ML19259B113
| ML19259B113 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Midland |
| Issue date: | 11/15/1978 |
| From: | CONSUMERS ENERGY CO. (FORMERLY CONSUMERS POWER CO.) |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19259B112 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 7901160271 | |
| Download: ML19259B113 (80) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:. F INTERIM REPORT , Terrestrial Ecological Survey - Midland Nuclear Plant - Tittabawassee Substation - Gary Road Substation - 345 kV Transmission ROW prepared for Consumers Power Company Jackson, Michigan Contract # 68751
.by Asplundh Environmental Services S & R Environmental Consulting November 15, 1978 790116021(-
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . 1 SOILS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 VEGETATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Young Upland Woods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pole-sized Upland W oods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Mature Upland Woods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Young Upland Coniferous Woods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Mature Upland Coniferous Woods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Young Lowland Hardwocds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Pole-sized Lowland Hardwoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Mature Lowland Hardwoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Old Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Shrub Old Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Shrub Swamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Wet Meadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Bog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Agricultural Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 MAMMALIAN FAUNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Summary of Fall Field Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Lgportant Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 AVIFAUNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Summary of Fall Field Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Important Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 HERPETOFAUNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Summary of Fall Field Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Important Species . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 FUTURE SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 REFERENCES CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B i
LIST OF TABLES Table Pace 1 vegetational species in the study area and their relative abund-ances by covertype . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . 3 2 Scientific names of woody vegetational species observed in the study area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2a Scientific names of common non-woody vegetational species observed in the study area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 Habitat requirements and other information about endangered, threat-ened, or rare plant species which may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties. . . . . . . . 13 4 Mammals captured in live traps in the study area, October 7-14, 1978. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5 Mammalian species not captured in live-traps, but detected by other means during fall field work (September 25 - October 20, 1978) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6 Scientific names of mammalian species detected in the study area. . 22 7 Mamalian species not detected during fall field work but which, based on range maps and habitat requirements may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay' Midland or Saginaw Counties
, . . . 23 8 Habitat requirements of Endangered, threatened, or rare mammalian species which may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 9 Habitat requirements of mamalian species of major recreational and/or economic importance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10 Bird species observed in the study area during fall field work, October 7-14, 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 11 Scientific names of bird species detected in the study area during fall field work, October 7-14, 1978 . . . . . . . . . 29 12 Habitat requirements of endangered, threatened, or rare bird species which may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 13 Habitat requirements of bird species of major recreational and/or economic importance that may be found in the study area or else-where in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties . . . . . . . . . 35 11
LIST OF TABLES (Cont'd) Table Page 14 Reptiles and amphibians detected in the study area during the fall field work, October 7-14, 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . 39 15 Habitat requirements of endangered, threatened or rare reptiles and amphibians which may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland or Saginaw Counties . . . . . . . . . . . 40 S 111
1 INTRODUCTION Staff of Asplundh Environmental Services (AES) and S & R Environ-mental Consulting began field work on the Midland right-of-way (ROW) on September 18, 1378. Fall field work has been complete'. and the data are presented in this report. Major tasks to be addressed in this assessment for Consumers are soils, vegetation, mammalian fauna, avifauna, and herpeto-fauna. In addition to information presented for the ROW which includes Saginaw and Midland Counties, "important" species as defined in the NRC Regulatory Guide are also given for Bay County because of its proxinity to the ROW. SOILS The Soil Conservation Service Offices of both Midland and Saginaw Counties have been contacted. Midland County is currently preparing a roll survey but sent us a draft of the information they have available. Saginaw County has a recently completed survey which we will obtain. Topography quad maps have also been obtained from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). Soils and topographical discussions have yet to be completed. VEGETATION The non-agricultural areas of the ROW were visited by our senior ecologists. Fourteen major cover types (described below) comprised of natural vegetational communities are delineated on the aerial photos (Appendix B) . Appendix A at the end of this report gives the abbreviated formulas for each community.
2 Table 1 lists by cover type the vegetation species found along randomly selected transects on the ROM. Table 2 and 2a list the common and scientific names for the woody and non-woody plant species. Table 3 su=marizes habitat requirements of threatened or rare plant species found in Bay, Midland, and Saginaw Counties. Young Upland Woods (YUW) Areas of young upland woods in the study area are limited to a few hedgerows dominated by small white ash, American elm, basswood and apple, and small sandy openings with black cherry and quaking aspen. Trees are less than 6 inches dbh, and are usually~20-35 feet in height. Hawthorn and wild grape are common understory species in the hedgerows; the sandy openings have patches of bramble and staghorn sumac. Both the hedgerows and the sandy openings are underlain by grasses and are surrounded by old-field and agri-cultural lands. , Pole-sized Upland Woods (PUW) Pole-sized upland woods include communities dominated by aspen, red maple, white oak and burr oak, black cherry and elm. Paper birch is common. Tree diameters range from 6-15 inches dbh. Grey dogwood form dense patchy understories. Bracken fern, bramble, catbrier, forbs and grasses are common ground cover species. This cover type occurs mostly on sandy outwash plains. Mature Upland Woods (MUW) This cover type occurs only on a few sandy ridges in the southern part of the study area. Dominant crown trees are greater than 15 inches dbh and average 60-90 feet in height. Bigtooth and quaking aspens, and oaks are
TABLE 1. Vegetational species in the study area and their relative abundances by covertype. (A = abundant; C = common; U = uncommon) COVER TYPE YLII PUW YUC MLH MUW SS WM PLil YUW B OF SOP MUC SPECIES OVERSTORY Swamp white oak A C C Red maple A U A U Paper birch U C C Large-toothed aspen C A C Quaking aspen C U A C C A Speckled alder A Pin oak U C U A U C White oak C U Red pine A A Jack pine C Sassafras -C Bur oak U U Slippery elm U U Shadbush ' C Black cherry C C U C U Shagbark hickory U Tulip tree U Red oak C U U A C Bitternut hickory U C C Apple U Sugar maple C C C C U Silver maple C Green ash C Cottonwood C U Sycamore U American elm U Basswood U IIackberry C w Black walnut U Uhite birch C U U
TABU 1, continued COVER TYPE YLl! PUW YUC MLII MUN SS WM PLII YUU B OF SOP MUC White pine U C SPECIES - 2ND STRATA Shadbush C U C Red maple A A Speckled alder C Narrowleaf meadowsweet U U C A C Pin oak U C A C Witch hazel C A U A Silky dogwood U Gray-stemmed dogwood C C C Alternate leaved dogwood C C Swamp dogwood C Black cherry C U C C Quaking aspen A C U U U White oak U Chokecherry U Staghorn sumac U Low bush blueberry A Steeplebush U White spruce U Green ash U U A Swamp white oak C C White birch U Tupelo U White pine U Beech U IIawthorn U A Red pine U Prickly ash C C U Large-toothed aspen U U Bitternut hickory C U A C American elm U U
1 TABm 1, continued. COVER TYPE YLII PUW YUC MLII MUU SS WM PLII YUW D OF SOF MUC Slippery elm C Basswood C Winte rberry U U Red oak U C llackberry U Poison ivy C Apple U llornbeam C C I!op hornbeam U American fly honeysuckle U C Sassafras A Shagbark hickory C White ash C Red ash C Maple leaved viburnum C . Willow C C C Large cranberry A liighbush blueberry A Buttonbush U A Smooth alder U Sugar maple U SPECIES - 3RD STRATA Currant U Green ash U U U Black cherry C C U Sassafras U U Royal fern U C Sensitive fern C Bracken fern C C Aster U ui White pine U Red maple A A
