ML20054K626

Results Obtained from Thermal Modeling & Ecological Studies at North Anna Power Station.

ML20054K626
Person / Time
Site:	North Anna
Issue date:	03/14/1982
From:	VIRGINIA POWER (VIRGINIA ELECTRIC & POWER CO.)
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RESULTS OBTAlHED FROM THERMAL MODELlHG AND ECOLOGICAL STUDIES AT NORTH ANNA POWER STAT 10tl Submitted to Virginia State Water Control Board by Virginia Electric and Power Company Environmntal Services Department Richmond, Virginia March 14, 1982 8207020390 820630 PDR ADOCK 05000338 R PDR

T

, RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THERMAL MODELING AND ECOLOGICAL STUDIES

, ,, AT NORTH ANNA POWER STATION FOR SUBMISSION TO THE

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• STATE WATER CONTROL BOARD ON MARCH 15, 1982 H_Istory On February 11, 1972 the Virginia State Water Control Board (Board) -issued to the Virginia Electric and Power Company (Vepco) a Certificate of Assurance pursuant to Section 21(b) of Public Law 92-114 (Appendix A). The issuance of this Certificate was in response to an application filed by Vepco with the Board on September 28, 1970.

On August 29, 1973, the State Water Control Board issued 401 Certificates (Certifications) for the construction and operation of Units 1 and 2 (Appendix B) and for the construction of Units 3 and 4 (Appendix C).

Significant requirements contained in these Certifications were:

". . . 1. The Applicant, in cooperation with the staff, will by August 18, 1973, submit to the Board for its approval a comprehensive water quality monitoring program for Lake Anna, the waste heat treatment facility and the North Anna River downstream of the Lake Anna Dam that will provide an adequate basis for determining, on the basis of results collected through the end of the first full year of- operation of the second North Anna Unit to go into operation, whether the operation of the third and/or fourth units at the North Anna site will result in violation of (i) any applicable legal requirement, including water quality standards, and (ii) any effluent Ilmitation on waste heat which must be imposed upon Units 3 and 4

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by the Board in the above-mentioned Section 401 certification. 2. Not later than the completion of the first full year of operation, .he Applicant will apply to the Board for the Section 401 Certification which is required prior to issuance of the operating license for

-A Units 3 and 4. At the time of such application the applicant shall either (1) demonstrate to the Board, based on the results of the monitoring program, that operation of a third and/or fourth unit at the North Anna s!te will not result in a violation of any legal requirement, including water quality standards, applicable at the time, or (11) If the Board finds that the addition of a third and/or fourth unit will result -

in such a violation, submit to the Board for its approval plans and specifications for facilities adequate to assure compliance with such requirements, and steps to be taken, pending completion of such facilities, which may include reduction of the load factor on all or any of the four units as may be necessary to assure that all applicable legal require-ments will be complied with." (SIC)

With regard to requirement (1) above, a monitoring program was submitted to and ultimately approved by the Board at its meeting on December 11, 1973 This program, as agreed to by the Company, has been in continuous operation since approval.

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With regard to item 2 above, the Company retained the services of Dr. Donald R. F. Harleman, an internationally known expert in the field of water quality modeling from the Ralph M. Parsorn Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), to undertake the necessary program to develop, calibrate, and verify the necessary model or models. His work forms the basis of predictions, based on two-unit operation, of the effect of three and four unit operation on the thermal regime in the waste heat treatment facility, Lake Anna and the North Anna River downstream, in 1977 Dr. Harleman, staff and students at MIT's Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory produced a number of repor ts (see attached list) which described their efforts leading to the development of the ultimate models to be further calibrated, verified and used to predict the influence of the operation of Units 3 and 4 on temperatures in Lake Anna and the North Anna River. These reports have been submitted to the State Water Control Board staff.

Briefly, the modeling effort involved the development and use of several models, all of which were mathematical models with the exception of a physical model developed to study the circulation in the side arms of the waste heat treatment facility. A statistical technique called "regionalization" was used to generate a meteorological data series for an 18-year period baseJ on data from one year's meteorological data collected at the North i

Anna Power Station site as well as historical meteorological data from l Charlottesville, Richmond, and Quantico. From this effort natural water l

temperatures were developed for an average ten year period, namely 1957-1966.

The efforts of Dr. Harleman and his staff resulted in the production on December 19, 1977 of the attached Table 6-1 from report number 232 (Table 1). This table, which has since been superseded in the final report, provided preliminary information on the simulated natural temperatures and the predicted temperatures immediately behind the North Anna dam from 1, 2, 3 and 4 unit operation. From 1977 through September 1981, field data collection has

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I Table 6-1: Selected characteristics of the long term tempera- t a

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ture simulations. (Surface temperatures at the i North Anna Dam , in *F).

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unit units units units 10 year averaged data a) Monthly means July mean temperature........ 82.4 83.2 85.3 87.5 89.4 January mean temperature .... 39.2 40.8 45.3 49.2 52.7 July mean temp. rise above natural ......... 0.0 0.8 2.9 5.1 7.0 January mean temp. rise above natural ......... 0.0 1.6 6.1 10.0 13.5 b) Single day 1

Maximum temperature ......... 83.4 84.0 86.1 88.3 90.2 Corresponding standard deviation * ............ 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 Non-averaged data -

i Maximum tempe ra t ure . . . . . . . . . 92.2 90.2 92.0 93.7 95.8 (in 10 years studied, occurred June 30, 1959) e For a process with Gaussian probability distribution, the region within the standard deviations represents 63% probability of occurrence.

