a a'o#d 'ehgious Oans a;aGt De M poss'D e *eatth nAlard Dow Chemical trol be ahowec to nand:e DBCP hoe" Company nas atso urged its approx. < %dhos execubve snatary of *e 4 OCTCEEC 197'
3MEDvirvirT611uUSMh Technical Note o Cleaning Up Power Plant Emissions * # by Kevin Greene The Control of sulfur oxides from A major Controversy involving the in- development of Clean teChnoiCgy The coal fired power piants and large in- terpretation of a Clean Air Act provision larger utihties (primarily TVA) and some custrial coilers through the implementa- that state air pollution Controf strateg.es states in their implementation plans at-tion of performance standards has impose " emission hmitations on sta- tempted to inClyde intermittent Control proved one of the most troublesome tionary sources futther retarded the and tall stack dispersion techniques as orograms unoer the Clean Air Act of - e w y egpa t 970 Though the development of stack t .r A U g gas Cleaning technology had reached an
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GRB & fuTu woB9/Ss , 95005104 legitimate emission limitations to ty, operating and capital Costs. an't absorption tower since two difderent achieve Compliance . with air cuahty waste :sposal pracuCes in the early sets of chemical concitions af e con-standards Rather than hmit the total stages of FGD cevelopment the utthra- trolled independently in each chamter amount of pohutants released into the lion ot hmestone as the scruObing react. In accit'on, a lower pH environment in atmosphere. tall stacks and intermittent ant lead to the formation of Achd crystal the Quencher chamter enhances the for-controls used in conjunction seek to deposits inside absorption towers mation of Calcium $dfate - a solid Coatrol sulfur dioxide concentrations in which significantly hmited sudur dioxide waste end proavC1 with good handling a particular locale by elevating emis* removal ethCiency The prec:pitation cf and discesal characteristics sions over a wider area and temporarily reagent and reaction products on ecuip-Curtaihng production during periocs of ment parts severely restricted the flow poor air cuahty in order to reduce of gas tnrough S02 removat systems. in heWhMEdhmb ground 1evel concentrations Dispersion many instances trecuent shutdowns oe- more than reasonable given enhancement measures have been the curred while workmen entered the ab- the hazardous nature of subject matter of a number of time con- sorption chamber to remove hard sulf;te power plant emlSSlons, Some seming legal disputes that ultimately re- and sulfate scale deposits Quired legislative clarification empha- While FGD manufacturers concen, of which are converted to siting constant reduction methods as trated on ecuipment and operating acid rain that threatens tne permanent solution to meeting air modif: cations to impreve scrutter per. SenSillve agricultural Crops. Quahty goals formance, the utilities imposed rigorous in light of tne appar0nt failure in the maintenance and process control pro-repiatory mechanism to promote re* grams at existing FGD instahations At Mccifications of system chemistry sponsive utihty participation in the de- Kansas City Power and Light s 820 have simdarly reduced scahng and velopment of new technology. the re- megawatt La Cygne Station. present maintenance problems associated with search burden shifted to the U S En- maintenance procedures recuire that conventional throwaway systems The vironmental Protection Agency in the one scrubber module te cleaned each double alkall process involves the last few years the Agency has co spon- night on a rotational basis by a mainte- scrutbing of flue gas *!th Ji clear se-sored several experimental FDD proj- nance crew totally independent from the dium alah solution, regenerated wtth ects with varying degrees of success rest of the plant Severe scahng prob. hme or hmestone in a separate reaction lems have teen checked by closeiy tank Outside the FGD accaratus. controuing system pH within a narrow cr y stal tormation can he better managed Sulfur dioxide Scrubbers range to avoid bnng<ng excess reagent and hmestonc utd.:a on is pctentially have improved to the point into the cleaning hover nigner than for easi: wet scrubbing sys-that a utility can Select a ^H"th'" pars of extensive tems Da to moresena of som so-modifications. the ab adabihty of the sys- d.um satts in the process h0VCr special System tailored to Sult itS tem averaged 92% in W6 whde mc precaubons must ce tawen to ensure needS. scrueber exceeded its design e+ficency that surface and groundwater con-of 80% sulfur removal and 99% particu- tammation wol not occur in the ocinity late removal in the future. Karsas City of the 4aste a sposal site Two coue'e-Flue gas DeSulfurization po.er ane t,ght eme ais expe:t tre aman rGD processes overed ey Lrn Eany attempts at injecting hmestone cost of producing power 'r:m tr mr FGO- industr.es and NC Corporabon emp!cy into utihty boders fired with powdered ecu.cced No 1 Unit which Durns ;ccady vacuum fdler systems tnat f ertu c e coal at Union Electnc s Merema: Sta- avadable 5% sulfur c0ai to ce less ex- sedium toss Oy removing as mv:h of the tion and Kansas City Power and Light 5 pensive than me No 2 Un!t *nich :s soWD'e 500 um compounds as ocss.cle Lawrence Station met with fanure large- scheduled to burn Ic6 suite nyommg before d.socsal Both sistems prods e ly cue to Ociler tube erosion and sca;e Ocal and ce ecuip;ed witn an e,e:t'o- a :encentrated Cha m y cam e Ah cn is ceposit Dund up The numerous techn - stap: precipitater : eas er to dispose of man wet studge
- al cacuities asso :ated with Doder in- Anotrer second gene'at On process ject 6cn systems prompted the develop. Recent Technological mat moca es me cas.: we Wstone ment of tad end su: fur dioxide removal Advances crem;stry nas teen ceveiroed e3 Mw systems iocated outsice me comous. Aecent technological advan:es have Kehogg Ccmpany A m re eactive tion chamoer. If a separate a0 sorption greatly expanded .;cn the cas 'nto*- s:ro tteg hase :s 00tamec 4.t* tne ad-tower acidic sut'ur :ompounds in the away FGD cesign Aesear:*-Cottrea it.on of a soi .0;e sWfate essent:any r s:ng ftve ;as react chemicany with al- offers a coubte loop FGD system con- magnesium sufate) to the s:tution kahne removal agents dissolved in tainmg two sepeate absorter secs 0as :*em stry m a manner smar to me water to foren a wet threwaway sudge w.tn in=ecencent si e r*y re:v:hng ::r- co t e-aman Or: cess eestore 5 ms-Dy-croduct cuits m the cuencrer stage t*e fee gas schec an: rea *ec n an exterrai no:c Those s'aher utiht:es mat chose to s vencred and a portion of SC2 s aD- ' ark Are'e atsoret'en ::st.ons are
.nstan demonstration FGD systems on sorted by me bmest:re 5:urry The five optmai et.a! coma:t Oetween f'ue 'un sca'e u .ts n unfortunately became gas men casses 'o e ~am acr - r -
focal ocints of contr0versj 6, thin *ne stage Ane'e tne '*ma i SC 5 x*er ;e,eraong :0,mu%0n ,a.,. ,emo,e; m sm , ,;, y 4n,,n [agegngy,(ce,yyag;a; mg opinions as to Beir system rehabih- mi es me termation of 5:aie insice 'ne press #e :'Oc f 'he sis'em 00vd :00-9 .? CA 13 7 7
mewinrmema w s 95005105 tr:bute to h gh $O2absorption rates and Though throwaway sy$tems continue prosDectue utinty can seiect from a low energy consymption Through the to citer stiht es tne m051 econoN0al weU docpented cata ca$e a tyStem use of an oxid!!ct a more tr.anageab;e and practical n'eans of meeteg suita' di. tadored to $v!! $>te SceC fic chter.a g)psum by. product can be produced. Oaice em.ssion regulat6ons the high --~ev-* " ' ~ - ~ ~ ~- thereby svDstantiauy rt:.ucing land re. ccsts of send waste management wol The EPA estirnates that ouirements for $0hd waste dibro$al I Aely promote the development and in the iast 'ew years. Other w ar.ation$ coMmerClah28 tion of regenerable 9 of the basic *et scrutbing system have scrubber systems that produce a mar. Coal fired power plants reached a commerciai stage Corre. xetabie svifur product Assumns the would raise the average spond nc.y *aste disposai pract ces have *iatured to a point where private end preeuct win be soid regere at"* FGD $ystems will provide grDan utthtte$ residential utility bill by only cortoanre$ and utihties have patented with hmiteu land resource $ a viable al- b*
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cr emical 'fination or Stabihzation pro. ternative to throwaway scrubbers C 7 ' m =7 Cesses that produce a StruClurally As of now. U S EPA estmates !nat Nonetheiets due to age and space
!.ound. environmer Ily acceptable 53 electric power compan'es have .n. nmitanons five gas desuitu itation r lindfill mater.al from Sludge and f;y ash Staned or are buli ding of plannmg 124 co$ts remain proh bitive for many en:$1 v'aste product $ One mdV5 trial Walte f!ve gas desulfuri28 tion Sy5tems Th'$ is gg 9acihtse$ Several ye6t$ ago a Ra-handhng eompany, Dravo Corporation. a 2603 meresse over the 44 systems dian Cerporabon 5tm inntrated a sub-ha5 deSig*ed a Waste d'$Detal Syst(-m planned in construction or .nstahed by $tantial Co$t different.al belneen a dift#*
for C APCO OHIO Edison s 1600Nege- 24 companies in the fan of 1973 a ren cult FGD retrof>t on a sman exist ng watts Bruce Manst eld Units No 1 end ? EPA held special hearmgs on sulfur boder versus a nen instanation The A cement hwe stabil 2ing agent win be dioside control in the last four yea *5 Oudy reported tre m't at mstrmed costs addeo to the Sludge to torm a low Solu. mformation on the Chemistry BT me. for a BabCoM and 'WJCon FGD sy$ tem Die Stabie material that car, be returned ChaniCL of bulfur dioxide Scrubbing hat on Commonweatth Ed son s W.o Ceuty to the earth a5 laMith tufhciently expanded to the stage that a flue Gas Desuttur tation system cons sting cr sin paratiel scrubber trains at Penns ytsanoa Pose' Company S BM Veganett Bruce Marst N Station Urut Number 1 iPhoto by K H norkman ecuttesy of Pennsylverna Poner Company) r- + g 9 mwg' d ;4W!m . : - @
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. ,.i... 1 95005106 67='06 Unit No 1 at $13 3 mahon or $75 kw A the acidity cf rainfall has increased ten- the combustion area where noncernbus.
scaled up version of the same system told in the last t*tnty years. arousing ttble hmestone particles capture mos! of instahed on Kansas City Power and Concern evttr the @ pact acid rain might the suttur from the burning coal in adda Light 5 La Cygne Station Unit No 1 inn have on sensitive agricultural crops h*.e tion. relatively to* combustion tempera-t any tota!ed 532 5 minion or 540 kw ' soybeans
- tures lessen the fulation of nitrogen The anticipation of more stnngent An edua% significant conseavence oxides antioonution standards reaviring ce- of FG0 acchcation by the electric in the future more basic technologi-ployment of the ' test avadabie control power industry *:H De an increase in tre cai enunges 6di 09 festered ty tre rec-tecMology on aH new coal fired power usage of domestic coat whde low su!fJr ognitien that preventing the formation of 0; ants regardiess of coa' cuohty. nas fueis are preserved fcr ent,ca! a r pouu. na:a,cous .astes at tne sou e ca te prompted fur ther FGD Ccst stud es The tion areas As coal becomes our Onmary less expensive in terms of energy and E ectnc Power Research Institute con- source of fuet in the rext few decaoes money from a tong term standoctnt Tre tends that tough 00Hution Control re. air pollution programs must place en- eff.c ency of current prodactive syst(>~'s autrements for new electne generating phasis on the maximum feas Die reduc- woi simultaneously te improsed and
'acihties win mean a 25% inc ease in the tion in emissions of air poUutants whde conform with ecoiog: cal reautrements ratepayers eiectne Odis Dy 1990 The encouraging the development of more U S EPA on the other hand reports that innovative control measures References estamng scrubbers on aew coal-fired Flue gas desulfun2ation technology 4cnard E Ayres EMorcement of Air Poau-plants would raise the average residen- represents a tail end suttur removal pro. tion Controls on Stationary Sour ces uncer a s tial utdity bill Dy only 2' In the long run the costs of mstauing a cess that reduces gaseous emissions atter they have Deen produced Empha-p u 3.a a scrubcer system on both new and targe sis has begun to shift toward alternative : CL'tord F McCan.et la C r gne Station un't esist,ng faciht es win te more than technologies that hmit the amo;nt of No 1 Wet Scrubbe' Cce'at n; Eger ence Utmty Wet Scruoter C an'e'erc e Las reasona0le given new scient4c evi- pon utants created in the electnc gener. derce on the hazardous nature of time- ating process One promising tech- ,$8h($$MN,(l[h $p delayed and transport related sulfur nology. fluidized ted combustion wnl ScrJDeg C0ai Fumes ECA .pu aai dioxice react;on products Recent stud- offer utihties an ethcient electr. cal Jun e 1977 o B es suggest that power plant emissions generating process that c!eaniy currs Pao;an Corooration ' Fac' ors Aectmg Aca-can at some a, stance from the sou rce. high sulfur coal In a fluid tea bed sys- (Y, ,i0, E$' 3-jj E' combine mth moisture aerosots and tem. crushed coal 's injected into a .nentai P*ctecbcn Agency Pesea*cn 'n particulates to form sulfates including boder containing a bed of hmestone Hot ang'e c=NCa '9'] o 17 sulfunc acid *nich may 'eturn t0 the air is otown through a gna p; ate wnich
- Aali Street aurnal Jee14 197' n t ground in the form of acid rain in Hhno's suspends and fluid.:es the materiais in
- CNcago 'nb/e Juae 13 t 9?? Section 1 m T9AFA 1977