TABtm -1, continued COVER TYPE YLil PUW YUC MLII MUW SS HM PLII YUW D OF SOP MUC Quaking aspen A Witch hazel C C liighbush blueberry C U Narrowleaf meadowsweet U U Shadbush U Willow U Winterberry U C Chokecherry U C Viburnum U U Gray-stemmed dogwood U U American elm C Slippery clm U Silky dogwood U Meadow horsetail C Buttonbush . U GROUND COVER Poison ivy U U A U Strawberry U C U C U Wild lily-of-the-valley U U Creeping dewberry C ' Wintergreen A C A C C C Wild yam U Mad-dog skullcap U = Running pine U Aster C C C A C ' A Grasses U A A False Solomon's seal A U C A Meadow horsetail U C Sedges U Swamp milkweed U C m Bittersweet nightshade U Dock C
TAL. 1, continued . COVER TYPE YLil PUW YUC MLII MUW SS WM PLH YUW B OF SOP MUC Water hemlock U U Nut sedge U Flag iris U Jewelweed U U Nettles A Rue C Ginger C U Canada moonseed C U Virginia creeper C Maple leaved viburnum U Greenbrier C Wild asparagus U U Lopseed C IIoneysuckle C White snakeroot . U Trillium U Coldthread C Sphagnum moss A Rushes C Rough horsetail C U Queen Anne's lace A Mullien A Yarrow A Pearly everlasting A C Sheep sorrei C C Dogbane C Swamp rose U Thistle C Raspberry U Indian pipes U Bracken fern C A C A Sensitive fern U U q Christmas fern U Royal fern U U
TABLE 1, cc,atinued COVER TYPE YLII PUW YUC M LII MUW SS WM PLII YUW B OF SOF MUC Cut-leaved grape fern U U Cleavers C C liighbush blueberry C A A Lowbush blueberry C Ilickory saplings C Bristly dewberry C C C C Goldenrod C C A A Summer grape C C A A U Broad-leaved aster C C Prickly gooseberry C C Moss C C American red raspberry U Blackberry A IIcart-shaped aster U Partridge berry C Staghorn cluhnoss U Tulip tree U Bedstrew U Moneywort U A C Trefoil - U Self heal U Dodder A A Sticktight C Smartweed A Cutgrass A virginia chain fern C , Duckweed C o>
9 TABLE 2. Scientific names of woody vegetational species observed in the study area. , CC??'ON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Jack pine Pinus banksiana . Red pine P. resinosa White pine P. strobus White spruce Picea glauca Large-toothed aspen Populus grandidentata Trembling aspen P. tremuloides Eastern cottonwood P. deltoides Willow spp. Salix spp. Black walnut Juglans nigra Bitternut hickory Carya cordiformis Shagbark hickory C. ovata Hop hornbeam Ostrya virginiana Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana Paper birch Betula papyrifera Hackberry Celtis occidentalis American elm , Ulmus americana Slippery elm U. fulva American beech Fagus grandifolia Burr oak Quercus macrocarpa Swa=p white oak Q. bicolor W ite oak g. alba Pin oak Q. palustris Red oak Q. borealis Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera Sassafras Sassafras albidum Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Black cherry Prunus serotina Choke cherry P. virginiana Shadbush Amelanchier casadensis staghorn sumac Rhus typhina Basswood Tilia americana Red maple Acer rubrum
10 TABLE 2, continued COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Silver maple Acer saccharinum Sugar maple A. saccharum Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica - Alternate-leaved dogwood Cornus alternifolia Gray-stemmed dogwood C. racemosa Red-osier dogwood C. stolonifera Swamp dogwood C. amomum Red ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica White ash F. americana G';een ash F. p. lanceolata speckled alder Alnus incana Apple Pyrus spp. Narrowleaf meadowsweet Pirea alba Witch hazel Hamamelis virginiana Hawthorn Crategus spp. Prickly ash Zanthoxylum americanum Smooth alder Alnus rugosa Poison ivy Rhus' radicans Grape Vitis spp. Lowbush blueberry vaccinium vacillans Highbush blueberry V. corymbosum American fly honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Large cranberry vaccinium macrocarpum Currant Ribes spp. Common winterberry Ilex verticillata Virginia creeper Parthenociusus quinquefolia
11 TABLE 2a. Scientific names of common non-woody vegetational species observed in the study area. CCMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC UAME Rough horsetail Equisetum hiemale , Meadow horsetail E. pratense Royal fern Osmunda regalis Bracken fern O. claytoniana sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides Cut-leaved grape fern Botrychium dissectum Virginia chain fern Woodwardia virginica Staghorn clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum Running pine L. complanatum Sedges Carex spp. Sphagnum moss Sphagnum spp. Strawberry Fragaria virginiana Wild lily-of-the-valley Mianthemum canadense Creeping dewberry Rubus flagellaris Raspberry . R. spp. Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens Wild yam Dioscorea spp. Mad-dog skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora Aster Aster spp. False Solomon's seal Smilacins spp. Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata Bittersweet nightshade Celastrus scandens Dock Rumex spp. Water hemlock Cicuta maculata Flag iris Iris versicolor cewel weed Impatiens biflora Nettles Urtica spp. Rue Thalictrum spp. Wild ginger Asarum canadense Canada moonseed Menispermum canadense Maple-leaved viburnum viburnum acerifolium Greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia
12 Table 2a, continued COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Wild asparagus Asparagus spp. Lopsced Phryma leptostachya White snakeroot Eupatorium rogusun Trillium Trillium spp. Goldthread Coptis groenlandica Bog cotton Triothorum spp. Queen Anne's lace Daucus carota Mullien Verbascum thapsus Yarrow Achillea millefolium Pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Sheep sorrel Rumex acetosella Swamp rose Rosa palustris Dogbane Ansonia spp. Thistle Carduus spp. Indian pipes Monotropa uniflora Cleavers Galium aparine Goldenrod Solidago spp. Moss Politricum spp. Partridge berry Mitchella repens Bedstraw Galium spp. Moneywort Lysimachia nu=mularia Trefoil Desmodium spp. Self heal Prunella vulgaris Dodder Cuscuta gronovii Duckweed Lemna minor Sticktight Bidens spp. Smartweed Polygonum spp. Cutgrass Leersia spp. Steeplebush Spirea tomentosa
13 TABLE 3. Habitat requirements and other information about endangered, threatened, or rare plant species which may be found in 'the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties. (after Voss 1972). SPECIES _ HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Carex platyphylla (Carey) Rich deciduous woods and rocky slopes. T* (M*) Flowers late April-June. (Saginaw Co.) Habenaria flava (L.) Usually in swampy woods, St seasonal pools, Green orchid in sandy alder thickets, etc., but some-R(M); T(US) times in open moist ground. Could occur in several locales in the study area. Flowers June-September. (Saginaw Co.) Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) Open bogs (on floating mats) and tamarack Prairie fringed orchid swamps as well as wet prairie marshes. T (Saginaw and Bay Cos.) Trillium viride (Beck) According to Voss (1972), this is a taxon T (M) of the southeastern U.S. which suddenly appeared in 1950 in a mature beech-maple woods in Saginaw Co., and was also collected in northwestern Gratiot Co. Such occurrences may represent long-dormant escapes from wild-flower gardens. Flowers April-May.
.(Saginaw Co.)
Cypripedium arietinum (R. Br.) In Michigan, thrives best on low dunes, in Ram-s head lady-slipper partial shade of fringe in conifers along R(M); T(US) the northern shores of Lakes Michigan, Euron, and Superior; inland, under jack pine and oak and also in coniferous swamps dominated by ~,dar, tamarack, spruce, and fir. Flowers late May-June. (Midland Co.) Carex seorsa (Howe) Wet woods; swamps. Flowers April-early T (M) June. (Midland Co.) Sisyrinchium atlanticum (Bickn.) Fields; moist sandy shores; damp-dry T(M) meadows; marshes; low woods. Flowers May-July. (Midland Co.) ,
- T = threatened; R = Rare; (M) indicates status in Michigan; (US) indicates status in United States.
TABLE 3, continued 14 Diarrhena americana (Beauv.) Floodplains; swampy forests; shaded river-T(M) banks and creek bottoms. Flowers July - September. (Midland Co.) Lindernia anagallidea (Michaux) Damp shores; sands. Flowers June-Octcber. False pimpernel (Midland Co.) T(M) Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudel) Marshes and other wet places, e.g., ditches, T(M) borders of springs. (Bay Co.) Stipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Only Michigan collec'lons c were from dry T(M) soil along railroads (in Kalamazoo Co.), and from banks of the Saginaw River in Bay Co. Probably not native to Michigan (Voss 1972). (Bay Co.) Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Dry sandy soils and prairies. Woodson-T(M) (Bay Co.) Habenaria ciliaris (L.) Bogs; damp sandy meadows. T(M) (Bay Co.)
15 the most abundant crown species. In most communities in this cover type, the understory is sparse with tree saplings and witch hazel. The ground cover is very diverse with catbrier, Virginia creeper and various ferns and wildflowers. Due to the shade of the overstory, many species of wildflowers probably bloom in early spring. Young Upland Coniferous Woods (YUC) This cover type occurs only in a few small sandy areas where scotch and red pines and white spruce have been planted in rows. The understory and ground cover are both sparse. Bracken fern is common. Quaking aspen, bramble and grey dogwood grow in patches along the edges of most communities in this cover type. Mature Uoland Coniferous Woods (MUC) This cover type includes stands of tall, straight, red pines planted in rows 40-50 years ago on sandy ridges and outwash plains. Most trees are 10-20 inches dbh and 40-65 feet in height. The pines are "self-pruned"--most lower branches have died and fallen off. Owing to the dense shade of the crown trees, the understory and ground cover are very sparse. Young Lowland Hardwoods (YLH) This cover type includes dense thickets of tag alder and logged-over areas dominated by young green ash and prickly ash. Also included in this type are formerly grazed lowlands now de-inated by hawthorn. The understory and ground cover are very sparse in the tag alder thickets and grassy in the hawthorn-dominated areas. Where green ash and prickly ash dominate, slash from logging is abundant. Associated woody species include elm, wild grape, and poison ivy.
