ML20128D925

Applicant Exhibit E-64,consisting of 840125 Limerick Generating Station Offsite Training Program Bus Driver Training

ML20128D925
Person / Time
Site:	Limerick
Issue date:	11/28/1984
From:	PECO ENERGY CO., (FORMERLY PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC
To:
References
OL-A-E-064, OL-A-E-64, NUDOCS 8507050218
Download: ML20128D925 (32)

Text

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b PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC COMPANY p LIMERICK GENERATING STATION v i-0FFSITE TRAINING PROGRAM s

BUS ORIVER TRAINING Instructor Note I. INTRODUCTION A. Limerick Generating Station Philadelphia Electric Company is constructin9-ttmerick Slide - Limerick Generating Station in Limerick, PA. Because Limerick Site is a nuclear power station, training is being con- 35R ducted in Montgomery, Chester, and Berks counties to teach emergency workers what actions they must take should an accident ever occur at the plant.

The purpose of the training is to teach emergency response personnel how to protect the residents of O their co==uesties-B. The Bus Driver's Role in Emergency Response /

In addition to firefighters, police, and numerous Slide other emergency volunteers, school bus drivers play \ 52T ,

an important role in the emergency response plan. N'

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If an evacuation of school children from the area were ever necessary, school buses would be the primary means of transporting the children to a safe area.

C. Susceptability of Children to Radiation -

You may wondered why so much attention is given Slide - Kids at to the protection of school children. School playground children are especially sensitive to the effects f of radiation. This is due to the fact that the 8507050218 841128 PDR ADOCK 05000352 1 01/25/84 G PDR

instructor Note

O human cells most sensitive to radiation are those that 'are either very primitive or those that are rapidly growing. .BecAuse of this increased i sensitivity, County officials have developed plans I to ensure-that school children will be given the highest priority should an evacuation be considered

-due to an accident at'the plant.

1 D. Objectives of Training

.In this . training program we will discuss some con- Slide - Topics for

cepts of radiation', emergency

plans, and.the response Discussion actions that you, as bus drivers, would have should 37F an emergency ever occur at the Limerick Generating j Station. More specifically, we will cover:

l 0 t- 1"ree traes or rea$etto" emo tae cnerecterist4cs of each one, including sources of radiation and t

l .how it is measured.

2. The four incident classifications and the bus  !

driver's responsibilities for each classification.

3. The protective actions that can be taken by

? the' general public.and emergency workers.

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4. -.The correct use of dosimeters and how to' fill -

i out the dosimeter report forms.

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II. NUCLEAR POWER

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A. Power Plant Operation

'O tae #ecieer-eiectric ve er aie#t aroe ces co ericei electric power using the conventional heat-to-steam sitee - "eet-to-Steam , process  ;

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Instructor Note (h

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method. The energy source, however, is the nuclear 320 fuel contained in the nuclear reactor. The reactor,

• Slide - Fission serving as the furnance, provides the heat through process the nuclear fission process, which is the splitting 32C of atoms.

The initial reactor core weighs about 100 tons. Slide - pellets The fuel contained in the core is slightly enriched 32E uranium dioxide which is in the form of small Slide - fuel rods cylindrical pellets. These pellets are placed in 32F thin metal tubes to form fuel rods. A number of Slide - fuel fuel rods bundled together make up the fuel assembly 32G assembly, a number of-fuel assemblies make up Note: Stress the reactor core. The core is contained in a differences massive 6 1/2 inch thick steel cylinder, known as between reactor the reactor vessel, through which cooling water and bomb.

Q flows.

The two most common types of commercial reactors used in the United States are the pressurized water reactor and the boiling water reactor.

The basic difference is the primary coolant system.

1. The Limerick Generating Station is a boiling Slide - BWR 32P water reactor. The boiling water reactor primary cooling system does not employ a heat exchanger. Instead, the water is permitted to boil in the reactor vessel. The steam generated in the reactor vessel is fed directly to the turbine-generator which converts the thermal energy of the steam to ultimately electrical energy.

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Instructor Note (3

(l 2. In both types of reactors, the cooling water Slide - cooling that flows through the cooling towers is isolated towers 3SS from the prinary systen water; therefore, it contains njl radioactivity other than the natural radioactivity present in all water.