m~nw Radioactivity in the Backyard u n G,,, v d Whoc UhnOi5 attOrne y G e* e' a t AM- 5tcp the 00mta9 *at<0* 0.t t*ese t a t t ' , 0 3 0 $ e - ? *
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Corporate tere 5pOn5;td.ty and g 0 i. e'n. Gee planned to grace and f N the Site b eep t*e PvbaC Sa'e meat DwreDvC'at y but the NuC' ear Ae;LIStOry COrem'55 On Cn ?e "Crth $20e et t; An e Aeed. Radicattive th0'ivm a ra'e earth ele- iNRC) Wou'd not appr0ve ?ete O!anS V erd er O a's *ere 5 a 50 a 'e*0e rnent had been prOCe55e at a p ant ,n a Tre ta+e Aat na! tea n , an at sert. arOu e the :enta-ma ee area Tre'e re56Centia! area Of West Chicago SmC0 McGee found itleit t;taMy 'espon5 b'e a'e o an5 to C O,e' the 5 te A th twO '001 the 1933 5 The radiC8C!ne AB5te pro. for the Solution cf the prCCiem Ct earth Dnc 'h:5 3000r0 "; 'O t*e State OvCe3 Aa50500500 Of :n v a'iOUS A ay5 In July of this year Ke" MOGee had D ep a't aien t Of PLLic ** C a t *: St0vid 50me Aa5 put into hoicm; DOnC5 50me 13 000 Cubic fee' Of !"e S.;h 'e k el L' "9 the B'ea to a Sa'e nCtraai t00 A-wat ,v.,i heapt 0 On the g'Oun d at the red Oactive waste 0,e3 trom tne s,te Q'Ouna ie ve! Cf 'a0 at,On 0' ant Site and 50m(t Aa5 C 5pC500 Of at to the $hetteld 4 85te Osmp However $' ate pucht health H ; a!5 a*0 50i-tne town dump The town cump has 5 e s td a l mOurta nous heaps Ct thor'um entist5 ' rom nearty Ar;Ove National SmCe be.Ome Aeed-Keppier Dar* re'"am at the Site Abe'e .t Caf' Seep L aDCratory See *O "t a't* O'Ob-eait ' rom The Kerr MC Gee CO'poration of dOwn thtCugh tne sod and ContaWhate the radiattOn to Cate anc don t e spect C*!ahoma bou;ht the D' ant in 1 M 8 In area g'Ovndwate' TFt' State 15 5till te$t- ar' y
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Books AboutBirds Aeviewed by Charlotte d Anjou Canada Geese, noros by Jac A Denton Birds of Our Land, Teachmg P:ctures The Eagle Scott G P Putnam s Scns 64 pages writer. Viared Hu rd Da v:0 C Coos ne :lasps the crag witn crooked nancs photographs by 0: n Seve! $6 95 PubItshmg Co . artist Carl Hauge Cicse to the sun <n iorely lancs For e6 e'yone $5 50 Graces 03 Ainged with the azure worid he stancs "The sounds of migratmg Canaca This is a portfoho containmg a 39- The Arm
- lea sea beneath n.m cra*is geet,e are as stirring as the sight of pap resource manual and 16 fvH color He w atches from his mountam Walls them They heve been descrited in poster-stre pictures of AmehCan birds And lik e a thunce* bolt he fahs various ways a cry of wucness an envi- The manual is patted with stories The'e <5 se entific empeas:s a!so anc tant scream of freecorn orse et the last poems facts and suggested aClivities the reanual anc the lovely brra posters pure sounds left in a world overwhelmed to hetp primary stucents learn what make a valuabie teachmg kit pe'fect fo' ty cnihtation There is nostalgia in it birds are all about bCth in nature and in school or scouts And poetry The Cree !nciar,s of the hierature Two Japanese poetry forms Hucson Bay region Cah thest Canada are introdyced Haiku and Tanka and look for a Bird, Oy f oith T*'ac*erHurd geese barkmg across the sky the there are cozens of Enghsh and Ameri. Harper & Row A Sc,ence / CAN AEAD "houncs of heaven Mr Scott. famous can poems anc nursery rnymes incive- soc si pages a~st'atec t, Clement naturahst. and Mr Sweet renowned ing the tonow ng fragment from Lord Hurd !J 95 Ages J S photographer, have produced a work Tennyson Th.s :s a cird book for httle *ics with atmost as stirring as the geese them- ,un color pictur es that show the bircs Sebes There are more than f.fty pic- Listen to the Crows, by Lavrence , ,
tur es of geese many ta en at Wiscon- E"ng'e. Thomas Y CroweII Co . 33 g s'n s Horicon Marsh cu r 'ng the fan 08C85 'uu strated dy Tea team 55 95 ,n , , , mig'ation Some 3 000 000 Canada Ages 70 anc up bircs some eggs anc a nest The autmo' Geese take paq in the migration each One of our most resoectec avihon tens some facts accut each o,rc anc year flying in strict V formation Th65 conservationists solves some of the ric- gg v sig9t has mso4 rec human tem;s for :en- dies about one cf our mest famniar. most tu'.es and 145 boom wat te an 'nsoira- mystenous Diras Crows it seems not only have a language for annoecmg. A Thrw wnm tion and pleasu r e to ail Ano empertence The mother Hum m.ngeiro *athers ' it The cuanties of peacefyiness f erce wamg. caHmg and cussmg Dut can 5 icerweDs Sne puts them around her cost. and even have names' f;Pringle lovaar to their Me'ong mates anc in-describes the language its uses. and crec; ole e" ciency make *e Canaca e M e m % w me w
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- -._ _ _ pictures by Mr Lewin manage to te both Caa'ee e ocu ,s Chao en s Ec ror o rCSE as SW as a W@e p W A W Deautiful and humorous as are crows C1'c Ma!e has rec *nroat lMgs move so E"s**0 w e"ralnevaw the book comes near tne end ' Now our
, vs"a r ca ry Aonc: A n ce's o n ideas about crows and all ".at;ne are changmg To ihm* that any ovm; thing .s etther au gooc or au cac >$ soly Crows are just Orows Ihey are part of nature and everytNng m nature. ore way or another ;s valuaDie
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di . Non D ct.t Org U S Posta;e Deem 4&O1 wi.av=e. wi s a. s:: 53e * * .: r. e +.. .. * .cr.. 53rc3 Maie Ca<c e sv. 2510 19 ( vna Be.m CNeste immo=s 6060s 95005110 Televised Nuclear Debate CBE s Executive Director David Chicago: Channel 11. Fricay October I } Comey and Henry W Kendall, ohysics 14.9o m
' % -- professor at MIT. *ill debate Congress- Milwaukee: Channel 10. Thurscay Oc-1 man John Anderson (R ill) and Richard tober 13. 8 p m Rebreadcast Saturday Wilson. professor of physics at Harvard. Octooer 14. 7 p m
{ , e on whether there should be a Madison: Channel 21. Saturday Octo-moratorium on nuclear power plant Con- ber 15. 5 30 p m struction The debate will be broadcast on public television on the show "The . - _ _ 1 -, Advocates A Special Debate on bbM II D Ild- - Nuclear Power ' is published monthly by Citizens for a Davia Omsmore Comey Better Environment. a Not for Profit Corporation Ottices 55555555555555555555555555551 CHIC AGO Suite 2610. 59 E Van Buren. Chicago. Illinois 60605 October Calendar - == - a , DeKatb. Ilhnois 60115 815 -758-1664 MILWAUKEE Suite 502 Wisconsin 20 ' ' * *=,in 53203 Governors' Great Lakes Inter. 414 - 271 7475 discipunary CouncH MADISON 512 W Wi! son 3-7'17-21 CBE Staff Scientist Eileen Chottnes will Madison Wisconsin 53703 PSC Advance Plan Hearings testify on pesticide use in the six Great 608 - 251 2504 CSE s Executive Director David Comey Lakes states at this meeting. From 9 a.m Vem vship in CBE iS15 a year) will testify at the Wisconsin Public Ser- to 3 30 p m at the Wincsor Inn. 6565 N. incluces a free subscription to CBE vice Commisson Advance P!an Hear. Mannneim cicad, Aosemont. Environmental Aeview and is tan ings At the Ndt Farm State Ottce Budd- decuctieie insMadison. 9 a m 24 on ma QaraN ICC Hearings - Peak Load Pricing e amec% Cross examination of utility witnesses ill n01's " o * *' ' o a $ o c 'a S 'o' t"* $ ' " ** > o"'- linois electric utilities. including Com-amasak i Soecht inc a e man reduce tne 20'21 monwealth Ectson CBE will carticioate. aa conda s med mte ICC Hearings - Load Forecasting Tentatisely schecuied for 10 a m. at 160 Cross examination of ICC witnesses on N.LaSaue. Chicago Can CBE for confir- f amoswe. e a sm a usutues nave
$sovs.on load forecasting for the six maior IHinois mation echnioues to meet air cuahty electric utilities. including Common- stancaras One of tnese metnocs wealth Edison CBE will particioate.160 ,nvolves the use of tan stacks t9ai ca ute N LaSalle Street. Chicago.10 a m. conutant oncemraMns W mream em;ssions ove' a wice area tPhow 15E55555555555555555555555555 courtesy of puuman Kenog;>
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CBE Briefs 9scos m Citizen Action National "$'"S "' * 5'c o'd
- Me S " $'t Coal-fired ele tnc generating unit at Wslative V ting Records
"**S*"'*"*** "
- d ^4' $u"ur Energy Policy W'sconsm s Eneronmental Decade has dicode scrutee's At a PSC Com'n s. issued a 1977 78 environmental voting s'o^er s heanng on SeptemDer 3. the NRC Safety Request record for Wiscons n state egislators PSC agreed wdh the substanteve issus.s
' Ul d'sCovered that. at tr e Haten Nu. For cop e.
c Naats in t*e cou r try to se"h mat WEPCo Rate Hike tr ey do not sutter the same des gn det g,5conon Electhe Power Company
'"OnCV MEPCm for the first time in ds history Air Pollution was demed a 3 4't St 7 minion intenm Bay Area Powe* Plants
' ale increase CBE paroc,paied as the ca Toxic Substances pnnC' pal inter venor in the Case and Hubon Connel Estnet has med a Aoustic Toxicology demonstrated at the heanngs that '."EP- vahance request by 9e Pa0if:0 Gas &
' BE sta'f scienbsts Ae'e nv.ted to g've
, Co is in en ceHent f.nancial cond tion and ectnc Company. iPG5E) *Nch would 1 paper at a meeting he'd in .vaterville not in need of rate rehet have provided the Company Wtth immu-
.' a M o y N H for t0ur Cays Thm r"ceting ndy fro'n proseCL0oh for a'r poHubon d'e*0ed by aQuabc f ooto ogists from v oiations at two of its cocer p! ants
"+ U S Europe aac Canada add'ess. CEE intervered before the Hearing N tne nazards pres 0Yed Dv :hemicat Wisconsin Advance Plan The PSC in a t na' orde* a'te' 3 , ear and Board and orovided t*e only test.m:ny wastances to acuane ide CBE ictused opposing the vanance CSE s involve.
m f* e ;Ailosophy behind our approach a 5atf of heanngs. Concluded tr.at no ment also set a precedent for pubhc in.
'o ton c sutstances regWaben and on new apphcations for nue: ear power plants other tnan Tyrone ! and Haten a volvement in poHution issues as our 'h- data base needed to devetep a teshmony was acecoted by the Heanng A a'.a cuaht j coter.on dhat ie.ei of a win be accepted unto the uncerta:nt.es of waste esposa! Uranrum avFabehty Boa'd ove' the angry obje:tions of the . m! ant m waf e' 00 0 A ANCh human 1
PG5E attorney who sougnt to have it wi r and ine ev.--ment e te oro. and deenmmiss.oning costs are re. solved T*e PSC accu'aSer cetermred s!"Caen 40m the record w h di that nuclear generated electr ;dy will Svifur Dioride Petition te more eipensive tnan coa';e r e'ated CBE has pet'ttned the Cantern a A'r Water Pollut,on i eiece cd, C eE a p,.nc.n m ea..y n nn n,so,,:es coard <Casi e svengmen c ase had prmnted ' nap' W Pnony on the SWfut d,ooce sta-card for the Bay Water PoHution Control Act LGE is p'epann; Comments to submit to t*e u nreh3bd t/ and 000' ec onomics of Area The locai AJ PoDut'on Control tno U S Enorenmertai P'otect on Agen. %: lea' powe' District has been under neitvy p' essure c , EDA) on Me add h?n of phosC0'us from government age"C+s to Uge me t the I st of 00rwef tional P M utants eshng. e t'emely tax standard but it has rebseC to do so CEE 's asMF; Ine b;ect to pe*mit bm 'm -s u ncer '*e . n.oe, + water w can C c-r ei .ci A,r i Pollution CAna to md re-Gs m cons cet a
- nos: ne'.s eom mu : ca' "eatment 'a- Non. Attainment Areas 5thcter stancard and w e W this
_ a e.cs re:og-:ed as re ma mm- ceE .,3s s a :ess u n ,s u t on to standed d tre Co-"cosuc ms not shortly t so tsat e ement f.mi5ng tee gt: AP an0*e- gg {p4 3 ,g,ggn3t e a,g g .n ny, L'01.:! ton of p%otepiaa ton a'gaei m . Urich Oil
,'.uates a'> eee3 g s non a t t al* ment.P31 E x.,e,d,.0 e ame s 'o' pa'-
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.n seto ; 1 e nen.atta-n n.,da y co syxt on 3t a t o cco.zayencer.da, re%e , m um r e: CsE =mdia W.ISCOnSin a' e e:ede - s - 5 = s tn weed se CsE va tue sem me : ,. ems ,c,cavg rat ne m pesed D"'S 5 * "' " " '" '" * "
Energy Policy m CnE s vts we esued - ao 'soue".c'v y at 5"o* d " "and a., ruun 5'ocee'*,eas,ee d * '8 *' nost nbi r a me sito o' ? md t a n . to preode omiss.on reduc 00ns tenm Pteasant Prairie Power Plant Ne ' m e 1 C U " A 3.J
- e e ' ^ " " P D ' o oPer a.t po'Jon sou'ces to ";f' set t*'e
. D E t e d a !P W tm'n' o "' e S sco"sn mthe Se'oce Com ssmn % Ci 'e- .etect y a r 'esw &s + creases 90m s un 'acs tv
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enna 4 Nearer my God to Thee Therc is something fu 1ny about nuclear power. 90005}l}
'sery morning, the mailman drops about %Ie Island Nuclear Plant of Metropohtan Zion Station near Chicago had been Sta-a dozen large manila enve opes on the Edison Co . in Middictown. Pennsylva- tiened inside the plant to keep watch
ont desk of CBE'S offe in Chicago nia was despondent He was So de- over vital Safety cauipment ThiS was
'% se envelopes Contain epor!S about f Spondent that he decided to Mll himself beCaySe of past incidents in wnich
'Sble'ns at tne nearly 70 r ; Clear power And he Chose to uCComphSh this feat on someone on the plant Staff had purpose.
ints in operation arount the Country his employer's property ly disabled the Safety coJlpment as a LUE receNes them as a reSu'l of Con- " Individual F ' drove into the nuC! ear way of venting h!S gnpes against his em. um' decrees or Settltament agreements plant pas l Several guards. park ed his ployer. uSmg from lawsuits brought in years Car. and then Climbed over an e'ght foot This Security 'Juard S Job was to Sit unt and we use them as a basis for tall. barbed wire Secunty fence He was on a Chair and make Sure that no un-mt ng reports about the Safety and observed Chmn,ng over ine fence by an autnerized pe' Son tampered wiin ine "Curitf problems et the nuclear inous- engineer who later told NAC investiga- equipment E<idently he must have be.
'y tors that his only thought was that the in- gun to wonder what Could be 50 impor.