16 Pole-sized Lowland Hardwoods (PLH) Pole-sized lowland hardwoods is one of the most prevalent cover types in the study area. Most of the comunities included in this type are dominated by quaking aspen, red maple, elm and green ash, but in a few wood-lots pignut hickory and swamp white oak are most prevalent. Hawthorn, prickly ash and saplings of the above-mentioned species characterize the understory. The ground cover in most comunities is dense, comprised of poison ivy, goldenrod, asters, nettles and various forbs. Small patches of bare ground indicate that standing water remains for a substantial part of the grcwing season in a few spots. This cover type was damaged greatly by ice storms in 1975 and 1976. Most aspen and many maples were toppled or stripped of their limbs by the storms which hit most of the Saginaw Valley. This has resulted in a dense patchy cover with many nearly impenetrable tangles. Numerous deformed trees also reflect storm damage. Mature Lowland Hardwoods (MLH) This cover type includes lowlands dominated by large pin oak, green ash, red maple, burr oak and pignut hickory d5 dbh 15-30 inches and 45-80 feet in height. Saplings of these species, grape, hawthorn and elm characterize lower strata. The ground cover in most comunities is both dense and diverse with poison ivy, Virginia creeper, nettles, and various forbs. As in the pole-sized lowland hardwoods type there are some low patches of bare ground. Because of the greater diameter of the crown trees and the relative scarcity of aspen (which breaks easily under weight) this cover type was damaged much less by the 1975 and 1976 ice storms than were the pole-sized lowland hardwoods.
17 Old Field (OF) 3everal old fields in various stages of succession occur in the study area. A few are abandoned croplands. Dominant species are goldenrod, grasses, asters and wild strawberry. In a few places there is considerable encroachment by grey and red-osier dogwoods and sapling trees. Shrub Old Field (SOF) This cover type includes late succession old fields with clumps of grey dogwood, red-osier dogwood, hawthorn, bramble and tree saplings intermixed with goldenrod, Queen-Anne's lace, asters, grasses and other herbaceous species. Shrub Swamo (SS) There are several old creek beds and bayous in the study area which are dominated by dense buttenbush 4-10 feet in height. Red-osier dogwood and chokeberry are common. Standing water is present much of the year but is absent during most of the growing season. Wet Meadow (WM) Wet meadows are scattered along the banks of agricultural drains and creeks and bayous in the study area. 'Ihey are dominated by smartweed, cutgrass, beggar ticks and various other wetland-dwelling herbaceous species. Standing water is present year-round in some of these; in others the soil remains moist throughout the growing season. Bog (B) The southern part of the proposed RON includes the corner of a
18 relatively large cranberry bog. Bogs are not numerous ,in the region; this community is probably the most unique vegetative association in the study area. This bog consists almost exclusively of low dense cranberry underlain by a dense mat of sphagnum moss. Some scattered lumps of highbush blueberry and a few paper birch occur mostly along the edge of this bog, but diversity is very low. Characteristic species of " classical" bogs--e.g., pitcher plant, sundew, tamarack, black spruce--are absent. No standing water was present in summer or fall of 1978. The bog depends on drainage to the northeast through a narrow shrub swamp crossed by the proposed ROW. Agricultural Land (Ag) Much of the study area is actively farmed agricultural land. These lands consist mostly of fields of wheat, alfalfa and corn, with some pastures for cattle. Many of these fields are very large; individual fields of 50 acres or more are common in this region. MAMMALIAN FAUNA Summary of Fall Field Work Live-trapping was conducted in communities representative of each of the 13 natural vegetational cover types (excludes agricultural land) previously described. Sherman live traps baited with peanut butter and rolled oats were set a minimum of 10 meters apart. Two hundred-fifty trap-nights were conducted in each cover type during October 7-14, 1978. Pit traps were also constructed in each cover type. Table 4 sw=marizes results of the live trapping. Only five species were captured in a total of 3250 trap-nights. Deer mice constituted 219 of
. TABLE 4. Mammals captured in live traps in the study area, October 7-14, 1978.
COVER TYPES SPECIES WM SS PLl! MUII MUC OF SOP YUC YLII MLII B YUII PUlf TOTALS Deer mouse 20 7 15 57 2 5 5 4 6 27 48 6 17 219 Short-tailed shrew 1 3 2 1 6 2 1 17 Eastern chipmunk 2 2 4 Meadow vole 2 2 4 Meadow jumping mouse 1 1 TOTALS 23 8 15 60 3 9 6 6 6 27 54 8 20 245** TRAP NIGIITS 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 3250** PERCENT SUCCESS 9.2 3.2 6.0 24.0. 1.2 3.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 10.8 21.6 3.2 8.0 7.5***
- Scientific names are listed in Table
** Grand Total *** Grand Average
20 the total 245 small mammals captured. No mammals were captured in the pit traps. In addition to the five mammal species captured by live-trapping, 13 other mammal species were detected during fall field work (Table 5) . Table 6 lists common and scientific names for those species detected on the ROW. Table 7 lists additional mam=alian species which, based on range maps and habitat requirements, may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland or Saginaw counties. Important Species No endangered, threatened or rare 19amalian species were detected during fall field work. However, according to MDNR (1976) and Burt and Grossenheider (1976), two threatened species (southern bog lemming and pine vole), three rare or scarce species (Thompson's pigmy shrew, hoary bat and badger), and two peripheral species (gray fox and evening bat) could occur in the study area and/or elsewhere in Bay, Midland or Saginaw counties. Several sightings of badgers have been reported near the study areas we are not aware of sightings of any of the other above-mentioned important species in the vicinity. Project supervisor Patrick Rusz, a native of the St. Charles area, observed a badger approximately 4 miles east of the proposed ROW in 1973 (near the intersection of Lakefield Road and M-52), and found a road-killed badger in the same area in 1976. He also saw a badger which was trapped by Edgar Turner Jr. of St. Charles in 1975 in the Shiawassee State Game Area about 8 miles east of the proposed ROW. Habitat requirements and other ecological information concerning the
TABLE 5. Mammalian species not captured in live-traps, but detected by other means during fall field work (September 25-October 20, 1978). Capital letters refer to natural vegetational cover types previously described. NUMBER NUMBER CARCASSES SPECIES ** SIGilTED SIGN
- FOUND WIIERE DETECTED Oppossum 0 t 1 WM; OF Raccoon 1 st O All cover types.
Mink O t O OP at Midland plant site only. Striped skunk O ot 0 Several cover types. Red fox 0 t O Several cover types. Woodchuck 1 bt O OF; SOF; edges of other types. Thirteen-lined ground squirrel 2 b O OF Red squirrel 20+ bhc 0 All wooded types. Eastern fox squirrel 3 hte 1 Wooded types except YUC and MUC. Muskrat 1 bt 1 Ditches, streambanks, WM. Eastern mole O b O OF; SOP Eastern cottontail 6 st O All cover types. White-tailed deer 3 st O All cover types.
- b = browse marks or rubbings h = house or nest t = tracks ,,
c = heard call o = smelled odor d = diggings or burrows s = scat ,
** Scientific names are listed in Table 6.
U
22 TABLE 6. Scientific names of mammalian species detected in the study area (Burt and Grossenheider 1976) . COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NN4E Oppossum Didelphis marsupialis Eastern mole Scalopus aquaticus Shorttail shrew Blarina brevicauda Raccoon Procyon lotor Mink Mustela vison striped skunk Mephites cephites Red fox Vulpes fulva Woodchuck Marmota monax Thirteen-lined ground squirrel Citellus tridecemlineatus Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus Red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Eastern fox squirrel Sciurus niger Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Muskrat Ondatra zibethica Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus
23 TABLE 7. Mammalian species not detected during fall field work but which, based on range maps and habitat requirements (Burt and Grossenheider 1976) may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland or Saginaw counties. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Starnose mole Condylura cristata Masked shrew Sorex cinereus Least shrew Cryptotis parva Thompson's pigmy shrew Microsorex thompsoni (Baird) Little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus Keen myotis M. keeni Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Big brown bat Eptesimis fuscus Red bat Lasiurus borealis Hoary bat L. cinereus Longtail weasel Mustela frenata Least weasel M. rixosa Badger Taxidea taxus Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus Coyote Cani.s latrans Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans Beaver Castor canadensis . White-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus Southern bog lemming Synaptomys cooperi Pine vole Pitymys pinetorum Rattus norvegicus Norway rat House mouse Mus musculus s
24 above-mentioned species are summarized in Table 8. Several species not endangered, threatened or rare, aut which are important for recreational and/or economic reasons may be-found in the study area. Included are six species detected during fall field work-- white-tailed deer, red fox, fox squirrel, Eastern cottontail, muskrat, raccoon and mink--and two species--beaver and gray squirrel--which may also be found in the area *. Hunting for deer, fox, squirrels, rabbits and raccoon is very popular, especially in the southern parts of the study area. Trapping, especially for muskrat and fox, is also very popular; a considerable number of local residents depend on trapping to supplement otherwise below-average incomes. Habitat requirements and other information concerning these recreationally and/or economically important species are su=marized in Table 9. AVIFAUNA Su= mary of Fall Field Work Bird censuses were conducted in communities representative of each of the 13 natural vegetational cover types previously described (excludes agricultural land) . Census techniques included modified Emlen Transect Counts (Emlen 1971), complete censuses (of small communities), and direct counts of flocking birds. Bird species observed during other field work were also recorded.