B. Reactor Safety Features

1. Equipment and instrumentation continuously Slide - Control monitor and indicate plant conditions. The Room Simulator information from the equipment and instruments 35C is provided to the control room operators through visual and audible means and to the reactor's computer system electronically.

The computer system is designed to automatically

/ activate reactor safety systems at the first U) sign of an unsafe condition. Additionally, control room operators can manually manipulate safety systems in the event of computer failure.

If the plant has a problem, the first priority Slide - Control is to shut down the nuclear reaction. rods 32U Basically, this is accomplished by the raising of control rods into the core. The control rods absorb neutrons. Neutrons cause fission to occur. By absorbing all of the neutrons,

.the reaction is stopped. Control rods can be inserted into the core automatically by the reactor computer system or manually by the operators.

Once the reaction is stopped, it is still neces-(]} sary to keep the reactor core cool. Heat is still being generated by the highly radioactive 4 01/25/84

Instructor Note b

v fission products in the fuel. In addition to the primary means of heat removal (the turbine),

there are backup systems provided to remove heat from the core and provide cooling water in the event the primary system fails.

2. All reactor safety systems which provide pro-tection for the public have backups. An example of this design philosophy is the multibarrier concept used to contain the radioactive fuel. Slide - Multi-The fuel is contained in the fuel rods; the fuel barrier Concept rods are contained in the steel pressure vessel; 32R the vessel is surrounded by the steel and concrete primary cor.tainment; which is contained Slide - Limerick within a secondary containment. For the radio- Containment active fuel to reach the public all the barriers; Building 35B

] the rod, the vessel and both coqtainments must be breached.

, C. Previous Nuclear Reactor Safety Problems

1. The " defense in depth" philosophy is one reason the nuclear industry (when compared to other com.ercial industries), has a relatively safe history. However, safety systems can fail and accidents happen. This is why emergency planning is necessary.

2. The incident at Three Mile Island received a Slide - TMI great amount of media coverage. The Three Mile Media Coverage Island Unit 2, through a series of mechanical 32M failures and human misjudgments, experienced damage that resulted in a minor release of

{} radiation that amounted to less radiation than 5 01/25/84

. . _ . ~ - _ _. . .. . _ _ . ._ _ . _ _

i Instructor Note  ;

o =that of a person smoking.two packs of cigarettes in a lifetime.

[ The accident began when a blockage occurred in Slide - PWR 1 - a transfer line to a resin regeneration tank. schematic j ~ This blockage caused a loss of condesate flow (Presentation of

]. that lead to a trip of the main feedwater pump. this material e

j At that point the turbine also tripped. Auto- depends upon the matically, the emergency feedwater pump started; make-up of the however, since the line was blocked, it could audience. Explain not deliver the water to the steam generators, or point out on j$ schematic all 1

1 The loss of feedwater to the steam generators equipment men-1

! caused the primary coolant water to become tioned in j

. hotter, and therefore, increased the pressure narrative.)

j to such a degree that the pressurizer relief 328  ;

h valve opened.- High reactor. coolant pressure caused the control rods to trip. The control j

l room operators then realized that the emergency [

] feedwater block valves were. closed.and opened j i

the valves thus restoring the flow of coolant i l water to the steam generators.

The insertion of the control rods slowed down

} the rate of fission and reduced.the pressure.

At this point, the pressurizer relief valve j should.have closed but it remained open. As the coolant continued to discharge through the I pressurizer relief valve, the primary coolant  ;

} pressure decreased. in addition, the coolant I - was being discharged.into and filled the drain l tank in the bottom of the containment building.

A' rupture' disk burst in the drain tank and the O grimers cooieat fio eo to tne coateia eat

]! building sump.

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Instructor Note n

U Another error occurred when the operators cut back the high-pressure injection system that had begun pumping borated water. The operators were unaware that a loss of coolant accident was in progress and considered the use of the emergency core cooling system to be inappropriate.

The two reactor coolant pumps were turned off i due to severe vibrations that occurred because the pumps were then handling steam instead of pressurized water. A bubble formed in the core leaving uncovered fuel. While a portion of the core was uncovered, the zirconium cladding became very hot and melted. Simutaneously, conditions produced a large amount of hydrogen.

The operators finally isolated the open relief valve and began efforts to provide coolant to the core.

