ML20015A353

Attachment - NRC-2020-000076 - Appeal Response to NRC-2019-000132. (Part 3 of 29)

ML20015A353
Person / Time
Issue date:	01/08/2020
From:	NRC/OCIO
To:
Shared Package
ML20015A350	List: ML20015A351 ML20015A353 ML20015A354 ML20015A355 ML20015A356 ML20015A357 ML20015A358 ML20015A359 ML20015A360 ML20015A361 ML20015A362 ML20015A363 ML20015A364 ML20015A365 ML20015A366 ML20015A367 ML20015A368 ML20015A369 ML20015A370 ML20015A371 ML20015A372 ML20015A373 ML20015A374 ML20015A375 ML20015A376 ML20015A377 ML20015A378 ML20015A379 ML20015A380
References
FOIA, NRC-2019-000132, NRC-2020-000076
Download: ML20015A353 (320)

Text

Reclamation Plan White Mesa Mill Blanding, Utah Source Material License No. SUA-1358 Docket No. 40-8681 Revision 1.0 February 1997 Prepared By:

Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

1515 Arapahoe Street, Suite 900

• 9703070039 970228 PDR AOOCK 04008681 8 PDR II I. Sf.RSll\lf\fWP'MRJUll:CL \M'4WI~ f"'lDIIAffJlECPLAN m Denver, CO 80202 (303) 623-8317

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• TABLE Of CONTENTS Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Me5..1 Mill Reclamation Plan Page No .

.;T OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii LIST OF ATTACHMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x1 LIST OF APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x1 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii INTRODUCTION . . . . . . ......................................... 1-1 1.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS

• I. I CLIMATE ............................................ 1-5 I. I. I 1.1.2 General Influences Prec1p1tat1on . . . .

1-5 1-6 1.1.3 Win~ ........ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . 1-6

l. l .4 Storm:, . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . 1-6 1.2 TOPOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1.3 ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1.3. I Archeological Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1.3.2 Current Status of Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1- 13 1.4 SURFACE WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 1.4.1 Surface Water Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 1.4.2 Surface Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

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1.5 GROUNDWATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-23 1.5.1 Site Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-26 1.5.2 Geologic Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 1.5.2.l Stratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 l .5.2.2 Local Geologic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 1.5.3 Hydrogeologic Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30 1.5.3. l Hydrostratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36 1.5.3.2 Data Collected in 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-47 1.5.4 Climatological Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-54 1.5.5 Perched Ground Water Characteristics ................... 1-54 1.5.5. I Perched Water Quality 1-60 1.6 GEOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-62 l.6. l Regional Geology . . . . . . o o O O O O O o O O O O O o I O o O O o O O o O O 0 1-63 1.6.1. l Physiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-63 1.6.1.2 Rock Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-64 1.6.1.3 Structure and Tectonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-73 l .6.2 Blanding Site Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-78 1.6.2. l Physiography and Topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-78 1.6.2.2 Rock Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-81 1.6.2.3 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-86

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1.6.2.4 Relationship of Earthquakes to Tectonic Structures 1-90 1.6.2.5 Potential Earthquake Hazards to Project . . . . . . . . 1-96 l .6.3 Seismic Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-98 1.6.J. l Static Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-99 l.6.3.2 Pseudostatic Analysis (Seismicity) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-99 1.7 BIOTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-100

l. 7.1 Terrestrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-100

l. 7.1.1 Flora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-100

• 1.8 I. 7.2 l .7. 1. 2 Fauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 O5 Aquatic B10ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-107 NATURAL RADIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-112 1.8.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-112 1.8.2 Current Monitoring Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-113 l .8. 2. 1 Environmental Radon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-113 l.8.2.2 Environmental Gamma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-114 1.8.2.3 Vegetation Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-114 1.8.2.4 Environmental Air Monitoring and Stack Sampling 1-114 1.8.2.5 Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-115

' 8.2.6 Surface Water ......................... 1-116 l.8.2. 7 Meteorological Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-116 2.0 EXISTING FACILITY 2.1 FACILITY CONSTRUCTION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

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2.1.l Mill and Tailings Management Facility ................... 2-1 2.2 FACILITY OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.2. l Operating Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.2.2 Mill Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2.2.3 Tailings Management Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.2.3.1 Tailings Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.2.3.2 Liquid Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.3 MONITORING PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

• 3.0 2.3. l 2.3.2 Operational Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Environmental Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 RELLAMATION PLAN 3.1 LOCATION AND PROPERTY DESCRIPTION .................. 3-1 3.2 FACII.ITIES TO BE RECLAIMED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3.2. l Summary of Facilities to be Reclaimed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3.2.2 Tailings 111d Evaporative Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.2.2. l Soil Cover Design . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . 3-6 3.2.2.2 Cell 1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . 3-8 3.2.2.3 Cell 2 ......... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . 3-9 3.2.2.4 Cell 3 ......... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . 3-9 3.2.2.5 Cell 4A . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . 3-9 3.2.3 Mill Decommissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

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3.2.3. l Mill Building and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.2.3.2 Mill Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.3 DESIGN CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.3.1 Regulatory Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.3.2 Radon Flux Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.3.2.1 Predictive Analysi.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.3.2.2 Empirical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 3.3.3 Infiltration Analysis . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 3-17 3.3.4 Freeze/Thaw Evaluation . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . 3-19

• 3.3.5 3.3.6 Soil Cover Erosion Protection Slope Stability Analysis . . . .

3.3.6.1 3.3.6.2

. 3-19

. 3-21 Static Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Pseudostatic Analysis (Seismicity) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 3.3. 7 Cover Material/Cover Material Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

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• LIST OF TABLES Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

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TABLE I.I-I T emre: .!ture Means and Extremes at Blanding, Utah . . . . . . . 1-8 (Table 2.1. I Dames & Moore -Final ES)

TABLE 1.1-2 Precipitation Means and Extremes at Blanding. Utah . . . . . . l -9 (Table 2.1-2 Dames & Moore -Final ES)

TABLE 1.3-1 Distribution of Recorded Sites According . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 to Temporal Position (Table 2.3-2 Dames & Moore -Final ES)

TABLE 1.4-1 Drainage Areas of Project Vicinity and Region . . . . . . . . . . 1-18 (Table 2.6-3 Dames & Moore -Final ES)

• TABLE l.5-1 TABLE 1.5.3. l-l Wells Located Within a 5-Mile Radius of the White Mesa Uranium Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35 (Table 1.1 Titan)

Properties of the Dakota/Burro Canyon Formations, White Mesa Uranium Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39 (Table 2.1 Titan)

TABLE 1.5.3.1-2 Summary of Hydraulic Properties, White Mesa Uranium Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40 (Table 2.2 Titan)

TABLE 1.5.3.2-1 Summary of Borehole Tests, 1994 Drilling Program.

White Mesa Project, San Juan County, Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52 TABLE 1.5.3.2-2 Results of Laboratory Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-53 TABLE 1.5.5-1 Monitoring Well and Ground Water Elevation Data, White Mesa Uranium Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-59 (Table 2.3 Titan)

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White Mesa Mill Reclamation Pian LIST OF TABLES (continued)

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TABLE 1.6-1 Generalized Stratigraphic Section of Subsurface Rocks Uased on Oil-Well Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-69 (Table 2.6-1 UMETCO)

TABLE 1.6-2 Generalized Stratigraphic Section of Exposed Rocks in the Project Vicinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70 (Table 2.6-2 UMETCO)

TABLE 1.6-3 Mcdified Mercalli Scale, 1956 Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-89 (Table 2.6-3 UMETCO)

TABLE l.7-1 Community Types and Expanse Within the Project Site Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-104

• TABLE 1.7-2 (Table 2. 7-1 UMETCO)

Ground Cover for Each Community Within the Project Site Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-104 TABLE 1.7-3 Birds Observed in the Vicinity of the White Mesa Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-107 (Table 2.7-3 UMETCO)

TABLE 1.7-4 Threatened and Endangered Aquatic Species Occurring in Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-111 (Table 2. 7-4 UMETCO)

TABLE 5.3-1 Placement and Compaction Criteria Reclamation Cover Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page A-21 TABLE 8-1 Required Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 8-14

• U 'l;Sf.RS\MFM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM%\ORAF1'TABLE LSliNovcmber 26, 1996

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White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan LIST OF FIGURES Page No.

FIGURE l-1 White Mesa Mill Regional Location Ma1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 FIGURE 1-2 White Mesa Mill Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 FIGURE I .4-1 Drainage Map of the Vicinity of the White Mesa Project . . . . . . 1- 17 (Adapted from Dames & Moore (1978b). Plate 2.6-5)

FIGURE 1.4-2 Strcamtlow Summary in the Blanding, Utah Vicinity . . . . . . . . . 1-20 (Adapted from Dames & Moore (1978b), Plate 2.6-6)

FIGURE 1.4-3 Preoperational Water Quality Sampling Stations in the White Mesa Project Vicinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21 (Adapted from Dames & Moore (1978b), Plate 2.6-10)

• FIGURE 1.5. l FIGURE 1.5-2 Colorado Plateau Geologic Map

( Titan Figure 1.1)

Generalized Stratigraphy of White Mesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29 1-27 (Titan Figure 1.2)

FIGURE 1.5-3 Ground Water Appropriation Applications Within a 5-Mile Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32 (Titan Figure 1.3)

FIGURE 1.5.3.1-1 Site Plan Map (Showing Cross Sections) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-45 (Titan Figure 2.1)

FIGl.:RE 1.5.3.1-2 Cro~s Section A-A* West to East Through White Mesa Westwater Creek to Corral Canyon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-48 (Titan Figure 2.2)

FIGURE 1.5.3.1-3 Cross Section B-8' North to South Through White Mesa North of Facility to Cottonwood Wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49

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• LIST OF '4'1GURES (continued)

Revision 1.0 Energ) Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Page No.

1* IGl 'RF 1.5.5-1 Perched Ground Water Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-56 (Titan Figure 2A)

Fl<,URE 1.5.5-2 Saturated Thickness of Perched Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 7 (Titan Figure 2.5)

FIGURI 1.5.5-3 Topography of Brushy Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t-58 (Titan Figurt* 2.6)

FIGURE 1.6-1 Tectonic Index Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-68 FIGURE 1.6-2 White Mesa Millsite-Geology of SurroW1ding Area . . . . . . . . . . 1- 79

• FIGURE 1.6-3 FIGURE 1.6-4 Fil.JURE 1.6-5 Seismicity 320km Around Blanding, Utah Seismicity 200km Around Blanding, Utah Seismicity of the Western United States, 1950 to 1979 . . . . . . . . 1-93 1-92 f1Gl. 1RE 1.6-6 Colorado Lineament ......................... . 1-97 FIGURE l. 7-1 Community Types on the White Mesa Project Site .......... 1-103 FIGURE 3.1-1 White Mesa Mill Regional Map Showing Land Position . . . . . . . . 3-3 FIGURE 3.2-1 White Mesa Mill General Layout Showing Access and Restricted Area Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 FIGURE 3.2.3-1 Site Map Showing Locations of Buildings and Tanks . . . . . . . . . 3-12 flGllRE A-2.2.4-1 Sedimentation Basin Detail ........................... A-4

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White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan LIST OF FIGURES (continued)

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Mill Site and Ore Pad Final Grading Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8 FIGURE A-3.3-1 Typical Scanning Path Scoping Survey .................. A-12 FIGURE A-lJ-2 Standard Sampling Pattern for Systematic Grid Survey of Soil . . A- 13 FIGURE A-5.1-1 Reclamation Cover Grading Plan for Cells 2 and 3 . . . . . . . . . . A-17 FIGURE A-5.1-2 Reclamation Cover and Cross Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 FIGURE A-5. l-3 Reclamation Cover Cross Section and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 FIGURE B-l Typical flow Chart for Construction Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-::."2

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White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan LIST Of ATTACHMENTS A Plans and Specifications for Reclamation of White Mesa Mill Facility.

Blanding Utah.

Quality Plan for Construction Activities, White Mesa Project, Blanding.

Utah.

C Cost Estimates for Reclamation of White Mesa Facility in Blanding, Utah.

LIST OF APPENDICES

• Appendix A Semi-Annual Effluent Report, White Mesa Mill, SUA-1358 Po£ket No.

40-8681 <July* December 1995) ind Semi-annual Effluent Re.port, White Mesa Mill SUA-1358 P<x;ket N9. 40°8687 Januao:

• Jwie 1996. Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

8 Hydroaeoloaic Evaluation of White Mesa Uraniwn MilJ. (July 1994).

Titan Environmental Corporation.

Points of Compliance. White Mea Uranium Mill, September I994. Titan Environmental Corporation.

[) TiiUnas Cover Desio, White Mesa Mill, October I 996. Titan Environmental Corporation.

E Neqps Badon Flux MeMwement Pro&nMD, White Mesa Mill. October 1995. Tellco Environmental Corporation.

• H llJSERS'.MfM\WP'.MRR\R£Cl.AMWM 96\fNLDRAF'f'.APPENDIX LSTlf'ebrua,y 28. 1907

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• REFERENCES Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Abt, s. R.. 1987. Enaineerio& aod Desien of Waste Disposal Systems, Mini-course No. 7:

Riprap Desi an for Rectamatioo.

Advam:ed Terra Testing, 1996. (Cited in 3.3.2. l). Final Environmental Study Agenbroad, L. D. et. al.. 1981. 1980 Excavations in White Mesa. San Juan ~ouoo, Utah.

(Cited in 1.3.2) Final Environmental Study Aitken and Berg. 1968. (Cited in 3.3.4). Final Environmental Study Aki. K.. t 979. Characterization of Barriers on an Earthgyak:e Fault. JoumaJ of Geophysical Research, v. 84, pp. 6140-6148. (Cited in 1.6.3.3), Final Envirorunental Report Algermissen, s. T. and P~rkins, D. M .. !'.'76. A Probabilistic EJtimate of Maximum Acceleration on Rock in the Contil)lOUs United States. U. S. Geological Survey Open-

• File Report, No.76-416. (Cited in 1.6.3.4) Final Environmental Report Anderson, L. W. and Miller, D. G., 1979. Ouarternao: Fault Map of Utah. FURGO, Inc.

Arabasz. W. J., Smith, R. B., and Richins, W. D., eds .. 1979. Earthgua,u StwJies in Utah 18SO to 1978. Special Publication of the University of Utah Seismograph Stations, Department of Geology and Geophysics.

Bonilla. M. G .. Mark, R. K .. and Lienkaemper, J. J., 1984. StatisJical BelaliQDS ~.JllQD&

racthgyak.e Ma1nitudc-.:~urface RYPD1re l&Q&th, and Surface Fault Dia,lacemcoJ.

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 74, No. 6, pp . 2379-2411.

Brill. K. G. and Nuttli. o. w., 1983. Seismicity of the Colorado Lineamew. Geology, v. 11, pp. 20-24. (Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final Envioronmental Report Case, J. E. and Joesting, H. R., 1972. Rc1ional Geo.pb,vsical Inve,tigations in the Central Platel\l. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 736. (Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final Environmental Report

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• Revision 1. 0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Casjens, L. A. et. al.. 1980. Archeolo&i\sal Excavations on White Mesa. San Juan County.

!lW). 1979; Volum.:s I through IV; June. 1980. (Cited in 1.3.2) Final Environmental Study Cater, F. w. . 1970. Geoloay of the Salt Anticline Re1ioo in Southwestern Colorado. u. s.

Geological Survey, Professional P.,,,f!r 6~ :1. (Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final Environmental Repon Chen and Associates. Inc .. 1978. Soil PrQPeny Sl\Miy. Earth Lined Tailinas Retention Cells.

White Mesa Uranium Proiect, Blandin&, UlaJJ. Final Environmental Repon Chen and Associates. Inc., 1979. Soil Propen,y Study. Prqposed Tailin&s Retention Cells. White Mesa Uranium Project. Blandina. UlaJ). Final Environmental Repon Chen and Associates, Inc., 1987. (Cited in 3.3.2.1, 3.3.6). Final Environmental Study Clow. Scott, 1997. l&tter to EFN includina data on two wells at the Ute Mountain Ute White Mesa Commynity. Ute Mountain Ute Tribal Environmental Programs Office Final

• Environmental Study Cook. K. L. and Smith, R. B.. 1967. Seismici&y in Utah. 18SO Throuah Jype 1965. Bull.

Seism. Soc. Am .. v. 57, pp. 689-718. (Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final Environmental Repon Coullt'*. H. W., Waldron. H. H .. and Devine. J. F .. 1973. St:ismic and Geoloaic Sitina Considerations for Nuclear Facililia. Proceedings, Fifth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Paper 302. (Cited in 1.6.3.4) Final Enivronmental Repon Craig. L. c .. et. al .. 1955. Strati111PhY of the Morrison aqd Belated Formations. Colora49 Plateau Region. a PrelimiQIO'. Report. U. s. Geological Survey Bulletin 1009-E. pp.

125-168. (Cited in 1.6.2.2) Final Environmental Rep 1rt Dames and Moore, 1978. Environmental Report. White Mesa Uranium Proiect. San Juan_

County illib. Prepared for Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc .* January. (Cited in 1.5. 1.3.3.1.

1.5.5, 1.7.1.1) Final Environmental Report Dames and Moore, 1978a. Site Selection ag;t Desian Study - TaUma Retention and Mill FaciliJies. White Mesa Uraniym Proiect. January 17, 1978. Final Environmental Study

• H 'LSERS\MFM\WPIMRR'RECLAMWM.9610RAYJ'\WHJTEMMSA.REF\fcbnwy 28. 199'7

Page xiv

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Dames and Moore. 1978b. Environmeoud Rc_pon, White Mesa Urwum ProjCkt, San Jun C2umy. l.l.lab. January 20, 1978, revised May 15. 1978. (Cited in Section 1.0, 1.4.1.

1.4.2. 1.6.3.4, 1.7.l.1, 1.7.1.2. 1.7.2. Attachmem A) Final Environmental Repon D*Appolonia Consulting Engineers. Inc . 1979. fn&iocer' s Ripon, JailiJJ&s Manaaement System. Whicc Mesa Uraruum.J>roiect, Blandin&, Utah. Final Environmental Study D*Appolonia Consulting Engineers. Inc .. 1981 . Letter Repon. Assessment of the Wmr Sup.ply System, White Mesa Proicct, Blandin&, U~. Prepared for Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc ..

February. (Cited in l. 5. 1.5.3.1)

D' Appolonia Consulting Engineers. Inc .. 1981a. En&i,ncer's Repon. S§ond Phase Desian -Cell l Tallinas ManaGmeot System, White Mesa Uranium Proiect. Blandin&, Utah.

o* Appolonia Consultmg Engineers. Inc .. 1981b. Letter Rcpgrt, Leak Detection System Evajuation. White Mesa Uranium Pmject. BJ1Qdin&, JJJ&b.

D' Appolonia Consulting Engineers, Inc .. 1982, Construction Rg)ort, Initial Phaae - Tailinas

• Mana1emcnt System, White Meu Uranium Proic;ct. BIJndin&, Ullb. Prepared for Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc .. February. (Cited in l.S, 1.5.3.1)

D' Appolonia Consulting Engineers, Inc., 1982a. ConstuctioQ Report, Initial Pbas - TailiDls Manaaement System, Wbitc Mesa Uraniym Proie,~t, PJmilio&, Utah.

D' Appolonia Consulting Engineers, Inc., 1982b. Monitorina Plm - Initial Pb1s - J0,Un1s Mana1egnt System - White Mesa uran;um Project, B1andiu,, Utah.

D* Appolonia Consulting Engineers. Inc.. 1982c. Letter lkP9n - Groundwater MonitoriQa Proaram - White Me11 Uranium PJ'Qiect. Blandin&, Utab.

D' Appolonia C.onsulting, Engineers, Inc .. 1~82d. Letter Re.port - Additional Analysis Jailius Cover Pesiao Revisions - White ,desa Uraniym Proiect, BJawJma, tJt&b.

D' Appolonia Consulting EngiJY:ers. Inc .* 1984, EnaiQeer's Re.Pon. O,otechni,aJ Site EyaJuation, Farley Prgicct, Q1rfiekl CounJY. Utah. Prepared for Atlas Minerals, Moab, Utah, June.

(Cited in 1. S)

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Page xv

• Eardly. A. J.. 1958.

Revision 1. 0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mall Reclamation Plan Physloar@hY of Southeastern Utlb, in lntermoyntain Association Petrol",m Geolq11jsp Guidebook. 9th Ar'lual Field Conference. Geology of the Paradox Basin. pp. 10-1.5. (Cited in 1.6. 1. 1) Final Environmental Report Energy Fuels Nudear. Inc .. 1983. Construction Report - Second Phase IatUnas Mana&ement System, Whi" Mesa Uranium Proiect.

Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. Semi-ilJlWlil ~ffluent Report, White Mey Mill. SUA-1358. I>Qcket No. 40-8§81. <July - December 1995} and <Jaouan throuab June 199§}. (Cited in 1.0.

1.5, 1.5.5.1. 3.3.2.2) Final Environmental Study Environmental Protection Agency, 1994. (Cited in 3.3.1. 3.3.3)

Feltis . .R. D , 1966. Wacer from Bedrock in the Colorado Plateav_of Utah. Utah State Engineer Tel:hnicaJ Pubhcation No. 15.

Grose. L. T .. 1972. Tectonics. in Geolo&ic Atlu of the Rocty Mountain Reaion. Rocky Mountain Association Geologists. Denver, Colorado. pp. 35-44. (Cited in 1.6.1.3)

• Final Environmental Report Hadsell. F. A .. 1968. HistoD' of Earthg,uakes in Colorado, in Hollister, J. S. and Weimer. R.

J. . eds. . Geophysical and GeQioaic11 Studies of the Relationships Between the l&nver Earthgyakes aod the RockY Moum.ain Arsenal WeU. Colorado School Mines Quarterly, v 63. No. 1. pp. 57-72. (Cited in 1.6.2.3, 1.6.3.3) Final Environmental Report Haynes, D.D., Vogel, J.O .. and Wyant, O.G., 1972, Geoloay. Strucg,ce and Uranium Oejx>sits QU..he Cortez Quadranale. Colorado agd UWJ. U.S. Geological Survey. Miscellaneous Investigation Series, Map, 1-629, May. (Cited in l.S.2, l.5.3. l, 1.6.2.2) Final ravirorunental Report Hermann. R. B., Dewey, J. W., and Parle. S. F., 1980. The Dulce, New Me3ico. EarthQ.uakc ot JaQU&tY 23. 1966. Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, No. 6, pp. 2171-2183. (Cited in 1.6) Final Environmental Report Hite, R. J .. 1975. An unusual NoQhwt-treodina EcKmre u>nc aod i&s Relation to BasemeDl Wrench FauJtiq io Nonbem Paradox Basin. Ufllt 1Qd Cotgrado. Four Corners Geological Society 8th Field Conference Guidebook, Durango, Colorado, pp. 217-223.

(Cited in 1.6.3. 3) Final Environmental Report

• H ,vsERSMFMIWP\MRR\RECl.AMWM 961DRArnWHITEMMSA.REf',Febnwy 28, 1997

Page xvi

• fluff. L. D .. and u:sure. F. G .. 1965.

Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan G~oloay and Uranium Deposits of Montezuma Canyon Area. San Juan Count)'. Utah. U. S. Geological Survey BulJetin 1190. 102 p. (Cited in 1.6.2.2) Final Envirorunental Repon Hum. c. B.. 1956. Ctnoioic Geoloav of tbs: Colorado Plateau. u. s. G. s. Professional Paper, 279.

Hydro-Engineering. 1991, Ground Water Hydroloay at the White Mesa Tailinas Facility.

Prepared for Umetco Minerals Corporation. Blanding. Utah, July.

Johnson, H. S .. Jr .. and Thordarson. W .* 1966. Uranium Deposits of the Moat,, Monticello.

Wbite Canyon. apd Monument Valley Distr~ts. Utah and Arizona. u. s. Geological Survey Bulletin 1222-H. 53 p. (Cited in 1.6.1.3, 1.6.2.2) Final Environmental Repon Keend. w. E. . t 969. Quatemar.y Geoloay of the Gt1nd and Battlement Mesa Area, Colorado.

lJ. S. G. S. Professional Paper, 617.

Kelley. v. c .. 1955. Reaional Tectonics of the Colorado Plateau and Relatiomrup to the Oriain

• ano Distribution of Uranium. New Mexico University PubHcation Geology No. 5, 120

p. ,Ciled in 1.6.1.3) Final Environmental Report Kelley, V. C., 1956. (Cited tn 1.6.1.3) Final Envirorunental Repon Kelley, v.c., 1958, Tectonics of the Re&iJn of lhe Paradox Basin. In IrunnountJin Association fetroleum Oeoloiists Guidebook. 9th Annual Field Conference, Geology of the Par:ldox Basin. p. 31-38. Final Envirorunental Report Kirkham, R. M. and Rogers. W. P .* 1981. Earthgyake Potential in Colorado. A Preliminary l:.valuation. Colorado Geological Survey, Bulletin 43. (Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final Environm,:ntal Repon Krinitzsky. E. L. and Chang, F. K .* 1975. St,te-of-the-Art for Assessin& EarthQuake Hazards in me United SUttes. fr.anbQuau Intensity and me ~ection of Ground Motions for Seismic Desip. Miscellaneous Paper S-73-1, Report 4, September 1975, U. S. Anny Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, CE, Vicksburg, Mississippi. Final Environmental Study

• H 'l'SERS\MFM\WP\MRRIRECLAMWM.96\DRAfT\WHITEMMSA.REFlfebrua,y 28. 1997

Page Jtvii

• Revision l .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Lars1 m. E. E.. et. al. . 197s. Latc Cenozoic Basin Yolcanism in Nonhwestem Colorwo and its Implicawms Concemina Tectoojcs and the Colorado River System in Cenozoic Histoa

~_QWJ'gcn Rcx:ky Mountains. ueological Society of America, Memoir 144.

Lawrence Livennore National Laboratory, 1994. Seismic Huard Analysis of Title II Redaffiitjon Plans. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Final Environmental Report Lindsay. L M. w .. 1978. Archeolo1,ica1 Test Exr,avation.s on White Mesa. San Juan Cmimy, Southeastern UljJJ. (Cited in 1.3.2) Final Environmental Study MITRE Software Corporation, GSLOPE Com.pyter Sottware P~. Final Environmental Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1977. Probable Maximum Precii,itation Estimates, Colorado River and Great Basin Drainaaes.

Hydrometerological Report (HMR) No. 49.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1988. Computer Printout of EartJwv1ke File Record for 320 km Radius of Blandin&, Utah. u. s. Department of Commerce, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder. Colorado. (Cited in 1.6.3.4, 1.7) Final Environmental Report Nielson. A. s.. 1979. AdditiQUII Archeolo1u:al Test Excavations and Invemoo: on White Mesa.

San Juan C2umy, Southeastern llJl.b. (Cited in 1.3.2) Final Environmental Study NUREG/CR-1081. March 1980. Characterization of Uranium IaiUnas Cover Materials for Iw120 Flux Reduction.

NUREG/CR-2642, June 1982. Lona-term survivability of Riprap for Annorifll Uranium Mill Jailines ilQd Coveu: A Literature Review.

NUREG/CR-2684. August 1982. B,ock R,mrap Qcsiao Methogs and Jbeir Ap>>licabiiity to Loog-tenn Protection of Uranium Mill Tailin&s Impoundments.

NUREGICR-3027. March 1983. Ov;rllQd Erosion of Uranium Mill Tailinas J.nu>ouJl1roents Ph.Ysicat Processes and Computatiooal Methods.

NUREG/CR-3061, November 1983. Syrviv&bililY of Ancient Man-made Mouod1: Implications f2r Uranium Mill I1ilio&1 ImgouD4mcm .

• H \I .,ERS\MFM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM.9610RAF1iWHITEMMSA.REF\Febnwy 28. 1997

Page xviii

• NUREG/CR-3199, October 1983.

Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Guidance for Disposal of Uranium Mill Tailinas: Lona-term Stabilization of EarthenJ:~~aterials.

NUREG/CR-3397. October 1983. 4c:ta.1.L~ isiderations for Lon1-temi Stabilization of Uranium Mm Iaiiinas Impouodm1rnts.

NUREG/CR-3533, February 1984. Radon Attenuation Handbook for Uranium Mill Tailin&s Cover Desian.

NUREG/CR-3674, March 1984. De1huiiui Ve1etati2n Covers for Lona-tenn Stabilization of Uranium Mill Tailinas.

NUREGICR-3747. May 1985. The Selection apd Tustin& of Rock for Annorma Uranium Iailinas lffiPO\lndmenJS.

NUREG/CR-3972. December 1984. Settlement of Uranium Mill Tailinas Piles.

NUREG/CR-4075, May 1985. Desianin& Protective Covers for Uranium Mill J4ilinas Piles:

• A Review .

NUREGICR-4087. February. 1985. Measurements of Uranium ChaQcteristiQ.

Mill Tailinas Consolidation NUREGICR-4323. January 1986. The Protection of Uranium Tailinas I.mpoundments aaainst Overland Erosion.

NURLG/CR-4403, November 1985. Summazy of the Waste Mana,enu;nt Programs at Uranium F&covery Facilities as They Relate to the 40 CFR Part 192 Sqrytacds.

NUREGICR-4480, September 1986. Erosion Protection of Uranium Tailigs Impoundmem.

NUREGICR-4504, March I 986. Lona-tenn Surveilla~~ and MonitQfm& of ~ommissiooed lJranium Processin& Sites and Tailinas Piles.

NUREG/CR-4S20, April 1986. Predictive Geocb4cmb,al Madelin& of Cogtaminyt Conceouation., in LaborJtoCY Colwnns and in Phuncs Mi1ratin~ from Uranium Mill Tailin1s Waste lm.gouQdments.

• H. ,t'SERS\MFM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM.96\DRArnWHITEMMSA.REF\February 28. 1997

Page xix

• Rev is ion l .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mm Reclamation Plan NlJREGICR-4620. June, !986. MelllQlloloaies for ~valuatg Lona-Term Stabilizatwu Desi1ns 2{ Urauiym Mill Tailinas Iumouodments. J. D. Nelson. s. R. Abt.. et. al. <*iced in

3. 3. I. 3.5 S. Attachment A)

NlJREGtCR-46, 1. May 1987. U!ivelopment 2f Riprap Pesian Criteria by Bmrap ustina in Flumci: Phase I. <Cited in 3.3. l, 3.3.5, Attachment A)

Nuuli, o. w.. 1979. State-of-the-An for Assessig Eaotw,eakc Hazards in the United States.

ew 16: The Relation of Sustained Maximum Ground Acceleration and Velocity ,Q grthgual,; IntemitY and Ma1QitwJe. with Errata Sheet of January 11, 1982; u. s. Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, P. 0. No. DACW39-78-C-0072, 67 p. with Two Appendices and 2 p. Errata. Final Envirorunental Report Roger and Associates Engineering Company. 1988. Radioloaical Pn,perties. Letters to C. 0.

Sealy from R. Y. Bowser dated March 4 and May 9, 1988. (Cited in 3.3.2.1) Final Environmenral Study Rogers and Associates. 1996. (Cited in 3. 3.2.1) Final Environmental Study

• Schroeder, P. R., J. M. Morgan, T. M. Walski. and A. C. Gibson, 1989, Iccbgical Resource Pocumem, The Hydrolo&ic Evaluation of J,apdflll Perfonpanq <UJ;J ,Fl Model. Version II. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final Environmental Study Seed. H. B. And Idriss, I. M.

• 1982. Qround Motions and Soils LiQ.Vefaction Purina E3rthguakes. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Berkeley. California. Final Environmental Study.

Shoemaker. E. M., 1954. Sl{Uetural Feawres of Southeastern Utah ud Adiacent Parts of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. Utah Geological Society Guidebook to the Geology of Utah, No. 9, pp. 48-69. (Cited in 1.6.1.3) Final Environmental Report Shoemaker, E.M .* 1956, Structural Features of the <'olo@do flateau UM,1 Their Relation to Uranium D;posil§. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 300, p. 1SS-

• 68. (Cited in 1.6.1.3) Final Environmental Report Simon, R. 8., 1972. SeisQlKity. in Mallory, W. W., and Others, eds. Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, pp. 48-Sl. Final Envirorunental Report

• H*1IJSERS'.MFM\ WPIMR.RIRECLAMWM. 96\0RAF1i WHITEMMSA .REF\Febnwy 28. 1997

Page xx

• Slemmons. D. B. 1977.

Revision 1.0 E1~:rgy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Me~a Mill Reclamation Plan S,wt:of-\be-Art for "5sessin& EanhQ.uau Hazanis in , United States. Part §, Faults and E.arthquake Maanitude. with an Almcndix on Geomoa,hic Feawres of Act;ve Fault Zonps. U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.

Vicksburg. Contract No. DACW39-76-C-0009, 129 p. plus 37 p. Appendix. Final Environmental Study Smith. R. B.. 1978. Scismicity. Coolll Stmcture. and Inuaplate TesctQnics of the Western Cordillera in Cenozoic T~tQoic1 and Beaional Geopbys1's Qf the Westc;m Cordillera.

Smith. R. 8. and Eaton. G. P .. eds, Memoir 152. Geological Society of America. pp.

111-144. (Cit *d in 1. 6 3.3) Final Environmental Rep<'rt Smith. s .. 1981. Lona-Tenn St1~ili1y a1 Union Carbide's Tailiqs Piles in Uravan, Colorado.

Final Environmental Study Stephenson. D.

• 1979. Rock.fill in Hydraulic tiu&ineerm&, DevelQpments in Qeotechnical En&ig;erina. 27. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, pp. 50-60. See NUREG 4620. Final Envirorunental Study

• Stokes, Stokes.

w. L .. 1954. ,Sqali1mpby of the Southeastern Ugh Uranium Reaion. Utah Geological Sodety Guidebook to the Geology of Utah. No. 9, pp. 16-47. Final Environmental Repon

w. L.. 1967. A Survey of SooJbcastem Utah Uranium Distri~g. Utah Geological Society Guidebook to the Geology of Utah, No. 21. pp. 1~11. (Cited in 1.6.2.2)

Final Environmental Repon Tellco Environmental, 1995. NeiblPfi Radon flux Measurement Proaram. Wbite Mesa Mill.

(h:tober 1995. (Cited in Introduction)

I hompson. K. C. . 1967. Structural Fanu:es of Southeastern Utah and Deir Relations to Uranium Ve~. Utah Geological Society Guidebook to the Geology of Utah, No. 21.

pp. 23-31. (Cited in 1.6.1.3) Final Environmental Repon Titan Environmental Corporation. 1994. (Cited in 1.0)

Titan Environmental Corporation, 1994a. Hnko1eolo1ic EvalJWion of White Mesa Uranium Mill. July 1924. (Cited in Introduction, 1.5) Final Environmental Study

• If *lJSERS 1.MfM1WP'MRR\RECLAMWM.%IORAFT\WHITEMMSA REf\Fcbnwy 28. 199'7

Page xx1

• Revision 1.0 Elk:rgy Fuels Nudear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Titan Envmmmental Corporation, 1994b. l\!im, 21' Cuumli1oce. Whiw Mia Uranium Mill, SeQtember 1994 (Cited in Introduction. l. S) Final Environmental Srudy Titan Environmental Corporation. 1996 L1Uin,s Cgver l)csi1n, Whik Mea Mill. October

~ . (Cited in Introduction. 1.6. ', Final Environmental Repon Trifunac. M. D and Brady. A. G. On lbc Comlalion Qf Seismic lu,Mnsi1y ScaJes wil,b WC fcus of Recor'.11'1 Stroll& Groµug Motigp. Seismological Society of America Bulletin.

V 6S. Ft!b. t97S. pp. 139-162. (Cited in l.6.3.4) Final Environmental Repon lJmetco. 1987. Umetl1, Minerals Corporation SUA-1358: Docket No. 40-8681, License Condition 48. White Mesa Mill. Utah, Letter From R K. Jones to U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission dated November 30, 1987.

tJmetco Minerals Corporation. 1992. Orougg Water Study. White Mesa Mi:1. Blm,tin1, Utah.

Lkense SUA 1358, Docket No. 40-8681. (Cited in l.S.3.1. l.S.5)

United States Geological Survey, 1970. (Cited in l .6)

• U.S. Depart:nent of Energy, 1988. (Cited in 3.3.1, 3.3.4)

u. s. Department of Energy. 1993, wirQDUllntal Asse:;smen1 of Remedial As;tiQn at the Slick Ros;k Uranium Mill Jailgs Sites. Slick, Rock. ColocadQ. UMTRA Project Office.

Albuquerque. New Mexico. February. (Cited in 1.S.3) t:. S. Geological Survey. (Cited in 1.5)

U. S. Geological Survey, 1970. (Cited in 1.6.2.3) Final Environmental Repon U. S. Nu~lear Regulatory Commission, 1977. Re&.VlatQQ'. Guisle 3.11 .. Pcsi&JJ, ConstructiWk,.

and lmm;ti20 of Embankment Retemioo S)'llfms f2c Uraoiwn Mills. Revision 2. 1977.

u. S. Nuclear Regulatory Lommission. Rcalatp,0 Guide 3.64, Iw WM 503;:4. Cal~ylatign of Bidon Flux AttenuatiQn bY fcanben UmJlivm Mill Jailiua Covers. <cited in 3. 3. 2. 1)

u. s. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1979. final Environmental StatcmeQI - White Mesa Uranium Project, NUBEG-Q556. (Cited in Section 1.0. 1.3.1. 1.4. 1.4.2)

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi~sion, 1980. (Cited in 3.3.1)

• H ,lJSf.ltS\MfM\WPIMRJllRECLAMWM KtlOllAf'l'\WHJTEMMSA REF\fcbruary 28. 1997

Page xxii

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan u s. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. l 984. OuifJcUPCI for Dccontamina1ioo of Facilities 1od EQuwmcm Pri21: 12 Bslcw w, Unresuis:wt Us 2c Iermi111iiQn Qf Licenses tor Byproduct or Sourc; Materials. <Cited in Introduction>

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, l 98S. SIIDd1c4 Revisw Pig foe UMTRA Title I Mill Ililinas - lkm.c<JiaJ Action Plans, Division 2l \Yutc Manaamnoc.

U S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987a. URFO:TIO, Docket No. 40-8681.0400868174<',.,. Letter to Umetco Minerals Corporation (J. S. Hamrick) from F.

F Hawkins dated January 26. 1987.

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987b. 10 CFR 40, Appendix A.

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987c. URFO:GR.K, Docket No. 40-8681. Letter to Umetco Minerals Corporation from E. F. Hawkins dated October 21. 1987.

lJ. S. Nuclear Regulator* Commission, 1988. Docket No. 40-8681 SUA-13S8, Amendment No. 10. Letter to Umetco Minerals Corporation dated January 8, 1988, from R. Dale Smith .

lJ. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989. (Clled in 3.3. l. 3.3.2)

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1990. (Cited in 3.3.S, Attachment A)

University of Utah Seismograph Stations. 1988. Cogutcr List of f,abQl,ek;,s :<<ill)in 329 IQn of BIIDdin&, Utah. Department of Geolo3y and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

von Hake. C. A .. 1977. EarthQuuc UiaU>tY of Utah. Earthquake lnfonnation Bulletin 9, pp.

48-51. (Cited in 1.6.2.3) Final Environmental Rt;'Ou Warner. L. A. , 1978. The Colorado LUlCIIIIIJM. A MuWll PgcfUDbriaQ Wr11Mcb Fayll Sxstcm.

Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, pp. 161-171. (Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final Envaronmcntal Report Williams, P. L.. 1964. GeQIQ&Y, l~DKe, aod UeuiYm Duo,its 9f the M91b QyadranalL Colorag9 11>> Ul,ib. U. S. Geoloaic Survey Map. 1-360.

Page xxiii

• Revision 1.0 Energy fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Witkinu. i. J.. 1964. Qeol91y 9f tbc Abajo MO\llliu>> A&:11. San JYlll County. Vtab- U. S.

Geological Survey, Professional Paper 4,3. (Cited in 1.6.1.3, 1.6.2. 1.6.2.2) Final EnviroM1enal Repon Woodward-Clyde Consultants. 1982. Qeol9&ic Cbiracterizatioo 8&.P2t1 of the fKlfW& Ilasin Stud){ Bc&ion * ..Uwi SlliMb Amu. ONWl-290, v. I, Prepared for Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation, Battelle Memorial Institute.

Wong. I. G .. 1981. Se&amolOJi§;.al Evaluation of the ColoodQ Lineament in Lile lo&eUJlOWUio R11&00 taba.>. Earthquake Notes, v. 53. pp. 33-34. (Cited in l.6.l3) Final Envirorunental Report Wong. I. o .. 1984. s,,.,micitt.Qflbe Puox Basio&ml die Colorl49 P~.~~rior. ONWl-fil. Prepared for the Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation, Battelle Memorial Institute.

(Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final fn* ;"onmental Report Zoback. M. D. and Zoback. M. L., 1980. SMllC of Stress in the Con&cnninoua Un.iWI Sta&fl.

Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 8.5, pp. 6113-6156. (Cited in 1.6.3.3) Final Environmental Repon

• H.,.IJSERS\MFMIWP\MRR1RECl.AMWM.9610R.AFf\WHITEMMSA.R.Ef\Fcbruary .28, IW'I

Pa~~ l-1

• Reviswn I 1)

En'-,~} fuels ~uclear. Inc.