- Black bears have . occasionally wandered in,t,o Midland and Saginaw counties in su=mer; however, bears are not resident to Bay, Midland or Saginaw counties.
25 TABLE 8. Habitat requirements of endangered, threatened, or rare mammalian species which may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties. SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS
- Threatened:
Southern bog lemming Moist, grassy areas; favors heavy grass cover. Several small patches of dense cutgrass along ditch and creek banks in the ROW could provide habitat for this species. Pine vole Grassy areas at edges of woodlands; deciduous forests with thick layer of duff; orchards. Numerous locales within the study area could provide habitat for this species. Rare or Scarce: Thompson's pigmy shrew Both open, grassy areas and forested lands. Could be found in any cover type in the study area. Hoary bat Migratory, summers in Michigan. Hangs during day among leaves of tall trees; favors forests. Badger Open grasslands. Near the study area it has been most frequently observed on grassy dikes and ditchbanks and at edges of old fields and areas with shorter grass (e.g. , cemeteries, pastures) . Peripheral: Gray fox Primarily open woods. Evening bat Migratory, summers in Michigan. Hangs by day in trees and buildings. Often forages along streams.
- Modified from Michigan Department of Natural Resources (1976) and Burt and Grossenheider (1976).
26 TABLE 9. Habitat requirements of mammalian sperties of major recreational and/or economic importance. . SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS
- Raccoon Along streams, lakes and wetlands; woodl, ands near water; favors areas with abundance of logs and other debris. Found throughout the study arer.
Mink Along stream, lakes and wetlands. Detected along Tittabawassee River; could be found along several streams and drains in the study area. Red fox Prefers mixture of open land and wooded areas. In the study area it often sleeps during the day in large open fiel'ds. Hunts in a wide variety of habitats. Dens in burrows. Eastern fox squirrel Mature woods with nut tr2es. In the study area it favors oak-dominated ridges, and lowland woods dominated by pignut hickory, pin oak and burr oaks. Often feeds in corn fields at edges of woods in fall. Eastern gray squirrel Hardwood forests with nut trees, river bottoms. Prefers more extensive woods than does the Eastarn fox squirrel. Much less co= mon than fox squirrei in the study area; but seen occasionally. Beaver Stream and lakes with trees or alders on banks. Near the study area it is mostly confined to a few stretches of the larger rivers. It is unlikely that it is found in the study area. Muskrat A variety of wetlands with permanent standing water and along streams, lakes and drains. It prefers areas with lush growths of emergent aquatic vege-tation. Found throughout the study area along streams and drains. White-tal. led deer Forests, swamps and open brushy areas. In the study area it feeds in croplands much of the year. Uses pine stands for cover during severe winter weather, but unlike deer in northern Michigan, white-tails in the study area are not dependent on conifers for winter cover.
- Modified in part from Burt and Grossenheider (1976) .
27 The censuses were conducted from October 7-14, 1978. Based on our field observations and conversations with local bird watchers (including Dr. Eldon Enger, Professor of Biology, Delta Community College) , the majority of migrating song bird species passed through the study area during the first three weeks of September. Because of this and the scarcity of birds in the study area (several Emlen Transect. Counts yielded no bird data), we focused on obtaining species lists with relative abundances of birds in each cover type. Table 10 summarizes results of the censuses and informal observa-tions of birds in the study area. A total of 32 species were observed. Large flocks of white-throated sparrows and yellow-rumped warblers were seens other common species were cedar waxwing, blue jay, and robin. Because of the lateness of the censusing, only two species of warblers--the yellow-rumped warbler anp the Nashville warbler--were seen. Table 11 lists common and scientific names of species detected on the ROW. Important Species No endangered or rare avian species were observed during fall field work. One threatened species--marsh hawk--was seen. Several marsh hawks were sighted overhead, near stands of mature conifers, one individual was observed resting in a pine stand, Since mature conifer communities are not a preferred habitat of this species, it is assumed that the hawks were merely using these stands as resting sites during their migration south.
' According to MDNR (1976), two endangered species- peregrine falcon and. Kirtland's warbler--are found in Michigan. Both are migrants, hence they
TABLE 10. Bird species observed in the study area during fall field work, October 7-14, 1978. For bird species encountered infrequently, numbers of contacts are given. Parentheses () indicate birds observed flying overhead. COVER TYPE YUW PUW MUW YUC MUC YUI PLII MLII OF SOF SS WM B Ag Canada goose 1* 7 Turkey valture (1) Red-tailed hawk (1) Marsh hawk (3)1 American kestrel (1) 1 1 (2) (1) (5) Ruffed grouse 1 1 .5 1 Ring-necked pheasant 1 2 Killdeer 2 American woodcock 2 1 2 Ring-billed gull 50+ Common flicker 1 Red-bellied woodpecker 1 1 IIairy woodpecker - 1 Dc,any woodpecker 1 1 1 Blue jay C** 2 1 C C 2 2 Crow 2 (1) Black-capped chickadee C C 2 1 C C (C) (C) 2 C Tufted titmouse C C White-breasted nuthatch C 3 C (1) Robin C C C 1 1 Cedar waxwing C C Nashville warbler 1 Yellow-rumped warbler C C C (C) Eastern meadowlark (C) 4 2 Red-winged blackbird 't C C Cardinal 1 1 1 American goldfinch (C) C C' Rufous-sided towhee C C C C C Dark-eyed junco C C 1 C C C C 1 Field sparrow C 1 C C C White-throated sparrow C C C 1 C C C C 1 Song sparrow C C C E$
- Carcass found under transmission line at Midland Plant Site.
** C = species encountered frequently and/or several flocks observed.
29 TABLE 11. Scientific names of bird species detected in the study area during fall field work, October 7-14, 1978.. COMMON NM4E SCIENTIFIC NN4E
- Canada goose Branta canadensis .
Turkey vulture Cathartes aura Red-tailed hawk d Buteo jama.censis Marsh hawk Circus cyaneus hudsonius American kestrel Falco sparverius Ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus Ring-necked pheasant Phasianas colchicus torquatus Killdeer Charadrius vociferus vociferus American woodcock Philobelaminor Ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis Common flicker Colaptes auratus Red-bellied woodpecker Centurus carolinus Hairy woodpecker Dendrocopus villosus Downy woodpecker D. pubescens Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata Crow . Corvus brachyrhynchos Black-capped chickadee Parus atricapillus Tufted titmouse P. bicolor White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis Robin Turdus migratorius Cedar waxwing Boabycilla cedrorum Nashville warbler Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla Yellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata coronata Eastern meadowlark Starnella magna Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Cardinal Richmondena cardinalis American goldfinch Spinus tristis tristis Rufous-sided towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Field sparrow Spizella pusilla pusilla Song sparrow Melospiza melodia
- From AOU (1957, 1973).