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continued and these data have been used for model calibration and model verification.

There were five significant occurrences during this period of time which bear or ' final decision in this matter:

(1) Unit I at North Anna commenced commercial operation on June 6, 1978; ,

(2) Unit 4 was cancelled on November 25, 1980; (3) Unit 2 at North Anna commenced commercial operation on December 14, 1980; (4) As the model calibration and verification studies progressed, MIT's position changed with regard to the presence, frequency and depth of stratification within the lake. Predicted and subsequently verified data now show that the North Anna reservoir will be a more or less typically stratified impoundment with a defined epillmnion, a transition zone (thermocline) and a defined hypolimnion, and; (5) The startup date for Unit 3 has now been scheduled for 1989 Due to technical difficulties and actions on the part of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), both beyond the control of the Company, we have not entirely achieved our goal of simultaneous two-unit operation during a complete summer (June - September) and we have considered requesting that, despite some limited simultaneous two-unit operation (Appendix D) the Board grant Vepco additional time to submit the report required by the 401 Certification. However, MIT believes that we have collected sufficient data during limited simultaneous operation of two units to adequately calibrate and verify the model, and while there may be further adjustments in predicted temperatures, essentially the temperatures in Lake Anna and the North Anna River downstream resulting from three-unit operation can now be predicted with an error factor of about .6 F (-0.35 C) with a standard deviation of 2.2 F (1.2 C) . MIT believes these to be conservative estimates.

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While we will continue the model studies with a goal of collecting

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data during two-unit operation throughout the summer months, it is our opinion that the additional data from the simultaneous o,peration of two units will not produce any significant. changes in the model predictions.

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Summary of Predicted Surface Temperatures immediately Behind the Dam The Lake Anna dam is an earth-fill structure about 5,000 feet in length, with a central concrete gravity spillway about 200 feet in length.

The crest of the dam is at elevation +265 M.S.L. with a crest width of 30 feet, and the maximum height above the stream bed is about 90 feet. (Figure 1).

The concrete gravity spillway contains three 40 feet wide by 35 feet high radial crest gates for flood control. These gates are separated by concrete piers about 10 feet wide. These gates are used only when flow from Lake Anna exceeds 1,000 cfs. During flows of 40 cfs to 1,000 cfs, water passage is controlled by two " skimmer" gates, one on each end of the series of radial gates. These " skinner" gates are each 8.5 by 8.5 feet and each is capable of passing up to 500 cfs from the surface of Lake Anna to the North Anna River. A concrete apron downstream of the spillway is equipped with an energy dissipater along its base. Water immediately behind the dam has been selected as the reference station for calculating surface temperatures "near the dam" which are also used for determining the temperature of water

< leaving the dam to enter the North Anna River.

[ Based on the selected average ten-year period of time, 1957-1966, i

the verified model was used to predict daily average temperatures immediately behind the dam resulting from 0, 1, 2 and 3 unit operation at North Anna (Table 2).

Equilibrium temperatures of Piedmont surface waters can exceed the j

designated standard (32 C) without thermal additions. Studies indicate that the surface waters of Lake Anna would have exceeded this value during two years of the average ten year period used for modeling. Model predictions show that with one unit in operation the temperature of Lake Anna at the surface immedi-ately behind the dam will exceed 89.6 F (32 C) only two days in ten years or 0.06%

l of the time. With two units operational the surface water immediately behind the dam in Lake Anna will exceed a temperature of 89.6 F (32 C) 30 days in ten

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Table 2. Summary of temperature frequency-duration analyses immediately behind 7

the North Anna dam for 10 year period, 1957-1966.

Temp. F 89.6 92.2 94.1 Symbol e o X 0 U;llTS

1. Years 2 1 0

1. Events 2 1 0 0

1-2 3-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 31-50 51-75 Days Duration

$fNon 8 1 0 Temp. F 89.6 92.2 94.1 1

Symbol e O X 1 UillT

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1-2 3-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 31-50 51-75 Cumulative Days Duration Duration 2 0 0 Temp. F 89.6 92.2 94.1 Symbol e O X e ' "*

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• Cumulative 90 e e Duration 30 1 0 1-2 3-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 31-50 51-75 Days Duration Temp. F 89.6 92.2 94.1 Symbol e o X 3 UtllTS 8 7 2 1

1. Years e e e e e e e # Events 23 5 1 e e e e 90 e 90 e e Cumulative 90 9OX 90 e e e Duration 222 21 3 1-2 3-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 31-50 51-75 Days Duration

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years or 0.8% of the time and one day in ten years or 0.03% of the time the i temperature will exceed 92.2 F (33.5 c). With three units operational the surface water immediately behind th'e dam will exceed a temperature of 89.6 F (32 C) 222 days in ten years or 6.1% of the time, and 21 days in ten years or 0.5% of the time the temperature will exceed 92.2 F (33 5 c).

