ML20024F130

Program Plan Summary of Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Units 1 & 2 Control Room.

ML20024F130
Person / Time
Site:	Calvert Cliffs
Issue date:	09/01/1983
From:	BALTIMORE GAS & ELECTRIC CO.
To:
Shared Package
ML20024F117	List: ML20024F116 ML20024F130
References
PROC-830901, NUDOCS 8309080250
Download: ML20024F130 (117)

Text

.. .

PROGRAM PLAN

SUMMARY

OF THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNITS 1 AND 2 CONTROL ROOM Prepared For:

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission Prepared By:

Baltimore Gas and Electric Company September 1,1983 f.

8309080250 830901 PDR ADOCK 05000317 P PDR

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Task Phasing 2 2.0 MANAGEMENT AND STAFFING 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Management Responsibility 7 2.3 Evaluation Team Composition 8 3.0 DOCUMENTATION AND DOCUMENT CONTROL 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 Reference Documentation 11 3.3 Data Collection and HED Documentation 11 3.4 DCRDR Findings and Reports 12 3.5 Documentation Control Process 17 4.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH 20 4.1 Introduction 20 4.2 Procedural Walk-Throughs 20 4.3 Task Analysis 21 4.4 Operator Interviews 23 4.5 Annunciator System Review 24 4.6 Human Factors Engineering Checklists 24 4.7 Control Room Surveys 25 4.8 Special Studies 28 1

5.0 ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION 31 5.1 Assessment 31 5.2 Ifnplementation 33 5.3 Verification and Validation 33

- 3.4 Negative Transfer of Training 35 L

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1 i j APPENDICES I

APPENDIX A Human Factors Evaluation Group Resumes APPENDIX B Human Fr.ctors/ Operations Support Group Resumes APPENDIX C Operational Engineering Group Resumes

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

This Program Plan Summary Report has been prepared in response to NUREG-0737 paragraph I.D.I. This report describes the program for the Detailed Control Room Design Review (DCRDR) conducted for the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) owned and operated by the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BG&E). The outline of this report follows that recommended in NUREG-0700, Paragraph 5.1 (September 1981), as follows:

1. Introduction (Review Plan)

2. Management and Staffing

3. Documentation and Document Control

4. Technical Approach

5. Assessment and Implementation.

Implementation of the program described herein met the objectives of NUREG/CR-1580 and closely followed the guidance of that document. The DCRDR was conducted between May 1980 and May 1981. In addition, this document outlines special studies undertaken by BG&E to provide a more thorough review or enhancement of the human factors engineering (HFE) portion of the control room (CR) design. "Special studies" refers to tasks beyond the scope of the NUREG/CR-1580 review that utilized data from existing HFE, learning theory, and industrial psychology literature (for detailed informa-tion, see Section 4.7).

BG&E and Essex are satisfied that the results obtained in conformance with NUREG/CR-1580, combined with the special studies, provides a comprehensive review of all HFE aspects of the CCNPP control room. It should be noted that three portions of the review were revised after the release of NUREG-0700. The revised tasks were the control room illumination survey, noise survey, and operator-protective equipment survey.

It must be emphasized that the applicable industry document specifying HFE criteria during the review period was NUREG/CR-1580. The DCRDR was completed in i

good faith to meet the regulatory requirements of the day. Approximately six months after the completion of the BG&E DCRDR, NUREG-0700 was published. With the

} exception of the three surveys mentioned previously, BG&E did not re-evaluate the DCRDR results in light of this new document. It is BG&E's position that the differences 1

between NUREG/CR-1580 and NUREG-0700 have been accommodated, given that the completed DCRDR was thorough and based on sound human engineering principles.

BG&E does recognize differences between the documents. First, NUREG/CR-1580 relied heavily on human factors engineering checklists as a data collection device, where NUREG-0700 uses surveys as the primary source of data. While the methods of data collection varied, the end result is similar, i.e., the generation of human engineering discrepancy reports. Although a CR inventory per se was et conducted, the same information can be obtained from the CCNPP review using the photo mosaic, and materials from the project library such as equipment specificaticas and the instrument list. The most significant difference be tween the two approaches is task analysis. At the time of the CCNPF DCRDR, procedur c' walk-throughs and task analyses were conducted using the available event-related emu ;ency operating procedures (EOP). New require-ments specify the use of symptom-based EOPs. To date, symptom-based procedures have not been developed at Calvert Cliffs. When such procedures become available, BG&E will revise the CCNPP task analysis.

This program summary does not discuss any review findings or recommendations.

This information is contained in the Final Report and HED Status Record.

1.2 Task Phasing The review was conducted in four phases, as follows:

o Phase 1 - Project Planning e Phase 2 - CR Review e Phase 3 - Evaluation of HED Reports e Phase 4 - Reporting.

Figure I shows, in general, the phases and task flow for conducting the DCRDR.

Detailed descriptions of the objectives, methods, and procedures are contained in Section 4.0 (Technical Approach) of this document. A summary.of the activities of each phase is contained in subsequent paragraphs of this section.

1.2.1 Phase 1 - Project Planning A project management plan was drawn up, an activities schedule was developed, and a library of control room-related documentation was established. The project planning phase was subdivided into four tasks as follows:

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1. Evaluation Team Selection 2

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 4 PLANNING CONTROL ROOM llEVIEW REPORTING

• SELECT EVALUATION TEAM

• PERFORM OPERATOR

• PERFORM

• PREPARE FINAL REPORT

• PREPARE: INTERVIEWS CHECKLISTING

• PREPARE HE0 STATUS

-Project Library -

• PERFORM VIDE 0 TAPE

• PERFORM CONTROL m RECORO

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-Management Procedures WALKTHROUGHS RODM SURVEYS Evaluation Materials

• PERFORM TASK ANALYSIS

• PERFORM SPECIAL

• PERFORM ANNUNCIATOR Ot Col tin Schedule REVIEW

-Reporting A

HEDs if UPCATE HE0 PHASE 3 STATUS HE0 EVALUATION RECORO l

• PERFORM HE0

• OETERMIEE ASSESSMENT: DISPOSITION 1580 Devia ions -Deveier Backfit

-Operational Impact Cave:cy Tenedale

-Error Consequence FIGURE 1. TASK PHASING OF THE DCP.DR AT CCNPP

2. Project I.ibrary Preparation

3. Management Procedures Preparation

4. Data Collection and Reporting Schedule.

1.2.1.1 Evaluation Team Selection - The evaluation team members were selected from the human factors staff of the Essex Corporation and from groups representing the required operations, engineering, and maintenance disciplines at BG&E. The evaluation team is described in detail in Section 2.0.

1.2.1.2 Project Library Preparation - The project library was established with reference documents used to support the Calvert Cliffs CR evaluation (see Section 3.0).

These documents included, but were not limited to, the following:

e Licensee Event Reports

• FSARs e Technical Specifications e System Descriptions e Piping and instrumentation Drawings e Floor plans e Panel drawings and photographs e Sof tware descriptions e Procedures (EOP, AOP, OP, etc.)

e Samples of computer printouts e Various NRC and indusuy documents bearing on CR design (1580, 0700, IEEE specs and standards, HF texts, etc.).

1.2.1.3 Management Procedures Preparation - Technical management systems and procedures were prepared to govern the storage, processing, and recovery of data produced by the CR evaluation. The system allowed technical and management decisionmaking to be readily accessed. In addition, this provided a method for locating data for auditing purposes. A more complete description of the management systems and procedures is provided in Section 3.0 (Documentation and Document Control).

1.2.1.4 Data Collection and Reporting Schedule - A schedule was established for both data collection and reporting. Data collection was proposed to take 32 weeks.

1 Various constraints were considered when establishing this schedule. These included operations personnel availability; control room activities restricting accessibility (e.g.,

maintenance, testing, startup of unit, etc.); and simulator availability. Writing of the rcport was estimated to require six weeks.

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1.2.2 Phase 2 - CR Review Data collection, reduction, and analysis occurred during this phase. The data that were collected were compared to NUREG/CR-1580 criteria. Identified deviations from these criteria were documented on Human Engineering Discrepancy (HED) reports.

Additionally, several special studies designed to enhance human-system interfaces were performed during Phase 2. The CR review phase was subdivided into the following seven tasks (see Section 4.0):

e Operator interviews e Procedural walk-throughs e Task analysis e Annuncit. tor system review 4 Human factors engineering checklists e Control room surveys

= Special studies.

1.2.3 Phase 3 - Evaluation of HED Reports Throughout all phases of the DCRDR process, an ongoing evaluation of HEDs was conducted. The HEDs were reviewed and decisions made concerning the action to be taken. As HED reports were accumulated, they were given multiple reviews and assessed for the following:

e Extent of deviations from 1580 guidelines e Impact of discrepancy upon operation e Likelihood of error e Potential consequence of error occurrence.

1.2.4 Phase 4 - Reporting Two reports were prepared that documented the findings, analyses of data, and disposition of discrepancies. These were the Final Report and the HED Status Record.

The Final Report presents an overview of the procedures used and sets forth the results of the DCRDR and of the special studies. The Human Engineering Discrepancy Status

} Record lists the disposition of each HED.

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2.0 MANAGEMENT AND STAFFING 2.1 Introduction Management has demonstrated its commitment to control room safety from an HFE standpoint: BG&E accommodated the requirements set forth in the post-TMI design specifications and NUREG/CR-1580 shortly af ter their issuance. Both requirements were addressed concurrently -- prior to the issuance of NUREG-0700. BG&E saw advantages in ide.itifyirig any ir.hurent design defects and contributing input for the new requirements as quickly as possible. Committee member appointment was performed through joint agreement by BG&E managers who were responsible for the design ano operation of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant.

The datt. .o!!ection portien of this program was developed and executed by the Essex Corporatior with cooperation, but not assisumce, from BG&E personnel. This was done to enable the human factors personnel to maintain their objectivity during this phase of the study. The following subsections set for*h the responsibilities of the DCRDR managers and describes the evatur. tion team structure.

2.2 Management Responsibility 2.2.1 Introduction Overall task responsibility resides with the liscensee. To this end the line of direct

. corporate responsibility is as defined in BG&E's revised FSAR, Chapter 12, Figure 12.2.

Since the intent of this review was to assess the design adequacy of the Calvert Cliffs Control Room, administrative control resided in the Responsible Design Organization, Electric Engineering Department. Figure 2 shows the project team structure for the DCRDR.

2.2.2 The Human Engineering Program Director (HEPD)

The HEPD was the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company designated representative, 7 Mr. Michael A. Canova, who maintained the overall responsibility for the administration of the Detailed Control Room Design Review Program. His responsibilities included, but were not limited to:

A. The overall administration of the DCRDR of BG&E's nuclear generating units at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) 6

CALVERT CLIFFS CONTROL ROOM DESIGN REVIEW I

ELECTRIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT C.H. CRUSE PROJECT MANAGER M.A. CANOVA l FROJECT DIRECTOR 1 . _ _ . I __

K.G. TIETJEN ESSEX CORPORATION T.E. MEYERS SR. REACTOR OPERATOR HUMAN FACTORS SUPPORT SR. l&C ENGINEER I

K.M. MALLORY TASK COORDINATOR I

R.K. EIKE PROJECT SCIENTIST FIGURE 2. TEAM MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE l

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B. Administering vendor contracts associated with the performance of the DCRDR C. Integrating and coordinating other human factors programs as described in other NRC publications, such as NRC Task Action Plan NUREG-0660 and NUREG-0737 and Implementation of Regulatory Guide 1.97.

D. Coordinating and developing the necessary administrative controls to support an implementation program.

2.2.2 The Human Factors Task Coordinator (HFTC)

The HFTC responsible for the CCNPP DCRDR was Mr. Kenneth M. Mallory. Mr.

Mallory was responsible for directing and coordinating the necessary personnel, task teams, and review groups rt: quired to support the DCRDR effort. The HFTC also ceviewed each HED reported to the review comittee. This arrangement of administra-tive responsibility allowed the DCRDR management team to quickly evaluate 'project priorities, assignment of specialized key personnel based on the overall project schedule, as well as consistency of program philosophy between sister units. Mr. Mallory was assisted closely by Ms. Robin K. Eike, who acted as Project Manager, overseeing on-site ,

work and other day-to-day activities.

2.3 Evaluation Team Composition 2.3.1 Introduction The CCNPP control room design evaluation team was composed of Essex Corporation and BG&E personnel representing a cross-section of the required disciplines.

The evaluation team consisted of three functionally different groups: the Human Factors Evaluation Group, the Human Factors / Operations Support Group, and the Operational Engineering Group. The first two groups consisted primarily of Essex Corporation Human Factors Specialists, while the third group was composed of BG&E personnel representing Operations, Plant Engineering, and Staff Instrumentation and Controls Engineering. This three-group configuration does not imply that separate, noncommunicative roles were performed. Quite the reverse: close administrative coordination over the review was maintained, and interaction between groups and individuals was constant throughout the 8

evaluation period. Subsequent paragraphs address the roles of these groups, responsi-bilities of the group members, and the members' qualifications.

2.3.2 Human Factors Evaluation Group This group was composed of eight human factors specialists located in Alexandria, Virginia. The group's responsibilities were to conduct the data collection, data reduction, and preliminary data analysis phases of the design evaluation. The senior member of this group was also responsible for the Essex administration and management of project personnel, scheduling and coordination of the evaluation activities, reporting progress to the BG&E Project Manager, and representing the human factors position at HED review meetings.

This group consisted of the following individuals (resumes are prevideo in Appendix A):

e Kenneth M. Mallory - Department Director, Project Dir ector, Senior Scientist e Robin K. Eike - Project Manager, Research Scientist e Denise B. McCafferty -- Research Scientist e Stephen A. Fleger - Research Scientist e Timothy K. O'Donoghue - Research Assistant e Everett M. Boyd - Research Assistant e Candace Weiss - Research Assistant e Carol A. Kain - Research Assistant.

2.3.3 Human Factors / Operations Support Group

! This group was composed of Essex-Alexandria personnel and varied in size and make-up based on support requirements of the primary evaluation group. It had a total i

composition of six senior human factors specialists, one nuclear engineer, two reactor operators, two human factors specialists to perform data collection, and one photography specialist. This support group's responsibilities were:

e 2ssex contract support and management 1 e Review, in-depth analysis, discrepancy definition, and discrepancy resolution recommendations as required e Data collection support e Operational and engineering analysis, as required e Special study conduct, analysis, and reporting.

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The group was composed of the following individuals (resumes are provided in Appendix B):

e Thomas Malone - Behavioral Sciences Division Director, Senior Research Scientist e Mark Kirkpatrick, III - Principal Investigator, Senior Research Scientist e Robert Kinkade - Senior Research Scientist e Clifford C. Baker - Senior Staff Scientist e David R. Eike - Senior Staff Scientist e Douglas Mc+ calf - Nuclear Engineering Support ,

e Walter T. Talley - Senior Scientist, Branch Manager e Tom Harding - Operations Support o Albert Strong - Operations Support e France; P!wione - Research Associate o Diane 3eorling - Research Assis+ ant e John Jacoby - Photographer.

2.3.4 Operational Engir.ceting Group This group consisted of BG&E personnel that were either permanently assigned to the evaluation team or were assigned as needed. Three of the permanent members of this group were Instrumentation and Controls Engineers with varying degrees of experience; one member was a Senior Reactor Operator. This group's responsibilities were to provide overall contract coordination, on-site documentation retrieval, and support services for the human factors data collection teams, and technical input during HED assessment.

Implementation of all modifications were to be handled under administrative procedures l . for the control of 10CFR 50.59 changes. This grcup was responsible for initiation of these

. changes within the framework of this system. (S e Section 5.2 for additional information.)

l This group was composed of the following individuals (resumes are provided in I

Appendix C):

e Charles H. Cruse - Project Manager e Michael C. Canova - Project Director p e Thomas E. Meyers - Senior Instrumentation and Controls Engineer

[ e Kenneth G. Tietjen - Senior Reactor Operator.

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3.0 DOCUMENTATION AND DOCUMENT CONTROL 3.1 Introduction Three types of documentation were used or developed during the review. These were: (1) reference documentation, (2) data collection and HED documentation, and (3) DCRDR findings and reports. The major document control process concerned the HED documentation and the DCRDR findings and reports.

3.2 Reference Documentation A project library was established with reference documents to support the DCRDR tasks. This library contains:

• Licensee Event Repcrts

• F56Rs e Tecr.nical specifications and system descriptions e P&lDr e Floor plans e Panel drawings and photographs e Sof tware descriptions e Procedures e Samples of computer printouts e Various NRC and industry documents concerned with CR design (1580,0660,IEEE specifications and standards, HF texts, etc.).

I 3J Data Collection and HED Documentation 3J.1 Data Collection Documentation A record of each data collection task was made on specially-designed data collection forms. For detailed data collection, a set of component-level checklists was d;veloped. Each checklist contained all relevant guideline items pertaining to a class of components. Each component in the CR was identified on an appropriate checklist form and its compliance or noncompliance noted for each pertinent guideline.

Surveys were conducted using survey questionnaires which guided the researcher in collecting and recording appropriate information. Operator interviews were conducted using a questionnaire. The responses of each operator, trainee, and shift supervisor were rscorded on individual forms.

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3.3.2 HED Reports Each HED report form contains the following information (see Figure 3): 4 e Component type e Specific nomenclature of all panel components or other equipment in violation e Location of components e Reference number of the guideline violated e Description of the human factors problem o Potential operator errors e Suggested backfit(s) e Review informatioc, including disposition.