White \.tesa Mill Reclamation Plan INTRODl'CTI0:'4 nus document prepared by tnerwy Fuels ;'Ju .. lear, Inc. (EfN), presents EFN's plans and

~stimated cnsts for 1. ,: reclamation of Cells 1-l. 2. 3. and 4. and for decommissioning of the White \fesa \.fill.

rhe uranium processinij sedwns of the mill will be decommissioned as follows:

The uranium and vanadium processing areas of the mill, including all equipment. structures and

.,uppon facilities will be decommissioned and disposed of in tailings or buried on site as appropriate. All equipment. including tankqe and piping; agitation; process control instrumentation and switchgears; and contaminated structures; will be cut up, removed. and buried in taiHnas prior to final cover placement. Concrete structures and foundations will be demolished and removed or covered with soil as appropriate. These decommissioned areas would include,

• but not be limiteJ to. the following:

• Coarse ore bin and associated equipment, conveyors and structures .

• Grind drcuit indudir~g semi-autogenous grind (SAG) mill, screens. pumps and cyclones .

• rhree pre-leach tanks to the east of the mill building, including all associated tankage, agitation eyuipment. pumps, and piping.

• Seven leach tan.ks inside the main mill building, including all associated agitation equipment, pumps and pipina.

• Counter-current decantation (CCD) circuit includina aJl thickeners and equipment, pumps and pipina.

• Cranium precipitation circuit, includina aU thickeners, pwnps and piping .

• fwo yellowcake dryers and aJI mechanical and electrical suppon equipment, including uranium packaaing equipment.

Clariflers to the wesc of the mill building including the preleach thickener and claricone.

• Boiler and all ancillary equipment and buildinas.

• Entire vanadium precipitation, drying, and fusion circuit.

• H 1 L'SER.S\MFM\WP'MRR RECL.AMWM %,fNLDllAfT\JNTRO R.Pl\f*bnl.vy 21. 1997

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White Mesa \fill Reclamation Plan

• All external tanka~e not induded in the above list including: reagent tanks for the storage uf ai:iJ. ammonij, kerosene. water. or dry chemicals~ and the vanadium oxidation circuit.

• I 'ranium and vanadium solvent extraction ( SX) circuit including all SX and reagent tanka~e. mixers and settlers. pumps. and piping.

• SX building .

• Mill builJing .

• Otlice building .

• Shop and warehouse building .

• Samr,le pla building .

1 fhe sequence of demolition would proceed so as to allow the maximum use of support areas of the facility. such as the office and shop areas. It is antidpated that all major structures and large equipment will be demolished with the use of hydraulic .:.hears. These will speed the process, provide proper sizing of the materials to be placed in tailings, and redUi.:e exposure to radiation

• and 'lther safety hazards during the demolition. Any uncontaminated or decontaminated t:quipmen1 .o be considered for salvage will be released in accordance with the NRC docwnent.

' - -C:

QL tehn,;s fo1 Qec2ntamina1ion o( Facilities and EQyignent Prior to Release fur Unre§tricted Cs

.rmint11i20 of Licenses fgr Byp~t QC Sow;cc Malfrjal1. dated September, 1984. and in i.:ornpliance with the conditions of Source MateriaJ License SUA-1358. As with the equipment for disposaJ. any contammated soils from the mill area will be disposed of in the tailings facilities in accordance with Section 4.0 of Attachment A. Plans and Specifications.

• H 'lSERS*MfM1\\P1 MRJl\liCLAMWM 96\FNLORA.Fl\JNTRO RPT\fetmia,y 21. 1997

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\\"hite \.tesa \till Reclamation Plan lhe c:stimated redamation ..:osts for surety are summarized a.s follows:

White \tesa Reclamation Cost Summary Dire~t C\)sts Mi.

\1ill Decommissioning 1.485

(' d I I Reclamation 738 Cd! 2 Reclamation 1.736 Cdl J Reclamation 2.216 Cdl 4A Reclamation 1l 5 Misc. Items ( Project General) 2,045 Subtotal Direct:. 8,335 Profit Allowance IO% 833 Continkl,.!ncy 15% 1.250 Licensing and Bonding 2% 167 Long Tem Care Fund 585 I21w Surety Requirement: 11.170 REPORT ORGANIZATlON General site characteristics peninent to the reclamation plan are contained in Sc:ction 1.0.

Descriptions of the facility construction, operations and monitoring are given in Section 2.0. The current environmental monitoring program is described u1 s~ction 2.l Seismic risk was assessed in Section 2.6.3.

1 he Reclamation Plan including descriptions of facilities to be reclaimed and design criteria. is presented in Section 3.0. Section 3.0 Attadunents A. B. and C are the Plans and Specifications, Quality Plan for Construction Activities. and Cost Estimates, respective!"

• Ii USERS1MFM\WPIMRJt'JlECLAMWM %\FNLORAH1INTRO RP'lihbruary ~8. 1997

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\Vhite \tesa \till Reclamation Plan Supp()rting d1)cuments. \\hich have been reproduced as appendices for ease of review. include:

• Si:m1-.-\r.nual Effluent Report, \\. hite \.1esa Mill. SLA-1358, Docket No. 40-8681, t July through Del:ember 1995) and Semi-AMual Effluent Report, \\'hite ~1esa

\till. Sl,.'A-13;8, Docket No. 40-8681, (January through June 1996) Energy Fuels

'.'Juclear. Inc.

• Hvdroiieoloiiic Evaluation of \\bite Mesa Uranium Mill, July 1994. Titan Environmental Corporation (Titan).

• Points of Complianq;. White \ifesa Cranium ~1ill, September 1994. Titan .

Tailinis Cover Desian, \\'hite Mesa Mill. October 1996. Titan .

Neshaps Radon flux Measurement Proaram, White Mes MilL I 995, October 1995. Telko Environmental .

• Ii LSERS,MfMIWP'MRIUlECLAMWM 96\fNLDRAfl\JNTRO RPT.fcbNary 28, 19'17

Pag~ l-1

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS The White Mesa Mm is located in southeastern Utah (see Figure 1-1 ), approximately six miles south of Blandi1.g, Utah (sec Figure 1-2).

The Envjronmenwl Report ("ER") (Dames and Moore 1978b) has be:.:n reproduced, with minor revisions. to describe site characteristics. The Final Environmental Statement ("Final ES") l U.S.

NRC 1979) has also been used, where noted below, for descriptions of the preoperational environment. Section 2.0. Site Characteristics. contains certain pertinent sections reproduced from the Final ES with minor changes in syntax. Where these sections were reproduced. the ER or Final ES section numbers are referenced in parentheses after the section title .

• Section l .o. l. Regional Geology, and Section 1.6.2, Blruiding Site Geology, were reproduced from the ER with minor rhanges in syntax. Section 1.6.3, Seismic Risk Assessment, summarizes the results of static and pseudostatic analyses performed in September of 1996. T,,ese analyses were based on the most recent data available as well as previously collected data, and were used to establish .: stab111ty of the side slopes of the tailings soil cover. Complete details of the tailings cover design are provided in Appendix D, Tailings Cover Desiiin, White Mesa Mill (Titan Envirr)nmental Corporation, 1996 ).

The Semi-Annual Eftluent Report for July through December. 1996 (EFN, 1996) is reproduced in Appendix A. Many of the graphs in the Sl!mi-Annual Effluent Report show data from late 1979 or early 1980 to the present. The word "current" is used to describe these data and/or updates. The l:Jydroaeoloaic Evaluation of White Mesa Uranium Mill (Titan, 1994) is reproduced in Appendix B. Points of Compliance. White Mesa Mill (Titan, 1994) is reproduced in Appendix C. Tailiniis

• 1-hUSERSIMFM\ WP\MRR\RF.CLAMWM. 96\FNI DRAFT\SECTOI .RP'Dfcbruary 28. 1997

Page 1-~

Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

\\'bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Cm.:.a Desi"n, White Mesa Mill (Titan, 1996) is reproduct:d in Appendix D. Api.ii:ndix Eis the most recently completed radon monitoring report .

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White \fosa \till Reclamation Plan I. I CLI\IATE Text on climate and associated tables are adapted. with minor revisions. from the Final ES. Sew table numbers are added to the text below to correspond to sections in this Reclamation Plan. but the origini.il table numbers from the Final ES are cited on the modified tables. for ease of reference.

I. I. I Gener.ii Influences (Final ES St*ction :?. I. I)

Although varying somewhat with elevation and terrain in the vicinity of the site, the climate can generally be described as semiarid. Skies are usually clear with abundant sunshine, precipitation is light. humidity is low, and evaporation is high. Daily ranges in temperature are relatively large. and winds are normally light to moderate. Influences that would result in synoptic meteorological conditions are relatively weak; as a result, topography and local micrometerological effects play an important role in determining climate in the region.

Seasons are well defined in the region. Winters are cold but usually not severe, and summers are warm. The normal mean annual temperature reported for Blanding, Utah, is about 50° F ( l 0° C). as shown in Table l.1-1 (Table 2.1 in the Final ES). January is usually the coldest m0nth in the region, with a normal mean monthly tempe1..1turc of about 27° F (-3° C). Temperatures of oc F ( -18° C) or below may occur in about two of every three years, but temperatures below

-15° F (-:?6° C) are rare. July is generally the warmest month. having a normal mean monthly temperature of about 73° F (23° C). Temperatures above 90° F (32° C) are not uncommon in the summer and are reported to occur about 34 days a year; however, temperatures above l 00° F (38° C) occur rarely .

• M *L'SERS*MF!'.rWPIMRR\RECLAMWM 96\fNLDRAfl'SECTOI RPl'fcbruary 28. 1997

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\Vhite Mesa \.till Reclamation Plan 1.1.2 Prccipuation I Final ES S.:ction 2.1.2)

Precipitation in the vicinity of the \\ibite \1esa Uranium Project is light (Table 1.1-2) ( Final ES Tabk 2.2). \:ormal annual precipitation is about 12 inches (30 cm). ~lost precipitalion in the ar::a is rainfall. with about 25 percent of the annual total in the form of snowfall.

There are two separate rainfall seasons in the region. The first occurs in late summer and early autumn when moisture-laden air masses occasionally move in from the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in showers and thunderstorms. The second rainfall period occurs during the winter when Pacific storms frequent the region.

• 1.1.3 Winds (Final ES Section 2.1.3)

Wind speeds are generally light to moderate at the site during all seasons, with occasional strong winds during late winter and spring frontal activity and during thunderstorms in ~he summer.

Southerly wind directions are reported to prevail throughout the year.

l. 1.4 Storms ( Final ES Section 2.1.4)

Thunderstorms are frequent during the summer and early fall when moist air moves into the area from the Gulf of Mexico. Related precipitation is usually light, but a heavy local storm can produce over an inch of rain in one day. The maximum 24-hour precipitation reported to have fallen during a 30-year period at Blanding was 1.98 inches (5.02 cm). Hailstorms are uncommon in this area. Although winter storms may occasionally deposit comparable amounts of moisture, maximum short-term precipitation is usually associated with summer thunderstorms.

• H 'tSERS'MFM\WP1MRR\R£CLAMWM 96\fNLDRAfT*.SECTOI RPT\fcbruary 28. 1997

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White ~lesa \1ill Reclamation Plan T1>rnadL)t!S have been L)hserwd in the general region. but they occur infrequently. Strong winds

~an occur in the area along \\ ith thunderstorm activity in the spring and summer. The \\ bite

\lesa site is susceptible to occasional dust storms, which vary greatly in intensity. duration. and time of occurrence. The basic conditions for blowing dust in the region are created by wide areas of exposed dry topsoil and stwng, turbulent winds. Dust storms usually occur following frontal passages during the warmer months and are occasionally associated with thunderstorm activities .

• fi LSERS MFM WP'MIUUU:CLAMWM 96*fNLDRAf1'SECT0I RPT'february 21. 1997

TAL~.:.: 1.1-1 Temperature means and extremes at Blanding, lJtaha Means Extremes Daily Daily Record Record Month maximum minimum Monthly highest Year iowest Year o(' *F oc *F *c *f' *(' *F *c *F January 3.9 39.I -9.1 15.6 -2.6 27.4 16 60 1956 -27 -17 1937 Februal)* 6.5 43.7 -6.4 20.4 0.1 32.1 19 67 1932 -31 -23 193.l

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March 11.1 51.9 -3.3 26.1 3.9 39.0 -- 72 1934 17 1948 April 17.0 62.6 0.9 33.7 8.9 48.1 28 82 1943 12 II 1936 May

--*- 71.9 5.2 41.3 13.7 56.6 33 92 1951 -5 23 Jl)J1 June 28.2 82.8 9.6 49.2 18.9 66.0 38 100 1954 -2 28 1947 July 31.7 89.1 13.8 56.9 27.8 73.0 39 103 1931 2 36 19H August 30.3 86.5 13.1 55.5 21.7 71.0 37 98 1954 6 42 19SO September 26.2 79.3 8.7 47.7 17.6 63.6 35 95 1948 -2 29 IQ34 October 19.0 66.2 2.7 36.9 10.9 51.6 32 90 1937 -10 14 19.,5 November 10.4 50.8 -4.4 24.1 3.1 37.5 21 69 1934 -22 -7 1931 December 5.3 41.6 -7.4 18.6 I. I 30.1 16 61 1949 -24 -11 1935 Annual 17.7 63.8 1.9 35.5 9.8 49.7 39 103 July 1931 -3 I -23 February 1933

• Period of record: 1931-1960 (30 years).

Source: Adapted from ll. S. NRC ( 1979) Final Environmental Statement, Page 2-2. Table 2.1.

Original Source: Plateau Resources, Limited, Application for Source Material license, Table 2.2-1, p. 2-6, Apr. 3, 1978.

T Al.. a-1: 1.1-2 Precipitation means and extremes at Blanding. Utah 1 Total Month Mean monthly Maximum monthly Greatest daily Year cm m. cm m. cm Ill.

January 3.04 1.20 10.31 4.06 2.64 1.04 1952 February 2.95 1.16 4.39 1.73 2.62 1.03 1Q37 March 2.38 0.94 5.00 1.97 2.54 1.00 1937 April 2.18 0.86 5.41 2.13 2.69 1.06 1957 May 1.63 0.64 5.11 2.01 2.39 0.94 1947 June 1.39 0.55 5.51 2.17 3.56 I .40 1938 July 2.13 0.84 7.79 3.07 3.35 1.32 1930 August 3.02 1.19 12.59 4.96 5.03 1.98 1951 September 3.02 1.19 9.60 3.78 3.07 1.21 1933 October 3.5 I 1.38 16.79 6.61 3.94 1.55 1940 November 1.88 0.74 5.21 2.05 2.41 0.95 1946 December 3.20 1.26 9.29 3.66 3.56 1.40 193)

• Period of record: 1931-1960 (30 years).

Source: Adapted from U.S. NRC (1979) Final Environmental Statement, Page 2-2, Table 2.2.

Original Source: Plateau Resources. Limited. Application.for Source Material Ucen.\*1:. Table 2.2-2, p. 2-8. Apr. 3, 1978.

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\l.'hite \tesa \till Reclamation Plan 1.2 TOPOGRAPHY The following text is reproduced from Section 2.3 of the Fina! ES.

The site is located on a "peninsula" platform tilted slightly to the south-southeast and surrounded on almost all sides by deep canyons. washes, or river valleys. Only a narrow neck of land connects this platform with high country to the north, forming the foothills of the Abajo Mountains. Even tllong this neck. relatively deep stream courses intercept overland flow from the higher country. Consequently. this platform ( \\'hite Mesa) is well protected from runoff flooding, except for that caused by incidental rainfall directly on the mesa itself. The land on the mesa immediately surrounding the White Mesa site is relatively flat.

• 1.3 .-\RCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCES The following discussion of archeological sites is adapted from Section 2.5.2.3 of the Final ES.

l. 3. I Archeological Sites Archeological surveys of portions of the entire project site were conducted between the fall of 1977 and the spring of 1979. The total area surveyed contained parts of Section 21, 22, 27, 28.

32. and 33 of T37S, R22E, and encompassed 2,000 acres (809 ha), of which 200 acres (81 ha) are administered by the U. S. Bureau of Land Management and 320 acres (130 ha) are O\\ned by the State of Utah. The remaining acreage is privately owned. During the surveys. 121 sites were recorded and all were determined to have an affiliatio'l with the San Juan Anasazi who oc upied this area of Utah from O A.D. to 1300 A.O. All but 22 of the sites were within the project boundaries.

• H LSERS-MFM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM.96\FNLDRAFl'SECTOI RJ>l',february 28, 1997

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Re\ision I 0 Energy Fuels ~uclear. Inc.

White \1esa \fill Reclamation Plan I'.ible I.}- I. adapted from Final ES fable 2.18. summarizes the recorded sites according to their probable 1

.... mporal positions. The dates of occupation are the best estimates available, based on professional experience and expertise in the interpretation of archeological evidence. Available ev*idence suggests that settlement on \\i'hite Mesa reached a peak in perhaps 800 A.O. Occupation remained at approximately that level until some time near the end of Pueblo II or in the Pueblo II/Pueblo Ill transition period. After this period, the population density declined sharply, and *t may be assumed that the White Mesa was. for the most part, abandoned by about 1250 AD.

Archeological test excavations were conducted by the Antiquities Section, Division of State History. in the spring ot 1978. on 20 sites located in the area later to be occupied by tailings c.ells

2. 3 and 4. Of these sites, 12 were deemed by the State Archeologist to have significant National Register potential and four possible significance. The primary determinant of significance in this study was the presence nf st1 Jctures, though storage features and pottery artifacts were also common.

In the fall of 1978, a surface survey was conducted on much of the previously unsurveyed portions of the proposed mill site. Approximately 45 archeological sites were located durin~ this survey, some of which are believed to be of equal or greater significance than the more significant sites form the earlier study. Determination of the actual significance of all untested sites would require additional field investigation .

• U L'SER.S'MFM\WP\MRR\RECI.AMWM 96\fNLDRAFT.SECTOI RP1'fcbruary 21. 1997

TABLE 1.3-1 Distribution of Recorded Sites According to Temporal Position TemporaJ position Approximate dates (A.0.)a Nwnber of sites Basket Maker III 575-750 2 Basket Maker IIL'Pueblo I 575-850 27 Pueblo I 750-850 12 Pueblo I/Pueblo II 850-950 13 Pueblo II 950-1100 14 Pueblo II/Pueblo III 1100-1150 12 Pueblo III 1150-1250 8 Pueblo II+ b s Mult!component C 3 urudentified d 14

• a Includes transitional periods.

b Although collections at these locations were lacking in diagnostic material, available evidence indicates that the site would have been used or occupied no earlier than 900 A.O. and possibly later.

c Ceramic collections from each of these sites indicate an occupation extending from Pueblo I through Pueblo II and into Pueblo III.

d These sites did not produce evidence strong enough to justify any identification.

Source: Adapted from Dames & Moore (1978b) (ER), Table 2.3-2, U. S. NRC (1979) Final Environmental Statement, Page 2-20, Table 2.18, and from supplementary reports on project archeology .

• Pag~ 1-13 Re, ision 1.0 Energ} Fuels ~udear. [nc.

\\'hite \tesa \ttill Reclamation Plan Pursu~mt to IO ('FR Part 63 .3, the NRC submitted on :\farch -8, l 97Q, a request to the Keeper of the National Register for a determination of eligibility for the area which had been sur\*eyed

.md tested. The area contained 112 archeological sites and six historical sites. The determination hy the Keeper of the '.'Jational Register 011 April 6. 1979. was that the \Vhite Mesa Archeological District is digible for inclusion in the National Register.

1.3 .2 Current Status of Excavation Archeological investigations for the entire mill site and for Cells 1-1 through Cell 4 were completed with the issuance of four separate reports covering 30 sites. excluding re-investigations.

( Lindsay 1978, Nielson 1979, Casjens et al 1980, and Agenbroad et al 1981 ).

• The sites reported as excavated are as follows:

6380 6381 6394 6395 6437 6684 6384 6396 6685 6385 6397 6686 6386 6403 6697 6387 6404 6698 6388 6420 6699 6391 6429 6754 6392 6435 6757 6393 6436 7754 Sites for which excavation has not been required are:

6379 6441 7658 7690 6382 6443 7659 7691 6405 6444 7660 7693

• H *,lJSERS\MFM\WP',MRR\RECLAMWM 961FNLDRAF1'SECTOI RP'Pfebruary 28. 1997

Pa*t,1 c 1-1-l Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 6379 6441 7658 7690 6382 6443 7659 7691 6405 6444 7660 7693 The sites remaining to be ex1.avated are (continued):

6408 6445 7661 7696 6421 6739 7665 7700 6427 6740 7668 7752 6430 7653 7675 7876 6431 7655 7684 8014 6432 7656 7687 6439 7657 7689 1.4 SURFACE WATER The following description of undisturbed surface water conditions is adapted from Section 2.6.1 of the Final ES. Since construction. the mill has been designed to prevent runon or runoff of storm water. No perennial surface water drainages exist on the site. The description of surface water quality in subsection 1.4.2 retlects baseline sampling perfonned in July 1977 - March 1918.

'ontinuous monitoring of surface water is not possible due to lack of streamflow.

l.4.1 S.urf&:e Water Description (Final ES Section 2.6.1. l)

The mill site is located on White Mesa, a gently sloping ( 1% SSW) plateau that is physically defined by the adjacent drainages which have cut deeply into regional sandstone formations. There is a small drainage area of approximately 62 acres (25 ha) above the site that could yield surface runoff to the site. Runoff from the project area is conducted by the general surface topography to either

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White \fesa \till Reclamation Plan sno"mdt and ll1eal rJir._,lllrms I particularly thunderstorms). Surface runoff from app'"oximately 38~ acres ( 155 ha) of the project site drains \hstward and is collected by Westwater Creek. and runoff from another 384 acres ( 155 ha) drains e...:>l into Corral Creek. The remaining 713 acres 1289 ha I of the :,uuthern and suuthwestern portions of the site drain indirectly into Cottonwood Wash I Dames & Moore. 1978b. p. 2-143). The site and vicinity drainages carry water only on an intermittent basis. The major drainages in the project vicinity are depicted in Figure 1.4-1 and t'1eir drainages tabulateJ in Table 1.4-1. Total runoff from the site (total yield per watershed area I is estimated to be less than 0.5 inch ( 1.3cm) annually (Dames & Moore. 1978b. p. 2- t 43 ).

There are no perennial surface waters on or in the vicinity of the project site. This is due to the gentle slope of the mesa on which the site is located. the low average annual rainfall of 11.8 inches (29. 7 cm) per year at Blanding ( Dames & Moore, 1978b, p. 2-168). local soil characteristics and the porous nature of local stream channels. Prior to construction, three small ephemeral catch hasins were present on the site to the northwest and northeast of the scale house.

Corral Creek is an intermittent tributary to Recapture Creek. The drainage area of that portion llf Corral Creek above and including drainage from the c:astem portion of the site is about 5 square miles ( 13 km~). Westwatl!r Creek is also an intermittent tributary of Cottonwood Wash.

The Westwater Creek drainage basin covers nearly 27 square miles (70 krn 1) at its contluence with Cottonwood Wash 1.5 miles (2.5 km) west of the project site. Both Recapture Creek and Cottonwood Wash are similarly inter.nittently active, although they carry water more often and for longer periods of time due to their larger watershed areas. They both drain to the south and are tributaries of the San Juan River. The contluences of Recapture Creek and Cottonwood Wash with the San Juan River are approximately 18 miles (29 km) south of the project site. The San Juan River, a major tributary for the upper Colorado River, has a drainage of 23,000 square miles

• H l'~fR.S,MfM'WP'MRR'flECLAMWM 96\fNLDRAFnSECTOI RPl'february ll. 1997

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( 60.000 lo.m: I mt:Jsure<l at the USGS gauge to the west uf Bluff. L'tah t Dames & \toore. l l/78b.

p. :!-130) .

• H L'SERS\Mf~MVP1 MRR*R£CLAMWM 961f-'NLDRAfT';t:CTOI RJ>l'february 28. 1997

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• TABLE 1.4-1 drainage Areas of Project Vicinity and Region Drainage area Basin description km~ sq. miles Corra at confluence I 5.0 5.8 with t{.__ i.:apture Creek Westwater Creek at confluence 68.8 26.6 with Cottonwood Wash Cottonwood Wash at USGS <531 <205 gage west of project site Cottonwood Wash at confluence <860 <332 with San Juan River Recapture Creek at USGS gage 9.8 3.8 Recapture Creek at confluence <518 <200

• with San Juan River San Juan River at USGS gage <60,000 <23,000 downstream at Bluff. Utah Source: Adapted from Dames & Moore ( l 978bJ, Table 2.6-3

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White Mesa ~till Reclamation Plan Storm runoff in tht!se streams is characterized by a rapid rise in the tlow rates, followed by rapid recession primarily due to the small storage capacity of the surface soils in the area. For example. on August I. 196\, a flow of W.500 cfs (581 m3lsec) was recorded in Cononwood 1

Wash Gear Blanding. The average flow for that day. however. was only ..J.340 cfs ( 113 m- 'sec).

By August 4. the tlow had returned *o 16 cfs (0.5 m3lsec) (Dames & Moore. 1978b, p. 2-1351.

~onthly streamtlow summaries are presented in Figure 1.4-2 for Cottonwood Wash and Recapture Creek. Flow data are not available for the two smaller water courses closest to the project site. Corral Creek and Westwater Creek, because these streams carry water infre4uently and only in response to local heavy rainfall and snowmelt, which occurs primarily in the months of April. August. and October. Flow typically ceases in Corral and \\'.!stwater Creeks within 6 to 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> after precipitation or snowmelt ends.

• 1.4.1 Surface Water Oualit): (Final ES Section 2.6.1.2)

Sampling of surface water quality in the project vicinity began in July 1977 and continued through March 1978. Baseline data describe and evaluate existing conditions at the project site and vicinity. Sampling of the temporary on-site surface waters (two catch basins) has been attempted but without success because of the lack of naturally occurring water in these basins.

The basin to the northeast of the mill site has been filled with well water to serve as a nonpotable water source during constructir1n of office and laboratory buildings in conjunction with the mill

( approximately six months). This water has not been sampled but presumably reflects the poor quality associated with local groundwater. Sampling of ephemeral surface waters in the vicinity was possible only during major precipitation events. as these streams are normally dry at other times.

• H 1liSERS\MfM\WP'MRR'RECLAMWM 96\fNLDRAfl'.SECTOI RPT.fcbruary 28, 1997

I' .ig..: I -2U Re\ is1L1n I O Energ~ Fuds '.\uclear. Inc.

White \ksa \till Reclamation Plan The ln1.:Jt1Pns nf the -,urfrK.! \\ater sampk sites are presented in Figure l .4-3. The water quality

\ alues obtained for these sam""le sites are given in Dames & \1oore ( 1978b) Table :.6~ 7. and L'.S. ~RC ( 1979) Table 2 22. Water quality samples were collected during the spring at several intermittently active stream.,; that drain the proJect area. These streams include Westwater Creek (SIR. S9) Corral Creek below the small irrigation pond (S3R), the junctior. of Corral Creek and Recapture Creek (S4R 1. and Cottonwood Creek (S8R). Samples were also ta.ken from a surface pond southeast of the mill (S5R). No s.imples were ta.ken at S2R on Corral Creek or at the small wash (S6R) located south of the site.

Surface water quality in the vicinity of .he mill is generally poor. Waters in Westwater Creek (SIR and S9) were characterized by high total dissolved solids (TDS; mean of 674 mg/liter) and sulfate levels (mean 117 mg of SO, per liter). The waters were typically hard (total hardness measured as CaCO,; mean 221 mg/liter) and had an average pH of 8.25. Estimated water

\*elo1.:ities for Westwater Creek averaged 0.3 fps (0.08 m/sec) at the time of sampling.

• H *l;SERS,MFM'.WP'.MRR\RECL.AMWM 961FNLDRAF1',SECTOI RPl'Fcbrua,y 28, 1997

400 AVERAGE ANN JAL FLOWxSQOAF-(1965-1974)

DRAINAGE AREA*J.77 SQ. MI.

1- 350 AVERAGE ANNUAL YIELD=212.2 AF/SQ. MI.

~

....,I JOO a: YI ELD-AF /SQ. MI u

C MIN. AVE. MAX *

a

.. 250 --26 212 862 0_, (1970) (1972)

~

200

c 1-z 150 0

z:

~ 100 C

a:

C 50 OCT NOV DEC JAN FE.a MAA APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT MONTH RECAPTURE CREEK NEAR BLANDING USGS GAUGE 09378630 JSO AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW=734 AF {1965-1971)

DRAINAGE AREA=4.95 SQ. MI.

1-

..... AVERAGE ANNUAL YIELD=l48 AF/SQ. MI .

~ 300 L.aJ a::

~ 250

a

. YIELD- AF/ SQ. MI .

MIN. AVE. MAX.

~ 200 LA. 47.1 148 281

> ( 1965)

-' (1970)

r: 150 1-z 0

z:

,..., 100

~

C

~ 50 C

OCT Wt1V DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY .uE .U. Y lrUJ SEPT MONTH SPRING CREEK ABOVE DIVERSIONS, NEAR MONTICELLO

.~.-. USGS GAUGE 09376900

AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW*6300 AF (1964-1974) 1600 DRAINAGE AREA*205 SQ. MI.

AVERAGE ANNUAL YIELD= 31 AF/SQ. MI.

1400 1-

~ 120U LI.I a: YIELD-AF/SQ. MI.

u

~ 1000 M1N. AVE . MAX *

s 6.7 31 100 C)

-' (1969) (io~~*

1.t.. 800

c

~ 600 C)

E'

~ 400 ex LIJ

200 OCT NOV DEC JM1 FEB MAR APR MAY .AME JU..Y .QA.JG SEPT MONTH COTTONWOOD WASH NEAR BLANDING USGS GAUGE 09378700

- NOTES

1. FOR THE LOCATION OF WATERCOURCES SUMMARIZED, SEE PLATE

2. SOURCE Oi DATA. WATER RESOURCES DATA RECORDS.

COMP I LED ANO PUBLISHED BY USG S eNe~"r' P"UeJ..S NI.JGJ..!Al't, .

Cc:>lorodo Plot*o1J Op*,.c:ttiori*

Z""4 ~ c,riv. M.a 201 . ...GWIO .u,c.$10n. UJ 6'90ft I fl'l&:tUflll.e 1.4-2 I--------------

• 5t,..*om ,.,ol'II Sl.lmrno,..~

In the Blondln9, utah Vl~inlty

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P..1g!.! 1-~3 Rt!\ ision I 0 Energy Fuels ;'luclear. Inc.

White ~tesa \'till Reclamation P1an S.unples from Cotton\l.o,)J Creek ( S8R> ""ere similar in 4uality to Westwater Creek water samples. although the TDS and sulfate levels were lower (TDS a\'"rageo 164 mg liter; SO.

.ni.

raged ~O mg,liter) during heavy spring tlow conditions r80 fps (:!4 rTusec) water velocity].

I he concentrations of TOS increased downstream in Corral Creek. averaging 3,180 mg!liter at S3R and 6,660 mg/liter (one sample) at S4R. Total hardness averaged in excess of 2,000 mg.11iter. and pH values were slightly alkaline. Estimated water velocities in Corral Creek were typically less than 0.1 fps ( O.u3 * *) during sampling.

The spring sample collected a the surface pond south of the project site (S5R) indicated a TDS concentration of less than 300 mg/liter. The water was slightly alkaline with moderate dissolved sulfate k* els averaging 42 mg/liter .

l luring heavy runoff. the concentration of total suspended solids in these streams increased sharply to values in excess of l,500 mg/liter (U.'- NRC 1979, Table 2.22). High concentrations of certain trace elements were measured in some sampling areas. Levels of mercury (total) were reported as high as 0.002 mg/liter (S3R, 1/25177; S8R. 7125177). Total iron measured in the pond (S5R. l l/10177) was 9.4 mg/liter. These values appear to reflect groundwater quality in the vicinity and are probably due to evaporative concentration and not due to hwnan perturbation of the environment.

1.5 GROUNDWATER The following descriptions of groundwater occurrence and characteristics in and around the White Mesa Mill is a summary and compilation of information contained in documents previously submitted to and reviewed by the U.S. NRC. These include the Final ES, the Hydrogeolo&i£

• H LSERS\MfMIWP1MRR-,JlFCLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFl'.SECTOI RPT\fcbrua,y 28, 1997

P.1~~ 1._:~

Re\iS1lm I u Energy Fuels ~uclear. Inc.

\\ bite ~tesa Mill Reclamation Plan

[\aluati,m 1)f White \f~sa t*ranium Mill ("Hydrogeologic Evaluation) (Titan. 1994a). Points_..Qf

(\101pliam:e, White \lesa l:ranium \*till ("POC") ( Titan. 1994b). the Semi-Anr1ual Effluent Report for Julv throu~h Decemb(!r 1995 .,ad the Semi-Annual Effluent Report for Januarv throu~h June J9'1..Q ("Semi-annual Effluent Reports") (Energy Fuels ~udear. lnc.).

fhe Hydrogeologic Evaluation referenced numerous technical studies: Regional geologic and geohydrologic data were obtained primarily from U.S. Geologic Survey (l'.S.G.S.) and State of L'tah publications; Site-specific information was obtained from the 1978 Environmental Report (Dames & \1oore): a 1992 groundwater study report submitted to the NRC by Lmetco; a 1991 groundwater hydrology report on White Mesa prepared by Hydro-Engineering; and reports by D* Appolonia < 1981, 1982, and 1984 ). See the Hydrogeologic Evaluation, transmitted herewith in its entirety as Appendix 8, for complete data tables, lists of ,derences, and technical details des1., ..1~d in this section.

This section is primarily an adaptation of the Hydrogeologic Evaluation. For ease of reference, a copy of the Hydrogeologic Evaluation is included as Appendix B. The POC is included as Appendi.< C. The Hydrogeologic Evaluation focused on description and definition of the site hydrostratigraphy. and occurrence of groundwater as it relates to the natural and manmade safeguards which protect ~rowidwater resources from poll 1tial leakage of tailings cells at the site.

The POC summarized and statistically analyzed the available groundwater database, and proposed a re\ ised groundwater monitoring and data review program.

The findings of the Hydrogeologic Evaluation indicated that the tailings located in the existing disposal cells are not impacting groundwater at the site. In addition. it does not appear that future impacts to groundwater would be expected as a result of continuing operations.

• H -L'SERS\MfM'WPIMRR\RfCLAMWM 96,fNLORAfliSECTOI RPTlfcbruary 28. 1997

Page !-~~

R.:vision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan These conclusions ;ire based on chemical and hydrngeologic data which show that:

I. The chemistry of perched groundwater cncowltered below the site does not sho\.\

concentrations or increasing trends in concentrations of constituents that would indi1.:ate seepage from the existing disposal cells;

-* The useable aquifer at the site is separated from the facility by about 1.200 feet of unsaturated. low-permeability rock;

3. The useable aquifer is under artesian pressure and. therefore. has an upward pressure gradient which would preclude downward migration of constituents into the aquifer;

• 4.

and The facility has operated for a period of 16 years and has caused no discernible impacts to groundwater during this period.

Continued monitoring of groundwater at the site are performed to verify that past, current. and future operations will not impact groundwater. The existing monitoring program and results are presented in the Semi-annual Effluent reports (Appendix A).

• H l'.SfRS'\tfMIWP'MRR-RH'LAMWM 96\FNLDRAFr,SECTOI RPT,Fcbruary 28. 1997

l\1!:'..: l-~h Re\ 1sion I .0 Energy Fuels ~uclear. Inc.

\\ bite \tesa ~till Reclamation Plan

'.5.1 Site Description

\s shown on Figure 1.1-2. White Mesa L'ranium .\till is located in southeastern l'tah.

approximately six miles south of the town of Blanding. It is situated on \\ bite Mesa. a tlat area bounded on the east by Corral Canyon. to the west by Westwater Creek. and to the south by Cottonwood Canyon. The -.ite consists of the uranium processing mill, and four er,gineered lined

.. ilings disposal cells.

1.5.2 Geolotiic Setting The White \1esa Cranium Mill site is located near the western edge of the Blanding Basin within the Canyon Lands section of the Colorado Plateau physiographic prm mce (Figure 1.5-1.

Hydrogeologic Evaluation Figure 1.1 ). The Canyon Lan.!s have undergone broad, fairly horizontal uplift and sut-~equent erosion which have produced the region's characteristic topography represented by high plateaus, mesas, buttes and deep canyons incised into relatively tlat lying sedimentary rocks of pre-Tertiary age. Elevations range from approximately 3,000 feet in the bottor,s of the deep canyons along the soul western margins of the region to more than 11.000 feet in the Henry. Abajo and La Sal mountains located to the northwest and northeast of the facility. With the exception of the deep canyons and isolated mountain peaks, an average devation slightly in excess of 5,000 feet persists over most of the Canyon Lands. The average elevation at the \\-'bite Mesa Uranium Mill is 5,600 feet mean sea level (MSL) .

• H LSERS'Mf!l.f,WP\MRRJlfCLAMWM 961FNLDRAIT'5ECTOI RPT>.february 28, 1997

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P~gi.: I -2S R~\ ision 1.0 Energy Fuds Nuclear. Inc.

\\-bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.5.2.1 Stratigraphy Rocks of Upper Juras<-ic and Cretaceous age are exposed in the canyon walls in the vicinity of the White Mesa Cranium \till site. 1 nese rock units (Figure 1.5-2, Hydrogeologic Evaluation Figure 1.2) include. in descending order. the following. Eolian sand of Quaternary Age and varying thickness overlies the Dakota sandstone and Mancos shale on the mesa. A thin deposit of talus derived from rock falls of Dakota sandstone and Burro Canyon formation mantles the lower valley flanks. C nderlying these units are the Cretaceous Age erosional remnants of Mancos shale. Dakota Sandstone. and Burro Canyon formation. Erosional remnants of Mancos shale are only found north of the Mill site. The Brushy Basin, Westwater Canyon, Recapture and Salt Wash Members of the

• per Jurassic Age Morrison formation are encountered below the Burro Canyon formation. The Summerville formation, Entrada Sandstone and Navajo Sandstone are the deepest units of concern encountered at the site.

1.5.2.2 Local Geolvgic Structure In general. the rock formations of the region are flat-lying with dips of 1 to 3 degrees. The rock formations are incised by streams that have formed canyons between intervening areas of broad mesas and bunes. An intricate system of deep canyons along and acoss hog-backs and cuestas has resulted from faulting. upwarping and dislocation of rocks around the intrusive rock masses.

such as the Abajo Mountains. Thus the region is divided up into numerous hydrological areas controlled by structural features.

• H '.l/SERSIMFM\WP\MRJl1JtECLAMWM 96\FNLORAFl'SECTOI RJ>l\febru.vy 28, 1997

• [JAKOTA ':,Atm'.:,lON(

COVERED BY UNCONSOLIDATED .\LltJ\1lJM,

• .'OLLUVllJIA ANC, TALUS SAND AND SILT, REDDiSH BROWN VERY FINE**GRAINE[J

.:SHALL LIGHT /~RM. son SANDSTONE. OUAfHZ. LIGHT Y(LL:W BROWN, POORL'r SORT((), IRON CONCRf.ATIONS WELL INOURATEC,

..... '\. *,

SANC,ST\)N[ JuA"l l. LIGHT GRA1 T,) UGHT ll '

r**. I .... *,. \, '\ '\, '\ '\. ......... BURRC1 i__ :Af.J, !'lr1 FORMA r:,~1rJ BROWN, CROSS -BEDDED, C:ONGLOMERATIC.

I I *. *, '\,' ... *. '\. . POORL-; 5Gi<'U> INT[RBEDDEO WITH

. *, ... '*. *..... GRA r - GREEN SHALE t-*-- ' ......', ........

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• -r*

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,n I l '.',HAL[. GRA r. *~R,-, -GRE.[N, AN() PURPt.[.

,;, I i SIL fY IN PART WITH S0Mf SAN05 TO!ff Lf.N:,ES

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,:.PA'* m,r Tl) <(.1AR5E *~RAINE.D. INTERBEDOfD w.;,-1 (,R[E!<J',H -<~RA, 1,, RE[l[HSH**BW*WN SHALi:

9iAl [. R[D[Jj';" *(,RA'f 'SIL T'r 1() SANL r iNffRBEDDED .,,TH SANL)<;f,)Nf. AR~.f)SH.

P[' ..Af~*f:J~*f MEMl*FP R[llOISH - GRA'r'. rn '(El LfJW- 1wnwN. flNt 1,-, MF['ll!lrt -GRAltl((t SA1' 1J'3TONE, QUARTZ, 1EI.LUW1SH - TO fi'E[J01':,H 8ROWN. fill~* ro ,_* (*ARC,£ -

(,RAIN((; if-JTER8Er!Df(J win, f,l((>[J1S,

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• NffRBEDS SM,[J'Sfi)N( ,jl_lARl' WHITf ro ,:;RAri'.,H BROW~I. MAS',:VL *,RV,o -1:lf.D[)fu, FIi-if -

ro MU)hJM (,PAIN([)

';ANDC'f(*Nf.. (jUARTZ. Ll(,HT rfl.l(',Wl',1 9RuWN TU u(;HT

• GR.Ar MiD WHIT(, MAS ,IV( .

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r:GURC : .5 <.~2 Genera!i.:ed Stratig~aph~ of V'4hite

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• Re\ 1sil.m I. 0 Eneri;_ i:uds Suclear. Inc.

White \1esa \1ill Reclamation Plan The strata underlying White !v1esa have a regional dip of l ,:! to l degrees to the south; however.

local dips of 5 degrees have been measured. Haynes. et al ( 1972) includes a map showing the

.:;tructure at the base of the Dakota formation. Approximately 25 miles to the north, the Abajo Mountains. formed by igneous intrusions. have caused local faulting. upwarping. and displacement of the sedimentary section. However, no faults have been mapped in the immediate vicinity of White Mesa.