Many of the reports make very dry dtvidual was " lazy' not to enter the plant tant about this equipment he had been
"!ading, even to the expe't$ on CBE S by the gate. !n the normal fashion assigned to protect. becauSe one day Va!f who are famihar with the technical The first warning plant guards had he tried turning 9 !arge valve located vgon of the nuclear industry Bat CCCa. that 50methmg might be ameSS Came }ust behind his chair.
. Wia!!/ peals of laughter are heard when they heard Someone Sing.ng reh- LeSS than a m'nute later. Several re.
**0 ugh the office a5 Someone Comes gicuS SCngs' Since it was dark, and the aClor operators from the Control room IC' CSS a particularl/ outrageous inct. weather WCS bad they had %fhCutty pin- Came runnmg down The valve he had k'N that has happened at some nuclear pointing the Source ho*ew closed Controlled the flow of Cochng
. Aint, usually as a resu!! of hLman Stu. water to the reaC!or, whiCh was then M!y or incompetence operating at full power Taken in the Serious Content that He sang while the guards since it required Six fuii revoiutions ame of tnese incidents insolse Safe'y searched for him on the o' the <alve *neet to Shut off the feed.
Motions - and SuCh a co;ation Could watM the NRC inspectus late refused ground belOW. a'eC7 tate a major nuclear a C C ' dent to accept the guard S explanation that
" of could kill thousa"ds of p000 e 3"d N had tust leaned ' on the valve The
- cuSe billions of doi'a'5 of property As it tumed out 'Ind odua! F had NAC CnnCluded that the guard acted not 1 image -none of Re"1 rcary should be mbe to top of N num WM qut of mahtiousness but out of boredom
. onsidered funny man S D&aW waW !a
- MW Ine inspectors a:So Conciuded how.
But 'n order to eep f'om Styng Sumabiy to MSpire himself fCr 'he f ash he' that the Cant S a"agement had ciwav e at night worryog ior wo'Se ndv- b3 b S se' bot *'efed to ir" Dress upon this n g nig9tmares aU t*e t'"'el we na.e de- *"WNmh
- 3" wara ine poSS:b'e d4e Cn,Seauences
." 000d a Sense of hu"lo' aDCu' ?" ESP Sea'Chod fruitleSSty for hm on t%
a'150 from using the plant S ground below m ents - much hke the Su'geonS m ye sMet / ewipment as a Source of enter-
' f our favorite f e'e <' sic" W O g r a "'s
!avent ej.4.g.q ~h dio dua' I 'lat he U"C1M in 'in % gg, . g , n .j g g $ ny ,
in Pat Spint, the CSE E".r'ma r"e"h! 'N
' U C" # #
Sou"ed Omer appa'ent 0'a% S. presum-Reoew p'oposes to cre"; tS *eaqe'3 M *W # # # ' at!y Cor"m tted by bored or d S&"cCled 0" an OCCasior'ai and regalar tas.S fence. Chmbed over it a"19N m "'s Car a g,g g g,, g ,3 M o'9e mtave W NAC ghmoses of the wonde'ff waCa. World d o M DaSt @ M 9 to N M q 33 g,gg n; 3; .he WStone Station Cf nuC'ea' power Tant ope'at C" >$ "' *
- n 'U h LZC'" Co"nectdu! Someone
'S5ue S r'uygetS mvo!se "uC' ear oC AU' s^li*ed "" U dos'flonS of the plastic p.El SOCurity and e7'g0T y *N 4 " " " 7 " '"# ' '
- O t'!CnS Aeo t 0 Oes 99 ate 3 arm loCa-
"P evacuating Su'rcu mnQ' r nCpWat 0"S '
hans if Y lar"193d gone o*f. D' ant per-A ?he DVent of a SM'oJS OuCf e3r 00 An' e m ne- .e' NW ,v n , % y ,eg
- me
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.a r0' OfN CSEE v o""eNH Aeve* ii.
One Such Stori m.oN eS 1 ge^N"'an * ' *
%.'i'=" ^ ?9 N'e' 0;ea9 S wt P"ySo =
- 0 6r :n the Nucien* Re g .c 3' ., CC .
ae 9M ' "
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~ey CBE D'esment "t s S Cr; (NAC) re"or'" 3S W' / F a r A' Ca F D 5
,- "U DC A W MWW P m . u ; c aro a vame t cas ca' CNcagO It seems that "
'd!0 Jha' . 9% I"One " F" 'e'F"" "O . . . ' e y ,5 p,r rg and 7"O. M*ua' F a 6Cr or # !ae %r* '
. gua' ' N C 9" "f"' T' <'^' .ip.
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lt i ': 95005114 '.onnel would have been sent rushing to in a stud t 'ecently conducteo by of these numbe's were as a result. in-m.. wrong part of the ptant CBE we n.estiga'ed to see what pre. correct On f eb'uary 5 1978 one guard at castions have been taken to protect in 1975 the state of unnesota car- "e Pahsades Nuc! car Power P! ant in cit-: ens 'n the event ol a nuclear oower
. ried out a mock eme'gency warning of r.osert Mtchigan dectded to wife away plant accident We fou dn that no 'ede al residents living within three nales of
% hou sr by going:to sicep He tett into age n cy was minng to accept respon. their Monticello plant. only to discover se a deep steep' tnat someone crep' s uit/ tcr %cn a contingency - even that most of their communications sys-on Nm and stoie his 23 caLDre 'e- 'hcugh a major acciden! at a nuclear tems required use ci the telephone, and in .e' and six 'ounds of a'nmunition The power plaat would 'caue that everyone telephone switch 00ards were lamrtied '.nc searned of tms ine; dent only be. mth'n 40 mdes downond of the n' ant be during most of the exercise
. i ase they recewed an anon ,mous evacuated o'efe'aoly utmn hcur s un % three-hour mock d,ill by the state of *p To our knowtedge the cu!pnt has 'esponse to our report Pros de-t Carter Oregon in the sumener o.,f 1974. at the t neen apprehende. toca steps to remedy this def.c enc y ) Trojan Plant, also ran into communica-We atsa found that on!v 'our states tions problems Rao,ation memtering ~
Nue NPC app'on d evacuate : vans personnel had to suomit their find:ngs Personnel would have been t,en ,n nese stmes CBE touna inat from pay teiephones t ?cause they had Sent rushing to the wrong 'ests of the evacuabon ptans semom no radio-telephones in their cars part of the plant. , eided re,ssu"n; resas rdeed me ti anc op,n, during in s drai a voiur.-
. .ents resul ting Nm mese tests re teer recewed instructiors from the plant m odel us mo e o' mcues styn'q the staff They raid Go West " Even* ;aily.
Otner guards at tre f.inste^o Stat.on *evsMne Ccis than c' ^ tat *" soud attee a,,vmg 52 maes and runmng :nto
.. seen fit to a%se 'ncmw <es n, %D" 'o see happ"n .n tre e.ent nt a r ,u - the Pacif.c Ocean he caned the plant nr g at bits un the on t, s ;ronen , c ea catastrunne back to ask. 'Is this far enougV
. " " xgh the g aa'as Ae'e w.pnoe,ed a 5 arf 17 !M a General t,
a dutf Tho 'qC 'e:m t of n s in. Emergenc y cw was held at tne Fort St et ytes myr, nr'actetsnoctrq ,, . i .. . Vra.n Nuc: ear Dower piant in Colo' ado a oCCuf 'n l' . Je s q^<sted A ~ d fe q , . d:d Call e "T " g e n '- p' ri tut mi so re ti De ann =ts Aans Setv'ce agencies in the state to tell them
. . ss amus r g toue o' nera- that there nad eeen an ~ inc: cent at the
- n'#t sece t , n.oN es 'a's Aca . Acco'd ng to p an the otant mas suD plant But they neglected to te!I the sate a gua'd re: Pas Amch me NGC posea to te are to cemmun ca'n is c3 what Ond of " incident had occurred.
. E.nd at seve a' s'ations At ne La 'Nt.esf: t% S'a'e Pol.ce tho ;ove' how rauch " radioactivity had been re.
.s :30mng W iter Reacto in // s . no' anc t"e surrounn ng 1^. sh : 0 ' f eased or in what d:rechon the erd was sn .sne'e tame ra.o been c' m nal ^ m- nme nonutes Tne dem (nx n at - bioeng 1e 'r'ents the NGC k Jnd that the om cul I'" nea'U( l e h P' " Wps
. . i ' : a t . or's o ' t ruce '; eds ha1 Dee" C ' e e' ' r % N' d ul n '" " r l' ' ' ' dan-
. r.* cited D/ the Gu Pd Sevce Con- 90' .1- 3 40 p "' *"' . "e m o- Emergency telephones did i m ' so as to g <e t% mn'ess 'n ?%t "'" 5 ! m-" G "Y < '" W " " ' i r 1 $r' not work.
,
- d reCeiv ed f a' "e "a " n ? 'n f
"'C L C A "' Ah Al'5 ' '* * * " C pW
,e n f act the Case O esb*"o C' 'N ' M " O s ' ' 'l ' t I "'"*
.Nra f or reveated ?" TI 90 soe"w ' tr .
nrntner '? Ansn p in 't. U< i *. a s Of course. one of tr e reasons for
'rt fo' the emp'ession "tt inot ra'
, pr < n 'ru.ne(! Of ", p dar po ho!d ng drWS is to pinpoint poteatial 3t 'bo
.* ;Hant is no d tie'e"t an eD' tit-T' prcblems So m'ght have- been ex-
"' # ordinary f ac t,* ,
' p t a.g ' o 1 ta Optra w, mom Docted that eleven days later. when
- a s . .m m. s , A n s n A. > , .w g there was a real unpianned release of
' ' " Generat Ac_ --
n "-
., . g e a 1 a , < :.,.. ., ,. ., e n
. ,as also mest ge a se , .e ....n .e. ,
adioachve nehum gas f om the Fort St
,s y ., 0 3... r
.. e power piants at w nr - " V'a.n Piant proolems that had a'isen
, , p 3, 3 e ., , e , . ~,, n o q , . - , ynt 1 -d in the G AC woc ' t~
- a.. ' dun9 ?"e dil might have been cor.
ad that thev cud n ~ ' - c~ ' ' ' c "' " ' ' "b' ;
'"" 'ected n o's to v ta' a'ei5 t. .
, a. -
> - . rt m w ai Not so Once again pla-t personae!
, u m ver or ap. . J . ". ."' " ' ' ' " *"'* n' t5 Ca"Od er 0*genC y autho':hes Once i ,n no grei-d .
' r i' aun " n 'o,got to ment on how mucn
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. . i: ., , i ; .i . 'alat ca sai m /olved o' w"e'e it mignt
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3,ch'ang a a >a~ -
^
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Y"' 5"'e'ded He waited se o . ' -
- 2 ' ' < E * ' "'O'e d:'f,cuit'es a'ose The ame ,e e .
g.- , . D'a-t ^as e <a.:uated at 9 50 a m out
,is fed to fed i . v. - "' - ' ' '^t
' Sf 39'ed" C'"gency serwces were not m','" led to t *te ala" i L V t' . ."1 ^' "i'
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3 ,, e r. we" . , ' a- t ind fma% found out
- OCTOBEA 1978
- i errArcomema < u '
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"It's true that sorne cracks have developed in the safety systern's steel housing .
But there is no threat cf danger, as Dr. Morgan will explain." mo ancut tne amcort B t 'u a t , tne Bree., s F err, Nurear % w "a-t went. wot about me incident to avoid
' re sneitts o" ce~t " e, , : ,ea Decatu es trama The e
' e sivted a,vnanc
.c' an' As a resst n,c t e o coe, a .een ta n to ren uwa .i x, e in t.n '.nc .n.esogano- a scovered that t a' re' ease c' 'a101-h ' e a'ge sear *h for an mr lea in two n y t < .r %u ine rnant sta'f nad Opera'ed a try CnCO
'Do s of ;;eCOtr *%" nan D' an i E 00 Ih* F"Ott*" dE **F ! 'l d'1 h etnO1 Of ti ,.; to roach emer.
. , w ea tro m a sat,. se - va v.as n gw inmmatue genc , som os 0 e ca" . as made to
, r- natea one ey t o t,me tw see sas o.' : roa the court, snen't ano a d, i a-swe nis
- w, it ad burnej Frougn accom telonnone Semia" / can atte-ot was tan M B ' ' . 4 f. I e r ' , 12'"*
s.' ' " ') mado tn f eath eacn )! the principal sup. C,m,l Defense!carned of the < m.o t , a . , y , a c o a. .. . ' n o,1 ,co o..s n . y su, rounding a ea u fire in the local cof fee shop. .
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. ,J SABOTAGE 1S A FEDERAL
. OFFENSE .
FOR R. u GUARDg v . , . s ,, ,, , , ,, ,,,,.,,,,..,.,,,.,.,as.,,<.,,,.
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i..,, Nuclear Power and Civi Liberties " " 6 Tno consequences of nuclear reactor sabotaac arc so great that extraordinary measures are requiroa to protect nuclear facihtios Thc30 measures ininnge upon the civilliberties of a large segment of Inc population Da . ,1 Dinsm r., : 2 ~ .; ,
', .- a funca" e : c , *, c t + . t v . .r ,
ri- s - ':. t u" the costence of institJor'al n'ec ha-
..o 'cs t "9 Cf ruc ea' r *,e' .t"1 3r - *
'is.'o' 4
"! in nisms mainta'96ng security with!n a
' s ' Man y pre; > ,
- t , s ? % ,qt i
'.n' ,
*. ', 'u .j,Oorread !ndustr y O90lOy ng thou-i' mM wa s A ' ""'t s ui f *1 " ..t:.
. '!. ' *) 1. ' h. if e s,inds of people. has a Ch 'ifec t "
,a 4+?drs agO A 3 t .hD 'aS'
- il' 'i' 1
't C *?Os on Civil hDerties in the D ,0uldt 00 at la l$0n earts or i 'si tx.u -i 'arae soned t' inn ;nn .9s, The greatest potential threat to Civil
. . . n .nterono o a . , ., a , , , , . I should rather read the Bill of anernes nes in tne poss:0totv tnat secu-
.o. s nas. a 'e -
Rights by candlelight than ,, tf forces wm Dercene cwinans out-
..,,n.c a.oe,..... , a .
not have it to read at all. s>do 'ne nuciear incust<< as ca g rous
,cc, t enct: '",.. ,m - j- -
Daed D:rsmore Come r 's P*es'Onaf of CBE
!" e A r' - i" ', .
s,, was a >e ,ter of the mc'ea' P'otderat on 1 -): , .