3.4 DCRDR Finding.e ed Report 3.4d Hurnan Engineering fivalriz.tlo.i Reports (HEERs)

Summaries of the evaluation activities and the llEDs for every component on the control rooni panel were develeped. These summaries, called Human Engineering Evafuation Reports (HEERs), contain the tallowing information (see Figure 4):

o Panel / work station e Unique location code e System relationship e Component function and use o Component type and characteristics e Exact component nomenclature and system information e Data collection methods relevant to the particular component l e Record of all HEDs pertaining to the component, including specific HED numbers.

3.4.2 Task Reports For each task described in Section 4.0 a separate task report was generated which detailed the following:

e Objectives of the task plan e The actual data collection and analysis methods employed e The criteria (guidelines) implemented e Summary of findings, including positive design features as well as discrepancies and recommendations.

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3.4.3 DCRDR Report This final project report was prepared at the conclusion of the evaluation effort. It contains a description of the review process and sets forth the review findings and recommendations. An outline of major report sections and their contents follows:

e Executive Summary e Introduction background, objectives, and scope e Approach data collection and reduction methodology data storage and retrieval systems e Operating Experience Review

- operater repertr.

- LER review o Control Panel Operaisility Task Analysis a A! arm Annunciator Design Review e Surveys work space arrangement furniahings

- lighting and noise

- operator-computer interface

- protective equipment e Special Projects

- options for control improvement

- reviews of miniature annunciator readability and configuration

- mockup of panel ICl3

- CR labeling study

- mirror-imaging studies HF reviews of proposed panel redesigns

- HF review of proposed shutdown panel design e References e Appendices

- HED status report

- data collection forms for surveys conducted.

3.4.4 HED Status Record As discrepancies were identified HED reports were written detailing each discrepancy and recommendations for improvement. As required, Essex and BG&E representatives on the HED review committee met to review all of the HEDs as they were identified. To document the progress of HEDs from generation to final disposition, an HED status record was kept. The following information was entered in this record for cach HED (see Figure 5):

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This document allowed easy access to information concerning the status and history of HEDs. In addition, it served as an index to more detailed technical information contained within DCRDR files.

3.5 Documentation Control Process 3.5.1 General Each step in the review process from initial data collection to final reporting was documented. The general flow of information and documentation is illustrated in Figure 6. Files were established for the storage of collected data, HED reports, HEERs, Task Reports, and the DCRDR report. Appropriate document logs and document numbering schemes were initiated to establish retrieval and audit capabilities.

3.5.2 Reference Documents Reference documents were periodically updated and revised as required during the review. The Human Engineering Program Directcr was responsible for ensuring that new and changed technical information was incorporated into the library and that appropriate team members were informed of such changes.

3.5.3 Data Collection and HED Documentation Component and survey criteria were arranged on checklists and in survey question-naires. All raw data of this type were reviewed; discrepancies were recorded in HED reports. The data were then filed for future reference.

HED reports were numbered and a review log generated for recordkeeping purposes.

HED reports are retained in an HED report section of the DCRDR files.

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l 3.5.4 DCRDR Findings and Reports A separate file was established for the HEERs. HEERs were coded and filed for ready access to any given CR panel component record.

Task reports, as generated, were filed in the DCRDR report file. Once the review was completed, these task reports were incorporated into the DCRDR final report.

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c 4.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH 4.1 Introduction The technical approach to the Calvert Cliffs DCRDR consisted of two basic steps:

data collection and data reduction. Data collection was accomplished by selecting and cpplying methodologies that compared features of the control room design with principles cf human factors engineering as set forth in NUREG/CR-1580," Human Engineering Guide to Control Room Evaluation." Data reduction involved: (a) identifying potential errors tssociated with design features found to be at variance with the criteria in NUREG/

CR-1580, (b) assessing the magnitude of the effect of these errors, and (c) recommending corrective actions. A number of special studies and evaluations of proposed design changer were also performed. Data collection ar.d reduction was wganized into the following processes:

o Procedural walk-throughs e Task analysis e Operator interviews e Annunciator system review (which drew upon several data collection methodologies) e Human factors engineering checklists e Control room surveys e Special studies.

Subsequent paragraphs describe the data collection and data reduction procedures used throughout this review.

4.2 Procedural Walk-Throughs The following procedures were video taped at the Unit 1-specific simulator at the Combustion Engineering facility in Windsor, Connecticut:

e EOP-1 Reactor Trip o EOP-2 Loss of Load e EOP-3 Loss of Feedwater o EOP-4 Steam Line Rupture o EOP-5 Loss of Reactor Coolant e EOP-6 Steam Generator Tube Rupture 20

e EOP-ll CEA Malfunction e EOP-12 Loss of Reactor Coolant Flow e EOP-14 Loss of Instrument Air e EOP-15 Loss of AC Power e AOP-8 Excessive Reactor Coolant Leakage e Startup e Shutdown.

The videotapes were reviewed by members of the Human Factors / Operating Support Group to identify any potential problems in the design and/or operation of the control room. Potential problem areas were documented for further study during the appropriate evaluation activities.

4.3 Task Analysis 4.3.1 Introduction The task avlysis conducted for BG&ii was a systematic and detailed examination of the sequence of operations performed by a control room operator when abnorrnal and emergency conoitions exist in the plant.

A distinction was made between the descriptive and analytical phases of a task analysis. The descriptive phase identified what was to be accomplished in operational terms. This phase focused on the physical process, specifying such aspects as the cues or stimuli which an operator perceives in the task environment and the responses which are made. The descriptive phase also identified critical operator behaviors and the CR instruments involved. The analytical phase identified equipment and behavioral implica-tions from the description.

4.3.2 Procedures The task analysis descriptive data, the associated video taped walk-through data, and the subsequent talk-through interviews of each emergency procedure were used to identify operational characteristics inherent in the overall design which affect operator performance and, therefore, system reliability. The following operational characteristics were considered for each task:

e Time to perform control response time requirements

- display information response time requirements response time requirements for events 21

o Perceptual / discrimination information

- quantity

- perceptual / discrimination requirements

- memory requirements e Control capability manipulations required

- force required

- sequential operation requirements e Task loading

- task duration

- frequency of task performance '

- information feedback accuracy requirements

- effect of error criticality / probability on task performance

- concurrent multitask requirements e Demands on operator capabilities

- sensory

- motor

- perceptual cognitive /decisionmaking

- attention

-- communication

- conditioning e Impact on performance of psychophysiological states

- stress _.

fatigue

- boredom biological cycles .

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e Identification of personnel hazards ,

temperature, humidity, noise - '

safety e Panel arrangement patterning of controls and displays e Frequency / criticality of components and operations.

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recorded on a task analysis form. This form was'used to identify the following aspects for cach task:

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e Potential errors and their impact.

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] ' ' forfeach procedere, were campared with the video taped walk-throughs and the CR talk-s throughs in order to determine,the adequacy of control panel designs to support necessary Noperator tasky.

'- The anitysis of the' tasks involved: (a) identifying demands imposed in each task and (b) reporting aspects of the design which potentially precluded or irnpaired the operator's I ebility to successfully accomplish each task. ,

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As users of the system under revie.w, control room operators provided a unique

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- system interface. Through interviews with the operators, the human factors researcher

. gained familiarity with the control rocm and acquired inferrnation concerning operability

. proble~ms. The objectives of the operator interviews were to identify the following:

1 e Most frequently used controls ar.d displays and their location e . Most frequently monitored systems i e Most frequently.used control panel segments o Procedures'that we're difficult to execute o - Ambiguous labeling

- ,e; Confusing control / display relationships e Most critical systems and procedures

'Qe Operational problems encountered by the control room operators 4 e Strengths in control room design o Recommendations for improved operability.

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s ' These7 objectives were accomplished by using the Essex-developed nuclear power

. plant; control room operator questionnaire. Human engineering problems were reported as

' "llEDs. '

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4.4.2 Procedu e The operator interviews were conducted in three steps. Initially, operators were briefed on the purpose of the CR evaluation and on the importance of receiving their input as system users and experts. Operators were briefed in groups of ten; each I operator, assured of anonymity, received a copy of the Human Engineering Questionnaire, which they were inen asked to read and complete. A human factors researcher then ,

returned for private, one-on-one interview sessions.

During the private interview sessions, the operators' responses were revieweo. \

Questions considered ambiguous were then explained and further responses recorded.

Operators were asked to point out controls or displays considered to be potential _

problems.

4.5 Annunciator System Review A survey was performed which evaluated the following characteristics of the annunciator warning system:

e Overall system function e Adequacy of audible alarms e Tile readability e Tile message comprehensibility e Message standardization e Tile grouping e Response station location and design.

4.6 Human Factors Engineering Checklists Checklists were used to evaluate items in the control room at the system and component level. These checklists were constructed by extracting criteria statements from NilREG/CR-1580 and categorizing each by topic (e.g., Visual Displays). Each component (control or display) was evaluated for compliance with criteria contained in f

the appropriate checklist; cases of noncompliance were noted. The 28 different cate-gories of checklists used for the CR evaluation are listed below:

v)

O,a e CR Environment e Simple Indicators e CR Workspace Arrangement e Legend Lights e Mimic Lines e Projection Displays -

e Procedures Documents e Vertical / Horizontal Meters a Communications e Circular Meters 24 i -

f e Labels e Trend Recorders e Rotary Selector Switches e Computers e Levers e Computers - General e Toggle Switches e Computer - Keyboard e Pushbuttons e Computer - Printer e Legend Pushbuttons e Computer - Display e Other Switches e Computer - CRT e Counters e Computer Function Switches e Process Controllers e Annunciator & Warning System Each checklist was divided into three sections: " typical," " sample," and "each component." For the " typical" section, one component was evaluated for all identical component types. Typical item checklists contained criteria which could be measured once, such as handle dimensions for a particular type of pistol-grip controller. For the

" sample" section, one component was evaluated from each variation of a component type.

Sample item checklists contained criteria which were applied to a sampling of similar components. For instance, ease of operation of a particular model of controller might be tested on several representative components. The "each component" section was the largest section. Here criteria were applied on a component-by-component basis with each component in a class compared to all relevant criteria on a point-by-point basis.

4.7 Control Room Surveys 4.7.1 Introduction A survey approach was used to collect all data of a general nature or data that could be collected by observations or measurements. The criteria used were based on human engineering principles and requirements cited in the Human Engineering Requirements Specifications and NUREG/CR-1580, " Human Engineering Guide to Control Room Evaluation." The surveys provided information on control room habitability as well as operator interfaces other than the control panel itself. The specific surveys and activities performed were:

o Control Room Workspace Arrangement e Control Room Furnishings e Control Rocm Illumination e Noise in Control Room Communications 25

e Operator-Computer Interface e Operator Protective Equipment.

4.7.2 Control Room Workspace Arrangement Survey General characteristics of the control room were evaluated, such as the layout of controls and displays on control panels, the accessibility of protective equipment, and the location and design of furnishings.

4.7.3 Control Room Furnishings Survey Consideration of control room furnishings took into account workshift, paperwork, and operational requirements. Furnishings in the control room were checked for conformance to the anthropometric requirements of the 5th percentile female through the 95th percentile male and included assensment of the furnishings for safety, operability, maintainability, and aesthetic requirements. Selected physical dimensions of the following furnishings were measured and recorded:

e Desks / tables e Chairs e Bookshelves / filing cabinets e Storage cabinets e Floor coverings e Trash baskets e Ashtrays e Carts e Bulletin boards e Ladders.

4.7.4 Control Room Illumination Survey The illumination survey was conducted to measure the adequacy of CR lighting under normal and emergency lighting conditions. Illumination levels for normal and cmergency lighting for both units were measured at critical panels under simulated

) emergency lighting conditions. Ambient lighting for normal conditions was measured at all control panels. For benchboard panels, each segment of the panel was measured cxcept the top portion, or annunciator section. For vertical panels, one reading was taken on the panel surface approximately 5'3" from the floor. A total of 97 independent readings were taken under normal lighting conditions.

26

Light- measurements were recorded in foot-candles (fC) on an ambient lighting survey form. The collected data were compared to the criteria contained in NUREG-0700, pages 6.1-46 to 6.1-49.

4.7.5 Noise in Control Room Communications 4.7.5.1 Introduction - A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of noise on communications and auditory monitoring in the control room. During emergency operations, clearly audible communications and alarms are of increased importance.

Therefore, it becomes necessary to assess noise levels and communications in terms of potential critic; ' situations. Two categories of auditory tasks were evaluated in the control room: voice communications and auditory monitoring of signals. Voice communi-cations included interoperator conversation within the control room, telephone communi-cations on any number of lines, and P.A. Intercom messages. Alarms and signals constituted the other stimuli for auditory monitoring. These included audible annuncia-tors for each of the two units, fire and emergency alarms which may accompany annunciators, telephone bells for several telephones, an hourly buzzer, and the plant cmergency alarm generated over the P.A. system.

4.7.5.2 Procedures - A sound level meter and analyzer were used to measure CR noise levels. Measurements were taken for flat, A, and C weighted dB levels. Meter readings were made in either the slow response setting or the peak / maximum setting, whichever was appropriate for the sounds being measured. Measurements were made during both day shif t and second shif t operations.

The apparatus was set up on a tripod, with the microphone at average ear level.

Nine operator work stations were chosen for survey sites. Direction of the microphone was determined by the acoustical characteristics of the test site. The omnidirectional positioning, with the microphone straight up (vertical), was adequate for all measurements due to the microphone's response characteristics. Measurements were made towards panels, where possible, to test for any influence of reflective surfaces on the sound pressure level.

9 4.7.6 Operator-Computer Interface The interface between operator and computer was evaluated for the CCNPP control room. Various elements of the control room computer system were evaluated, such as 1

k:yboards, printers, CRTs, displays, computer function switch terminals, and system operational characteristics. Major emphasis was placed on reviewing the following:

27

e Physical design of CRTs, keyboards, and switch terminals e Message or information organization displayed by printers and CRTs e Location of the CRTs for visibility and readability.

4.7.7 Operator Protective Equipment The evaluation of the protective equipment involved two separate analyses: a video taped walk-through of a control room contamination drill, and a questionnaire survey for operator protective equipment. For the first analysis, a walk-through was conducted at the Calvert Cliffs Unit 1 plant-specific simulator. This facility is operated by Combustion Engineering in Windsor, Connecticut. Observations were made of two operators donning protective equipment in response to a CR contamination alarm and their subsequent actions during a simulated walk-through of an EOP. The procedure was recorded on video tape for later review and analysis. For the second analysis, a questionnaire was distributed to 35 control room operators to gather information relating to the availability and usability of the protective equipment. The responses were sum-marized, and the results from both analyses were compared to the criteria in NUREG-0700, pages 6.1-40 to 6.1-42.

4.8 Special Studies 4.8.1 Inadvertent Operation of Identical Switches Four sets of identical switches (two sets on each unit) had previously been identified as having resulted in a reportable event due to inadvertent operation. Various redesign options for these controls - the containment sump discharge valve and the refueling water tank discharge valve - were developed, and their comparative human factors cngineering benefits and/or drawbacks were rated.

4.E.2 Readability of Miniature Annunciators A special study concerning the readability of miniature annunciator windows was conducted. An initial, analytical study using existing readability data and criteria was

? conducted with a follow-up, empirical study. Viewing distances at 90 degrees (perpen-t dicular) and at 30 degrees (off perpendicular) to the windows were determined and recommendations made.

28

4.8.3 Association of Summary Annunciators to Miniature Annunciators Miniature annunciator readability (from the previous study) was reviewed for the purpose of possibly augmenting summary information contained in the standard annunci-ator panels. A study was conducted to determine the most feasible method of associating summary annunciators with the appropriate group of miniature windows. A method of visually relating summary annunciators in the matrix-style annunciator panel was developed.

4.8.4 Development of Demarcation and Labeling Enhancements for Panel ICl3 Full-scale photographic mockups of the part of the service water system and the miscellaneous station services on panel ICl3 were used to develop optimum demarcation, labeling, and mimic applications for this panel. Component color coding, system demarcation, and system mimics were developed. Summary labels, standardized label language, and meter range coding were also evaluated. A final configuration was produced on a mockup using the developed enhancements.

4.8.5 Control Room Labeling A standard dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms was developed for the CCNPP.

A survey identified all abbreviations and acronyms used in annunciator legends, panel labels, procedures, and cor. ) uter printouts. Preliminary abbreviation and acronym lists were reviewed, ambiguities and conflicts eliminated, and a final version of the dictionary was developed for use in standardizing subsequent label development.

4.8.6 Mirror Image Evaluation The effect of mirror-imaging was evaluated primarily by reviewing existing litera-ture for the known effects of mirror-imaging on operator performance. Analysts then developed a definitive set of criteria establishing the effect on transfer of training for different relationships of simple stimulus-response characteristics. As an example, where a control / display relationship was established such that only the controls were mirror-imaged, this was classed as a response-opposite and stimulus-identical type of layout. All

> categories of stimuli and their related responses we're classified either as identical, similar, neutral, or opposite. A matrix was constructed, each of whose cells indicated the expected effect upon training transfer. The various mirror-imaging aspects of the CCNPP units were then reviewed for negative probable effects; recommendations were made for possible corrective actions.

29

4.8.7 HF Review of a Proposed Auxiliary Feedwater System Panel (Panels ICO3 and IC04)

Panel layout criteria from NUREG/CR-1580 and other human engineering references were used to review the proposed auxiliary feedwater system panel layout.

Recommendations were made concerning coding of mimic lines, incorporation of LED indicators and possible rearrangement of components.