30 could possibly occur in the study area. Neither species _ nests in the study area; the former no longer breeds in Michigan, the latter nests only in certain jack pine comnunities in northeastern Michigan. Nine threatened species--double-crested cornorant, Cooper's hawk, red-shouldered hawk, bald eagle, osprey, piping plover, barn owl, loggerhead shrike, and the above-mentioned marsh hawk--could occur occasionally in the study area. Eight rare or scarce species--common loon, black-crowned night horon, American bittern, sharp-shinned hawk, pigeon hawk, sandhill crane, Caspian tern, and barred owl--could also occur occasionally in the study area. Six of these-- double-crested cormorant, bald eagle, osprey, piping plover, common loon, and Caspian tern--are usually observed only near large bodies of water; hence they would likely occur only in that portion of the study area near the cooling pond at the Midland Plant Site. Table 12 s m arizes habitat requirements and other ecological information for each of the above-mentioned threatened or rare species. Numerous avian species not endangered, threatened or rare, but which are important for recreational and/or economic reasons may be found in the study area. Included are species detected during fall field work: red-tailed hawk, kestrel, great blue heron, woodcock, ruffed grouse, ring-necked pheasant and Canada goose. The latter four species are important game species for hunters. Other important species which may be found in the study area include various species of diving and dabbling ducks and water birds, bobwhite, screech owl, great horned owl, saw-whet owl, and (wintering) rough-legged hawk. The study area also provides habitat for many species of both migrant and resident song birds. Several of the larger agricultural fields (particularly in the northern part of the study area)
31 TABLE 12. Habitat requirements of ende ered, threatened, or rare bird species which may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties. SPECIES HABITAT REQUIPIMENTS Cooper's hawk Perches in dense, ~.eafy crowns, hunts birds and small Accipiter cooperii mamals in open farmland. Favors scattered woodlots (T, B)* interspersed with open farmland for nesting. Could nest throughout the study area. Red-shouldered hawk Nests and feeds in and around swamps, river bottoms, Buteo lineatus and other wet woodlands, and is common in farming (T, B) country in small wacd.~.ots, which provide acceptable (but not preferred) nest sites. A few places in the study e.rea could provide nesting sites, and abundant food sources. Red-shouldered hawks nest annually near the study area in flooded timber in the Shiawassee State Game Area. Bald eagle Seldom found far from water, e.g., lakes, large Haliaeetus leucocephr.lus rivers, and coastal areas. Large trees are used (T, B) for nesting; food staple is fish. Necessary nesting and feeding habitats are not found in the study area, except at the Midland Plant Site. Marsh hawk Marshes, grassy swales and open fields are required Circus evaneus hudsonius for feeding on staple foods such as frogs, snakes, (T, B) crayfish, large insects, and some small birds. Low meadows and marshy areas are suitable for nesting sites, where ' shrubs and tall weedy growth affords concealment. Marshy sites in the study area are probably too small to be used as nesting sites by this species. Osprey Nests in areas with extensive bodies of clear Pandion haliaetus water, with elevated nest sites. Food staple is carolinensis fish. No suitable nesting sites appear to exist (T, B) in the study area; this species may feed occas-sionally at the Midland Plant Site. Piping plover Nests on loose dry sand flats, and on open upper Charadrius melodus beach. Feeds on wet sand shores. No suitable (T, B) nesting habitat appears to exist in the study area. Barn owl Hunts in open country where it feeds on rodents. Tvto alba pratincola Nests in dark sheltered places, e.g., cavities, (T, B) caves, barns, silos, and abandoned buildings, many of which are located in or near the study area.
- T = threatened; R = rare; E = endangered.
B = may breed in the general area; M =. seasonal migrant.
32 TABLE 12, continued SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Loggerhead shrike Inhabits open country with woody growths for nesting Lanius ludovicianus sites and lookout perches; e tr. , hedgerows, scattered (T, B) trees, fence and utility poles, and wires. Food con-sists of insects, some mice, and birds. An unco = mon species, however, with general habitat requirements could be provided throughout the sttidy area. Black crowned Inhabits areas with extensive marshes, where it night heron feeds on fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. Nycticorax Most nesting sites are found in dense groves of nycticorax hoactli young trees near water. No suitable nesting sites (R, B) occur in the study area, but a large breeding colony was found at che mouth of th3 Saginaw River in Bay County. American bittern Inhabits fresh water marshes, where it nests in Botaurus lentiginosus dense stands of cattails or other marsh vegetation (R, B) in a foot or more of water. Food consists of large aquatic insects and small fish. T.arshy areas in the study area are probably too small to be important to this species. Sharp-shinned hawk Primarily a woodland species, where it selects a Accipiter striatus clump of conifers near a rocd or other opening for velox nesting. This species does not thrive around settled (R, B) areas, and for this reason is unlikely to nest in the study area. . Main food staple is small birds. Barred owl Inhabits swamps and deep woodlands near water, but Strix varia hunts over adjacent open country where it feeds on (R, B) mice, aquatic life, and other small mammals. Nests in tree hollows. Woodlands in the study area do not appear to be large enough to be important to this species. Peregrine falco" Migrates south along beaches, and hunts over wooded Falco peregrint s areas, open country, and coastal areas, where it (E, M) feeds on birds (including waterfowl and shorebirds). It is unlikely to sight this species in the study area. Double-crested Inhabits areas with large bodies of water, where it cormorant feeds primarily on fish and crustaceans. Unlikely Phalacrocorax auritus to be sighted in the study area. (T, M) Common loon Inhabits deep clear lakes, and to a lesser extent Gavia immer small ponds and rarshy bays, where it feeds on fish (R, M'l and other aquatic animals. A few individuals stay inland during the winter, but travel no further south than forced by ice. Sightings of loons are uncommon in southern Michigan; the only part of the study area where it might oce!ir is the Midland Plant Site.
TABLE 12, continued 33 SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMDITS Pigeon hawk This species is uncommon in Michigan. It inhabits Falco columbarius woodland openings and the borders of lakes, ponds, (R, M) and marshes. Food staples include small birds and large insects. It often nests in barns. Caspian tern Inhabits lake shores and coastal areas,'where it Hydroprogne caspia feeds on fish, small birds, and an occasional egg. (R, M) It may occur at the Midland Plant Site. Sandhill crane Inhabits open country, with small marshes, or Grus canadensis patches of prairie country for nesting. Favored (R, M) tooc= include tubers, waste grains, seeds, and berries. No suitable combination of nesting and feeding habitat exists in the study area. Virtland's warbler very specific nesting requirements which include Dendroica kirtlandii dense young stands of jack pine on Grayling sand. (E, M) Suitable nesting habitat.does not occur in the study area. e
34 are used for feeding by geese and puddle ducks (mostly mallards) . Habitat requirements and other ecological information con",erning the above-mentioned recreationally and/or economically important species are summarized in Table 13. HERPETOFAUNA Strrmary of Fall Field Work Attempts to detect species of reptiles and amphibians were made in each of the 13 natural vegetational cover types. Logs and stumps were overturned, and wet areas investigated. Table 14 su=marizes resultant data. Only four species of amphibians and two reptilian specit.s were coserved. The small number of specimens sighted was probably due in part to cold weather during fall field work. The most common species were green frog and American toad. Imnortant Species No endangered, threatened, or rare species of reptiles or amphibians were observed during fall field work. However, according to MDNR (1976) and Conant (1975), one rare amphibian species--four-toed salamander--and three reptilian species--black rat snake, five-lined skink, and wood turtle--may be found in the study area. Other rare, endangered, threatened, or rare species which may be located elsewhere in Bay, Midland or Saginaw counties are eastern spiny softshell turtle and spotted turtle. Habitat requirements and other ecological information regarding the above-mentioned species are su=marized in Table 15. Another important species which is not endangered, threatened or rare, but which is of some economic importance, is the snapping turtle.
35 TABLE 13. Habitat requirements of bird species of major recreational andA ' economic importance that may be found in the study area or else-where in Bay, Midland, or Saginaw Counties. SPECIES HABITAT REOUIRE'4ENTS
~
Red-tailed hawk Inhabits open woodlands, where it nests in stands Buteo jamaicensis of mature, widely-dispersed trees. Avoids open farmland. Food consists chiefly of rodents and carrion. This species was sJghted overhead in the study area. Suitable nesting sites are found in the mature lowland hardsoods (MLH) and the mature upland woods (MUW). Broad-winged hawk Inhabits extensive tracts of deciduous forests where Buteo platypterus it nests and feeds. Food consists of frogs, toads, platypterus snakes, insects, and small mallmals. Woodland com-munities in the study area, except perhaps the mtture lowland hardwoods (MLH), are not extensive enough to be important to this species. American kestrel Frequents open land, pasture and croplands with Falco so&rverius scattered trees, where it spends much time perched in tall trees and on utility poles. Nests in natural cavities or woodpecker holes in or near open land. Food includes insects, mice, and other small mmals. Several kestrels were sighted in the study area, which provides both suitable nesting and feeding h'abitat. Great blue heron Inhabits small streams, ponds, lakes, and ditches. Ardea wurdemanni Wet meadows and pastures are common feeding grounds. Food includes snakes, insects, mice, frogs, and fish. Colonial nests are usually located in isolated islands, in tall trees or shrubs. One heron was observed in the study area in the shrub swamp cover type (SS) near standing water. It is unlikely that this species nests in the study area. Green heron Inhabits a variety of wetlands; nests in shrubs or Butorides virescens trees, sometimes a considerable distance from water. Probably feeds in wetlands and along strea=s in the study area and may nest in a few locales. Least bittern Inhabits extensive marsh areas, brooks, or ponds. Ixobrychus exilis Nest in cattails or other marsh vegetation. Food exilis consists of small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic and terrestrial insects. Suitable nesting areas are lacking in the study area. e
TABLE 13, continued 36 SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS - Woodcock Several woodcock were sighted in the pole-sized Philohela minor upland woods (PUW) ,where thick cover and rich soil provide suitable nesting and feeding habitat. Other places preferred by this species include alder thickets and moist bottomlands... Main food source is earthwor=s. Ruffed grouse Habitat requirements include a combination of age Bonasa umbellus classes of aspen for nesting, food, and cover. Several grouse were sighted in the mature upland woods (MUW) and the lowland hardwoods (YLH, PLH, MLH). Bobwhite Inhabits cultivated lands, fields, or recently Colinus virainianus abandoned farmland grown to weeds and briar, brushy pastures, and grassland. Nests in thick clumps of grass, brushy woodland borders, vine tangles, and shrubby fencerows. Food includes seeds, insects, fruit, and greens. Several field and brush edges in the study area provide suitable nesting sites. Abundant food sources are also available. Ring-necked pheasant Areas of brushy cover along fences, ditches, and Phasianus colchicus roadsides provide good nesting sites. Good winter torcuatus cover is important. The study area, with its blend of agricultural land and brushy edges, provides good habitat for this species. Screech owl Inhabits open woodlands, clearings, and orchards. Otus asio Nests in old woodpecker holes and natural cavities. Food includes flying insects, moths, frogs, and crayfish. Suitable habitat for this species may be provided in the young upland woods (YUW), the mature upland woods (MUW), and in the mature lowland hardwoods (MLH). Great horned owl Occurs in many habitats, ranging from deep woods to Bubo virginianus city parks. Nests in vacated hawk, eagle, and heron nests. Food consists primarily of rabbits, with some rodents and birds. With the wide range of habitat, many sites within the study area could provide suitable habitat. Long-eared owl Timber in which to nest and roost see=s to be the Asio otus wilsonianus main requirement. It nests in vacated crow and squirrel nests, preferably in evergreens. Food consists mainly of mice, which it captures over both open and wooded terrain. Several sites within the study area could provide suitable habitat.