1.5.3 Hvdrogeolo~ic Settin&

On a regional basis, the formations that are recognized as aquifers are: Cretaceous-age Dakota Sandstone and the upper part 0f the Morrison formation of late Jurassic age; the Entrada Sandstone. and the Navajo Sandstone of Jurassic age; the Wingate Sandstone and the Shinarump

• Member of the Chinle formation "f Triassic age; and the DeChelle Member of the Cutler f rmation of Permian age.

Recharge to aquifers in the region occurs by infiltration of precipitation into the aquifers along the flanks of the Abajo. Henry and La Sal Mountains and along the flanks of folds, such as Comb Ridge Monocline and the San Rafael Swell, where the permeable formations are exposed at the surface ( Figure l.5-1. Hydrogeologic Evaluation Figure 1.1 ).

Seventy-six groundwater appropriation applications, within a five-mile radius of the Mill site. are on file with the Utah State Engineer's office. A summary of the applications is presented in Table 1.5-1 and shown on Figure l .5-3. The majority of the applications is by private individuals and for wells drawing small, intermittent quantities of water, less than eight gpm, from the Burro Canyon formation. For the most part, these wells are located upgradient (north) of the White Mesa Uranium Mill site. Stockwatering and irrigation are listed as primary uses of the majority

• H IUSERS\MFMIWP\MRRIJtECLAMWM 96\FNLORAFNECTOI RPTifebruary 28. 1997

Page 1-31 Revision l 0 Energy Fuels ~uclear. Inc.

\Vhite Mesa ~till Reclamation Plan of the \\ells. h is important to note that no wells completed in the perched groundw:uer of the Burro Canyon formation exist directly downgradient of the site within the five-mile radius. Two water wells which available data indicate are completed in the Entrada/Navajo sandstone (Clow.

19()7). exist approximately 4.5 miles southeast of the sitt on the lJte Mountain l 1te Reservation.

These wells supply domestic water for the Ute Mountain Ute White Mesa Community. situated on the mesa along Highway 191 (see Figure I 5-3 ). Data supplit. J by the Tribal Environmental Programs Office indicate that both wells are completed in the Entrada/Navajo sandstone, which is approximately 1.200 feet below the ground surface. Insufficient data are available to define the groundwater tlow direction in the Entrada;Navajo sandstone in the vicinity of the mill.

• H L'SERS'MfM\WP'MRR'RECLAMW\196,FNLDRAFl\SECTOI RP1'February 28, 1997

DOCUMENT PAGE(S) PULLED SEE APERTURE CARD FILES APERTURE CARD/PAPER COPY AVAILABLE THROUGH NRC FILE CENTER NUMBER OF OVERSIZE PAGES FILMED ON APERTURE CARD(S)

- I --

ACCESSION NUMBERS OF OVERSIZE PAGES:

Table 1.5-1

• Map No.

Wells Located Within A S-Mile Radius of Water Right The White Mesa Uranium Mill SEC TWP RNG CFS l'SE Depth (ft.)

Nielson. Nonnan and Richard C. 11 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 150-200 2 Guymon, Willard M. 10 37S 22E 0.015 s 82 3 Nielson. J. Rex 10 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 160 4 Nielson. J. Rex 10 37S 22E 0.013 s 165 5 Lyman. Fred S. 10 37S 22E 0.022 IDS 120 6 Plateau Resources 15 37S 22E 0.015 0 740 7 Plateau Resources 15 37S 22E 0.015 0 135 8 Nielson, Nonnan and Richard C. 14 37S 22E 0.015 IS 150-200 9 Lyman. George F. 15 37S 22E 0.015 s 135 10 Holt. N.E., Mclaws, W. 15 37S 22E 0.007 s 195 11 Perkins. Dorothy 21 37S 22E 0.015 s 150

• 12 13 II 15 Energy Fuels Nucl *ar, Inc.

Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

Utah Launch Complex Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

21 22 27 28 37S 37S 37S 37S 22E 22E 22E 22E 0.6 I.I I 0.015 1.11 0

0 0

D 1600 1820 650 1885 16 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. 28 37S 22E 1.11 0 1850 17 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. 28 37S 22E 0.015 DSO 1800 18 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. 28 37S 22E 0.6 0 1600 19 Jones, Alma U. 33 37S 22E 0.015 s 200 20 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. 33 37S 22E 0.6 0 1600 11 BLM 8 37S 22E 0.01 s 170 22 Halliday, Fred L. II 37S 22E 0.015 IS 180 23 Perking, Paul 2 37S 22E 0.015 ID 180 24 Redd, James D. 2 37S 22E 0.1 ID 200 25 Brown, Aroe G. 37S 22E 0.015 IS 210 26 Brown. George 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 140

Table t.5-1

\\'ells Located \\'ithin A 5-Mile Radius of The \\"bite '.\lesa Uranium Mill

( continued)

Map Waler Right SEC TWP RNG CFS USE Depth No. (ft.)

27 Bro"n. Lio !\.1 37S 22E 0.004 IDS 141 28 Rentz. Alyce M. 37S 22E 0.015 ID 18(,

29 Rogers. Clarence 2 37S 22E 0.015 s 142 30 Perkins. Dorothy 2 37S 22E 0.015 s 100-200 31 Brandt J.R. & C.J. 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 160

~-, \,fontella. Frank A. 37S

.J .. 3 22E 0.015 IDO 190 33 Snyder. Bertha 37S 22E 0.1 IDS 196 34 Martineau, Stanley D. 37S 22E 0.015 ID 160 35 Kirk, Ronald D. & Catherine A. 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 160 36 Palmer, Ned J. and Marilyn 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 0 37 Grover. Jess M. 37S 22E 0.015 s 160

• 38 39 40 41 Monson, Larry Neilson. Norman and Richard Watkins. Henry Clyde 37S 37S 37S 22E 22E 22E O.Ql5 0.015 0.015 IDS IS IS 140 132 150 Shumway, Glen & Eve 15 37S 22E 0.015 IS 60 42 Energ)' Fuels Nuclear. Inc. 21 37S 22E 0.600 0 1600 (not drilled) 43 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.(# I) 28 37S 22E 1.100 0 1860 44 Watkins. Ivan R 37S 22E 0.200 s 185 45 Waukesha of Utah 3 37S 2-E 0 015 D 226 46 Simpson, William 3 37S 22E 0.030 ID 180 47 Guyman. Willard M. 2 37S 22E 0.030 s 164 48 Harrieson, Lynda 2 37S 22E 0.012 IDS 49 Hurst, Reed 2 37S 2.2F 0.015 D 100-300 50 Kaer. Al'. in 2 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 100-300 51 Heiner, Gerald B. 2 37S 22E 0.015 ID 75

• 52 Laws, James A. 2 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 100-300

Table 1.5-1

\\'ells Located Within A 5-Mile Radius of The White Mesa Uranium Mill (continued)

Map Water Right SEC TWP RNG CFS USE Depth No. (ft.)

53 Laws, J Parley .

")

37S 22E 0.015 IDS 54 Anderson. o,mnis & Edith 2 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 160 55 Guymon. Eugene 2 37S 22E 0.1()0 IDS 130 56 Guymon. Eugene 2 37S 22E 0.015 s 130 57 Guymon, Dennis & Doris 2 37S 22E 0.030 IDS 210 58 Guymon. Eugene 2 37S 22E 0.115 IDS I00-200 59 Guymon, Eugene 2 37S 22E 0.115 IDS 100-200 60 Perkins, Dorothy 2 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 140 61 Watkins, Ivan R. 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 145 62 Roper. Lloyd 34 36S 22E O.oJ5 ID 180 63 Smith, Lee & Marylynn 34 36S 22E 0.060 IDS 170

• 64 65 66 67 McDonald, Kenneth P.

Brake, John Brake. John Redd, Parley V. & Reva V.

34 34 34 34 J6S 36S 36S 36S 22E 22E 22E 22E O.oJ5 o.ois 0.015 0.015 IDS ID IS IS 734 250 150 200 68 C & C Construction 34 26S 22E 0.015 IS 190 69 Guymon, Dean W. 3 37S 22c 0.015 IDS 180 70 Phillips, Elizabeth Ann Hurst 34 36S 22E O.oJ5 165 71 Howe. Leonard R. 3 37S 22E O.ol5 0 160 T2 Shumway, Mark Eugene 3 37S 22E 0.015 ID 73 Shumway, Mark Eugene 3 37S 22E 0.015 IDS 150 74 Lyman, Hemry M. 3 37S 22E 0.100 IDS 200 75 Uta Mountain Ute 23 1gs 22E 0.535 D 76 Ute Mountain Ute 23 38S 22E 0.1606 D 1515 t!~

D- Domestic 0 - Industrial RNG - Range I - Irrigation SEC - Section CFS - Cubic Feet Per Second S - Stockwatering TWP- Township

Page 1-36

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan The well yield from wells completed in the Burro Canyon fonnation within the White Mesa site is generally lower than that obtained from wells in this fonnation upgradient of the site. For the most part. the documented pumping rates from on-site wells completed in the Burro Canyon formation are less than 0.5 gpm. Even at this low rate, the on-site wells completed in the Burro Canyon formation are typically pumped dry within a couple of hours.

This low productivity suggests that the wt,;te Mesa Uraniwn Mill is located over a peripheral fringe of perched water; with saturated thickness in the perched zone discontinuous and generally decrea-;ing beneath the site. and with conductivity of the formation being v1.:ry low. These observations have been verified by studies perfonned for the U.S. Department of Energy's disposal site at Slick Rock, which noted that the Dakota Sandstone, Burro Canyon formation, and upper

• claystone of the Brushy Basin Member are not considered aquifers due to the low permeability

• discontinuous nature, and limited thickness of these units (U.S. DOE, 1993).

1.5.3.1 Hydrostratigraphy The site stratigraphy is described above in Section 1.5.2. l. The detailed site stratigraphic e;olumn with descriptions of each geologic unit is provided on Figure 1.5-2. The following discussion, adapted from the Hydrogeologic Evaluation, focuses on those geologic units at or in the vicinity of the site which have or may have groundwater pref,e.nt.

The presence of groundwater within and in proximity to the site has been documented in three strata:

the Dakota Sandstone. the Burro Canyon formation, and the Entrada/Navajo Sandstone. The Burro Canyon formation hosts perched groundwater over the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison formation at the site .

• H ,IJSl:RS'.MfM\WP' MRR'.RECLAMWM 96\mLDRAFT',SECTOI RP"IWebrua,y 28, 1997

Page 1-37

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan

-lbe Entrada/Navajo Sandstones form one of the most permeable aquifers in the region. This aquifer is separated from the Burro Canyon formation by the Morrison formation and Summerville formation. Water in this aquifer is under artesian pressure and is used by the site's operator for industrial needs and consumption. The artesian conditions present in this aquifer are discussed in Section 1.5.6.4.

Geologic cross sections which illustrate the stratigraphic position of the Entrada/Navajo Sandstone aquifer and intervening strata are shown on Figures 1.5.3~1, 1.5.3-2. and 1.5.3-3 (from Hydrogeologic Evaluatic.n Figures 2.1. 2.2, and 2.3, respectively). The summary of the borehole information supporting the site's stratigraphy. description of the drilling information and boring logs are presented in Appendix A of the Hydrogeologic Evaluation. With the exception of six deep water

• supply wells installed at various locations around the site and completed in Entrada/Navajo Sandstone, all of the boring data are from wells drilled through the Dakota/Burro Canyon Sandstones and terminated in the Brushy Basin Member. The drilling and logging data indicate that the physical characteristics of the bedrock vary considerably, both vertically and laterally. The following sections discuss the relevance of those strata and their physical characteristics to the site's hydrogeology.

Dakota Sandstone The Dakota Sandstone is a low- to moderately-permeable formation that produces acceptable quality water at low production rates. Water from this formation is typically used for stock water and/or irrigation.

The Dakota Sandstone is the uppermost stratum in which the tailings disposal cells are sited. At th,,.

ground surface, the Dakota Sandstone is overlain by a veneer of reddish-brown clayey or sandy silts

• II ,USERS\MFM\WPIMRRIRECLAMWM 96\fNLDRAFl'.SECTOI.RYf\February 28. 1997

Page 1-38

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan with a thickness of up to IO feet and extends to depths of 43 to 66 feet below the surface (D'Appolonia, 1982). The Dakota Sandstone at this site is typically composed of moderately hard to hard sandstones with random discontinuous shale (claystone) and siltstone layers. Th.! sandstones are moderately cemented (upper part of fonnation) to well cemented with kaolinitic clays. The claystones and siltstones are typically 2 to 3 feet thick, although boring WMMW-19 encountered a siltstone layer having a thickness of 8 feet at 3 3 to 41 feet below the ground surface.

Porosity ot the Dakota Sandstone is predominately intergranular. Laboratory tests performed (see Table 1.5.3.1-1, from Hydrogeologic Evaluation Table 2.1) show the total porosity of the sandstone varies from 13.4 to 26.0 percent with an average value of 19.9 percent. The formation is very dry to dry with volumetric water contents varying from 0.6 to 7.1 percent with an average value of 3 .0

• percent. Saturation values for the Dakota Sandstone vary from 3. 7 to :.7 .2 percent. The hydraulic conductivity values as detennined from packer tests range from 9. l 2E-04 centimeters per second (cm/sec) to 2. 71 E-06 cm/sec with a geometric mean of 3 .89E-05 cm/sec (Dames & Moore, 1978; Umetco. 1992). A summary of hydraulic properties of the Dakota Sandstone is presented in Table 1.5.3.1-2 (Hydrogeo\ogic Evaluation Table 2.2).

• II 1 USERS 1MFM\WPIMRR\RECl.AMWM 96\fNLDRAfT,SECTOI RPT'February 28, 1997

Table 1.5.3.1-1 Properties of the Dakota/Burro Canyon Formation White Mesa Uranium Mill Moisture Mosture DI) llnil RetamaJ Liquid l 'la.,11e P'astiCll}

Contenl Conteni Weight Porosit} Paniclc: Sa1urdl1on Moislure Limn Limit ludell.

formation Well No. and Sample lnter\'al (Pl"rcenll Volumelm: (lh~cu fi) (Percent) Sp. (ir (l'ercenll tPercenO (Percent) I Pi:rcenl I (Percent I I{ 11,.J. I \J'l" l>al.otll WMMW-16 26.4' - 38.4' 1.5 .U 135 2 17.9 264 182 5I San,t,1011<*

WMMW-16 37.8'

• 38.4' 0.4 0.8 , 127.4 22.4 2.63 37 63 SanJ.,1011.:

WMMW-17 27.0'

• 27.5' 0.3 06 138.8 I.H 2.57 4.8 5.1 SanJ.,11111.:

WMMW-17 49.0'. 49.5' 3.6 7.1 121.9 26.0 2.64 272 9.6 SanJs10111."

Burro<.'an)on WMMW-16 45.0' - 45.5' 5.6 12.6 140.9 16.4 2.70 77 2 29.6 15.4 14 2 Sand~

Mudston.*

WMMW-16 47S' - 48.0' 2.6 5.9 142.8 12.0 2.60 489 4.4 Sandst,111t" WMMW-16 53.5' - 54.1' 0.7 1.4 129.0 19.9 2.58 7 I 6.4 Sandston.:

WMMW-16 60.5'

• 61.0' 0.1 0.2 117.9 27.3 2.61 0.8 9.9 Sand!>IOOc:

WMMW-16 65.5'

• 66.0' 2.6 5.5 131.5 19.3 2.62 28.2 7I SanJ.,ton.:

WMMW-16 73.0'

• 73.5' 0.1 0.3 130.3 20.6 2.63 I3 5.5 Sand!>hllll'.

WMMW-16 82.0'

• 82 4' 0.1 0.1 134.3 18.5 2.64 0.6 4.8 Sand:.1,111.:

IWMMW-16 WMMW-16 WMMW-17 90.0'

• 90.7' 91.1' -91.4' 104.0'

• 104.5' 0.1 5.2 O"

0.3 9.8 0.4 lol.5 118.1 161.4 2.0 29.1 1.7 2.64 2.67 2.67 12.8 33.8 26.6 0.9 0.8 33.7 16.2 17.5 Sands1011.:

Clay,wn.:

SanJ,1111t.:

Averap: l.6S 3.4 us 17.6 2.63 21 S.5 Adapted from: Table 2.l, Hydrogeologic Evaluation.

Table 1.5.3.1-2 Summar}* of H)'draulic Properties White Mesa Mill Hydraulic Hydraulic Boring/Well Interval Document Cond uctiv ity Conducthity Location Test T)pe (rt.. rt.> Rererenced (rt.1yr.) (cm.lsec.)

Soils 6 Laboratory Test g D&M 12E+OJ I .2E-05 7 Laboratory Test 4.5 D&M I.OE+OI I .OE-05 10 Laboratory rest 4 D&M 1.2E ... oI I .2E-05 12 l.aboratol") Test 9 D&M 1.4E .-02 I .4E-04 16 Laboralol") Test 4.5 D&M 2.2E+OJ 2. IE-.i~

17 Laboratory Test 4.5 D&M 9.3E+OJ 9.0E-05 19 Laboratory Test 4 D&M 7.0E..-01 6.8E-05 22 Laboratory Test 4 D&M 3.9E+OO 3.SE-06 Geometric 2.45E ,..QI 2.37E-05 Mean

• Dakota Sandstone No 3 No. 3 Injection Test lnJection Test 28-33 33-42.5 D&M D&M (I) 5.68E+02 2.80E+OO 5.49E-04 2.71E-06 No. 12 Injection Te,, 16-22.5 D&M 5.IOE+OO 4.93E-06 No. 12 Injection Test 22.5-37.5 D&M 7.92E+Ol 7.66E-05 No. 19 Injection Test 26-37.5 D&M 7.00E+OO 6.77E-06 No. 19 Injection Test 37.5-52.5 D&M 9.4~E+02 9. 12E-04 Geometric 4.0JE+OI 3.89E-05 Mean Burro CJnyon Formation No. 3 Injection Test 42.5-52.5 D&M 5.80E+OO 5.61 E-06 No. 3 Injection Test 52.5-63 D&M l.62E~Ot l.57E-05 No. 3 Injection Test 63-72.5 D&M 5.30E+OO 5.13E-06 No. 3 Injection Test 72.5-92.5 D&M 3.20E+OC 3.09E-06

Table l.5.3.1-2 Summary* of H)*draulic Properties

• Boring/Well White Mesa Mill (continued) lntenal Document Hydraulic Conductivity Hydraulic Conductivity Location Test Type (ft. - rt.> Referenced (ft./yr.) (cm./sec.)

No. 3 Injection Test 925-1075 D&M 4.90E+OO 474E-06 No 3 ln.1ection re-,t 122 5-142 D&M 6.00ErOI 5 80f-07 Nu 9 lnJectiun lest 275-42 'i D&M 2 70E..-OO 2.61 E-06

'Jo 9 Injection Test 42 5-59 D&M 2 OOE..-00 I CJJ E-Oo No 9 Injection Test 59.*:2.5 D&M 7.00Lt-01 6 771:-07 No. 9 Injection Test 82_5-107.5 D&M 1. IOE+OO I 06E-06 No 9 Injection Test IOL-132 D&M J.OOE+OI 2.90E-07 No. 12 Injection Test 37.5-~7 5 D&M 9_0IE-d)I 8.70[-07 Nu. 12 Injection rest 57.5-82.5 D&M I 40E+OO l.35E-06 No. 12 Injection Test 82_5-102.5 D&M 1.07E +O I I.OJE-05 No. 28 ljection Test 76-87.5 D&M 4.30[-,..0Q 4.16E-06 No. 28 Injection Test !P.5-107.5 D&M 3.00E+OI 2.90E-07 No. 28 Injection Test 107.5-132.5 D&M 2.00E+OI l.93E-07 WMMWI 17) Recovery 92-112 Peel (2) 3.00E +00 2.90E-06 WMMW3 (7) Recovery 67-87 Peel 2.97E .. oo 2.87E-06 WMr<.tW5 (7) Recovery 95.5-1335 H-E 1.31 E+OI I.27E-05 WMMW5 (7) Recovery 95.5-133.5 Peel 2.IOE.,..01 2.0JE-05 WMMWII (7) Recovery 90.7-130.4 H-E (3) 1.23E+03 l .19E-03 WMMWII (7) Single well drawdown 90.7-130.4 Peel 1.63E+03 I .58E-03 WMMWl2 (7) Recovery 84-124 H-E 6.84E+Ol 6.61 E-05 WMMW12 (7) Recovery 84-124 Peel 6.84E+OI 6.61 E-05 WMMW14 Single well drawdown 90-120 (5) H-E 1.21 E .. 03 I .16E-03 WMMWl4 Single well drawdown 90-120 (6) H-E 4.02E+02 3.88E-04 WMMWl5 Single well drawdown 99-129 H-E 3.65E+Ol 3 53E-05 WMMW15 (7) Recovery 99-129 Peel 2.58E+OI 2.49E-05 WMMWl6 Injection Test 28.5-31.5 Peel 9.42E+02 9. IOE-04 WMMW16 Injection Test 45.5-51.5 Peel 5.28E+OI 5.1 OE-05

Table 1.5.3.1-2 Summa11* of H)*draulic Properties

• Boring/Well White Mesa '.\1ill (continued) lnlenal Document H~t.lraulir (onduc1i,ily H)'draulic Conductivity Lontion Test T)pe (fl. - rt.) Referenced (ft.1 .. r.) (cm.lsec.)

WMMWl6 ln1c,11on rest 65 5- 71.5 Peel 8.0-:'F*OI 7 80E-05 WMMW16 lnJc,11011 lest 85 '-91.5 Peel ,OOF*I)( 2 90E-05 WMMW17 lnje,t1on Test 45-50 Peel 3 IOE+OO 3.00E-06 WMMWl7 Injection fest 90-95 Peel J.62E+OQ 3.50£-06 WMMW17 Injection Test 100-105 Peel 5.69E+OO 5 SOE.06 WMMW18 (n.JC(tJOn fi:sl 2 ~ -32 Peel I 14E+-02 1.IOE-04 W\1\1Wl8 Injection Test 85-90 Peel 2.69E*OI 2.60E-05 WMMW18 Injection rest 120-125 Peel 4 66£+00 4.50£-06 WMMWl9 Injection Ti:st 55-60 Peel 8.69E+-OO 8.-'0E-06 W\1MW19 lnje,11on Test 95-100 Peel 1.45E -oo I 40E-06 Geometric I 05E+-Ol I OIE-05 Mean Entrada NavaJO Sandstones WW-I Recovery D'Appolon1a (4) J.80E+02 3 67E-04 WW-I Multi-well drawdown D'Appolonia 4.66£..-02 4.SOE-04

\\o'W-1.2.3 Mult1-well drawdown D'Appolonia 4.24£+02 4. IOE-04 Geometric 4.22E..-02 4.08E-04 Mean

~

( IJ D&M

• Dames & Moore. Environmental Report. White Mesa Uranium Project. January, 1978 (2) Peel

• Ped En .. 1ronmental Services, UMETCO Minerals Corp., Ground Water Study, White Mesa Facility. June 1994.

{3) H*E"' H>dro-Enginecring, Ground-Water Hydrology at the White Mesa Tailings Facility. July. 1991.

(4) D' Appolonia. A~sessment of the Water Supply System. White Mesa Project. Feb. 1981.

(5) Early lest data.

(6) Late test data.

(7) Test data reanalyzed by TEC Adapted from: Table :!.2 H}drogeologic Evaluation .

Page 1--B Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Burro Canyon Sandstone Directly below the Dakota Sandstone. the borings encountered sandstones and random discontinuous shale layers of the Burru Canyon formation to depths of 91 to 141 feet below the site. The importance of this stratum to the site's hydrogeology is that it hosts perched water beneath the site.

Beneath the Burro Canyon formation. the Brushy Basin Member is composed of variegated bentonitic muJstone and siltstone; its permeability is lower than the overlying Burro Canyon formation and prevents downward percolation of groundwu.er (Haynes, et al, 1972). Observed plasticity of ciaystones (lJmetco. 1992) forming the Brushy Basin Member indicates low potential for open fractures which could increase permeability. Section 1.5.3.2 contains a summary of a drilling program carried out in response to agency requests to obtain additional hydrogeologic data .

• Previous investigators have seldom made a distinction bt:tween the Dakota and Burro Canyon Sandstones. However, examination of borehole cuttir ,;s, cores and geophysical logging methods has allowed separation of the two formations. Although similar to the Dakota, the Burro Canyon formation varies from a very fine- to coarse-grained sandstone. The sand grains are generally poorly sorted. The coarse-grained layers also tend to be cnnglomeratic. The grains are cemented with both silica and kaolin, but silica-cemented sandstones are dominant. The formation becomes argillaceous near the contact with the Brushy Basin Member.

The saturated thickness in the Burro Canyon formation varies across the project area from 55 feet in the northern section to less than 5 feet in the southern area. Some wells are dry, which suggests that the zone of saturation is not continuous. Saturation ceases or is marginal along the western and southern section of the project. The extent toward the east is not defined, but its maximum extent is certainly not beyond the walls of Westwater Creek and Corral Canyons where the Burro Canyon

• II .,t:SERS.MFMIWP'MRR'.RffLAMWM 96-.FNLDRAI-T,SfCTOI RPT\fcbrua,y 28, 1997

Page 1-44 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan fonnation crops out. Perched groundwater devations and saturated thickness of this fonnation are shown u,1 Figures l .5.3.1-4 and 1.5.3.1-5, respectively (from Hydrogeologic Evaluation Figures 2.4 and 2.5).

Hydraulic properties of this stratum have been determined from 12 single, well-pumping/recovery tests and from 30 packer tests. A summary of the hydraulic properties is given in Table 1.5.3.1-2 (Hydrogeologic Evaluation Table 2.2). These tests indicate the hydraulic conductivity geometric mean to he l .OE-05 cm/sec. The physical properties of the Burro Canyon Sandstone are swnmarized in Table 1.5.3. l-l. Based on the core samples tested, the sandstones of the Burro Canyon fonnation vary in total porosity from l.7 to 27.6 percent, the average being 16.0 percent. Volumetric water content in these sandstones ranges from 0.1 to 7.1 percent, averaging 2.2 percent, with the fine-

• graineJ materials having the higher moisture content. Porosities in the claystone layers vary from 16.4 to 29. l percent with saturation values ranging from 33.8 to 77.2 percent.

• It *IJSlRSIMFM\WP\MRR'Rffl.AMWM 96\FNI.DRAFTISECTOI RYf\Fcbruary 28. 1997

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Page 1-46 Revision I .0 Energy Fuds Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Brushy Basin Member The Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison formation is the first aquitard isolating perched water in the Burro Canyon formation from the productive Entrada/Navajo Sandstones. The Brushy Basin Member. in contrast to the overlying nakota Sandstone. is composed of bentonitic mudstone and claystone Li,nited site-specific hydraulic property data are available for the Brushy Basin Member.

The thickness of the Brushy Basin Member in this region reporkdly varies from 200-450 feet tDames & Moore. 1978). This stratum was penetrated by six water supply wells [see Figure 1.5.3.1-1 (Hydrogeologic Evaluation Figure 2. I ))and Appendix A of the Hydrogeologic Evaluation) and its thickness was estimated at 275 feet. Borings which terminate in the Brushy Basin Member

• encounter moderately plastic dark green to dark reddish-brown mudstones. Plastic bentonitic mudstone is not prone to develop fracturing. H~nce, competency of this strata, as an aquitard, is very likely.

Entrada/Navajo Aquifer Within and in proximity to the site, the Entrada/Navajo Sandstones are both prolific aquifers. Since site water wells are screened in both aquifers. they are, from a hydrogeologic standpoint, treated as a single aquifer. The Entrada/Navajo Sandstone is the first useable aquifer of significance documented within the project area. This aquifer is present at depths between 1.200 and 1,800 feet below the surface and is capable of delivering from 150 to 225 gpm of water per well (D'Appolonia, 1981 ).

• H ,l:SERS\MfM\ WP'MRR\RECLAMWM 96\FNl.DRAFl\SECTO I .RPr.Fcbrua,y 28. 1997

Page 1-~7 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Water is present under artesian pressure and is documented to rise by about 800 to 900 feet above the top of Entrada/Navajo Sandstone cnntact with the overlying Summerville formation. The static water level is about 400 to 500 feet below the surface (Figures 1.5.3.1-2 and 1.5.3.1-3 ). Section 1.5.6.4. provides a more detailed discussion regarding the artesian conditions of this formation.

The thickness of the strata separating this aquifer from water present in the Burro Canyon fonnation is about 1.200 feet. This confining layer is competent enough to maintain pressure of 900 feet of water or 390 pounds per square inch (psi) within the Entrada/Navajo Aquifer.

The positioning of this :*quifor ..md its hydraulic head versus other strata is shown on Figures 1.5.3.1-2 and 1.5.3.1-3. In-situ hydraulic pressure of groundwater in the Entrada/Navajo Aquifer is strong

• evidence of the confining ( i.e. "aquitard") properties of the overlying sedimentary section. Due to the presence of significant artesian pressure in this aquifer. any future hydraulic communication between perched water in the Burro Canyon formation and the Entrada/Navajo Aquifer is unlikely.

1.5.3.2 Data Collected in 1994 This subsection cont.iins a summary of a 1994 drilling program carried out in response to a request by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and th U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to further investigate the competence of the Brushy Basin member of the Morrison fonnation and to provide additional hydrogeologic data. Three vertical and four angle core holes were drilled.

• H 1lJSERS1MfM\Wl"MRR',RECI.AMWM Q61FNI.DRAI-T SECTOJ RPT,Fchruary 28, 1997

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Page 1-50

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

Whit-: \ ks~ Mill Reclamation Plan The three ,ertical holes ( WMMW-20, WMMW-2 t. and WMMW-~~) \\l*re drilled do\\ngraJient of the existing monitoring wells. Constant head packer tests were conducted over intervals within the Brushy Basin member to gain infonnation about the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of this unit.

Scleded cores samples of the Brushy Basin member were analyzed for vertical hydraulic conductivities. The three vertical holes were drilled to sufficient depth to penetrate 20+/- feet of Brushy Basin Member. Four core holes were drilled along the edge of tailings ponds No. 3 and No.

4. The cores were examined to determine if open fractures were present. Few fractures were observed. and where noted. they were closed and infilled with gypsum. Packer tests were conducted during the drilling of the holes to gain further infonnation about the h} . .lraulic conductivity of the rocks.

• Upon completion of drilling, all the geotechnical holes were logged using wireline geophysi ti methods. A video camera survey was perfonned in three of the four core holes. The holes were then plugged and abandoned.

Selected cores of the Brushy Basin from all the holes were sent for laboratory measurement of the vertical permeability. The results of these tests are presented in Table 1.5.3.2-1. The hydraulic conductivities calculated from these tests vary from 7. IOE-06 cm/sec to 8.90E-04 cm/sec in the Dakota formation. from 9.88E-07 cm/sec to 7.iOE-04 cm/sec in the Burro Canyon fonnatiun and from '.2.30E-07 cm/sec to 1.91 E-06 cm/sec in the Brushy Basin member. Thr . . e packer tests run v.ithin the Brushy Basin member yielded "No Take." Uue to the iow hydraulic conductivities, measurements could not be made with the equipment available. The hydraulic conductivities of these zones can be expected to be lower than the zones in which actual m~asurements were made.

It can. therefore, be assumed that the hydraulic conductivities of these zones are less than 2.JOE-07

• II *t;SfRS\MfM\WJ>\MRR,RECIAMWM 96\FNI.Dl<.AFT'SEC'TOI RPTIFcllrullr} 28, 1997

Page 1-51 Revi"ion 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan cm/sec. Packer tests tend to reflect horizontal hydraulic conductivities which can be expected to be greater than vertical hydraulic conductivities of the same zone.

Slug tests vvere rnnducted in wells WMMW-20 and WMMW-22. The test results are shown in Table 1.5.3.2-1. A hydraulic conductivity of 3.14E-06 cm/sec was calculated for WMMW-20 and 9.88E-07 cm/sec (essentially l .OE-06 cm/sec) for WMMW-22.

Cores from the Brushy Basin were sent to Western Engineers of Grand Junction, Colorado for horizontal and vertical permeability determination. The results of these tests are shown on Table 1.5.3.2-2. The vertical hydraulic conductivities of the cores vary from 5.95E-04 to 7.28E-l l cm/sec.

The geometric mean of the vertical permeabilities is l .23E-08 cm/sec .

• For the few analyses conducted for horizontal permeabilities, the results ranged from l .09E-07 to

6. l 4E- l O cm/sec and the geometric mean of these values was calculated to be 6. 72E-09 cm/sec.

Packer tests were conducted over zones within the Dakota, Burro Canyon and Brushy Basin units.

The cores and video surveys of the drill holes showed that the few closed hairline fractures present in the Burro Canyon and Dakota Formations do not substantially affect the hydraulk conductivity of the formations.

• U IIJSERSIMfM\WP\MRRIRECLAMWM.96\FNLDRAt'l',SEC'TOI RPl\February 28. 1997

• L-\BLE I. 5. 3.2- l Summar} of Borehole lests. l 99~ Drilling Program White Mesa Project. San Juan CoW1ty. L'tah Hydraulic Conductivity Hydraulic Conductivity W~ll 'io Interval Type of Test Fonnation gpdft'.2 cm sec IA\tMW-20 110.5-114.5 Constant Head Brushy Basin 0.005 2.30E-07 M7.0-90.0 Slug Burro Canyon 0.015 5.29E-06

~\.1MW-21 109.5-117.0 Conc:ant Head Brushy Ba.sir 0.17 8.15E-06 WMMW-22 lJ0.0-140.0 Constant Head Brushy Basin -No Take-76-120 Slug Burro Canyon 0.06 3.14E-06 GH-94-1 .>4.0-40 0 Constant Head Dakota 0.16 7. lOE-06 40 -50.0 Constant dead Dakota 1.18 5.60E-OS 70.0-80.0 Constant Head Burro Canyon 0.01 9.88E-07 92.0-100 Constant Head Burro Canyon 13.1 6.20E-04 103.0-110.0 Constant Head Burro Canyon 15.84 7.70E-04 130.0-140.0 Constant Head Brushy Basin 3.6 l.70E-04 163.0-165.0 Constant Head Brushy Basin -No Take-GH-94-2A 34.0-40.0 Constant Head Dakota 0.66 3. IOE-OS 32.S-40.0 Constant Head Dakota 18.72 8.90E-04 50.0-56.0 Constant Head Dakota 2.30 l. lOE-04 60.0-70.0 Constant Head Burro Canyon 1.04 4 90E-0S 70.0-80.0 Constant Head Burro Canyon 4.18 2 OOE-04 80.0-90.0 Constant Head Burro Canyon 3.02 I ..SOE-04 138.0-144.0 Constant Head Brushy Basin -No Take-GH-94-3 l.S.S.0-161.0 Constant Head Brush) Basin 0.07 3.26E-06 138.0-144.0 Constant Head Brushy Basin 0.06 2.70E-06

• Well :-.Jo.

f..\BLE J .5.3.2-2 Results of Laboratory Tests Interval Tesred (ft) Fom1ation Tested Venical Permeabilities cm: sec

\\ \I\IW-20 t):? 0-92 5 Brushy Basin 7.96E-I I 95.4-96.0 Brushy Basin 2.96E-09 I04.0-104.4 Brushy Basin 2.43E-09 105.0-105.5 Brushy Basin 7.:?SE-11 I09.5-110.0 Brushy Basin l.02E-09 WMMW-21 94.8-95.3 Brushy Basin 5.78E-06 106.5-107.0 Brushy Basin 6.38E-IO 114.5-115.0 Brushy Basin l.46E-07 WMMW-22 122.:?-122.7 Brushy Basin I.OSE-06 126.3-127.2 Brushy Basin 6.94E-IO 133.3-133.7 Brushy Basin 2. I lE-09

• GH-1 GH-2A 137.3-137.8 163.0-163.5 165.0-165.5 161.0-161.5 Brushy Basin Brushy Basin Brushy Basin Brushy Basin 5.95E-04 l.68E-08 6.76E-07 6.73E-09 GJ-f-3 157.0-157.5 Brushy Basin 9.42E-10 GH-4 158.0-158.5 Brushy Basin 2.l 7E-09 Horizonal Penneabilities Well No. Interval Tested (ft) Formation Tested cm/sec WMMW-20 95.4-96.0 Brushy Basin l.09E-07 lu5 .0- l OS .S Brushy Basin 6.14E-IO WMMW-21 94.8-95.3 Brushy Basin 8.JlE-10 WMMW-22 137.3-137.8 Brushy Basin 3.67E-08

Page 1-54 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

\.\bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.5.4 Cljmatoio~i~al S~ttin~

The climate of southeastern Utah is classifo.:d as dry to arid continental. The region is generally typified by wann summer and cold winter temperatures, with precipitation averaging less than 11.8 inches annually and evapotranspiration in the range of 61. 5 inches annually ( Dames and Moore.

1978).

Precipitation in southeastern Utah is characterized by "'ide variations in seasonal and annual rainfall and by long periods of no rainfall. Short duration summer stonns furnish rain in small areas of a few square miles and this is frequently the total rainfall for an entire 1uonth within a given area. The average annual precipitation in the region ranges from less than 8 inches at Bluff to more than 16

• inches on the eastern flank of the AbaJo Mountains, as recorded at Monticel! ). The mountain peaks i !1 the Henry, La Sal and Abajo Mountains may receive more than 30 inches of precipitation. but these areas are very small in comparison to the vast area of much lower precipitation in the region 1.5.5 Perched QrQWlfJ...w'1tcr Characteristics The perched water in the Burro Canyon fonnation originates in the areas north of the site as shown by the direction of groundwater flow from north to south (see Figure 1.5.5-1). The thickness of saturation is greatest in the northern and central sections of the site and reduces toward the south.

The configuration of the perched water table and map of saturated thicknesses are provided on Figures 1.5.5-l and 1.5.5-2, respectively. The topography of the Brushy Basin Member which defines the bottom of the perched water is shown on Figure l .5.5-3 (Hydrogeologic Evaluation Figure 2.6).

• H *USERS MFM\WP'MRR\RECl.AMWM 96\f"Nl.DRAFT\SECTOI RPT\Februa,y 28, 1997

Page 1-55

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White ~fesa Mill Reclamation Plan The groundwater from the Burw Canyon formation Jischarges into the adjacent canyons (Westwater Creek and Corral Canvon) as evidenced by springs and productive vegetation patterns. Some part of the groundwater flow may enter the Brushy Basin Member via relief fractures which occur in dose proximity to the ~anyons. The location of the canyons which bound the White Mesa on the west. east and south are shown on Figure 1.5.3-1.

The geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity of the saturated part of Burro Canyon formation is l .OE-05 cm/sec. The water yield per well is very low. as documented by nine pumping tests, and is typically below 0.5 gpm. In contrast to the very lf'*v pumping rates observed in eight wells, Well WMMW-11 produced a higher yield on the order of 2 gpm. This higher yield may be attributable to the presence of localized high-permeability material, such as a tense of coarser material acting as

• a drainage g..tllery. Localized fracturing could also cause a similar effect, but few fractures have been documented during drilling of this or other wells (Umetco, 1992; Dames & Moore, 1978).

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'.\lonitoring \\'ell and (;round Water Ele,*ation Data White Mesa l'ranium Mill

• Well Name Date Installed Total Depth Perforations Date Water Level Depth (rt.)

Elevation (ft.-MSL)

Measuring Point Above LOS (ft.)

Elevation (ft.-MSL)

WMMW-1 Sep-79 I 17' 92'-112' 11 19 192 75.45 5572.77 2.0 5648.22 WMMW-2 Sep-7Q 128.8' 85'-125' 11 19/92 110.06 5503.43 1.8 5613 49

'wi\lMW-3 Sep-79 98' 67'-87' l l,*19/92 83.74 5471.58 2.0 5555.32 WMMW-4 Sep- 79 123.6' Q2'-12' 11 19'92 92.42 5530.15 1.6 5622.57 WMMW-5 May-80 136' 95 5'- IJJ .5' 11 19 92 108.32 0.6 5609.33 WMMW-6 May-80 fhis well was destroyed during construction of Cell 3.

WMMW-7 Ma)-80 This well was destroyed during construction of Cell 3 WMMW-8 May-80 This "ell was destroyed during construction of Cell 3.

WMMW-11 Oct-82 135' QO. 7'-130.4' I l ')9/92 102.53 5508. ::5 2.4 561108 WMMW-12 Oct-82 130.J' 84'-124' 11 19/92 109.68 5499.77 0.9 5609.45 WMMW-13 Oct-82 118.5' fhis well was destroyed during construction of Cell 4A.

