ML20099J500

Applicant Exhibit A-147,consisting of Undated Photocopies of Pages 85,200,498 & 499 of Effects of Ionizing Radiation

ML20099J500
Person / Time
Site:	Limerick
Issue date:	05/22/1984
From:	AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED
To:
References
OL-A-147, NUDOCS 8411290084
Download: ML20099J500 (6)

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.ADIATIOn B. GeneticEffects h [#k fj

,f increase TABLE IV-2 Genetic Effects of an Average Population Exposure of k

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Effect per Million Liveborn 6' i l c J

Current incidence.

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44 ge is most

• includes disorders and traits that cause serious handicap at some time during lifetime.

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Some estimates have been rounded off to eliminate impression of considerable precision.

um-flncludes only aberrations expressed as congenital malformations. resulting from un-p Ion-caused k(, balanced segregation products of translocations and from numerical aberration.

]g t is in close trlier study 4 8 Maj rity of Subcommittee feels that it is considerably closer to zero. but one member feels that it could be as much as 20.

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$q d X-linked recessive traits would be spread over a very large number of generations.

estimated The population survey in British Columbia reported that at least 9% of g; ll liveborn humans will be seriously handicapped at some time during j

nt for only g.a type is ex-autosomal n their lifetimes by genetic disorders of complex etiology, manifested as con-M oduced by f genital malformations, anomalies expressed later, or constitutional and S

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d matter, see hin Table IV-2, we refer to as " irregularly inherited" disorders. The muta-compared

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8omatic 498 Tus smCTs OF IONIZING RADIATION s,,,.,.

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spermatocyte is relatively radioresistant, in comparison with its progenitor ^

"##"## 88M cells. Single acute doses of SD0 rads or less cause significant cellular i

damage in the testis; these changes are dose dependent, with complete Populations recovery after doses of 600 rads or less, and with the time until recovery ;

proliferating sperd also dose-dependent, extending up to 5 yr.

below 400 rads (

the spermatogo '

Atomic-Bomb Survivors I*iIctous epit and proliferating Information on impairment of fertility in man is available from the study much greater tha at the testis could l of atomic-bomb survivors and from Marshallese and Japanese who were inadvertently exposed to fallout during atomic-bomb testing in the f Impairmen't of f Pacific.l5." 06 # 8# The data lack precision, but demonstrate the follow-j, ovary in the range ing: Relatively low doses can decrease production of sperm cells, but ef. 'Q but this depends,is fects on spermatogenesis are transient; the sterilizing dose in the male is that women appro$

probably much greater than about 400-500 rads, i.e., it probably exceeds I of fertility or q the mean lethal dose to the whole body. Fertility is impaired in the oocyte g sient infertility ass population only after moderately high doses-200-400 rads. Little is ];

associated, in part,I

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known regarding the delayed effects of radiation on fertility in these ex-g physiologic atresia posed populations, nor is there information on the extent of impairment, 7 if any, in the male and female populations exposed in utero and in the F ' i i

populations of exposed parents. sas.ie Followup studie; of the Japanese J CATARACTS atomic bomb survivors and the Marshallese women exposed to tellout g-

. j A causal involveme have failed to demonstrate any long-term effect on fecundity.6. 5. 4.12 h,k the germinative zon;,

Radiotherapy Patients and Victims of Nuclear-Reactor Accidents k

been proved. How g

strongly suggests thi Clinical data are available on male radiotherapy patients and men ex.4 affected cells into at s

posed during criticality accidents at nuclear-reactor installations.#.12 $

the appearance of I f'

Careful sperm-count studies after limited partial-body radiation exposure %

epithelial cells into' have indicated that, if sterility occurs, normal sperm counts can return in '1) cells in the posterior j

about 1 yr after doses of 100 rads and even in 3 yr after exposures in the

resulting in a loss of g

near-lethal range."12 Acute whole-body exposure has not been shown to ;,,

opacification depent cause permanent sterility in males.12 The sterilizing dose therefore ex.

zone. The sigmoid c.

I ceeds the lethal whole-body dose for acute radiation. Similarly, steriliza. i of partiallens shield g(

radiation cataractog tion of the human testis has never been shown to result from continuous The available data g

or fractionated (protracted) low-dose exposure.30.w.i44. 4a

)

In women, radiotherapy experience has suggested that acute doses of Q apparent threshold !