TABLE 13, continued 37 SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Short-eared owl Inhabits open grasslands, marshes, and dunes. Nests Asio fla==eus flammeus on the ground in the shelter of tall grass and weeds. Food includes mice, insects, and an occasional bird. Both suitable nest sites and food sources can be found in the study area. Saw-whet owl Inhabits dense woodlands, preferring evergreen and Aeoolius acadia acadia low wet areas. It hunts and roosts close to the ground, and nests in abandoned woodpecker holes. The young upland coniferous woods (YUC) adjacent to the young lowland hardwoods (YLH) could provide suitable habitat. Goshawk Prefers mixed growths and heavy timber. Hunts in Accipiter gentilis clearings and brushy openings. Feeds mainly on atricapillus small m - als and birds. This species is uncer.: mon in Michigan, Woodlands in the study area are probably not extensive enough to be of importance to this species. Rough-legged hawk Hunts over open grassy areas and fields. Food con-Buteo lacopus s. sists mainly of mice. Not known to breed at this johannis latitude, but has been known to winter. Suitable winter habitat could be provided by some sites within the study area. Whistling swan Migrant. Makes few stops during migration, usually Cycnus columbianus at the same place. Food consists of underwater plants. May occur occasionally at the Midland Plant Site. Cana.a goose Inhabits fresh water bodies, feeding in shallows Branta canadensis and adjacent marshlands. Grain fields are favorite feeding areas in the fall. This species was sighted on agricultural land in the study area. Migrant. Snow goose Migrant. Visits stubble fields for waste grain Chen hyperborea and browses on pasture grasses and roots. May seasonally use some sites within the study area. Wilson's snipe Inhabits wet meadows, grassy marshes and bogs. Capella callinago Feeds on insects, small crustaceans, and earthworms. delicata Nests in sedge tassocks or fern clumps in boggy marsh edge. The bog (B) cover type may provide suitable habitat. Virginia rail Inhabit and nest in dense marsh vegetation such as Rallus h limicola cattails, sedges, and reeds. Food includes seeds, King rail aquatic plants, mollusks, frogs, small fish, and Rallus eg elecans insects. Wetlands in the study area do not appear Sora to be large enough to be important to these species. Porzana carolina Florida gallinule Callinulh chloroeus cachinnans-
TABLE 13, continued 38 SPECIES HABITAT REQUIREMENTS - Diving ducks Wetlands with water depths of more than one foot, Genera Aythya, lakes, and large rivers. Feed primarily in water. Bucechala, Clangula, Probably occur at the Midland Plant Site and along Oxyura, Lophodytes, the Tittabawassee River. and Mergus ,,. Puddle ducks Wetlands of all types, lakes, ponds and streams. Genera Anas and Aix Frequently feed on waste grain and sometimes acorns. Probably occur at least during spring and fall migra-tions along streams and on croplands in the study area, and at the Midland Plant Site. 4 9
39 TABLE 14. Reptiles and amphibians detected in the study area during the fall field work, October 7-14, 1978. COVER TYPE SPECIES MLH YUN PLH E* S S, MUC Wood frog 1 (Rana sylvatica) Northern leopard frog 1 (E pipiens pipiens) Green frog 6 (R. clamitans melanota) American toad 3 2 3 (Bufo americanus) Eastern garter snake 1 1 (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) g
40 TABLE 15. Habitat requirements of endangered, threatened or rare reptiles and amphibians which may be found in the study area or elsewhere in Bay, Midland or Saginaw Counties. SPECIES _ HABITAT REQUIREMENTS
- Threatened:
Black rat snake Habitat varies from rocky, timbered hillsides to Elaphe obsoleta flat farmlands and coastal plains. Woodlots and obsoleta agricultural lands in the study area could provide habitat for this species. Eastern box turtle Woodlands with fallen logs and rotting stumps. Terracene carolina carolina Rare or Scarce: Four-toed salamander Usually associated with sphagnum moss-covered Hemidactylium scatatum areas adjacent to woods; boggy woodland ponds. The bog in the southern part of the study area could provide habitat for this species. Five-lined skink Cutover woodlots with rotting stumps and logs, Eumaces tasciatus rock piles, debris. Many locales in the study area could provide habitat for this species. Spotted turtle Marshy meadows, bogs, swamps, small ponds, ditches. Clemmys cuttata, It could be found in many locales in the study area. Wood turtle Woods, meadows, farmlands. Could be found throughout C. inscupta the study area. Eastern spiny Mostly in rivers, but occasionally in lakes. Prefers softshell turtle rivers with sand bars. Probably not in. study area Trionyx spiniterus except, perhaps, along the Tittabawassee River. piniterus
- Modified in part from Conant (1975) and Michigan Department of Natural Resources (1976).
41 This species is used as food frequently by local residents. Snapping turtles are probably found in'several streams and drains crossed by the proposed ROff. FUEJRE SCHEDULE , This winter we will complete more detailed literature review and discussion of wildlife and vegetation on the ROW. Status of endangered, threatened, rare, and other important species will be monitored. Soils discussion and mapping will also be co=pleted during the winter. Next spring the final field work will be completed. Presence of flowering plants will be assessed. Spring inigrating and breeding bird censuses will also be conducted. Mist-netting for bats will be perfomed at the time of bird censuses. Searching for herpetofauna will again be perfomed.
42 REFEPINCES CITED American Ornithologists' Union. 1957. Check-list of North American birds. 5th ed., Lord Baltimore Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland. 691 pp. American Ornithologists' Union. 1973. Thirty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union check list of North American birds. Auk 90(2):411-419. Burt, W. H. and R. P. Grossenheider. 1976. A field guide to the ma=mals. 3rd edition. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. 320 pp. Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. 2nd edition. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. 400 pp. Emlen, J. T. 1971. Populations of birds derived frcu transect counts. The Auk 88(2):323-342. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. 1976. Michigan's endangered and threatened species program. Michigan Dept. Nat. Resources, Lansing, Mich. 30 pp. Voss, E. G. 1972. Michigan Flora, Part I. G p osperms and Monocots. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 55 and Univ. Michigan Herbarium. 488 pp. In addition, Ms. Sylvia Taylor of the Michigan Depart =ent of Natural Resources, supplied current information on endangered, threatened, and rare species in Michigan.
O e
. MO APPE!; DIX A O
APPENDIX A: Vegetational Community Formulas Abbreviated " formulas" for each of the vegetational communities delineated on the aerial photographs (Appendix B) are given on pages A A-10. These formulas indicate the most abundant plant species for each stratum and the gross physiognomy of each community. The formulas represent the " average" structure and species composition of each community; they may not be representative of particular locations within the communities. Key No. The number indexed on the aerial photos. Tree See text for general descriptions. Soecies comoosition Common names (and abbreviations) are used. Species are listed in order of relative abundance within a stratum; only those species which form an im-portant part of a stratum are noted. F = Forbs; G = Grasses. Den. The density of coverage of each stratum is given according to the following classification: I = open, 0-40% coverage; II = partially closed, 40-80% coverage; III = fully closed, 80-100% coverage. Dbh The range of diameters in inches of trees (at 4 1/2 ft. height) is given. Ht. The range in height is given in feet for most strata.