4.8.8 HF Review of a Proposed Shutdown Panel Panel layout criteria described above were used to evaluate the proposed shutdown panel design. All panel features such as component arrangement, labeling, demarcations, and mimics were reviewed in terms of existing conventions used on the main control board and as specified in the criteria.

b 30

5.0 ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION Once an HED was identified, it was reviewed and its disposition determined. This phase of the DCRDR included the assessment of potential for error inducement, determination of the consequences of such errors for the system, and documentation of the means by which HEDs would be disposed (redesign, additional job performance aids, ctc.). The assessment phase, in essence, enabled the scheduling of backfits as a function of the potential consequences of the HED. The disposition identified the means by which an HED would be corrected or improved. Assessment was initially dissociated from disposition in terms of selection of backfits; however, HED disposition affected scheduling of backfits due to availability of materials, extent of engineering redesign, and so forth.

Also, candidate backfits underwent subsequent reassessment to ensure that HEDs were adequately addressed.

5.1 Assessment The basic assessment process was divided into three steps as follows:

e Assess extent of deviation from 1580 guidelines e Assess discrepancy impact on operations e Assess potential consequences of error occurrence.

3.1.1 Assess Extent of Deviation from 1580 Guidelines This step required that subjective assessment of the extent of a discrepancy's deviation from 1580 guidelines. For example, symbol / background contrast might be 40 percent, rather than 50 percent, or, a display might suffer slight parallax. Judgments were made based on the content of the guideline being applied and the CR component under assessment. For each judgment, the extent of deviation was not directly used to assess priority or determine the scheduling of backfits. Rather, the extent of delvation was used in assessing the potential for operational error. It was possible to have little deviation from the guidelines and high error assessments, or vice versa.

5.1.2 Assess Discrepancy Impact on Operations Estimates were made as to the probable increase of error probability associated with the discrepancy. This was accomplished through reviews and discussions with 31

sperations and human factors specialists.- Estimates were reached by consideration of the following:

e Body physiology

- fatigue / physical stress

- discomfort

- injury

- anthropometry e Sensory / perceptual performance

- vision

- audition

- propioception

- touch e Information processing

- overload

- confusion

- recall

- pattern matching / recognition

- data manipulation (comparing, extrapolating, etc.)

e Learning

- inhibition

- habituation

- response predominance

- transfer

- response competition

- -response latency e Task Demands

- frequency

- duration

- competition

- sequence

- speed

- communication

- precision information.-

Assessment of error occurrence was estimated for the following:

e Overall operator performance is/is not degraded by HED impact on body physiology.

o HED does/does not degrade sensory performance.

e Information processing capability is/is not exceeded via the HED.

e The HED does/does not induce direct error due to principles of learning._

e - Task difficulty and reliability is/is not affected by the HED.

32

l 5.1.3 Assess Potential Consequences of Error Occurrence Review team technical staff and operations representatives evaluated system consequences of hypothesized operational errors. Four determinations are required:

1. Does the HED relate to plant safety functions?

2. Does the HED relate to plant functions required to mitigate the consequences of an accident?

3. Could an error lead to unsafe operations or plant conditions?

4. Could an error lead to violations of technical specifications?

Once classified ,as to its relative importance, each HED was evaluated for correction by enhancement, by design change, or by other means such as training.

5.2 Implementation Changes to the design of licensed nuclear power plants are permitted under 10CFR 50.59 without prior approval provided the changes do not require a change in Technical Specifications and do not constitute or create an unreviewed safety question.

Maintenance Requests (MRs) are initiated at Calvert Cliffs; control of these MRs is administered through the procedures contained in the Calvert Cliffs Instructions (CCIs).

Human Engineering Discrepancy (HED) modifications which do not constitute formal design changes, such as enhancement additions or label changes are controlled by initiation of an MR. The operations (SRO) member of the HED review committee is responsible for initiating MRs to resolve outstanding issues in this area. Field Change Requests (FCRs) are initiated at Calvert Cliffs to control design changes or additions.

The design process itself is controlled by the Responsible Design Organization, Electric Engineering Department. The Electric Engineering Department members of the HED review committee are responsible for assuring that FCRs to resolve outstanding issues are implemented in accordance with approved recommendations.

Figure 7 is a flow chart of the review, assessment, and implementation process for HEDs. Procedures for both departments are required and audited by the BG&E overall Quality Assurance Program for compliance with 10CFR 50 Appendix B.

5.3 Verification and Validation With the aid of HFE specialists, verification of the adequacy of backfit recom-mendations was performed during committee review and the most desirable backfit alternatives were identified. This, however, constituted a preimplementation verification 33

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NED BENTNIED l'

ESSEX: GENERATE

FORM, PICTURE AND RECOMMENDATIONS BG&E MEMBERS FOR If

, TECHNICAL + NED REVIEW NESEARCH COMMITTEE GENERATE FOR 50 -

POSITION STATEMENT DISPOSITION ACTION APVL BY CHAIRMAN FURTHER _

If REVIEW REQUIRED NO

/

/ OESIGN YES  ;

CHANGE 1r 7 1r PREPARE PREPARE MR FORMS -

FCR FORMS NOLD (CCl 200GI (CCI126)  % SIMILAR dL EEDP 2 NED'S FOR SINGLE FCR U U PRESENT TO PLANT FURTHER OPERAfl0NS AND SAFETY REVIEW REVIEW COMMITTEE (POSRC)

REQUIRED FCR APPROVAL i7 Y h Y WO TO ENGINEERING

" I FOR DESIGN ACTION

u GENERATE U NPD RESPONSMLE PO$lTION  : ENGINEER (REl FOR STATEMENT A

PD.PMDs COMMENT 1 WORK PACKAGE D D~

OEVELOPMENT OR /

L'P WPD U POSRC p q, y APPROVAL PMO NPD EED MODS MOOS COMP, PROCURE PROCURE PROCURE MATERIALS

,, MATERIALS MATERIALS h l' h BG4E COMPLETE MODWICATIONS

( 1r NOTWICATION

, OF COMPLETION ICCl125)

+

lHED FILE FIGURE 7. CONTROL ROOM DESIGN REVIEW HUMAN ENGINEERING DISCREPANCY (NED) REVIEWlAPPROVAL AND MODIFICATl0NS IMPLEMENTATIONS PROCEDURE 34

and as such is recognized as sufficient only for closeout of this initial control room review effort. It was expected that the implementation phase would extend beyond the study effort due to the inherent delays associated with refueling outages. Therefore, post-

-implementation verification will be conducted to assure that the changes meet the intent of the discrepancy correction recommendations. Where applicable and appropriate, validation steps also will be conducted. These activities are necessary for a compre-hensive human factors program and will be included within the scope of the administratively-controlled design process of the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company.

5.4 Negative Transfer of Training To reduce initial negative effects of HED-generated design changes and normally identified design changes upon operators, appropriate instruction will be provided within the training program for all affected operations personnel.

35

APPENDIX A HUMAN FACTORS EVALUATION GROUP RESUMES l

KENNETH M. MALLORY,3R.

EDUCATION:

M.S. - Experimental Psychology, Tuf ts University B.S. - Experimental Psychology and Mathematics, Lynchburg College Intensive course in computer programming and analysis (Assembly language and FORTRAN)

EXPERIENCE: j l September 1978- ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia )

Director, Essex Energy Programs - Plan and manage Essex projects aimed at the design development, test and evaluation of control rooms for nuclear power plants, and projects to develop i

standards and criteria for control room man / system interfaces. ,

Directed an assessment of management factors involved in the I design and operation of TMI-2. l Staff Scientist - Human Factors Engineering planning and management. Responsible for the design and development of procedures and documentation; for evaluation and specification of spacecraft habitability; and for operator integration into complex man / computer systems.

July 1974- KENNETH MALLORY AND ASSOCIATES,INC.

September 1978 )

President - Worked on documentation and program planning /

implementation activities 1 Procedures and Prepared user documentation to support NASA's Life Sciences Documentation program. Included were TECHNICAL AND PLANNING GUIDES l used by several thousand life scientists; experiment procurement documents; JOB PERFORMANCE AIDS (JPAs) used to operate Life Sciences data retrieval systems; QUESTIONNAIRES sent to scientists and used by NASA to plan its Life Sciences Program; QUESTIONNAIRES used to collect data on Flight Experiment hardware and vehicle requirements, NEWSLETTER reports published periodically to inform the Life Sciences community on the status of NASA's Life Sciences Program.

Also developed a two volume, fully human engineered QUESTIONNAIRE for General Dynamics /Convair. This question-naire collected information on engineering requirements for the Space Shuttle and Spacelab.

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Developed a set of HUMAN ENGINEERING GUIDELINES for documentation design, based on a thorough search of relevant literature.

Developed and automated a 2000-citation Life Sciences BIBLIOGRAPHY cross-referenced and printed in 88 discipline categories. Report format was human engineered.

Program Designed, specified, tested and used procedures and SOFTWARE Planning to evaluate the suggestions made by several thousand scientists concerning the objectives and implementation of NASA's Life Science Program.

Developed a Monte Carlo MODEL for optimizing the assignment of experiments to several Shuttle /Spacelab missions.

Designed, specified, tested and'used SOFTWARE to synthesize free-form text descriptions of 2500 suggested experiment objectives into 27 scientific objectives.

Developed MANAGEMENT PLANS for the Life Sciences Flight Experiment Program. Plans covered all phases (planning to post-flight) and all three Life Sciences centers and headquarters; responsibilities were allocated to activities; preliminary schedules were outlined; documentation requirements were iden-tified.

Hardware Assisted NASA / Headquarters personnel in a critical evaluation of HUMAN ENGINEERING STANDARDS to be applied to manned spamcraf t and ground eqtupment design.

Designed, developed and fabricated a voice recorder CONTROL PANEL for use by a QUADRAPLEGIC. Project involved a complete static / dynamic anthropometric work-up, selection of i control surfaces and selection of off-the-shelf hardware that l could be operated by chin or shoulder.

1 May 1967- URS/ MATRIX CO.

July 1974 President (1971-1974)

Director, Huntsville Division (1967-1968,1969-1971)

Staff Scientist (1968-1969)

, Procedures and Directed the development of CREW PROCEDURES and 30B l Documentation PERFORMANCE AIDS for operation of Skylab's solar observ-atory.

i and JOB Directed the development of PROCEDURES i

PERFORMANCE AIDS for Skylab EVA operations.

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Participated in the development of NASA HUMAN ENGI-NEERING STANDARDS.

Developed a USER-ORIENTED PROCEDURE for selecting optimum extravehicular systems for spacecraft. ,

Systems Applied modified bELPHI TECHNIQUE in the selection of the Development final configuration of Skylab's Apollo telescope Mount Control Console.

Participated in design of SIMULATOR for training of MOTOR-CYCLE OPERATIONS.

4 Managed design of CREW STATION for manned remote manipu-lator system.

Participated in the design and managed the development of a 6 d.f. HANDCONTROLLER suitable for a variety of manual con-trol applications.

Participated in design of general purpose EVA WORKSTATION for the Shuttle space vehicle.

Managed the man / systems design and CREW FAMILIARIZATION of Skylab's Apollo Telescope Mount Control Panel.

Designed and managed design activities on several Skylab EVA

WORKSITES.

Developed MODELS for semi-automatic reduction of video tape data on human performance and reliability.

System Testing Developed and managed implementation of technique for IDEN-and Evaluation TIFYING CONTROL PANEL DESIGN DEFICIENCIES through analysis of operational telemetry data.

Participated in and directed development of DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE to locate man / equipment interface deficiencies.

Planned and directed FUNCTIONAL AND TASK ANALYSES on spacecraft man-in-the-loop control system. Verification of design through computer-based visual / kinematic and zero-gravity simulation.

Performed data reduction and STATISTICAL ANALYSES on man-in-the-loop simulation results.

Developed flight experiments, using noninterference testing

techniques, to QUANTIFY CREW WORK PERFORMANCE in zero and partial gravity environments.

i 4

i l

I Developed TAXONOMY for relating human performance to tasks and task environments. )

Participated as EXPERIMENTER and TEST MONITOR in human ,

performance tests in the hardware development phase of the  !

Skylab Program.

Designed and managed development of an automatic in-vehicle 1 system to COLLECT VIDEO DATA ON DRIVER PERFORM- l ANCE and the causes of traffic accidents.

1 Participated in design and managed developmental testing of a complete video system for the collection of IN-SITU HUMAN PERFORMANCE data (SPACELAB). .

Managed the design of a full-scale simulation of Skylab extrave-hicular solar environment. Later used simulator to EVALUATE EQUIPMENT DESIGN and verify procedures.

Design neutral buoyancy simulation of intravehicular cargo transfer on Skylab. Results closely approximated transit times and rates on board the spacecraf t.  !

Safety Developed and implemented program to provide OCCU-PATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SURVEYS to small business enterprises.

Provided Occupational Safety and Health CONSULTING SERVICES to architectural and engineering activities.

Developed a comprehensive SAFETY AND HEALTH LIBRARY with associated information retrieval system.

Managed program to MINIMlZE HAZARDS in Skylab extrave-hicular activities.

Implemented program for TRAINING ENGINEERS in occu-pational safety and health.

Performed an analysis of the EFFECTIVENESS of the Occu-1 pational Safety and Health Administration through April 1974.

Program Planning Participated in the application of a LATTICE TECHNIQUE to the development of research objectives for NASA's Office of Life Sciences.

i Participated with A&E firms in the application of human and system engineering techniques to HEALTH CARE facility master planning.

Participated in the development of a MODEL to assess the costs of including EVA on Space Shuttle missions.

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Managed effort to DEFINE THE SKILLS which must be provided by crews of future space vehicles.

Participated with A&E firms to INTEGRATE HUMAN ENGI-NEERING into planning and design.

June 1965- GENERAL DYNAMICS / ELECTRIC BOAT DIVISION May 1967 Human Engineer - Developed analytical man-computer MODELS and DISPLAY INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES to be used in submarine control systems having ten years' lead time.

Proposed and developed prototype of a REAL-TIME MAN /

COMPUTER INDUCTIVE REASONING SYSTEM for use in submarine attack control systems.

Designed and monitored development of 3-D TV SYSTEM for use j with underwater remote manipulators. '

Provided MATHEMATICS SUPPORT to submarine training simu-lator development (analog computer).

Participated in series of experiments on DECISION MAKING l STRATEGIES in anti-submarine warfare.

March 1963- AVCO/ RAD June 1965 Human Engineer - Designed and verified an automated (fault tree) method for ASSIGNING RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS TO HUMAN OPERATORS in re-entry vehicle systems.

Participated in the implementation of a HUMAN ERROR I REDUCTION PROGRAM for re-entry vehicle assembly, mainte-nance and test operations. l l

Designed a series of experiments aimed at QUANTIFYING HUMAN RELIABILITY, including: readying the connector pins; mating of connectors in close quarters; digital to binary trans-lation; localization of a low-light-level beacon.

Participated in evaluation and re-design of GROUND TEST EQUIPMENT (large scale and multi-man).

Evaluated use of switch setting checks as a means to IMPROVE '

HUMAN RELIABILITY.

August 1962- PHILCO CO.

Computer Programmer / Analyst - Developed computer programs (Assembly language) for the STATISTICAL REDUCTION of SAGE radar data.

1 1

I

Designed and programmed a DIGITAL SIMULATION of a biological organism responding to the hunger drive.

PUBLICATIONS & PRESENTATIONS

" Human Factors Evaluation of Control Room Desi gn and Operator Performance at Three Mile Island." NRC-04-79-209, December 1979. Co-authored by Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., Eike, D.R., Johnson, 3.H., and Walker, R.W.

" Life Sciences Status Report - No. 8." To NASA / Headquarters, Washington, D.C.,

July 1979.

" Program Requirements Document - Organization and Management of the (NASA)

Life Sciences Flight Experiments Program." (Draft). To NASA /

j Headquarters, Washington, D.C., October 1978.

" Specialized Life Sciences Bibliographies." Fifteen reports prepared for NASA /

Headquarters, Washington, D.C., July 1978.

" Life Sciences in the Shuttle Era." 78-ENAs-34 Co-authored with Dr. Stanley Deutsch/ NASA,197L

" Space Shuttle Payload Requirements Questionnaire." (Draft) Vol.1 & 2. To General Dynamics /Convair, San Diego, CA, February 1978.

" Life Sciences Guide to Space Shuttle and Spacelab." (Draft). To NASA /

. Headquarters, Washington, D.C., March 1977.

" Fact Sheet for Proposed Life Sciences Flight Experiments." (Draft). To NASA / Headquarters, Washmgton, D.C., March 1978.

" Guide to the Preparation of Life Sciences Flight Experiment Proposals." (Draft).

To NASA / Headquarters, Washington, D.C., March 1978.

" Planning for Life Sciences Research in Space." 76-ENAs-52 Co-authored with Dr.

Stanley Deutsch/ NASA.

"An Operations Research Approach to Assigning Flight Experiments to Life Sciences Missions." To NASA / Headquarters, Washington, D.C., July 1976.

" Achievements and Forecasts for Human Factors in Manned Spaceflight." 1975 Human factors Annual Meeting. Co-authored with Dr. Stanley Deutsch/

NASA.

" OSHA - Will it Work?", presentation to New York Academy of Sciences, New York, April 10,1974.

"The Role of the Human Factors Company in Consumer Product Safety" workshop at the 17th annual meeting of the Human Factors Society, October 16-18, 1973.

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"An Artificial Gravity Performance Assessment Experiment," presentation to AIAA Weightlessness and Artificial Gravity Meeting, Williamsburg, VA, August 9-11,1971.

- Selection of Systems to Perform Extravehicular Activity, Final Report on Contract NAS8-24834, April 27,1970.