,, t y inri n.a Fog.ute(*$
- 0 esCP / 33"el Of "'e C" C e
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O' DSS 391 a s S or 'nWno1 D / W Ca Orata [ qorg, F",m t.iss,3n .n sef vf"ai Cr0Ceed#g$ i
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- i .. . irquo is an ...g.' w 'oss en 'e v'O' sabotage aad
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' i 95005117 h go Aho might tm pa 'sto sod 'n tha Dur:ng the Ust t wo yea's Snwever. t vielence increases. soCtety's tolerance
, a, ,nc ode non vic+nt PCnter s and have conduc t"d re'.carch 'nto th" ""h - M "5" ^ hop Nr must decrease
't ose v.hO fonierit wort. stoppaqeb at hood and the 'eas teht, oi reactor sebo- Russe" av'es nas said inat a Ari ys potentral saboteu s r and 'e'ro' tage Atthough my report on tNs subject p!utonium economy "provides the first
's's because spectahsts in securdy has not yet been Cleareu iO' pubhuation rational lustificabon for widespread in-
.Str,tedores tend to dis'egard the d s. mV tonClusions a'e telhgence gathering against the Civihan a
mt ons among d fferent fo'ms of p'o- The possible consecuences of a popu'a bon In the past, lederal Court) test sabotage-nitiated reactor acc.de,i are have ta6 en a s6 epticai view ci attempts Cnce institutional mechanisms to so seve'c as to raab e reactCr sabotage to justify soving on .aa! onal security p'etect nuclear faghties against 0 =le' ~ a sCtretat risk as great a5 er greater grounds but with the w ery real threat of na' threats are created "650 Operating than ' hat posed by a nutlear 40apon nuclear terrorrsm in the picture, that jus-thom may be tempted to atn se them or Given that terronsts pre's" targets tification ,s going to sound very con-n emergencies to espand the;r Cftenng low nsk and high vis biht, nu. vinCinqi Elsewhere, he said. "To the scope beyond what wr1 originaty in. clear reactors rank high on a hst of po. extent taat we nave civil hberties at all
'e'ded Pa'k inson s Lar "phes to the tential terronst targets locav. It is because we have not had to
- v. u ri t y and InteHigence c ommun't y The NRC has greatly ove'eshmated ask questions hke whether it is better to
^"/ Apparatus di signed to spy on one the diff, Cutty of planning and carrying lorture a susp0Cled terronst than to let a n i't if the populaban wilt tend to en- out a suCCesstui aci of reactor sabo- city co up in ' tames -
% v! a'itil it is spying On the who e tage. and the security measures laa en it'pulat on The logic behind !r s te" by the NRC to da'e are inSut?icient to voc, ,s compelimg for perfect 3ecunty prevent such sabotage from toing More than 21,600 people t :;oss ble only with perfect k noe place Would be subject to at;o of potent.a? tveats no r"a'ter for these reasons. I ha<e been a investigative Clearance by va mn oto or imprenan'e they n av tm strong advocate of upgrading the secu- 1985.
're civil hberhes threatene d by rity and sa'egua d systems at cw.han
' power are amone, thmo quaran- nuclear pour piants 1 '
n, tno B.11 of Rghts m the Unded in order to pursue th':, rneshno f o'tunately. we do not have a pluto-on tS tut ion Thov ncNde N further we must d,stinguish between a niuneased economy and the prospect An endment ' ghts to t'D" %ench plutorhum fueled nuclear p r og rie" .n that 4e wat ever haVO one dims rapidly e ! ' is 40"1 of 3%cC a? on Tri,. Usa volving breeder reactors and spent.fuei M snlar and other renewable sou'00s of
, de the guarantees of the Ion'th reprocessing on one ha-d and t" e' ef"
- Tv L'ior"e eCoromicaWy CoTpets-
' r
, ;h ['ghth and f ou'leenth ATPnd- ishng hght-watef reactors n'th no %ei to,e W:th b'eede' reactors We do have me, a gamst unrenorab!e seVCS a"d 'eprocessmg on the other hght Aater reactors. hCaever and out
, a
*e se'f-inCrinen:it on and CCe'C ve in the breeder eCor rm , la' y premt noctear prog *a'n Contemplates
. s. m y ai activ w.rdt'e'pt9 amounts of plutoniu") am MM @ approilmate!v :'00 suc*i reactors by the o uros.f ted bv m a co m a"d E d *rs'on o' huac"9 3' 5""'# "$ ,fbr ' y a, m.y How doos the civil hberties
+ n nne s ace ,
4d : c' in the fuel Me ospeo w dema th' eat .' sed b< thes" reactors d.ffer
- f. ' t nD transport to the fuel fabocabo" 'v hl, l'nm that D'o '.en t e d b/ a p!utonium Small private groups h.h *7 Uh'a'ned etnnum, th s plutonium c an turn n -tn W or:6 As Mnq a'> the spen! fuci from hght-Nuclear reactors rank h i9h on
. ,uciear weapons Tne matou ,s , to u water 'oro's is not reprocessed to a list of potent.ial terrorist <c tnat it Can ne ad to mm o i ac nn'+n ovemum there is no danger tnat targets. 'og cat weancm een by somoc* ^m bomn-a'ade nuciear matenat m ght fan does not 6 now how to ma.e a numea' into tho wrong hands No such speciat Domb [ither deVtCe wnu:d t. ;maa nucica' matenaiis avaaanic ir a tnrow-e , ommitted to m.. pre. t.oo ci enough to ce capable ct bow; com vai awa< nuclear 'ue' Cycte But sabotage tr eedor~ J. s ar . .. w a- ed aad transported w.!no/ wm : on o' nucioar power reactvs. waste stor-
- g. . , y; A spo. osaian 's' ( rnm r ,t"e' devtCo tou!d give a 7" ,D n' d's - a g" 'aC dit'es 1"U t"e Casks used to
. h sCr' rec lia'! , M l' < l ' '
Jil' Ments the destruClise DOlerdi ei a na. t'ansport spent fuel remains a possibih-igenst nuc ey 'ar' ' "' f ". bon state 1y Of thoso ""ee 'elCtor sjbotage
, nshed w.t* " 1 am'. v .i An ord nary . :nanm, v ' N "' . J o i Do ' " s t y'eatest threat t ,-
m than th. ,i<na. . :a: i oa.n numbe' ^t dange"," . + ?!) o I beo n e ' hat nu' u g
's e a: ! C ompas 7'1 . a 1' '
'S' 'i 7 C C an ' y 'ANch civ il ' be .s a'e -ind waste #: f ora" Oe 4 r l SplaCeTe"? n4T'.d! n' o D'O!OCted lsafdod ill n' ' .utside
~
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'l# In hrf ]fl 6i.gfe' ;g {}(;?t( e %$ g!61 ' Q ' ' 1- 9'ouDs so tha' o f '3u C -
- c. stry lur'ng WcrId /.# il ' ' ' ' ' , PV "
ate aU *e 1 W in" L"' o # "Y Cess wnutd be ' ' maa e such an r' ( s t r ', s 8avorite taf f to " ' 9 0 4.h H 'V ^ '"" ! Y 1 't " a e ' . . . m ' n 'n a%dJlt w e!y G ,.ary g nuclear facih. Ve3 do fou want to r t o
- in- a s~al g' < - -! J u de"t s s , r,
- o m ' es to tms entent wou'd reauce far more l'q ? 'Nt is hart f '"e ?; e
_ R 11
- pes ' ' "+ . ; o' n o t ^ ^ '
"< C D*'prehoa v s e "'Oasur es than are no w c' ~ ^urse but it it A e'o "" 7' Y DooDe p4'.U" Y bo d Y lt' " a! C o*'"DM f 01 n y the r@C and those
- r. + or ' ad the Bai s W .;- , . c , s o n t "- .
ui s . < . -t r - h 7 ' "'an not have it * *; 'e 11 at . ' '" l'
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i 95005118 Environmental Briefs A summary of recent events in the area of science and environmental regulation. Energy Policy: (NsC' ear Powers Front.page sto' n 'Fe The Gene'ai ACCoenhng Othce IGAOi * , issued a report e.e'.= eno of August 12 and 13 t'e'a ced a "sa:or uv ave in 'eCommendmg tighter NRC regulabon of low level waste treat-4e development of nuclear f:ssion at P' nCeton Bs! "' e ment bste'ns at reactors and suggesting that without federal De0artment of Ene'gy stated that no b'ewntougn had been actcn 'o reduce volume of waste produced availaote d'sposal v niev')d and that it wdl be at least 60 years De'o'o 'Mo VCh s'!Ps CCwd run out by the mid 19BOs The GAO noted that n'S ntdlear fission D'oduCes ratults The SC'enb?'C Co"mott / Aaste !N3t' ent systems at nuclear power plants "are not re. 5 d t tided ov er the sign 6f'Ca"C e .f a,, 0: c'. C ei, t ac 'i " o , e A -i in ~ same degree as safety systems by NRC be-iwn! ' $Cler'Ce September 1 ) cmse !ney 20 not Conside'ed as signifrCantly affecting Dubhc Tne haC ear Reguory Comm w on mci on Aug m ' hea'm an1 sa'et y Out the report says reactors have suffered
; s, permission fo' Cont hued CO st'uct on C,f the SeaD'nn* nM'Cas D'CDiems W.th such sys!Of"s (lDid )
./ w' Power Plant Over tre strCng to.ect ons on" 'o1 nn- A 'eD"'t ta the Nat<onal Academy of Sciences has found fnv ennmental rCieCt on A qerc y B . staM anti the U S % .oro d' awns s .n what is now the best regarded technique s a"d ,WJhte Se'..co EP A A n s"atc' Dc4 n N"e b stoong 'ad cactwe wastes ' Vitrification - immC bihzeg a mi tne Sean'oca com M s.s'e' x r' r t m "n " < ' n' 'ne uw' n gass - s nother as stable nor as permanent as
. Tr e New Hamosnoe Audmo" Sow, n1 the N m ! n] hadL m inca cnt anordmg to the report The Department of i
- C Wton on 'M.' ear PD ttv ' ap. 'i n y " s '? . ~^
En.?' g , no n nas 2G fMO metriG tons of highly radioactive
,,!e C ramshs i ham o' v's M ' r "' "a o 's t " s' r" ' <.a:'e' e *o noCra' < sto'agi awaiting discovery of a " safe"
..at w l d sc w w o ' P ' m 1 M. mo't,r1 of d' wo% ISMoce August 18)
", '+ + i: ' o . .s .Mou P es.deni Carter aeciared an omer-w.st iP 1,. m ,se ne w m *. .
- - ,uC' ear a w. > :am enna .o c rd n r- .
n' vm , ed
- me Dmaster Rehef Act in the Love Canal section
,,e oct " ; "s s , ren%m . w eF < ' of N m m rCs N V where at icast 'O known CarCmogens
- r
.ae i En.P ?n men t Rear.ee r E w ?5' ". ' ' - ve e;. no mia the om.ronment ' rom an old hazardous wastes
%a rst h . ..ev Ponen r o s g o.o. .
ao s. if n Au@st 111 A Circuit Court has ordered Earth. e .'e s e, ne ' v s as. ; 'c' a ~ v,c ' . ' ' e . -^ .. 'vm m r 2mo.e thousands of carrels of hazardous
. ' a d deve r pment c' 50f y The wnahres 6' a *5 *ul A.h'"> D/ od at a U n1f i ll in Wilsonville. Ill nols The site had y o' ! t 9 3 r ., Ne3 ven ano a ,: 3 ,* 2: tw . w' .ed tw :lhaois EPA, which found that the site was
.yi mayo DN se' ' ? O CC n0' esc. eCVm&.f"H "DM . A B ! Wsonv 'le residents. acting with the llhnois yrws $epte ,< t .i t ! , Ve' P CCrvnced the judge that toxic substances
- M. is aCoarently the first time a i . i
- States Uta t es C n"'Dany ,innvco1 ", d t .r g b *NS S O med nucm J gener 3'.r'1 # ? S at ' t B .e H - "
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s- "f.W'JDOM ReDorter August 25 ) i- * = a s a t a , ., ,o. v i .. +. - : e
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. . . " Podution ControF A lederal Task Force on Environmental
.as o%t '.'1 A'.m Pm ,
A. , e' . '. ,w .' wt Hea't ird L ung Disease has found Inat "the en-
;emanc a 3 '.i - a w -' o . ..c ._' , ,
" na.e C'eated may now be a major Cause of death m v m e.,
is 'r e , *, ,, . n ' ,3 ? a , ne ', i htes Tere 9as been a f-ve fold inC' ease in
,Li A '0DCr! 4 D a V' " 5 . ' " " "^ ' '
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'^e Condshons since 1900 Together they s
p -r ,rA .n 7- t .a * ' 5" "75* Cf dil deaths in 19ML as opposed to 12^;in e 'aat sin ero g , , i . Wm 'and m h c 2 tTT "a ^ et' " ' r o: ' '
's
' "s' ti'.ed Cost of these diseases iS in8 bdhon a
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- A r pojtut On 1 ' ED A repo't has found ' d'araatic deChr'es in a ud Jarbcj yn t"a,y " p"m. , g- *
W Duf tan a d non urban areas of t"p north-
'an'jnn'Co's w De ac e . C it - i' ; .i ,. ,gq
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7, ; , t' ' '04:00 to SCme Cf "'e "oSt d3 main 9 CC'O <PS ' ,7 . .
,e ,.mq .,e c y mMty now CCCurs in the D a
. g W NA .in ED A Case study ot 19e Housto"-
fOsic SUD5tances i '. q y7., *[- M,r'., ,s.-. , i e 1
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- 4 95005119 Nearer Than Browns Ferry A 2 70* crack in its reactor piping may have brought the Duane Arnold Nuclea: Plant closer to a meltdown accident than did the renowned fire at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant in 1975.
ti Daod 0:rssmo e Co"'ev Urf o recent'y the Ma'Ch 22 t '4 7 5 'a n Da% .rg photo As a resu t ? e ' ^ t C f ^ r EicCthC Allt probably spend more than a! t"e G'o Ans Ferr / Nu 'rar Pn A o* m.16? Was Cocind dnwn and the Le' m the re- 515 meon to purchase power trorn ne3' 'JeCatur Alabaa a h as 'te CIC t est actor Core //as removed f 3 the spo"t other utstics whde 'Fe plaat 's shut
- e f." OriCan nuCi ea' indsstry "ad CCmn fuel po0i Radd.D'3DhiC a"d u'trasonic -
do An The Commission s chairman. Mor.