A-1 No. Type Species Composition
- Den. Dbh Ht.
1 YLH Q. aspen-Pin oak-R. maple III 3-6 18-30 __ Tag alder-R. maple II 2-4 12-18 __ Gr. dogwood III 4-8 _ F-ferns III 2 YUH Q. aspen-Sc. pine I 2-4 12-30 Blueberry-G.wlllow-Bramble-Golden- III rod 3 YUC Q. aspen-J. pine-W. spruce-Ch. II 3-6 15-25 cherry Ferns-Blueberry-Wintergreen-G III 4 PLH R. maple-Pin oak-0. aspen-Elm III 2-6 30-50 Gr. dogwood-Cherry-R. maple- I 4-10 Pin oak-Elm-Aspen-Ferns-G 5 MUC W. pine-P. birch III 4-15 30-50 Ferns-G II 6 MLH Sw. W. oak-R. maale-Pin oak III 13-23 50-80 P. birch-Sassafras-R. maple III 2-6 15-30 G-F II 7 PLH Cottonwood-Ascen-Willow-Cherry II 2-12 25-60 Bramble-Blueberry-Currant-G III 8 PUH Pin oak-0 aspen I '-8 30-55 Elm-Aspen-Sassafras-Witch hazel III 4-15 Cherry-R. maple Sassafras-Bramble-Gr. dogwood II Bracken 9 B Cranberry-Blueberry III l-3 Sphagnum moss III 10 ss Tag-alder-Buttonbush-Chokeberry III 4-12 Burreed-Sedges-G II 11 PUH Aspen-Pin oak-p. birch III 8-15 60-80 F-G-Bracken 12 PUH P. birch-Aspen-Pin oak III 6-12 40-70 Blueberry-Bracken-F-G III 2-4 13 YLH Tag alder II 2-4 10-20 W. boneset-Sedges-G-F III
A-2 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht 14 MLH Cottonwood I 20-25 50-_7Q_ Willow-Elm III 2-4 15-25 Asters-Goldenrod-G III 15 MUH Bl. cherry I 20-30 35-50 W. ash-Hawthorn-Grape-Elm-Cherry II 8-20 Bramble-Bracken-G II 16 YUC Scotch pine III 4-7 20-25 17 hLH Pignut hickory-Burr oak-Bl. I 22-30 60-80 walnut Grapo -H i ck o ry-E lm-H aw th orn-H oney- III l-3 6-18 suckle-Elder Bramble-Goldenrod-Beggartick- III Asters-G 18 PLH Hawthorn III 4-12 25-40 Nettles-Moneywort-F-G II 19 WM Smar tweed-Jewelweed-Cutgrass- III Water plantain 20 YLH Grape-Elm-R. maple-Hawthorn II 1-4 10-15 Bramble-G-Currant-G III 21 MUC R. pine III 12-18 45-60 22 PLH Pignut hickory-Elm-Gr. ash I5I 3-8 20-45 P. birch-Sassafras-Prickly ash II 1-3 15-30 Nettles-F II 23 MLH R. maple-Elm-Burr oak III 18-40 60-80 R. maple-Elm-Grape-Haw II 2-5 10-30 P. ivy-Nettles-Prickly cucumber 24 YLH Burr oak-Honeysuckle-Q. aspen- II l-2 4-10 Gr. dogwood-Bramhin Goldenrod-Aster-Bulrush-Iris-horse-III tail 25 PLH Q. aspen-R. maple-Bl. cherry-Elm- II 5-10 30-55 Sassagras-P. birch Witch hazel-Bl. cherry-Elm- Q. III 4-10 aspen-Gr. dogwood Elm- Viburnum-Bracken-F-Bramble- III Catbrier
A-3 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 26 PLH Q. aspen-Elm-Gr. ash-Cottonwood II 4-20 30-60 Bramble-G-F III 27 PUH Q. aspen-Burr oak-W. oak-Birch III 5-12 40-55 Witch hazel-Blueberry-Elm-Cherry II 3-12 F-G III 28 Aspen-Pin oak-W. pine-R. maple III 6-12 35-50 PUH Aspen-W. oine II 2-4 12-20 G-F III 29 Sw.w. oak-Pin oak,-Aspen II 3-13 45-70 PLH _ R. maple-Sw. w.__ oak I 2-4 15-25 Goldenrod-G-F-Poison Ivy III 30 PUH Aspen-Pin oak-W. birch II 4-12 30-45 Blueberry-Asters-G-Aspen-Pin oak III 3-8 31 MUH Bt. aspen-Oaks III 10 - 25 50-80 Ironwooo-G. ash I l-4 15-25 Catbrier-V. creeper-Ferns-F III 32 SS Buttonbush III 4-10 33 WM Smartweed-Dock-Beggertick-Cut- III grass 34 MLH Gr. ash-R. maple I 14-20 45-80 R. maple-Elm III 2-4 12-25 P. ivy-V. creeper-Nettles-F II 35 Q. aspen-W. ash-Staghorn sumac II l-2 8-15 YUH G-F 36 W. ash-Staghorn sumac-W. pine I l-2 6-12 YUH G-F III 37 Cottonwood I l-2 6-12 YLH F-G III 38 MUH W. Oak-R. maple-R. oak-Basswood II 8-22 40-60 Musclewood-Basswood
~
III 10-20 Prickly ash-W. cak-R. maple- II 6-10 Basswood F-W. oak-R. maple-Basswood II l-4
A-4 No . T','pe Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 39 PUH R. oak-P. birch III 4-8 30-50 R. oak-R. maple-Gr. ash III l-2 10-15 Bl. cherry-Viburnum-Gr. ash - II 2-4 Bracken-F II 40 MUH R. maple-Bl. walnut - I 13-34 30-50 Bl. walnut-Basswood I 6-12 G-F III 41 MLH R. maple-Aspen-Gr. ash III 5-20 40-70 Elm-Gr. ash-Grace-Gr. dogwood III 6-20 Gr. ash-Nettles-F-G-V. creeper II l-5 42 MLH R. maale-Gr. ash I 8-30 45-80 Elm-Ash-Ironwood - II 4-8 20-35 Prickly ash-Ironwoo_d - III l-3 5-15 V. creeper-P. ivy-S. maple-F-G II 43 MUH Ascen-R. maple-Gr. ash-Burr oak II 8-24 50-85 R. oak-R. maple-Ironwood-Prickly II 2-5 10-30 ash - Ferns-F-Witch hazel-G III 44 PLH Cottonwood-Gr. ash-Elm II 6-15 45-60 Gr. dogwood-Grape-Gr. ash II 4-12 Bramble-G-F 45 MUH Sw. w. oak-R. maple-Aspen-P. birch- II 10-35 40-60 W. pine __ Lronwood-G. dogwood-Gr. ash-Grape II 4 -2D P. ivy-Grape-Sw. w. cax-F-G-Ferns 46 PLH Pin oak-Aspen-R. maple II 6-15 30-55 R. maple-P. oak-Gr. dogwood- II l-2 8-15 Blueberry G- Burreed-F III
~
47 PUH Aspen-W. birch-R. maple II 4-8 30-55 Witch hazel-Blueberry-Oaks- II .5-1 6-12 Viburnum Blueberry-F-Bracken III
A-5 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 48 YUH Q. ascen-R. maple-P. birch II 3-6 30-40 Bl. Oak-R. maale-Sassafras II l-3 10-20 Bl. cherrv-Witch itazel-Blueberry III 3-4 Ferns-Wintergreen-Mosses II 49 YUH Q, aspen-R. oak II 2-6 25-35 Q. aspen-R. Oak I 4-6 Bracken II 50 PUH R. maple-Q. aspen-P. birch-Grey II 4-18 30-50 birch-Burr oak R. maple-P. birch-Grey birch II 2-4 20-30 R. maple-P. birch-Grey birch- II 5-12 Witch hazel Bracken fern-Wintergreen III 51 YUH Q. ascen-Ch. cherry-Bl. oak I 10-20 Blackberry II l-2 G-Mosses I 52 YUH R. maple-P. birch-Q. aspen III 2-5 20-30 R. maple-Witch hazel-Bl. cherry III 6-12 R. maple-P. birch-Q. aspen-II l-4 Goldenrod-Asters 53 YUC Jack pine III 3-6 20-30 54 PUH Q. aspen-Bl. oak-R. maple- II 4-12 30-50 Cottonwood R. maple-Q. aspen-Bl. oak- II 6-15 P. birch-Gr. ash Q. aspen-Bl. oak-R. maple- III 4-6 Swamo doowood F I 55 MUH Sw. w. oak-Burr oak-Pignut hickory II 6-25 60-90 Q. aspen-P. birch Ironwood-Elm-Gr. ash-Bl. cherry- III 4-20 Doawoods Ferns-Bramble-G II 56 PUH R. oak-W. oak-Pignut hickory II 6-18 50-70 Basswood-Witch hazel-Ironwood- III 5-20 Ch. cherry Prickly ash-Goldenrod-Grey dogwood II