Application of Teleoperators to EVA Tasks, Honorarium at the University of Michigan, October 1970.

" Man vs. Manipulator," presentation given to NASA Committee on EVA, Washington, D.C., April 1970.

Serpentine Actuator Man / System Feasibility Analysis Report, Technical Report to Brown Engineering Co., November 1967. ,

Man / Systems Feasibility of Using the Serpentine Actuator in AAP-4, Final Report, task under NAS8-20073, December 1967.

" Concept Identification - A Critical Comparison of Rote Learning and Inductive Reasoning," presented at the Eastern Psychological Association, March 1967.

Apollo Telescope Mount Dynamic Crew Procedures Demonstration, NASA MSFC Report 10M33202, September 1%8.

Controller Comparison for the ATM Experiment Pointing Control System, NASA MSFC Report 10M33209, July 1968.

Automated Link Analysis Model, Technical Report to Brown Engineering (under NASS-20073), January 1968.

A Submarine Tactics Evaluation System, Technical Report, General Dynamics Corporation, March 1967.

Description of a Real-Time Statistical Technique to Determine Level of Training, Technical Report to Brown Engineering (under N AS8-20073), October 1967.

The Integration of Two Non-Metric Scaling Techniques, Technical Report, Tuf ts University, February 1967.

A Fault Tree Technique for Assigning Reliability Requirements to Operator Tasks, Technical Report, AVCO Corporation, August 1965.

An Experimental Assessment of Illumination Requirements for Human Operator Detection of a Blinking Light in a Low Light Level Environment, Technical Report, AVCO Corporation, February 1965.

" Experimental Comparison of Connector Coding Techniques", paper presented to i Air Force Conference on Electrical Connectors, Los Angeles, California, May 1964.

" Human Operator Connector Torqueing Capabilities", paper presented to Air Force Conference on Electrical Connectors, Los Angeles, California, May 1964.

ROBIN K. EIKE EDUCATION:

, Present M.A. - Candidate, Experimental Psychology, George Mason University 1973 B.A. - English, University of South Florida EXPERIENCE:

February 1978- ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Project Manager Directed the procedures format revision work conducted at South Carolina Electric and Gas Company's V.C. Summer Nuclear Station. Working with SCE&G, developed format and constrained language criteria and guidelines. Contract required the close coordination of the revision work with SCE&G opera-tions staff and other contractors involved in the procedures revision, verification, and validation program.

Directing the human engineering evaluation of the control room of a coal-fired power plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BG&E). Developed test and evaluation plan, and tailored methods and -instrumentation for use in a fossil fuel plant.

Directed the human engineering evaluation of BG&E's Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant control room. Developed data collection plan designed to meet review guidelines specified in NUREG/CR-1580. Supervised data collection and analysis efforts. Directed task analyses of emergency procedures to identify likely error and its impact. Assigned criticality rating to discrepancies on the basis of risk of inducing human error and reported findings. Recommended suitable backfits to enhance operator reliability, weighing impact of negative transfer of training. Conducted special studies, as required, such as reach and readability studies; annunciator configuration evaluation; and development of full-scale panel segment mockups to evaluate demarcation and labeling design.

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Research Scientist Developed user documentation (i.e., plant procedures) guidelines and methods for input to the human factors design guidebook being developed on contract to EPRI. Authored chapter on process and criteria for the integration of human factors principles into the development of emergency and operating procedures and other documentation utilized by nuclear power plant personnel.

Developed materials for use in INPO-sponsored workshop on human engineering evaluation methods for application in nuclear power plant control rooms. Conducte'd workshop session on applying checklist and survey methods.

Developed guidelines for integrating human factors criteria into

the revision of emergency operating procedures for Indian Point i

Nuclear Station Units 2 and 3. Revised procedures according to human factors principles for format, syntax and organization.

i Participated in data collection and evaluation of human engi-neering fitness review at Indian Point Units 2 and 3 nuclear power plant control rooms. Directed videotaped walk-throughs of simulations of operator performance of emergency and normal operations. Assigned c'riticality ratings to identified human engineering discrepancies.

Developed guidelines based on human engineering standards and research for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Wrote user instructions for guidelines to be used in human engineering

evaluations of operating nuclear power plant control rooms.

Constructed surveys and checklists designed to identify discre-pancies from sound human engineering practice. Developed task j analysis approach for use in identifying potential error and its impact in nuclear power plant control room operation. Validated methodology on a sample of control rooms of currently operating

. and near-term plants.

Research Associate Participated in human engineering evaluation of Three Mile Island Unit 2 Nuclear Power Plant control room for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Tasks included evalu.ation of training program, curriculum, materials and management. Task analyses of operational procedures were performed to identify learning objectives, required knowledge, and skills, and were compared to training received by TMI-2 operators. Evaluation included

. review of available. relevant standards, regulatory guides, and other documentation. Performed HF test and evaluation of

! nuclear power plant control rooms, comparing the TMI-2 design with that of other same-vintage nuclear power plant control i rooms.

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l Conducted research and review of literature to identify em-pirical data which would support update of MIL-STD-1472 in the human engineering design of control / display components. l Research Assistant Performed data gathering and evaluation, including the moni-toring of field research in driver education. Evaluated six experimental classroom treatments and the effectiveness of curriculum design, instructor presentation, materials, and ques-tionnaires in an effort to design a model Driver Improvement Program for nationwide use (DOT).

Conducted research and review of literature, writing technical reports and proposals on topics in the behavioral sciences, human factors, and related areas, including: computer-assisted instruc-tion and educational technology; integration of women into the military; HF evaluation of instrumentation, controls and dis-plays.

MEMBERSHIP:

Human Factors Society Training Group of the Human Factors Society

PUBLICATIONS:

West, R. K., O'Donoghue, T. K., Boyd, E. M., Krick, C. K., Piccione, F.,

Kane, R. M., Fleger, S. A., and Baker, C. C. Human Factors Evaluation of the Calvert Clifis Nuclear Power Plant Units 1 & 2 Control Room. Final Report (draf t), March 1981.

" State of the Art of Operating Procedures for Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms," West, Robin K., Mallory, Kenneth M., and Baker, Clifford C. Paper presented to Human Factors Society 1980 Annual Meeting, October 1980.

" Control Room Operator Training As Practiced at Three Mile Island," Malone, Thomas B. and West, Robin K. Paper presented to Human Factors Society 1980 Annual Meeting, October 1980.

. Mallory, K ., Fleger, S., Johnson, 3., Avery, L., Walker, R., Baker, C., and Malone, T. Human Engineering Guide to Control Room Evaluation.

NUREG/CR-1580, July 1980.

I 1 "Information Displays in Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms," presentation to American Society for Information Science Mid-Year Meeting, May 1980.

Coauthor of " Human Engineering of Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms," presen-tation to LIS Spring 1980 Conference.

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Malone, T. B., Kirkpatrick, M., Mallory, K. M., Eike, D. R., Johnson, 3. H., and Walker, R. W. Human Factors Evaluation of Control Room Design and Operator Performance at Three Mile Island. Final Report under Contract NRC-04-79-209, December 1979.

MISCELLANEOUS:

Completed graduate course in " Performance and Task Analysis" at Catholic University, Spring,1977.

Attended " Tutorial on Measurement of Skilled Performance for a Single Task," 5. Lippert and B. Hart, Human Factors Society Annual Meeting, October 1979.

Attended tutorial "A System Methodology for Behavioral Research," D.

Meister, Human Factors Society Annual Meeting, October 1978.

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DENISE B. McCAFFERTY EDUCATION:

1980 M.A. - Psychology, University of West Florida 1977 B.A. - Psychology, University of West Florida 1975 A.A. - Edison Community College EXPERIENCE:

1980 - ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Research Scientist - Conduct various evaluation and design projects for operating and near term operating licensed nuclear facilties. Specific activities extend to:

Review of' alarm system design for human factors concerns using criteria ' set forth in NUREG-0700, NUREG/CR-1580, ~

MIL-STD-1472C and other human engineering resources. Assess readability, maintainability functional group, control station layout and design logic, and audible characteristics.

Directed annunciator system redesign for readability via

' standardized presentation of messages. Specified character and window dimensions. Provided summary labels for annunciator groupings. Constructed prioritization scheme based on alarm importance to public and plant safety.

Based on review of current abbreviations used on panels, annunciators, control wiring diagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams and procedures, developed plant specific dictionaries of acronyms and abbreviations. These dictionaries were used for control board and annunciator relabeling.

Performed initial design for demarcation and hierachical labeling scheme for control panel.

Participated in Electric Power Research Institute's workshop for Human Factors Design in Nuclear Power Plants. Assisted nuclear power personnel in developing and applying human engineering tools to hardware design.

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4 Using in part NUREG-0899, produced Procedure Writers Guides i for Emergency and Abnormal Procedures for each of three 1

multi-unit stations. Guides addressed methods for translating technical information into a consistent, usable, accurate set of procedures. ,

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Participated in a procedure rewriting /reformating effort. This effort encompassed all emergency, off normal, system and general operating procedures for a near term operating licensed facility.

Generated detailed human engineering test plans and checklists for evaluating control room compliance with NUREG-0700 guidelines. Where necessary, step by step methodolgies were outlined for such evaluation. Produced similar materials for fossil fuel application using this and other human factors Sources.

Designed a job performance aid to be .used by nuclear power

! plant operators as an additional means of assessing plant i conditions in the event of a Safety Parameter Display System i failure. The form was set up for recording readings, monitoring j trends of major safety parameters.

Reviewed fire protection system shared by two units. Panel layout, system operability and corresponding procedure manual were accessed. Proposed a new design to meet information

, requirements of the operator.

Evaluated current and proposed design of a tw'o unit shared control room annunciator system. Documented alarm response procedure for each annunciation.' Evaluation, included prioriti- ,

zation, localization, diagnostics, coding, nuisance alarms and system logic. Also participated in redesign of window layout based on control-display-alarm arrangements.

Conducted real time walkthroughs of emergency operating actions using plant specific simulators for two utilities.

Assessed procedure effectiveness, validated and verified operator action sequences. Developed human factors guidelines for the reformating of procedures. Based on walkthrough assessment and format guideline, rewrote each set of emergency procedures.

Other projects included control board evaluations and backfits; producing detailed specifications of human engineering require-ments for controls, alarm systems, labels; and writing reports and proposals. Have conducted special studies at the request of >

clients in the areas of mirror imaging, stress and specific task degradation, job performance aids, presentation of procedures, and flow charting of procedures.

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' 1979 - 1980 NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY DETACHMENT New Orleans, Louisiana ,

1 Research Psychologist -Involved in the, formulation of experi-mental hypotheses used in the design of research. Collaborated in the creation of repeated measures studies dealing with human performance in unusual environments. Collected, analyzed and i interpreted data resulting from experimen+al studies. Assisted in the writing of papers to be submitted for publication.

Specific projects included scoring and statistical analysis of data collected from a 15-day administration of the Kit o* Factor Referenced Cognitive Tests' Hidden Words and Word Beginnings subtests, repeated administration of various ATARI video games to human subject volunteers, designing a repeated measures evaluation of well-known intelligence and aptitude tests, statis '

tical factor analysis of data collected on auditory digit span and ATARI video game tasks. _

Also administered a 15-day auditory digit span task to a group of '

volunteers. All sixty 15-minute subtests were generated and then tape-recorded. Collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance and correlation techniques and resulted in a research report. Conducted further auditory digit span tasks using the Wechsler and adaptive, staircase methods., -

1978 - 1979 NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH. LABORATORY Pensacola, Florida

' Psychological Technician - Was in charge of operation, main-tenance, and training' of personnel on the Visual Detection '

Simulator (VDS). The VDS comprised a GAT-1 trainer aircraft,

an X-Y map' plotter, a Supervisor's Console, PDP 8/e . Digital Computer, Projection System including 28 slide projectors and 14 dissolve units, and 14 contiguous screens. Minor duties ' included documenting target slides, editing the VDS manual, and drafting technical drawings. ,

1976 - 1978 EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER . .

Pensacola, Florida v Graduate Research Assistant - Work included conducting litera-' ^

ture surveys, analyzing data, bssisting in the organization and . _

development of workshops, and orienting personnel with the ERIC system. Analyzed and interpreted data on Escambia County's Residence for Youth Program, Children's ' Services  ;

Interagency Association, and Women's, Infant's and Children's, j Supplemental Feeding Program. Reviewed available Computer Managed Instruction Systems. '

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I Benel, D.C.R., McCafferty, D.B., Neal, V., & Mallory, K. Issues in the design of

- annunciator systems. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 25th Annual

( Meeting, 1981, 122-126.

l Kennedy, R.S., Bittner, A.C. 3r., Carter, R.C., Krause, M., Harbeson, M. M.,

l McCafferty, D.B., Pepper, R.L., & Wiker, S.F. Performance Evaluation Tests j ,

for Environmental Research (PETER): Collected Papers (Report Number NBDL-80R008). New Orleans, La: Naval Biodynamic Laboratory, July 1981.

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l 3 ., _ ~ McCafferty, D.B., Bittner, A.C. 3r., & Carter, R.C. Performance Evalution Tests F for Environmental Research (PETER): Auditory Digit Span Task.

l. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 24th Annual Meeting, 1980, 340-

'- 343.

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l STEPHEN ANTHONY FLEGER EDUCATION:

1980 M.A. - Industrial Psychology George Mason University, Fairf ax, Virginia 1978 B.S . - General - Experimental Psychology Virginia Polytechnic' Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia EXPERIENCE:

Aug.1979- ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Research Scientist - Most recent task involves the preparation of a program plan report which summarizes the results of a nuclear power plant control room design review performed by Essex for the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company. The report will be written to comply with the style and methodolgies described in NUREG-0700 and NUREG-0801.

Performed a human factors evaluation of a CRT display system developed by Toshiba, Inc., for the Chubu Electric Company's Hamaoka 3 Advanced ' Control Room. The analysis ir.volved a number of factors including the ease with which an operator can access task related information from the CRT system. the organization of information within a CRT page, organization among the CRT pages, and the onerators interface with the hardware.

Developed generic human engineering specifications for the CRT display system of the Hamaoka 3 advanced control room. The specifications were primarily concerned with the structure and visual organization of information presented on the CRT screen, specifically the format, layout, and coding of graphically and textually presented information.

Performed an evaluation of CRT formats developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) for an advanced control room design. Developed and applied evaluation criteria for graphic and tabular, display formats. Directed the production of the draf t final report and presented the results to MHI executives in Japan.

Provided human engineering support on Mitsubishi Heavy Indus-tries' design and development of an advanced nuclear power

d plant control room. Tasks included performing a preliminary anthropometric evaluation of the advanced control room's pri-mary console. Also, assisted in a study of Japanese control room operators to determine their response expectancies and stereo-

, types for various control-display arrangements. Additional responsibility involved writing system specifications including those for anthropometry, sit-down consoles, and control input mediums for interactive process control computers.

As part of a contract for the Electrical Power Research Institute, conducted a study to develop and evaluate symbols for use in nuclear power plant control rooms. Using the population stereotype technique, a representative sample of reactor oper-ators from across the U.S. were surveyed. Based on the results l of the survey, a candidate set of symbols were developed.

f l As project manager for a contract with the Tokyo Electric Power Company and the Japan Atomic Power Company, was i responsible for conducting a human engineering evaluation of the l Tokai-2 and Fukushima-2 Nuclear Power Plant control rooms.

The project involved evaluating the utility's improve-ment plan, conducting a human factors evaluation of identified critical controls and displays, recommending backfits, and critiquing conceptual designs for a computerized CRT safety monitor and

, supervisory console. These tasks culminated in a four-volume report which was presented to utility management during a two-week meeting in Tokyo.

. Research Associate - As part of a contract for the Baltimore <

Gas and Elactric Company, researched various Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS) design concepts proposed by several nuclear utilities. The review included an analysis of the l advantages and drawbacks inherent in each of the proposed methodologies, a recommendation for a minimum SPDS parameter set, an evaluation of a BG&E candidate SPDS display, and a human engineering note on SPDS display design evaluation.

H Worked on a contract for Nuclear Projects, Inc. to perform a human factors eva'uation of the standardized control room for l the SNUPPS nuclear power plants. As an assistant to the project i manager, was responsible for ensuring that the research effort l was conducted in a timely and efficient manner. In addition to i this coordination task, other responsibilities included data col-lection, data reduction, report writing, and results presentation.

L Participated in the Mississippi Power & Light contract to per-form a human factors evaluation of the Grand Gulf Nuclear Power Plant. Tasks involved identifying human engineering discrepancies and generating cost effective backfits based on i empW6 Ily derived human engineering principles.

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4 Assisted in the human factors evaluation of the V.C. Summer Nuclear Power Station control room. Task primarily involved data collection and reduction.

Developed a Functional Analysis and Requirements Analysis toward support of a design for a Technical Support Center for the Sacramento Municipal Utility District's Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Plant.

Assisted in and monitored the development of a guidebook for evaluating nuclear power plant control rooms. Responsibilities included researching documentation, writing evaluation criteria, and validating procedural methodology 'in nuclear power plant control rooms.

Responsible for research support of contract to update MIL-

STD-1472B, Human Engineering Design Guide for Military Sys-tems, Equipment and Facilities. Specific responsibilities involved reviewing the literature concerned with modern control display criteria; extracting information pertinent to the human engineering design aspects of the various components; identi-fying inadequacies in the content of MIL-STD-1472B; and writ-ing provisions to be included in the revised standard.