Primary coolant was inadvertently pumped from the containment sump to auxiliary building lower levels--severely contaminating the auxiliary building and allowing releases to atmosphere via auxiliary building ventilation.

If anyone is interested in discussing in more detail how and why the accident occurred, we will be glad to do so at the end of the training session.

3. Prior to this accident, many people were convinced that accidents such as this could l rot happen. However, since the accident at Three Mile Island, pubite officials, and the 7 01/25/84

I9structor Note

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nuclear industry as well, have realized the heightened need for protecting communities located near reactors.

4. During the last four years, many steps have Slide - Industry been taken to better protect the safety of the Safety Improve-nuclear reactors and community residents. ents 325

a. Development of emergency plans regarding the utility's and communities' responses to an accident,

b. Training programs for utility employees and community emergency response organizations.

c. Redundant safety systems on the reactor.

O d. Development of connunications systems to notify public of ficials and alert the general public of any possible accidents.

III. INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION

" Radiation" refers to any type of energy that radiates Slide - types of from its source. radiation 10.10 Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

Sunburn comes from ultraviolet radiation.

X-rays are a form of radiation.

Radiowaves and microwaves are also forms of radiation.

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. Instractar Note s

A. Background Radiation Radiation is usually associated with nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons. However, radiation is not a foreign substance, but in fact, radiation always surrounds us. This is called " background radiation."

1. Natural background radiation is radiation emitting Slice - Natural from natural occurring radioactive materials Bac< ground 101 normally present in the environment. These Cigarettes: Radon, include sources such as solar and cosmic radia- Thorium, Uranium, tion and radioactive elements from the earth's etc.

crust, the ground, building materials and the Human Body:

human body. Potassium Fiesta Ware Plates:

() 2. Average for people in Pennsylvania is 100 mr/ year.

Thorium, Uranium, Lantern Mantles:

Thorium

3. In addition, we are exposed to man-nade radiation Slide - Man-nade every time we have an X-ray, watch television or radiation 10J travel by jet, and from bomb fall-out, luminous Pass around Fiesta dial watches, etc. Ware plates and Coleman lantern mantles. Briefly discuss survey meter and pass around.

3. Ionizing Radiation In emergency planqing, we are concerned with three types of radiation that are generated.

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Instructor Note

. 1. Alpha ,

2 ., Beta

3. Gamna-Tnese radiations are capable of chemically altering material that they interact with, such as human

, cells.

Materials that emit these kinds of radiation are Slide - Radio-said to be " radioactive." active 10D 2

1. Alpha radiation consists of particles and is Slide - Alpha tne largest form of ionizing radiation, but even 10Q

, alpha particles are not visible to the naked eye.

Because of its large size, alphas do not travel

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far (only inches in air), and can be completely stopped by a sheet of paper. Alphas can not penetrate the skin, however, they can cause severe damage to a person if taken into the body through breathing or swallowing with food or water.

2. Beta radiation consists of particles which are Slide - Beta much smaller than alpha particles. They can 10R travel farther than alpha and could penetrate a sheet of paper but a few layers of cloth will stop Beta. Very high beta does cause damage to the skin similar to a burn. Beta radiation is also a concern if taken into the body through breathing or swallowing.

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Instructor Note s

%-] 3. Gamma radiation is very similar to X-rays except Slide - Gamma 105 that gammas come from a different part of the Slide - Radiation atom. Just like X-rays, gannas can penetrate penetrations the human body. Gamma radiation is capable of travels 3-4 cm

! damaging internal organs. travels 12f t/'4eV travels 2-8 Rm 10.1B C. Measuring Radiation Just as there are terms used for measuring distance (inches, miles, meters) or weight (ounces, pounds, grams) we have terms for measuring radiation.

1. Roentgen - amount of gamma radiation in air. Slide - Roentgen 10N

<~% 2. Rem - amount of radiation absorbed by hunan Slide - Rem O tissue; the ren is simply a way of expressing 10M radiation in terns of its impact on man. For our purposes, Roentgens and Rems are equal: Slide - 1 Roentgen =

1 Roentgen = 1 Rem. 1 Rem 10X T

3. One last term we will be using is the prefix Slide - Hilli milli, usually in the terns milliroentgens or 10L millirems. Milli is a prefix used in the metric system. One thousand milli equal one.