Three days during the ten year period, or 0.08% of the time, the surface water temperature immediately behind the dam will exceed 94.1 F (34.5 c).

The implications of these calculations on downstream temperatures are discussed in the next section.

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'r Summary of Downstream Temperatures The frequency and duration of temperatures greater than 89.6 F (32 c), 92.2 F (33 5 c), and 94.1 F (34.5 c) have been predicted for surface waters immediately behind the Lake Anna dam from 1957-1966 (Table 2) . This effort also provides a prediction of the temperature of water released by the dam to the North Anna River. Since 89 6 F (32 c) is the maximum allowable temperature in the North Anna River according to the Virginia Water Quality Standards, then Table 2 also provides predictions of the number of times the 89.6 F (32 C) temperature standard is exceeded during the average ten year test period.

The durations for which temperatures exceed 89.6 F (32 C) over prescribed distances are also predicted.

The MIT model predicts that the natural temperature of lake water released downstream would exceed the 89 6 F (32 c) temperature standard in the North Anna River for a total of eight days at some time during two years out of the ten years studied. The model also predicts that even 92.2 F (33.5 C) would have been naturally exceeded in one year of the ten year period.

In contrast, with three units operating the temperature of the water released from the dam to the river would have exceeded 89.6 F (32 C) at some time in seven of the ten years studied, but only 23 times during those seven years. For the entire 10 year study period the 89.6 F (32 C) temperature of water released from the dam would have been exceeded 222 days or 6.1% of the time. Also, 21 days in ten years (0 5% of the time), the water temperature would have exceeded 92.2 F (33 5 c), and three days in 3,650 (0.08% of the time) the temperature would have reached or exceeded 94.1 F (34.5 c).

In addition to examining predictions over the entire average ten-year study period, we decided to generate predictions under two major conditions.

The first involved predictions of equilibrium stream temperatures with the stream unregulated. This is, of course, an unrealistic condition in that

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completely new flow regime and attendant reactions under varying meteorological conditions. However, model predictions did show that for June, July, August, and September, 1959, the worst case example during the average ten year study period, the equilibrium stream temperatures exceeded the 89.6 F (32 C) standard 17 out of 122 days or 14% of the time (Table 3).

We then developed temperature predictions for the stream under the second major condition, the regulated one, in order to determine how far downstream water would have to travel before elevated temperatures returned to 89.6 F (32 C) (during periods when equilibrium was less than 89.6 F.) Again, the model was used to calculate these distances for June, July, August and September of 1959 af ter imposing a dam on the river and regulating the flow at a minimum of 40 cfs where applicable. For these model runs we used historic flow data from Doswell, corrected for evaporation from the Lake Anna surface and tributary inflow between the dam and Doswell.

This set of conditions most nearly reflects those presently existing in North Anna River.

The data indicate that with no units operating computed equilibrium temperatures exceeded the present stream of 89.6 F (32 C) on 17 out of 122 days (Table 3) and the maximum equilibrium ' temperature reached 97 3 F (36.3 C). Two operating units are predicted to cause temperatures exceeding 89.6 F (32 C) only six days for a downstream distance of only 0 5 miles.

t The predictions with 3 units operating show that on 22 days the temperature would have exceeded 89.6 F (32 C) as far as one mile downstream from the dam, and the temperature would have exceeded 89.6 F (32 C) as far as five miles downstream on only two days (Table 3). As might be expected, the distances from the dam required to return elevated temperatures to the numerical standard are as much or more a function of equilibrium temperature and stream flow as a function of station load.

Table). Time-frequency-distcnce calculctions fer 1959 showing number of days and distance downstream .. .

for temperature excursions related to equilibrium temperature of 89.60F on North Anna River

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ll UNION OF 0 MILES EQUILIBRIUM DAM RELEASE COL. DISC. >89.6

>B9.6 >B9.6 2&3 EQ. <89.6 0.5 MILES 1.0 MILES 5.0 MILES No Dam 17 NA 17 NA NA NA NA Dam 17 5 17 0 0 0 0 1 Unit 17 2 18 0 1 0 0 2 Units 17 20 32 15 6 0 0 3 Units 17 76 83 66 40 22 2 Number of Days (of 122)

't Summary of Predicted Epilimnetic Temperatures in Lake Anna The Lake Anna model was used to predict daily natural water temperatures in the epillmnion during the months of June through September for the period 1957 through 1966. For purposes of the modeling effort the temperature in the epillmnion in the entire reach of Lake Anna from the dam to the Pamunkey and North Anna arms was assumed to be isothermal.

In order to make a comparison of projected temperatures in the epilimnion under operating conditions with projected natural temperatures, five points across Lake Anna were used. The locations of these points are:

A. Immediately behind the dam, c

B. about one half way between the dam and the power station intake, C. the power station intake, D. the Route 208 bridge, and E. collectively the Pamunkey and North Anna arms of Lake Anna.

Monthly averages of daily maximum temperatures were predicted as natural epilimnetic values. The permissible 3 C rise in natural temperature was then added to the predicted natural temperature to produce a predicted maximum permissible temperature in the epilimnion for June through September of each year. The resulting predicted temperature values for June through September of each of the 10 years studied (Table 4 ) were then compared with predicted temperatures for the same period under 1, 2, and 3 unit operation.