Research Assistant -In hlfillment of requirements towards graduate degree, was invo:ved in various projects at Essex: '

Knowledge of FORTRAN and PLC programming with PL-1 Joined from undergraduate experience in programming allowed me to update the FLAG system for the Naval Air Systems Command, a computer based prototype for the tracking of i aircraf t deficiency reports; assisted in the research of human I factors design problems at Three Mile Island; and conducted a literature search and wrote an annotated bib!!ography on Heli-copter Night Vision Systems for the Naval Air Development Center.

i MEMBERSHIPS, HONORS, and MISCELLANEOUS l

l Psi Chi Honor Society Human Factors Society Potomac Chapter of the Human Factors Society Computer Science Technical Group of the Human Factors Society l

l Completed a course entitled " Human Factors Engineering" given by the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan, Summer,1980. ,

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PUBLICATIONS and REPORTS Elk 2, D .R ., Malone, T.B ., Fleger, S.A., and Johnson, J.H. Human Engineering l Design Criteria For Modern Control / Display Components and Standard Parts (Technical Report RS-CR-80-1). U .S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, May,1980.

- McIlory, K., Fleger, S., Johnson, J ., Avery, L., Walker, R ., Baker, C ., and Malone, T. Human Engineering Guide To Control Room Evaluation (2 vols.).

Division of Human Factors Safety under NRC Contract No. 04-79-209,

. August,1980.

1 Fisger, S.A. Human Engineering Design Concepts For Group Viewing Large Screen and CRT Displays. Sacramento Municipal Utility District, August,1980.

Manning, H., Zich, 3., Fleger, S.A., and Carroll, B. Human Factors Engineering

Conceptual Design of the Rancho Seco Technical Support Center Man-Machine Interface. Sacramento Municipal Utility District, March,1981.

Av

ry, L., Fleger, S.A., Kane, R., Krick, C., Kain, C., Bathurst, 3., Baker, C.,

Malone, T., Price, L., and Mallory, K. Human Factors Evaluation of the Standard Nuclear Unit Power Plant System. Standard Nuclear Unit Power Plant System, January,1981.

Kane, R.M. and Fleger, S.A. Safety Parameter Display System Design Evaluation for the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. Baltimore Gas & Electric Company, May,1981.

Elkg R., Fleger, S., O'Donoghue, T., McCafferty, D., Boyd, E., Weiss, C., Kain, C.,

Piccione, F., Baker, C., and Elke, D., Human Factors Evaluation of the Calvert

! Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Units 1 & 2 Control Room. Baltimore Gas and Electric Company,1981.

Fl:ger, S., Avery, L., Kane, R., Jeorling, D., Elliff, A., Justice, T., and Kirkpatrick, M.

! Results of the Review and Evaluation of the TEPCO/Toshiba/Hitachi Control Room l

Improvement Criteria. Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan Atomic Power l Company, September,1981.

Fl:ger, S., Avery, L., Kane, R., 3eorling, D., Elliff, A., Justice, T., and Kirkpatrick, M.

Results of the Review and Evaluation of the TEPCO/Toshiba/Hitachi Control Room Improvement Plan without introducing New Computer. Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan Atomic Power Company, September,1981.

Flzger, S., Avery, L., Kane, R., Jeocling, D., Elliff, A., Justice, T., and Kirkpatrick, M.

l Human Engineering Review of the Computer /CRT-Based Safety Monitoring and Supervisory System. Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan Atomic Power Company, September,1981.

, Fl:ger, S., Avery, L., Kane, R., Jeorling, D., Elliff, A., Justice, T., and Kirkpatrick, M.

l Task 1,2, and 3 Final Report Summary: Evaluation of Proposed Improvements for Control Room Supervising Function and Supporting Function for Existing Plants.

Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan Atomic Po,wer Company, September,1981.

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Fl::ger, S., and Neal, V. Development and Evaluation of Pictographic Symbols for Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 25th Annual Meeting, October,1981 (Abstract).

4 Kane, R., Manning, H., Fleger, S., Farbry,3., O'Donoghue, T., Tulloh, N., and Grealis, L.,

System-Specific Specifications, Basic Console Evaluation and Human Engineering Library. Bibliography for Advanced Control Rooms. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, December,1981.

Kane, R., Farbry, J., and Fleger, S. Respons'e Stereotypes of 3apanese Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Operators. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, December,1981.

Kane, R. M., Farbry, J., and Fleger, S. Japanese Population Stereotypes for Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Operators and Engineers. Ergonomics, 1982, 25(6), 552.

(Abstract).

Kcne, R., Fleger, S., Farby, J., Harding, T., & Piccione, F. A Human Engineering Evaluation of CRT Formats, CRTs, and Keyboards for the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Advanced Control Room. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, July 1982.

Farbry, J., Fleger, S., Kane, R., and O'Donoghue, T. Human Engineering Specifications For the CRT Display System of the Hamaoka 3 Advanced Control Room. Chubu Electric Power Company, September,1982. .

Fcrbry, J., Fleger, S.; Kane, R., Harding, T., and Pilsitz, D. Human Engineering Evaluation of the CRT Display System of the Hamaoka 3 Advanced Control Room.

Chubu Electric Power Company, February,1983.

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TIMOTHY K. O'DONOGHUE EDUCATION:

Expected 1983 M.A. - Candidate, Industrial Psychology, George Mason University, Fairf ax, Virginia 1979 B.A. - Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia EXPERIENCE:

ESSEX CORPORATION Alexandria, Virginia November 1980 - Research Assistant - Contributed to the development of nuclear Present power plant human engineering design guidelines in a contract with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Authored the section on control room operator tasks and visual system proces-sing.

As part of a specialized team, conducted checklist evaluation of several operating and design phase nuclear power plant control rooms. Contributed to the development of guidelmes for con-ducting human engineering evaluation of operating nuclear power plant control rooms on contract to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Developed and validated checklists and other evaluation instruments.

On contract to NASA's Life Sciences Program, reviewed past Life F: kaces' experiments (from Biospex, Cosmos 936, etc.).

Reviewea proposals for Space Platform experiments to deter-I mine if the variables to be measured in each proposed experi-ment progress as a function of mission duration to avoid redundancy in experiments conducted.

Assisted in developing an automated mailing list for application to NASA's Life Science Program.

l l Conducted research and review of literature in support of contract to update MIL-STD-1472B, human engineering design i

guide for military systems, equipment, and facilities.

Abstracted literature concerned with modern control / display l criteria.

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Performed literature review on research to develop a

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methodology for evaluating the human factors characteristics of the human-computer interface and dialogue for the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (TECOM). Review literature  !

concerned with modern human computer interface and dialogue l criteria. l l

Acted as liaison on a contract to the Cybernetics Technology Office of the Defenie Advanced Rewarch Projects Agency (DARPA). Research support to that office and their suppliers included identification of new technologies, acquisition of equip-ment and publications, and editing and packaging of technical papers.

Security Clearance Level:

Secret (DISCO).

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EVERETT M. BOYD EDUCATION:

1980 B.A. -

Psychology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia EX PERIENCE:

October 1980 - ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Research Assistant - As a member of the procedures format revision project for South Carolina Electric and Gas Company, rewrote nuclear power plant operating and testing procedures to established human factors requirements for format and content, including syntax, semantics, context, consistency.

readability, and Conducted ambient noise surveys and communications studies for control rooms at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant and Big Bend Fossil Fuel Plant (TECO). Surveys involved data collection and reduction, analysis of findings, and recommendation of acoustical backfits to conform to NUREG and human factors guidelines.

Developed test and evaluation plans based on human factors design guidelines for the nuclear power industry. These plans were written as procedures to be used by human factors specialists inthe field. Responsibilities included reviewing NUREG criteria and translating them into instructionallanguage for the conduct of chec' 'isting, surveys and special studies.

Authored a specification for key-operated rotary switches for Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. Research for this specifica-tion included testing of switches for resistance factors. Keys and switches were. addressed in terms of their suitability for human use in the control room. Several sources of information were used to document findings. Qualifications for satisfactory keys and switches were discussed, and the specification was used to substantiate discrepancies between the utility and the vendor.

Conducted data collection and analysis tasks in control rooms at the Calvert Cliffs (BG&E) and Comanche Peak (TUGCO) Nuclear facilities as part of human factors evaluations. Additional duties included construction of control panel mockups, analyzing and writing human engineering discrepancies which may cause or contribute to operator error, and devising standard abbrebviations for terms used in the control room.

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i Researched and developed technical paper on the auditory system of the human by conducting a literature review of the psycho-physiological relationship of audition in control room operations. Studied effects of noise and audible signals on the auditory monitoring tasks of control room operators. Developed a model of human auditory processing in the control room to explain other task dependency on the information handling capacities of the auditory system.

Publications:

Avery, L., Boyd, E., and Eike, R. Report on Environmental Studies of the Big Bend Unit 3 Control Room. April,1982.

West, R.K., O'Donoghue, T.K., Boyd, E.M., Krick, C.K., Piccione, F., Kane, R.M.,

Fleger, S.A., and Baker, C.C. Human Factors Evaluation of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plants Units 1 & 2 Control Room. Final Report (draft),

March 1981.

CANDACE K. KRICK l

EDUCATION:

L l May 1980 B.A. - Political Science, Minor in Psychology, The George Wash!ngton University l j EXPERIENCE:

June 1980- ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Research Assistant - Data collection in the control rooms of nuclear power plants using checklists which conform to human factors engineering guidelines. Other duties include analyzing l

human engineering discrepancies and the potential operator error that could result from the discrepancy. -

Jan.1980- COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTER May 1980 Washington, D.C.

l l Intern - Active in the condominium conversion issue and its

' effects on the community, especially on the elderly. Duties l

included articles written for local newspapers, community meetings, interpersonal communication and interviewing strategies.

June 1979 OAO CORPORATION l Jan.1980 Washington, D.C.

1 Research Assistant / Supervisor - Responsible for the preparation and indexing of chronological summaries of internal and public memoranda; letters, requests, and documents for the Depart-ment of Energy program; Building Energy Performance Standards (BEPS). The purpose of this summary was to provide information ,

to the Office of General Counsel for the Department of Energy and to provide updated materials for Freedom of Information Act requests. Other duties included responding to public requests, the organization of mass mailings, and other adminis-trative duties as directed.

Jan.1979- COMMUNITY LAW OFFICES May 1979 Washington, D.C.

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t Paralegal Intern - Primary responsibilities included the conduct of legal reseErch, client interviews, and the preparation of f various legal documents. Other duties centered on the preparation of materials related to divorce, landlord and tenant, immigration law, and child support matters.

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i CAROL A. KAIN EDUCATION:

1981 Graduate Coursework in Psychometrics (6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br />), The George Washington University 1979 B.A. -

Psychology, The George Washington University I

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[ EXPERIENCE:

t September 1980 - ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia l Research Associate Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant Units 3 & 4 (FP&L)- Con-ducted Systems Function Review and Task Analysis. Evaluated operator response selections and task sequences using operating procedures and control room walkthrough; assessed task com-plexity and operator workload for peak load conditions using traffic analysis and timeline data; evaluated panel layout and control-display integration using spatial operational sequence diagrams; evaluated equipment availability, suitability and com-patibility with task requirements using frequency of use data and importance considerations; evaluated communication functions and division of responsibilities among crew. Compiled findings and identified potential operator error.

I Performed control room design evaluation using various human engineering data collection instruments, checklists, surveys, operator interviews.

t Conducted speech intelligibility analysis to evaluate the control room communications system with and without Emergency Gar-ments. Evaluated the impact of the mirror-imaging design on operator movement and timing patterns. Evaluated design discrepancies from established human engineering practices, based on criticality of potential for operator error. Recom-mended backfits to enhance operator reliability and reduce

! operator error. Authored portions of final report for delivery to l customer. Compiled comprehensive documentation files on all findings utilizing computerized data management.

St. Lucie Nuclear Power Plants Units 1 & 2 (FP&L)- Performed -

control room design review using Systems Function Review and Task analysis, checklists and surveys. Conducted ambient lighting survey to assess normal and emergency levels,

! reflectance, luminance and glare. Results were evaluated with respect to operator performance. Conducted emergency

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i equipment survey including a speech intelligibility analysis of communications while wearing breathing apparatus, equipment anthropometry, access, storage and effects of operation of control boards while wearing protective clothing. Performed control room environmental survey evaluating such factors as temperature, humidity, workspace, furniture and equipment layout, traffic, access, ambience and comfort. Conducted conventions survey to assess the use of size, shape, color and auditory coding standards, abbreviations, acronyms, and com-ponent arrangement. Performed an in-depth evaluation of control room instrumentation based on human engineering guide-lines. Authored portions of final report for delivery to customer.

Compiled and maintained the comprehensive documentation files. Additional duties included assembly of photographic

, mosaic and control room panel mockups.

- V.C. Summer Nuclear Power Station (SCE&G)- Conducted data collection, reduction, and analysis in control room for the purposes of implementing human factors enhancements.

Participated in relabeling effort to improve component identifi-cation.

Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (BG&E)- Participated in human factors evaluation of control room. Collected and analyzed data. Maintained comprehensive documentation files.

Standard Nuclear Unit Power Plant Station (SNUPPS)- Per-formed human factors evaluation of control room using photo-graphic mosiac, full scale mockup, Westinghouse simulator and the actual control boards. Collected data, evaluated discrepan-cies, recommended backfits, and compiled comprehensive docu-j mentation files.

Technical Support Developed test and evaluation plans based on human factors design guidelines to be utilized by human factors specialists in l the nuclear power industry.

Researched and prepared technical paper on the use of coding techniques to minimize operator workload and reduce opera-tional error. Developed design specifications for coding appli-cations to instrumentation and control panels in nuclear power l

control rooms.

July 1980 - ADVANCED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS,INC.

l November 1980 Washington, D.C.

l Research Associate - Provided research assistance for profes-

! sional staff on production management programs including state-of-the-art assessment and literature surveys. Designed promotional material and maintained public relations.

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PUBLICATIONS:

West, R., et.al., Human Factors Evaluation of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Units 1 & 2 Control Room, April,1981.

Avery, L., Fleger, S.A., Kane, R.M., Krick, C., Kain, C., Bathurst, 3., Baker, C.,

Malone, T., Price, L., and Mallory, K., Human Factors Evaluation of the Standard Nuclear Unit Power Plant System. Standard Nuclear Unit Power Plant Systems, January,1981.

9 l

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I k

APPENDIX B H!In. TAN FACTORS / OPERATIONS SUPPORT GROUP RESUMES

THOMAS B. MALONE i

EDUCATION:

1964 Ph.D. - Experimental Psychology, Fordham University 1962 M.A. - Experimental Psychology, Fordham University l 1958 B.S. - Experimental Psychology, St. Joseph's College l EXPERIENCE:

i February 1971 ESSEX CORPORATION l Present Alexandria, Virginia Senior Vice President and Technical Director - Behavioral Sciences Division - Responsible for the direction of programs in the Behavioral Sciences Division, including the areas of Human '

I Factors Engineering; Human Resources Development; Human Performance Research, Test and Evaluation; Crew Systems Development; Space Systems; Training R&D; and Human Factors for Energy Systems.

Responsible Officer for a study to develop human factors engineering guidelines for the nuclear power industry, for the NRC,1980.

Responsible Officer for a program to provide human factors test and evaluation support to the Army Aviation Test Center, Ft.

Rucker, Alabama, 1979-1980.

Program Manager for a study of the role of human factors engineering in the accident at Three Mile Island, for the NRC under Contract No. 04-79-209,1979.

Program Manager for an effort to apply buman factors engi-neering to the LSD-41 ship and land based test site, for

Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company, 1979-1980.

Program Manager for a continuing program to assess and apply human factors engineering technology to the design of surface ships and ship systems for the Naval Sea Systems Command, l Contreet N00024-76-C-6129, April 1976-1980. I Principle Investigator for an effort to assess and apply Human Factors Engineering Technology to Major Weapon Systems, for i i the Naval Air Development Center and Naval Sea Systems ]

Command, Contract N00024-76-C-6129, July 1979. '

Principal Investigator for Development of Human Engineering Criteria for Modern Control / Display Components and Standard

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Principal Investigator, Development of a Training Film for the Navy Human Factors Test and Evaluation Manual (HFTEMAN),

Contract N00123-77-C-1044, April 1977.

Program Manager for Development of Test and Evaluation Procedures for Materiel Operated in Cold Regions, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command, Contract DAAD05-77-C-0724, January 1977.

Program Manager for Development of a Course Curriculum for a Selected Maintenance Training Course, N61339-76-C-0128, Naval Training Equipment Center,1976.

Program Manager for Conduct of a Survey of Power Mower Warning Labels, Consumer Product Safety Commission, CPSC76214900,1976.

Program Manager for an Effort to Develop Consolidated Human Factors Test and Evaluation Procedures for the Army Test and Evaluation Command, DAAD05-76-C-0787, October 1976.

Program Manager for the Analysis of Human Factors Require-ments and Development of Design Criteria for Remotely Con-trolled Vehicles, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, NAS8-31848,1976.

Principal Investigator for a Program to Support the Cybernetics Technology Office, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Contract MDA903-75-C-0227,1976-77.

Program Manager, Advance Concepts of Naval Marine Engi-neering Maintenance, Contract N61339-76-C-0015, for the Naval Training Equipment Center, 1976-1977.

i Principal Investigator, Field Test Evaluations of Rear Lighting and Signaling Systems, Contract DOT-HS-5-01228, conducted for Department of Transportation, 1975-1977.

Principal Investigator, Identify, Evaluate and Improve On the Job Training Program for Navy Food Programs, Contract N00123-76-C-0186, for the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center,1976.