WMMW-14 ~ep-89 129.1' 90'-120' 1119192 105.34 5491.05 0.0 55%.39 WMMW-15 Sep-89 IJ8' 99'-129' l lil9i92 108.28 5490.34 0.8 5598.62 WMMW-16 Dec-92 915' 78.5'-88.5' 7/12/92 Dry 1.5 WMMW-17 Dec-92 110' 90'-100' 1130192 87.56 1.5 WMMW-18 Dec-92 148.5' IOJ.5'-133.5' 11/30/92 92.11 1.5 WMMW-19 Dec-92 149' )01'-131' 101 I \92 85.00 1.5

1. 9-1 May-80 33 5' 10'-30' 3/4/91 Dry 1.8 5622.83

1. 9-2 May-80 62.7' 39.7"-59.7" J/4/91 Dry 2 5622.58 lil0-2 May-80 335' l) .3'-31.3' 3/4;'91 Dry 2 5633.58 6) ')'

"10-2 May-80 -*- 39.2'-59.2' 3/4/91 Dry 2.1 5633.39 Notes:

I. Well locations provided on Figure 1.5 3-1.

2. LOS= leak detection S)stem.

J. t'!.-MSL "'feet* rnean sea levd.

• .dapted from: Table 2.3, Hydrogeologic Evaluation

Page 1-60 Re\*ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

\\'bite ~h:sa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.5.5. l Perched Water Quality Groundwater monitoring of the Burro Canyon fom1ation saturated zone has been conducted at the White Mesa facility since 1979. Table 1.5.5-1 (Hydrogeologic Evaluation Table 2.3) provide~ a list of wells that have been **onstructed for monitoring purposes at the facility. Figure 1.5.3.1-1 indicates the locations of thest :lls. The water quality data obtained from th.:se weJls are provided hoth in tabular and graphica, rm in Appendix B of the Hydrogeologic Evaluatior., with more recent data in the Semi-annual Etlluent Report for July throuah December 1995 and the Semi-aooual Effluent Report for January throuah June 1925 (Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc).

Examination of the spatial distribution and temporal trends (or lack thereof) in concentrations of

• analyzed constituents provides three significant conclusions:

I. The quality of perched water throughout the site shows no discernible pattern in variation.

-* The water is generally of poor quality [moderately high values of chloride, sulfate, and totally dissolved solids (TDS)]. and

3. An1lytical results show that operations at the White Mesa Uranium Mill have not impacted the quality of the perched water of the Burro Canyon formation.

To arrive a these conclusions, comparisons of the water chemistries from the various wells were analyzed in the Hydrogeologic Evaluation by graphical techniques. The purpose of the comparisons was to determine if trends in chloride, which would be associated with water from the tailings ponds,

• II 1l!SERS\MFM\Wf>IMRR1RECLAMWM 96\FNLORAn'\SECTOI RPl'.february 28, 1997

Page l-61 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan were increasing in the perched water of the Burro Canyon formation. The trilinear plot and the Stiff diagram were used u conduct a preliminary evaluation of differences or similarities in water quality data between wells. The following is a summary of the conclusions drawn in the Hydrogeologic Evaluation.

Temporal and Spatial Variations The trilinear plots and Stiff diagrams presented in the Hydrogeologic Evaluation (Figures 2. 7-2. l O) show that the water from all wells is of the sulfate (anion) type. The cation definition of the water type is variable. Of the 13 wells analyzed for water chemistry, four fall in the calcium-sulfate type category, four fall in the (sodium plus potassium)-sulfate type, two samples classify as the

• magnesium-sulfate type. Five samples have no dominant cation type. However, these five samples tend to classify more closely to the (sodium plus potassium)-sulfate and calcium-sulfate types.

The spatial variability of water quality data within the Burro Canyon formation is illustrated on Hydrogeologic Evaluation Figures 2. 7 through 2.13, and the data Tabled in Appendix B of the Hydrogeologic Evaluation. Upgradient Monitoring Wells WMMW-1, WMMW-18, and WMMW-19 varied in sulfate concentrations from 676 to 1736 milligrams per liter (mg/I). Likewise, chloride concentrations in these wells varied from 12 to 92 mg/I. Across the site, sulfate and chloride concentrations vary with no discernible pattern to the variations. Details regarding chemistry of the Burro Canyon formation water can be found in Appendix B of the Hydrogeologic Evaluation.

Variability of water within the Burro Canyon fonnation is the result of slow moving to nearly stagnant groundwater flow beneath the site. These conditions are likely leading to dissolution of minerals from the Brushy Basin Member and the formation of sulfate-dominated waters.

• JI llJSERSIMFMIWP',MRR\RECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAIT,SECTOI RPT\Fcbruary 28. 1997

Page 1-6~

Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Statistical Analysis Bec.:ause of t'.1e variable groundwater chemistry in the Burro Canyon fonnation baseline data.

comparison of individual well groundwater chemistries tc a single background groundwater well is not an appropriate method of monitoring potential disposal cell leakage or groundwater impacts.

Water quality baseline and comparisons to that baseline established on a well-by-well basis has been proposed in the POC, as this method will best provide a meaningful representation of changes in groundwater chemistry.

Based on a review of water quality data gathered from 1979 through I 992, which are presented in the Hydrogeologic Evaluation. and considering the apparent variability of chemical composition of

• perched water and the absence of any impact from operations, EFN proposes to apply. an intra-well approach for assessing water quality trends. This approach, described in Appendix C, the Points of Compliance (POC) report (Titan, 1994), involves determination of background concentrations for a number of selected wells.

1.6 GEOLOGY The following text is copied, with minor revisions, from the Environmental Report (Dames and Moore, 1978b) (ER). The text has been duplicated herein for ease of reference and to provide background information concerning the site geology. ER Suhsections used in the following text are shown in parentheses immediately following the subsection titles.

The site is near the western margin of the Blanding Basin in southeastern Utah and within the Monticello uranium-mining district. Thousands of feet of multi-colored marine and non-marine

• II VSERS\MFM\WP',MRR'RffLAMWM96\fNLORAIT*.S~CTOI RPTifebrua,y 28, 1997

Page 1-63 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

\\'bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan sedimentary rocks have been uplifted and warped. and subsequent erosion has carved a spectacular landscape for which the region is famous. Another unique feature of the region is the wide-spread presence of unusually large accumulations of uranium-bearing minerals.

I .6.1 Re~ional Geolo~y The following descriptions of regional physiography; rock units; and structure and tectonics are reproduced from the ER for ease of reference and as a review of regional geology.

1.6.1. l Physiography (ER Section 2.4. l. l)

• The project site is within the Canyon Lands section of the Colorado Plateau physiographic province.

To the north, this section is distinctly bounded by the Book Cliffs and Grand Mesa of the Uinta Basin; western margins are defined by the tectonically controlled High Plateaus section, and the southern boundary is arbitrarily defined along the San Juan River. The eastern boundary is less distinct where the elevated surface of the Canyon Lands section merges with the Southern Rocky Mountain province.

Canyon Lands has undergone epeirogenic uplift and subsequent major erosion has produced the region's characteristic angular topography reflected by high plateaus, mesas, buttes, structural benches. and deep canyons incised into flat-laying sedimentary rocks of pre-Tertiary age. Elevations range from approximately 3,000 feet (914 meters) in the bottom of the deeper canyons along the southwestern margins of the section to more than 11,000 feet (3,353 meters) in the topographically anomalous laccolithic Henry, Abajo and La Sal Mountains to the northeast. Except for the deeper

• U 'USERS,MfM\WPIMRR\RfCLAMWM 961FNLDRAFT\SECTOI RYNcbruary 28. 1997

Page 1-64 Re\'ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan canyons and isolated mountain peaks, an average elevation in excess of 500 feet ( 1.524 meters) persists over most of the Canyon Lands section.

On a more localized regional basis, the project site is located near the v. *<;tern edge of the Blanding Basin. sometimes referred to as the Great Sage Plain (Eardly, 1958 ), lying east of the north-south trending Monument Uplift. south of the Abajo Mountains and adjacent to the northwesterly-trending Paradox Fold and Fault Belt (Figure 1.6-1). Topographically, the Abajo Mountains are the most prominent feature in the region, rising more than 4,000 feet ( 1,219 meters) above the broad, gently rolling surface of the Great Sage Plain.

The Great Sage Plain is a structural slope, capped by the resistant Burro Canyon fonnation and the

• Dakota Sandstone. almost horizontal in an east-west direction but descends to the south with a regional slope of about 2,000 feet (610 meters) over a distance of nearly 50 miles (80 kilometers).

Though not as deeply or intricately dissected as other parts of the Canyon Lands, the plain is cut by numerous narrow and vertical-walled south-trending valleys I 00 to more than 500 feet (30 to 152+

meters) deep. Water from the intennittent streams that drain the plain flow southward to the San Juan River. eventually joininr the Colorado River and exiting the Canyon Lands section through the Grand Canyon.

1.6.1.2 Rock Units (ER Section 2.4.1. I)

The sedimentary rocks exposed in southeastern Utah have an aggregate thickness of about 6,000 to 7,000 feet (1,829 to 2,134 meters) and range in age from Pennsylvanian to Late Cretaceous. Older unexposed rocks are known mainly from oil well drilling in the Blanding Basin and Monument Uplift. These wells have encountered correlative Cambrian to Permian rock units of markedly

• U'.lJSERS1MFMIWP',MRR'iRECLAMWM 961FNLDRAFT,SECTOI RP'f'.fcbruary 28, 1997

Page 1-65

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan differing tli1ckncsses but averaging over 5,000 feet (1,524 meters) in total thickne;;s (Witkind. 1964).

Most of the wells drilled in the region have bottomed in the Pennc;ylvanian Paradox Member of the Hermusa formation. A generalized stratigraphic section of rock units ranging in age from Cambrian through Jurassic and Triassic (?), as determined from oil-well logs, is shown in Table 1.6-1.

Descriptions of the younger rocks, Jurassic through Cretaceous, are based on field mapping by various investigators and are shown in Table 1.6-2.

Paleozoic rocks of Cambrian. Devonian and Mississippian ages are not exposed in the southeastern Utah n.:gion. Most of the geologic knowledge regarding these rocks was learned from the deeper oil wells c' tiled in the region, and from exposures in the Grand Canyon to the southwest and in the Uinta and Wasatch Mountains to the north. A few patches of Devonian rocks are exposed in the San

• Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado. These Paleozoic rocks are the result of periodic transgressions and regressions of epicontinental seas and their lithoJogies reflect a variety of depositional environments.

In general, the coarse-grained feldspathic rocks overlying the Precambrian basement rocks grade upward into shales, limestones and dolomites that dominate the upper part of the Cambrian.

Devonian and Mississippian dolomites, limestones and interbedded shales unconformably overlay the Cambrian strata. The complete absence of Ordovician and Silurian rocks in the Grand Canyon, Uinta Mountains, southwest Utah region and adjacent portions of Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona indicate that the region was probably epeirogenically positive during these times.

The oldest stratigraphic unit that crops out in the region is the Hennas fonnation of Middle and Late Pennsylvanian age. Only the uppermost strata of this fonnation are exposed, the best exposure being in the canyon of the San Juan River at the "Goosenecks" where the river traverses the crest of the

• tf -.vsERSiMfM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM 96\f'NLDRAfl',SECTOI RPl'\f'ebruary 28, 1997

Page 1-66 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Monument uplift. Other exposures are in the breached centers of the Lisbon Valley, Moab and Castle Valley anticlines. The Paradox Member of the Hermosa formation is sandwiched between a relatively thin lower unnamed member consisting of dark-gray shale siltstone, dolomite, anhydrite.

and limestone. and an upper unnamed member of similar lithology but having a much greater thicknes.:,. Composition of the Paradox Member is dominantly a thick sequence of interbedded slat (halite), anhydrite, gypsum, and black shale. Surface exposures of the Paradox in the Moab and Castle Valley anticlines are limited to contorted residues of gypsum and black shale.

Conformably overlying the Hermosa is the Pennsylvanian and Permian (?) Rico formation, composed of interbedded reddish-brown arkosic sandstone and gray marine limestone. The Rico represents a transition zone between the predominantly marine Hermosa and the overlying

• continental Cutler formation of Permian age.

Two members of the Cutler probably underlying the region south of Blanding are, in ascending order. the CPdar Mesa Sandstone and the Organ Rock Tongue. The Cedar~ fesa is a white to pale reddish-brown, massive, cross-bedded, fine-to medium-grained eolian sandstone. An .:regular fluvial sequence of reddish-brown fine-grained sandstones, shaly siltstones and sandy shales comprise the Organ Rock Tongue.

The Moenkopi formation, of Middle (?) and Lower Triassic age, unconformably overlies the Cutler strata. It is composed of thin, evenly-bedded, reddish to chocolate-brown, ripple-marked, cross-laminated siltstone and sandy shales with irregular beds of massive medium-grained sandstone.

A thick sequence of complex continental sediments known as the Chinle formation unconformably overlies the Moenkopi. For the purpose of making lithology correlations in oil wells this formation

• H \USERS\Mf"M\WP\MRRIRH'LAMWM 96\FNLDRAl-1"\SEC ro1 RP1'February 28, 1997

Page 1-67 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan is divided into three units: The basal Shinarump Member. the Moss Back Member and an upper undivided thick sequence of variegated reddish-brown, reddish- to greenish-gray. yellowish-brown to light-brown bentonitic claystones, mudstones, sandy siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and limestones. The basal Shinarump is dominantly a yellowish-grey, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone and conglomerate characteristically filling ancient stream channel scours eroded into the Moenkopi surface. Numerous uranium deposits have been located in this member in the White Canyon mining district to the west of Comb Ridge. The Moss Back is typically composed of yellowish- to greenish-grey. fine- to medium-grained sandstone, conglomeratic sdndstone and conglomerate. It commonly comprises the basal unit of the Chinle where the Shinarump was not deposited, and in a like manner, fills ancient stream channels scoured into the underlying unit.

• H ,IJSERS'.MFM',WPIMRR,RECLAMWM 96 FNI.DRAF1'SECTOI RJ>l'February 211. 1997

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\""

\ .

I I ii

..,. i )J .J.JAN 1,  ; ~/

,{7 I

1, I I A!lll1%0NA I I 'I I '

I I

L F:GwRE :.~.i

,,~ 5'40.,..,_. 11'l"'GE OF " '

• r* ~

"NO O:!Pl!C: TloP, Of' 01ft

"""Gi.41! ~'* ~e Of' 11,"e

,1, Tec.tol"1ie, i,..,de, Map

-*1** !1.,0 Ol~TION

,,.,.,.,,a.,i<<

CJ",....,,._

5"0""'- 11U.Ge Of' """'"

- i !I.IC Oill£GT*OO, O f ' ~

TABLE, 6-*

GE~ER.AL. ZED STAA TIGAAPHIC SECTION OF SlJBSi..RFACE ROCKS &lSED :;,. :1L ~E .... OGS

.\fter Stollff. 196'. Wrtund. 19M. Huff Ind Lt1ure. 1995. Jonnaon and Thordarson 1968)

• Jur1H1C and StrallgfephlC Unit g~__Canyon Group:

Nav,;o Sandatone Thonna*

(ft.)

300.400 Buff to light gray, /NIIMt, c:totl-bedded. friable Tna111C (?) aandA)nt Tna111e (?) 100

• 150 Reddiah-brown sandstone Ind mudltone Ind occa*~ conglOmOnlll llnNI 250

• 350 ~ . rnallive. CtOll-oedded, 1ned undtfone Chirul FonnaUon:

Undivldld eoo- 100 0-100 0 *20 Y ~ . ftne I O ~ undllone:

c:o,iglamwtle *ldltone Ind COligtonwl.

---~-----------unconformilr-----------------*

Middle (?) and 50

• 100 Lowe, Ttllllie

• --------------~unconformilr-------------~---*

Culler FOffllllloft:

OrganRodlMllnber CedlrMIM SandllonlMllnber

o. eoo 1100

• 1400 Reddillll-btown. lendy mucteton1

~ . ff\llllNe, tine I D ~

undllone Ra FOl'ffllllon RN Ind gray Cllcal'loul. Mndy ....._: gray 11m11.-. Ind *ldllone 1000

• 1200 1200 200

---

~------u~----------------*

......ppian 500 wtllel mtin tuaW '1 Cl)ICla.11 ........

~UT;111ane 100 Ligtll grar Ind .... .., bedded liT1 ........ and domll9 200 ~ and lnwn . . . . . and flm11u.ie Wilt lhin bedlt'W ..............

---

UN>DI~----------------*

• eoo

ERA SYSTEM SEAIES STRA TIGAAPMIC THICKNESS" LITHOLOGY (Ap) UNIT (ft) si. watt. - . and rock r\lbllle 111ng1ng I Collwlum MCI Tllul O

• 15+ *froffl ColltllN Ind..,._. tom.....,. blockt Holocane ' ,.,..,, hffl cllll and Nerope fl NIMWII rock

. QUATEANARY I IO i---------+-----,.:.==-:=.e:..==.;=:.==""'-'=.:..:..::==:..:.:::=-

i Pllillocw Aeddlltl-brown to ligfll<<own. uncOMOlidllttd .

........ IOrtad III IO medium.....,_ Nnd:

0 *22* - ~ Cefflenltd with Caliche In tome erN.

l9WIDflcN P!!!!r by WIiier Gray to dMl...y. IIMile. ttttn-ludNd manne 0-11(7) 'lftllle wlh ta1111"4aue -,Mty llmeatone in IOMI . . . .

u.,,., lligtll y a \ ~ to llgl'II gray~.

I~

~ ...........

Ij 30.75

'thick ....... ID Cl'IIN btdded ..........

I 'COftllofflerllllie ........... ~ -

- - - . . , ~ cllyllone and

, CRETACEOUS I

I 1ifflpure coal; local COlifM ...., conglom.,....

i

~-- J. -

1 Uncontannly - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I

.Ligtll...., and llgl'll-&wawn. maNIW and

:. . 1 I ,,... btddlll conglomeralic .-one Ind I i """' Canyon '°""*" I 50

• 150 ilU1111dd1d...,. and A..-i mudleone; i ~ Containe lf*I dllconlinUOI* Nde f/1 1liliclltd WdlUFe and liffl...,_ ,,_ top.

I .

I I I- - - - - - - - ,-1----:1--. 1. UncollfDnnly (?)--+,-------------------

' v......... l'IY, *

• ar*n rl lldl1t'Mlrown.

1a11n Mlmber II 200. e, ;and put,ie a.ntonlic muctllone and lillltone

• COflllllnifll "*' ~ Nl'IIIIIIOM Ind I , com*".,...,...

I I w~~ I 1'

....... 11 *** , . . . . . and~to I 1 1 --

!1:lt--------1-----....,::,"=..

o. 250 - ~ . h- to CCIUf'M1l'lin8d - -

.., ***** and 11*111t1-traY to reddt1Nnwn

..... andlll ........

~;:&..:.~.=.~.=...=.~dtltl:.:.::...,ay=:~.~llgl'll--tnwn--flne.to--.

. I ~ Member I

O

• 200 I"'..,.....,...* dUane and Nddl11h,tray I ' I ,I/Ix w,f NndV clffllOM. --

i IU.,,.,

I I .............. Mtl-bfownto-

.JlftNC 1

i Ill WMOI MlfflNr .

1 I

o . 350

.----and .......

,r1 lldfl"-tlnlwft ......... to conglomertic muatone.

and reddietl-tfwy I

W- 1 Unconfamlly-:- - - - -

,Whlla I D ~ . m...iv..

I I ......... I 0-150+

croee b 1dd1 d* . , . to mtdM#n....,_ eollarl iI IYfflmervlle ,Thin l11dll1d. ,...,...... radllt11M1rown

!JI F°""*" 25

• 125 myddy 111"4111 and undV lftllle. ie

1 .;.~~-~---+~~~----~~~~~~~~~--

'!:. Ii iJJ I !~-.,__ 190* 1M> Rtddl11'Mnwn CNIN to~.

blillllll, llne-tomtdluffl 11nc111011e .

mwtw.

..-----,,I i ,l~lleddldrad*11'1-0nM11m~ '

JuraNC

' Cemlel '°'"'*" . 20

• HX>* 'undlloM 111d ~

Na ol l:nwft to 9'IY llmNIOM to~INle.

m.......,.. and,.......

wilh lclclll llin

Page 1-71

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Me,;a Mill Reclamation Plan In the 81.mding Basin the Glen Canyon Group consists of three formations which are, in .iscending order, the Wingate Sandstone. the Kayenta and the vajo Sandstone. All are conformable and their contacts are gradational. Commonly cropping out in sheer cliffs. the Late Triassic Wingate Sandstone is typically composed of~ uff to reddish-brown, massive, cross-bedded, well-sorted. fine-grained quartzose sandstone of eolian origin. Late Triassic (?) Kayenta is fluvial in origin and consists of reddish-brown, irregularly to cross-bedded sandstone. shaly sandstone and, locally. thin beds of limestone and conglomerate. Light yellowish-brown to light-gray and white, massive. cross-bedded, friable, fine- to medium-grained quartzose sandstone typifies the predominantly eolian Jurassic and Triassic('?) Navajo Sandstone.

Four formations of the Middle to Late Jurassic San Rafael Grour *.mconformably overly the Navajo Sandstone. These strata are composed of alternating marine and non-marine sandstones. shales and mudstones. In ascending order, the formations are the Carmel formation. Entrada Sa.,dstone, Summerville formation, and Bluff Sandstone. The Carmel usual1y crops out as a bench between the Navajo and Entrada Sandstones. Typically reddish-brown muddy sandstone and sandy mudstone, the Cannel locally contains thin beds of brown to gray limestone and reddish- to greenish-gray shale.

Predominantly eolian in origin, the Entrada is a massive cross-bedded fine- to medium-grained sandstone ranging in color from reddish-brown to grayish-white that crops out in cliffs or hummocky slopes. The Swnmerville is composed of regular thin-bedded, ripple-marked, reddish-brown muddy sandstone and sandy shale of marine origin and forms steep to gentle slopes above the Entrada.

Cliff-forming Bluff Sandston~ is present only in the southern part of the Monticello district thinning northward and pinching out near Blanding. It is a white to grayish-brown. massive, cross-bedded eolian sandstone.

• tl.llJSl:RSIMFMIWP\MRR'.RECl.AMWM 96\f,'NLDRAFTSECTOI RPT-Fcbruary 28, 1997

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• Revision 1.0 Energy FueL Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan In the southeastern Utah region the Late Jurassic Morrison fonnation has been divided in ascending order into the Salt Wash, Recapture, Westwater Canyon, and Brushy Basin Members. In general.

these strata are dominantly tluvial in origin but do contain lacustrine sediments. Doth the Salt Wash and Recapture consist of alternating mudstone and sandstone; the Westwater Canyon is chiefly sandstone with some sandy mudstone and daystone lenses. and the hcterogenuus Brushy Basin consists of vari~gated bentonitic mudstone and siltstone containing scattered thin limestone, sandstone. and conglomerate lenses. As strata of the Morrison formation are the oldest rocks exposed in the project area vidnity and are one of the two principal uranium-bearing formations in southeast Utah. the Morrison. as well as younger rocks, are described in more detail in Section 1.6.2.2.

• The Early Cretaceous Burro Canyon fonnation rests unconformably (?) on the underlying Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison formation. Most of the Burro Canyon consists of light-colored, massive, aoss-bedded fluvial conglomerate. conglomerate sandstone and sandstone. Most of the conglomerates are near the base. Thin. even-hedded, light-green mudstones are included in the formation and light-grey thin-bedded limestones are sometimes locally interbedded with the mudstones near the top of the formation.

Overlying the Burro Canyoo is the Dakota Sandstone of Upper Cretaceous age. Typical Dakota is dominantly yellowish-brown to light-gray, thick-bedded, quartLitic sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone with subordinate thin lenticular beds of mudstone, gray carbona~eous shale and, locally, thin seams of impure coal. The contact with the underlying Burro Canyon is unconformable whereas the contact with the overlying Mancos Shale is gradational from the light-colored sandstones to dark-grey to black shaly siltstone and shale.

• II 'tlJSERS\MfM\WP'.MRRIRECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFTISECTOI RPlifebruary 28, 1997

I-73 P..i!?,C Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Redamation Plan Upper Cretaceous ~1ancos Shale is exposed in the region surrounding the project vicinity but not within it. Where exposed and weathered, the shale is light-gray or yellowish-gray, but is dark. to olive-gray where fresh. Bedding is thin and well developed; much of it is laminated.

Quaternary alluvium within the project vicinity is of three types: alluvial silt, sand and gravels deposited in the stream channels; colluvium deposits of slope wash, talus, rock rubble and large displaced blocks on slopes below cliff faces and outcrops of resistant rock; and alluvial and windblown deposits of silt and sand. partially reworked by water, on benches and broad upland surfaces.

1.6.1.J Structure and Tectonics (ER Section 2.4. l .J)

• According to Shoemaker ( 1954 and 1956), structural features within the Canyon Lands of southeastern Utah may be classified into three main categories on the basis of origin or mechanism of the stress that created the structure. These three categories are: (I) structures related to large-scale regional uplifting or downwarping (epe11,igenic defonnation) directly related to movements in the basement complex (Monument Uplift and the Blanding Basin); (2) structures resulting from the plastic defonnation of thick sequences of evaporite deposits, salt plugs and salt anticlines, where the structural expression at the surface is not reflected in the basement complex (Paradox Fold and Fault Belt); and (3) structures that are fonned in direct response to stresses induced by magmatic intrusion including local laccolithic domes, <likes and stocks (Abajo Mountains).

Each of the basins and uplifts within the project area region is an asymmetric fold usual Iy separated by a steeply dipping sinuous mon0cline. Dips of the sedimentary beds in the basins and uplifts rarely exceed a few degrees except along the monocline (Shoemaker, 1956) where, in some

• ll llJSERS\MJ-'M\WP\MRRIRECLAMWM.96\FNLDRAFTSECTOI RP1'february 28, 1997

Page 1-7~

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan instances. the beds arc nearly vertical. Along the Comb Ridge monoclint:, the boundary between the

\,fonument Uplift and the Blanding Basin. approximately eight miles ( 12.9 kilometers) west of the project area, dips in the Upper Triassic Wingate sandstone and in the Chinle formation are more than 40 degrees to the east.

Structures in the crystalline basement complex in the central Colorado Plateau are relatively unknO\\'TI but where monoclines can be followed in Precambrian rocks they pass into steeply dipping faults. It is probable that the large monoclines in the Canyon Lands section are related to flexure of the layered sedimentary rocks under tangential comores~:l)n over nearly vertical normal or high-angle reverse faults in the more rigid Precambrian basement rocks (Kelley, 1955; Shoemaker, 1956; Johnson and Thordarson, 1966) .

• The MQnument Uplift is a north-trending. elongated, upwarped structure approximately 90 miles

( 145 kilometers) long and nearly 35 miles (56 kilometers) wide. Structural relief is about 3,000 teet (914 meters) (Kelley, 1955). Its broad crest is slightly convex tu the east where the Comb Ridge monocline defines the eastern boundary. The unifonn and gently descending western flank of the uplift crosses the White Canyon slope and merges into the Henry Basin (Figure 1.6-1 ).

East of the Monument Upli 1t. the relatively equidimensional Blanding Basin merges almost imperceptibly with the Parad,JA Fold and Fault Belt to the north, the Four Comers Platfonn to the southeast and the Defiance Uplift to the south. The basin is a shallow feature with approximately 700 feet (213 meters) of structural relief as estimated on top of the Upper Triassic rhinle fonnation by Kelley ( 1955), and is roughly 40 to 50 miles (64 to 80 kilometers) across. Gentle folds within the basin trend westerly to northwesterly in contrast to the distinct northerly orientation of the Monument Uplift.

• II llJSERS1MfMIWPIMRJl1RfCI.AMWM 961l-'NLDRAFT1SECTOI RPT\Fcbruary 28, 1997

Page J. 75

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Situated to the north of the Monument t:plift and Blending Basin is the most unique structural feature of the Canyon Lands section, the Paradox Fold and Fault Belt. This tectonic unit is dominated by northwest trending anticlinal folds and associated normal faults covering an area about 150 miles (241 kilometers) long and 65 miles ( I04 kilometers) wide. These anticlinal structures are associated with salt tlowagc from the Pennsylvanian Paradox Member of the Hermosa formation and some show piercement of the overlying younger sedimentary beds by plug-like salt intrusions (Johnson and Thordarson. 1966). Prominent valleys have been eroded along the crests of the anticlines where salt piercements have occurred or collapses of the central parts have resulted in intricate systems of step-faults and grabens along the anticlinal crests r1nd flanks.

The Abajo Mountains are located approximately 20 miles (32 kilometers) north of the project area

• on the more-or-less arbitrary border of the Blanding Basin and the Paradox Fold and Fault Belt

( Figure 1.6-1 ). These mountains are laccolithic domes that have been intruded into and through the sedimentary rocks by several stocks (Witkind, 1964). At least 31 laccoliths have been identified.

The youngest sedimentary rocks that have been intruded are those of Mancos Shale of Late Cretaceous age. Based on this and other vague and inconclusive evidence, Witkind (1964), has assigned the age of these intrusions tu the Late Cretaceous or early Eocene.

Nearly all known faults in the region of the project area are high-angle normal faults with displacements on the order of 300 feet (91 meters) or less (Johnson and Thordarson, 1966). The largest known faults within a 40-mile (64 kilometer) radius around Blanding are associated with the Shay graben on the north side of the Abajo Mountains and the Verdure graben on the south side.

Respe,tively. these faults trend northeasterly and easterly and can be traced for approximate distarn.:cs ranging from 21 to 34 miles (34 to 55 kilometers) accorrling to Witkind (1964 ). Maximum displa\:ements reported by Witkind on any of the faults is 320 feet (98 m~ters). Because of the

• If IUSERSIMFMIWP\MRRIRECLAMWM 96\fNLDRAfl\SF.CTOI RPT\Fcbruary 28, 1997

Page 1-76 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan extensions of Sha) and Verdure fault systems beyond the Abajo Mountains and other geologic evidence, the age of these faults is Late Cretaceous or post-( retaceous and antedate the laccolithic intrusions (Witkind, 1964 ).

A prominent group of faults is associated with the salt anticlines in the Paradox Fold and Fault Belt.

These faults trend northwesterly parallel to the anticlines and are related to the salt emplacement.

Quite likely, these faults are relief features due to salt intrusion or salt removal by solution (Thompson, 196 7). Two faults in this region, the Lisbon Valley fault associated with the Lisbon Valley salt anticline and the Moab fault at the southeast end of the Moab anticline have maximum

\'ertical displacements of at least 5,000 feet (1,524 meters) and 2,000 feet (609 meters), respectively.

and are probably associated with breaks in the Precambrian basement crystalline complex. It is

• possible that zones of weakness in the basement rocks represented by faults of this magnitude may be responsible for the beginning of salt flowage in the salt anticlines, and subsequent solution and removal of the salt by groundwater caused collapse within the salt anticlines resulting in the fonnation of grabens and local complex block faults (Johnson and Thordarson, 1966).

The longest faults in the Colorado Plateau are located some 155 to 210 miles (249 to 338 kilometers) west of the project area along the \\ estem margin of the High Plateau section. These faults have a north to northeast echelon trend, are nearly vertical and downthrown on the west in most places.

Major faults included in this group are the Hurrican,Toroweap-Sevier, Paunsaugunt, and Paradise faults. The longest fault. the Toroweap-Sevier, can be traced for about 240 miles (386 kilometers) and may have as much as 3,000 feet (914 meters) of displacement (Kelley, 1955).

From the later part of the Precambrian until the middle Paleozoic the Colorado Plateau was a relatively stable tectonic unit undergoing gentle epeirogenic uplifting and downwarping during

• H ll!SERS\MfMIWPI.MRR';RfCLAMWM 96\FNI.DRAffiSECTOI RPl\February 28, 1997

Page 1-77

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan which seas transgressed and regressed, depositing and then partially removing layers of sedimentary materials. This period of stability was interrupted by northeast-southwest tangential compression that began sometime during late Mississippian or early Pennsylvanian and continued intermittently into the Triassic. Buckling along the northeast margins of the shelf produced northwest-trending uplifts. the most prominent of which are the Uncompahgre and San Juan Uplifts, sometimes referred to as the Ancestral Rocky Mountains. Clearly. these positive features are the earliest marked tectonic con*rols that may have guided many of the later Laramide structures (Kelley, 1955).

Subsidence of the area southwest of the Uncompahgre Uplift throughout most of the Pennsylvanian led to the filling of the newly formed basin with an extremely thick sequence of evaporites and associated interbeds which comprise the Paradox Member of the Hermosa formation (Kelley, 1956).

• Following Paradox deposition, continental and marine sediments buried the evaporite sequence as epeirogenic movements shifted shallow seas across the region during the Jwassic, Triassic and much of the Cretaceous. The area underlain by the Paradox Member in eastern Utah and western Colorado is commonly referred to as the Paradox Basin (Figure 1.6-1 ). Renewed compression during the Permian initiated the salt anticlines and piercements, and salt flowage continued through the Triassic.

The Lara nide orogeny, lasting from Late Cretaceous through Eocene time, consisted of deep-~eated compressional and local vertical stresses. The orogeny is responsible for a north-south to northwest trend in the tectonic fabric of the region and created most of the principal basins and uplifts in the eastern-half of the Colorado Plateau (Grose, 1972; Kelley, 1955).

Post-Laramide epeirogenic deformation has occurred throughout the Tertiary; Eocene strata are flexed sharply in the Grand Hogback monocline, line-grained Pliocene deposits are tilted on the

• li.llJSERS\MFM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFnSE, 'TOI RPT\fcbruary 28, 1997

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• Rt!\ ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill R~damation Plan llanks of the Defiance Uplitt, and Pleistocene deposits in Fisher Valle~ cont 1in three angubr unconformaties (Shoemaker, 1956).

1.6.2 Blandin" Site GeoloiY The following descriptions of physiography and topography; rock units; structure; relationship 01 earthquakes to tectonic structure; and potential earthquake hazards to the project area are reproduced from the ER for ease of reference and as a review of the mill site geology. (See Figure 1.6-2) 1.6.2. l Physiography and Topography (ER Section 2.4.2. l)

• The project site is located near the center of White Mesa, one of the many finger-like north-soutl .

trending mesas that make up the Great Sage Plain. The nearly flat upland surface of White Mesa is underlain by resistant sandstone caprock which forms steep prominent cliffs separating the upland from deeply entrenched intermittent stream courses on the east, south and west.

Surface ekvations across the project site range from about 5,550 to 5,650 feet (1,692 to I. 722 meters) and the gently rolling surface slopes to the south at a rate of approximately 60 feet per mile

( 18 meters per 1.6 kilometer).

Maximum relief between the mesa's surface and Cottonwood Canyon on the west is about 750 feet (229 meters) where Westwater Creek joins Cottonwood Wash. These two streams and their tributaries drain the west and south sides of White Mesa. Drainage on the east is provided by Recapture Creek and its tributaries. Both Cottonwood Wash and Recapture Creeks are normally

• lhlJSERS\MFMIWP'MRRIRffl.AMWM.96\FNLDRAFT'SECTOI RPlifebruary 28. 19Q7

Page 1-79 Revision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan intermittent streams and tlow south to the San Juan River. However. Cottonwood Wash has been known to flow perennially in the project vicinity during wet years .

• II IUSERSIMFMIWP\MRRIRECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFT\SECTOI RP1'Fcbruary 28, 1997

~',

I 'JI

' \.

~ . '- \I

{

17 ..... ,

REFERENCES:

GEOLOGY, IN PART, AFTER HAYNES ET AL. , 1962. BASE MAP PREPARED FROM PORTIONS OF THE BLANOINO, BRUSHY BASIN WASH, BLUFF, ANO MONTEZUMA CREEK u.s.a.s.

Hi-MINUTE TOPOGRAPHIC QUADRANGLES.

EXPLANATION Qae LOESS

,. . Km* MANCOS SHALE N.

Kdb Jmb DAKOTA ANO BURRO" CANYON FORMATIONS (UNDIFFERENTIATED)

MORRISON FORMATION:

BRUSHY BASIN MEMBER 1000 0 SCALE IN FEET 1000 1000 Jmw WESTWATER CANYON MEMBER eNeM"T" fl'UeL.S NUCl..eAl'l, INC.

Ca lc:,rc::idc:, f91c::1tec::11J Op*rc::itic:,r,*

~,. . ~ .,..,,,., ~ :U,1 . , . _ .a-t1ci,,, eQ 01906 Jmr RECAPTURE MEMBER fl'll!?Ul'le 1.6-2

..-.. ...- CONTACT, CASHED WHERE APPROXIMATE

~it* M**o Mlll6it*

IS*olog~ .,, Surrour,dir,9 Ar*o

~ . Ill C)A TE

'°"' """"'

~eT of

Page 1*81

• Revision 1.0 Enl ~y Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.6.2.2 Rock Units ( ER Sl*~tion 2.4.2.2)

Only rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous ages are exposed in the vicinity of the project site. These include. in ascending order. 11:e Upper Jurassic Salt Wash, Recapture. Westwater Can)on. and Brushy Basin Members of the Morrison fonnation: the Lower Cretaceous Burro Canyon fonnation; and the Upper Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone. The Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale is exposed as isolated remnants along the rim of Recapture Creek valley several miles southeast of the project site and on the eastern flanks of the Abajo Mountains some 20 miles (32 kilometers) north but is not exposed at the project site. However, patches of Mancos Shale may be present within the project site boundaries as isolated buried remnants that are obscured by a mantle of alluvial windblown silt and sand .

• The Morrison fonnation is of particular economic importance in southeast Utah since several hundred uranium deposits have been discovered in the basal Salt Wash Member (Stokes, 1967).

In most of eastern Utah. the Salt Wash Member underlies the Brushy Basin. However, just south of Blanding in the project vicinity the Recapture Member replaces an upper portion of the Sall Wash and the Westwater Canyon Member replaces a lower part of the Brushy Basin. A southern limit of Salt Wash deposition and a northern limit of Westwater Canyon deposition has been recognized by Haynes et al. ( 1972) ii. Westwater Canyon approximately three to six miles (4.8 to 9.7 kilometers).

respectively. northwest of the project site. However, good exposures of Salt Wash are found throughout the Montc.lUma Canyon area 13 miles (21 kilometers) to the east.

The Salt Wash Membl.'r is composed dominantly of tluvial fine-grained to conglomeratic sandstones, and interbedded mudstones. Sandstone intervals are usually yellowish-brown to pale reddish-brown

• II \l 1<iERS1MFM1WP\MRRIRFCI AMWM Q61FNLDRAFIISECTOI RPTSebruary 28, 1997

Page 1-82 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan while the mudstoncs are greenish- and reddish-gray. Carbonaceous materials ("trash") vary from sparse to abundant. Cliff-fonning massive sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone in discontinuous beds make up to 50 percent or more of the member. According to Craig et al. ( 1955), the Salt Wash was deposited by a system of braided streams flowing generally east and northeast. Most of the uranium-vanadium dt:posits are located in the basal sandstones and conglomeratic sandstones that fill stream-cut sc0ur chrumels in the underlying Bluff Sandstone, or where the Bluff Sandstone has been removed by pre-Morrison erosion, in similar channels cut in the Summerville fonnation.

Mapped thicknesses of this member range from zero to approximately 350 feet (0-107 meters) in southeast Utah. Because the Salt Wash pinches out in a southerly direction in Recapture Creek three mites (4.8 kilometers) northwest of the project site and does not reappear until exposed m Montezuma Canyon, it is not known for certain that the Salt Wash actually underlies the site .

• The Recapture Member is typically composed of interbedded reddish-gray, white, and light-brown fine- to medium-grained sandstone and reddish-gray, silty and sandy claystone. Bedding is gently

o sharply lenticular. Just north of the project site, the Recapture intertongues with and grades into the Salt Wash and the contact between the two cannot be easily recognized. A few spotty occurrences of uriniferous mineralization are found in sandstone lenses in the southern part of the Montict>llo district :ind larger deposits are known in a conglomeratic sandstone facies some 75 to I00 miles ( 121 to 161 kilometers) southeast of the Monticello district. Since significant ore deposits have not been found in extensive outcrops in more favorable areas, the Recapture is believed not to contain potential resources in the project site (Johnson and Thordarson, 1966).

Just north of the project site, the Westwater Canyon Member intertongues with and grades into the lower part of the overlying Brushy Ilasin Member. Exposures of the Westwater Canyon in Cottonwood Wash are typically composed of interbedded yellowish- and greenish-gray to pinkish-

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White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan gray. lenticular. fine- to coarse-grained arkosic sandstone and minor amounts of greenish-gray to reddish-brown sandy shale and mudstone. Like the Salt Wash. the Westwater Canyon Member is tluvial in origin. having been deposited by streams flowing north and northwest, coalescing with streams from the southwest depositing the upper part of the Salt Wash and the lower part of the Brushy Basin (Huff and Lesure. 1965). Several small and scattered uranium deposits in the Westwater Canyon are located in the ext1eme southern end of the Monticello district. Both the Recapture Member and the Westwater Canyon contain only traces of carbonaccuus materials, are believed to be less favorable host rocks for uranium deposition (Johnson and Thordarson, 1966) and have vi.:ry little potential for producing uranium reserves.

The lower part of the Brushy Basin is replaced by the Westwater Canyon Member in the Blanding

• area but the upper part of the Brushy Basin overlies this member. Composition of the Brushy Basin is dominantly variegated bentonitic mudstone and siltstone. Bedding is thin and regular and usually distinguished by color variations of gray, pale-green, redd: ,n-brown, pale purple, and maroon.

Scattered lenticular thin beds of distinctive green and red chert-pebble conglomeratic sandstone are found near the base of the member, some of which contain uranium-vanadium mineralization in the southernmost part of the Monticello district (Haynes et al., 1972). Thin discontinuous beds of limestone and beds of grayish-red to greenish-black siltstone of local extent suggest that much of the Brushy Basin is probably lacustrine in origin.