Therefore,1,000 milliroentgen equal one roentgen. 1,000 millirem equal 1 rem.

Measurenents given in milliroentgens or milli-rems usually involve low levels of radiation which could be released during an incident at

a nuclear power plant.

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Instructor Note D. Radiation Terms There are several terms associated with radiation

that you may encounter.

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1. Contanination is radioactive material where Slide - Rad.

[ it is not wanted. Contamination can be washed material vs.

off. (Exposure continues until contamination Radiation is removed.) 10.1C

( 2. Exposure occurs when an object or person is subjected to radiation. Exposure does not contaminate. Exposure stops when you leave the vacinity of the source.

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3. Dose is the amount of radiation that is Slide - Watch /

absorbed by your body. 00se is not neces- Calendar (whiskey sarily as high as exposure. The effects of exanple) 10.1E dose received by a person depend upon how j much was received over what period of time in what manner.

I IV. DOSIMETERS Slide - Comparison of radiation levels 10.1A I A. A dosimeter is a devise that measures exposure to Slide radiation. Dosimeters will only be issued to those 11H l bus drivers who are entering an area that is being l

1 evacuated. The issue of dosimetry does not mean I

that a release has occurred or will occur. They i may be issued as a precaution only, p" Dosimetry would be issued at a location called a transportation staging area. Those people being 12 01/2b/d4 I

Instructor Note

, f%

i k issued dosimetry would receive through dosimetry which they should wear on their outer clothing while inside the evacuating area.

All buses will enter risk area through transporta-i tion staging areas. Drivers will pick up dosimeters l at staging areas.

B. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) Slide - Pro's and Con's of TLD's IlM i

1. School bus drivers should clip the TLD to their Dem.onstrate use of outside clothing somewhere between the neck and TLD and pass TLD I

the waist. The window on the TLD should face around for outward. examination.

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2. TLD's are more accurate than self-reading dosi-meters; however, the readings can only be

, obtained through the use of special equipment.

TLD's measure dose of gamma and/or beta.

j 3. Each school bus driver should retain his/her individual TLD until the end of the emergency l when the TLD's should be turned in to the supervisor.

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l C. Self-reading dosimeters Silde - Pro's and Con's of self-

1. Self-reading dosimeters enable school bus drivers reading dosimeter to continually keep track of individual radio- 11K or N logical exposure. However, self-redding dosi- Distribute training noters are not as accurate as TLD's and only costmeters and record gamma radiation, enargers.

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Instructor Note

2. Each driver will De given two self-reading dosimeters to wear while inside the risk area, one will serve as a back-up for the other.

CD V-730 ceasares 0-20 R R = Roentgen CD V-742 measures 0-200 R 3 Since self-reading dosimeters do not have their own batteries, they must be charged or zerced before they can be used. CD V-750 dosimeter chargers will be made available to school bus drivers to charge their dosimeters at the transportation staging area. Dosimeters will be zerced by the County Radiological Officer when they are distributed. They may need to '

be rezerced before they are used, and after each mission.

4 Charging a dosimeter

a. Install a flashlight battery in the CD Slide - ho4 to V-750 dosimeter charger. charge the dost-neter 11G

b. Place dosima*ar charger on a flat surface such as a table. Demonstrate how to charge a dosimeter

c. Unscrew the cap of the charging receptacle. 1. Press lightly on poor lighting

.f. While pressing down on the dosimeter situations check to ma'<e sure that the vertical 2. Press firmly to ,

hairlina is an zero. zero O L 14 U1/2b/64

i Instructor Note O e. If it does not read zero, turn the control knob to the lef t or the right until it does read zero,

f. Af ter taking the dosimeter of f tne charger, read it again by holding it up to a source l of light. If the hairline has slipped, rezero the dosimeter.

D. Dosimeter /K! Report Form l 1. Fill in your nane, acdress, county that you This should be a are working in, and social security number. multiple copy Your emergency organization is the school form; picked up district by whom you are employed, with dosimeters.

Slide - Report Form (series of 5)

2. For each mission, fill in your destination, date Slides - 530 the serial nunber and initial reading of each 53Q dosimeter. While in the risk area, read the 535 l dosimeters each half hour. Do not exceed 25 R 53P cumulative total. If the readings from the two 53N dosimeters do not match, use the higher reading. 53R

3. Upon completion of mission, report to transpor- Individual school

tation staging area to receive next assignment. districts may if no further runs are to be made, you may be arrange shuttle requested to report to a decontamination station from host schools l to be monitored for contamination, and to return to cars in EPZ.