This comparison resulted in predicted delta-t values at the five above described points in the lake. As expected, the predicted delta-t values

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under 2 and 3 unit operating conditions are the highest for the month of September throughout the 10 year period, in our opinion, this is a result of cooler weather normally occurring in the latter part of September which

Ttble 4 : Predicted Natural Lake l Tcmparatures + 3 C and Delta-t Values for Junn-Saptember, 1957-1966 Reference Point 2 A B C D E A B C D E 1957 June-Permissible 3 32 7 1960 No delta-tb June-Permissible J uly- Permi s s i ble 30.8 32.7 No delta-t 3 units 0.3 July-Permissible Augus t- Permi ss i bl e 32.0 31.0 3 units 0.4 3 units 0.7 0.3 August-Permissible Sep tembe r- Permi ss i bl e 28.4 32.7 3 units 0.4 2 units 0.6 0.1 Septembe r-Perm ((gj e 28.8 3 units 2.2 1.7 1.0 0.1 2 units 0.6 0.1 1958 3 units 2.0 1. 7 0.9 June-Permissible 30.9 1961 No delta-t June-Permissible 29,4 July- Permissible 33.2 No delta-t No delta-t July- Permiss i ble 32.4 August- 31.4 No delta-t 3 units 1.0 0.7 0.1 Augus t- Permi s s i ble 31.3 Sep tembe r- Permi s s i bl e 26.5 3 units 1.0 0.6 2 units 0.6 0.2 Septembe r- PermilIble 20 9 3 units 2.2 1.8 1.1 0.1 2 units 0.2 3 units 1.7 1.2 0.6 1959 J une- Permi ss i ble 33.0 1962 No delta-t June- Permiss ible 29.7 J uly- Permi ss ible 32 9 3 units 0.3 3 units 0.6 0.2 July-Permissible 31.2 Augus t- Permi s s i ble 33.3 3 units 0.4 0.1 3 units 0.4 Augus t- Permiss i ble 30.2 Sep tembe r- Permi ss i bl e 29.3 3 units 0.8 0.4 2 units 0.4 September-Permg), 25 9 3 units 1.9 1.5 0.5 2 units 1.1 0.6 0.1 3 units 2.5 2.1 1.4 0.3

Table 4 : Predicted Natural Lake Temparatures + 3 C and Delta-t Values for June-Srptcmber, 1957-1966 (Continued) * --

Reference Point A B C D E A B C D E 1963 1966 June-Permissible 28.8 No delta-t June-Permissible 29.2 J u ly- Permi s s i bl e No delta-t 31.6 July-Permissible No delta-t 32 3 Augus t- Permi ss i bl e 29.4 3 units 0.1 Augus t- Permi ssi ble 29.8 3 units 1.0 0.6 3 units Sep tembe r- Permi!ible 24.1 0.7 0.4 2 units 0.3 Septembe r- Pe rmi!Ibie 25.3 2 units 0.7 0.2 3 units 1.7 1.1 0.5 3 units 2.1 1.6 09 1964 J une- Permi ss i ble 1 - Natural = Monthly average of daily maximum 29.8 temperatures in the epilimnion.

No delta-t July-Permiss ible 31.4 3 units 2 - Reference Point 0.2 A - Dam Augus t-Permi ssi ble 28.8 B - One half way between dam and intake 3 units i.0 0.7 C - Intake September-Permilible 25.5 D - Route 208 bridge 2 units 0.4 E - Pamunkey and North Anna arms.

3 units 1.9 1.4 0.7 1965 3 - Permissible temperature = Monthly average of daily maximum temperatures + 3 C.

J une- Permi s s ibl e 28.9 No delta-t 4 - Delta-t = Monthly average of daily maximum J uly- Permi ssible 31.4 No delta-t temperatures resulting f rom I, 2, and 3 unit Augus t- Permiss ible station operation minus permissible temperatures.

29 9 3 units 0.8 0.4 Septembe r- PermI5Ible 27.0 3 units 1.4 1.0 0.2 l

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tends to decrease the monthly average of the daily maximum temperatures while the thermal load to the lake produced by unit operations tends to remain constant. We believe that it is highly significant that there were no instances during the entire 10 year period when predicted delta-t values were noted upstream of the Route 208 bridge and the maximum delta-t value was only 0.3 C at the Route 208 bridge. Review of predicted delta-t temperature values under all unit operating conditions during June throughout the entire 10 year period revealed the fact that in only one instance, June, 1962, was a delta-t value produced. Here again, this value was only 0 3 C and was confined to the area immediately behind the dam. Predicted delta-t values were frequently noted for July in six years of the 10 year period, however, in no case were these values more than 0.6 C and they were confined to the portion of the lake from immediately behind the dam to a point one half way between the dam and the intake. The month of August produced deita-t values throughout the 10 year period, although the highest predicted delta-t was only 1.0 C which occurred in 1958, 1961, 1963 and 1964.

This value was confined to the area immediately behind the dam. There was a predicted delta-t of 0.1 C in 1958 in the area of- the power station intake (Table 4).