For the most part, the Great Sage Plain owes its existence to the erosion of resistant s~1,1Jstones and conglomerates of the Lower Cretaceous Burro Canyon formation. This fonnation unconformably('?)

overlies the Brushy Basin and the contact is concealed over most of the project area by talus blocks and slope wash. Massive, light-gray to light yellowish-brown sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone and conglomerate comprise more than tWCl*thirds of the fonnation's thickness. The conglomerate

• II 'ilJSl:RS'.Mf\1\WP\MRRIRECl.r\MWM 96\FNLORAFl'SECTOI RPT\Fcbruary 28, 1997

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• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan and sandstone arc interbedded and usually grade from one to the other. However, most of the conglomerate is near the base. These rocks are massive cru.,s-bedded units formed by a series of interbedded lenses. each lens representing a scour filled ~ith stream-deposited sediments. In pl. ces the fom1ation contains greenish-gray lenticular beds of mudstone and claystone. Most of the Burro Canyon is exposed in the vertkal cliffs separating the relatively flat surface of White Mesa from the canyons to the west and east. In some places the resistant basal sandstone beds of the overlying Dakota Sandstone are exposed at the top of the cliffs, but entire cliffs of Burro Canyon are most common. Where the sandstones of the Dakota rest on sandstones c:1d conglomerates of the Burro Canyon. the contact between the two is very difficult to identify and most investigators map the two fonnations as a single unit (Figure 1.6-2). At best, the contact can be defined as the top of a silicified zone in ti

• upper part of the Burro Canyon that appears to be remnants of an ancient soil that formed

• during a long period of weathering i,rior to Dakota deposition (Huff and Lesure, 1965 ).

The Upper Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone disconformably overlies the Burro Canyon formation.

Le .:ally. the disconformity is marked by shallow depressions in the top of the Burro Canyon filled with Dakota sediments containing angular to sub-rounded rock fragments probably derived from Burro Canyon strata ( Witkind, 1964) but the contact is concealed at the project site. The Dakota is composed predominantly of pale yellowish-brown to light gray, massive, intricately cross-bedded, fine- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone locally well-cemented with silica and calcite; elsewhere it is weakly cemented and friable. Scattered throughout the sandstone are lenses of conglomerate.

dark-gray carbonaceous mud~tones and shale and, in some instances, impure coal. In general, the lower part of the Dakota is more conglomeratic and contains more cross-bedded sandstone than the upper part which in normally more thinly bedded and marine-like in appearance. The basal sandstones and conglomerates are fluvial in origin, whereas the carbonaceous mudstones and shales were probably deposited in back water areas behind beach ridges in front of the advancing Late

• If llJSERSIMf'M\WP\MRRIRECI AMWM 96\FNLDRAfl\SECTOI RP1'.february 28. 1997

Page 1-85

• Revision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Cretaceous sea (Huff and Lesure, 1965). The upper sandstones probably represent littoral marine deposits since they grade upward into the dark-gray siltstones and marine shales of the Mancos Shale.

The Mancos shale is not exposed in the project vicinity. The nearest exposures are small isolated remnants resting conformably on Dakota Sandstone along the western rim above Recapture Creek 4.3 to 5.::- .niles (6.9 to 8.9 kilometers) southeast of the project site. Additional exposures are found on the easLern and southern flanks of the Abajo Mountains approximate!., 16 to 20 miles (26 to 32 kilometers) to the north. It is possible that thin patches of Mancos may be buried at the project site but are obscured by the mantle of alluvial windblown silt and sand covering the upland surface. The Upper Cretaceous Mancos shale is of marine origin and consists of dark- to olive-gray shale with

• minor amounts of gray. fine-grained, thin-bedded to blocky limestone and siltstone in the lower part of the formation. Bedding in the Mancos is thin and well developed, and much of the shale is laminated. Where fresh, the shale is brittle . 1d fissile and weathers to chips that are light- to yellowish-gray. Topographic features formed by the Mancos are usually subdued and commonly displayed by low rounded hills and gentle slopes.

A layer of Quaternary to Recent reddish-brown eolian silt and fine sand is spread over the surface of the project site. Most of the loess consists of subangular to rounded frosted quartz grains that are coated with iron oxide. Basically, the loess is massive and homogeneous, ranges in thickness from a dust coating on the rocks that form the rim cliffs to more than 20 feet (6 meters), and is partially cemented with calciwn carbonate (caliche) in light-colored mottled and veined accumulations which probably represent ancient immature soil horizons.

• II 1lJSERS1MH,1'WP',MRRIRECLAMWM.961fNLDRAfT\SECTOI.RPT\Fcbruary 28. 1997

Page 1-86 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

\\.'hite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.6.2.3 Structure (E.R. Section 2.4.2.3)

The geologic structure at the proj~ ..:t site is comparatively simple. Strata of the underlying Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are nearly horizontal; only slight undulations along the caprock rims of the upland are perceptible and faulting is absent. In much ot the area surrounding the project site the dips are less than one degre.... The prevailing regional dip is about one degree to the south. The low dips and simple structure are in sharp contrast to the pronounced structural features of the Comb Ridge Monocline to the west and the Abajo Mountains to the north.

The project area is within a 1.:latively tectonically stable portion of the Colorado Plateau noted for its scarcity of historical seismic events. Tl.I! epicenters of historical earthquakes from 1853 through

• 1986 within a 200-mile (320 km) radius of the site are sho\m in Figure 1.6-3. More than l, l 46 events have occurred in the area, of which at least 45 were damaging; that is, having an intensity of VI or greater on the Modified Mercalli Scale. A description of the Modified Mercalli Scale is given in Table l .6-3. All intensities mentioned herein refer to this table. Table l .6-3 also shows a generalized relationship between Mercalli intensities and other parameters to which this review will refer. Since these relationships are frequently site specific, the table values should be used only for approximation and understanding. Conversely. the border between the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range Province and Middle Rocky Mountain Province some 155 to 240 miles (249 to 386 km) west arid northwest, respectively, from the site is one of the most active seismic belts in the western United States.

On:v 63 non-duplicative epicenters have been recorded within a 120 mile (200 km) radius of the project area (Figure 1.6-4). Of these, 50 had ari intensity IV or less (or unrecorded) and two were recorded as intensity VI. The nearest event occurred in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area

• H 1USERS\MFM\WPIMRR1RELLAMWM 961.fNLDRAH,SECTOI RPf\February 28. 1997

Page 1-8 7 Re\'ision 1.0 Energy Fuels r,..;uclear. Inc.

White Mesa ~1ill Reclamation Plan approximat~*ly 38 miles (63 km) west-northwest of the project area. The next closest event occurred approximately 53 miles (88 km) to the northeast. Just east of Durango, Colorado, approximately 99 miles ( 159 km) due east of the project area, an event having local intensity of V was recorded on August 29. 1941 ( Hadsell, 1968). It is very doubtful that these events would have been felt in the vicinity of Blanding.

Three of the most damaging earthquakes associated with the seismic bdt along the Colorado Plateau's western border have occurred in the Elsinore-Richfield are about 168 miles (270 km) northwest of the project site. All were of intensity VIII. On November 13, 190 I, a strong shock caused extensive damage from Richfield to Parowan. Many brick structures were damaged~

rockslides were reported near Beaver. Earthquakes with the ejection of sand and water were

• reported, and some creeks increased their flow. Aftershocks continued for several weeks {von I lake, 1977). 1-ollowing several weeks of small foreshocks, a strong earthquake caused major damage in the Monroe-Elsinore-Rich field area on September 29. 1921. Scores of chimneys were thrown down, plaster fell from ceilings, and a section of a ne\\ two-story brick wall collapsed at Elsinore's schoolhouse. Two days later, on October l, 1921, another strong tremor caused additional damage to the area's structures. Large rockfalls occurred along both sides of the Sevier Valley and hot springs were discolored by iron oxides {von Hake, 1977). It is probable that these shocks may have been perceptible at the project site but they certainly would not have caused any damage.

Seven events of intensity VII have been reported within 320 kilometers (km) around Blanding, Utah, which is the area shown in Figure l .6-3. Of these, only two are considered to have any significance with respect to the project site. On August 18, 1912, an intensity VU shock damaged houses in northern Arizona and was felt in Gallup, New Mexico, and southern Utah. Rock slides occurred near tlie epicenter in the San Francisco Mountains and a 50-mile (80 km) earth crack was reported north

• H 1USERSIMFM\WP\MRRIRECLAMWM.961FNLDRAFTISECTOI .RPT\fcbruary 28, 1997

Page 1-88 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan of the San Francisco Range (l'. S. Geological Survey, 1970). Nearly every building in Duke, New Mexico. was damaL?ed to some degree when shook by a strong earthquake on January 22. 1966.

Rockfalls and landslides occurred l Oto 15 miles ( 16 to 24 km) west of Dulce along Highway 17 where cracks in the pavement were reported (Hermann et al., 1980). Both of these events may have been felt at the project site but, again. would certainly not have caused any damage. Figure 1.6-4 shows the occurrence of seismic events within 200 km of Blanding .

• U \USERS\MfM\WP\MRR\RECl.AMWM 96\FNLDRAFT\Sh fOI RPl'lfcbruary 28. 1997

L\BU: I 6-:,

Modified \krcalli Scale. 1956 Version'

• \I~

lntcnsll)

II 111 I N,,1 kit \largmal and 1,,ng-pcnod dTccts oflargc c:anhquakcs ( for details see text)

Felt b~ person) at rest on upper tloors. l,r favorably placed hit ind,wrs I tanging obJects swing Vibration like passing of light trucks Duration v + .:nvs 0 0035-0 007 e,timatcd \1a~ not t>e rc,ngm,ed as an eanhquakc IV Hanging objects '" mg Vibration like passing of hcav~ trucks or sensation of a jolt like: a 0007-0.1115

. heavy ball striking the \\alls Standing motor cars rock Windows. dishes. doors rattle

( ilassc) .:link Crockcl') da.\hes In the: upper range of IV \\ooden walls and frame creak V Felt outdoors dm:.:llon c,timated Sleepers wakened l.1quids disturbed Some spilled 1-3 0015-0 035 Small unstable: 11b1ccts displaced or upset Doors s\\'mg dose. ,,pen Shutters. pictures move Pendulum clocks st,,p. ,;tart. 1.:hange rate Vt l'elt by all. Many frightened and run outdoors Persons walk unsteadily Windows. dishes. 3-7 003~-007 glass\\an: !1 roken ~111ckknacks, t;,,oks. etc olTshel\cS Pictures OIT\\'alls Furniture mo,ed nr ovenurned Weak plaster and mason!) D cracked Small bells ring (church. school).

Tn:es. bushes shaken(\ i,ibly. or heard to rustic* CFR)

Vil D1tfo:ult 10 ,;tand 'llollcc:d b~ drivers of motor cars Hanging ,,bjects quiver. Furniture 7-20 0.07-0 15 broken Damage to mason!') D including cracks Weak chimne}s broken at roof line. Fall of plaster. loose: bricks. si.,nes. tiles . .:omices (also unbraced parapets and architcctural ornaments - l'FRl S,,me cracl.s in mason!') C Wa,es on ponds water turbid with mud

-.;mall slides and ca\ mg in along sand or gravel banks. Large bells ring Concrete irrigation

!itches damaged t,

VIII Steering of rnntor cars alli:cted. Damage to masonry C. panial collapse Some: damage to 20-80 0 I 5-0 35 mason!) B. none 1s mason!') A Fall of stucco and some masonry walls Twisting, fall of chimneys, filctol') stacks, monuments, towers. elevated tanks. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down. loos: panel walls thrown out Decayed piling broken off.

Branche, broken from trees. Changes m tlo" or temperature of springs and wells Cracks in wct grnund and on steep slopes IX l.iem:ral pailh: Mason!') D destroyed. mason!') C heavily damaged Sometimes with 80-200 0 35-0 7 wmplete collapse. ml)unr) B seriously damaged (General damage to foundations

• CFR) fr3mc ~tructures. if not bolted. ~hifted off foundations. Frames rocked Serious damage to rc,emiirs l 'nderground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground In alluviated areas

., ,and and mud eiectcd. canhquakc fountains, sand craters

\ \tost mason!') and frame structures destroyed with their foundations Some wc:ll-bu1lt 200-500 0 7-1 2

"'ooden >tructun:s and bridges destroyed Serious damage to darns. dikes. embankments.

Large landslides Water thrown on banks of canals. ri~ers, lakes, etc Sand and mud shifted horilontall~ on beaches .tnd tlat land Rails bent shghtl)'

8 XI Rails bent greatl) l:nderground pipelines completely out of service >12 XII Damage nearl~ total Large rock masses displaced Lines of sight and level distoned. From Fig. 11.14 ObJe.:ts thrown mto the air

'-lote \1.bonl') A. B. C. D To avoid ambiguity oflanguagc. the qualil)' ofma.wnry, brick or otherwise. 1s specified by the following lettering

(\\h1ch has no .:onnc:ction \\1th the conventional Class A. B. C construction)

Masonp A Good wort.man.ship, mortar. and design reinforced, especially laterally, and bound together by using steel, concrete. etc . designed to resist lateral forces.

Ma.sono B Good workmanship and mortar; reinforced, but not designed to resist lateral forces.

\1asono* C Ordinary workmanship and monar. no extreme weaknesses such as non-dcd-1a comers. but masonry is neither reinforced nor designed against horizontal forces Masonry P Weck materials such as adobe. poor monar. low standards of workmanship. wc:ck horizontally.

'from Richter ( 1958) 'Adapted with permission of W H Freeman and Company by Hunt ( 1984) t A,.cragc peak ground \elocity. cm/s

A~cragc p-:ak accclcrauon (away from source,

§Magnitude correlation

Page 1-90 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.6.2.4 Relationship of Earthquakes to T.:tonic Structures The majority of recorded earthquakes in Utah have occurred along an active belt of seismicity that extends from the Gulf of California. through western Arizona, central Utah. and northward into western British Columbia. The seismic belt is possibly a branch of the active rift system associated with the landward extension of the East Pacific Rise (Cook and Smith, 1967). This belt is the Intermountain Seismic Belt shown in Figure 1.6-5 (Smith, 1978).

It is significant to note that the seismic belt forms the boundary zone between the Basin and Range -

Great Basin Provinces and the Colorado Plateau - Middle Rocky Mountain Provinces. This block-faulted zone is about 47 to 62 miles (7:, to 100 km) wide and forms a tectonic transition zone

• betw\!en the rdatively simple structures of the Colorado Plateau and the complex fault-controlled structures of ti 1e Basin and Range Province (Cook and Smith, 1967 ).

Another zont: of seismic activity is in the vicinity of Dulce. New Mexico. near the Colorado border.

This zone. v.*hi~h coincides with an extensive series of tertiary intrusives, may also be related to the northern end of the Rio Grande Rift. This rift is a series of fault-controlled structural depressions extending southward from southern Colorado through central New Mexico and into Mexico. The rift 1s shown on Figure 1.6-5 trending north-south to the east of the pr' ct area.

Most of the ev~nts south of the Utah border of intensity V and greater are located within 50 miles

( 80 km) of post-Oligocene extrusives. This relationship is not surprising because it has been observed in many other parts of the world (Hadsell. 1968).

• H LSER~ \11-M WP'MRR Rf.CLAMWM 96 f-1'-.l.DRAJTSECTOI RYrFebrua,y 28. 1997

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* ( t' , ,. * '"" :1f Page 1-94 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan In Colorado. the Rio Grande Rift zone is one of three siesmotcctonic provinces that may contribute energy to the study area. Prominent physiographic expression of the rift includes the San Luis Valley in southern Colorado. The valley is a half~graben strucnue with major faulting on the east :m flank. Extensional tectonics is dominant in the area and very large earthquakes with recurrence intervals of several thousand years have been projected (Kirkham and Rodgers, t 981 ). Mountainous areas lu the west of the Rio Grande rift province include the San Juan Mountains. These mountains are a complex domicil uplift with extensive Oligocene and Miocene volcanic cover. Many faults are associated with the collapse of the calderas and apparently have not moved since. Faults of Neogene age exist in the eastern San Juan Mountains that may be related to the extension of the Rio Grande rift. Numerous small earthquakes have been folt or recorded in the western mountainous province despite an absence of major Neogene tectonic faults (Kirkham and Rodgers, 1981 ).

• Tht: third seismotectonic province in Colorado, that of the Colorado Plateau, extends into the surrounding states to the west and south. In Colorado, the major tectonic element that has been recurrently active in the Quaternary is the Uncompahgre uplift. Both flanks are faulted and earthquakes have been felt in the area. The faults associated with the Salt Anticlines are collapsed features produced by evaporite solution and flowage (Cater, 1970). Their non-tectonic origin and the plastic deformation of the salt reduces their potential for generating even moderate-sized earthquakes (Kirkham and Rodgers, 1981 ).

Case and Joesting ( 1972) have called attention to the fact that regional seismicity of the Colorado Plateau includes a component added by basement faulting. lbt:y inferred a basement fault trending northeast along the axis of the Colorado River through Canyonlands. This basement faulting may be part of the much larger structure that Hite (1975) examined and Warner (1978) named the Color..Jo lineament (Figure 1.6-6). This 1,300-mile (2,100 km) long lineament that extends from

• ti 'USERS\~ffM WP'MRJl RECLAMWM 96-FNLDRAfr SEC TO I RP'I' February 28, 1997

Page 1-95 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan northern Arizon;i to Minnesota is suggested to be a Precambrian wrench-fault system formed some 2.0 to I. 7 billion years before present. While it has been suggested that the Colorado lineament is a source ZOfo! for larger earthquakes (m = 4 to 6) in the west-central United States. the observed spatial relationship between epicenters and the trace of the lineament does not prove a casual relation ( Brill and Nuttli. 1983 ). In terms of contemporary seismicity, the lineament does not act as a uniform earthquake generator. Only specific portions of the proposed structure can presently be 1.:onsidered seismic source zones and each segment exhibits seismicity of distinctive activity and character ( Wong. 1981 ). This is a reflection of the different orientations and magnitudes of the stress fields along the lineament. The interior of the Colorado Plateau forms a tectonic stress province. as defined by Zoback and Zoback ( 1980), that is characterized by generally east-west tectonic comr ression. Only where extensional stresses from the Basin and Range province of the Rio Gra.,ide

• rift extend into the Colorado Plateau would the Colorado lineament in the local area be suspected of having the capability of generating a large magnitude earthquake (Wong, 1984). At the present time, the well defined surface expression of regional extension is far to the west and far to the east of the project area.

Recent work by Wong (1984) has helped define the seismicity of the whole Colorado r1lateau. He called attention to the low level (less than ML = 3.6) but high number (30) of earthquakes in the Capitol Reef Area from 1978 to 1980 that were associated with the Waterpocket fold and the Cainville monocline, two other major tectonic features of the Colorado Plateau. Only five earthquakes in the sequence were of ML greater than 3, and fault plane solutions suggest the swann wasp .. lduced by normal faulting along northwest-trending Precambrian basement structw-es (Wong, 1984 ). The significance of the Capitol Reef seismicity is its relatively isolated 0ccurrence within the Colorado Plateau and its location at a geometric barrier in the regional stress field (Aki, 1979). Stress concentration that produces earthquakes at bends or junctures of basement faults as indicated

• U USf:RS'MFM\WP\MRR1RF.CLAMWM % f'Nl.DRAFPS[Cflll RP1',februa,y 28. 1997

Page J.96 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Rl!clamation Plan hy this swarm may be expected to occur at other locations in the Colorado Plateau Province. No inference that earthquakes such as those at Capitol Reef are precursors for larger subsequent events is implied. 1.6.2.5 Potential Earthquake Haz.ards to Project The project site is located in a region known for its scarcity of recorded seismic events. Although the seismic history for this region is barely 135 years old. the epicenu-al pattern, or fabric, is basically set and appreciable changes are not expected

• 0 occur. Most of the larger seismic events in the Colorado Plateau have occurred along its margins rather than in the interior central region. Based on the region's seismic history, the probability of a major damaging earthquake occurring at or near

• the project site is very remote. Studies by Algermissen and Perkins (1976) indicate that southeastern Utah, including the site, is in an area where there is a 90 percent probability that a horizontal acceleration of four percent gravity (0.04g) would not be exceeded within 50 years.

Minor earthquakes. not associated with any seismic*tectonic trealds, can presumably occur randomly at almost any location. Even if such an event with an intensity as high as VI should occur at or near the project site, horizontal ground accelerations would not txceed 0.1 Og but would probably range between 0.05 and 0.09g (Coulter et al., 1973; Trifunac and Brady, 1975). These magnitudes of ground motion would not pose significant hazards to the existing and proposed facilities at the Project Site.

• II USERS<MFM'WP',MRR.RfCI.AMWM 96JNWRAFT<;f.CTOI RPTFebruary 211. 1997

• SOURCE: WARNER, 1978 r*

I !N!fllt6Y' flU!L.S NUGi..eA!lt, 1NG. Col"l"'c::ac:fo flll'lc::at*c::11,1 O,::,*rotio,.,* l'TM C..-. !>Ne. . . . :U,I ~ - .r.Nl- GO 0 ~ r-lctUflt! 1.6-6 c:.010,.odo  ;.,i,.,*o'"*,.,t ~' * /o,t ..0,.,. ~l!T' O,t.TI "'" **"I Page 1-98 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.6.3 Seisn, ;c Risk Assessment In addition to general estimates of earthquake hazards, such as those offered by Dames and Moore ( 1978b), and summarized above, a more detailed analysis of the relationship between the project area and regional seismicity was performed. As can be seen in Figure 1.6-3, a map based on the seismologic data base from the National Geophysical Data Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA 1988), many events occur within the lntermountain Seismic Belt and within the Rio Grande rift. Since the Colorado Plateau Province (and particularly the Blanding basin portion, in which the proj~ct site lies) is a distinctly different tectonic province, the historical sample chosen for magnitude/frequency estimates was limited to a radius of about 120 miles (200 km) from the project. This sample included a region which is more representative of the

• seismicity of the Colorado Plateau.

Static and pseudostatic analyses were performed to establish the stability of the side slopes of the tailings soil cover. These analyses. together with analyses of radon flux attenuation. infiltration, freeze/thaw effects. and erosion protection, are summarized below. and are detailed in Appendix D, the Tai Iings Cover Design report (Titan, 1996 ). The side slopes are designed at an angle of SH: 1V. Because the side slope along the southern section of Cell 4A is the longest and the ground elevation drops rapidly at its base, this slope was detennined to be critical and is thus the focus of the stability analyses. The computer software package GSLOPE, developed by MITRE Software Corporation, was used to detennine the potential for slope failure. GSLOPE applies Bishop's Method of slices to identify the critical failure surface and calculate a factor of safety (FOS). The slope geometry and properties

• H *USERS\MfM'WP'MRR,.Rhl.AMWM 9t1 1fNtDRAFT1SECTOI RPT.februa,y 28. 1997

Page 1-99 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan of the construction materials and bedrock are input into the model. These data .ind drawings are included in the Stability Analysis of Side Slopes Calculation brief included as Appendix G of the Tailings Cover Design report. for this analysis. competent bedrock i.:, designated at IO feet below the lowest point of the foundation [i.e., at a 5,540-foot elevation above mean sea level (msl)]. This is a conservative estimate. based on the borehole logs supplied by Chen and Associates ( 1979). which indicate bedrock near the surface. 1.6.3.1 Static Analysis For the static analysis, a Fae Lor of Safety ("FOS") of 1.5 or more was used to indicate an acceptable level of stability. The calculated FOS is 2.91, which indicates that the slope should be stable under

• static conditions. Results of the computer model simulations are included in Appendix G of the Tailings Cover Design report.

1.6.3.2 Pseudostatic Analysis (Seismicity)

• n,e slope stability analysis described above was repeated under pseudostatic conditions in order to estimate a FOS for the slope when a horizontal ground acceleration of 0.1 Og is applied. The slope geometry and material properties used in this andlysis are identical to those used in the stability analysis. A FOS of 1.0 or more was used to indicate an acceptabl\! level of stability under pseudostatic conditions. The calculated FOS is 1.903, which iHJicates that the slope should be stable under dynamic conditions. Ddails of the analysis and the simulation results are included in Appendix G of the Tailings Cover Design report.

• H lJSERSIMFM\WP\MRRs.RH'LAMWM 96,,fNI f )RM T .Sl:CTOI RPT,fc:bruary 28, 1997

Page 1-100 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan In June of 1994, Lawrence Livennore Nat1unal Laboratory ("LLNL") ( 1994) published a report on seismic activity in southern Utah, in which a horizontal ground acceleration of 0.12g was proposed for the White Mesa sitt. The evaluations made by LLNL were conservative to account for tectonically active regions that exist. for example, near Moab. Utah. Although. the LLNI. report states that" ... [Blanding] is located in a region known for its scarcity of recorded seismic events," the stability of the cap dl!sign slopes using the LLNL factor was evaluated. The results of a sensitivity analysii; reveal that when considering a horizontal ground acceleration of0.12g, the calculated FOS is I. 778 which is still above the required value of 1.0, indicating adequate safety under pseudostatic conditions. This analysis is also included in Appendix G of the Tailings Cover Design report. 1.7 OIOTA (ER Section 2.9)

• 1.7.1 Tcrresuial (ER Section 2.9.l) 1.7.1.1 Flora(ER Section 2.9.1.1)

The natural vegetation presently <X:cwring within a 25-mile (40-km) radius of the site is very simil..1I to that of the potential, being characterized by pinyon-juniper woodland intergrading with big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities. The pinyon-juniper community is dominated by Utah juniper (Juniperus osteospenna) with occurrences of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) as a codominant or subdominant tree species. The understory of this community, which is usually q*tite open, is composed of grasses, forbs, and shrubs that are also found in the big sagebrush communities. Common associates include galleta grass (Hilaria jarnesii), green ephedra (Ephedra viridis), and broum snakewood (Gutierrezia sarothrae). The big sagebrush communities occur in deep, well-drained soils on flat terrain. whereas the pinyon-juniper woodland is usually found on shallow rocky

• U '.USERSIMFM' WP\MRRIRfCLAMWM 96*,FNLDRAf'l',SECTO I RPT,fcbruary 28. 1997 i . '* ' .

'I , Page 1-101 Revision 1.0 Enl!rg) Fuels Nudear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan soil of exp\,sed canyon riJges and slopes. Seven community types are present on the project site (Table I. 7-1 and Figure I. 7-1 ). Except for the small portions of pinyon-juniper woodland and the big sagebrush community types. the majorit** of the plant communities within the site boundary have been disLUrbed by past grazing ami/or treatments designed to improve the site for rangeland. These past treatments include chaining. plowing, and reseeding with crested wheatgrass (Agropyron dese.torum). Controlled big sagebrush communities are those lands containing big sagebrush that have been chained to stimulate grass production. In addition. these areas have been seeded with crested wheatgrass. Both grassland communities I and II are the result of chaining and/or plowing and seeding with crested wheatgrass. The reseeded grassland II community is in an earlier stage of recovery from disturbance than the

• r.eseeced grassland I community. The relative frequency, relative cover. relative density, and importance vdues uf species sampled in each community are presented in Dames and Moore (1978b), Table 2.8-2. The percentage of vegetative cover in 1977 was lowest on the reseeded grassland II community ( 10.7%) and highest on the big sagebrush community (33%) (Table l .7-2).

Based UJ)( 1 dry weight composition. most communities on the site were in poor range condition in 1977 (Dames & Moore (1978), Tables 2.8-3 and 2.8-4). Pinyan-juniper, big sagebrush, and controlled big sagebrush communities were in fair condition. However, precipitation for 1977 at the project site was classed as drought conditions (Dames & Moore (1978b), Section 2.8.2.1). Until July, no production was evident on the site. No designated or proposed endangered plant species occur on or near the project site (Dames & Moore (1978b). Section 2.8.2. J ). Of the 65 proposed endangered species in Utah, six have documented distributions on San Juan County. A careful review of the habitat requirements and

• H ILJSERS\MfM\WP'MRR\Rl:CLAMWM 96,rNLDRAFflSEC'TOI RJYf\Februa,y 28. 1997

• Page 1-102 Revision 1.0 Enl-'rgy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan known distributions of these species indicates that. because of the disturbed environment, these sp~cies would probably not occur on the project site .

• U 'IJSER~,MFMl~P'MRR'Rf.UAMWM 96\.1-'NlDRAffiM:C ro1 RPTWcbrua,y 211 1997

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• Pir-:;jc~-Jun:oc,...

,- l ~sccoec1 Gros5:ora  !:N!:R~Y FUELS NUCl..!:A~ INC Co!Or"CICIO Piate ) Oper"Cltior,s R,e!,eeaed Sross1or:d  ;:i,,,_. c.ompoH Or11e. !>le 20,. ~ - ~'""'* c.o e190* L _ Big 5ogcc .... .,sr Fi~U~ 1.'"1-i "'i ~o,.,to::ea Big Sagcor .,s,., /egetotior1 vommwri't~ T~pe:- l *. ' on the ~h,te Heso Site

• TABLE 1.7-1 Community Types and Expanse Within the Project site Boundary Expanse Community Type Ha Acres Pinyon 1iper Woodland 5 13 Big Sagehrush 113 278 Reseeded Grassland I 177 438 Reseeded Grassland II 121 299 Tamarisk-salix 3 7 Controlled Rig Sagebrush 230 569 Disturbed 17 41

• TABLE 1.7-?

Ground Cover For Each Community Within the Project Site Boundary Percentage of Each Type of Cover Community Type Vegetative Cover Litter Bare Ground Pinyon-juniper Woodland' 25.9 15.6 55.6 Big Sagebrush 33.3 16.9 49.9 Reseeded Grassland I 15.2 24.2 61.0 Reseeded Grassland II 10.7 9.5 79.7 Tamarisk-salix 12.0 20.1 67.9 Controlled Big Sagebrush 17.3 15.J 67.4 Disturbed 13.2 7.0 80.0 'Rock covered 4.4% uf the ground . Page 1-105

• Rc\'ision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.7.1.2 Fauna (ER Section 2.9.1.2) Wildlife data have ~en collected through four seasons at several locations on the site. The presence of a species was based on direct observations, trappings and signs such as the occurrence of scat, tracks. or burrows. A total of 174 vertebrate species potentially occur within the vicinity of the mill (Dames & Moore ( 1978b). Appendix D), 78 of which w~re con1i, ned (Dames & Moore ( 1978b), Secuon .., 8*-*- 1 "') Although seven species of amphibians are thought to occur in the area, the scarcity of surface water limits the use of the site by amphibians. The tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) \\as the only species observed. It appeared in the pinyon-juniper woodland west of the project site (Dames &

• Moore ( 1978b), Section 2.8.2.2 ).

Eleven species of lizards and five snakes potentially occur in the area. Three species of lizards were observed: the sagebrush lizard (Sceloparas i:µ-aciosus), western whiptail (Cnem; fophorus tigris). and the short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi) (Dames & Moore ( 1978b), Section 2.8.2.2). The sagebrush and western whiptail lizard were found in sagebrush habitat, and the short-homed lizard was observed in the grassland. No snakes were observed during the field work. Fifty-six species of birds were observed in the vicinity of the project site (Table l.7-3). The abundance of each species was estimated by using modified Emlen transects and roadside bird counts in various habitats and seasons. Only four species were observed during the February sampling. The most abundant species was the homed lark (Eremophila aepestis) tollowed by the common raven (Corvus corax), which were bot! 1centrated in the grassland. Avian counts increased drastically in May. Based on extrapolatiou uf the Emlen transect data, the avian density

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Page 1-106 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. \Vhile Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan on grassland of the project site during spring was about 123 per 100 acres (:05 per square kilometer). Of these individuals, 94 percent were homed larks and western meadowlarks (Stumella ncglecta). This density and species composition are typical of rangeland habitats. In late June the species din:rsity declined somewhat i grassland but peaked mall other habitats. By October the overall diversity decreased but again remained the hi 6hest in grassland. Raptors are prominent in the western United States. Five species were observed in the vicinity of the site (Table l. 7-3 ). Although no nests of these species were located, all {except the golden eagle. Aquila chrysaetos) have suitable nesting habitat in the vicinity of the site. The nest of a prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus) was found about 3/4 mile ( 1.2 km) east of the site. Although no sightings were made of this species, members tend to return to the same nests for several years if undisturbed

• (Dames & l\foore ( 1978b). Section 2.8.2.2) .

Of several mammals that occupy the site, mule deer <Odocoileus hemionus) is the largest species. The deer inhabit the project vicinity and adjacent canyons during winter to feed on the sagebrush and have been observed migrating through the site to Murphy Point (Dames & Moore ( 1978b), Section 2.8.2.2). Winter deer use of the project vicinity, as measured by browse utiliz.ation, is among the hea,*iest in southeastern Utah [25 days of use per acre (61 days of use per hectare) in the piny ,11-juniper-sagebrush habitats in the vicinity of the proiect site]. In addition, this area is heavily used as a migration route by deer traveling tu Murphy PL,int to winter. Daily movement during winter periods by deer inhabiting the area has also been observed between Westwater Creek and Murphy Point. The present size of the local deer herd is not known. Other mammals present at the site include the coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), gray fox (Urocyon cineroargenteus), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), badger (taxidea taxus), longtail

• U ,usERSIMfMIWP',MRRIRECLAMWM 961FNLDRAf'liSECTOI RPlifcbruary 28, 1997

Page 1-107 R~vision 1.0 Energy Fu~ls Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan weasel (Mustcla frcnata). anJ bobcat (Lynx rufus). Nine species of rodents were trapped or observed on the site, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) having the greatest distribution and abundance. A)tl1ough desert cottontails (Sylvilagus auduboni) were uncommon in 1977. black-tailed jackrabbits ( Lepus califomicus) were seen during all seasons. Three currt!ntly recognized endangered species of 1imals could occur in the project vicinity. However, the probability of these animals occurring near the site is ex* .:mely low. The project site is within the range of the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and L1 * .\merican peregrine falccn (Falco peregrinus anatum), but the lac'-' of aquatic habitat indicates a 1 w probability of these species occurring on the site. Although the black-footed ferret (Musetela nigripc.:s) once range<l in the vicinity of the site, it has not been sighted in Utah since 1952, and the Utah Division of Wildlife

• feels it is highly unlikely that this animal is present (Dames & Moore ( 1978b), Section 2.8.2.2) .

I. 7.2 A1r1uatic Biota (ER Section 2.9.2) Aquatic habitat at the project site ranges temporally from extremely limited to nonexistent due to the aridity, topography and soil characteristics of the region and consequent dearth of perennial surface water. Two small catch basins (Dames & Moore ( 1978b), Section 2.6.1.1 ), approximately 20 min diamett:r, are located on the project site. but these only fill naturally during periods of heavy rainfall (spring and fall) and have not held rainwater during the year-long baseline water quality monitoring program. One additional small basin was completed in 1994 to serve as a diversionary feature for migrating waterfowl. Although more properly considered features of the terrestrial environment, the. ~ssentially represent the total aquatic habitat on the project site. When containing water. these catch basins probably harbor algae, insects, other invertebrate forms, and amphibians.

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l.-\BLE I 7-3 Birds Ooscrvt!<l in the Vicinity ,lf the Whit~ \ks..t Pro_1ect

• Mallard Pintail Spedes Turke~ Vulture Rela1ive Abundance and Sta1us' CP CP us Pinyon Jay Bu,htit Species Bewick's Wren Rela1ive Ahundarn:e mJ Status' CP CP CP Red-tailed Ha"k CP Mockingbird us Golden Eagle CP Mountain Bluebird cs Marsh Hawk CP Black-tailed Gnatcatcher H Merlin uw Ruby-crowned Kinglet CP Amerii:an Kestrel CP Loggerhead Shrike cs Sage Grouse lJP Starling CP Scaled Qu,11 i Not Listed Yellow-rumped W;irhler cs American Coot cs Western Meadowlark

. CP Killdeer CP Red-winged Blackbird CP Spotted Sandpiper cs Brewer's 111ackbird CP \1ourning Dove cs Brown-headed Cowbird cs Common Nighthawk cs Blue Grosbeak cs cs White-throated Swift House Finch CP Yellow-bellied Sapsucker CP American Goldfinch CP Western Kingbird cs Green-tailed Towhee cs A:):.-throated Flycatcher cs Rufous-sided Towhee CP Say's Phoebe cs Lark Sparrow cs Horn 'Lark CP Black-throated Sparrow cs Violet-green Swallow cs Sage Sparrow l'C Barn S\,.,allo" cs Dark-eyed Junco cw Cliff S\\allm,., cs Chipping Sparrow cs Scrub Jay CP Brewer's Sparr1 *w cs Black-billed Magpie CP White-crov. nt>d Sparrow cs Common Raven CP Song .:ipmow CP Cr-mmon Crow cw Vesper Sparrow cs 'W. H. Behk and M. L. Perry, Utuh Birds. Ltah Museum of Natural History, University of l Jtah, Salt Lake City, 197~. Relative Abundance Status C ° Common P = Pennanent L: *a lJ ncom rnon S "" Summer Resident

• H "' Hypoth,.tical Source: Dames & Moore ( l'H8b), Table 2.8-5 W = Winter Visitant

/'j, I ~ Page 1-1 ()9 Re\*ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan They ma~ Jiso pruvide a water source for small mammals and birds. Similar ephemeral catch and seepage basins are typical and numerous to the northeast of the project site and south of Blanding. Aquatic habitaL in the project ,*icinity is similarly limited. The three adjacent strea.tl'li (Corral Creek, Westwater Creek. and an unnamed ann of Cottonwood Wash) are only intermittently active, carrying water primarily in the spring during increased rainfall and snowmelt runoff, in the autumn, and hdetly during hlcali?ed but intense electrical storms. Intermittent water flow most typically occurs in April. August, and October in those streams. Again, due to Lhe temporary nature of these steams, their contribution to the aquatic habitat of the 1egion is probably limited to providing a water source for wildlife and a temporary habitat for insect and amphibian species.

• No populations of fish are present on the project site, nor are any known to exist, in its immediate vicinity. The closest perennial aquatic habitat to the m1ll appears to be a small irrigation basin (approximately 50 m in diameter) about 3.8 miles (6 km) upgrade to the n<'rtheast. This habitat was not sampled for biota and it has been reported that the pond is intermittent and probably does not harbor any fish species.

The closest perennial aquatic habitat known to support fish populations is the San Juan River 18 miles (29 km) south of the project site. Five species of fish Federally designated (or proposed) as endangered or threatened occur in Utah (Table 1.7-4,:. One of the five species, the woundfin (Plegopterus argentissiumus), does not occur in southeastern Utah where the mill site is located. The Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) and humpback chub (Gila cypha), however, are reported as inhabiting large river systems in southeastern Utah. The bonytail chub (Gila elegans), cla~sified as threatened by the State and proposed as endangered by Federal authorities, is also limited in its distribution to main channel,; or large rivers. The humpback sucker (razorback sucker; Xyrauchen

• U '.IJSERSIMfMIWPIMRR'RffLAMWM 961t"NWRAl-'f\SECTOI RYf'.february 28. 1997

Page 1-110 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Rcdarnation Plan texanus). protected by the State and proposed as threatened by the Federal authorities, is found in southeastern Utah inhabiting backwater pools and quiet areas of mainstream rivers. The closest habitat suitable for the Colorado squawfish, humpback chub, bonytail chub, and humpback sucker is the San Juan River 18 miles (:-!9 km) south of the site .

• U ,.USERS\MFMiWP'.MRJNlffl.AMWM 96\FNLDRAFl'SECTOI RP'nFcbruary 28. 1997

TABLE 1.7-4 Threatened :md J:ndangered Aquatic Species Occurring in Utah Listing Occurrence Species Habitat in Southeastern Utah Woundfin Sihy streams; muddy. swift-current Federal - endangen:Jb No Pler,ortt'r11s .4rr,enr,swnu.\* areas, Virgin River critical habitat' State - threatened Humpback Chub Lu~e river systems, eddies, and Federal - endangeredb Yes <J1/u ()pha backw"ter State - threatened Colorado River Squawtish Main channels of large river systems Federal - endangercdb Yes Ptn.:h1x:ht1tlus Lucius in Colorado drainage State - threatened Bonytail Chub Main channel~ of large river systems Federal - proposed Yes Lit/a Eleguns in Colorado drainage endangered" State - threatened Humpback Sucker Back water pools JnJ quiet-water Federal - proposed Yes (razorback suckt'n areas of main rivers threatened' .\)ruuchen Texunu.1 State - threatened

• a "Endangered and lhreatened Wildlife and Plants," Fed. Regis/. 42,211 ): 57329 ( 1977).

b "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants," Fed. R- ;isr 42( 135 ): 36419-39431 ( 1977). c "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants," Fed. Regis/. 43(79): 17375-17377 ( 1978). Page 1-11 ~ Revision 1.U Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.8 NATURAL RADIATION The following sections describe background levels of natural radiation and refer the reader to recent reports containing current radiation monitoring data. 1.8. I Back~round (ER Section 2.10) Radiation exposure in the natural environment is due to cosmic and terrestrial radiation and to the inhalation of radon and its daughters. Measurements of the background environmental radioactidty were made at the mill site using thermoluinescent dosimeters (TLDs). The results indicate an average total body dose of 142 millirems per year, of which 68 millirems is attributable to cosmic

• radiation and 74 millirems to terrestrial sources. The cosmogenic radiation dose is estimated to be about I millirem per year. Terrestrial radiation originates from the radionuclides potassium-40.

rubidium-87, and daughter isotopes from the decay of uranium-238, thorium-232, and, to a lesser extent, uranium-235. The dose from ingested radionuclides is estimated at 18 millirems per year to the total body. The dose to the total body from all sources of environmental radioactivity is estimated to be about 161 millirems per year. The concentration of radon in the area is estimated to be in the range of 500 to 1,000 pCi/m 3, based on the concentra(ion of radium-226 in the local soil. Exposure to this concentration on a continuous basis would result in a dose of up to 625 millirems per year to the bronchial epithelium. As ventilation decreases, the dose increases; for example, in unventilated enclosures, the comparable dose might reach 1,200 millirems per year.