, dosimeters and Dostmetry/ Report Form. Encourage drivers to make arrange.

l ments with family or friends to have car and l

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Instructor Note belongings brought outside the risk area.

l V. EMERGENCY PLANNING Compared to other industries, the nuclear industry has experienced a relatively safe history. However, the accident at Three Mile Island proved that even witn all the back-up systems, equipment can fail. Shortly after the TMI accident, the federal government. prepared planning guidance for state and county emergency manage-ment agencies. Inis guidance set forth criteria that I

radiological response plans rnust meet in order to be approved by the federal government.

A. Emergency Planning Zones (EPZ's) i .

l The federal government determined that there are Slide - EPZ's two different zones around a nuclear power plant 14H l for which plans must be written to protect the

-i residents of those areas.

1. Plume Exposure Pathway EPZ A ten-mile radius around a nuclear power Slide - Limerick plant where the hazards from a release would PEP EPZ 54A be from:

a. Exposure fron a passing plume composed of radioactive r9aterials and gases, or

b. Breathing air containing radioactive particles or gases from a passing plume, 16 01/25/84

t O ,

2.

Ingestion Exposure Pathway EPZ clear plat ,

A fifty-mile radius surrounding a nu ould '

site where the main source of foodsexpo or <

from eating or drinking c d  ;

, water.

in this area to ensure that t l meats, crops or milk would be pras+2

>-~ % ,_ - - - - , - . _ . _ ,  ;

i i Public Alert / Notification System i

B.

GS,

1. If an accident were to occu emergency public information blic of act ;

would be initiated to inform the pu ident.

the nature and severity of the acc l

' Emergency pubite information Stat w dinated through news releases by '

in addition to facility and key resp organization spokespersons.

i 2.

The Nuclear Regulatory Comis a warning system be installed The sys' a F = :: : : y ~~- ~- . _J.~.

operating nuclear power plant. d

> . . fi "  ; provide the capability for alerti i ,

j ing information to residents of t

~

, gpg,

-- 7 ; . ,

0*Posure pathway 3.

The public alert / notification sys strens primarily for the alert an Broadcast Systen for notificat Monitors, mobile loudspeaker public.

other special provisions for ale the strens for public alert.

O

i l Instructor Note l

O 4.- The siren is designed to alert the population 200 sirens will be at risk to tune to their Emergency Broadcast installed by PEco System (E35) for inportant energency informa- They will be placed tion. The sounding of strens does not mean on top of 00-foot that the public should take shelter or evacuate. utility poles.

The sirens only indicate that people should The sirens will turn to the EBS for information or instructions. rotate and can each be heard for 5 Specifically, this system has been designated a distance of l

for the capability to provide both an alert about 4,000 feet, signal and an informational or instructional Installation will message to the population throughout the plume begin about Feb.1, i

exposure pathway EPZ, within 15 minutes. 1983, and should be completed by  !

July 1, 1984 l

Q 6. Pn11adelphia Electric Company, following discus-sions with County and State officials, will Cost of the s/ stem will be about 54 purchase sirens to be installed as the alert million, portion of the public alert / notification system.

7 The stren system would be activated from County Of fices. The siren system would produce a 3-5 minute steady tone and would be sounded to advise persons living, working or traveling in risk portions of the County to tune to the EBS stations for further information.

8. Should any of the sirens fall to sound, the system would indicate County officials.

Route alert teams would then be dispatched to provide public alert through the use of pub 11c address systems or bu11 horns.

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Instructor Note

9. County officials would activate the public alert / notification system.

10. After the activation of the alert / notification systen, the County, in coordination with the State, would provide continuing emergency public information through a County Public Information Officer to be located at the  !

County's Media Center.

11. If conditions change, the public alert /

notification system would again be activated for the purpose of disseminating such recom- i mendations to the public.

12. During the next several months. both l

] Pn11adelphia Electric Company and County officials will be conducting a public l

education program. The pubile alert /

notification system concept will be exten-sively discussed throughout the public ,

education program.