A-6 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 57 MLH Gr. ash-Pignut hickory-Hackberry- I 6-25 50-75 R. maple Prickly ash-Greenbrier-Grape- III 5-25 Dutchman's pipe-Hackberry Dutchman's pipe-V. creeper-F II 58 MLH Gr. ash-Pignut hickory-Basswood- I 12-35 60-90 Cottonwood Hawthorn-Musclewood-Elm III 2-7 15-35 Gr. ash-F-Poison ivy-Asters II 59 MUH R. oak-W. Oak-Pignut hickory II 8-30 40-70 Basswood-Ch. cherry-Hawthorn-Grape II 2-4 F-Ch. cherry I 60 PLH Gr. ash-Basswood-Burr oak III 3-10 20-40 Grey dogwood-Prickly ash-Hawthorn- II 5-15 Burr oak-P. birch V. creeper-Nettles-Sedges-F-G III 61 YUH Bl. cherry-Hawthorn-O. aspen II 6-12 Bracken III 62 PUH R. maple-S. maple-Gr. ash III 8-18 50-70 Basswood II 2-5 20-40 Basswood II 3-6 F II 63 MUC R. pine II 8-15 50-80 Bracken-F I 64 YUC W. cedar-P. birch-W. spruce III 4-7 20-30 G-F-Elm-Niteshade-R. maple I 65 YUH O. aspen-P. birch-R. maple II 2-5 20-30 O. aspen-Ch. cherry-R. maple II 6-12 Bracken-O. aspen-R. maple III 2-4 Wintergreen-F 66 YUH P. birch-0. aspen-R. maple II 2-5 20-30 R. maple-Hawthorn I 12-20 G-Q. aspen-Bracken 67 YUR Hawthorn-Gr. ash I 4-6 G-Blackberry III 68 PUH Burr oak-R.. maple I 10-14 30-40 Burr oak-Gr. ash I l-2 G-Bracken III
A-7 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 69 PUH Q. aspen-R. maple-W. oak I 6-14 40-60 R. maple-O. aspen-Bl. Oak-Gr. ash II 12-20 R. o. dogwood-Elm-Grape II 3-6 F-G 70 MUH W. oak-Burr oak-R. maple II 14-32 60-80 Bl. oak-0. aspen-R. maple II 4-8 30-40 Q. aspen-Bl. oak-P. birch II 12-18 Bracken-F II 71 MUH Gr. ash-Shagbark hickory-Burr oak II 18-32 50-80 G III (open grove of trees in pasture) 72 YLH R. maple-Gr. ash-R. oak-Shagbark III 2-6 25-35 hickorv-Elm R. maple-Gr. ash III 6-15 Gr. ash-Shaqbark hickory II l-2 F 73 YUH Bl. cherry-W. ash-Bitternut hickory II 4-8 20-35 F-Elm-R. oak-G III 74 YUH Bl. cherry II 3-6 18-25 G-Bramble-F 75 R. pine III 3-6 20-25 76 PLH Gr. ash-Willow II 3-8 30-40 Apple-Hawthorn-Gr. ash II 12-20 F-G III 77 PUH W. oine-0. aspen-P. birch II 6-20 40-60 P. birch-W. ash-W. pine-Bl. cherry II 2-4 18-24 W. ash-W. oak II 3-6 78 PUH Burr oak-Q. aspen-R. maple II 6-14 50-70 Musclewood-R. maple II l-3 10-30 G-F II 79 YUH W. ash I 1-2 18-25 Stachorn sumac-W. ash-R. oak I 4-8 G I 80 YUH Elm-Gr. ash II l-2 15-20 Hawthorne-Apple III 10-15 e
A-8 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 81 YUC Jack pine III 4-6 25-30 R. Oak III l-2 10-20 R. Oak-Bl. cherry II 82 YUH R. Oak-Staghorn sumac II 6-12 Goldenrod-G , III 83 PLH _G_r . ash-Cottonwood II 9-24 30-50 Hawthorn-Gr. ash-Cottonwood- II 6-10 Bl. cherry-Elm G-F III 84 YUH Q. aspen-Bl. cherry
- II 2-4 12-24 Staghorn sumac-Bl. cherry-Willow II 4-6 G-Goldenrod II 85 PLH Q. aspen-Willow II 6-10 40-60 Q. aspen-Willow-Elm-Gr. ash II 10-15 Staghorn sumac-Elm-Grey dogwood II 4-6 F-G III 86 MUH W. oak-Burr oak-R. maple III 10-24 50-70 W. Oak-R. maple-R. oak II 4-6 30-40 Musclewood-W. ash II 10-15 W. ash-Musclewood II 2-3 F II 87 PUH O. aspen-P. birch-R. maple-W. oak III 6-8 40-50 Gr. ash-Elm II l-3 12-20 Gr. ash-Prickly ash-Elm II 6-10 F II 88 PLH Gr. ash-R. maple II 6-10 40-50 Gr. ash-Elm-Grape III 10-15 Grey dogwood-Staghorn sumac III 4-6 89 PUH Q. aspen-R. oak-W. ash III 6-14 40-50 R. Oak-Staghorn sumac-Shagbark III 6-12 hickory Bracken-Bl. cherry-Blackberry II l-3 G-F I 90 MUH W. oak-Bl. oak I 25-30 70-90 Basswood III 6-8 40-50 Basswood-Ironwood III 6-12 Basswood-F I 91 YLH Gr. ash I 2-4 18-24 Willow-Tag alder II 6-12 F-G III
A-9 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 92 YLH Gr. ash-Bl. cherry-R. maple- I 3-6 30-40 P. birch Tag alder-Gr. ash-Bl. cherry III 6-12 F II 93 YUH Bl. cherry-Q. aspen I 6-10 Blackberry-Staghorn sumac III l-3 G II 94 PUH Q. aspen-P. birch-Gr. ash .II 6-10 25-40 Q. aspen-Sassafras-Hawthorn-R. oak III 10-18 Sassafras-Staghorn sumac-Blackberry II 3-4 F 95 YUH Bl. cherrv-Hawthorn II 10-12 Bracken-Stachorn sumac II 2-3 G III 96 PUH Basswood-Gr. ash I 6-12 35-45 Hawthorn II 8-12 F-G 97 YLH Hawthorn-Elm-Basswood II 10-18 Goldenrod-G III 98 MUH W. ash-Burr oak II 14-22 40-60 Hawthorn-W. ash-Elm II 2-4 15-20 F-G 99 YUH W. ash-Elm-Apple II 4-6 25-35 Hawthorn-W. ash-Elm II 1-3 18-25 F-G III 100 YUH W. ash-Basswood II 4-6 30-40 Hawthorn-Grape III 6-10 F-G III 101 PUH Q. aspen III 6-8 30-40 Q. aspen-W. ash II 6-12 F-Bracken-G III 102 MUC W. pine III 7-14 40-50 lJ3 YUC Jack pine-W. pine-Hawthorn I 2-4 12-20 Bracken-Spirea-G III 104 YUH Staghorn sumac-Blackberry I l-3 G-F II
A-10 No. Type Species Composition Den. Dbh Ht. 105 PUH Q. aspen-R. maple-P. birth-W. oak II 6-10 30-40 Witch hazel-Hawthorn II 10-20 F-Blueberry III 106 YUH Q. aspen-Gr. ash-R. maple III 2-4 12-25 F-G III 107 PLH Cottonwood-Willow II 6-10 30-50 F-G III 108 YLH Elm-Hawthorn-Gr. ash II 3-6 18-30 G-F III 109 YUH Elm-Grape-Gr. ash-Hawthorn III l-3 10-20 F-G-Goldenrod 110 YLH Gr. ash III 4-10 Nettles-Asters-G-F ';I l-4 111 MLH Gr. ash-Hackberry-Hawthorn- ZiI 6-30 35-70 Bl. cherry-R. maple Cr. ash-Elm-Box elder I 4-10 Moneywort-Poison ivy-Currant- I Grape-Nettles-V. creeper
. .~
APPENDIX B O e
APPENDIX B: Aerial photos with vegetational communities delineated K,p,y_ ~~~~--- Approximate boundary. of right-of-way
~
' -' ' s- Approximate boundary of vegetational community Match line (for preceeding aerial photo)
Ag Agricultural land OF Old field cover type SOF Shrub old field cover type 14, 6, etc. Number of vegetational community (See Appendix A) Indicates communities in which mammal trapping and and bird counts were conducted Scale: 1 inch = 660 feet. 8
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