• It 11JSERS\Mfl\1\\\ P\MRR\RECL.AMWM.96\FNLDRAffiSECTOI RPT\l'ebrua,y 28, 1997

Page 1-113 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \Vhite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan The medical total body dose for Utah is about 75 millirems per year per person. The total dose in the area vf the mill from natural background and medical exposure is estimated to be 236 millirems per year. 1.8.2 Cum;nt Monitorin~ Data The most recent data for radon, gamma, vegetation, air and stock sampling, groundwater, surface water, meteorological monih)fing, and soil sampling discussed in the following sections are found in the Semi-Annual Effluent Reports for July through December 1995 (Semi-Annual Effluent Report, 1995) (Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. 1996) and the Semi-Annu.il Eflluent Report for January through June 1995 (Semi-Annual Effluent Report, 1995) (Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc., 1995), which

• are reproduced in Appendix A.

1.8.2. l Environmental Radon Until l O CFR 20 standards were reduced to 0.1 pCi/1, environmental radon concentrations were determined by using Track Etch detectors. There was one detector at each of five environmental monitoring stations "ith a duplicate at BHV-2, the nearest residence. See Appendix A. the Semi-Annual Effluent reports, for maps showing these locations. After 1995, with concurrence of the NRC. environmental radon concentrations are no longer measured at these locations due to the lack of sensitivity of available monitoring methods to meet the new IO CFR 20 standard of 0.1 pCi/1.

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Page 1-114 Re\*ision l .O Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\ bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.8.2.2 Environm<<:ntal Gamma Gamma radiation levels are determined by Thermal Luminescent Dosimeters (TLDs). The TLDs are placed at the five envirorunental stations located around the perimeter boundary of the mill site discussed above. The badges are exchanged quarterly. The data are presented in Appendix A. 1.8.2.3 Vegetal , Samples Vegetation samples are collected at three locations around the mill periphery. The sampling locations are northeast. northwest. and southwest of the mill t.1cility. Vegetation samples are collected during early spring. late spring. and fall. Vegetation results are included in Appendix A.

• No trends are apparent. as the Ra-226 and Pb-210 concentrations at el"ch sampling location have remained consistent.

1.8.2.4 Environmental Air Monitoring and Stack Sampling Air monitoring at the White Mesa Mill is conducted at five high volume (40 standard cubic feet per minute) stations located around the periphery of the mill. These locations are shown in Appendix A. BHV -1 is located at the northern mill boundary at the meteorological station site. BHV-2 is further north at the nearest residence. BHV-3 is the background station located approximately three to five miles due east of the mill. BHV-4 is south of Cell 3 and BHV-5 is just south of the ore storage pad. Appendix A, the Semi-Annual Effluent reports, contain air monitoring data. The results of the first quarter 1996 stack samples are presented in Appendix A. These samples were collected during the period between January 27, t 996 and February 3, 1996. Samples were collected

• H II ISERS1MfMIWPIMRR1RECl.AMWM 96,FNLDRAFT\SECTOI RP'Nebruary 28, 1997

Page 1-115 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels ~uclear, Inc. White ~lesa \.1ill Reclamation Plan from the ~onh Yellowca...~ ~:,)er. the South Yellowcake Dryer, and the Yellowcake Baghouse. The Demister Stack and Grizzl:., Stack were not sampled because they were not in operation during that time. The material being processed during that time for recovery of the source material content \,*as a uranium calcium fluoride solid in powder form. which requires no grinding. ~o second quarter 1996 gas ~pies were colJected on any process stack. because material processing and drying operations ceased on \larch 23. 1996. Graphical representation of uranium release rate is presented in Appendix ...\. The south yellowcake dryer and yellowcake baghouse have only been sampled twice. ~o graphs had been generated for those data. Pursuant to ~RC License .Amendment So. 41 for the White Mesa Mill Source Material License No. SLA-1358. air paniculate radionuclide monitoring at BHV-3 was discontinued at the end of the third

• quaner 1995. Sufficient data were accumulated over a 12-year period to adequately establish background radionuclide concentrations. As a result of Amendment No. 41, the air particulate radionuclide concentrations at each monitoring site are calculated by subtracting the appropriate quanerly background average. Appendix A tables show the radionuclide concentrations at each location with background concentrations subtracted, and the results of the dose calculations.

including the 50-year dose commitment to the nearest residence. Appendix A shows the yearly dose to the nearest resident. which is very lnw. No apparent trends are evident. l .8.2.5 Ground"ater Appendix A tables list the groundwater monitoring data and the Quality Control (QC) results. No trends are apparent.

• It l \fR.C, \ff \f "P \tJU. Rl:C l.A\tW\f % f"Sl.DRAFT .SE err, I RYr febnsar) 28. 1997

Page 1-116 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\'bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.8.2.6 Surface Water The results of surface water monitoring are presented in Appendix A. Cottonwood Creek is sampled Semi-annually and Westwater Creek is sampled on an annual basis. No water flowed in Westwater Creek during 1996. ~o trends are apparent. 1.8.2. 7 Meteorological Monitoring The Semi-Annual Air Quality and Meteorology Monitoring Report provided by Enecotech is included in Appendix A.

• II (;SERS' MFM WP' MRR RECLA~1WM 961FNLDRAFTSECTO I RPT February 28, 1997

Page 2-1 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 2.0 EXISTING FACILITY The following sections describe the construction history of the \Vhite Mesa Mill; the mill and mill tailings management facilities: mill operations including the mill circuit and tailings management; and both operational and environmental monitoring. 2.1 Facilit>* CQnstruction Histoo* The White Mesa uranium/vanadium mill was developed in the late l 970's by Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. (EFN) as an outlet for the many small mines that are located in the Colorado Plateau and for the possibility of milling Arizona Strip ores. At the time of its construction, it was anticipated that high

• uranium prices would stimulate ore production. However. prices started to decline about the same time as mill operations commenced.

As uranium prices foll. producers in the region were affected and mine output declined. After about two and one-half years, the White Mesa Mill ceased ore processing operations altogether, began solution recycle. and entered a total shutdown phase. In 19&4, a majority ownership interest was acquired by Union Carbide Corporation's (UCC) Metals Division which later became Umetco Minerals Corporation (l!metco), a wholJy-owned subsidiary of UCC. This pai~nership continued until May 26. 1994 when EFN reassurned complete oMtership. 2.1. l Mill and Tailings Management Facility The Source Materials License Application for the White Mesa Mill was submitted to the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on February 8, 1978. Between this date and the date the

• H l'.SERS' MF:\fWP MRRRECLAMWM 96 FNLDRAFTSECT02 Febl'Uat) 28. 1997

Page 2-2 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan first ore was fod to the mill grizzly on May 6. 1980, several actions were taken including: increasing 1.1ill design rnpacity. permit issuance from the Environmental Protection Agency and the State of Utah. archeologicaJ clearance for the mill and tailings areas. and an NRC pre-operational inspection on May 5, J980. Construction on the tailings area began on August I. 1978 with the movement of earth from the area of Cell 2. Cell 2 was completed on May 4, 1980, Cell I-I on June 29. 1981, and Cell 3 on September

2. 1982. In January of 1990 an additional cell. designated 4A, was completed and placed into use solely for solution storage and evaporation.

2.2 Facility Operations

• In the following subsections. an overview of mill operators and operating periods are followed by descriptions of the operations of the mill circuit and tailings management facilities.

2.2.1 Operating Periods The White Mesa Mill was operated by EFN from the initial start-up date of May 6, 1980 until the cessation of operations in 1983. Umetco. as per agreement between the parties. became the operator of record on January l. 1984. The White Mesa Mill was shut down during all of 1984. The mill operated at least part of each year from 1985 through 1990. Mill operations were again ceased during the years of 1991 through 1994. EFN reacquired sole ownership on May 26, 1994 and the mill operated again during 1995 and 1996. Typical employment figures for the mill are l 18 during uranium-only operations and 138 during uraniwn/vanadium operations.

• H \l!Sl:RS*MFM',WP'MRR.RECLAMWM 961f"'NLDRAFf1.SECT02,fcbruary 28. 1997

Page.>~ Revision l .O Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Mill Circuit While originally designed for a capacity of 1,500 dry tons per day (dtpd.), the mill was boosted to the present rated design of 1980 dtpd. prior to commissioning. The mill uses an atmospheric hot acid leach followed by counter current decantation (CCD). This in tum is followed by a clarification stage which precedes the solvent extraction (SX) circuit. Kerosene containing iso-decanol and tertiary amines extract the uranium and vanadium from the aqueous solution in the SX circuit. Salt and soda ash are then used to strip the uranium and vanadium from the organic phase. After extraction of the uranium values from the aqueous solution in SX, uranium is precipitated with

• anhydrous ammonia, dissolved. and re-precipitated to improve product quality. The resulting precipitate is then washed and dewatered using centrifuges to produce a final product called "yellowcake." The yellowcake is dried in a hearth dryer and packaged in drums weighing approximately 800 to 1.000 lbs. for shipping to converters.

After the uranium values are stnpped from the pregnant solution in SX, the vanadium values are transferred to tertiary amines contained in kerosene and concentrated into an intermediate product called vanadium product liquor (VPL). An intermediate product, anunonium metavanadate (AMV). is precipitated from the VPL using ammonium sulfate in batch precipitators. The AMV is then filtered on a belt filter and, if necessary, dried. Normally, the AMV cake is fed to fusion furnaces when it is converted to the mill's primary vanadium product, V 20~ tech tlake, commonly called "black tlake."

• Ii LSl:RS MFM Wl"MRR Rfll :\MWM 96*FNl.DRAFTSECT0.:?'.fcbruar, .:?8. 1997

Page 2-4 Re\'ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan The mill processed 1,511.544 tons of ore and other materials from May 6. 1980 to February 4. l 983. During tl,e :o,:cond operational period from October l, 1985 through December 7. 1987. ).023,393 tons were processed. During the third operational period from July 1988 through November 1990. 1.015.03.:! tons were processed. During the fourth operational period from August 1995 l.tlrough January 1996. 203.317 tons were processed. The fifth and most recent operational period from May 1996 through September 1996. processed 3,868 tons of calcium fluoride material. Inception to date material processed through September 1996 totals 3,757. 154 tons. This total is for all processing periods combined. 2.2.3 Tailings Management Facilities Taili.ngs produced by the mill typically contain 30 percent moisture by weight. have an in-place dry

• density of 74.2 pounds per cubic foot. have a size distribution with a predominant -325 mesh size fraction. and have a high acid and flocculent content.

The tailings facilities at White Mesa currently consist of four cells as follows:

• Cdl l, constructed with a 30-millimeter (ml) PVC earthen-covered liner, is used for the evaporation of process solution.

• Cell 2, constructed with a JO-millimeter (ml) PVC earthen-covered liner. is used for the storage of barren tailings sands.

• Cell 3. constructed with a JO-millimeter (ml) PVC earthen-covered liner, is used for the storage of barren tailings sands and solutions.

• Cell 4A. constructed with a 40-millimeter (ml) HOPE liner, is currently used only for the storage of solutions.

• II l 'SfRS*Mf!l.fl\'P',MRR°'RfCLAMWM 96,fNLDRAFf'SECT02\February 28. 19Q7

Page ~-5 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan fotal estimated design capacity of Cells 2. 3. and 4A is approximate!y six million (mm) cubic yards. 2.2.J. I Tailings Management Constructed in shallow valleys or swale areas. the lined tailings facilities provide storage below the existing grade and reduce potential exposure. Because the cells are separate and distinct. individual tailings cells may be reclaimed as they are filled to capacity. This phased reclamation approach minimizes the amount of tailings exposed at any given time and reduces potential exposure to a minimum. The perimeter discharge method involves setting up discharge points around the east, north. and west boundaries of the cell. This results in low cost disposal at first, followed by higher disposal costs

• toward the end of the cell's life. The disadvantage to this method is that reclamation activities cannot take place until near the end of the cell's life. This disadvantage was recognized and led to the development of the final grade method.

Slurry disposal has taken place in both Cells 2 and 3. Tails placement accomplished in Cell 2 was hy means of the above described perimeter discharge method. while in Cell 3 the final grade method. described below. has been employed. The final grade method used in Cell 3 calls for the slurry to be discharged until the tailings surface comes up to final grade. The discharge points are set up in the east end of the cell and the final grade surface is advanced to the slimes pool area. When the slimes pool is reached, the discharge points are then moved to the west end of the cell and worked back to the middle. An advantage to using the final grade method is that maximum beach stability is achieved by (I) allowing water to drain from the sands to the maximum extent, and (2) allowing coarse sand deposition to help provide

• H 1USERS\MFM,WPIMRR\RECLAMWM 96*.FNLDRAH SFCT02 February 28, 1997

Page !-6 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\'hite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan stable beaches. Another advantage is that radon release and dust prevention measures ( through the placement of the initial layer of the final cover) are applied as expeditiously as possible. 2.2.3.2 Liquid Management As a zero-discharge facility. the White Mesa Mill must evaporate all of the liquids utilized during processing. This evaporation takes place in three areas:

• Cell I. which is used for solutions oniy;

• Cell 3. in which tailings and solutions exist; and

• Cell 4A. which is currentlv for the evaporation of tailings solutions only.

• The original engineering design indicated a net water gain into the cells would occur during mill operations. As anticipated, this has been proven to be the case. In addition to natural evaporation, spray S) stems have been used at various times to enhance evaporative rates and for dust control. To minimize the net water gain. solutions are recycled from the active tailings cells to the maximum extent possible. Solutions from Cells 3 and 4 are brought back to the CCD circuit where metallurgical benefit can be realized. Recycle to other parts of the mill circuit are not feasible due to the acid content of the solution.

2.3 Monitorina Pro~rams Operational monitoring is defined as those monitoring activities that take place only during operations. This is contrasted with environmental monitoring, which is performed whether or not the mill is in operation.

• If \l'Sl:RS'MFMWP'MRR Rf-CL.AMWM 96 FNI.DRAFTSfCT02'Fcbrulll) 28. IQ97

Page 2- 7 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 2.3.1 Operational Monitoring In the mill facilities area. the operational monitoring programs consist of effluent gas stack sampling; daily inspection of process tanks, lines and equipment; and daily inspection of tailing impoundments and leak detection systems. Quarterly effluent gas stack samples are collected on all mill process stacks when those process systems are operating. These include the yellowcake dryers No. l and No. 2. the vanadium df)er stack. their respective scrubber stacks. the demister stack. and the grizzly stack. A visual inspection is made daily by supervisory personnel of all process tanks and discharge lines in the mill and of the tailings management area. In the event of a failure in one of the normal process streams. corrective actions are *aken to ensure that there are no discharges to the environment.

• Leak detection systems ( "LDS") under each tailings cell are monitored for the presence of solution weekly. If sufficient solution is present in the LOS of Cells 2. 3. or 4 to be pumped, the solution is sampled and analyzed for nickel. chlorides, sulfates, potassium. selenium. and pH.

2.3.2 Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring consists of the following: groundwater and surface water samples; air particulate samples. gamma radiation measurements, soil. and vegetation samples. Refer to the Semi-annual Effluent Reports contained in Appendix A for sampling location, frequency and anal) tical results.

• II .t;SfRS,!l.ffM".WP'MRR*RECLA:\tWM 96,FNLDRAI-TSfCTO.Z*fcbruM) 28. 1997

Page ~-8 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \Vhite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Groundwater Wells MW-6. MW-7. and MW-8 were plugged because they were under Cell 3, as was MW-13. under Cell 4A. Wells MW-9 and MW-10 are dry and have been excluded from the monitoring program. The ten monitoring wells in or near the uppennost aquifer are MW-I. MW-2. MW-3. M\\'-4, MW-5. M\V-11, MW-12, MW-14, MW-15 and MW-17. These wells vary in depth from 94 to 189 feet. Flow rates in these wells vary from 15 gallons per month to IO gallons per hour. The culinary well (one of the supply wells) is completed in the Navajo aquifer, at a depth of approximately 1.800 feet below the ground surface. The groundwater monitoring program consists of parameters measured quarterly and semi-annually. Quarterly parameters include: pH, specific conductance. temperature, depth to water, chlorides.

• sulfates. total dissolved solids (TDS). nickel. potassium, and l 1-natural. The parameters measured on a semi-annual basis, in addition to the quarterly parameters, are: arsenic, selenium. sodium.

radium-226. thorium-230. and lead-210. Semi annual parameters which all measured are: all physical chemical criteria of quarterly sampling as well as additional analyte parameters as. Se Na and RJdionu .. Iides Ra-226, Th-230, and Pb2 l 6. Surface W:tter Surface water samples are taken from the two nearby streams, Westwater Creek and Cottonwood Creek. Cottonwood Creek usually contains running wat r, ~ut has also been dry on occasion. Westwater Creek rarely contains running water. and when it does, it is from :irecipitation runoff. Water samples are collected quarterly from Cottonwood Creek and analyzed for TDS and total suspended solids (TSS). Additional semi-annual water samples are collected at a minimum of four

• II LSERS,MFM,WP'MRR Rf.CLAMWM %1fNLDRAFT.SECT02 1 Fcbru~ 28. 1997

Page 2-9 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White \1esa Mill Reclamation Plan (4) months apart. These samples are analyzed for TDS. TSS. dissolved and suspended lf-nat, Ra-226. and Th-230. Currently the program includes sampling water from Westwater Creek once a year, if the creek is flowing. However. if water is not running. an alternate soil sample is collected from the creek bed. Water samples from Westwater Creek are analyzed for TDS. TSS. Dissolved and Suspended U-nat, Ra-226. and Th-230. If a soil sample is ~ollected. it is analyzed for U-nat and Ra-226 (per License Condition 24C ). Radiation Natural radiation monitoring includes air particulate sampling, gamma radiation measurements. and

• vegetation and soil sampling. Air particulate monitoring is conducted continuously at four monitoring stations located around the periphery of the mill. Gamma radiation measurements.

vegetation sampling, and soil sampling are conducted at five locations. See Section 1.8 for details concerning the monitoring program. Gamma radiation levels are determined at the five environmental monitoring stations and are reported quarterly. "'ith duplicate samples coll'.!cted at the nearest residence . .\pproximately five poWlds of "new growth" vegetation samples are collected from areas "northeast of the mill, northwest of the mill, and southwest of the mill" during early spring, late spring. and late fall. Sample collection areas vary depending on the growth year (i.e. in low or no moisture years it may take an area several acres in size to collect five pounds of vegetation, while in "wet" years a much smaller area is needed). Vegetation is analyzed for radium-226 and lead-210.

• fl liSERS,MFM\WP'MRR.RfCLA,\.IWM %1fNL.DRAfT'.SETT02 fcbruary 28. 1~7

• Page 2-1 o R-:vision I 0 Energy Fuds Nuclear. Inc White \ksa \fill Redamation Plan Soils are ~ampled al each of the ti\c cm :ronmcntal monitoring stations annually in August. rhe soils are analyzed for l *-natural and rndium-.::!.::!6 .

• H I 'il*.R'i Ml'\I \,\P MRR RH I .\M\.\M *N, ~'.',I l)RMT ',I( Ii!~ hbru.u, 28 JW7 I

,r\ * ' ill " .. f' Page 3-1 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Im:. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 3.0 RECLAMATION PLAN This section provides an overvie\\ of the mill location and prnoeny; details the facilities to be reclaimed; anc describes the design criteria applied in this reclamation plan. Reclamation Pla'ls and Specifo..:atiuns are presented in Attachment A. Attachment B presents the 4uality plan for constrw.:tion adivities. Attachment C presents cost estimates for reclamation.

3. I ~ation and Propeny Description rhe White Mesa \1ill is located six miles south of Blanding. Utah on L;s Highway 191 on a parcel of land encompassing all or part of Sections 21. 22, 27, 28. 29. 32. and 33 of T37S. R22E. and Sections 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. and 16 of T38S. R22E. Salt Lake 9ase and Meridian described as follows

• (Fig.ureJ.1-1) lhe south half of Section 21: the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 22: the nonhwest quarter of the northwest quarter and lots I and 4 of Section 27 all that part of the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter and the northwest quarter southwest quarter of Section 27 lying west of Utah State Highway 163; the northeast 4uarter of the northwest quarter, the south haJf of the northwest quarter. the northeast 4uarter and the south half of Section 28; the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter llf Section ~9. the east half of Section 31 and all of Section 33, Township 37 South, Range 2~ East Salt Lake Base and Meridian. Lots l through 4, inclusive. the south half of the north haJt: the southwest quarter. the west half of the southeast quarter, the west half of the east half of the southeast quarter and the west haff of the east half of the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 4; Lots I through 4, inclusive. the south half of the north half and the south half of Section 5 (at)); Lots I and 2, the

• ti l, .. R", ~UM\\P'MRR RH I .*\MWM%F.,H.DRAFTSFCTOJ RPTFcbruary 28. 1997

Page_, Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan south half of the northeast quarter and the south half of Section 6 (El/:!): the northeast quarter of Section 8: all of Section 9 and all of Section 16. To\\nship 38 South. Range ::!::! East. Salt Lake Base and Meridian. Containing approximately 4.87 l acres .

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• Page 3-4 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White ~1esa Mill Reclamation Plan f aciiities to be Reclaimed See figure 3.2-1 for a general layout of the mill yard and related facilities and the restricted area b-\1undJry. 3.~. I Summary of Facilities to he Reclaimed The facilities to be reclaimed include the following:

• Cdl I (evaporative). Cells 2 and 3 (tailings) and Ceil 4A (solutions only).

• Mill buildings and equipment.

• On-site contaminated areas .

• Off-site contaminated areas (i.e .. potential areas affected by windblown tailings).

The reclamation of the above facilities will include the following:

• Placement of materials and debris from mill decommissioning in tailings Cells 2 and 3.

• Placement of contaminated soils. crystals, and synthetic liner material from Cell I in tailings Cells 2 and 3.

• Placement of ... ontaminated soils. crystals and synthetic liner material from Cell 4A in tailings Cells 2 and 3.

• Placement of an engineered multi-layer cover on Cells 2 and 3.

• Construction of runoff control and diversion channels as necessary.

• Reconditioning of mill and ancillary areas.

• Reclamation of borrow sources.

• II I 'Sl::RS 1MFM\WP1MRR1RECI.AMWM 96\FNLDRAFT,SECfUJ RPr.Jcbruary 28. 1997

DOCUMENT PAGE(S) PULLED SEE APERTURE CARD FILES APERTURE CARD/PAPER COPY AVAILABLE THROUGH NRC FILE CENTER

• • • • • • • • • • • y**********~****************************************************

NUMBER OF OVERSIZE PAGES FILMED ON APERTURE CARD(S) ___/___ ACCESSION NUMBERS uF OVERSIZE PAGES: Page 3-6 Revision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\bite ~tesa Mill Reclamation Plan ., , ., Tailings and h aporative Cells ~'*-*- lbe following subsections describe the cover design and reclamation procedures for Cells 11. 2. 3. and 4A. Complete engineering details and text are presented in the Tailings Cover Design repon. Appendix D. J.2.2.1 Soil (\ner Design A six-foot thick soil lll\ er ti.)r the urani.um tailings in Cell 2 and Cell 3 was designed using on-site materials that will ~untain tailings and radon emissions in compliance with regulations of the L;nited States Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") and by reference. the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA"). The cover consists of a one-foot thick layer of clay. available from within the site

• houndari~s (Section 16). below two feet of random fill. available from stockpiles on site. The clay is underlain by three feet (minimum) random fill soil. also available on site. In addition to the soil cover. a minimum three inch (on the cover top) to 12-inch (on the cover slopes) layer of riprap material will he placed over the compacted random fill to stabilize slopes and provide long-term erosion resistance.

l "ranium tailings soil cover design requirements for regulatory compliance include:

• Attenuate radon flux to an acceptable level (20 picoCuries-per meter squared-per second

[pCiim~,'sec]) (NRC. I 989);

• Minimize infiltration into the reclaimed tailings cells;

" Maintain a design life of up to 1.000 years or to the extent reasonably achievable, and in any case for at least 200 years: and

• Provide long-term slope stability and geomorphic durability to withstand erosional forces of

• H I SIRS.Mf-11,f'.WP'MRR,Rf.ll.AMWM 9o,fNl.DRAFTSfCT03 RPTFcbruary 21!. IW7

Page ~- 7 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Im:. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan wind. the probable maximum flood event. and a horizontal ground acceleration of 0.1 g due to seismic C\ ents. Several models/an.!lyses were utilized in simulating the soil cover effectiveness: radon tlux attenu..1tion. hydrologic evaluation of infiltration. freeze/thaw effects, soil cover erosion protection, and static anJ pseudostatic slope stability analyses. These analyses and results are discussed in detail in Sections 3.3.1 through 3.3.5. and calculations are also sho\\11 in the Tailings Cover Design report, Appendix D. The soil cover (from top to the bottom) will consist of: ( l) minimum of three inches of riprap material: ( 2) two feet of compacted random fill; (3) one foot of compacted clay; and ( 4) minimum three feet of compacted random fill soil. The final grading plan is presented in Section 5. hgure 5.1-1. As indicated on the figures, the top

• slope of the soil cover will be constructed at 0.2 percent and the side slopes, as well as transitional areas betv.een cells. will be graded to five horizontal to one vertical (5H: IV).

A minimum of three fret random till is located beneath the compacted fill and clay layers (see cross-

.,;ections on Figures 5.1-2 and 5.1-J). The purpose of the fill is to raise the base of the cover to the desired subgrade elevation. In many areas, the required fill thickness will be much greater.

However. the models and analyses presented in the Tailings Cover Design report (Appendix D) were performed con~rvatively, assuming only a three-foot layer. For modeling purposes, this lower, random till layer was considered as part of the soil cover for performing the radon flux attenuation ,akulation. as it etlectively contributes to the reduction ofradon emissions (see Section 3.J. l ). The !ill was also evaluated in the slope stability analysis (see Section 3.3.6). However. it is not defined as part of the soil cover for other design calculations (infiltration, freeze/thaw, and cover erosion). Page 3-8 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Redamation Plan J.2.2.2 ('ell 1-1 Cell 1-1. used solely for evaporation of process liquids. is the northernmost existing cell and is located immediately west of the mill. It is also the highest cell in elevation. as the natural topography slopes 10 the south. The drainage an:a above and including the cell is 216 acres. This includes drainage from the mill site. Cdl 1-1 will be evaporated to dryness. The synthetic liner and raffinate crystals will then be removed and placed in the tailings cells. Any contaminated soils below the liner will be removed and also placed in the tailings cells. Based on current regulatory criteria, the current plan calls for excavation of the residual radioactive materi.1L; to be desi~ned to ensure that the concentration of ra<lium-226 in land averaged over any area of 100 square meters does not exceed the background

• level by more than:

• 5 pl'i.'g. averaged over the first 15 cm of soil below the surface. and

• 15 pCi.'g, averaged over a 15 cm thick layer of soil more than 15 cm below the surface.

Cdl 1-l \\ill then be breached and converted to a sedimentation basin. All runoff from the mill area and immediately north of the cell will be routed into the sedimentation basin and will discharge onto the natural ground via the thannel located at the southwest comer of the basin. The channel is designed to accommodate the PMF flood. The HEC-1 model was used to determine the PMF and route the tlood through the sedimentation basin. The peak flow was determined to be 1,987 cubic feet per second (cfs). A 100-foot wide channel will discharge the flow to the natural drai1tage. During the local storm PMF event, the maximum discharge through the channel will he 746 cfs. The entire tlood volume will pas~ through

• II ,I :stRS'!\.fFM' WP MRR' RH IAMWM 96,FNLDRAFTSf(.' f0.1 RPTFebrull) 28. 11197

Page 3-9 Re\ision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \Vhite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan the discharge channel in approximately four hours.

\t peak flow. the velocit) in the discharge channel will be J.5 foet per second (fps). The maximum flow depth will be 2.2 feet. Twenty-f0ur inches of riprap having a nominal (u,11 ) size of 12 inches will be placed on the bottom and up the sides of the channel. A free board depth of 0.5 feet will be maintained for the P\1P event.

3..2.2.3 Cell 2 Cell 2 will be filled with tailings and covered with a multi-layered engineered cover to a minimum cover thickness of six teet. The final cover will drain to the south at a 0.2 percent gradient.

• The cover will consist of a minimum of three feet of random fill, followed by a clay radon b..uTier of one foot in thickness. and two feet of upper random fill for protection of the radon barrier. A minimum of three inches of rock will be utilized as armor lgainst erosion. Side slopes will be graded to a 5: I slope and will have one foot of rock armor protection.

3.2.2.4 Cell 3 Cell 3 will be filled with tailings. debris and contaminated soils and covered with the same multi-layered engineered cover as Cell 2. 3.2.2.5 Cell 4A Cell 4A will be evaporated to dryness and the crystals. synthetic liner and any contaminated soils placed in tailings. Non-contaminated materials in cell 4A dikes will be used to reduce the southern

• II l'SFRS*MFMWP'MRR'Rfl'l :\,\1W\.19ld'NLORAFT-SECT03 RPl'Fcbruary 28. 1997

Page 3-10

• slopes of Cd! 3 from the current 3:1 to 5:l.

Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 3.2 3 Mill Decommissioning A general layout of the mill area is shown in Figure 3.2.3-1. 3.2.3.1 Mill Building and Equipment The uranium and vanadium sections. including ore reclaim. grinding. pre-leach. leach. CCD. SX. and precipitation and drying circllits will be decommissioned as follows: All eyuipment including instrumentation. process piping. electrical control and switchgear, and

• contaminated structures will be removed. Contaminated concrete foundations will be demolished and removed or covered with soil as required. Uncontaminated equipmem. structures and waste materials from mill decommissioning may be disposed of by sale, transferred to other company-o\\ned facilities. transferred to an appropriate off-site solid waste site. or disposed of in one of the tailings cells. C'nntaminated equipment, structures and waste materials from mill decommissioning, contaminated soils underlying the mill areas. and ancillary contaminated materials will be disposed of in tailings cells.

Debris and scrap will have a maximum dimension of 20 feet and a maximum volume of 30 cubic feet. Material exceeding these limits will be reduced to within the acceptable limits by breaking. cutting or other approved methods. Empty dri 1ms, tanks or other objects having a hollow volume greater than five cubic feet will be reduced in volume by at least 70 percent. If volume reduction is not feasible. openings shall be made in the object to allow soils or other approved material to enter the object.

• ll l.'SERS\MFM'WP ,,!RR'RfCLAMWM Qt,,F!'-.l.DRAFf\SECTOJ RPT\fcbruary 28. 1997

Page 3-11 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Debris and scrap will be spread across the designated areas to avoid nesting and to reduce the volume ohoi<ls present in the placed mass. Stockpiled soils. and 'or orher approved material shall be placed over and into the scrap in sutlicient amounts to fi l' the voids between the large pieces and the volume within the hollow pieces to fonn a coherent mass .

• fl ',l!SERW,1FM\WP'MRR1RECLAMWM Q6\FNLDRAFTSECT03 RPT'Fcbruary 28. 1997

DOCUMENT PAGE(S) PULLED SEE APERTURE CARD FILES APERTURE CARD/PAPER COPY AVAILABLE THROUGH NRC FILE CENTER NUMBER OF OVERSIZE PAGES FILMED ON APERTURE CARD(S) / ACCESSION NUMBERS OF OVERSIZE PAGES: 97o~o1008?-.o_S(_ __ Page 3-13 Revision l.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 3.2.3.2 Mill Site Contc.1minated areas on the mill site will he primarily superficial and includes the ore storage area and surface contamination of some roads. All ore will have been previously removed from the ore stockpile area. Ali contaminated materials ,viii he excavated and be disposed in one of the tailings cells. The depth of excavation will vary depending on the extent of contamination and ,., ill he governed by the criteria in Section 4.3.2.1. Windblo\\-n material is defined as mill-derived contaminants dispersed by wind to surrounding areas. Windblown contaminated material detected by a gamma survey using the criteria in Section 4.3 .2.1 will be excavated and disposed in one of the tailings cells.

• Disturbed areas will be covered, graded and vegetated as required. The proposed grading plan for the mill site and ancillary areas is shown on Figure A-3.2-1 in Attachment A.

3.3 Desiio Critaul The design criteria swnmaries in this section are adapted from Tailinas Cover Desian, Wbite Mesa Mill (Titan. 1996). A copy of the Tailings Cover Design report is included as Appendix D. It ~ontains all of t~e calculations used in design discussed in this section. 3.3.1 Ri:gulatory Criteria lnformati\,ii ._*11ntained in 10 CFR Part 20. Appendix A. 10 CFR Part 40, and 40 CFR Part 192 was used as criteria in final designs under this reclamation plan. In addition, the following documents also provid1:d guidance:

• H l \I RS,Mf'!\.1' WP' MRR RH'l 4.MWM 96\FNLDRAfT\SECTOJ RPT'.Februlll')' 28. 1997

Page 3-14 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994, "The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) Model, Version 3." EPN600/R-94/168b, September.

• Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 1989. "Regulatory Guide 3.64 (Task WM-503-4)

Calculation of Radon Flux Attenuation by Earthen Uranium Mill Tailings Covers," March.

• NRC. 1980. "Final Staff Technical Position Design of Erosion Protection Covers for Stabilization of Uranium Mill Tailings Sites." August.

• NUREG/CR-4620, Nelson. J. D .. Abt, S. ~-,et.al.. 1986, "Methodologies far Evaluating Long-Term Stabilization Designs of Uranium Mill Tailings Impoundments," June.

• NUREGICR-4651, 1987, "Development of Riprap Design Criteria by Riprap Testing in Flumes: Phase 1," May.

• U.S. Department of Energy. 1988. "Effect of Freezing and Thawing on UMTRA Covers,"

Albuquerque. New Mexico, October .

• 3.3.2 Radon Flux Attenuation The Environm-.*ntal Protection Agency (EPA) rules in 40 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 192 require that a "uranium tailings cover be designed to produce reasonable assurance that the radon-222 release rate would not exceed 20 pCi/m2/sec for a period of 1,000 years to the extent reasonably achievable and in any case for at least 200 years when averaged over the disposal area over at least a one year period" (NRC, 1989). NRC regulations presented in IO CFR Part 40 also restrict radon tlux to less than 20 pCi/m 2/sec. The following sections present the analyses and design for a soil cover which meets this requirement.

3.3.2.1 Predictive Analysis The soil cover for the tailings cells at White Mesa Mill was evaluated for attenuation of radon gas

• II *USFRS1MfM\WP\MRk1RECLAMWM Qn\FNLDRAfT\SECTOJ RPT\fcbruary 28, 1997

Page 3-15 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan using the digital computer program. RADON. presented in the NRC's Regulatory Guide 3.64 (Task WM 503-4) entitled "Calculation of Radon Flux Attenuation by Earthen Uranium Mill Tailings Covers." The RADON model calculates radon-222 flux attenuation by multi-layered earthen uranium mill tailings covers. and determines the minimum cover thickness required to meet NRC and EPA standards. The RADON model uses the following soil properties in the calculation process:

• Soil layer thkkness [centimeters (cm));

• Soil porosity (percent):

• Density [grams-per-cubic centimeter ( gm/cm 3 *

• Weight percent moisture (percent);

• Radium activity (piC/g );

• Radon emanation coefficient (unitless): and

• Diffusion coefficient [square centimeters-per-second (cm 2/sec) J.

Physical and radiological properties for tailings and random fill were analyzed by Chen and Associates (1987) and Rogers and Associates (1988). Clay physical data from Section 16 was analyzed by Advanced Terra Testing ( 1996) and Rogers and Associates (1996). See Appendix D for laboratory test data results. The RADON model was performed for the following cover section (from top to bottom):

• two feet compacted random fill;

• one foot compacted clay; and

• a minimum of three feet random fill occupying the freeboard space between the tailings and clay layer.

• U USERS'MfM\WP'-MRRRECl.AMWM 96\FNLDRAFl'SECTOJ RPr,February 28, 1997

Page 3-16

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan The top one foot of the lower random r" <')av layer and two foot upper random fill are compacted to 95 percent maximum dry density. TI- * *r riprap layer was not included as part of the soil cover for the radon attenuation calculation. The results of the RADON modeling exercise show that the uranium tailings , over configuration will attenuate radon flux emanating from the tailings to a level of 17.6 pCi/m~/sec. This number was conservatively calculated :i~ it takes into account the freeze/thaw effect on the uppermost part (6.8 inches) of the cover (Section 3.3.4). The soil ~over and tailing parameters used to run the RADON model. in addition to the RADON input and output data files, are presented in Appendix D as part of the Radon Calculation brief (See Appendix B in the T iil;ngs Cover Design report, included herewith in its entirety '1!> Appendix D). Based on the model results, the soil cover design of six-foot thickness wi 11 meet the requirements of 40 CFR Part 192 and l O CFR Part 40 .

• 3.3.2 ..:! Empirical Data Radon g~" flux measurements have been made at the White Mesa Mill tailings piles over Cells 2 and 1 ( see Appendix D ). Currently these cells are partially covered with three to four feet of random fill.

Radon flux measurements. averaged over the covered areas. were as follows (EFN. 1996): Cell 2 7.7 pCii:1:' sec 6.1 pCi/m:!/sec Cell 3 7.5 pCi/m~/sec 11. l pCi/m 2/sec Empirical data suggest that the random fill cover. alone, is currently providing an effective barrier to radon flux. Thus, the proposed tailings cover configuration, which is thicker, moisture adjusted, contains a clay layer, and is compacted, is expected to attenuate the radon flux to a level below that

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Page 3-17

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill ~...:damation Plan predicted by the lt.\DO:'\ model. The field radon flu.\ measurements confirm the conservatism o:* the cover design. This conscr\atism is useful, however. to guarantee compliance with NRC regulations under long term climatic conditions over the required design life of 200 to 1.000 years. 3.3.3 Infiltration Anal)sis The tailings ponds at \\ bite Mesa Mill are lined with synthetic geomembrane liners which under certain climatic conditions. could potentially lead to the long-term accumulation of water from infiltration of precipitation. Thuefore. the soil cover was evaluated to estimate the potential magnitude uf infiltration into the capped tailings ponds. Tiie Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance f HELP) model. Version 3.0 (EPA. 1994) was used for the analysis. HELP is a quasi two-dimensional hydrologic model of water movement across. into. through. and out of capped and

• lined impoundments. The model utilizes weather. soil, and engineering design data as input to the model. to account for the effects of surface storage. snowmelt, run-off, infiltration, evapotranspiration. vegetative gro"1h. soil moisture storage, lateral subsurface drainage. and unsaturated vertical drainage on the specific design, at the specified location.

The soil cover was e\*aluated based on a two-foot compacted random fill layer over a one-foot thick, compacted clay layer. The soil cover layers were modeled based on material placement at a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density, and within two percent of the optimum moisture content per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) requirements. The top riprap layer and the bottom random fill layer were not included as part of the soil cover for infiltration calculations. These two layers are not playing any role in controlling the infiltration through the cover material. The random fill will consist of clayey sands and silts with random amounts of gravel and rock-size

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Page 3-18

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

\\bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan materials. The a\cragc hydraulic conductivity of several samples of random fill was calculated. based on laboratory tests. to be 8.87 x 10* 1 cm/sec. The hydraulic conductivity of the clay source from Section 16 was measured in the laboratory to be 3. 7 x I 0*1 cm/sec. Geotechnical soil properties and laboratory data are presented in Appendix D. Key HELP model input parameters include:

• Blanding, Utah. monthly temperature and precipitation data. and HELP model default solar radiati~. and evapotranspiration data from Grand Junction. Colorado. Grand Junction is located northeast of Blanding in similar climate and elevation;

• Soil cover configuration identifying the number of layers. layer types. layer thickness, and the total covered surface area; lndi vi dual layer material characteristics identifying saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity. wilting point. field capacity, and percent moisture; and

• Soil Consenation Service runoff curve numbers, evaporative zone depth. maximum leaf area index. and anticipated vegetation quality.

Water balance results. as calculated by the HELP model, indicate that precipitation would either run-off the soil cover or be evaporated. Thus, model simulations predict zero infiltration of surface water through the soil cover, as designed. These model results are conservative and take into account the free7.e/thaw effects on the uppermost part (6.8 inches) of the cover ( See Section l .3 of the Tailings Cover Design report. Appendix D). The HELP model input and output for the tailings soil cover are presented in the HELP Model calculation brief included in Appendix D.

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Page 3-19

• 3.3.4 Freeze/Thaw E\'al uation Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

\Vhite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan The tailings soil cover of one foot of compacted clay co\'ered by two feet of random fill was e\*aluated for freeze 1thaw impacts. Repeated freeze/thaw cycles have been shown to increase the bulk soil permeability by breaking down the compacted soil structure. The soil cover was evaluated for freeze/thaw effects using the modified Berggren equation as presented in Aitken :..1, 1 Berg ( 1968) and recommended by the NRC (U.S. Department of Energy, 1988). This evaluation was based on the properties of the random fill and clay soil, and meteorologiral data from both Banding, Utah and Grand Junction, Colorado. The results of the freeze/thaw evaluation indicate that the anticipated maximum depth of frost

• penetration on the soil cover would be less than 6.8 inches. Since the random fill layer is two feet thick, the frost depth would be confined to this layer and would not penetrate into the underlying clay layer. The performance of the soil cover to attenuate radon gas flux below the prescribed standards. and to prevent surface water infiltration. would not be compromised. The input data and results of the freeze/thaw evaluation are presented in the Effects of Freezing on Tailings Covers Calculation brief included as Appendix E in the Tailings Cover Design report. which is included herewith as Appendix D.