VI. PROTECTIVE ACTIONS Those actions taken to avoid or reduce projected expo- Slide - Protective sures to radiation. The selection of a particular Action 15.10 protective action by State and county officials depends Slide - Hass, ,

upon the conditions of the emergency. Protective Distance Time actions are based on flass, Distance, Time concepts. 16A  ;

A. For the general public Q 1. Sheltering Slide "Snettering" 15C l 19 01/2'a/d4 I

i l --

Innructor Note O a. When this action is raconinended, the public will be advised to seek shelter in a peraa-anent, reasonably airtight structure, such ,

as a house, commercial building or office building. The public will be instructed Slice - Closing to close doors and windows and to reduce window (buildings) outside air intake from heating or cooling IS.lF systems.

1

b. Persons traveling by motor vehicle in the Slice - Person in

risk area will be advised to close windows car 15.1G i and vents and to turn off heating or cooling 4 systems.

2. Selective Evacuation Slide - Selective  ;

Evacuation 15.1A

a. When selective evacuation is recomended, specific populations may be evacuated due to increased susceptibility,

b. Such populations may include pregnant wonen, Slide - High Risk pre-school children or the chronically ill. Individual 15.lE J

3 Evacuation Slide " General j Evacuation" 15.18

a. When an evacuation is recommended, all members of the pubic will be advised to slide - Traffic

! leave the risk area until it has been 15M i determined that all danger has passed.

j b. The Governor has the right to compel an evacuation of any risk area should such an evacuation become necessary.

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r I

! Instructor tiote l =

n V c. Evacuation concepts Slide - Evacuation I concepts 560 (1) Soontaneous Evacuation  !

The evacuation of members of the general public on their own and prior to the recommendation or order of public officials.

l Although an evacuation of the general i

! public surrounding Three Mile Island l

was never recommended by public officials, certain studies estimated >

that 48-52'. of the general public evacuated without being instructed to

j. do so by officials. Spontanr;ous evacua- I tion may substantially reduce the amount of people who would later nped to be  !

evacuated.

(2) Main Evacuation Routes Those roadways identified in advance as Slide - EPZ w/

the principal routes to evacuate people Main Evacuation from the risk area. Specific evacua- Routes 54B ,

tion routes would be announced at the time. Local conditions would determine actual evacuation routes to be used.

Bus drivers will use these routes to l get out of risk area and then will

( proceed to host school or reception l center. (Indicate routes appropriate l to area.)

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Instructor Note A

(3) Pick-Uo o oints Those predesignated locations at which members of the general public without automobiles or other treans of trans-portation will be provided with transportation out of the risk area.

If assigned pick-up point run, driver will receive a map from transportation '

staging area to Municipal E0C. Someone familiar with area will board bus and direct around area to pick up residents.

(4) Traffic Centrol Points l

Those locations on main evacuation Slide - Traffic l O routes that would be staffed by Control / Access local police or the State Police Control Points f in order to provide ease of access and 54C continued movenent of traffic.

(5) Access Control Points Those predesignated locations staffed by local police, the State Police, or j by the National Guard in order to '

prevent entry into the risk area during an accident. These points will be located on or immediately beycrd the boundary of the risk area. Check points will stop all people fram entering an area, except res Hents.

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._ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ - ._- .. - _ _ - - _ .

1 Instructor Note

' ~ 0 (6) Host Schools for Students

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Those places where school students and Slide - Host staff will be evacuated to and later Scncols/ Mass reunited with their families. Care / Reception Centers 565 l

(7) Reception Centers  !

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Those predesignated sites outside the Slide - Map 540 risk area at which evacuees will be j directed to shelters if they need a' L

j. place to stay. Pick-up runs will go

! through reception centers to mass care.

4 I i l (8) Mass care Centers .

1 Those facilities established outside

the risk area at the time of an acci-dent for the purpose of providing food, l lodging and medical care on a short- [

j term basis for persons evacuating

[

} the risk area. Evacuees and their vehicles will be monitored and decon-  ;

1

! taminated if necessary.

l i 1 (9) Central Resnurce Receiving Points  ;

1 A location outside the risk area suit- Slide - 66R  !

able for receiving and distributing Slide - 54F  !

i supplies and equipment. '

i (10) Transonet atinn stiging Area j A designated location from which trans-portation resources are coordinated 23 01/2b/84  ;

i  !

i

Instructor Note

O V and/or dispatched. These are located on each of S major access roads into the area:

Rt. 422, Rt.100 (Berks)

Rt. 100 (Chester)

Rt. 63, Rt. 309, Rt. 363/202 (Montgomery)

This is the point where bus drivers will report to receive detailed information and re-assignments.