Program Manager, Development of the Navy Human Factors Test and Evaluation Manual (HFTEMAN), Contract N00123-75-C-1364,1976.

I Program Manager, Assessment of the Degree of Generalizability in Selected Advanced Maintenance Training Concepts, Contract N61339-75-C-0097, for the Naval Training Equipment Center, 1975.

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Program Manager, Development of Shuttle Payload EVA Requirements, Contract NAS8-31454, conducted for NASA MSFC,1975.

Program Manager, Research and Development of an Engineering Training Management System, Contract N00244-75-M-AK25, for i the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center,1975.

Program Manager, Tug /SEPS/ Free Flying Payloads Simulation Demonstration, Contract NAS8-31451, conducted for NASA MSFC,1975.

Program Manager of a study to develop advanced techniques of shuttle and spacelab man-machine interface evaluation, for NASA HQ, Contract NASW-2747,1975.

f i

Principal Investigator for a research study of the role of alcohol in non-fatal motor vehicle accidents involving injury, for DOT NHTSA, Contract No. DOT-HS-4-00954,1975.

Principal Investigator for an effort to develop and evaluate advanced instructional technology concepts for marine engi-neering maintenance training, for the Navy Training Equipment Center, Contract No. N61339-74-C-0151,1975.

Program Manager of a study to develop techniques for def'.ning experimenter requirements for Spacelab payloads using network modeling approaches, for NASA MSFC,1975.

Program Manager for a study to identify roles of EVA and remote manipulator systems for space shuttle and shuttle pay-load support missions, for NASA JSC,1974.

Program Manager for development of a human engineering data guide for evaluation (HEDGE), for the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command,1974. l Program Manager for a man-machine evaluation of the M60A2 tank system, Modern Army Special Systems Test Evaluation and Review #AASSTER) and Army Research Institute (ARI),1974.

Program Manager for an effort at NASA MSFC concerned with planning and conducting man-systems simulation studies to support earth orbital teleoperator systems technology develop-ment; supervision of a team of scientists performing man-system simulation evaluations programs, 1972-74.

Program Manager for a contract with DOT NHTSA to develop standardized control / display location, operation, and coding criteria for cars, buses and trucks,1973.

Responsible for specifying system requirements and development planning for the National Information System to Psychology, for the American Psychological Association,1971.

Developed shuttle and sortie lab mission support requirements to support the definition of a Free Flying Teleoperator Flight Experiment Definition, for Bell Aerospace,1973.

Developed guidelines and decision criteria for determining the role of man in shuttle and sortie lab missions, for NASA HQ, 1972-1973.

Identified specific applications of space teleoperator technology to problems in the medical areas of prosthetics, orthotics, and sensory aids, for NASHA HQ,1973.

Served on a special NASA task team to investigate technology requirements for shuttle teleoperator retrieval of payloads -

responsible for the man-machine interface requirements,1972.

Served as a special consultant to the NASA Sortie Lab Life Sciences Payload Planning Panel, for human performance evaluation, teleoperators and EVA,1973.

Presentation of technical papers on teleoperator and EVA -

systems for the First National Teleoperator Conference (1972),

the AAAS Symposium on Shuttle Payloads (1972), the IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Manual Control (1973), Robot and Manipulator Symposium, Udine, Italy (1973), Naval Mainte-nance Conference (1975), Maintenance Training Conference (1975), Annual Meetings of the Human Factors Society (1973-1975), Congress of the IEA (1976), and to various technical meetings at NASA HQ, NASA MSFC, DOT NHTSA, NTEC, and Army TECOM.

l Served as the Technical Program Chairman for the 1973 Human Factors Annual Meeting, and Chairman of the Technical Sessions l Subcommittee for the 1976 International Ergonomics Association l Congress.

i November 1965 URS SYSTEMS CORPORATION, Matrix Research Division l February 1971 (Formerly MATRIX CORPORATION) l Falls Church, Virginia Vice President and Director, Human Facters Branch - Developed the NASA Human Factors Research and Advanced Development

)

Program for teleoperator systems.

Development of requirements for head-up displays for Civil Aircraf t Applications.

l l

Developed an Integrated Pedestrian System in Denville, New Jersey.

Managed an operating division engaged in man / systems analysis and integration and Human Performance Research.

Leader of a team of scientists for defining requirements for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Mission Control Center.

Supervised the design and testing of control consoles for high performance aircraf t radar homing and warning systems.

Participated in the analysis and design of advanced shipboard electronic warfare systems (SHORTSTOP).

l Evaluated human factors design techniques for Naval weapons system design.

l Managed the Matrix effort concerned with developing design requirements for the Apollo Telescope Mount.

Determined human performance problems for oil operations on the North Slope of Alaska.

Analysis of astronaut capability on the lunar surface.

Developed design requirements for lunar shelter habitability.

Determined effects of noise and vibration on helicopter pilots.

Determined pedestrian safety requirements and design criteria.

Developed design requirements for remote manipulator systems for aerospace applications.

Analyzed astronaut capability to perform extravehicular activity.

Managed a team of human factors specialists concerned with analysis and design of a command / control center for a classified remotely controlled intelligence surveillance system.

i

! July 1963 GRUMMAN AEROSPACE November 1965 Long Island, New York

' Head, Crew Systems Simulation Group - Managed and conducted

}

computer based simulation studies of lunar module rendezvous, l

docking, landing, powered descent and abort.

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PUBLICATIONS:

Books:

Malone, T.B. (Editor). Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the International  ;

Ergonomics Association, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.1976.

Malone, T.B. and Ranc, M. (Editors). Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the H'uman Factors Society, Washington, D.C.1973.

Perkins, 3.C., Maxey, G.C., (TECOM); Malone, T.B., Shenk, S.W., and Kirkpatrick, M. (Essex Corporation). Human Factors Engineering: Part I - Test Procedures; Part II - HEDGE. TECOM TOP l-2-610,20 December 1977.

Malone, T.B., and Shenk, S.W. Cold Regions Human Factors Engineering: Part I - Test Procedures; Part 11 - HEDGE. TECOM TOP l-2-611. Prepared under contract DAAD07-77-C0724,20 January 1978.

Malone, T.B. and Shenk, S.W. Human Factors Test and Evaluation Manual (HFTEMAN): Volume 1. Data Guide; Volume 2, Support Data; Volume 3 Methods and Procedures. Prepared under contract N00123-73-C-1364, for the Navy's Pacific Missile Test Center,1976.

Published Articles:

Malone, T.B. and Mallory, K.M., Jr. " Deficiencies in Human Engineering Contri-buted to the TMI Experience." Proceedings of the NRC/IEEE Conference on Advanced Electrotechnology Applications to Nuclear Plants, Washington, D.C., January 1980.

4 Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., Mallory, K.M., 3r., Elke, D., 3ohnson, 3., and Walker, R. " Human Factors Evaluation of Control Room Design and Operator Performance at TMI." NUREG CR-1270, The Nuclear Regulatory Commis-L sion, January 1980.

Baker, C.C., Johnson,3.H., Malone, M.T., and Malone, T.B., " Identification of HFE Technology Gaps in Addressing HFE Requirements of the Navy Systems .

Acquisition Process," Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Boston, Massachusetts,1979.

Malone, T.B. "Research and Development Program Plan, Human Factors Engi-neering Technology for Surface Ships," Naval Sea systems Command, July 1979.

Malone, T.B., Eike, D.R., Baker, C., and Andrews, P.3. " Human Factors i Engineering Technology Integration into the Naval Ship Acquisition Process:

Designing for Operability," Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Detroit, Michigan,1978.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., Malone, T.B., Brye, R., and Fredrick, P.N.

" Manipulator System Performance Measurements." Mechanism and Machine Theory,1977 Vol.12, pp. 439-450.

Malone, T.B., Andrews, P.3., Lewis, W., and McGuinness, J. " Human Factors Engineering Technology Integration into the Naval Ship Acquisition Process."

Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, San Francisco, CA,1977.

Kohl, 3.5., Malone, T.B., and Chernikoff, R. " Field Testing of Alternate Vehicle Rear Lighting Configurations." Proceedings of the_21st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, San Francisco, CA,1977.

Malone, T.B., Delong, J., and Farris, R. " Survey, Evaluation and Design of On-the-3ob Training for the Mess Management Specialist Afloat." Naval Personnel Research and Development Center NPRDC SR 77-3, January 1977.

Shields, N.L., Kirkpatrick, M. and Malone, T.B. " Manipulator Evaluation Criteria."

Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.1976.

Malone, T.B., Delong, 3., Farris, R., and Krumm, R.L. " Advanced concepts of Naval engineering maintenance training." NAVTRAEQUIPCEN 74-C-0151, 1976.

Malone, T.B., and Shenk, S.W. "The Navy's Human Factors Test and Evaluation Manual, HFTEMAN." Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, University of Maryland, College Park, MD,1976.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., and Malone, T.B. "A Method and Data for Video Monitor Sizing." Proceedings of the International Ergonomics Association, University of Maryland, College Park, MD,1976.

Shields, N.L., Malone, T.B., and Kirkpatrick, M. " Manipulator System Performance Evaluation: Some Problems and Approaches." Paper presented to the National Bureau of Standards workshop on performance evaluation of j programmable robots and manipulators, Annapolis, MD, October 1975.

I Shields, N.L., Kirkpatrick, M., and Malone, T.B., and Huggins, C.T. " Design Parameters for a Stereoptic Teleoperator System Based on Direct Vision Depth Perception Cues." Paper presented to the 19th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Dallas, TX, October 1975.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., Malone, T.B., Fredrick, P.N., and Brye, R.G.

" Manipulator System Performance Measurement." Paper presented to the Second Conference on Remotely Manned Systems, July 1975.

I Malone, T.B. " Technological Mixes vs. Other Means of Fully Generalized Mainte-F nance Training. Presented at the Naval Maintenance Conference, Orlando, l

FL, June 1975.

i

Malone, T.B. " Requirements and Concepts for Fully Generalized Maintenance Training Systems. Paper presented at the Naval Personnel and Development Center, August 1975.

Malone, T.B., Shields, N.L., Kirkpatrick, M., and Huggins, C.T. " Optical Range and Range Rate Estimation for Teleoperator Systems." Paper presented at the 18th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Huntsville, AL, October 1974.

Malone, T.B. and Janow, C. " Human Factor Roles in Design of Teleoperator Systems." Paper presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Washington, D.C., October 1973.

Malone, T.B. and Deutsch, S. "The Applications of the Remote Control of the Manipulator in Manned Space Exploration." Paper presented at the Robot and Manipulator Symposium (ROMANSY,'73), Udine, Italy, September 1973.

Malone, T.B. "Teleoperators and EVA for Shuttle Missions." Paper presented to the AAAS and ASA Conference on Shuttle Payloads, Washington, D.C.,

December 1972.

Malone, T.B. " Man-machine Interf ace for Controllers and End Effectors. Paper presented at the First National Conference on Teleoperators, Pasadena, CA, September 1972.

Malone, T.B. " Evaluation of Human Operator Visual Performance Capability for Teleoperator Missions." Paper presented at the First National Conference on Teleoperators, Pasadena, CA, September 1972.

Technical Reports: ,

Malone, T.B. Human Factors Engineering Program Plan and Specification for the LSD-41 Ship. Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company, January l 1980.

I Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., Mallory, K.M., Eike, D.R., Johnson, 3.H., and Walker, R.W. Human Factors Evaluation of Control Room Design and Operator Performance at Three Mile Island. Final report under Contract NRC-04-79-209, December 1979.

Baker, C., Johnson, J., Malone, M., and Malone, T.B. Human Factors Engineering for Navy Major Weapon System Acquisition. Naval Air Development Center and Naval Sea Systems Command, July 1979.

Baker, C., Kosmela, T., and Malone, T.B. Manning Requirements Estimation for Mark 86/SEAFIRE Gunfire Control System Integration. Naval Sea Systems l Command, May 1979.

( Baker, C., and Malone, T.B. Human Factors Engineering Evaluation of Catapult l Systems. Naval Sea Systems Command Report under Contract N00024 C-6129, November 1978.

i

Malone, T.B. and Eike, D.R. Human Factors Engineering Technology Applied to the Beartrap Recovery Assist, Secure and Traverse (RAST) System LSO Console Design. Final Report under Contract N00024-76-C-6129, June 1978.

Bayol, M.E. and Malone, T.B. Naval Electronic Systems Command Department Control Point 3oint Electronics Type Designation System Nomenclature Action Request Processing Course. Final Report under Contract N00600-76-D-1687, April 1978.

Malone, T.B. and Baker, C.C. Human Factors Engineering Technology for the Mark-lh Arresting Gear. Final Report under Contract N00024-76-C-6129, March 1978.

Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., Kohl, 3.5., and Baker, C.C. Field Test Evaluation of Rear Lighting Systems. Final Report under Contract DOT-HS-5-01228, February 1978.

Malone, T.B., Kohl,3.S., Elke, D.R., and Shields, N.L. Human Factors Engineering Evaluation of the Improved HAWK with Product Improvements. Final Report under Contract DAAD07-C-0092, August 1977.

Farris, R., Maloae, T.B., and Kirkpatrick, M. Comparison of Alcohol involvement in Exposed and injured Drivers. Final report under Contract DOT-HS-4-00954, May 1977.

Malone, T.B., and Kohl, 3.S. Field Test of Tail Light Configurations. Midterm report under Contract DOT-HS-5-01228, February 1977.

Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., McGuinness, J., and Kohl, J.S. Human Factors Engineering Technology for Ship Acquisition. Final report under Contract N00024-76-C-6129, Naval Sea Systems Command, October 1976.

McGuinness, J., and Malone, T.B. Consumer Survey for Power Mower Hazar_d Warning Labels and Power Mower Noise. Under Contract CPSC 76214900 for the Consumer Product Safety Commission, October 1976.

Malone, T.B. Navy Sea Systems Command Program Management Course Curriculum. Under Contract N00004-76-M-6243, October 1976.

Malone, T.B., Delong,3., and Farris, R. Advanced Concepts of Naval Engineering Maintenance Training. Final report prepared for the Naval Training Equipment Center, under Contract N61339-74-C-0151, August 15,1975.

Kirkpatrick, M., and Malone, T.B. Role of Man in Flight Experiment Payloads -

Phase II. Final report on Contract NA58-30933, conducted for NASA M5FC, July 1975.

Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., and Miccocci, A. Development and Validation of l Methods for Man-Machine Interface Evaluation. Final report on Contract N ASW-2747, March 14,1975.

Malone, T.B., and Micocci, A. Study of Roles of Remote _ Manipulator Systems and EVA for Shuttle Mission Support. Final report on Contract NAS9-13710 for NASA Johnson Space Center, October 1974.

Malone, T.B., and Kirkpatrick, M. Role of Man in Flight Experiment Payloads -

Phase I. Final report prepared for NASA MSFC on Contract NAS8-29917, July 1974.

Kirkpatrick, M., Brye, R., and Malone, T.B. Man-Systems Evaluation of Moving Base Vehicle Simulation Motion Cup. Final report prepared for NASA MSFC on Contract NAS8-29914, April 1974.

Malone, T.B., Shenk, S.W., Weiss, E.C. Human Factors Engineering Data Guide for Evaluation (HEDGE) and Guidebook Supplement. Prepared under Contract DAAD05-73-0388 for the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command, March 1974.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., and Malone, T.B. Earth Orbital Teleoperator System Man-Machine Interface Evaluation. Final report prepared for NASA MSFC on Contract NAS8-28298, January 1974.

Malone, T.B., and Kirkpatrick, M. The Role of Man in Flight Experiment Payload Missions. Final report prepared for NASA MSFC on Contract NASW-2389, August 1973.

Malone, T.B., Shields, N.L., and Kirkpatrick, M. Report on Earth Orbital Teleoperator Visual System Evaluation Program. NASA MSFC, December 1972.

Malone, T.B. Free Flying Teleoperator Mission kAnalysis. Report for NASA MSFC, December 1972.

Malone, T.B., Krumm, R., Kao, H., and Shenk, S. Human Factors Criteria for Vehicle Controls and Displays. Final report for the Department of Transpor-tation under Contract DOT-HS-120-1-174, August 1972.

Malone, T.B. Teleoperator Man-Machine Interf ace Requirements and Concepts for Satellite Retrieval and Servicing. Final report on Contract NASW-2220, July 1972.

Malone, T.B. Teleoperator Systems Human Factors Program. Prepared for NASA, OART HQ, January 1971.

Malone, T.B., Schowalter, D. and Schweikert, G. Development of an Integrated

Pedestrian System for New Jersey Route 46. Prepared for Madigan-Hyland, Long Island City, NY, April 1970.

Malone, T.B., Mallory, K., and Sanger, E. Selection of Systems to Perform Extravehicular Activity - Man and Manipulator. Report prepared for NASA, under Contract NAS8-24384, March 1970.

Schowalter, D., Malone, T.B., and Shenk, S.W. Lunar Habitability System Design.

Report prepared for NASA, Contract NASW-1941, March 1970.

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Malone, T.B., Bender, H., and Kahn, M. Analysis of Astronaut Performance in the Lunar Environment. Report prepared for NASA, Co. tract NASW-1731, May 1969.

Malone, T.B., Eberhardt, P., and Gloss, D. Human Factors Techniques Employed in Deriving Personnel Requirements in Weapon System Development. Bureau of Naval Personnel, report PRR-68-3, October 1967.

Malone, T.B., and Tostan, D. Effects of Noise and Vibration on Commercial Helicopter Pilots. Report prepared for NASA, contract NASW-1829, April 1970.

Malone, T.B. Apollo 1 Telescope Mount Program Simulation Plan. Submitted to Brown Engineering Company, Huntsville, AL, May 1967.