' , i " Tor aCCide".t at a DMan nC'e. testmg sho Aed that a'tougn the v: sib'e ris Van Nostrand says he expects the
'ho' O. ant The 1 re destro,ec me 'e Crap was foar .nChes iona th:s Crack utihty to mak e an aggressive attempt
, r .oatro! Circ uits sta'fing a bod' actualli e. tended a:w ,0. nate'y 270 to recover repair Costs from Generai
" C' D4 mary Coola"! in the ortor Oegrees d'oJnd the C:'Ou9'e'enCe Ci E'eCthC
'e at the same time i dmani s ! omer et,e pipe ga/rmo the other sewon reci'Cu -
p e , C ore cooang s, sterm F o tan ue. lation DTe s ite ends we'e 'ad ographed The eriginal safe ends were manufac-t o tl- ot! A a . ha'te d he 'O'" i and ultrasonicaW tested 34 c os en A pro lured by Lanape Forge in PennsyNama. estdown beQF found to be Craca ed to some e =tmt ! cur under subcontract to Chicago Bridge kne t7 1 ..M nnA..' '* had sign ficant endmat ms t a'ernrt and Iron which in turn was a subcon-
. A < n r., d E ne r a s C.;rle' f Cide t. 91 c rap ,ru a m.n d the s . ' o c a ram trattm in Gene *at Electric, the reactor 4,IC w a C ame C esor - a'.;. r om ie eaces " .an u'J C t u' e r A dra.vmg error Caused
; s y erpe r ts - 't a w %f t6 of th s wr t og 3M + 'd .1'. O't ! , m iCtun sts at Lanape to Cut a groove v? liC C 4 der't twin , i! n e ,
.r, are sCne,.rrt: t o t e , e: <. ,- . . : r , n.> . , . inai is 3 9 n' an inCn too deep arounci 4 ,
I h s eriC ile' ' '? i G ' e ' . eri cesigned ?Drgmgt. D e ' ' , '. e '< i'e n! at ea':f' p De Ihese grooves were then
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95005120 to one here is happy repaired carts Civil Liberties ConMued from pa00 ? less intrusive. "non investigative safe. Acre used " Out an unC inspector says nmasu m e M oue penuve outna. guard measures which would t'ot under-t* at the repalfs would have met even the clear facMtms coJld be turned mtO im- mine the Constitutional rights of nuCtear
~7 cre s!"ingent safety Codes in force to- prognab'e hrtre%es If this were tt'e industry employees
- d l/ Case, there Aould be no nece!.,sity of BMause the three Companies in- Conducting surveil:ance in order to be The ACLU position seen's to be that it WVed 'n fabricating the safe ends at aware et potential threats. any attack is possible to operate a major nuclear i aae knold manufactured simda' ht- could be reDehed power program and sti!! protect the civil
! ngs for the Brunswick Nuclear Plant hberties of the people employed in this near Wdmington North Carolina whicn program. But i disagree Only thorougn is, owned by Carohna Power and Light. "Is it better to torture a investigations will protect agacst the C BE has questioned whether Bruriseck suspected terrorist than to possibility of sabotage from within a nu-c4ar power piant and the loss of wnt not suffer the same prob!em as let a city go up in flames?"
Duane Arnold Because the safe end hundreds of thousands of lives. This uNs at Brunswick are app'oumately situation can be described in the same ow inch thick however, while those at Such measures would not, however, terms used by Russell Ayres with re. Cuane Arnold are only /:-inch it..ck. the protect against the possibility that an spect to a plutonium economy To pro-NRC beheves that Brunswick shows no employee might smuggle in explosives tect the public it is necessary to deny c mse for concern Ait GE nucicar powe, or override sa'ety devices in such a way the civil hberties of a significant seg-p' ants other than Brunswick use a ddfer, as to cause a reactor to melt down or a ment of the population em sa'e end design t'nm that at Duane 'aste s'o age facihty to disperse its A 'n oid rad oactive contents over a mde area not ,, is worin noting inai at anoiner in o'ae' to o'otect aga.nsi potentiai The ACLU calls the NRC's GE piant. approximately two months be. sabotage from mthin the facihty the security proposals 4.ro t*m :ncident at Duane Arno:a an un. NRC rwenth proposed an accession "alarmig" seedu!cd 19spection conducted on authorization program for employees at An' I 2E 19r8. during Me reluchng of nuclear power plants Tne program tN Cooper Station cf Nebrana Pubhc wou'd mc!ude ' background investiga- Nuclear power thus represents a P mer south of Omaha d.sco c ed ind,. tions as to cna'acter. associations and threat to our civil liberties as great as cm > ms af cracking on three of the recir. to/alty conoucted under standards and any other this country has faced The c Nt'on loop pipes whe'e the safe end SDeC hCatio"s estaohshed by the Com-
. mi s s,'on Empio <ees would be s,.bject- many other drawbacks and hazards of Aa Js goin the nozz!es Tne defects nuclear power have become obvious in e ' g'ound out without violaSng mmi. ed to .Ut h back g'ound investrga- recent years But on civil liberties T i' . van thi ckf'ess codes and the NRC ,aons bi the rederal Bu'eaa of In.
grounds alone. nuc' ear power deserves ho . accepted the repa rt n sa:rsfacto- VeshWG Cd other agent'es 'n which to be abandoned r, past fenow emp.oyees !andiords per. The f.AC still coes no? % any the sonal and mofessiona: acquamta,ces. sde ends at Duane Arnotd c'ack ed nergabers. and in'imate perscnat rela-t a n thcugh the repa.rs made to tne o h09s would be interviewed Othe meth. Footnotes c'noe'ly machmed pio.ng met both past ods of .nvestiqahon beirg discissed ' Dand D Comey "Nuc' ear Power the Ulti. a 3 p'esent code reawrements w ou!d include psychological testing mate intemal Subversion Decemoer 1975 8 o'!L."ately. ne ther the Duane Arnold chn, cal evaluation. and pob graph ex. 'uncheon address to Amer can Bar Associ-ation. Washington DC. atso David D Comey. o' Cooper reactors were coerating am. nations w""o the cracks were $scove'ed We W Saattucw n his testirnony on be- e ne e g e F a rt a Man sch r V i, not be so lucky tne nest time att of t*e ACLU said that most of these tag 1976h op 122-133 "UUU50d ~""*"5 3'C 'W mgenent s or ' David 0 Corne y. "The Per'ect Tro:an FOOTNOTEU HC'sef Sullehn of the Aromic Scdent'3f3.
% ' .i ' i 9J r De ta! -a Da 1 n Con'ov o alioMS O I'n'eChons noW gua'an- .' Ment at Oraans r e ,% y. van 'eod Cy '*e Coastitution aad by case #E D M Nssell W Ayres ouoted in Chicago Da@
law ,ne *,pC *as estimated that more
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News. Nov 29 1975.p 3 See also n:s d TeS!e"Sm ny Aa' rnan 21em p.. opie M be wbc to Tol.cing P!utoniure The Civil Libe't es Fan-
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.um. ss. w a:su m,r.am, .-aos 95005121 CBE Warns Public on Danger of Pesticide WETNifOnmetTralWnW Esplosion at Stauffer Chemical Exposed Surrounding Community to EPN is Dubbshed monthly by Citizens for a Better Environment.a Not for Profit Corporation On F riday. August 18 at 8 a m . an ex- EPN is an organophosphorous insec. @'C e 5 plosion ripped througn the Stauffer ticide. structurally related to Phosvel BEAXELEY- Suite 404 Cnemical Company facihty located in and TOCP Acute effects from EPN ex-Cn.cago Heights. Illinois The shock posure include breathing difficulties gut 9$'704 from the explosion was felt as far away 415 -549 3900 Cramping skin irritation, and paratysis CHIC AGO Suite 2610 as five miles. A mushroom cloud was The long range effects of EPN include 59 East Van Buren s ghted immed ately a"er the bf ast, and progressive deterioration of the myehn Chicago.11hnois 60605 ths cloud drifted to the North North- surrounding the central nervous system 312 -039 1994 east over the surrounding community A neurons. hyperrefterivity of the upper (Research. 312 - 939-1530) temperature inversion was present in and lower hmus. depression of the Ba, MADISON 2 West M f*hn tr.e area from Thursday night through binski reflex spasticity. cye t emors. Madison. msconsin 53703 Saturday morning. which prevented the muscular weakness. ataxia and sensory 608 -251 2804 1spersion of the many Chem Cal sub- loss stances that had been released in the The med a reports of the blast did not Yes W sconta Avenue Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203 evpiosion mention long term effects of EPN ex-T wo persons died as a result of fall- 414 -271-7475 posure As a result. on Sund3y August NEW YOAK- Suite 425 na debris and 59 persons were hospi- 20 Eileen Chottnes a CBE staff scien- 25 Broad street
'auled as a result ofinhahng fore fumes !!st gave an exclusive mterview to the New York. New York 10004 anien must have included EPN a Nghly NBC at% ate station en Cnicago about 212 - 425-3553 t aic oesticide that was being manufac- the enronic health hatard to n umJns SAN Suite 600
- o'ed at the Stau'fer facil.ty Two thou- from EPN exposure Stauffer Chemical mmam u w me
<.cn1 five hundred gallons of EPN are Comoary con! rmed the toxicity of EPN San Francisco CaMoma WOS thught to have been released as a but rmnimited the human hazard + suit of the explosion alorg with nito- The story was carrred :n the Chicago ]
orwool. formaldehyde hycrochloric Tn0une Chicago Sun. Times Wash- 1341 G Street. N W iC d sulfuric acid. phosphoric acid and Washington 0 C 20005 enpfon Post numerous suburcan news. 202---347 1132 J9e-r solvents Dapers local ad o stat'ons. and a:!IXal be hGulds released from Ine blast 'etwork 3thiiates Tne were serree sto. [lllgjlj[{*gn'giiQ au r*, da erted to a aearDV Creen. which ry. c trried by the AssoCsaled Press was a is quickly dammed up to prevent the Pev'ew and is ta t deduct:ble pubbsned as far away as Wyoming houids from contaminatmg the Litt'e CBE is now up!cring varaus ave. Ed tor: F! ora Johnson C wmet River State tests ind,ca'e~ that nues tnrou;h wn ch to obtain funds for a Orculation Managen Pat treanor Inu levels of EPN in this d; ten ba% con- nea!th evatu eon of the parsons e r- Design ConsuHants: Gomse Yamasao toined area were less tnan 1 part per pose 1 to EPN as a result of the StauHer # er i ion rpom) on Friday. the fevels of e < pics'on Aepresematives of tne OR Cover P [to: Only e stentve mvestigaboas
*itt orotect nue: ear tac At.es sucn as len EDN >n the air near tne blast s.te are not C"emica! a-d Atoec Warwe s 2n:on Stat.on nea cn>cana imno's aga.nst tme .i r e we at this time but 0 5 rmles away which represents the St%"e warw ers m
pass bihty tnat an e*oloyee wgnt smugg'e in o +ws in the air n ye tess tnan t Dart are C 7ecerat.ng " this endeav0r esofosives or override sa'ety dev'ces Neto per *
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m m-m a 4 CBE Briefs em National - nt ~ " - - ,1 The C - se, also madt, aumerous redVClions in the Wisconsin Company s rate base, totaling $3321 Energy Policy mdhon Inus a more accurate hgure fm Energy Policy tne increase Edison actually receivec CBE staff members made a number of would be $110 mahon Advance Plan Hearing Testimony speaking appearances around the coun- The Commission s decision will have CBE executive director David Comey try on nuclear energy during the last a major impact on the company s >lan- was cross examined for two days in month David Comey debated Raion ned expenditures for construction early October by Wisconsin utilities on Lapp at the Hotchkiss School in Lake. Througnout tne proceedmg CBE argued nis pre hied testimony in the Wisconsin vdle Connecticut. at the school s en- that Edison s planned construction Pubhc Service Commission s Advance vironmental conference. and later ad- budget was excessive The Commission Ptaa nearing Mr Comey s 51 pages of dressed the Ciamshell Alhance and ehminated construction work in prog. testimony dealt with the vulnerabdity of mace %evision appearances in New ress. land, and other emproper inclu- nuclear power plants to sabotage and HVipshire on behalf of the protestors sions in the Company s proposed rate their basic unrehatuhty and poor eCo-against the Seabrook nuclear power base. and in:s decisori fu rther redeces nomics plant Ed: son's abihty to continue their plan. On October 14. statt physicist Peter ned level of construction 154 6 buhon Cleary spoke to the North East Ohio over tne next hve years) Water Pollution Teachers Association at Perry. Ohio on in the past Edison has routinely the environmental haza'ds presented by received 85 to 95% of their requested Public Participation in the Water nuclear power On October 27 and 28 rate increases The Commission s dec,. Pollution Control Act he debated Oeorge Travers of Common- Sion reflects strong Citgen ,ntervenhon CBE has written to Douglas Costle. wealtn Edison at tne University of lilinois in the ne,arings and also tne e+tect of Administrator of the U S Environmental at Champaign Urbana The debate was Sunshme Laws. adopted recent'y in hh. Protection Agency. protesting "excep-divided into two sections. with the over- nois. which open ICC Commission near. tionally distressing matters relating to all topic being " Nuclear Energy as a ings to the pubhc pubhc participation in EPA and Wiscon-Power Source ' At an energy symposi- sin State WPC A programs and calhng um at Hiram College, Hiram. Ohio, on Air Pollution '***"""9b*'*""**"""'" November 2. he both lectured on ottcals and Wisconsin environmental
" Energy for the Indehnde Futur e" and groups to and Wr deweraten of Commonwealth Edison the squaten took part in a panel discussion of Variance Request nuclear powe' Tne tener states mat Mscoon has CBE has intervened in Common. owed aw fem of zohc pancoaten weaitn Edison s recuest to tne uhno4s
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Toxic Substances Ponution Contrei Board to, a vanance resuu of *nien enes are net abe to for its t 700 megawatt Powerton Station CBE statt scientists Dana Davon and C ***"C' '"*""*'"CU"*"I C" near Pekin unnois The plant does not c deen Choftnes attended an AST M any efscemet aden at me state comply *dh state emission standards meeting in Clevetand October 31 and for large stationary sources Annougn November 1 on aauatic toxicology test-Edison and the Uhnois EP A nave entered CBE s letter detads nstances in
'"9 *"'cn the state has faoed to provide the into a voiuntary agreement to estatt a coportunity for meaningful oubhc partic-sman 425 megawatt scruboer systern on
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metnod me oiant win ultimately use to achieve the reamred emission reduc- Se%r interceptor Lines tion. certain provtsions of me C;ean Air On October 27 CBE f.ied an adm:nis-Energy Policy acto,,g7,no,,e u ,,m3,me,.ccm. t,an,e aoneai onn aeo,,e Aie<ander Wng somes acun al comphance %genat Adminestrator of the Environ-Edison Rate Hike with state reguiaDons oy July i 1973 mental Protection Agency r egraing an The Ilknois Commerce Commission m face a non-comphance osaay EPA decisen mat woud anow su sewer cut Commonwealth Edison s reauest fo, 'nterceptor ones to ce constructed mtn-a 14 5% 15279 5 muhon) rate increase en od an ewonmetal coact statempt half. granting instead a boost of 7 64% CBE opposes the addition of the mter-(5150 mdhon! The commission s deci- ex saying m wm add m me %w sion. announced October 12. ended 10 of untreated sewage Wo La e Mchigan months of hearings in which CBE was a NOVEMBER 1977 2
e es g emmm-What Happened to Recycling? In 1985. Americans willproduce 200 million tons of garbage. and at least 165 million tons of that is supposed to be used for landfill. But there may be no space left for landfill in 1985. Energy recovery plants are the answer only if you believe that cities should be committed to producing waste. 95005124 by Flora Johnsor somewnere around Earth Day 1970 sure from the cities Cong'ess cassed e n am e T e Amence!cgy D'v'ston of the word the Resource Conservat: n a*C Ce :v- A~e"Can C ar C;rnca$ 'e e-th 0 0'n. re:yChng entered the
!anguage For a few years thereafter e*y Act (RCRA) This act mancates e ete0 an 51 B OOC 000 o a-t 6-<n uses c ons;>ent<0us Americans bundled severa! branches of g o . e'nrme n t me t^e Ref se Der Sea F e . ADr i s y stem.