The predicted values, in our opinion, indicate that the June through September temperature predictions for 1957 and 1962 were the most significant. Since there is obviously a transition in predicted temperature I values from point to point, we have graphically displayed in Figures 2 through 10 these predicted delta-t values in sections as follows:

1. A section encompassing from the dam to one half the distance between points A and B described above.

2. A section encompassing from one half the distance between points A and B to one half the distance between points B and C.

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LAKE ANNA EPILBINETIC WATER TEMPERATURES PREDICTED DELTA T VALUES ABOVE PREDICTED NATURAL W.ATER TEMPERATURES + 3 C Y E A R = 1 '357 (10 NTH = JULY UNITS OPERATIONAL =3 NATURAL TEMPERATURE =29.7 r

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Lil 4 a e, W 1 w a> D+ o M Ci U' M- I 4d  % Ab _ ui b ( Ld l 1 l l 3 A section encompassing from one half the distance between points B and C to one half the distance between points C and D.

4. A section encompassing from one half the distance between points C and D to one half the distance between points D and E.

5 A section encompassing from one half the distance between points D and E upstream to include the Pamunkey and North Anna arms. In 1957 predicted delta-t values were noted in July, August and September and ranged from 0.1 C in September with 2 and 3 units operational to 2.2 C in September with 3 units operational. In 1957, September was the only month when delta-t values were noted beyond Section B described above. In that instance Section C had a predicted delta-t value of 1.0 C while Section D described above had a predicted delta-t value of 0.1 C (Figures 2-5). During the period June through September,1962, predicted delta-t values were noted in each month and ranged from 0.1 C in July with 3 units operational and in September with 2 units operational, to 2.5 C in September with 3 units operational. In 1962 no predicted delta-t values had been noted up the lake from Section B uritil September and these values did not exceed 0.4 C in Section B. In September, with 3 units operational, a delta-t value was noted in Section D, however, this value was only 0 3 C (Figures 6-10). 'e .', Ecological Studies Prior to the impoundment of the North Anna River ecological studies conducted by others had shown severe degradation due to continuing acid mine drainage resulting from mining operations conducted along tribu-tary streams during the 1800's and early 1900's. After impoundment in 1972, consultants retained by Vepco conducted extensive baseline studies on the North Anna River downstream from the dam. The results have been filed with the Board in the form of annual reports. The initial studies showed the North Anna River to be practically devoid of biological life as far downstream as the confluence of the North Anna River with the South Anna River. Since impoundment of the river, the zone exhibiting biological life has been moving steadily upstream toward the base of the dam. The main reason for the return of biological life to the North Anna River appears to be attenuation of heavy metals and low pH water in the Contrary Creek arm of the North Anna reservoir. Extensive preoperational and postoperational studies on the North Anna River have shown no detrimental effect on aquatic populations due to station operation. Instead, benefits have been and are accruing. By the end of 1980, for example, there had been up to a 150% increase in the numbers of fish species at some sampling stations along the North Anna River when compared to 1973 values. Submerged aquatic vegetation and benthic organisms have also shown dramatic increases. In addition to the river studies, extensive biological and water l quality studies have been ongoing in Lake Anna since impoundment. An extensive

10 year data base developed to date has shown Lake Anna to be one of the most i

! productive reservoirs in Virginia with every indication that it will remain that way. l l In fact, it has been predicted by Game and inland Fisheries Commission biologists that the Virginia largemouth bass record will soon be broken by a bass taken l from Lake Anna. i - . - . = _ _ . - _ _ _ _ _ --_ _ . . . . - investigation of Options to Produce Compliance Temperatures in Lake Anna and North Anna River Downstream From the impoundment in accordance with the 401 Certification issued by the Board for the construction of Units 3 and 4, certain design options were investigated in the event that the modeling studies produced a need to reduce temperatures resulting from three-unit operation. The options investigated are as ' follows: (1) Minimize entrance mixing, thereby increasing heat transfer efficiency in the initial reaches of the waste heat treatment facility; (2) Reroute the flow in the waste heat treatment facility by constructing a dividing dike in Pond 2 and constructing an interconnecting channel e between the upper end of the two side arms in Pond 2. This would increase the efficiency of the side arms in dissipating heat; (3) Reduction in flow l through the station condensers thus increasing the discharge temperatures from the condensers. This would increase the condenser cooling water temperature which would, in turn, increase surface heat transfer to the atmosphere within the waste heat treatment facility; (4) Bubble aerators to destratify the main lake. This would allow for lower downstream temperatures and also increase dissolved oxygen in the hypolimnion. A bubbler system would lower temperatures in the main lake as well as the North Anna River, but such a system is less precisely operated with the result that more bottom water than is needed would be brought to the surface; (5) Cooling towers to cool condenser cooIIng water discharges; and (6) Installation of a siphon to take advantage of the stratified lake which permits us to discharge a mixture of cooler hypolimnetic water and warmer surface water to the i North Anna River from the dam. Of the above options investigated, the installation of cooling towers or the construction of siphon produced the best results. Cooling , tower costs in 1981 dollars, however, would range from $68 million for one unit to $211 million for three units, and consumptive water use would increase significantly. 's .', The estimated cost for the siphon would be around $3 million. As its name implies the siphon would utilize the extensive pool of deep, cooler hypolimnctic water to mix with surface water to bring water discharged from the dam into compliance with the numerical standard. It should be noted that these costs to the Company are in addition to the cost of studies required by the Board. r o', The Company's Proposal The MIT report indicates that it will not be possible at all t imes to comply w t' .ae numerical standard in the North Anna River downstream from the impoundment particularly under 2 and 3 unit loads. However, the Company's investigation shows that a siphon will, by virtue of withdrawal of cooler water from the hypolimnetic layer in the impoundment, enable the Company to comply with the numerical standard downstream. The Company is not unwilling to provide the siphon. However, in view of the fact that weteve not experienced two-unit load simultaneously during an entire summer season, we would like to continue to study this matter. We believe that this is a reasonable request in view of the fact that our biological studies to date have not shown any adverse effect on aquatic life downstream in the North Anna River as a result of operations at the station. With regard to the impoundment, the model predictions indicate that we will not be able to maintain epilimnctic temperatures throughout the impoundment within 3 C of the natural reservoir temperature at all times. However, data from our intensive and extensive ecological studies within the impoundment do not show any adverse impact from the operation of two units and we would like to continue these biological studies until Unit 3 is or line and has operated simultaneously with Units 1 and 2. In the interir. our studies, which are ongoing and long-term, would detect unanticipated adverse effects attributable to operations of the power station. We are prepared to commit to the continuing studies downstream and within the impoundment and we are prepared to discuss with appropriate staff members past studies, conclusions, and the course and content of these t r /, ongoing studies which we propose. While the MIT report predicts elevated temperatures in Lake Anna no damage to aquatic life has occurred to date, nor is such damage anticipated. We also feel that in spite of MIT's confidence in the model, we and the Board would be ill advised to invest large amounts of capital in facilities until all three units are operational and their influence is known. In the interim there are adequate safeguards inherent in our continuing studies to insure early identification of unanticipated problems and to react appropriately. There is the additional foremost consideration that if unanticipated damage occurs, it is not irreversible. In summary we:

1. Will complete the MIT modeling effort by continuing development of a data base with two units simultaneously operating during the entire June through September period. This will require collection of temperature, meteorological and flow data primarily during July, August and September. Hopefully much, if not all of this effort will be completed during 1982.

( 2. We will design, and obtain the necessary NRC approvals for the construction of, the siphon. We will make the necessary committment, subject to NRC approval, to install the siphon . expeditiously should environmental studies of the North Anna River indicate the need to do so. 3 We will continue our biological studies of Lake Anna and North Anna River through the construction and operation of Unit 3 Such studies should be approved by the Board following consultation with the staff. Reporting frequency and the nature of such reports can be determined through consultation with the staff. We urge your favorable consideration of our proposals. l M.I.T. TECHNICAL REPORTS Brocard, D. N. , Jirka, C. H. , and Harleman, D.R.F. , "A Model for the Convective Circulation in Side Arms of Cooling Lakes", R. M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics, Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.T., T.R. 223, 1977. Octavio, K. H., Jirka, G. H., and Harleman, D. R. F., " Vertical Heat Transport Mechanisms in Lakes and Reservoirs", R. M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics, Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.T., T.R. 227, 1977 Jirka, G. H., Brocard, D. N., Detavio, K. H., Watanabe, M., and Harleman, D. R. F., " Analysis of Cooling Effectiveness and Transient Long-Term Simulations of a Cooling Lake", R. M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics, Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.T., T.R. 232, 1977 l l i c' (, cl' ',:a". ':Ye s.%" .'; , .s ll 1;;:!.! AppandIx A , p ,- . . [ .. . . - - - . p , ,. , , O s i * ~ s . ., i ~ . 's v . ' . . .., w - v.-toab ,> v i . iii. .e... -...e .. .s . n s v.o no / u .,,.,, - A w s> , .r . . t . e .2. . . .- . ... , b* , ',- ' . , t 9.. t soarm r.ur.wre-CERTIFICATE No~.:, , 's cc. & Cinaseman ISSUED TO g , w, g ,. .,,, y H en* y S

• t . . - .

Virginia IIeetric and Power Cocpany M*: a r 1 Ana cw % JA.N., P.O. Box 1194 Richmond, Virginia 23209 , [y,.,[.',' . M' ENDED ON . February 11, 1972 The State k*ater Control Board hereby certifies that the proposed North Anna Nucicar Power Station Project located on the h' orth ' Anna River in Louisa County, Spotsylvania County and Orange County, Virginia, as specified in the applicatien to the Board on Septecber 28, 1970, provides reasonable assurcnce that applicable water quality standards will not be violated subject to the folleving provisions: j

1. Tnat the Virginic Elcetric and Power Co= par.y shall at all tic.es prcvida a mini =um instantaneous release from the i=poundnent of at least 40 efs.

2. Luring the period when the reservoir is being filled, the Virginia Elcetric and Power Cc=pany shall at all tines provide a minimum instantaneous release from the impoundment of not less than 150 cfs durinr, the sconths of February through June. This provision is subject to additional action, if required, by the State l

Corporation Co= mission or this Board. 1

3. That the staf f, in conjunction with the Virginia Institute of Marine Science end the Virginia Electric and Power Company, monitor the downstreae water quality and effect of salinity on dosnstream environtient to determine the effect of the 40 cfs minimum release schedule.