3.3.5 Soil Cover Erosion Protection A riprap layer was designed for erosion protection of the tailings soil cover. According to NRC guidance. the design must be adequate to protect the soil/tailings against exposure and erosion for 200 to 1.000 years (NRC 1990). Currently, there is no standard industry practice for stabilizing tailings for 1.000 years. However. by treating the embankment slopes as wide channels, the

• H USERS',MFM\WP',MRR,RfCLAMWM 96\fNLDRAITSECTO..i RPT\fcbruary 28, 1997

Page 3-20 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan hydraulic design principles and practices associated with channel design were used to design stable slopes that will not erode. Thus. a conservative design based on NRC guidelines was developed. Engineering details and calculations are summarized in the Erosion Protection Calculation brief provided in Appendix F in the Tailings Cover Design report, which is included herewith as Appendix 0. Riprap cover specifications for the top and side slopes were determined separately as the side slopes are much steeper than the slope of the top uf fr~~ cover. The size and thickness of the riprap on the top of the cover was calculated using the Safety Factor Method (NUREG/CR-4651, 1987). while the Stephenson Method (NUREG/CR-4651. 1987) was used for the side slopes. These methodologies were chosen based on NRC recommendations ( 1990).

• By the Safety Factor Method. riprap dimensions for the top slope were calculated in order to achieve a slope "safety factor" of 1.1. For the top of the soil cover. with a slope of 0.2 percent, the Safety Factor Method indicated a median diameter (D50 ) riprap of 0.28 inches is required to stabilize the top slope. However. this dimension must be modified based on the long-term durability of the specific rock type to be used in construction. The suitability of rock to be used as a protective cover must be assessed by laboratory tests to determine the physical characteristics of the rocks. The sandstones from the contluence of Westwater and Cottonwood Canyons require an oversizing factor of 25 percent. Therefore. riprap created from this sandstone source should have a 0~0 size of at least 0.34 inches and should have an overall layer thickness of at least three inches on the top of the cover.

Riprap dimensions for the side slopes were calculated using Stephenson Method equations. The side slopes of the cover are designed at SH: IV. At this slope, Stephenson's Method indicated the unmodified riprap D50 of 3.24 inches is required. Again, assuming that the on-site sandstone will be used, the modified 0 50 size of the riprap should be at least 4.05 inches with an overall layer

• U *LSF.RS\.MFl\fWP'*MRR'RfCl.\MWM 96*f~LDRAFT.SECT03 RPTF.:brua,; 28. 19Q7

Page 3-2 l Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan thickness of at least t 2 inches. The potential of erosion damage due to overland flow. sheetflow. and channel scouring on the top anJ side slopes of the cover. including the riprap layer, has been evaluated. Overland flow calculations were perfonned using site meteorological data. cap design specifications. and guidelines set by the NRC (NUREG:CR-4620, 1986). These calculations are included in Appendix F of the Tailings Cover Design report. According to the guidelines, overland flow velocity estimates are to be compared to "permissible velocities," which ha,. -: been suggested by the NRC, to determine the potential fi.)r erosion damage. \Vhen calculated, overland flow velocity estimates exceed permissible velocities, additional cover protection should be c<'-:-idered. The per:nissible velocity for the tailings cover (including the riprap layer) is 5.0 to 6.0 fe'- per-second (ft./sec.) (NUREG/CR-4620). The overland tlow velocity cakulated for the top of the co"er is less than 2.0 ft./sec .. and the calculated

• velocity on the side slopes is 4.9 ft./sec. Therefore, the erosion potential of the slopes, due to overland tlowichannel scouring. is within acceptable limits and no additional erosion protection is required.

J.J.6 Slope Stability Analysis Static and pseudostatic analyses were performed to establish the stability of the side slopes of the tailings soil cover. The side slopes are designed at an angle of 5H: IV. Because the side slope along the southern section of Cell 4A is the longest and the ground elevation drops rapidly at its base. this slope was determined to be critical and is thus the focus of the stability analyses. The computer software package GSLOPE. developed by MITRE Software Corporation, has been used for these analyses to determine the potential for slope failure. GSLOPE applies Bishop's Method of slices to identify thf* critical failure surface and calculate a factor of safety (FOS). The

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Page 3-22

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan slope geometry and properties of the construction materials and bedrock are input into the model. f"hese data and drawings are included in the Stability Analysis of Side Slopes Calculation brief included in Appendix G of the Tailings Cover Design report. For this analysis, competent bedrock is designated at lO feet below the lowest point of the foundation [i.e., at a 5,540-foot elevation above mean sea level (msl)J. This is a conservative estimate. based on the borehole logs supplied by Chen and Associates ( 1979). which indicate bedrock near the surface. 3.3.6.1 Static Analysis For the static analysis, a Factor of Safety ("FOS") of 1.5 or more was used to indicate an acceptable level of stability. The calculated FOS is 2.91, which indicates that the slope should be stable under static conditions. Results of the computer model simulations are included in Appendix G of the

• Tailings Cover Design report.

3.3.6.2 Pseudostatic Analysis (Seismicity) The slope stability analysis described above was repeated under pseudostatic conditions in order to estimate a FOS for the slope when a horizontal ground acceleration of 0. t Og is applied. The slope geometry and material properties used in this analysis are identical to those used in the stability analysis. A FOS of 1.0 or more was used to indicate an acceptable level of str.bility under pseudostatic conditions. The calculated FOS is 1.903, which indicates that the slope should be stable under dynamic conditions. Details of the analysis and the simulation results are included in Appendix G of the Tailings Cover Design report. In June of 1994, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ("LLNL") published a report entitled Seismic Hazard &lalysis of Title II Reclamation Plans, (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

• U l.'StRS MFi\,f\\H)\.MRR,Rf.tLA\!WM %*.fNl.DRAFTSE:CTOJ RPTFebruar,- 28. llN7

Page 3-23

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1994 I which included a section on seismic activity in southern Utah. In the LLNL report. a horizontal ground accderation of 0.12g was proposed for the White Mesa site. The evaluations made by LLNL were conservative to account for tectonically active regions that exist. for example. near Moab. Litah. Although. the LLNL report states that "... [Blanding) is located in a region known for its scarcity of recorded seismic events." the stability of the cap design slopes using the LLNL factor was evaluated. The results of a sensitivity analysis reveal that when considering a horizontal ground acceleration of 0.12g. the calculated FOS is I. 778 which is still above the required value of 1.0. indicating adequate safety under pseudostatic conditions. This analysis is also included in Appendix G of the Tailings Cover Design report. 3.3.7 Ct>ver MateriaL'Cover Material Volumes

• Construction materials for reclamation will be obtained from on-site locations. Fill material will be available from the stockpiles that were generated from excavation of the cells for the tailings facility.

If required. additional materiaJs are available locally to the west of the site. A clay material source. identified in Section 16 at the southern end of the White Mesa Mill site. will be used to construct the one-foot compacted clay layer. Riprap material will be produced from on-site sandstone. Detailed material quantities calculations are provided in Attachment C. Cost Estimates for Reclamation of White Mesa Mill Facilities. as part of the volume and costing exercise.

• II ,l:SfRS*MfM'-WP'MRR*RfClAMWM 96,FNLDR.'\Fl'Sf.CTOJ RPT,february 28. 19Q7

• PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS ATTACHMENT A FOR RECLAMATION OF WHITE MESA FACILITIES BLANDING. CTAH

• PREPARED BY ENERGY FUELS NUCLEAR. INC.

THREE PARK CENTRAL 1515 ARAPAHOE STREET. SUITE 900 DENVER. COLORADO 80202

• l Sl'RS MH.f'Wf>\1RR',R£CL.-\~\H19t, }"'II DRAFT .., rr .\ h:bru~ 28. f9Q7

Page .-\-i Revision J .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. J.0 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A- J 2.0 CELL 1-1 RECLAMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. A-1 2.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 .., .., Removal of Contaminated Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 2.2. l Raffinate Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-I Synthetic Liner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 2.2.3 Contaminated Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 2.2.4 Sedimentation Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 3.0 MILL DECOMMISSIONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

• 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 Mill Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A- 7 Windblown Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 3.3.1 Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 3.3.2 General Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 3.3.3 Scoping Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10 3.3.4 Characterization and Remediation Control Surveys . . . . . . . . . . A-11 3.3.5 Final Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-J J 4.0 PLACEMENT METHODS .................................... A-14

4. J Scrap and Debris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14 4.2 Contaminated Soils and Raffinate Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-15 4.3 Compaction Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-15 5.0 CELLS 2. 3 AND 4A ...... . ................................ A-16 5.1 Earth Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16

• l'SfRSMFM'-WPMRRRf:CL.AMWM 'ln.fNLDRAFT'.A IT A February :!8. 1'197

Page :-\-ii Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page No. 5.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................ A-16 5.2. l Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16 5.2.2 Borrow Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 5.J Cover Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 5.3. I General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 5.3.2 Placement and Compaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 ~ 3.2. l Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 5.3.2.2 Moisture and Density Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19

• 5.4 r\:tonitoring Cover Settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20 5.4.1 Temporary Settlement Plates ......................... A-20 5.4.l.l General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20 5.4. l .2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22 5.4. l.3 Monitoring Settlement Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22 6.0 ROCK PROl ECTIOJ\: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22 6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22 6.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24 6.3 Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25

• l \l:RS ~H\I V. P ~IRR*RH'l.A\1\1.M 96,FNLDRAFTATfA Februan 28. l<J97

Pag\;' .-\-iii Re, ision I 0 Energy Fuels :':uclear. Inc. White \fesa \till Redamation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued> Page '.\io. 7.0 QUALITY CONTROLQL'ALITY ASSCRA~CE A-25 7.1 Quality Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25 7.2 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  :\-26 7.3 Quality Control Procedures .................... . A-:26 7.4 Frequency of Quality Control Tests ........ . A-26

• I 'Sl:RS MF\f\WP MRR'RFlLAMW,1 96 FNI DRAFT A rT.A. februan 28. 1997

Page .\-1 Rc\is1on l 0 Fncrg~ I* uels '~udear. In..: White \ksa \till Redamation Plan 10 <if ~l:R.\I I'hc 'SJ)C'-7tfo.:ations presented tn this se..:tion i.:on:r the redamation of the White \ksa ~1ill t'i11..:ilities. ~ o CU I 1-1 Rl*CL\\lA r!ON rhe rcdamauon of Cd! 1-1 .. onsists 1.>f evaporating the cell to dryness. remov;ng ratlinate Cf) stals. s~ nthctic lina anJ ,m~ contaminated soils. A sedimentation l,asin will then be i.:onstructed and a drarnage ,hannci pro\ ided . 2 2.1 Raffinate Cr)stats RaHinatc c~ stals will be rcmO\ ::d from Cell l -1 and transported to the tailings cell:., It is anticipated that the i.:l;, stab\\ ill have a ~un~istency similar to a granular material \.\hen brought to the cells. with large: i.:r~ stal massc'i ht:rng broken down for mmspon. Placement of the Cr) stals will be perfonned as a granular till. \.. 1th care hei.,g taken to avoid nesting 1lf large s1z.ed materi ti Void~ around large material will be tilled v.tth finer mattriaJ or ihe ay'ital mass brokt!n down b) the placing c'-luipment Actual pl.1cement procedure'i will be evaluated b) the Qt' offo.:er during construction a-. cry*,tal materials arc brought and placed in the ceJis. Pag.c . ,-2 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels ~uclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan S} nthetic Liner rht' PVC liner will he cut up. folded I \\*hen necessary), removed from Cell 1-1. and transported to the tailings cells. rhe liner material will be spread as flat as practical over the designated area. After plm.:cn,ent. the liner \\ i II be covered as soon a-. possible with at least one foot of soil. crystals or other materials for protectwn against wiml as approved b} the f)C officer. 2.2.J t *ontaminated Soils TJ1e extent ot contamination of the mill site \\ ill be detennined by a scintillometer survey. If necessa11. a correlation between scimillometer readings and C-nat/Radium-226 concentrations will be dewloped. Scintillometer readings can then be used to ddine cleanup areas and to monitor the

• cleanup. Soil samnlmg will he conducted to confinn that the cleanup results in a concentration of Radium- ~26 averaged over any area \)f l 00 s4uare meters that does not exceed the background level b~ more than:

5 pl' i g averaged 1.n er the first 15 cm of soils below the surface. and 15 pC i. g averaged over a 15 cm thkk layer of soils more than 15 cm below the surface \\, nere sul'\ eys indi,ate the above criteria have not been achieved. the soil will be removed to meet the criteria. Soil removed from Cell 1-1 ""ill he excavated and transponed to the tailings cells. Placement and compadion will be in accordan~e with Section 4.0 of these Pl'lns and Specifications. Page .-\-J Re\*is1on 1.0 Energy Fuels ~uclear. Inc. White ~lesa \till Reclamation Plan Sedimentation Basin Cell 1-1 will then be hreached and constructed as a sedimentation basin. All runoff from the mill area and immediately north of the cell will be routed into the sedimentation basin and will discharge onto the natural ground , ia the channel located at the southwest comer of the basin. The channel is designed to accummoJatc the PMF tlood. A sedimentation basin" ill he constructed in Cell l-1 as shO\.\'tl in Figure A2.2.4-l. Grading will be perfonned to promote drainage and proper functioning of the basin. The drainage channel out of the sedimentation basin will be constructed to the lines and grades as sho\\.n .

• I ,1-R, \11-M \\ P' \tRR RH l \\1\A, \t 9n F,t llR:\F I' A fl<\ h:bruar. 28. l'N.,

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• .1.0 \!ILL 01-:C0\1\tlSSJO:--.;J;-..;<.;

Revisilm I J l Energy Fuds Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan rhe following subsections detail decommissioning plans for the mill buildings and equipment: the mill site; and windblown contamination. 3.1 ~ The uranium and vanadium processing areas of the mill. including all equipment. structures and "upport fadities. will he decommissioned and disposed of in tailini;s or buried on site as appropriate. All equipment. including tankage and piping. agitation equipment. process control instrumentation and switchgear. and contaminated structures will be cut up. removed and buried in tailings prior to final cover placement. Concrete structures and foundations will bf: demolished and

• removed or covered \\ith soil as appropriate. These decommissioned areas would include. but not be limited to the folluwing:

• Coarse ore oin and associated equipment. conveyors and structures.

• Grind circuit including semi-autogeneous grind (SAG) mill. screens. pumps and cyclones.

• The three preleach tanks to the east of the mill building, including all tankage.

agitation equipment. pumps and piping.

• The seven leach tanks inside the main mill building. including all agitation equipment. pumps and piping.

• The counter-current decantation (CCD) circuit including all thickener~ and equipment. pumps and piping.

• l 'ranium precipitation circuit. including all thickeners. pumps and p:ping .

• I \I' R\ \IHI\\ P \IRR RH I .\ \1 \\ ,1 w. F"-1 DR..\IT ,.\ rl ,\ h:Druan 211. I W7

Page .-\-6 Re,ision 1.0 Energy Fuds ~uclear, Inc. White \1t:sa \till Reclamation Plan

• The t\\ o ~ dlow cake dryers and all mechanical and electrical support equipment .

induJing uranium packaging equipment.

• !"he dariticrs tn the west of the mill building including the prelcach thickener ( PLT) and l' \aricone.

• The boiler and all ancillu,) equipment and buildings.

• f"he entire \'anadium precipitation, drying and fusion circuit.

• All external tank.age not included in the pre\'ious list including reagent tanks for the storage of acid. ammonia. kerosene. water. dry chemicals. etc. and the \'anadium oxidation circuit

• The uranium and vanadium solvent extraction ( SX) circuit including all SX and reagent tankage. mixers and settlers. pumps and piping.

• The SX building .

The mill building . The office building . The shop an<l \\arehouse building .

• The sample plant building .

The ~quence of demolition would proceed so as to allow the maximum use of support areas of the facility such as the otlice and shop areas. It is anticipated that all major structures and large equirment will be demolished with the u.::ie of hydraulic shears. These will speed the process. pro\'idc proper sizing of the materials to be placed m tailings. and reduce exposure to radi'.!tion and nther satet) hazards during the demohtion. Any uncontaminated or decontaminated equipment tL) be rnnsidered Lr salvage will be relea54!d in accordance with the terms of License Condition 14. As with *he equipment for disposal. any ~- >ntaminated soils from the mill area will be disposed of in the tailings facilities in accordance with Section 4.0 of the Specifications. Page:\- 7

• 3.2 Mill Site Re\*ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Contaminated areas on the mill site will be primarily superficial and include the ore storage area and surface contamination of some roads. All ore will have been previously removed from the ore ~tockpile area. All contaminated materials "ill be excavated and be disposed in one of the tailings 1.:ells in a1.:wrdance \-\ith Section 4.0 of these Plans and Specifications. The depth of excavation will \af) depending on the extent of contamina:ion and will be based on the criteria in Section 2.2.3 of these Plans and Specifications.

\II ancillary contaminated materials including pipelines will be removed and will be disposed of by disposal in the tailing cells in accordance with Section 4.0 of these Plans and Specifications.

• Disturbed areas will be ~O\ered. graded and vegetated as required. The proposed grading plan for the mill site and ancillary areas is shov.n on Figure 3.2-1.

).) \\Jndhlown Contamination Windblown contamination is defined as mill derived contaminants dispersed by the wind to surrounding areas. The potential areas affected by windblown contamination will be surveyed using scintillometers taking into account historical operational data ftom the Semi-annual Effluent Reports (Appendix A) and other guidance such as prevailing wind direction and historical background data.

• I ,~ R, Mt M \\ P' MMR RH I A\1W'\.t % .fl\il DRAf* r :\ I I *\ h:brulll) 28 I <N7

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ACCESSION NUMBERS OF OVERSIZE PAGES: q10::0100~ -0~6_.------- *---*- ---*--~----- - - - - - - - Page ..\-9 Re,ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 3.J. l Ouidance The necessity for remedial actions will be based upon an evaluation prepared by EFN. and approved by the NRC, nf the potential health hazard presented by any windblown materials identified. The assessment will be based upon analysis of all pertinent radiometric and past land use information and will consider the feasibility. 1.:ost-effocti,cness. and environmental impact of the proposed remedial acti\ities and final land use. All methods utilized "iU be consistent with the guidance contained in Nl'REG-5849: "Manual for Conducting Radiological Surveys in Support of License Termination." 3.3.:! General Methodology The facility cun*.ntly monitors soils for the presence of Ra-226, such results being presented in the

• second semi-annual effluent report for each year. Guideline values for these two materials will be Jetermined and will form the basis for the cleanup of the White Mesa Mill site and surrounding areas. For purposes of determining possible windblo\\n contamination. areas used for processing of uranium ores as well as the tailings and evaporative facilities will be excluded from tht> initial

coping survey, due to their proximity to tht> uranium recovery operations. rhose areas include*

• The mill buildi11g. including CCD. PL T area.. uranium drying and packaging, clarifying. and prek~.h.

• The SX building. including reagent storage immediatdy to the east of the SX building.

• The ore pad and ore feed areas.

• -railings (~ells ~o. 2. 3~ and 4A.

• Fvaporative cell No. 1-1.

• l StR, \11-\f\l,P*MRRll.~ll .*\:\-I\\M%,FNLDRAFTArrA February 28.1997

Page A-l 0 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa \1ill Reclamation Plan The remaining areas l>f the mill will he divided up into two areas for purposes of windblown determinations:

• The restricted area. less the above areas: and.

• A halo around the restricted area.

The restricted area. as sho\\TI on Figure A3.2-l will be initially surveyed on a 30 x 30 meter grid as described below in Section 3.3.3. The halo around the restricted area "'ill also be initially surveyed nn a 50 x 50 meter grid using methodologies described below in Section 3.3.3. Any areas \\hich are fnund to have ele\*afi:d activity levels will be further evaluated as described in Sections 3.3.4 and 3.3.5.

• 3.3.3 Scoping Sur\'ey The srnpinb survey will be conducted using a calibrated Mount Sopris Model SC-132 scintillometer I or equivalent) capable of detecting radiation at levels less than or equal to 25 percent of the guideline value. The meter will be s\.\'ung from side to side at an elevation of six (6) inches above the ground level while walking a path v.ithin the grid shov.n in Figure A-3.3-1. These paths will be designed so that a minimum of 10 percent of the area within the grid sidelines v.ill be scanned. using an average coverage area for the sdntillometer of one ( 1) meter wide. Grids where hotspots arc encountered or where readings of 75 percent of the guideline level are found will be reclassified as affected areas. and will be subject to further characterization as described below. Grids where no readings exceed 75 percent of the guideline value will be classified as unaffected, and therefore will not require remediation. It is assumed that by following mnhodologies that would be utilized during the !hal survey. that the classification of these areas would stand and would require no further survey confirmation.

• l SFRS !\1F:'.f'\\P'.MRR\Rf1 ".fWM Q61FNl.DRAFrATIA Februill') 28. 19Q7

Page :\-11 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa !\.till Reclamation Plan A sufficient 4uant;ty 1*f QA samples will be taken to pwvide a correlation between the meter readings and the actual Ra-226 concentrations in the soil.

3. 3.4 Characterization and Remediation Control Surveys After the entire subarea has been classified as affected or unaffected. the affected areas will be further scanned to identity areas of elevated activity requiring cleanup. Such areas will be flagged and sutlicient soils removed to. at a minimum. meet activity criteria. Following such remediation.

the area will be scanned again to ensure compliance with activity criteria. A calibrated Mount Sopris SC- I~~ scintillometer (or equivalent ) capable of detecting activity levels of less than or equal to 25 percent of the guideline values will be used to scan all the areas of interest.

• 3.3.5 Final Survey Alier remediation. the affected areas deemed to be in compliance with standards will then undergo a final survey. utilizing a 10 x IO meter grid system with sample point locations ~ shmm in Figure A-3.3-2. Again a calibrated Mount Sopris SC-132 scintillometer (or equivalent) capable of detecting acti,ity levels of less than or equal to 25 percent of the guideline values \\ill be used, and will be held at a one meter distance above the systematic sample locations. As with the scoping survey. a statisticaJly significant quantity of QA samples will be taken at randomly selected points to provide a correlation between the meter readings and the actual Ra-226 concentrations in the soil.

• 1*sFRS MF\1' Y. P' MRR,Rl:CL:\\IW\1 911\FNLORAFT ,\ ff.\ fc:brull' :!8. 191P

,--------------------~-------------..., / I I I ' \ I I I I I I I I I I I' ' ~----------*------------------------- ~ [_ "'4G-----------*--- --- ----- -*-* *--* ***--*------ FIGURE A-3.3-1 TYPICAL SCANNING PATH SCOPING SURVEY - - l .___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __... _ - l ~---***** -----------**-*----- -- -- ---- C ...,.~~ ---.. --------- ---* _____ ,. ________ *---------~ FIGURE A-3.3-2 ST AND ARD SAMPLING PATTERN fnR SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF SOIL Page .-\-14

• 4.0 PLACE~1E~T ~1ETH0DS Re\'ision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclrar. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclar:~:,ti"n Plan 4.1 Scrap and Debris The scrap and debris will ha\'e a maxirnwn dimension of 20 feet and a maximwn volume of 30 cubic foet. Scrap exceeding these limits will be reduced to within the acceptable limits by breaking. cutting llr other appro\'cd methods. Empty drums. tanks or other objects having a hollow volume greater than five cubic feet will be reduced in volume by at least 70 percent. If volume reduction is not feasible. openings will be made in the object to allow soils. tailings and/or other approved materials to enter the object at the time of covering on the tailings cells. The scrap, after having been reduced in dirnension and volwne. if required. "ill be placed on the tailings cells as directed by the QC officer.

• Any scrap placed will be spread across the top of the tailings cells to avoid nesting and to reduce the volwne of voids present m the disposed ma!is Stockpiled soils. contaminated soils. tailings and/or other approved materials will be plac~ over and imo the scrap in sutlicient am0tmt to fill the voids between the large pieces and the volume within the hollow pieces to fonn a coherent mass. It is recognized that some mids will remain because of the scrap volume reduction specified. and because nf practical limitations of these procedures. Reasonable etlort will be made to fill the voids. The approval of the Site Manager or a designated representative will be required for the use of materials other than stockpiled soils. contaminated soils or tailings for the purpose of filling voids.

• l SI.RS!\ff\f'WP'MRR*.RECI.AMWM ~f>,f'NLDRAIT.-\ITA*Fcbruary 28, 19Q7

Page A-15

• 4.:! Contaminated Soils and Ramnate Crystals Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

\Vhite Mesa ~ill Reclamation Plan The various materials will not be concentrated in thick deposits on top of the tailings. but will be spread o,*er the working surface as much as possible to provide relatively unifonn settlement and consolidation characteristics of the cleanup materials. 4.3 Compaction Requirements The scrap. contaminated soils and other materials for the first lift will be placed over the existing tailings surface to a depth 0f up to four feet thick in a bridging lift to allow access for placing and compacting equipment. The first lift will be compacted by the tracking of heavy equipment. such as a Caterpillar 06 Dozer (or equivalent), at least four times prior to the placement of a subsequent

• lift. Subsequent layers will not exceed two feet and will be compacted to the same requirements.

During construction. the compaction requirements for the crystals will be reevaluated based on field conditions and modified by the Site Manager or a designated representative, with the agreement of the NRC Project Manager. The contaminated soils and other cleanup materials after the bridging lift will be compacted to at least 80 percent of standard Proctor maximum density (ASTM D-698).

• ,I 'SERS'.MfW.WP'MRR\RH'I.AMWM 961fNLDRAFl'ATIA\Febru81) 28, 1997

Page :\-16 Revision I 0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\ibite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 5.0 CELLS 2. 3. AND 4A 5.1 A multi-layered earthen cover will be placed over tailings Cells 2, 3. and 4A. The general grading plan is shown on Drawing 5. 1-1. Reclamation cover cross-sections are shown on Drawings 5. I -2 and 5. 1-3. s.2 f\faterials 5.2.1 Physical Properties

• The physical properties of materials for use as cover soils will meet the following:

Random Fill (upper and lower layers) These materials will be mixtures of cla~:ey sands and silts \\1th random amounts of gravel and . size material. In the initial bridging lift. rocl sizes of up to 24 inches in diam..:ler will be allowed. On all other random fill lifts. rock sizes will be limited to 12 inches in diam1.. _.. with at least 30 percent of the material finer than 40 seive. For that portion passing the No. 40 sieve, these soils will classify as CL, SC, MC or SM materials under the l 1nified Soil Classification System. Cla.y Layer Materials Clays will have at least 40 percent passing me No. 200 sieve. The minimum liquid limit of these soils will be 25 and the plasticity index will be 15 or greater. These soils will classify as CL or CH materials under the Unified Soil Classification System.

• IIJSERS\MFM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFJ\AITA'.fcbruary 28, 1997

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• 5.:!.2 Borrow Sources Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White ~1esa \,till Reclamation Plan The sources for soils for the cover materials are as follows: I. Random Fill - stockpiles from previous cell construction activities currently located to the east and west of the tailing facilities.

2. Clay - will be imported from borrow areas located in Section 16. T38S, R22E. SLM.

J. Rock Armor - will be produced by using oversize materials in the random fill piles. using crushing and screening as necessary to produce proper size fractions .

• 5.3 5.3.1 Cover Construction General Placement of cover materials "ill be based on a schedule detenr ;ned by analysis of settlement data, piezometer data and equipment mobility considerations. Settlement plates and piezometers will be installed and monitored in accordance with Section 5.4 of these Plans and Specifications.

5.3.2 Placement and Compaction 5.3.2. l Methods The distribution and gradation of the materials throughout each fill layer will be such that the fill will. as far as practicable, be free of lenses, pockets, streaks or layers of material differing

• l.'"iERS Mft\.fWP'MRR RfflAMWM 96FNLDRAfTATIA February 28. 1997

Page :\-19 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan substantially in texture. gradation or moisture content from the surrounding material. Successive loads of material will be placed on the fill so as to produce the best practical distribution of material. If the compacted surface of any layer of fill is too dry or smooth to bond properly with the layer of material to be placed thereon. it will be moistened and/or reworked with a harrow. scarifier, or other suitable equipment to a sufficient depth to provide relatively uniform moisture content and a satisfactory bonding surface before the next succeeding layer of earthfill is placed. If the compacted surface of any layer of earthfill in-place is too wet, due to precipitation. for proper compaction of the earthfill material to be placed thereon, it will be reworked with harrow. scarifier or other suitable equipment to reduce the moisture content to the required level shown in Table 5.3.2.1-1. It will then be recompacted to the earthfill requirements.

• No material will be placed when either the materials, or the underlying material, is frozen or when ambient temperatures do not permit the placement or compaction of the materials to the specified density, without developing frost lenses in the fill.

5.3.2.2 Moisture and Density Control As far as practicable. the materials will be brought to the proper moisture content before placement on tailings. or moisture will be added to the material by sprinkling on the earthfill. Each layer of the fill will be conditioned so that the moisture content is unifonn throughout the layer prior to and during compaction. The moisture content of the compacted fill will be within the limits of standard optimum moisture content as shown in Table 5.3.2.1-1. Material that is too dry or too wet to pennit bonding of layers during compaction will be rejected and will be reworked until the moisture content is within the specified limits. Reworking may include removal, re-harrowing, reconditioning, rerolling, or combinations of these procedures.

• lJSERS MFM\WP'MRR\RECLAMWM %11-"NLDRAFT\A TI A February 28. 1997

Page A-20

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Density wntrol of rnmpacted soil will be such that the compacted material represented by samples having a dry density less than the values shown in Table 5.3.2.1-1 will be rejected. Such rejected material will be reworked as necessary and rerolled until a dry density equal to or greater than the percent of its standard Proctor maximum density shown in Table 5.3.2.1-1. To determine that the moisture content and dry density requirements of the compacted fill are being met. field and laboratory tests will be made at specified intervals taken from the compacted fills as specified in Section 7.4. "Frequency of Quality Control Tests." 5.4 Monitorin~ Cover Settlement 5.4. l Temporary Settlement Plates

• 5.4. I. l General Temporary settlement plates will be in.:;talled in the tailings Cells. At the time of cell closure, a monitoring program will be proposed to the NRC. Data collected will be analyzed and the reclamation techniques and schedule adjusted accordingly.

• [;SERSIMfM\WP'MRR-RECLAMWM %\FNLDRAFTATrA,February 28. 1997

TABLE A-5.3.2.1-1 Placement and Compaction Criteria Reclamation Cover Materials Allowable Placement Moisture Content Maximum Per Cent from Optimum Cover Layer Lift Thickness Compaction Moisture Con tent Lower Random Fill 3 Feet Bridging Lift 80 +/-2 1 Foot 90 +/-2 Clay Layer I Foot 95 0 to+ 3 Upper Random Fill 2 Feet 95 +/-2 Riprap Top of Tails 3 Inches Slope I Inch

• Note:

Percent Compaction is based on standard Proctor dry density (ASTM D-698). Optimum moisture content of a soil will be determined by ASTM D-698 methods . Page :\-22 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 5.4.1.2 Installation At the time of cell closure or during the placement of interim cover, the temporary settlement plates will consist of a corrosion resistant steel plate I /2 inch thick and three foot square to which a three inch diameter corrosion resistant pipe has been welded. [he installation will consist of leveling an area on the existing surface of the tailings, and placing the base plate directly on the tailings. A minimum three feet of initial soil or tailings cover will be placed on the base plate for a minimum radial distance of five feet from the pipe. 5.4.1.3 Monitoring Settlement Plates

• Monitoring of settlement plates will be in accordance with the program submitted to and approved by the NRC. Settlement observations will be made in accordance with Quality Control Procedure QC-16-WM. "Monitoring of Temporary Settlement Plates."

6.0 ROCK PROTECTION 6.1 General The side slopes of the reclaimed cover will be protected by rock surfacing. Drawings 5. l - l, 5. l -2. and 5.1-3 show the location of rock protection with the size, thickness and gradation requirements for the various side slopes. A riprap layer was designed for erosion protection of the tailings soil cover. According to NRC guidance. the design must be adequate to protect the soil/tailings against exposure and erosion for

• lSERS\MfM'WP'MRR\RECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAITATI"AJ:cbruary 28. 1997

Page A-23

• Re\*ision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 200 to 1.000 years (NRC. 1990). Currently. there is no standard industry practice for stabilizing tailings ft)r 1,000 years. However. by treating the embankment slopes as wide channels. the hydraulic design principles and practices associated with channel design were used to design stable slopes that will not erode. Thus. a conservative design based on NRC guidelines was developed. Engineering details and calculations are summarized in the Tailings Cover Design report (Appendix D). Riprap cover specifications for the top and side slopes were detennined separately as the side slopes are much steeper than the slope of the top of the cover. The size and thickness of the riprap on the top of the .. over was calculated using the Safety Fa.;tor Method (NUREG/CR-465 l, 1987), while the Stephenson Method (NUREG/CR-4651. 1987) was used for the side slopes. These methodologies were chosen based on NRC recommendati0ns ( 1990).

• By the Safety Factor Method. riprap dimensions for the top slope were calculated in order to achieve a slope "safety factor" of 1.1. For the top of the soil cover, with a slope of 0.2 percent, the Safety Factor Method indicated a median diameter (D50) riprap of0.28 inches is required to stabilize the top slope. However. this dimension must be modified based on the long-tenn durability of the specific rock type to be used in construction. The suitability of rock to be used as a protective cover must be assessed by laboratory tests to detennine the physical characteristics of the rocks. The sandstones from the contluence of Westwater and Cottonwood Canyons require an oversizing factor of 25 percent. Therefore, riprap created from this sandstone source should have a D,0 size of at least 0.34 inches and should have an overall layer thickness of at least three inches on the top of the cover.

Riprap dimensions for the side slopes were calculated using Stephenson Method equations. The side slopes of the cover are designed at SH: IV. At this slope, Stephenson's Method indicated the unmodified riprap D~0 of 3.24 inches is required. Again assuming that the on-site sandstone will be

• *USERS 11,ffM\WP\MRR RffLAMWM 96,fNLDRAl' I\ATIA.february 28. 1997

Page A-~~

• Revision 1 0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan used. the modified D,0 size of the riprap should be at least 4.05 inches with an overall layer thickness of at least 12 inches. Ille potential of erosion damage due to overland flow. sheetflow. and channel scouring on the top and side slopes of the cover. including the riprap layer. has been evaluated. Overland flow calculations \\ere performed using site meteorological data. cap design specifications, and guidelines set b} the NRC (NUREG!CR-4620. 1986). According to the guidelines. overland tlow velocity estimates are to be rnmpared to "permissible velocities." which have been suggested by the NRC. to determine the potential for erosion damage. If calculated overland flow velocity estimates exceed permissible velocities. additional cover protection should be considered. The permissible velocity for the tailings cover ( including the riprap layer) is 5.0 to 6.0 feet per second (ft./sec.) (NUREG/CR-4620). lne overland flow velocity calculated for the top of the cover is less than 2.0 ft./sec., and the

• calculated velocity on the side slopes is 4.9 ft.I sec. Therefore. the erosion potential of the slopes.

due to overland flow/channel scouring. is within acceptable limits and no additional erosion protection is required. See Appendix D for details. 6.1 Materials ~1aterials utilized for riprap applications will meet the following specifications: Location Dso Size DJOo Size Layer Thickness Top Surface 0.4" 0.6" 3" Slope Surface 4" 8" 12"

• *LJSERS\MfM\WP',MRR,RfCLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFr.A IT Alfebrual} 28. 1997

Pag.t: .\-~5

• Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

\\'hite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan During construction of the tailings f"'!cilities. significant quantities of oversize was produced through drilling and blasting. as the rocks of the Burro CanyorvDakota were too hard to rip. As these materials will hav1.: to be segregated from the random fill for some applications. it is anticipated that all rock requirements will be met by crushing and screening the random till oversize. Riprap quality will be evaluated by methods pr~sented in NUREG/CR-4620 "Methodologies for Evaluating Long-Term Stabilization Designs of Uranium Mill Tailings lmpoundment." Size adjustment will be made in the riprap for materials not meetir.g the quality criteria. 6.3 Placement Riprap material will be hauled to the reclaimed surfaces and placed on the surfaces using scrapers.

• in a manner to minimize segregation of the material. Placement of the riprap will avoid accumulation of riprap sizes less than the minimum D~ 0 size and nesting of the larger sized rock.

• The riprap layer will have at least two passes by a D-7 Dozer (or equivalent) in order to key the rock for stability.

7.0 QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE 7.1 Qwllity Plan A Quality Plan has been developed for construction activities for the White Mesa Project. The Quality Plan includes the following:

l. QC/QA Definitions. Methodology and Activities.

..,..... Organizational Structure . 1 l'SERS\MfM'WPIMRR*.RECl.AMWM 96,FNLDRAF1'ATIA Fcbl'WU) 28. 1997 Page :\-26 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \Vhite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan ., . Surveys. Inspections. Sampling and Testing .

4. Changes and Corrective Actions.

5. Documentation Requirements.

6. Quality Control Procedures.

7.2 Implementation The Qualit) Plan will be implemented upon initiation of reclamation work. 7.3 Quality Control Procedures Quality control procedures have been developed for reclamation and are presented in Attachment

• B of this Reclamation Plan. Procedures will be used for all testing, sampling and inspection functions.

7.4 Fre1,1uency of Quality Control Tests The frequency of the quality control tests for earthwork will be as follows:

l. The frequency of the field density and moisture tests will be not less than one test for each 5.000 cubic yards of placed fill material (clay or random fill).

2. There ~ill be at least two field density and moisture tests for each lift of fill material placed.

• l'Sl:RS\MfM'.WP'MRR'RECLAMWM 9o1 FNLDRAFT\AITA Fcbruaf) 28. 1~7

Page .-\-27 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa \1ill Reclamation Plan ~ .) . Gradations and Atterberg limits of compacted fill materials will be performed at a frequency of not less than each I 0.000 cubic yards of placed day or each 20.000 cubic yards of comoacted random fill.

4. Frequency of laboratory standard Proctor compaction tests will be such that maximum densities are determined for the range of materials being placed in the fill~ however.

frequency of compaction tests will not be less than one test for each 5,000 cubic yards of compacted fill material.

5. For riprap materials. each load of material will be checked against standard piles for gradation prior to transport to the tailings piles .

• l'iERS,MFM',WP\MRR\RfCLAMWM w.,f'NLDRAFl'ATIA February 28. 199'7

• ()l'..\lllY Pl.A~

ATTACH\l[~T 8 FOR CONSTRl;CTION ACTIVITIES WHITE MESA PROJECT BL\~DING, l ;TAH PREPARED BY

• E\ERGY FL'ELS NLCLEAR. INC.

THREE PARK CENTRAL 1515 ARAPAHOE STREET, SUITE 900 1., . * "VER. COLOR, \DO 80202

• II l \!-.RS \1fl\f'\\P'MRR Rill AM\\M % t'NLDIUFTA ne Fcbruar, :!8. lli97

Pag~ B-1 R.:\ ision I 0 Energy Fuels Nudear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamat1on Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No 1.0 GENERAi l I SCOPE OF Ql 'ALI fY PLAN ... 8-1 1.2 Ql !Af.t fY Pl.Al'i OBJECTIVES B-1 I J DEFINITIONS B-2 1.4 Ql 'ALITY CONTROLQl 'ALITY ASSCRANCE . . 8-3 I .4. I Methodology . 8-3

• 1 4.2 1.4. 1.1 ~ low of Activitit*s ..

1.4. J.2 Compliance Reports .............. . Quality Control . B-.J 8-J 8-4 I ~ 2 I General . 8-4 l .4.2.2 Quality Control Activities B-4 1-l.3 Quality Assurance 8-4 l .4.3 I General . . . 8-~: 1.4.].2 Quality Assuran1.~ Activities . . .... 8-5 I 4.3 2.1 Pre-qualification of QC Technicians 1.4 3.2.2 Verification of Effectiveness of QC Program I ...i 4 Documentation .. .8-6 l.5 M<'\/ITORING ..

• U l 'SERS Mf~f,WP'-MRJt'JU( I AM~M %*FN( ORAfT A rrn h:btuar~ lll. jt;q7

Page U-11 Revision 1.0 Energ~ Fuels !'Juckar. Im.:. \\'hite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan rABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page No. 2.0 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTL'RE

2. I SCOPE. ......................... B-6 ORGANIZATION .................... B-7

') ... DFHFS A~D Ql'ALIFICATIONS OF PERSONNEL ... ............. B-7 23.1 Personnel Designations ............. 8-7

2. l:! SI te \fa.nager ............. B-7 2.3.2. I Duties. Responsibilities and Authority ......................... B-7

• 2.3 3 Designated Representative for Site Manager ........................... B-8 2J A Quality Control Otlicer ( "QCO") ................................... B-8 2 3.-l. I Duties, Responsibilities and Authority ......................... B-8 2.3 5 Designated Representative for QCO ................................ 8-l 0

~J 6 Quality A:-,;uranceOfficer ("QAO") ................................ 8-10

2. 3. 6. I Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. B-10 2 J. 7 Designated Representative of the Quality Assurance Officer ............. B- l 0 23.8 NRC Project Manager ................................ 8-11 239 Quality Control Technicians ( "QCT") ............................... 8 11 2.J.9. I Duties ...... . ............................ B-11 2.3.9.2 Qualifications .. . ............................ B-11 2.4 PROGRAM FOR INFORMATION FLOW ................................ B-12

• II 1'SfRSMFM'WP'MllR'.RHIAMWM%,fNIORAHAIT8*f'ebruary.18. l'N7

• Page 8-iii Revision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

\\ bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan T.\BLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page So. 2.4.1 Review of Documents ........................................... B-12 J..-L~ Information Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. B-1 2 2.4.2. I Internal lnfonnation Flow .................................. B-12 2.4 2.2 Information Flow to NRC .................................. B-13 3.0 Sl 'R\'EYS. INSPECTIONS. SAMPLING AND TESTING 3.1 St OPE ........................................................... B-13 -~ .) ....., Ql ITY CONTROL PROCEDL1 RES ................................... B-15

• J.J 4.0 FRl:QL'ENCY AND TYPE ............................................. B-15 CHANGES AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 41 SCOPF ... . ............................ B-15 4.2  :\trTHOR1TY OF PERSONNEL ........................................ B-16 43 METHODOLOGY ................................................... B-16 4.3.1 Field and Design Changes ........................................ B-16 4.3.2 Corrective Actions .............................................. 8-16 5.0 DOCCMENT ATION 5.1 SCOPE ............................................................. 8-17 5.2 PERSONNEL ....................................................... 8-17

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Pagt' B-1\ Revision I 0 Energy Fuels '.',;udear. lnc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan L\BLE OF CO:\/TE:\/TS (continued) Page No . 5 ~. I Document Control Officer ( "DCO") . . . * * ........................... 8-17 5.~.1.1 Duties . ......................................... 8-17 5.3 FOR\1S .. ................................... . ......... 8-18

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• 1.0 l,E~LRAL Page B-1 Re, ision I 0 Energy Fuels \:uclear. In~

White \ttesa ~fill Ru:lamation Plan I. I SCOPE OF Ql 'AUTY PLAN rhe folltming Quality Plan for Construct: ,.... ,. .. vities ( "Quality Plan" i describes how the Cnnstruction (.)uality Control Quality Assurance ( "QCQA") activities are implemented fhis Quality Plan includes the followin!?: {I l Organi1.ational Structure: (: l Surveys. Inspections. Sampling and resting: I 31 Changes and Corrective Action.s: and Documentallon Requirements, I: QL'ALITY PLAN OBJECTIVES The objectives of the ()ualit:. Plan are as followy (II Qualit) Control: To verify that tht' c1Jnstruction is in accordrmce with the P'lans and Speci fie at ions. Quality Assuranck: To provide cross-checks and auditing functions on Quality Comrol (3) Monitori~: To provide the required information and data to evaluate the efft:~ts of Construction Activities.