300-400 rads or slightly higher doses given in two or three fractions result %

rays and gamma ray in permanent sterility.2.is.45.53.ie If fractionation is protracted over a 2-wk T rads, whereas the thi T

period, much larger doses (possibly 1,000-2,000 rads) are required for '.f is around 1,000 rad:

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sterilization, depending on the age of the woman.2.is.45.ie The ovaries of y vivors of Hiroshima f

younger women are much less radiosensitive; permanent sterility is more p The subjective natur likely as the menopause is approached.

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cis or sonizzuc nronrrn Somatic Effects: Effects Other Than Cancer 499 WParison with its progenitorg Conclusions 7gnificant cellular %

p e er ode

nt, with complete.i Populations of mature spermatozoa in the human testis are maintained by eith the time until recovery X Proliferating spermatogonial stem cells. Provided that the dose remains Q

below 400 rads (low-trT radiation, acute exposure), radiation depletion of j

u 3A the spermatogonial-cell population is only temporary, and the seminiferous epithelium is repopulated and regenerates from surviving 4:

and proliferating spermatogonial cells in the damaged tissue. Exposure much greater than this (perhaps by an order of magnitude) directed only i is available from the study ?,i ese and Japanese who wereg'- 4 at the testis could probably result in permanent sterility.

omic bomb testing in the Impairment of fertility can result from absorbed doses to the human but demonstrate the follow.

ovary in the range of 300-400 rads (Iow-tzr radiation, acute exposure),

but this depends, in part, on age. Radiotherapeutic experience has shown

" tion of sperm cells, but ef.

that women approaching the menopause may have long term impairment trilizing dose in the male is l ds, i.e., it probably exceeds M -

of fertility or permanent sterility, whereas in younger women only tran-

.y iity is imptired in the oocyte M sient infertility associated with amenorrhea may result. This may be i

s - 200-400 rads. Little is ;

associated, in part, with oocyte populations, which decrease primarily by b

. ion on fertility in these ex ' '

P ysiologic atresia (and to a much lesser extent by ovulation) with age.

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, a the extent of impairment,

, >osed in utero and in the F

.up studies of the Japanese CATARACTS I

women exposed to fallout

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t on fecundity.6.is. 4a.i65 %

A causal involvement of radiation-induced damage of epithelial cells in M' ).

the germinative zone of the lens in radiation cataractogenesis has not yet

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f been proved. However, the available evidence from animal studies l ' N$

-Reactor Accidents strongly suggests this mechanism, on the basis of the differentiation of the j

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rapy patients and men ex affected cells into abnormal lens fibers and the time coincidence between

, g g q installations.90 865 g the appearance of lens opacification and the rate of migration of lens

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- a r-eP thelial cells into the posterior lens cortex. Accumulation of aberrant

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ia bdiation exposure" sperm counts can return in cells in the posterior cortex causes alteration in the lens cytoarchitecture, h

3 yr after exposures in the resulting in a loss of transparency. " There is no direct evidence that lens W

isure has not been shown to g.

0 Pacification depends on the killing of epithelial cells in the germinative erilizing dose therefore ex. Y zone. The sigmoid cataract dose-response curves and the protective effect of artial lens shielding provide evidence that other fac'c rs are involved in

( ^? y listioni. Similarly, steriliza-j P

2 *) result from continuous y radiation cataractogenesis in addition to cell-killing.

The available data suggest a sigmoid dose response re ationship with an

, 3a.go.i44. i4s y

hgested that acute doses of 7 apparent threshold for lens opacification. Threshold doses in man for x

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wo or three fractions result M rays and gamma rays delivert.d in a single exposure vary from 200 to 500 2n is protracted over a 2-wt ;-

rads, whereas the threshold for doses fractionated over periods of months 000 rads) are required for is around 1,000 rads.' Continuing observations of lens changes in sur-i san.2.isas.i65 The ovaries of P vivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been reported.n4s.saa2.s4.ioo.iei permanent sterility is more The subjective nature of the lens assay techniques used by the several in-vestigators involved in these studies, as well as the limited dose informa-g n

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