(11) Decontamination Station A facility located just outside the risk area where emergency workers undergo any necessary decontamination monitoring or decontamination.

B. Specifically for emergency workers

1. Radioprotective Drugs Slide "Radiopro-tective drugs" Should a release from a nuclear power plant ISF be expected, officials would be concerned about the possibility of a radioactive form of iodine being in the release.

a. Iodine, such as in iodized salt, tends to locate in the thyroid gland. Radioprotec-tive drugs are substances which tend to fill up the thyroid with safe iodine thus reduc-(3 ing the amount of radioactive iodine that could be taken up by the thyroid gland.

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instructor Note Potasium iodide (chemical symbol KI) is a substance that may be used for this purpose.

The potassium iodice would be given in tablet form.

b. Radioprotective drugs may or may not be recommended for emergency workers, such as school bus drivers.

2. Limitation to Duration of Exposures Slide - Limitation to duration of The best way to prevent high dose is to limit exposure the time that you are exposed to radiation. 15G Limitation to duration of exposure involves actions such as rotating shifts and carefully watching radiation levels. Check dosimeters every half hour. Tne dosimeter report forns will be used to limit your exposure to radia-tion.

3. Respiratory Protection Slide - 150

a. Respiratory protection is an action which Down play for the is used by itself or in conjunction with general public other protective actions.

b. When respiratory protection is recommended, 40M emergency workers within the risk area will be advised to cover their noses and mouths with handkerchieves, cloth, or protective devices, and to limit air intake from heating or cooling systems if they are in an enclosed area.

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Instructor Note f)

V

4. Double Clothing Slide - Double Clothing

a. Double clothing is a protective action 16.lC which can be used by itself or in con-junction with other protective actions,

b. When recommended, workers will be advised Slide - 40N I to use personnel clothing, (rain gear, turnout gear, boots or galoshes with pant 1egs tucked in, winter coats with collars l

l turned up, gloves, etc.) to provide protec-tion by minimizing skin and street clothing /

uniform contamination.

l VII. INCIDENT CLASSIFICATION l Any incident that occurs at a nuclear power plant can be categorized into one of four emergency classifica-tions:

A. UNUSUAL EVENT Slide - Incident B. ALERT Classifications l C. SITE EMERGENCY 2K l 0. GENERAL EMERGENCY l

i

! The Unusual Event and Alert stages provide early and prompt notification of minor events which could lead to more serious consequences given operator error or equipment failure. The levels of classifications i provide time for emergency organizations to notify j members, assemble equipment, and prepare to activate.

By the time a more serious classification is reached,

! the emergency organizations are prepared to give a l

(n) full response.

26 01/25/84

Instructor Note

,Y A. Unusual Event Slide - Unusual Event 2C

1. A minor change has occurred in the normal Examples:

plant operating procedures. No release of Fire within plant radioactive material is expected, lasting more than 10 minutes.

2. Usually on such a scale that the on-site Security threat or emergency organization can handle the situa- attempted entrj.

tion (possibly with assistance from local fire or police department). Abnormal coolant temperature or pressure or fuel

^

• - temperature out-s

, side of technical

• ". $ specification m . 4 l ' limits.

( ')

'- . x,

't, t B. Alert is gClass Description \', '

Slide - Alert 2E

+

i.

1, . An abnopial plant condikfon exists and very Examples:

r smallamountsof'NNdiatfon may te . released. Primary coolant leak

+

, ra*e greater than 50

. s s

, i gpm. ,

?< % <

p ,

i s

Fuel damage accident

, g 4 .: ,

-C, ,- t '

with release of

, s s

. radioactivity to con-o i t 9 4-N ,

9 'tainment or fuel

s ,??  ; 'q, handling building.

p { }

Ng',,

y . 'i ~

f -

~ a

,N('s ry

. i i

• s

\'t, ,

f c .,

(:'i 4

' .e 2MI.  ?**

r 01/25/84 3

, seq ,

__2 .y  % - -

~

Instructor Note

/T V

• Severe natural phenomena (flood or hurricane winds near l

\

design levels)

C. Site Emergency Class Description slide - site Emergency 2G

1. Plant functions needed to protect the public may Examples:

t fail. Releases of radioactive material are

• LOCA greater than expected to be in very small amounts. makeup pump capacity.