Malone, T.B., Tostan, D., and Witas, C. Report on Radar Homing and Warning Equipment Design Criteria. Prepared for ATI,Inc., Palo Alto, CA, May 1966.

Malone, T.B. Manned Orbiting Laboratory Mission Control Center Design Guide-lines. Prepared for Douglas Aircraf t Company, May 1966. .

Malone, T.B. Lunar Module Simulation Requirements - A Series of Simulation Program Plans. Prepared for Grumman Aerospace Company, 1963-63.

Malone, T.B. Stimulus and Observer Variables in the Perception of the Ames Trapezoid Illusion. Ph.D. dissertation conducted for United States Navy Training Device Center,1964.

Malone, T.B. Effect of Stimulus Wavelength on the Area-Intensity Visual Absolute Threshold Function. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Fordham University,1%2.

4

l MARK KIRKPATRICK 111 EDUCATION:

1971 Ph.D. - Experimental Psychology, The Ohio State University 197 M.A. - Engineering Psychology, !The Ohio State University 1965 B.A. - Psychology, The Ohio State University l

EXPERIENCE:

January 1977 ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia l Vice President and Technical Director - Responsible for project management of efforts performed under contracts to NRC, NASA, and DOT. Responsible for technical support and periodic l

review of all human factors engineering projects concerned with nuclear power generation.

July 1972 ESSEX CORPORATION 3anuary 1977 Huntsville, Alabama, Facility Director of Huntsville Operations - Responsible for directing and coordinating research and development performed by the Huntsville staff.

Conducted laboratory and simulation studies of operator l performance in earth orbital teleoperator mission tasks. These j studies have encompassed all elements of the teleoperator system including visual, mobility, and manipulator subsystems.

Study approaches have included analysis, laboratory test, and complete man-in-the-loop simulation. Responsibilities included experimental design, test conduct, data analysis, and report writing.

Conducted a study of monitor sizing requirements for the Shuttle af t-cabin CRT displays based on operator perceptual capa-bilities, video system parameters, and viewing requirements.

! Conducted a study to develop methodology for trade-offs and analysis in the area of crew time, loading, and skills in Spacelab experiments. This effort included development of a data form for Spacelab experiment functional requirements and use of a l

monte-carlo simulation program to exercise experiment task

! networks.

f Performed an empirical study of human acceleration thresholds l during complex vehicle simulation. These data were collected to

! provide parametric information on acceleration sensitivity so

that motion washout techniques could be used to enhance simu-lator validity.

Participated in a study of Shuttle EVA requirements and hazards.

Developed EVA approaches based on past EVA operations during manned space missions.

Participated in a study of man-machine integration requirements for TUG /SEPS/lUS. Responsibilities included development of control / display requirements and development of test plans and procedures for TUG /lUS simulations.

Participated as statistician in a variety of studies conducted by Essex Corporation. Responsible for statistical analysis of variance and multiple regression. Has generally advised Essex personnel in matters of data recording, analysis approach, and analysis procedures as applied to a wide range of projects.

Responsible for general direction of research performed by the Huntsville office including project planning, technical approach, data collection, data analysis, report writing, marketing, and proposal writing.

December 1%7 THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE September 1972 Huntsville, Alabama Instructor - Teaching responsibilities have included courses in sensation and perception, statistical analysis and organizational behavior at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

December 1967 ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL July 1972 Columbus, Ohio Member of the Technical Staff - Participated in simulation programs involving air-to-ground E/O guided missile systems.

Also involved in studies of driver behavior and effects of innovative route guidance systems using an automobile simu-lation technique. Responsibilities en these projects included planning, experimental design, development of mathematical models of human performance, statistical analysis of data, and report writing. Other activities included development of a stochastic model of visual search behavior and acting as a consultant in statistics and experimental design for various engineering groups at the Missiles Division of Rockwell International. ,

September 1966 HUMAN PERFORMANCE CENTER, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY December 1967 Columbus, Ohio l Research Assistant - Conducted research on human factors in reconnaissance imagery interpretation.

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PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES & ACTIVITIES Human Factors Society Technical Program Chairman for the 1974 Annual Meeting President of Huntsville Chapter,1975 Certified SCUBA Diver NAVI basic certification l NASDS advanced open water certification PUBLICATIONS:

Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., Mallory, K.M., Eike, D.R., Johnson, 3.H., and Walker, R.W. Human Factors Evaluation of Control Room Design and Operator Performance at Three Mile Island. Final Report under Contract NRC-04-79-209, December 1979.

Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., McQuinness,3., and Kohl,3.5. HFE Technology for Ship Acquisition, Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract N00024-76-C-6129, October,1976.

. Pruett, E.C., Dodson, D.W., and Kirkpatrick, M. Extravehicular Activity Design Guidelines and Criteria. _ Report Number 4-76-6, Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract N AS8-31454.

Malone, T.B ., Pruett, E.C., Dodson, D .W . , and Kirkpatrick, M. External Operations, Maintenance, and Repair (OMR) Mode Selection Criteria. Report Number 4-76-3, Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract

, NA58-31454, May,1976.

l

- Pruett,' E.C., Kirkpatrick, M., Malone, T.B., and Shields, N.L., 3r. Development

, and Verification of Shuttle Payload Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Require-

' ments. Report Number 4-76-4, Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, ender Contract NAS8-31454, March 1976.

L l

x Pruett, E.C., and Kirkpatrick, M. Tug /SEPS/ Free-Flying Payloads Simulation l

Demonstrations. Phase I Report, Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia,

, under Contract NAS8-31451, January 1976.

1 Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., Jr., Malone, T.B., and Guerin, E.G. "A Method and i

Data for Video Monitor Sizing." Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the

- International Ergonomics Association, July,1976.

Shields, N.L., Kirkpatrick, M., Malone, T.B., and Huggins, C. " Design Parameters

, for a Stereoptic Television System Based on Direct Vision Depth Perception Cues." Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society. Human Factors Society, October,1975.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., Brye, R.G., and Vinz, F. "A Study of Moving Base Simulation Motion Cues Utilizing Washout Technique." Proceedmgs of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society. Human Factors Society, October,1975.

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Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., and Frederick, P.N. Role of Man in 9ight i Experiment Payloads - Phase II. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Vcginia

, under Contract NAS8-30953, July,1975.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., Malone, T.B., Frederick, P.N., and Brye, R.G.

" Manipulator System Performance Measurement." Paper presented to the Second Conference on Remotely Manned Systems, July,1975.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., Malone, T.B. A Study of Payload Specialist Station Monitor Size Constraints. Report No. H 75-10. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract NAS8-30545, February,1975.

Shields, N.L., Kirkpatrick, M., Frederick, P.N., and Malone, T.B. Earth Orbital Teleoperator Visual System Evaluation Program. Report No. 3. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract NAS8-30545, February, 1975.

Shields, N.L., Kirkpatrick, M., Malone, T.B. and Huggins, C.T. " Optical Range and Range Rate Estimation for Teleoperator Systems." Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society. Human Factors Society, October,1974.

Malone, T.B. and Kirkpatrick, M. Role of Man in Flight Experiment Payloads -

Phase I. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract N AS8-29917, July,1974.

Kirkpatrick, M., and Brye, R.G. Man-Systems Evaluation of Moving Base Vehicle Simulation Motion Cue. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract NAS8-29914, April,1974.

l Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., and Brye, R.G. Earth Orbital Teleoperator System Man-Machine Interface Evaluation. Report No. H-4-1.

Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract NAS8-28298, January,1974.

I Malone, T. B., Kirkpatrick, M., and Shields, N.L. Manipulator System Man-Machine Interface Evaluation Program. Report No. H-4-3. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract NAS8-28298, January,1974.

Kirkpatrick, M., Shields, N.L., #:t! .O done, T.B. Earth Orbital Teleoperator Visual System Evaluation Report No. H-4-2. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, m;W irtgrn *act NAS3-28298, January,1974.

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[ Kirkpatrick, M., and Brye, R.C. Teleoperator Docking Simulation. Report No.

, H-4-4 Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract NAS8-28298, January,1974 Kirkpatrick,' M., Shields, N.L., and Huggins, C. "Some Effects of Transmission Parameters on Detection and Recognition of Tele & ion Images," Proceedings l

! of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society. Human l Factors Society, October,1973.

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Kirkpatrick, M., Malone, T.B., and Shields, N.L. Earth Orbital Teleoperator Visual System Evaluation Program. Report 1. Essex Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, under Contract N AS8-28298, March,1973.

Breda, W.M., Kirkpatrick, M., and Shaffer, C.L. A Study of Route Guidance Techniques. NR72H-229, Rockwell International Corporation, September, 1972.

Kirkpatrick, M. " Measures of Automobile Simulator Validity." Paper presented at the Workshop on Human Factors in the Design and Operation of the Highway Transportation. Washington, D.C., January,1972.

Kirkpatrick, M. Some Multi-State Models for Visual Search Performance.

l Doctoral Dissertation. The Ohio State University, June,1971.

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Kirkpatrtick, M., Kopala, E.W., and Smith, R.H. Aided Target Acquisition Performance Measurement Program. NR71H-19, Rockwell International Corporation, March,1971. (Confidential report, title unclassified).

Levy, G.W., Kirkpatrick, M., Shaffer, C.L., and Breda, W.M. Simulation Determination of Driver Information Lead Distance Requirements." Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Miami, Florida, September,1970.

Kopala, E.W., Shaffer, C.L., and Kirkpatrick, M. A Study of Operator / System Performance Using a Helmet Imaging and Pointing System to Direct a Television Seeker. NR70H-279, Rockwell International Corporation, August, 1970.

i Shaffer, C.L., Kirkpatrick, M., and Breda, W.M. A Driving Simulation to Determine Information Lead Distance Requirements for an Electronic Route Guidance System. NR70H-167, Rockwell International Corporation, June, 1970.

I Levine, 3.M., Kirkpatrick, M., and Shaffer, C.L. Information Seeking with Conflicting and Irrelevant inputs. NR69H-525, Rockwell International Corporation, October,1969.

Kirkpatrick, M. Development and Evaluation of a Random Walk Model of Visual Search Behavior. NR69H-760, Rockwell International Corporation, December,1968.

Breda, W.M., Shaffer, C.L. and Kirkpatrick, M. Target Acquisition Study for an Indirect Fire Point Optical Contrast Guidance System. NR68H-706, Rockwell International Corporation September,1968 (Confidential report,

! title unclassified). .

Kirkpatrick, M. Quantification of Sublective Quality and Complex of Recornaisance Imagery. M.A. Thesis, Tme Ohio State University, December, j 1967.

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! SECURITY CLEARANCE: SECRET (DISCO) l I

ROBERT G. KINK ADE EDUCATION:

1960 Ph.D., Engineering Psychology, Ohio State University 1957 M.A., Experimental Psychology, University of Missouri 1955 B.A., Psychology, University of Missouri EXPERIENCE:

1976 - Essex Corporation: Duties are to: represent the Corporation in Present Instructional Technology matters, direct the San Diego Facility, manage programs, and contribute instructional psychology to projects. As a Vice President, is responsible for all financial, contractual, and administrative matters pertaining to the San Diego Facility. As Director of the San Diego Facility, is responsible for assigning the resources needed to achieve project objectives in an effective and efficient manner. As a Program Manager, is responsible for directing the development of a prototype Automatic Propulsion System On-Board Maintenance Training Program, consulting with the Navy regarding conven-tional steam propulsion system training for an On-Board Operator Training Program, directing the development of EOSS for the AO-180 and the AO-186 ships, directing the shipboard training of propulsion agineering crews aboard 1052-Class ships on the West Coast, ano directing a research program aimed at applying recent developments in instructional technology to propulsion engineering technician training. As an Instructional Psychologist, is responsible for identifying user characteristics and tailoring intstructional material in accordance with these characteristics, developing a methodology for performing a training objective commonality analysis on the Woodward Electric Governor curriculum, specifying fleet evaluation procedures for the On-Board Maintenance Training Program, and developing experimental designs for assessing the impact of instructional technology developments on propulsion engineering technician training effectiveness and efficiency.

Recent experiences include the application of, direction of, and participation in, the self-paced, individualized, mixed-media approaches to the Hagan Automatic Boiler Control Advanced Maintenance Course and the Woodward Electric Governor Curriculum developments. Also directed the development of the LHA-Consolidated Control System Maintenance Course, using a lecture-supported-by-visual aid approach. In addition, was an author of 12 research and technical reports related to instructional technology during the past three years.

1 1974 - 1976 Nebo, Incorporated: Duties were to serve as Chief Executive Officer. In this capacity, was responsible for performing research and directing the development of instructional systems design, including analysis of training requirements, selection and design of training devices and media, specification of perform-ance-oriented training program, curriculum development instructor handbook preparation and training effectiveness evaluation. Completed a feasibility study for a generalized Navy electronics warfare trainer, participated in the design of a multi-station trainer with the computer serving as an instructor surrogate, and a Boiler Technician Maintenance training course.

1969 - 1974 American Psychological Association: Executive Editor of PSYCHOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS, and Manager of Psychological Abstracts Information Services (PAIS). Responsible for the production of a monthly abstracting and indexing publication containing about 25,000 records annually. Also responsible for conceiving, designing and implementing innovations, including:

automated search and retrieval services, cummulative indexes, and a Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms. Also modified production procedures, including directing the design of an in-house encoding capability that can be used to produce a variety of publications. Was responsible for defining a five-year development plan designed to enhance scientific communications in psychology. In this capacity, directed research efforts designed to assess existing products and services, and evaluate the feasibility of several innovations. Research methods used included pilot system operations, questionnaire surveys, inter-views, and cost / trade analyses.

1 % 6 - 1969 American Institutes for Research: Responsible for directing research involving human performance. Directly participated in studies of training systems evaluation, decision making research, and human information processing capabilities. Was co-editor of the Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design, and co-author of a chapter on Training Device Design and on Design of Controls. Participated in the development of a task taxonomy which would provide structure to basic research results and permit the prediction of human performance on a variety of tasks.

1963 - 1966 Aircraf t Armaments, Inc.: Head of the Man-Machine Systems Group. Directed research programs related to human perform-ance on complex systems and support programs in the area of human engineering, human reliability, and maintainability.

1960 - 1963 Autonetics, A Division of North American Aviation, Inc.: Pro-vided human engineering support on a number of complex systems such as Minute-Man, Apollo, and RS-70. Directed research in the areas of employee attitudes, fire-control dis-plays, vision, and decision making.

1957 ".960 Ohio State University, Laboratory of Aviation Psychology:

Assistant Supervisor - Ohio State University Air Traffic Control research program. Investigated the effectiveness of air traffic control procedures. For two years was engaged in research in the perceptual-motor skills area and directed the activities of a group of undergraduate personnel.

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CLIFFORD C. BAKER EDUCATION:

1980 M.A. - Candidate, George Mason University, Experimental Psychology (coursework 50% completed) 1976 B.S. - Psychology, Minor subjects, Mathematics and Computer Science (languages and packages include:

FORTRAN; UNIVAC Assembly; Basic; and SPSS)

University of Maryland, College Park EXPERIENCE:

I March 1977- ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia i

Manager - Human Factors Analysis Branch, Process Control Systems Department - Provide primary technical and managerial direction for the development and implementation of human factors methodology for all department contracts including:

task analysis, test and evaluation techniques, design analyses, I

criteria definition, and data reduction and documentation tech-niques. Provide technical review for all client deliverables.

Participated in the development and presentation of a three-day seminar on integrating human factors engineering into the nuclear power plant design and acquisition process.

, Program manager for the conduct of special backfit studies for l St. Lucie - Unit 2 and Turkey Point Units 3 and 4 nuclear power plants. Responsibilities included the conduct of detailed annun-ciator system evaluation and preparation of human factors engineering backfit recommendations and specifications, development of demarcation concepts and control room i relabeling concepts.

Research Scientist - Project manager for human factors oper-ability test and evaluation of the Saint Lucie and Turkey Point Nuclear power stations. Activities include: assessment of com-pliance of main control room instrumentation and controls with human factors engineering design guidelines; performance evaluations of control room system operation; development and implementation of a methodology to conduct detailed analysis of

, operational and emergency task sequences; identification of l potential human factors engineering problem; and resolution of design discrepancies via redesign, panel enhancements, .and procedure / training design.

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Project manager for a " quick look" survey and assessment of the operability of the Saint Lucie Unit 2 Nuclear Power Plant Control Room, including assessments of work environment design, work station layout and arrangement, and detailed job design of control room components.

Developed a methodology to conduct a behavioral analysis of operator interfaces with mirror imaged control rooms. Analysis targeted stimulus-response chains and reinforcement expectancy as means to predict errors resulting from mirror imaged design of control panels.

Participated in the evaluations of the Comanche Peak (Texas Utilities Generating Company), SNUPPS (Nuclear Projects Incorporated), V. C. Summer (South Carolina Electric and Gas),

and the Brunswick (Carolina Power and Light) nuclear power plants. Activities included assessment and evaluation of work-space environment, task-equipment demands, component detailed design, anthropometry and validations / verifications of research findings and backfit implementation.

Project manager for the human engineering enhancement of the Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms by reducing visual search task requirements through panel demarcation, switch handle shape coding, and component relabeling.

Project manager for a " quick look" survey and assessment of the operability of the V. C. Summer Nuclear Power Plant Control 4

Room. Activities included comparing control room design with operator task requirements, procedural definitions of task

, sequences, and task activity data such as performance fre-quency, criticality, and so forth.

Project manager for the conduct of an HFE evaluation of the Indian Point Units 2 and 3 nuclear power station control room.