newspapers and saved bottles and EPA in particula *. to adcress hemseNes burnag c,ty ^aste w tn c:a' tC Or0 cute Cans turnirg them in to reCyChng Cen- to the prCblem of sohd waste O s00sa It st e an Ameri Oteg f can 'ene got<8te :ts ters These ;eople hoped thev could in atso cans for an unusua: cegree et Contract with Waas ee an, t ~e there this way du thew part IO Conserve the pyDhc cartiC!pation in the impiementa- is a cha*ge '* !"e CO*cos.!'on Of the Earth s resources and save us an from t'on of its provistons Th:s process -s c h s t'asn '*e : t, s ct 'er to rew-drown.ng :n garbage only now beginning to tak e piace er at least 250 000 tons of t' ash a year seven years later. "recychng" is an in this issue of the Enwrc,~en.a! and pay a set 'ee f:r waste c sposa' no established catchphrase - as in Revte*'we taxe a brief lock at tre a te' atter how muen Aaste is ceuverea to "please recycle this membership ap. natives now avadaDl0 to us f r rescu';e the fa:Wty pheation to a friend ' But not wasting. recovery. and we have ;.t togetner a Tn:s sort o' a"aageme-t ra ses the whtCh may be a better word, has not fa t sheet for thOse interested in ta*a99 spectre at ieas! 'nai : ! es a m ;*e Cay become a way of hfe for most Ameri. advantage of the pud"C pa't:0 Cat:0^ Oe caught m tre '; ; st a' 0" Of *a v-cans provisions of the Resource Ccnserva- q to procuce ga'tage m O' e te feed The recychng centers estachshed t.cn and Recovery Act the enormous ece-s.ve 'escurce re-around Eartn Day found that citizens C "# " "5 " 'S^5 " ' ' ' ' * ' Energy from Waste ta'ge c orcoraticas m ;"! cre car co-soon began to lese interest in sorting ,he i National Center for nescurce and dehvering the:r own *aarba*e Their pose atte-pts at ^ aste rec._ t-cn in Aecovery has estimated that mumctpal C'Cer t0 p'otect 'er cro,<ts -r ortu-worst enses ca'ne two to three yea's
*aste alone could be used to generate , _,
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ago when the recession cestroyed the some 790 trdhon BTus a yea' market for recycled matenat espet.any sBcrtage of ga'ca;e at aa, t.me .n me That is the cream many O' us have .. , # pape' and many went out of business been 'ead to beheve udi come true The new chrase is resource re::very g .g, epuu am mo For our nation,s largest wnicn <nctuaes not eniy Onvate re:y-rate Out scrae valuaote resources e Cities, Waste-d,sposal costs chng e" orts out also big. expensive a'uminum, and .ncinerate t e 'es .n i ways of deahng with waste Om ways that create cadly neece: ere'gy are second only to those for mechamcal sorters to facihties that turn But these plants are experswe 00st- running the public schools. garbage for energy- ing from 55 000 to 550 000 ce' t:- ;f The orob em remains in . 973 Amen- . caay capacity xs a resu!t such coera- 7no- ,,, ,, 3 0 f e ,o---- ' e , r' 'a c o t.es cans threw away ,44 mdhon tons of aar- v nons seem te attract orw me a gest
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ure at 200 m*09 tons a t 965 Conc- -- - sou'ce recovery ,rms nad 00mc.rem e s.' **G- 3'C '^0 ^ 'Va '=' a a 's a t n n - ttOn 390 C sDosal of th;s garbage Cur- revenues of 523 b+cn aac assets of
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aswronmenTmm 95005)25 condensed on the plant's roof and re- g turned to the boilers. e _.U9 Chicago also has a recently Com. -- ~ % --- ~ uL , 9 pleted RDF plant which supplies energy ; *I- y .di _. to Commonwealth Edison The Supple- ,g g ' i r % ~ ^
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EPA. is a "very sensitive system requir- - I 'q j M i @ s,,- f (~ p ing a great deal of f:ne tuning"-which has yet to operate near its planned ca-
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[b , l Despite their problems, both RDF and * {j( M Ebvrog ' 'f ' h waterwall systems are looked on favor- lI i' \ _ _ _ . _ . ably by most observers, who feel that they can be made to work. Another An unterror vuew of Chocago's Supplementary fuel Plant one of the most advanced such sys-promising technology is called pyro, tems on the world After the sasteis shreddedinto smallpreces a strong current of artis used lysis,in which the waste is heated in the w swaraw hgM hom Man hactions Ferrous materials are separated by a magnet enne metats. glass. and ceram*cs are used for landbit Loght materialis shredded agaon and stored absence of Oxygen and converted to a untti et is needed to feed the plant s turnaces (Illustrat<on courtesy o Chncago r Puoi c works > Qaseous or llQuid fuel But pyrolysis is 8% of the garbage in Somerville was not yet available for commercial use. be incinerated are used for landfii t So far, only the ferrous portion of our be'ng separated at tne source, while the No one, however, looks upon these garbage can readily be extracted An figure was 25'. in Marotenead Somer-plants as an answer to our short-run problems. In 1975, accordmg to i..e ordinary magnet attracts iron. but the ville lost approximately 51.825 on its EPA. the thirteen energy recovery ptants Eddy Current Separator, or " aluminum system while Marblehead earned then operational processed not more magnet,"is entirely experimental Meth- $ 27.760. ods that have been tried for glass recov- Source separation recycling is un-than 300.000 tons of waste. At the cur-rent rate of implementation, the EPA pro- ery and sorting have worked even less questionably the least expensive sys-tects that energy recovery plants and well in its Third Report to Congress, the tem - to the taxpayer in addition, the mechanical separating plants together EPA stated that the technological and Institute for Local Self Reliance has es-will handle only 10 to 20% of the nation's economic viability of mechanical sepa- timated that such systems can make rating techniques is uncertain mone). , at Is .st 10% of the residents of waste in the next decade. in trying to devise solid waste policy a given community participate The EPA Raw Materials from Waste for tne future, the EPA and other govern- has estimated that such systems could Making newsprint from recycled ment agencies are now asking if a sig. process up to 50 million tons of waste paper requires some 12 million BTUS nificant number of private homes could per year less per ton than manufacturing paper be convinced to return to the Earth Day But the EPA currently projects that from virgin wood pulp Steel produced ethic of sorting and recycling their own source separation will handle about 15 from scrap consumes 74% less energy waste There are currently more than million tons of waste in 1985. than steel from ore. Aluminum can be re- 100 ' source ?eparation systems Altogether, the EPA estimates that. at cycled and processed for 5% of the operating in the country. In most of them, tne current rate of implementation. tner-energy it would take to make it from ore. pre sorted household, office, and busi- mtJ and mechanical processing plants it has been estimated that shifting from ness garbage is picked up by the recy- will handte only 10 to 20% of the nation s throwaway bottles to returnables wouid cling center at the source Most of these waste in the next decade Source sepa-save 225 trillion BTUs a year. centers now have paid statt and are on a ration will hancie up to 10%. and waste In short. burr'ing garbage to make money-maidng,if shaky, basis. Some are reduction a similar amount. The U S is energy is not really energy-efficient. neighborhood based, others city-wide. still expected to have 165,000 tons of Alas. the process that is energy efficient rural. small town, and suburban Some garbage left to dispose of in 1985 Cur-requires that sohd waste be sorted - are private, others public, others non. rently our only option is to bury it. ferrous metais from aluminum from col. profit. There is at least one co op. ored glass from clear glass from paper. The two best known of these pror BWMMMMMMMMMMME And technological means for accom, ects are in two towns in Massachusetts plishing this sorting do not yet exist. In - Somerville, a blue collar community. A list o/ local environmental organiza. fact, they may never exist. and Marblenead. an a* fluent suburb of tions, including recychng centers. may The Americology P! ant in Milwaukee Boston. Both communities passed ordi-De oDrained from the Institute for En-is currently testing methods for recover, nances requiring the separation of ref- vironmental Quality. 309 West Wash-ing non-burnable wastes. particularly use; both pick up the pre-sorted gar-ington. Chicago lilinois 60606. aluminum. Finding such a tecnnique bage from people s homes So far the would be a boon to the parent company, Drolects, which have been in existence American Can. In Chicago, however, about two years have given widely lEEEEEEMMMMMMM those portions of the waste that cannot varying results. By the end of 1976. only a NOVEMBER 1977
. .. , mMronmenswa 95009 26 Two Contemporary Recyclers In 1969 students from the tJniversity Imm U ! M an w+ =** s*** - * * * * = ' operations is Subject to wice fluctua-of Chicago began a recycling Center on eE*".'* E U*.'*" ** * "1M " ' '
e tions in the market Chicago s South Side Like many of the 7*.C.C .2 ~ t . The Resource Center is now handhng rec /chng centers that were founded in . . - .
,, , - - < . about 40 tons of garbage a week and the ecology ent.Wsiastic early 70s, this .~~~
- ~7. ."
Dunn notes that, because Hyde Park is center soon found community involve- ...i*j N '*~ %' an unstable university community it is ment beginning to dechne "It became C .' ' ' ~ difficult to expand the numcer of people clear that we weren I going to save the u. T. - l /g oarticipating in the center. Making world by recychng our bottlesf says Ken Dunn, who runs the Resource Cen.
-[ , , ;,ah4 -
P.
. f y '.
money is not very important to the cen. ter s operation "The proNem with con-f.'..
. I ter in Hyde Park. ., '*4
. #f sumptionf says Dunn. "is that it s not Ounn s reaction was to broaden the i
- l. ) f self hmiting But when people recycle
/p Tv $.._9 c. ~jtheir mesource Centers activities, adding a
,e : . own garbage they have an cppor-free store where clotnes books. and in- tunity to monitor their own habits of con-
~~
dustrial materiats could be exchanged. s sumption " He tells a story of a woman
*y .
a who'e-grain bakery. a woodworking who brougnt a bag of hauor bottles to shop. and snops for repairing old bikes .I . , f
'7' d the center each ween for recycling, until b
and autos With increased activity <[M n ' one day sne noticed how much haver around the center. it was easier to keep ". ! ~ 1 , gl she was consuming commumty members interested. and easier to hnd help when it was needed a d 'l M y i yM "This kind of recychng operation is j ]4 f 'gf ( certainly not an ultimate solutionf says
" People who had come in to do other Dunn "There is no ultimate solution.
, A %.g,q things? says Dunn. "would tak e time out i d -
George Brabec says "I don t beheve to help sort garbage y our type of operat.on is a total answer I Six years ago Chicago s north shore , il look at it as a stopgap measure. until suburb of Skokie had two recychng i i more advanced systems are developed operations. Ndes Township High School ' O N One day I assume prn, ate moustry will Reclamation Center and the North Shore ,, 5 N operate resource recovery systems for Ecology Project George Brabec, who directs these now-combined opera-s u
~Ia proht " He adds that mechan; cal sepa'a-tion is "too complex and that he tninks tions. says. "About two or three years ago when the recession hurt the market I 9 V I'l d the future lies witn energy recovery t Dunn also considers mechamcal sep-for recycled goods. we unrf ed the two 3- 6 !'
aration unworkabie. "he will have to centers and in addition took over a num- , % find ways to keep those materials out of ber of other small recychng operations w the waste. ' he says "The rest is com. on the Nortn Shore That helped us - ' ~ bustible, and I suspect that is now it will lower our ex:;enses We also need less staff ' (. . f ". ~ _ ' $ be disposed of. even though I ouestion if Brabec is enthusiastic aDout the wdl-
, g we should use n;gn-grade paper hcer
) .