! 4. If at sny titne fire data from such monitoring indicates that further action on the part of the Board is necessary in order to protect water quality standards within the authority granted it under Title 62.1, Ch pter 3.1, Articles 1-7, Code of I Virt. inia, the staf f is to it=ediately report the need for such actica to the Board. l --~ j , . . v. $*e 4 44 *.

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....;....u %4 e- .* . In cddition, thit; Certf ficate is isneed eith the understanding that, in accordonce with the rians for the project, the Virginia E1cetric and Pcuer Cer,any and its prejcet contractorc vi31 not vie. late the unter qualfty standa:Js as a result of a direct or indirect dischstge of the spoil ced ccast rutilon c.iterf als to State waters. It is further undcr-ctood that any direct or indirect discharge of spoil material cr con-struction caterial to State waters vill be subject to abatccent and control under the State Water Control Law. The teard reserves the right to acond this Certificate for good cause and af tcr proper hearing. / By: A. H. Paessler, Executive Secretary e O 1 e Y g e STATE .. n n... WATER COI4Tb' OL. POAnD ^*"d! 8 .. . ; ...4. . n .u e n, <. e.....c.. . n ~. v.. ,~ .w..woun un ,e. .. . - i l. . y... .... .-l,l(

.6 % ...

-n. .,&, .. .. *  ; .*::-i . ' . .y. . . . . .%. . , .;. . ,' r % . v 401 CENT 3r1CATE Q';',iu'J. UOAltn f..tf *l.! H., . 10 SUED TO - cr.n. .n. YlMC11DL ThEC1TilC Ai:3 P0'.!CR CD:!P.'.!a* 9..e J to.,n NORTl! Al:NA WChrAl; P0"ER STAYlON H W Ed'*'$ LOUISA C0:'!rfY, VIRC1N1A ' " , ' ,1",l, ',),'M.k.3.,','. 0:4 AUCOST 29, 1973 ^ '* ' " W 'M ' - >' no'.t.: W.Ae m -d The State l!ater Contrcl Board hereby certifies that the Applicant's propoced tooling vater discharges from the North Anna Pever Station, Units 1 cad 2, propoced to be locatcd on the North Anna River in Louica County, Virninia, as specified in the application to the' Board dated , !! arch 30,1973, and supplemented by the letter from the Applicant dated i tiay 25, 3973, and by the record of a hearing held on June '19, 1973, uill I cociply with (i) the Virginia !!ater Quality Standards which becanc effcetive cn July 20, 1970, and which are, as amended, in full force and effect under {' i Section 303 of Public Law 92-500, and (ii) a Jimitation on vaste 1. cat discharged *

• to the treatrient facility fror: the two units of 13.54 x 109 LTU/hr., which is cn applic:.bic limitation under Section 30] (b) (1) '(C) of Public Law 92-500, and which is the basis of design of the facility. There io no other applic:1>1c '

effluent licitation or other licitation under Sections 30],(b) and 302 and there is  ; not in effect. on applicable standard under Sections 306 and 307 of Public Law 92-500' presently  ! j The Board directs that the Applicant take the fallowing step to assure that the i Virginia !!ater Quality Standards are complied with: - . e The Applicant, in cooperation with the staff, will by August 18, ' 1973, cubmit to the board for its approval a comprehensive water quality monitoring progra:n for Lake.finna, the vaste heat treatment facility and the North Anna River downctream of the Lahe Anna Dam, that vill. provide an adequate basis for determining, on the' basis of results collected through the end of the first full year of operation of the second North Anna Unit to to into operation, whether the operation of the third and/or fourth units at the North Anna site vill t esult in violation of (i) any applicable legal requirement, includir.g water quality standardc, and (ii) any ef fluent limitation on vaste heat ubich muct be imposed upon Units 3 and 4 by the Board in the above-tentioned Section 401 certification. Pursuant to Sectionc 401 (d) and 510 of Public Law 97-500, thic cert ificate in issued with the underr.tanding that dicchargen fron the above facilitica nust comply with applicable State !!at er Quality Standards, other litai.tations, standards, regulationn, and requirciacnts cctablished in accordance with the , State k'ater Control Law. - Purther, the conditionn of the certificate of t.nsurance innued to the Applkant on Pebruary 31, 1972, pur+uant to Section 21 (h) of Public 1.aw 91-;'24, are incorporated here in by ref erence as limitat iosa and shall continue in full force G 4. ee . . s . + , .-. e. ,. , . /. . " D rtJflerte . 5.'I:; iiila l'1. t t rf c l. I'v. cr Company ' 1:.o i1, /,nn: 1:u.:) ear l'orer .NtoL1on l'.i;;i 2 g and effert u:ti: arnded as a renult of modif

• cation of water quality standards and/or pro:.ul;:ction of applicable, mre st rin;. cut ef f Jucnt lirait atic,nn pur8unnt-to l'oblic l aw 12-500. This certificate is t.ubject to reve, cation or atenduent for good cc.use and after preper hearing.