• II l \H~S \t}\f WP-,MRR RH I ,\MWM % F"I DRAH A I 1B hbruAf\ ~Ii. 14197

Page 8-2 Reviswn 1.0 Energ 1 Fuds :-,.;uclear. Inc. White \tesa \till Redamation Plan I.J DI-*Fl'\!*rr<>'\S ~ : .-\ repon prepared hy the QC Officer ( "QCO") upon completion of a Construction Segmt!'nt. A Compliance Report requires the appnwal llf the Site Manager An) suhsequ:mt Construction Segment that is dependent upon successful complt!'tion of a spccitic Construction Segment cannot be initiated until a Compliance Repon is prepart!'d and appro\ed for the previous Jependent ConstfU*:tion Segment. Compliance Repons are to be completed on Form So F-23 which is atta{:hed in Part V Construdion T,4;3k: :\ basic construction feature of a Construction Project invohing a specific Construction Activity .

• Constru(;tion Pro1ect:

St!'gments to complete . The total authorized'approved Project that n.:quires several Construction . l ) ~ : Changes made in a Construction Project that alters or changes the tntent of the Plans and Specifications. Design changes re'1uire approval of the Design Engineer and the Site \1anilger or a designated representative. Design Changes are to be reported on Form No. F-26,

v. hich is attached in Part V.

Field Chan,¥e: Changes made during c. nstruction to fit field conditions that do not alter the intent of the Plans and Specifications. Field Changes require approval of the Site Manager or a designated representative. Field Changes are to be reported on Form No. F-25. which is attached in Part V. Final Construction Rs:poa* A repon prepared by the Site Manager or a designated representative upon completion uf a Construction Project. This report will be submitted i.O the ~RC.

• It l'iFI<, Mf\f'\\P*~*1RR RH I .\MWM %1f'Nl ORAF r ArlR februat} 28. 1'~7

Page B-;

• 1.4 Ql'AUTY CONTROUQl '.ALITY ASSURANCE Re, ision I O Energy Fuels Suclear. Im:.

\Vhite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.4.1 ~kthodolQli) I ..J I I I* hm nf :\di\ ities Figure l shm.\s the general relatilmships of QuaJity Control and Quality Assurance activities in the performance nf the Construction Activitie~ for a given work area. The Quality Control Activities implemented with standardized QC procedures. provide the necessary tests and observations for the i;,.mstrut:twn. sampling and monitoring process. Quality Assurance audits and reviews will provide n, ~rs1ght of the QC Act1vit1es.

• I .4. I .2 Compliam;e Reports For each project. the Quality Plan re4uues a Compliance Repon at the successful completion of a CPnstruction Segment. The Construction Tasks making up a Construction Segment will be "h:h:rmined to be in compliance with the Pb.ns and Specifications by the QCO A Compliance Repon will then be prepared by the QCO with a copy l<., th.: NRC Project Manager. and submitted to the Site Manager for approval. before the next dependent phase of construction can begin. The Site Manager will review Quality Control data. Quality Assurance docwnentation, and review any ollsen*ations before approvin~ the Compliance Report.

After the Construction Project has been completed. a FinaJ Construction Report will be prepared by the Site Manager or a designated representative for submittal to the NRC. Pclg\..' B-4 Rniswn I 0 Energy Fuels ~udear. Inc White \*lesa \till Reclamation Plan I. 4 2. I ( ,eneral ()uality Control ("QC") will be conducted by the QCO or a designated representatl\ e. Hcrein..lfter rctem:d to as the Q\'0. l'he <.)CO will implement the QC Program. 1.-l.2.2 Quality Control Activities ()ualit) Control requirements for a Construction Project are presented in the Specifications. rhe ()ualitv Control A1,;tivities will be implemented with standardized Quality Control Procedures.

• The Quality Control Procedures include field sampling. testing. observations and monitoring pro1,;edures. and laboratory testing procedures. The Quality Control Procedures are listed and are irn.:tuded m Part VJ.

I 4. J Qualit) Assurance 1.4.3 I General Quality Assurance ("QA") will be conducted by the QAO or a designated representative. The QAO IA 111 11nplem~.1t the QA Program

• H I -;us \ff ..f\\P'MRR.RH L\MV.l\1 %F"'il DRAffAITB'Jebruary :8. 1~7

Page B-5 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. fnc. \Vhite Me-;:-, \1ill Reclamation Plan I .4J.2 Qualit) Assurance Activities nw QA functions will be implemented by the QAO by perfomung the following activities. I 4.J 2.1 Pre-quail fa:ation of QC Technicians Each QC Technician ("QCT") will be pre-qualified by a QAO, who is :1 knowledgeable specialist in the area of qualification. fhe QAO will determine the areas of expertise of the respective te,hnician and maintain a QA file on the technician. Areas of competency will be identified and training needs noted for the respective technician. I 4.3.2.: Verification of Fftectiveness of QC Program

• The effectiveness of the QC Program will be verified by the QAO by performing the following audits:

,l) Test and Sampling Procedures. Test procedures will be audited on a quarterly basis by appropriate specialists. This will entail direct observation of test methods and sampling, and perfr>rming random duphcate tests. (2) Fquipment. Equipment will be inspected and checked regularly. Calibration certificates wilJ be verified and maintained in the fil.:s. , 3) ( 'alculations and Documentation. Calculations from tests and monitoring will be spot checked randoml)' from the files. Documentation will be checked for accuracy and completeness.

• II I SfRS-Mf'M'.Wl".MRR.Rffl.AMWM %*1-'"NlllRAHAffB,Fcbruary 28. Jqg7

Page 8-6 Revision l .O Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 1.4.4 D.!~cumentation Each QA activity and audit will be documented in \\Titing. Audit reports will be prepared by the QAO and submitted to the Site Manager. These will be kept in the 'White Mesa project files, and made available for review by the NRC Project Manager. I .5 \.IONJTORJNG \fonitoring functions fall under the responsibilities of

• QCO. Scheduled monitoring and observations shall be made at the intervals required in the Plans and Specifications by Quality Control Technicians ( "QCTs") under the direction of the QCO. Monitoring records will be reviewed by the QCO and will be available for review by the NRC. The QAO will audit monitoring records

• on an unscheduled basis. Monitoring records originals will be maintained in the \\lute Mesa Project Files.

2.0 ORGANIZATIONAL STRL'CTURE 2.1 SCOPE The following items are covered in this section: (I) A description of the Quality Control Organiz.ation. ( 2) The classification. qualifications. duties, responsibilities and authority of personnel. ( 3) The individual who will be responsible for overaJI management at the site for Quality Control. ( 4) The specific authority and responsibility of aJI other personnel regarding the Quality Plan.

• 11 I 'SFRS MFMWP',MRR-RfCL,\MW!'l.t 9t,,FNI.DRAFTA ITB1h:bruary Z8. 1997

Page B-7 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\'hit\! Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan (5) A program for information tlow among workers. construction management and inspectors about various QC:QA. and health and safety requirements . ., ., ORGANIZATION A schematic diagram of the organization for implementation of the Quality Plan is shown on Figure B-2. The Site Manager. the QCO. and the QAO. play major roles. 2.3 DUTIES AND Ql:ALIFICATIONS OF PERSONNEL 2.3.1 Personnel Desi~nations

• The Site ~1anager or a designated representative will be referred to as the "Site Manager."

The Quality Control Officer or a designated representative will be referred to as the "QC Officer ("QCO")." The Quality Assurance Officer or a designated representative will be referred to as the "QA Officer t"QAO")." , .. , ._1te -*-'*.;. s* *"ll1a11a~er 2.3.2.1 Duties. Responsibilities and Authority The Site Manager will oversee the Construction Project and will be responsible for *he conduct, din:ction and supervision of the \' >rk. As shown on the organizational chart. the ~1h! Manager

• II USERS\Mf M*.\\'Pl.MRR'.RfCLAMWM Q61fNLDRAF1' ATIB\february 28. 1997

Page 8-8 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan will have ultimate responsihility for all consln!l'lt\*11 and QC/QA Activities. The Site Manager will appoint all personnd. and interact as required with the QAO. the QCO and the NRC Project Manager. ~. J. 3 Ds:si1:nated Rs;presentati ve for Site Mana~er In the absence of the Site Manager. a designated representative will assume the duties of the Site Manager. 2.3 .4 Quality Control omcer I"QCO" > 2.3.4.1 Duties, Responsibilities and Authority

• The QCO will be responsible for overall implementation and management of the Quality Control Program for the Construction Project. The QCO will supervise Field and Laboratory Quality Control Technicians. and will coordinate with the Document Control Manager, the Office Staff and the Health and Safety Officer. The QCO will have specific authority and responsibility with regard to all other personnel for the Quality Plan. The QCO will have the authority to reject work or material. to require removal or placement, to specify and require appropriate corrective actions if it is detennined that the Quality Control/Quality Assurance, personnel. instructions. controls, tests.

records are not conforming to the Plans and Specifications. The signature of the QCO is required on all C,lmpliance Reports ("CR's") required in the Specificatir'ls. The QCO will be familiar with the existing \Vhite Mesa Facilities, and QC/QA methodology. Responsibilities of the QCO will include the following:

• If 'PSl*RS1MfM*WP'MRR,Rl:CI.AMWM %'FNI.DRA~T ATIB'-fcbruU) :?8. l'N7

Page B*9 Rc,ision 1.0 Energy Fuels ~uckar. lnc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan (l ) Provide overall surveillance of Quality Control requirements. (2) Be familiar with all documents. requirements, equipment and procedures relating to project construction. (3) Provide and document Quality Control Technician ("QCT") training. (4) Evaluate and approve all reports. ( 5) Assure schedules are met and adequately documented. (6) Schedule data reduction activities. ( 7) Arrange consultation with additional staff. the QAO, Site Manager. and/or NRC Project Manager to help find solutions to unsolved problems. (8) Identify invalid. una\;ceptable, or unusable data. (9) Take correcti\'e action if Quality Control procedures indicale the construction is not meeting the requirements of the Specifications.

• ( I 0) Assure all documentation is complete, accurate. and up to date.

( 11) Interact anl.l cooperate with QA Technicians 2.3.5 DesiKoated Representative for QCO In the absence of the QCO. a designated representative will assume the duties of the QCO. In addition. the designated representative may be assigned some of the duties, responsibilities and authority of the QCO.

• H USERS'.MfM,WP'MRR,RHl.AMWM ~61FNLDRAFl'AITB\fcbrull) 28. IW7

Page B-10 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White l\1esa Mill Reclamation Plan 2.3.o Quality Assurance Officer {"QAQ"l 2.3.6. l Duties The QAO. who may he an independent consultant. will implement the Quality Assurance functions which includes pre-qualification ofQCTs. verification of test procedures and results by spot retests. equipment checks, and review of calculations and documentation and Compliance Reports (CR's). The QAO should be familiar with the construction process and be qualified in construction testing. Responsibilities of the QAO will include the following: (I) Be familiar with all docwnents, requirements, equipment and procedures relating to project

• (2) construction.

Certify that the QCO is qualified to conduct the various test and monitoring procedures and observations. and document same. ( 3) Through spot checks. retests. equipment checks and review of calculations and documentation \'erify test procedures. monitoring and observations are being performed correctly and accurately in accordance with the Specifications. (4) Consult with the QCO. and the Site Manager to help solve problems. (5) Prepare QA reports for review by the Site Manager and NRC Project Manager. 2.3.7 DesiiQated Representative of the Quality Assurance Qfficer In the absence of the Quality Assurance Officer ("QAO"). the designated representative of the QAO \\'ill assume the duties of the QAO. In addition. certain specialists may be designated to assume some of the duties of the QAO.

• U t:SERS*~fFM'.WP'MRR'RfCLAMWM 961FNLDRAFT'AHB 1Fcbruary 28. 1997

Page 8-11 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa ~1ill Reclamation Plan 2.3.8 i',;RC Proisa:t :,.tana~er 1be NRC Project Manager will represent the NRC's interests in the Construction Project. The NRC Project Manager may choose to review selected procedures, p,*rsonnel qualifications. equipment. calculations. and documentation. 2.3.9 Quality Control Technicians ("QCT"l 2.3.9.1 Duties The Quality Control Technicians ("QCTs) for implementation oftl.e Quality Plan will be classifie,' as follows:

• (I)

(:! ) Construction Quality Control Technicians - Field. Construction Quality Control Technicians - Laboratory. A QCT may be qualified for and perform the duties in more than one classification. 2.3.9.2 Qualifications The QCO will supervise (or may appoint a supervisor) for each classification to provide scheduling. oversee equipment calibrations, enforce documentation requirements, and provide for preliminary docwnent review. The nwnber uf QCTs in each classification will depend on the project needs as the work progresses.

• U lJSERS\MfM\WP\MRR\RECLAMWM 961.FNLDRAfl',.ATfB'Fc:bruary 18. 1997

Page B-12 Re\'isil,n 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan The Construction QCTs will satisfactorily complete a training program and receive on-the-job training as required under the direction of the QCO. A procedure \'eritication program will be implemented by the QAO for all Construction QCTs. 2.4 PROGRAM FOR INl ORMATION FLOW 2.4. 1 Re\'ie\..- of Documents The Plans and Specifo.:ations for the Construction Project describe the work to be performed, the QC/QA. and the monitoring requirements. These documents \\ill be reviewed and approved in depth by licensee personnel. including the QCO and Site Manager .

• 2.4.2 lnfonnation Flo\\:

2.4.2. I Internal Information Flow As shown on the Organization Chart (Figure B-2), the Construction Superintendent gives instructions to the Construction Foremen, who supervise the construction workers. The Construction Superintendent may directly supervise all or some of the construction workers. The QCO monitors the construction work and completes the forms and reports as given in the Quality Control Procedures. The QCO ensures that all key personnel receive the required information.

• ll liSERS\MFM\WPIMRR'.RffLAMWM 9ti\FNLDRAfT*.ATI81fcbruary :?8, 1997

Pag~ B-13 Re,*ision 1.0 Energy Fuels ,uclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan Secllon 4.0 below. "Changes and Corrective Actions." outlines the procedure for implementing changes and correcti\'e actions. 2.-L2.2 InformL.tion Flow to NRC All reports of sampling, tests. inspections and construction records will be maintained in the White Mesa Project files. These documents will be available to the NRC Project Manager at all times. The 't\:RC Project Manager will have the right to inspect and reproduce any documents as needed. A list of the required reports is shown on Table 8-1. These reports will be kept in the \\!bite Mesa Project Files .

• 3.0 3.1 SUR VEYS. IN~PECTIONS. SAMPLING AND TESTING SCOPE The following items are covered in this Section:

(I) Methods and procedures for surveys, inspel'.tions, sampling and testing during various construction tasks. (2) The necessary qualifications of individuals perfor*ning surveys. inspections, sampling and testing. ( 3) The number and type of surveys. inspections .md/or tests to be conducted.

• U \USERS\MFM'.Wf>\MRR\Rf('LAMWM Q6\FNLDRAFJiATIB\Fcbruary 28, 1997

• REPOR r TYPE Construction Activities l:\BLE 8-1 REQLIRED REPORTS FREQCENCY Daily during Construction ORI GINA TOR QC Technician APPROVAL QC Officer Sampling, Field and Report for each respective QC Technician QC Officer Laboratory Testing test

• compliance Report l 1non completion of Construc- QC Officer Site Manager tion Segment

• Final Construction Report After completion of the QC Officer Site Manager Construction Project Site Manager

• Reports to be submitted to the NRC

Page 8-15 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan 3.2 QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES Quality Control Procedures will be written to meet the following objectives: ( l) To describe the equipment, calibration and methods/procedures to be followed in performing surveys. sampling and testing. (2) To describe the procedures to observe construction activities. (3) To describe the procedures for monitoring. All Quality Control Procedures for sampling, testing. and monitoring\\;~! be conducted by the QCO and/or QCTs. The results will be reviewed and approved by the QCO before being delivered to the Document Control Officer ("DCO") for reproduction, distribution, and filing . All boundary surveys will be made and documented by a registered land surveyor. Construction surveys will be made and documented by appropriately trained QCTs. 3.3 FREQUENCY AND TYPE The number and type of survey, observations, inspections and/or tests are specified in the Plans and Specifications. 4.0 CHANGES AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 4.1 SCOPE The methodology for dealing with changes and corrective actions is detailed in this Section.

• H 1lJSERS*MFM\Wf>\MRR\Rfl'LAMWM.96\FNLDRAf'MITB\Fcbruary 28, 1997

Page 8-16 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. \\bite Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan AUTHORITY OF PERSONNEL The Site Manager and/or the QCO will have the authority to reject material or work. to require removal or replacement, to specify and require appropriate actions if it is determined that the Quality Control/Quality Assurance. personnel, instructions. controls. tests, records are not conforming to the Plans and Specifications. 4.3 METHODOLOGY 4.3. I Field and Desi~n Chan~es Changes in locations or alignments of construction features that do not alter design concepts will be

• appro\ ed by the Site Manager or a designated representative. These changes will require a Field Change Order (form F-25).

Changes in design concepts will be approved and documented by the Design Engineer, will be approved by the Site Manager. These changes will require a Design Change Order (Form F-26). All changes will be recorded in the Final Construction Report including "as-built" drawings for the work. 4.3.2 Corrective Actions The QCO will require corrective actions if tests and observations indicate the work is not conforming to the intent of the Plans and Specifications. Appropriate corrective actions will be determined by

• ll*USERS'<MFMIWP'MRR'-RECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFJiATIBlfebruary 28. 1997

• Page 8-17 Revision 1.0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc.

White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan reviewing pertinent Quality Control records. Contemplated corrective actions will be brought to the attention of the Site Manager and the Construction Superintendent. 5.0 DOCUMENTATION 5.1 SCOPE Documentation requirements will include the following: (I) The identification of the person who has authority to provide for the submittal and/or storage of all survey, test and inspection reports. (2) Specification of reporting requirements. forms. formats, and distribution of reports . (3) A description of record keeping to document construction methods and results, surveys, sampling, testing and inspection of construction. Samples of forms and records will be included. (4) Documentation of corrective actions. 5.2 PERSONNEL 5.2.1 Document Control Officer ("DCO"} 5.2.1.1 Duties The Document Control Officer ("DCO") will be appointed by the Site Manager. Responsibilities will include:

• H 1USERS\MFM\WP\MRR1RECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAmATIBIFcbruary 28. 1997

Page 8-18 Revision I .0 Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. White Mesa Mill Reclamation Plan ' I) ~1aintaining pennanem files for the Construction Project. All tests. surveys. monitoring and report originals will be maintained in the project files. (2) Instituting and overseeing data reproduction and distribution. A distribution list will be prepared for each project number and will be reviewed and approved by the QCO. 5.3 FORMS All test results. sampling, surveys. and monitoring will be documented on the forms for those particular procedures where applicable. Specific surveys require a notebook prepared for data recording. Each Construction Field QCT will complete a Construction Activities report for each day's work. Forms will be comrleted so that all important data are recorded. Data required on all fonns and notebooks includes project number, date, technician's signature, and the signature of the

• supervisor or a dcsignee. who has reviewed and approved the work. The DCO will return all incomplete forms to the appropriate supervisor to be properly filled out.

Forms F-23, F-25. and F-26 follow.

• H \lJSFRS\MFMIWPIMRRIRECLAMWM 96\FNLDRAFl\A'rfB\February 28. 1997

• Form No. F..-26 QUALITY PLAN NO. QP-GEN*l*\14 PART V Page 20 DESIGN CHANGE ORDER Project No. - - - - - - Date Drawing N o . - - - - - -

Specification N o . - - - - - Des f gn feature Change in design Reason ln1t11ted by: - - - - - - - - - - - - - Approval 1: Site Manager - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

• NE Project Manager De1f III E n g i n e e r - - - - - - - - - - - - -

• Form No. F-!5 QUALITY PLAN NO. QP-GEN-1-Wf~

PART V Page 19 FIELD CHAHGE ORDER Project No.

---

D1te Drawing No.

Specification No.-----------

Design feature Mod1f1cat1ons Reason Inf t11ted by:

• Approved by: - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

S1 te Manager

• Form No. F-23 QUALITY PLAN ~JO. OP-GEN-1-WM PART C(Jf)LIANCE REPORT V Page 18 Project No.

---

Date Construction Segment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Drawing No. - - - - - -

Specification No. - - - - -

Description of Completed Construction Segment By: QC Offfcer - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Approvals S1te Manager - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

• N~ ProJect Manager-----------

START FI.E B-1 TYPICAL FLOW CHART FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

• END CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PROJECT CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS CONSTRUCTION i CONSTRUCTION , CONSTRUCTION

• CONSTRUCTION TASKS TASKS TASKS TASKS QC QC QC QC QA QA QA QA i CONSTRUCTION SEGMENT CONSTRUCTION !'

SEGMENT ' '

CONSTRUCTION SEGMENT

CONSTRUCTION

. SEGMENT II Ill n COMPLIANCE REPORT COMPLIANCE REPORT '

COMPLIANCE REPORT '

COMPLIANCE REPORT FINAL CONSTRUCTION REPORT

• COST ESTIMATES ATIACHMENTC FOR RECLAMATION OF WHITE MESA FACILITIES BL~1'1DlNG, UTAH

• PREPARED BY ENERGY FUELS NUCLEAR, INC.

THREE PARK CENTRAL 1515 ARAPAHOE STREET, SUITE 900 DENVER, COLORADO 80202

• H:\USEIS\MFM\WP\MU\llECLAMWM.96\DIIAfl'\ATIC.llP'N>ambc, 3, 1996

• J'fiite Mesa Mill euretw Pte4Uiremente $Ummary fllevieion of 12/1/Cf6

!De&Griptlon =1 !Fae.tor~ L Amount I

I MIii Dec.ommi&slonl~ 1,464,551 Gell .2 1,135,e52 Gell 3 2.215,CICl'f Gell 4A 114,156 Gell 1 138,3"71 Ml&G.ellaneous(w/o L.Tc.J 2,045,035 SUbtotal DlreGt Go&t& f>.334,564 Profit Allowance 10.00% &33,456 Cont lngenc:.y 15.00% 1,250,185 L.iGenGlng 4 Bonding 2.00%

166,6Cf1 Long Term Gare Fund St>S,300 Total surety Req,uirement 11, 1"70. 1Cl6 Amounts are in 1Cfel6 Dollars

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If~, 1SO .t'f s

~ 4 2 rZ. <-.cl 1

~ 4,200~;~~

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ca.L 2 ..BCA..AtfAT10N CAT _., 1IIIIOl-.a

• VoluMe 66,4'00 9 Yft/Nr

,211116. 100II ~ .

C..11 2 LOINr lllMdotll Ill Tai. . eurf&a Talflntt...,_.

~'

5lcpe 2 110,,00 110,,00 15.~

.100 9

4

~

~

TOT'M,.

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100II 2:M..

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41.0 0.9 5top8 9 5lcpe 4

$lope, 100 100 .

21116

~

100II

,00.

0.9 0.9 1,2'0 5

'°°"' 4.1 U 2..,.,.

Slope' Slope 2

~IH Talllttet turfa. %21,9')()

221,900 19,900 1,000 5

4 24t

~

TOT'AI..

100II 100ta.

401.;

900.4 2.1

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5lcpe 9

~4 eoo 900 6,900 95,400

,.,oo

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100II TOTAL 100llt 100II 2.,

o ..

220 fl9.2 1a,.2 25.9 eoo 246 ,00. 2.,

toO ~ 100II 2.0 1,IQ) ~ ~

4,2)0 ~ 100II 14.2 TOT: 2N.1

~

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Vou..>,-.& U~OM'1 C:e.u... '!.

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• ~ b&tD O. G.::u-.. ,. l. '-:,to -,,...:cJ.., ..; 2.7 ~ "S/ '-rd 1

~, 134, vsz flZ. tr 1 fo,f,, + 2.7 f.+'/'1d'

= H~ 1187 '1d\

~ [119,Boo~d~

'1,) V~M&:\JT" Of: ~6';' Lb>TCI&. ( i ,'-t -thcJr..)

c:"\JU.. ~UA o,. ~&u.... ,e. f A, f Z"7 A~Jt

~ 3,2:W.,2C$2 f..1. 1t *1,+* + 27 A~J

• H4',1f,'7 ~\

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• 1) UPN:a. 'ebNOOM nu... jOU,J..,.. :

& ~U. ~Qa- CS. la'\.A.. I(. 2, ~ ~ + 1.t ~'41) s ~-2~

• 2$'2. P> * !.f+ .:. 1.7 4+~, =  %~CJ. ~i4~d'

8) ~ I.MOUL ~ I &t Plat

. . ~** *.i.,. t.,_ " o.s++ -H,d,. + a,~~

• ,,..,...,.,.. I,,+& ,c O. 5 f+ ~ '2-Y~Y,,,

= s,, 894'1dJ r5',~ '1d* t

• ~ T................................................... .O.. ........................G411c. tly ...........................................~ .. , ...cf ............ .

l/'01..1..,1~* ~,..,c,,... ~

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l?A><OOM i::; ...... ( "'4IA\tl) * [(Z * ,

• 5 /i } - ( z.

• z.w 5 /2,.)J 1,fl fOO C 4400 f+-'

= io~ <<idJ

~ { 2():) '1d' 1

= [ 2" : "' S - 'Z * .! " J " i, f00 5

= , 3, 7so I+~

• = 50~~d 1 l~~d' J Upollr....& w!~l'>eM i:fu.. S [ '2 "~ II 45 *. - ~ 1 'iJ ( i, 100 I(

44~0c?O .w

• 1t,3() ~ \ .

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30. Z50 ;+I

ft 1.() '1d I

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1./ou.>M a c;,., 0 L.*'T10W ~

le.,._ '3

10) lEU-J ~~~ (~*1),.

• <<'- '-+ b..,.,. '1&.f t 0 t I j-SC, ' - * + '°"'

~) °?~tJCOM MU.. \.{~ * [1" "~ 11t CS _ 4'- 111. ~ * ,! j -< 1iSO

. 44&00

, , {+ 1

= lb,.',:J2. yd 3

~'4 110,600 <jd 3 J

~) Uffll. -a..eut ~  : 0"* :*'5 - *.2*'5] "1750 ti a ~'5,(:)00 f+,.

~

~ H,"'-l ~

~U,100 'idl]

d) ,a., 1ZA1> A***t.. *fte*f "" _.£.2~19*5J "t,iso

t70,<o25 A'

• (., ~,, "i,J1

~

• l~ ~d'I

• ~..-GT... W~.'.~....~J~... ~~ ....... DIIU.......................Gale. DJ .........................................!iheet ...'?. ..cf ............ .

ii) t&u.. '5 Vo...uMc l~uL6'"o,,.,. ~

~TM "Did' (

L......... 3 Sld'li a 8) J b.** ~~MON \A./1~ [au..4.t\

• i" .feo+

o 1,00 fc+ I ~

~ ~.., ..

a ) ~ Fiu.. w'a:na 3 ["'";'='"'- ~~>>*JJ I( iJ()O 1

= t,'585, 100 ~

• 9'5, 1b1 '1dJ

~ li5,t,oo ~d3 j

-r 40 ~~-~ _ ~c;, ~" .CJ, J. ,.100

, * ~S.1'50 (:-t, 1

1i.,,s "cf'

• ,: ) J,.._ i?~COM

~

1=\L\.  :

(ii,'500 yd!]

~1 ~z. !,S 4o ~40 ~ t; J I( L, 00

• "~1,000 ft'

= '2~,!,14 '1-

~ ( 1~,900 ~ 3 d) 1(,9-PAP b111i1ouc.. = [i2*,t1*I. - 4i*;_J.*fl5] " t100

= i('.I, Z.'50 f+ J

t 3, ~,, '1cJ1

~ ( i3,4(X) ~I]

• * ~ T... ~.~.'.~... ~~... ~~~ ........ DIU ... !Q/.~!~......Gac. t,v ...........................................Stleet .~ ..of ............ .

/CII.J,JM C <:::., Ct I OQ4- 3

~..,., OIi.JS a) 2Awoet-\ F:'u.. WflOdre = Cle -,. 2 - *

• je *>] .: ~

. 18,8a:> ;-+3

• '°", '1d'

~ ) 1,00 ydl ]

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't.f:+)00 A,),

= ~"!i '1d ~

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r~-~I(, - **~*'$] ,. 8oo C "4-,000 4-'

11 t,'110 "",

'°ft \_2,,00 ;d,. ,

d) '2,1'?..P b.&MGUL = ['P"f .. .; -

• ~,oco

• \40'1 :tel'

~ ((sao ~~ \

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• ~ i c : . T..

ca.a. I U,.T..,~***-*11'1

• 1'.G!J:MATION

VO..,_ 9'out. Vft/Mr .

Taillnte turf.:. >>.6.600

• ;rn 100'5 . ..o

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5lc:ipl.

ttope,

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o.,

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• 100II 9.0 N9 upper Tam,191 IUrfac*

Slope.,

29111.600 1,,00 11,'100 **

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TOT.

100II 100II 1()()111 fl"f.2 eo-tS 29.4'00 211116 100II 5lopl .. 2.-400

• 100II TOTAL ~1.0 iioik.

Talll'99urfac.e

!k:lpl.

1111.flf>>

1,.X,O

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2-.

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~

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~

$IOp8. 211116 100fl Slope .. 1,900 2-. 10C)lr.

TOTAL 1

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WEESE PETROLEU'1 IOX 888

• DOVE CREiK, COLORADO 81324 971-61?*2424 HOVEKIER 2,. 1996 ENERGY ,uELS _

ATTENTION, RICK VAHMORTQN I£1 110 PRICE OF DIESEL ,uEL DELlVEIED TO BLANDING, UTAH 12 DIISEEL FUEL 1.8143 FREIGHT *.142~

• . 8!!9 11 DIESEL FUEL *. 9143 F'REIOHT ___*.*

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• f'uel 19.1Md on the ltfflQth of the proJ-.t. lf'NI would *If\,'°'"* 1"6 dltc.OUnt Off of the (4UOted 111.ftler ratn. Thi* analyf,i* *MMIIM that the dltcOUnt, when taken with no credit ,or the lower overtime l"'lltn, will more than OffMt the tire and 61G c.o.t... P'uel con.umptlon (lhQ.un In QllllhrJ ha t:Jeen added at ratn quoted In the *ea Por Off-road dleNI Puel*.

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To: RICK VAN HORN Date: 'So-vember ll, 1996 ENERGY fUELS fu#: l, ineludln1 tlut cover sheet.

From: JOEL NIKLE COII.IIIDl'II:

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Ir YOU aw Ml1' QUlll!:tOIII, ., . . . . G%YI Ill A CALL, SDCCUIIJ,.I, JII: jW

~.1 Butler Machinery Co.

1351 Page Drive

• Butler P0Box9&6I Fargo, ND 581 oe (701)232~

FAX (701) 288-1717 FAX TRANSMISSION NOTE DATE:

- May 8, 1995 TO: Mr, Rick Van Horn FROM:_ Joel N1>c11 NUMBER OF PAGES (INCLUDING THIS PAGE)

IN CASE OF PROBLEM, CALL: Joel (701) 232-<>033

) If CHECKED. PlEAS& CONPIAM AEC&IPT OF DOCUMENT.

COMMENTS:

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~

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-- t;l4,115

• Request for Proposal 1348 for Rust Geotech U.S. Department of Energy Grand Junction Projects Office

' ... '\

May 1995

• TABLE OF CONTENTS REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL RFP-1348 I. COVER LETTER FOR RFP-1348

- Sample Performance and Payment Bond Forms II. EXHIBIT A, STATEMENT OF WORK AND DRAWINGS - IN FOUR PAGES III. EXHIBIT 8, GENERAL PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS - IN SIX PAGES IV. EXHIBIT C, BUSINESS PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS - IN FOUR PAGES

- Schedule A DOL Wage Decision UT940009 (3 Pages}

- Schedule B Notice of Requirements for Affirmative Action (1 Page}

- Schedule C Unit price/lump sum proposal, Proposal Form Su11111ary (9 Pages)

- Schedule D Minimum Requir111ents for Small Business and Small Disadvantaged Business Subcontracting Plan (1 Page}

- Schedule E Contract r  :,g Proposal Cover Letter (Form 1411) (1 , ':;

- Schedu 1e F Proposa 1 bl * . 3 Pages)

- Schedule G Representat1~ns and Certifications (GJ-PROC-113)

(14 Pages}

- Schedule H Organizational Conflict of Interest (GJPO-PPM-1333} (2 Pages)

- Schedule I Terms and Conditions (GJPO-PROC-111} (99 Pages)

V. EXHIBIT 0, TECHNICAL PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS - IN FIVE PAGES "

VII. SITE SPECIFIC SPECIFICATIONS - IN THREE-HUNDRED PAGES

- Engineering Oocuaent E02926AB VIII. SIGNATURE PAGE WITH SUBCONTRACT SCHEDULE - IN SEVEN PAGES

-.:ou,

• R11ff Rust Geotech Inc*

AWt.IX TIICfflOI09IIS ~

PO So* :4(XX) * ~37 81' Road Gs n Junc!IOII COIOl,00 81502-SSO.

Phone 970 Z48 e:CC Fa1 970 Z£8 ~O May 22, 1995 COYER LITTER fH REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL BfP-llJI TO ALL OFFERORS

SUBJECT:

Request for Proposal (RFP) 11348 for Construction of an RCRA-Type Repository in Monticello, Utah

Dear Offerors:

Rust Geotech Inc., Operating Contractor for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Grand Junction, Colorado, cordially invites your firm to submit a proposal for the subject construction project .

• This solicitation includes the following documents:

I.

II.

Cover Letter and Payment and Performance Bond Forms.

Exhibit A) Statement of Work and Drawings in support of the repository and associated construction, remediation, operation and maintenance.

III. Exhibit B) General Proposal Instructions: This document contains general administrative information pertaining to the proposal as a whole as well as evaluation criteria.

IV. Exhibit C) Business Proposal Instructions: This document covers business data such as pricing, tenas, period of performance, and includes the following:

a. Schedule A OOL Wage Decision UT940009, Dated September 9, 1994.

b. Schedule B Notice of Requirements for Affirmative Action.

C. Schedul I C Unit price/lump sum proposal.

d. Schedule D Minimum Requirements for Small Business and Small Disadvantaged Business Subcontracting Plan.

~*-, ...... _

RFP-1348 May 22, 1995

• Page 2 of 3

e. Schedule E Contract Pricing Proposal Cover Letter {Form 1411).

f. Schedule F Proposal Bond

g. Schedule G Proposal Representations and Certif;cations (GJ-PROC-113). These are to be executed by an official authorized to bind the offeror and are made a part of this proposal.

Return one completed and signed copy with your proposal.

h. Schedule H Organizational Conflicts of Interest (GJPO-PPM-1333). This is to be executed by an official authorized to bind the offeror and is made a part of this proposal. Return one completed and signed copy with your proposal.

1. Schedule I Terms and Conditions (GJ-PROC-111), dated May, 1995. These Terms and Conditions will be included in any subcontract resulting from this solicitation *

• VI. Exhibit D) Technical Proposal Instructions. This document contains a list of technical information and documentation required. Pricing is .fj(( to be included in this technical proposal.

VII. Site Specific Specifications: Engineering Document E02926A8.

VIII. Signature Page with Subcontract Schedule P1ctorm1nce of tbc Nock by the Sybcgntr1ctor The Subcontractor shall perfora on the work site, and with its own organization, work equivalent to at least twelve (!2) percent of the total amount of work to be perfor'lltd under the subcontract. This percentage 111y be reduced by suppl ...ntal agre1111nt to this subcontract 1f, during the performance of the work, the Subcontractor requests I reduction and the Contractor deteraines it would be in the best interest of the Government to do so.

Pc1-Pcapgs~ 1 coot1c,o,1 and stta Insptcttqn A pre-proposal conference and inspection of the work site(s) will be conducted on June 13, 1995, beginning at 9:00 A.M. at the Rust Geotech Office in Monticello, Utah. Answers to questions addressed to the

• Subcontract Administrator, received no later than June 8, 1995, will be addressed. All questions, including those arising during the site

RFP-1348 May 22, 1995

• Page 3 of 3 inspection, sh1ll be submitted in writing to the Subcontract Administrator; a written response will be sent to all prospective offerors.

Schedules Refer to detailed sections within the Specifications to acquire scheduling data.

The construction schedule shall be as follows:

start Date compJetjcn Pate November 1, 1995 June 30, 2000 Estimate The Rust in-house estimate for the total solicitation package is between S25,000,000.00 and $50,000,000.00. The in-house estimate will not be revealed.

If any of the documentation that you submit for this proposal is considered proprietary to your firm, please so identify. Geotech will take every precaution to ensure the security of the information. See the General Proposal Instructions, Exhibit 8, for additional information.

• Your response is due no later than close of business, 4:30 P.M. MST, July 19, 1995. Should your firm desire not to offer a proposal, please send notification of your decision. Response should be transmitted as follows:

U.S. Mai 1: Air or Surface Carriers:

Rust Geotech Inc. Rust Geotech Inc.

ATTN: S. H. Johnson ATTN: S. H. Johnson Subcontracts Subcontracts P.O. Box 14000 2597 B 3/4 Road Grand Junction, CO 81502-5536 r.rand Junction, CO 81503 Labels identifying the RFP, and defined as Technical Proposal and Business Proposal, should be affixed to the outside of the respective proposal packages.

Should any additional information be required, please contact the undersigned at 970/248-6113.

Steph1n H. J o h n s ~

Subcontract Administrator

• shj/ ib rfpcov:ou1

SCHEDULE A RFP -1348

• DOL WAGE DECISIONS

• General Decision Number UT940009 Superseded General Decision No. UT930009 State: Utah Construction Type:

HEAVY County(ies):

BEAVER IRON SEVIER CARBON JUAB UINTAH DAGGETT KANE WASHINGTON EHERY' PIUTE WAYNE GARFIELD SAN JUAN GRANO SAN PETE:

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

• Modification Number 0

l 2

?ublication Date 02/11/1994 04/01/1994 09/09/1994 UT940009 - l 09/09/1994

• COUNTY(ies):

BEAVER CARBON DAGGETT EMERY GARFIELD IRON JUAB KANE PIUTE SAN JUAN SEVIER UINTAH WASHINGTON WAYNE GRAND SAN PETE

• BOIL0:828 01/01/1994 Rates Fringes BOILERMAKERS 18.48 7.89

---

~-----------------------------------

CA.RP0722B 10/01/1993 Rates Fringes MILLWRIGHTS 19.27 2.65

---

~-----------------------------------------------

• IRON0027G 07/01/1994 Rates =ringes IRONWORKERS:

Structural 17.75 4.46 SUuT2007A 03/01/1988 Rates Fringes CARPENTERS 10.Sl CEHENT HASONS 11.52 ELECTRICIANS 1.;.s2 2.71 IRO!:':vORKERS :

Reinforcing 11. 00 LABORERS (including pipelayers) 7.65 1.60 PIPEFITTERS 12.60 POWER EQUIPHENT OPERATORS:

Backhoes 10.00 cranes 10.43 Dozers 13.10 Graders 12.67 Loaders 11.26 Scrapers 10.00 Trackhoes 10.00 Tractors 9.42 TRUCK DRIVERS 9.42

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WELDERS - Receive rate prescribed tor craft pe~torming operation to which welding is incidental.

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Unlisted classifications needed tor work not included within the scope of the classitications listed rnay be added after UT940009 - 2 09/09/1994

• award only as provided in the labor standards contract clauses (23 CFR S. S(a) (1) (v)).

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In the listing above, the "SU" designation means that rates listed.under that identifier do not reflect collectively bargained wage and fringe benefit rates. Other designations indicate unions whose rates have been determined to be prevailing.

ENO OF GENERAL DECISION UT,40009 - 3 09/09/1994