q,. s~.- g . ; i\ p for heat
'M
- ngness of people in h:s Community to b, 1 *[' r""" "But I want pecole to learn aDout the sort and recycle tneir waste "Last -July w s . a- ' problems of energy a9d materials. he the volume of materials coming into the Ken Dunn c/ the Desource Center >n woe says "At the Aesource Center we ve high School became so great that we #
started to form a sort of attemative com-had to ask people to do their own sort- munity We te trying to Oevelop a Ide-ing, whereas we had done it for themf style that s more cons stert with a hmit. he says "But there was no cecrease in ed Dlanet We try to eat low on the food tne voiume of material coming in ' He "I'd rather have this be a enain and not to ce wasteful in other eshmates tnat ms operahon may be nan- place where people realize ways ohng from 80 to 90 tons of garbage a eeping au mis on a week it s making money which in turn is that producing all this , m interested ,n n human level i don t beneve tnat. utti-used to make the operation more eb mately, we Can solve our proolems with Cient They now own their own trucks -- tecnnology Rather than have tNs be a and storage facthfies for examole. "TNs place that deals with garcage e"ictent-fall the market is good beCause a neh paDer treated with fire retardant. But ly. I d rathe' have Inis ce a Ol3Ce wnere method of maging insulation has been Inat trend won [ !astf he warns He DeoDie reahze that oroducmg ai! this develoDed wNCh uses shredded news' notes tnat the prohtabihty of reCychng garbage is aDsurd NOVEMBER 1977
@{ABhkUiIT611d t i ME * ' 95005127 Public Part'cipation 'n the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act: A Fact Sheet The Resource Conservation and Re. over implementation of RCRA from the toxic chemicals RCRA specihcally calls covery Act of 1976 is an ambitious federal government That is citizens are upon the EPA to include phasing out piece of legislation Reporting on the not guaranteed the right to sue in state dumps over a five year period,in guide-Act. the House interstate and Foreign courts CBE is currently trying to have hnes it must prepare to help the states Commerce Committee socke of it as such a requirement included in the inter. prepare their sohd waste management Closing "the last remaining loophole in im or final public participation guide. programs environmental law. The committee lines when they are issued, which RCRA foresees that most of our went on to say, "At present the federal should be around the beginning of the wastes will go either to depots estaD-government is spending bilhons of dol. year CBE protested strongly when the lithed specificauy for hazarcous wastes lars to remove pollutants from the air EPA failed to hold regional hearings on or to sanitary landfill Unfortunately. and water only to dispose of such pollu- the proposed public participation sites suitable for landfill are becoming tants on the land in an environmentally guidelines earlier this year scarce. and their increasing Cost is one unsound manner
- The proposed guidehnes also call for of the factors dnving up the cost of dis-CBE Staff Attorney Bill Forcade, who public meetings. hearings, conferences, posing of municipal waste has testified for CBE at pubhc meetings and workshops, advisory committee and A landfill once completed is suitable on RCRA. says that now is the crucial review groups, and educational pro. only for certain uses, hke parks and time for citizens to become involved in grams Pubhc participation on a national playgrounds, because of the danger that the implementation of the Act This is level has largely been confined to rteet. the fill will subside Decomposition of particularly important because the Act ings and hearings however U S. EPA the matenal iri the fill can generate gives the adminisitators great discre. maintains a mailing hst of interested par . methane gas which can explode - as tion in determining how to implement its ties which is handled by Gerri Wyer. has happened in M.chigan and happened provisions Public Participation Officer. Othee of in North Carchna in 1968 Leachate la Much of the responsibihty attached Sohd Waste (WH562h U S EP A. Wash. hauid that drains from landhll) can con-to this legislation fails on the Environ. ington D C. 20460 taminate surrounding areas won waste mental Protection Agency. although it is The Midwest Regional Offree (Region bacteria and toxic substances not clear that the EPA has the resources V) of the EPA has opted to work entirely Landfill has beCome pa'ttcula'ly Con-and personnel required to implement the through state agencies. accord 1ng to of. troversial in Illinois where communities Act Already the EP A has missed the first ficials there On tne state levet Gover. nave protested their selection as landt'll deadhne imposed under the Act blam. not James R Thompson s off.ce has not sites ing " Confusion within the law - that is. yet issued a decision as to whether uh. Under ACRA. the EP A was mandates their own confusion about the require. nois EPA. the Institute for Environmental by October of this year to have develop-ments of the law - for the delay Quahty, or some other agency should ed guidehnes to he!p state and regional From the standpoint of environmental hand'e the implementation of RCR A In authorihes develop sohd waste pro-activists. one of the most important pro. Wisconsin. puchc heanngs are under grams EDA was also to have >ssued visions of RCRA is that it aHows pnvate way on the regional noundary designa. regulations distmguismng dumos from citizens to petition an administrator to tions mandated by RCRA and persons iandhils. th:s to be foHowed by an inven-change the regulations in force in any wno wish to De kept nforrned may wnte tory of au the dumps ,n the Umted area covered by the Act If he refuses to Peter smet. Department of Natu ai r States Ultimately EP A ,s supposed to the petition. the citizen can sue nim in Resources Sohd Waste Management devise regulations covering iandfin EP A federal court "This is terribly impor. Sect 6cn P O Box 7921 Mad. son Wis- now expects to promuigate enteria 'or tant. ' comments Biu Forcade. 'because consin 53707 dumps and landhu in earh Decemoer it s so difficult to foresee what we may and state and egional guicennes some learn about nazardous suestances and Open Dumping and two monins iater Poohc neannos win otner matters covered by tne ia* un- Sanitary Landfill fonow fortunately. Forcade says, these orovi- Of all the ways in wnicn America can sions apply only while RCR A !s ad- dispose of waste. the hrst to dist.ppear Hazardous Wastes ministered by the U S EP A The Duchc win probaciy be the uns.gntly unsani- Aeporting on ACA A. the House Com-participation guicehres now be:ng pro- tary open dump The EPA has document- merce Committee hsted 59 instances in-posed by U.S EDA do not protect the ed more tnan 60 cases unere dumps yciy,ng nazardous wastes dumped in 20 right of citizens or'ce the states take nave contamrnated grcundwater with states ncluding 3 000 pounds of a*.
- ty" q1977
. .. . AMNLbTRIN Ii1:M N NE 95005128 senic in an abandoned factory complex pen to propese standards and a garbage roomm - wh@ *e continue in New Jersey. burial of Chromium bea'* Sysa m for issuing permits. in early to prodace increasing vclumes of gar-ing pating wastes in New York. and the Spring bage -is that the dechning availabihty camping of hazardous wastes. including FinaHy. the EPA must devise guide, cf natural resources will mare rec >cied c,anides and short lived radioactive hnes to assist in tne development of matenals more valuab:e At some point, wastes on t.owry Air Force Base in state hazardous waste progra c. w1 they hope. the free enterpr:se systern Colorado. since 1972 these Can be expected in November Will support and encourage reCyChng endeavors operated on the profit mo. Resource Conse*vation i,ve aione RCRA establishe? an interagency Under RCR A. the Resource Cunser. Resource Conserve. ion Comm:ttee to vation Committee is mandated to look Waste disposal charges conduct stud!es an 4 prepa'e reports to into tne ouestion of financial incentives would tax products Congress on mat triais poiicy over a for recycling and the Department of according to the costs two year period The Committee is to Energy is called upon to rescarch and associated with their e nduct "a w and compiete innstiga- eewop new marms for recycied mate-tion and study of all aspects of the eco- rials twhile 61 the same time investigat-ultimate disposal. nom,c, soc,ai. and environmenta' conse- ing ways to mane resource recovery cuences of resource conservation ' technology more profitable). The most controversial section of the However. although there are limited committee s mandate has to do with pro. ways in which the government Can en-The hazardous waste provisions of posals that would reduce the amount of Courage the use of recycled materials, RCRA are generaily regarded as the waste we generate and possibly remove the prospect that raw materials short-most important section of the Act Pubhc certain materials from the waste stream ages will soon give boost to recychng meetings have already been held on in May, in his environmental message to efforts is dim in its January 1977. re-these provisions. but they will not pre- Congress. President Carter cahed upon port the National Commission on Sup-Ciude hearings to follow the issuing of thw Committee to " address to principal phes and Shortages found that sigmfi. proposed regulations The EPA deadhne causes of the Sohd waste problem. eb cant mate'ials shortages over the next under these provisions is April.1978 cessive packaging and inadequate use 25 years. and probably for generations. The EPA must first develop criteria of recycled materials ' He then called "will not result from resource exhaus-for defining hazardous wastes and also upon the committee te look into one tion. but from snort-term shocks to the create a us? of hazardous wastes These spec;fic proposd - waste disposal economy should be promulgated around the be- charges - and present their findings For the time being. at least a perma-ginn:ng of the year At the same time. the this month nent. satisfactory answer to our sohd EPA hopes to p'opose standards for The waste disposal charge or prod- waste problems awaits changes in the generators and transporters of haza i- uct disposal charge. is one of four meth- attitudes of the average American con-ous wastes CBE nas suggested that ods of waste reduction currently being sumer standards for generators be estabhshed given wide consideration it would tax by creat ng classes of hazardous haste Brief Bibliography materials and products according to the % g,g ppg.37p, Aesource Conservat.on generators in a manner similar to the in- costs associated witn their ultimate dis- and becovery Act o' '976 EP A 'ssues e custry by industry breakdown of dis- posal. and it is gaining popularity te'im regdahons Volu "e 42 NO 2d3 Chargers under the Federai Water Poilu- because proceeds from the tax mignt be Ocmee' 2019n P m ed Harare-tion and Control Act Amendments of used to help municipahties meet the 8 ** y , [0[ * }'['(*f 1972 Costs of upgradrng their waste Cfsposal 1977 P 22331 The provisions covering transporters facihties for: ace e,Il Comr eats Weo on Bena'f of have caused confusion because the The other proposals hkely to be con. C.I.zens ior a Better ENronraent at a Hazardous Materials ACI of197t re- sidered by the Committee include de- C "9 0" Quires the De0artment of Transportation sign regulation, which would outlaw ( 9 90 h $ a to designate and regulate materials wasteful packaging. as is now the case t977 C.t'zens for a Seuer Evronraent when their transport can pose a neaith in Minnesota. mandatory deposits on cuchcaton 7'26 1977 threat At a pubhc hearing held jointiy by bottles and cans ta variation of this pro. %rm Report f 0 Congress PescMe Ce-the EP A and the Department of Trans- posai would outlaw non returnable Dot- 8 cortation in Rosemont. Ilhnois Octocer C( ties and aluminum cansh suen as nave sw 600 1977 26 the agencies heard industry repre- been suCCessfuhy implemented in Ore- soihng v enre ew Wastes o Ora rs sentatives asm them to unity tneir regu - gon. Maine, Vermont. anc Michigan but and tne Aescure . Conse'vaen and Ee-lations 7he EPA !s under pres $ure frcm failed to pass the Uhnois Legis!ature th's DD ' porter Monogn in No 6 VO'ume B No industry to allow the Department of year. and incremental user charges in 22 Oct ce' 7 '9" Transportation to enforce these reguta- wnich househoids are cnarged accord- r amf7 n33% o ccee y ;3 Or me idee M 7 tionG :ng to the amount of waste !ney proCuce Of *e Nd?'ow Cca9f on en 3o4 Waste ACRA also requires that persons < San Francisco currently ocerates sucn 'Ja en 4 6 19 77 E% anmemat Action owfung or operating facihttes for treat-ment, storage or disposal of hazardous a program ) The last rcmaining dream cf these
'[ , g 7, urn i Conseavences Ewronmenta:
Wastes must have a permit The EDA es- who hooe that we Can one Cay solve our Act;cn Founcat.cn schcaten 19 ,' ' A NC14nCQ 1 Q 7 ?
MEnhufvTitstli&B&W , .1' Carbon Dioxide: 9a_va129 The Warming Trend Bl.rning fossil fuels has led to a steady accumulation of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmos-phere. The resulting increase in the so-called "g Knhouse effect" may lead to a significant world wide warming trend - and an as yet unfors ocable impact on world agriculture, by John Neess Carbon dioxide is not usually con- tion of fossil fuels has been approx- desert belts, or northward migration of sidered a pollutant, it is a natural consti- imately 30 ppm for the entire period from the principal mid latitude grain produc-tuent of the atmosphere, not toxic in the 1900 to the present I ing areas, such as those of the United ordinary sense, a product of respiration At present rates we can expect the States or Southern Canada. This would in nearly allliving organisms, and a nec- concentration to reach 385 to 400 ppm have the effect of rnoving the climactic essary nutrient for green plants. Carbon by the year 2000 If we increase our use factors which now support wheat pro-dioxide is also a byproduct of fossil fuel of coal, the atmospheric carbon dioxide duction in those areas to the Yukon, combustion - released in proportion to concentration might double by the mid where there are no soils appropriate IOf the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in a fuel to late 21st Century growing wheat. and roughly in proportion to the amount Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the As mean surface temperature in-of energy yielded by the fuel Natural atmosphere will probably result in cor- creases, so will the surface temperature gas produces the least Carbon dioxide responding increases in the mean sur- of the ocean. That will reduce the per unit of energy yield, coal the most. face temperature of the earth if carbon ocean's capacity to hold carbon dioxide Ovantitatively, carbon dioxide is a dioxide concentrations were to double, in solution - which, in turn, will ade r ew minor constituent of the atmosphere (it we might expect increases in mean carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, is considerably less abundant than ar- global temperature of from 15 to 2*C. In short, Cc'ittnued Combustion of gon, for example), but it contributes dis
- fossil fuel could have significant impact All the climatir fluctuations of the last proportionately to the so called " green
- 1,000 years - which have included on the earth's climate -agriculture in house effect " By absorbing certain im. periods in which changes in climate particular. Of course, this impact would portant wavelengths of the outgoing ra- have had severe effects on agricultural not necessarily be unfavorable, and it ciiant spectrum, atmospheric carbon productivity in various parts of the world would vary from area to area and culture dioxide helps to hold heat around the
-have been accompanied by changes to culture. But the time available for globe. in mean surface temperature of no more human adaptation to the Change is likely than 0.75*C above or below the average to be very short. This situation is, at A warming trend would move for tne period iThe fiuctuations of tne ieast, risky: worio food reserves nave last 100,000 nars, including a wann. ird be deewng for rougnty the last t 5 grain producing climates to years, and as of 1976 stood at no more terglacial period, followed by a glacial the Yukon, where there are p ,,oa , ,,,,,,,a n y in, p,,,,n, ,n,e,gia . tnan about a montn's suppiv.
no Soils appropriate for cial period, were accompanied by We have no experience on which to growing wheat. cnanges in mean surface temperature of judge wnat wiii eventually become of no more than 5*C above or below the carbon dioxtde accumulations in the at-average for the period ) mosphere. No present theory adequate-The standing concentration of carbon Some models show that this warming ly covers the fate of carbon dioxide in dioxide in the atmosphere -now at 320 trend would be likely to be greater in the major geochemical or biological parts per million - has increased by polar than a ecuatorial regions. Among systems; tells us what the effect of roughly 15% during this Century, and the the possible Side effects ~ Glacial ice carbon dioxide's newly-established, rate of increase has been accelerahng- would melt raising ocean levels A chang ng relationship with the ocear-At present levels of fuel consumption change in the volume of snow and ice at will be, or even lets us know at what rate (12 8 quads of coal,32.8 Quads of oil- the poles would reduce the earth's re- Carbon dioxide will react with silicate to and 20 Quads of gas each yearl, the flectivity at the poies - vihich would United States is adding approximately further increase heat absorption there John Neess is a professor of mioQy Of the 0 54 ppm per year to this concentration- and accentuate tne general warming N'8 dY # #8C "8 '" ' " U 8 *
- 0 0 '
Thus, we add more than 10 ppm of car- effect tee on Nucteer ano Attornatne EnerQy Sys-bon dioxide every 20 years. (in contrast, Other possible effects of global tems He is a memcer of the coaro or arrec. the gain from total worldwide consump- warming might be shifts of monsoon or fors of Cetgens for a Better Enwronment
L.-__- - . . .e . Mw n M E I U Il%lE.h[4h5. 95005130' U # DI form CarDonale (limestone) and Quartz t,' ,
,r,y[*-' ' ~>
f sand) - which is proDably the major mechanism for permanent removal of Carbon dioxide from the atmo:phere. As . . ,-, a result it is impossible to predict ACCU- , c, rate!/ how long present Carbon dioxide accumulations would remain in the al- , mosphere, even if all additions Cf lossil , l hf> '; ['.M, q '
,,(,.
fuel cacbon dioxide were stopped im- , . .:. i i' m :- ;G y e do have some idea however, of l~ , hov/ long it takes for the entire volume of '- < ;. M " '; . , ; the ocean to Circulate, bringing it into ' eQualibrium with the atmosphere. On the basis of that knowledge we Can specu-late that. If all additions of Carbon monoxide to the atmosphere were to
$100 now, it raight still require severk) thousand years to return to pre.industri-al levels 11 is possible. then that this process is. for us, to all practical ex- ,
tents and purposes, irreversible- ,
, , . ' {l '
So far. interest in this problem has .- P * .,,- m
*r
,',q,
'e . ' ,Wo
?, ' ^#- ', -
been largely limited to private expres- , w# '?*' sions of Concern among memoers of the , international scientific community If at some point we were sure that we were ,
']Ni '
~
'WW N. w'$[,
.st: %
<m' experiencing persistent and severe '.
reductions in crop yields in certain parts fE,. '. . ..46.g 9f , WfQg % ' M]Gl'; f '
'p,.h.,..M, 3
W of the world as a result of carbon diox- ?,gs$p. 7 ,.