By: b e,~ h N #4 ~ -. . Eul;cn Jensen, L # 'cive Secretary Acceptance of the conditions contained herein is hereby" acknowledged by: / / . . Q,.- A , _ ,?.c2p.- 6 u Date: - n.1/.3c* - . /97.9 M Q e e

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'.5+a ll .'.> - I '. . f, ,f ' '. " .! , ,i j , , C .u 401 Ci:RTIlICATN , oormo r. i r. m.e IS. CUED TO n on .. . . . n ..,,,, . c a. .mn VIRGINIA PLTCTP.IC A!!D POUR.R CO:PANY gji'l,j[',' ,- , 1;0RTl! ANNA NUCLEAR TOLT.1; STATION sen,y ... s im..s o LOUISA COUNTY, VInClNIA . Urs.nv

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~ An$m W. t/i um A. ON A11 GUST 29,1973 "" "#" The State Uater Control Loard hereby certifics, with rerpect to the Applicant's proposed coo 31ng water discharges from the Nort.h Anna Nuc1 car Pouer Station, Units 3 rind 4, proposed to be located on the North Anna River in Louica County, Virginia, that there is not an applicable effluent limitation or other limitation under Scctions 301 (b) and 302, and there is not an applicable stcndard under Sections 306 and 307 of Public Law 92-500 presently in ef fect. - An applicable linitat.icn vill be establiched, however, on the basis of the results of the inonitoring progra n required below. Accordingly, the certification set out. hercin with respect to construction of Units 3 and 4 shall not fulfill the requirementu of Section 401 (a) of Public Law 92-500 with recpect to the license required for their operation; a further certification from the Board pursuant to Section 401 ., (c) phall be rcquited prior to 8.;ch operation. , TheI.ocrdfurtherconcludes,basedontheapplicationtotheBoardonMarcii30, . 1973, as cnpplcranted by the letter from the Applicant, dated liay 25,1973, and by the record of a hearing held on June 19, 1973, that if it should appear from the results of the monitoring progran rec,uired below that operation of the facility as proposed by the Applicant might' result in a violation of the Virginia State Uater Quality Standards, which becarae effcetive on July 20, 1970, and which, as amended, arc in full force and effect under Section 303 of Public Law 92-500, there are alternative facilitics or operating procedures that can be installed or implemented that vill achieve compliance with such standards. The Board, thero-fore, concludes that cont:tructien of Units 3 and 4 should be permitted to proceed, subjer.t to the following lir..itationc necessary to assure that the Applicant will co. ply with the Virginia Unter Quality Standards: [1. The App 31 cant, in cooperation with the staff, will by August 18, 1973, submi t to the Board for its approval a comprehencive water quality nenitorjnr program f or Lahe Ann:i, the waste heat t reatment facility and the North Anna River downstreau of the Lahc Anna Dam that will provide an adequate bat,1c for determining, on the basis of recu' tc collec ted through the end of the first full year of operation of the cccond !! orth Anna Un't to to into operation, whether :he operatien of t)ic third and/or f ourth unf tr. at the North Anna cite vill resulL in violation of (i) any applicable legal re-e me nau. e e se . . . * . * * .. 4D3 t%r131i c.it r- * . T int,tuJ. 1:1ces s ie t. Pouer Omrany . .e'.Um th /.n::a I;uclear Tower St.1 len l' age 2 quircrent, includinn vater qu.ility ctandarde, and (11) any eff 3 u"nt

• linitatJun on wante heat which tout be irponed upon Unitu 3 and 4 by the heard in th : above-contion d Section 401 certification.

2. Not later than the roepletion of the firnt full year of operation of the second North Anna Unit to go into operation, the Applicant will app 3y to the Board for the Section 401 Certification which is required prior to incunnce of the operating license f or Units 3 Me 4. At the tine of such application t he ap;'31 cant shall either (1) demonstrate to the board, baned on the results of the n.onitoring program, that oper..tien of a third and/or fourth unit at the North Anna site will not recult in a violation of any 1c;.,a1 requirec.cnt,

$ncluding water quality standardn, applicabic at the tine, or (ii) if the toard finds that the addition of a third and/or fourth unit vill result in such a violation, submit to the Board for its approval plans and specifications for facilitics adequate to assure conpliance with such requirements, and steps to be taken, pending

• conpletion of such facilitics, which may include reduction of the load factor on all or any of the four units as may be necessary to assure that all applicable legal requirements vill be cocplied with.

The conditions cf the Certificate of Assurance issued to the Applicant on February 11, 1972, pursuant to Section 21 (b) of Public Law 91-224, are incorporated herein by referenc8'as lindtations and shall continue in ful) , force and effect until atended as a result of rcodification of water quality standards ~ and/or promul t .. tion of applicabic, more ntringent effluent linitations pursuant to Public Law 92-500. This certificate is subject to-revocation or acendeent . for good cause end after proper hearing. . By: M;ugene T. Jensen, hecutive Secretary Acceptance of the conditions contained herein is hereby acknowledged byt i h> f g,y a Date: h e ge n..o90 gl7.? 9' . _ . e e eeen gewee eumeemewe'ee, esmewe pwe eee ee a ene se e . O en O 4s e - ge. eoe e.e e geee e, e. e e o e. e , . ene e g ge, gm _ es .ge e***

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