• Loss of offsite powes and onsite AC power for more than 15

/^)

tg minutes.

• Effluent monitors detect levels corre-sponding to greater than 50 rR/hr for 1/;

hour or greater than 500 mR/hr Whole Body for 2 minutes at the site boundary for adverse meteorology.

D. General Emergency l

Class Description Slide - General Emergency 21 t

l l r ~.

L/

01/25/84 28 a

Instructor Note

^s (J Severe natural phenonena (flood or hurricane winds near design levels)

C. Site Emergency Class Description Slide - Site

! Emergency 2G

1. Plant functions needed to protect the public may Examples:

fail. Releases of radioactive material are LOCA greater than expected to be in very small amounts, makeup pump capacity.

Loss of offsite powei and onsite AC power for more than 15

-s

(_) minutes.

Effluent' monitors detect levels corre-sponding to greater than 50 mR/hr for 1/:

hour or greater than 500 mR/hr Whole Body for 2 minutes at the site boundary for adverse meteorology.

D. General Emergency Class Description Slide - General Emergency 21 p) u.

28 01/25/84

instructor Note iv/

1. A threat to the general public either currently Examples:

exists, or is likely to occur in the near Ef fluent monitors future. detect levels corre-sponding to I rem /hr Whole Body or S rem /

hr Thyroid at the site boundary under actual meteorologica conditions.

Loss of 2 of 3 fis-sion product barrier!

with a potential ics:

of 3rd (loss of pri-mary coolant boundar; clad failure and rx is_,) potential loss of containment).

Loss of physical control of plant facility.

VIII. RESPONSE A. Unusual Event Response Slide - 52N

1. State and local authorities are notified.

2. No action is required by bus drivers at this classification, f3 s-29 01/2S/84

instructor Note Q -

B. Alert Response

1. State and 'ocal authorities are notified and Slide - Alert key emergency management staff would report response 520 to and activate their Emergency Operations Center.

2. Bus drivers are notified and requested to be at a place where they can be reached by phone.

3. Assignments and maps are reviewed.

4 Transportation equipment is inventoried; unserviceable vehicles are reported to Superintendent.

/U')

5. Vehicles are fueled and given priority inaintenance.

C. Site Emergency Response Slide - Site response ,.

52P

1. All county and local Emergency Operations Centers are fully activated. All support organizations and facilities are placed on standby.

2. School bus drivers are officially placed on standby.

3. Priority repair for out-of-service vehicles.

4 School buses are prepared for possible

'O eveceetioc.

30 01/2b/84

Instructor Note d,,

5. Carry out actions for General Emergency if sheltering or evacuation is recommended.

D. General Emergency Response Slide - 52Q

l. Position school buses at assigned schools.

2. Confirm positioning of buses at assigned locations. Any unmet needs are reported to the Superintendent.

3. If sheltering is recommended: Slide - 52R

a. All drivers should close vehicle doors and windows.

b. All drivers will close ventilation systems on their vehicles.

c. Proceed to a designated location out-side of the EPZ if you currently are performing your normal work schedule and have students en board.

d. Notify the Transportation Of ficer of your status after completion of assignment.

4. If evacuation is recommended: Slide - 525

a. Drivers will assist assigned teachers in loading students.

31 01/2S/84

Instructor Note t

v

b. Drivers will proceed to pre-designated host schools where students can be picked up by their parents.

c. Drivers will report to the transportation staging area, upon completion of each run, to determine if re-assignments are necessa ry. If the driver is to be re-assigned, they will receive dosimeters and dosimeter report forms before reenter-ing the risk area.

d. Bus drivers will make as many runs as recessary to complete the evacuation of the risk area.

(} e. Additional drivers and buses will be assigned to each host school to move students to mass care centers if required.

5. If school is not in session:

a. The county will contact the contractor or school district superintendent, who will notify the drivers.

b. Drivers will receive assignment (for pick-up run) either with their notification or at bus garage.

Y IX. REVIEW AND OUESTIONS 32 01/25/84 n-