, x p%,1;. - ( N .h t Q )p g , g , M )'-
ide concentrations in the atmosphere. W ~g ._:. M *. M ' N f the situation might alreadv be beyond _ Wi L' 9,' c.c. t;.' e . s 4. remedy 3 '. y### Jgy. g. 3,, 4 ':-(4, s Halting combustion of fossil fuels g. r
.- La' ~o J ' 's: -J dt ggf+ bu?' -
would accomphsh httle in the short run. v* o#. %e
. ,'.?y?gg,qp.
Furthermore, without a reserve of non- 4 M @lq ef. ,. g:fjjgydsb4sf> f (' fossil fuel energy sources. which could b b** g' % y ']dMIN lC.i" Wh% O C- 'J readily be substituted for the fossil fuels now in use, it would take decades to s 6 N. Q;.3,tE.D*'aNb,
.,9 W s ~~^n,
' f q .. -
4
'i
. . e"w., - M . . ./ yctW mg - . .
achieve any significant reduction in car. .' -*:'{T;s O.tl.'M,dM . , % '@. . - .! ? T. ~ bon dioxide emissions. That such a II@[9 * %. fip;dQ[.[,tj.. [ .!/d<. . strategy could even go into effect 4
- assumes that some international institu-
- w.
' ,'- g% J 'v..1P' Mf,p jlf' ,3
3, tional structure would exist to provide W, ~- ~-- - wr .;tw A. ,.v., ..r. :.see5 . . and implement it. Of course. no such j' t.q .gg g . - e- g:-c 4gg. a s.~gjy , structure exists 3 g>g[*.et M...M t m- g, pfyd by.
+
1.- dj ' We don't know how long we have before decisive action would need to be ~ ' . [ .'[
# '/.Nhk,
@ ,;((.
- [ ..
" , i""g "', ,
%,,d taken But we do know that. once the 4, 7 . . . t - - N, , _ *
'ia-M,' M
. A.
proDlem had be(n recognized. it would N. ,m: M ) k 3 y ^%d i g.g $ ', 1N [C J. X_ ., take us several decades to respond - W C. ,, N )If ' Y ,,'. , long enough for significant and prac. ~ .2 k 4 .~
.g. %t*h t!cally irreversible changes in chmate to ,
g4y ,p,],Q[pilp
. m ?.- ,s l g Ar eo ogists tell us that we would [ I[:
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S not De the first complex. highly Soonisti-cated well-organized culture to d: sap- [Q - f : . g{ g . . V. pear because of sudden chmatic or 9 u. 2Midj a . AI# .- '3-
~ " #
Other environmental ;nanges. YJ i NOVEMBER 1977 9
Mf!EDvkO rT61stsWSs - - - (r 95005131 TheNewLeaf for the child in us all Toys for Environmentally Aware Children by Flora Johnson in honor of its being near;y Christmas- use. so that a Child can learn about the similar bingo games for the animal king-we decided to scout our local toy stores color spectrum it's 53 45 A somewhat dom and for insects and spiders, each for playthings that would -in a not too longer. uncreakable plastic prism by 57 50. obviously " educational" fashion - en- Creative Playthings. whicn knows that An aquarium starter kit is $8 95 from courage children to appreciate nature children like to play with light, is $4=25. a school supply store, not including the and their environment and understand te nmmended for ages 6 to 10. Magni- aquarium Although they are almost per-those relationships among living things fying glasses in a variety of sites are feet for teaching how different species that we call ecology- 52 55 to $4 55 for school use: Creative of animals and plants interact, aquariums We didn t define this task too narrow- playthings manes " Big I little i" - can get auite expens;ve and reavire a ly. After all, any toy that helps a child reducing and magnifying lenses set in great deal of Care Along the same lines, perceive the world with more interest beautiful wood panels, for ages 4 to 7 however. Cret,tive Playthings, as well as and sensitivity could be called "en* 512 fi ; ideal makes a very profes- other manufacturers, makes a giant ant vironmental." But we did add a few ca- sional looking stethoscope for $6 50, f arm, for $8 45 (plus whatever it costs veats familiar to buyers of Creative the Creative Playthings version (The to get rid of the ants if they get loose). Playthings: Toys should be beautiful- picture on the box shows two children An attractive, wall-hanging Weather they should be made with respect for the . listening intently at the enest of a very Forecaster, $16.95, will teach that materials used and with consideration complacent cat ) is 55 50 weather, like everything else about for the Child They should not lock chal- Other stocki'j stuffers from the nature. Is unpredictable. dren into recetitious. limited games: in- se:,ool supply store include a gyro- School supply stores also sell post-stead they should encourage children to scope, the scientific version of a 100. for ers and other decorative objects like amuse tnemselves by investigating or $2.35, a radiometer, a glass ball in mobiles, some of which do not look as observing the world around thG.i in which black and white vanes twirl though they C 10 straight from a Class-short, toys shoutd not be boring. mysteriously because they are being room. Our favonte. "Save the Animals ' Alas, a trip to the toy department at moved by hir heated by the sun. for consisting of 12 big cutouts of members Marshall Field s - one of the biggest in 53 45. magnets and iron filings; beak- of endangered species. including a huge the area - and calls to numerous toy ers and test tubes and other chemistry puma. all for $4 stores uncovered few toys that met our lab equipment; compasses for getting And of course there are books. One critena We found many appeals to cut- lost in the woods. a " tele micro that s worth special mention is Growing rent trends - space being popular this pocketscope" which combines a "teie- Up Green: Parents and Children Gar-year, along with the ever present dolls scope' and a microscope in one dening Together, a charming book from made to look like mutant versions of ac- plastic. Den hme holder. $120 and. of Workman Puolishers, the people who tors on TV. We found many toys that stay course. art supplies for do-t yourself pubhsh the Khban Cat cartoons, $4 95. interesting only if parents pay for an toys The best toys that are avaitable in endless string of accessories But the Scnool supply stores also sell toys regular toy stores teacn concepts - few toys we liked seemed to be made by mtn obvious ecological lessons to new ways of perceiving the environment Creative Playthings (the great grandad- teacn Those that use hve animais can - or offer tools with which to explore dy of the educational toy business) or teacn insensitivity to nature. however the environment One such ser'es of imported from Europe. All these toys so proceed carefully- toys is imported by Sandecor of London tend to be expensive - which is not A frog hatchery that comes vith a and carried at Noah s Ark stores in tne wrong, but not necessary. coupon for frog eggs is 59 95 by Natural Chicago area Their toys for infants. all We were beginning to despair when Science Industries. Unfortunately it mane in France. include the owl, a we encountered a treasure trove -our doesn t give you a coupon that orovices ongntty-coiored night-hme scene that local teacner's supply store. This is a home for the frogs once they grow up attaches to a car over a crib When baby wnere Creative Playthings gets its An ideal Science Blngo game - 7 montns or oncer - pulls the sinng, ideas. teaches ecological vocabulary - an owl pops out from benind a wooden A glass prism, for example is made words hke "00moustion. "ceptetion. stump The concept be:ng taught' That by ideal School Supply for schoolroom "sanctuaryJ and " smog.' There are tne owlis there even if he s not visible to to NOVEMBEA 1977
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95005132 tne DaDy iS6 95) For olcer cnildren. tied to a string. for pulling purposes. and Sandecor imports toys from Value in we wouldn t argue with her The Victory D:ay in Sweden These include. for chil- wood jigsaw, made in England, with dren 6 years and older the Whirty Puz- twelve cut-out jungle animals in it is $9 "~ zie - in which two colors and two ( All of these are from the Field $ toy de-snapes maxe an almost inhnete number partment ) A 500-piece puzzle photo-of witterns (56 95) - and. for children graph of a magnificent bald eagle is S7 -E two to four. the boatcar - made of in the adult games section of Fields wood and powered by an energy saving The most didactic toys tend to be the ruceer bar}d iS5 951 games Our favorites are "Here and The Dest set of cniidren s tools is tne Tortoise," the most ingenious race . Creative Playthings scoop, rake, and game ever designed by Intellect ;" digger, in bright colored soft plastic. Games of London. and " Circulation, an They nave reen copied by otner manu- incredible journey - Hare and Tor. . facturers. but none have achieved the toise we re told is winnable only with simphcity and beauty of design of the strategy and carrots "in what otner s Creative Playthings r .;ti purpose toys race does a tortoise stand a chance of % >
- only 53 50 eeating a nare' the manufacturers ask Thomas Salter Toys makes a kalei- it s $10 in the adult games section of ,
doscope tnat comes with a special con- Field s. and maybe it will teach us some- Q tainer so that you can use anytning - thing about planned growth bits of plastic, pieces of flowers - to in " Circulation. those 10 and over ,N-make designs it S 57 50 at Field s are i ivited to de'y unexpected dangers -" For older children. tre most appeal- at every turn as you complete your vital 74 ing tools are "real ones The classic of mession - which is to survive tne rig- ? course is the Swiss Army Knife. Less ors faced daily by the average blood expensive ones are available. Out Ham- cell The game is $12 95 at our local ' macher Seniemmer s - 312 inches school supply store and is available ~P& long with large and small blades cork- tnrough Bloomingdale s in New York screw can opener. smati screwdriver. Less interesting. but closer to the - - cao htter large screwariver. stripper subject are By Avalon Hill " Outdoor 74 reamer sc:ssors magmfying glass Phil- Survival." $9 95 for those nine and Y hos screworiver acod saw f>sh sca'er over: cy Teaching C&cepts. "Endan-t& nook d sgorger. ruier nati Ye metal gered Species." 5515 and an F A O - - saa fine screwdriver tweezers tootn- Schwarz exclusive acJ from tne educa-pict and key r:ng -ts $39 95 It weigns tronal division at Milton Brad'ey, "Cll-
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two pounds mate and Land," "Using Natural Re. -- Along the same hnes don t forget that sources," and " Conserving Natural VA cnddren love inings hke pocket calcu- Resources" (54 25 each). , lators, hammers and saws, and tape And don t forget to help save the recorders. Or more traditionally whales! A stuf*ed patchwork whale. - .. inere s always microscopes and che>m. made in West Virginia.13 incnes long. is istry sets. 511 plus S 95 maihng enarges from i, Toy departments also sell tcys Whale Gifts. 2100 M Street Wastngton - _ pn-snaced bke animals Steiff animals, O C 20037 The proceeds from tne sa'e 9 7 from Germany. are ' ie most reahstic. of this whale, as well as a wooden looking stuffed anirrels on the market. whale puzzle (S5 50 plus S 651 a ps . but expensive A bacy seal. about 4 in- marine mammal chart 153 plus S 65L or _ y* Fa _ .._ Ches long. is 58 Parker makes "Nerf a enild s " Gentle Giant" t shirt 154 35 - - - Y critters" for children 3 tc 6 These a,e clus S.75), all go ta the Whale Protec-squishy alligators eleonants. and hip- tion Fund They nave gifts for adults too pos on wheels, all related to their "Nerf All that s lef t 's to remind you that the ballsJ for 54 25 each Many toy stores pianet itself is an enciess source of now sell beautiful wooden animal pull amusement. fun and games and that as toys - althougn we nave one young such it is the ummate environmental t0y friend who is committed to a snoecox It is free. all aro and you. NOVEMBER 1977 11
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Non Prof;t Org U S Postage P AlO NM Pemt No 4901 W *a.Aee WI svae 502136 A W scoes'a weavs ee w.scorse s32c3 Mam omce Svae 2610 $9 E van Bv<emCh cago iinno's 606c5 95005133 November Calendar Nhtionhl 14 Final hearings on lilinois vs Milwaukee
,e 13 will be held, at which the judge willissue U S. EPA holds a workshop on jobs and This is the third anniversary of the day e ronmMal regulations wM N final orders determining how Quickly and Karen Silkwood was killed on her way to what kind of measures Milwaukee must ed e w *ers local 65 at M50 meet a New York Times reporter, carry
- cago Ame at 10 a m take to clean up its sewage emissions ing papers that supported her allegation of safety hazards at the Kerr McGee into Lake Michigan. l.......... 3.
plutonium pl ant in Oklahorm A Wash-ington based group, Supporters of Silk-16 There will be a monthly meeting of the MSWI@@@TISY9fi is published monthly by Citizens for a wood, is pressing for a criminal in- Department of Natural Resources Board Better Environment, a Not for Profit vestigation of the case. in Room 1305, Pyeare Souare Building- Corporation O'fices: 17 - 21 4e10 University Avenue, Madison, at CHICAGO: Suite 2610. U S EPA will hold public hearings on the 9 30 a m. 59 E. Van Buren. solid waste product charge November Chicago, Illinois 60605 17 in Washington, O C., November 18 in Cincinnati, Ohio, and November 21 in indiOnO 30-G 1530 323 East Lincoln Highway Portland. Oregon 12 DE K ALB DeKam. luinois 60115 There will be an Environmental Fair all 22 day at Purdue University s Calumel A OI E. Suite 502.
*IO The Public Broadcasting System will air Campus, including films. lectures. anc a Jaccues Cousteau special about div- worksnops. 536 W Wisconsin.
ing in the Aegean tonight Milwaukee. Wisconsin 53203 w-2n w5 lll in01s MADiSCN 512 W W,ison Wisconsin 7-, o Load Forecasting Hearings resume for Madison Wiscensin53703 608-- 251 2804 7 -11 the six major lilinois electric utilities 11-Advance Plan Hearings continue for the Membersnip in CBE 1515 a yeari eignt major Wisconsin electric utilities nois Commerce Commission witness incluces a free subscription to CBE before the Wisconsin Public Service Darrell Smith will be cross exammac Environmental Review and is Commission. Witnesses representing 14_1g tax ceductm. the four eastern utilities will be cross. Peak Load Pricing Hearings ton rate Editor: Flora Johnson examined structure reform) resume for the six ma- Design Consultants: Gotcsmdn Jor Illinois utilities Utility witnesses will vamasaki Specht inc be cross examined Cover Photo: by Davic D nsmore I..............M............E Comey}}