Principal data collection methods were: comparison of task requirements, control room layout, and human operator capabili-ties; task evaluations via videotaping and analysis of plant operating and emergency procedures; and application of detailed checklists.

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! Assisted in development of guidelines and procedures for con-ducting HFE operability assessments of existing nuclear power l plant control spaces, with emphasis placed on: 1) modes and formats of information presentation; 2) control, display and l

workspace design; and 3) job performance aid design.

Participation in human engineering evaluation of the control spaces of the nuclear power plant at Three Mile Island. Respon-sibilit'ies included identification of federal and industry human engineering and control room related design criteria and guides, and relating these to human engineering of control room design.

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Research Associate - Human engineering evaluation of the infor-mation presentation and control modes AN/UYQ-21 Standard l Display System designed for Electronic Warfare, Tactical Data )

Systems, and Fire Control, Combat Information Center  !

applications.

Assessment of the applicability of the Human Factors Test and  !

Evaluation Manual (HFTEMAN) methodology in Navy ship systems HFE test and evaluation.

Definition of the Naval major weapon system acquisition process (WSAP) and identification of Training, Human Factors and per-sonnel requirements therein. Review of available training, trade-off and human engineering design techniques and methods suitable to fulfill HFE design requirements during weapon system acquisition.

As part of validation of Human Factors for Ship Acquisition program, performed design and evaluation efforts for developing and existing ship systems, including task analysis and definition of human operational and maintenance functions, design of displays, control selection, and layout for the Mark-14 aircraft recovery gear. Conducted similar evaluation of man / machine allocations and interface design of aircraf t catapult systems.

Estimation of maintenance manning requirements for Mark-86 and SEAFIRE Gun Fire Control Sub-system Integration by examining maintenance task requirements and failure rate data of the hardware.

Human factors problem identification of habitation by men and machines in extreme cold weather environments, as part of the development of a Test and Evaluation manual for man / machine systems subject to Arctic environments.

Evaluation of alternate automobile rear lighting configuration by correlations with incidences of rear-end stop-related collisions.

Responsible for computer-assisted data maintenance, reduction and analysis of automobile lighting conditions before and af ter the incidence of accidents.

Conducted computer-assisted statistical analysis of railroad locomotive simulator training and pre-constructed tests used as a selection device for appointing railroad engineers.

TECHNICAL REPORTS & PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS:

Baker, C.C., Mosier, J., and Voss, T.J. Preliminary Human Engineering Assessment of the Saint Lucie Unit 2 Nuclear Power Plant Control Room, Technical report prepared for the Florida Power and Light Company, June 1981.

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Malone, T.B., Baker, C.C., and Kosmela, W.T., Human Factors Technology for_

Ships, Technical report prepared for the Naval Sea Systems Command, January 1981.

Avery, L., et al., Human Factors Evaluation of the Standard Nuclear Unit Power Plant System (SNUPPS). Technical report prepared for Nuclear Projects incorporated,1981.

Eike, R., et al., Human Factors Evaluation of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Units 1&2 Control Rooms. Technical report prepared for the BG&E Company,1981. ,

Baker, C., Mallory, K., and West, R. " Survey of Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Operability." Paper presented at the 24th Annual meeting of the Human Factors Society,1980.

Mallory, K., West, R., and Baker, C. " Human Engineering Guidelines for Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms." Paper presented at the 24th Annual meeting of the Human Factors Society,1980.

Mallory, K., Baker, C., and West, R. " Procedures for Human Engineering Evaluation of Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms." Paper presented at the 24th Annual meeting of the Human Factors Society,1980.

Mallory, K., Baker, C., Neal, V., and Shields, N. HFE Review of the V.C. Summer Nuclear Power Station Control Room. Technical Report prepared for the South Carolina Electric and Gas Company, July,1980.

Mallory, K., Fleger, S., Johnson, 3., Avery, L., Walker, R., Baker, C., and Malone, T. Human Engineering Guide to Control Room Evaluation, Vols I and

11. Prepared for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, August,1980.

Baker, C.C. and Malone, T.B. " Evaluation of the Applicability of the HFTEMAN Methodology to Navy Ship Systems," prepared for the Naval Sea Systems Command, August 1979.

Baker, C.C., Malone, T.B. and Kosmela, T., " Manning Requirements Estimation for Mark-86/SEAFIRE Gun Control System Integration." Technical report prepared for the Naval Sea Systems Command, July 1979.

Baker, C.C., Malone, M.T., Johnson, 3. and Malone, T.B. " Identification of HFE l Technology Gaps in Addressing HFE Requirements of the Navy Major Weapon l System Acquisition Process." Paper accepted for forum presentation at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society.

I Baker, C.C., Johnson, 3., Malone, M.T. and Malone, T.B. Human Factors Engineering Technology for Major Naval Weapon Systems Acquisition. March 1979. Report prepared under Contract N00024-76-C-6129.

Baker, C.C. and Malone, T.B. Human Factors Engineering Evaluation of Catapult Systems. Prepared for the Naval Sea Systems Command, January 1979.

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Baker, C.C. and Malone, T.B. Human Factors Engineering Technology for the Mark-14 Carrier Arresting Gear. Prepared for the Naval Sea Systems Command,1978.

Malone, T.B ., Eike, D.R., Baker, C.C. and Andrews, A.S " Human Factors Engineering technology Integration into the Naval Ship Acquisition Process:

Designing for Operability." Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Human Factors Society Meeting, November 1978.

Malone, T.B., Kirkpatrick, M., Kohl, 3.S. and Baker, C.C. Field Test Evaluation of

' Rear Lighting Systems. Report prepared under Contract DOT-HS-5-01228, February 1978.

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DAVID R. EIKE EDUCATION:

1978 M.A. - (ABT) Experimental Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

• 1976 B.I.S. - Experimental Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia EXPERIENCE:

May 1977 ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Director, Process Control Systems Department - Responsible for planning and managing Essex projects related to the design, test and evaluation of process control systems. Projects in this area include: design and evaluation of nuclear power plant control rooms; development and validation of human engineering design criteria for nuclear power plants; development and validation of format specifications for operating and maintenance procedures for nuclear power plants.

Principal Investigator in an effort sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute to develop a three-volume guidebook for integrating human factors engineering principles, methods and guidelines into the nuclear power plant development process.

Responsibilities include: development of guidebook concept; preparation of volume and chapter outlines; and management of technical staff.

Developed and conducted a 3-day seminar on Integrating Human Factors Engineering into the Nuclear Power Plant Design Pro-

! cess for EPRI. Responsibilities included: development of seminar concept; preparation of materials; and presentation of seminar.

Program Manager for a project to evaluate Toshiba Advanced l Control Room Concept for CHUBU Electric Company. Respon-sibilities include: review of program plan and other project deliverables; preparation of task and cost schedules; allocation i of personnel and other resources; direction of technical staff.

Program Manager, Man-Machine System Studies - Responsible

! for planning and managing Essex projects related to human factors engineering for man-machine systems. Responsibilities included: preparation of program plans; allocation of personnel and other resources; direction of technical staff; and conduct of program activities.

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,, , .- ., , ,, - , , . , . , _.,--.,c-,,~,,c7.--..e. ,g

' Program Manager in an effort to develop and implement human engineering specifications for the design of the Technical Support Center (TSC) at the Rancho Seco nuclear power plant for the Sacramento Municipal Utility District. Responsibilities include: development of a functional and operational model of the TSC; specification of information transfer and display requirements; development and evaluation of design concepts using checklists and mockup techniques; selection of optimal hardware / software configurations; and identification and evalua-tion of advanced process control display techniques.

Task Team Leader, Human Factors Test and Evaluation of Three Mile Island-Unit 2 Nuclear Power Plant control room. Responsi-l bilities included: human engineering analysis of control room design; development and analysis of TMI-2 accident action timeline; identification of human engineering aspects as causal /

L contributing factors.

Program Manager for an effort to develop test and evaluation methodologies for evaluating the soldier-computer interface for the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command. Responsibilities included: preparation of program plan; review of contract deliverables; direction of technical staff.

Principalinvestigator in a study to empirically define readability envelopes for miniature annunciators to be used in the control room of the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric. Responsibilities included: conduct of analytical pilot study; development of experimental design; design and fabrication of stimuli; data analysis and interpre-l tation; and preparation of test report.

Responsible for the organization, management, and quality con-trol of human factors engineering test and evaluation activities for missile systems at White Sands Missile Range; electronic and communications systems at Army Electronic Proving Ground (Ft.

l Huachuca); and aviation materiel at AAVNDTA (Ft. Rucker).

Responsibilities include: development and review of test plant; conduct and review of technical activities; preparation of test schedules; and allocation of personnel and resources.

Conducted an effort to develop human engineering criteria for l modern control and display components to be used in updating MILS 3TD-1472. Responsibilities included: development of pro-

- gram plan, data collection, analysis, and interpretation; and l preparation of final report. .

Research Scientist - Principal investigator for human factors evaluation of the Communications Nodal Control Element (CNCE) of the Tactical Communications Control Facilities (TCCF). Responsibilities included

development of the test l

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plan; monitoring and evaluation of the T&E effort of Martin-Marietta (prime contractor for TCCF); on-site data acquisition; data analysis, including error likelihood and conformance to MIL-STD-1472B; and preparation of test report containing design evaluation and recommendations.

Performed Test and Evaluation of human factors design problems in the Improved Hawk Missile System. Responsibilities included:

preparation of the test plan; review and analysis of technical literature; functional and requirements analysis; development of operational sequence diagrams and task analyses; on-site data acquisition, including: human performance data, T&E of specific equipment items and interviews with operational and mainte-nance personnel; reduction and interpretation of data; drafting conclusions of subtests for final report.

Performed Test and Evaluation of human factors design problems in the Beartrap Helicopter Recovery Assist, Secure and Traverse (RAST) system. Responsibilities included: development and preparation of the test plan; review and analysis of technical literature; functional and requirements analysis; development of operational sequence diagrams and task analyses; on-site data acquisition, including: error likelihood analysis, T&E of specific equipment items and interviews with operational and mainte-nance personnel; reduction and interpretation of data; develop-ment of trade-off and evaluation criteria; development of alter-na tive console configurations; assisted in design and construction of , onsole mockups; preparation of final report.

Assisted in the analysis of design requirements for aircraft carrier catapult and arresting gear systems, and anlaysis operator duties within the combat information center.

Participated in reduction, analysis, and interpretation of data collected for a study designed to evaluate the effects of alternative taillight configuration on the frequency and severity of rear-end collisions.

Participated in the collection, reduction, and analysis of data for development of a human factors design guide for Naval ship systems.

1975 - 1976 GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY Fairfax, Virginia Research Assistant - Assisted faculty members in academic and applied research. Responsibilities included: experimental design, mechanics, and evaluation; collection and interpretation of data; descriptive and inferential statistics; handling and training lab animals; and working with adults and children in various experimental settings.

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Principal data collector in a project to determine visual thresholds for computer-generated imagery for the Army Night Vision 1.aboratory at Ft. Belvoir. Responsibilities included:

administration of experiment; data reduction; and, statistical analysis.

Teaching Assistant - Taught Statistics and Comparative Psychology Labs.

PUBLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ~ REPORTS Eike, D. R., Malone, T. B., Fleger, S. A. Human Engineering Design Criteria for Modern Control / Display Components and Standard Parts. Final Report under Contract No. DAAK40-79-C-0144.

Malone, T. B., Kirkpatrick, M., Mallory, K. M., Eike, D. R., Johnson, 3. H., and Walker, R. W. Human Factors Evaluation of Control Room Design and Operator Performance at Three Mile Island. Final Report under Contract N RC-04-79-209, December 1979.

Eike, D. R. Human Factors Evaluation of the Radiation Detector and Computer Indicator. Final Technical Report under Contract DAEA18-79-C-0029, May 1979.

Talley, W. and Eike, D. R. Human Factors Evaluation of the Communication Satellite Ground Control Terminal (AN/TSC-85), Final Technical Report under Contract DAEA18-79-C-0029, March 1979.

Eike, D. R. and Malone, T. B. Human Factors Engineering Evaluation of the Communications Nodal Control Element of the Tactical Communications Control Facility. Technical Report under Contract DAAKil-78-C-0099, December 1978.

Malone, T. B., Eike, D. R., Baker, C. A. and Andrews, P. 3. Human Factors j Engineering Technology Into the Naval Ship Acquisition Process: Designing

[ for Operability. Presented at the Human Factors Society Meeting, Detroit, 1978.

Eike, D. R., Malone, M. T. and Malone, T. B. Survey of Task Analysis Methods and Data Formats. Prepared for: Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA.

Malone, T. B., Eike, D. R. HFE Technology for the Beartrap LSO Console. Final Report under Contract N00024-76-C-6129, June 1978.

Malone, T. B., Kohl, 3. S., Eike, D. R. and Shields, N. L. Human Factors Engi-neering Evaluation of the Improved HAWK with Product Improvements. Final Report under Contract DAAD07-C-0092, August 1977 Eike, D. R., Allen, 3. A. Pre-exposure of Dull Versus Complex Stimuli: Imp-lications for the Adult-Child Anomaly in the Latent inhibition Studies, i Presented at the Easter Psychological Association Meeting Boston,1977.

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DOUGLAS C. METCALF EDUCATION:

Yale University - B.E., Chemical Engineering Navy Nuclear Power School- Nuclear Engineering Army Logistics Management Center - Test and Evaluation Management PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

1977 - Present ESSEX CORPORATION Alexandria, Virginia Division Director - Directed and coordinated the contract performance of a number of Essex Corporation operating divisions. These include the Special Engineeri..; _. vision, Infor-mation Sciences Division and overall management cognizance of Essex' Behavioral Sciences activities, including support to nuclear utility customers.

Director of Special Engineering Division - Responsible for fiscal and technical performance of all programs and projects assigned to the division. Programs spanned a variety of technical areas including: system performance monitoring and material condition assessment, submarine maintenance and life cycle support strategies, shipboard life support system design and upgrade support, electrical power harmonic reduction, training materials development.

Senior Program Manager - Responsible for coordination of multi-faceted technical and management support services to the TRIDENT Submarine Acquisition Project Integrated Logistic Support Program. Areas of technical cognizance include: the shipsystem performance monitoring program which is a life cycle performance testing program designed to measure performance degradation to determine material condition margins by utilizing autt mated data analysis techniques. Program features invo;ved inch de personnel and training requirements and calibration, ADP systems and hardware requirements and the total engineering develc,pment of the test procedures and analysis algorithms. 4 Senior Consulting Nuclear Engineer to support the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in a task to review the accident at the  !

Three Mile Island nuclear station from a Human Factors Engi-  !

neering standpoint. Reviewed all relevant Federal and Industry Standards, Regulatory Guides, Safety Guides,10CFR50, and the NRC's PSAR, FSAR and SRP requirements to determine the extent of influence upon the plant design and operation of HFE aspects vis-a-vis published design criteria and design bases. l l

Evaluated the sequence of events in the early hours of the accident to determine and define the primary, secondary and auxiliary systems' behavior and interactions; assessed the and availability of plant stations indications and  ;

adequacy operator / management response thereto.  !

1972 - 1977 NAVAL SHIP ENGINEERING CENTER Site Coordinator for the lead site of the SSBN Shipsystem Maintenance Monitoring and Support Office (SMMSO). Coordi-nated all aspects of a 20-man remote site team engaged in performance monitoring and tracking system material condition for over 60 critical shipsystems. Responsible for review, implementation and operational interface aspects of all test and inspection procedures. Handled all features of site team operations including communications, personnel, administration, t procurement and support of test equipment, scheduling of all testing and associated maintenance recommendations.

Program manager for the SMMSO Ferrographic 011 Analysis program. Evaluated, developed and implemented this technique of wear particle examination which offers substantial failure prediction for oil lubricated machinery.

1966 - 1972 UNITED STATES NAVY As the Supervisor of Shipbuilding's representative, participated in and witnessed the Board of Inspection and Survey (INSURV) trials for three new construction SSNs and two Deep Submer-gence Vehicles (DSV). Witnessed and directed numerous shipbuilder's trials for new construction SSNs. Maintained status and reported progress of 'the shipyard test progrm from criticality through dock trials and fast cruise for the new construction submarine USS FLYING FISH, SSN673.

Developed and enforced an on-site inspection program for the major upkeep and trials of the DSVs SEA CLIFF and TURTLE at a location remote from the contractor's facility. Performed as the Government's senior on-site representative during this 3-month period.

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While attached to the Squadron staff, revised the Squadron's procedures for implementing the Type Commander's Alteration and Improvement (A&l) program to improve completion status accountability, logistic support and time.' sccomplishment.

! As a nuclear submariner, made three (3) POLARIS deterrent patrols, four upkeep periods including two drydockings; qualified in submarines, qualified Engineering Officer of the Watch, Damage Control Assistant, Ship's Diving Officer, Auxiliary l

Division Officer and 3M Officer.

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WALTER T. TALLEY EDUCATION:

1977 M .S. - Applied Psychology, Stevens Institute of Technology 1974 B.A. - General Experimental Psychology, N6w Mexico State University 1972 A.A. - Arts and Sciences, New Mexico State University Military Training in Electronics:

1962 Refresher Course in Electronic Fundamentals 1960 Radar Fire Control and Bombing Computer Systems, Republic Aviation Corporation 1955 Radar Fire Control and Bombing Systems EXPERIENCE:

December 1978 - ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria Virginia Pro iect Manager - Responsible for the human factors engrneering evaluation contract with Carolina Power and Light Company. Directed the work of one Research Scientist, three Reserch Associates, one Research Assistant and one contract consultant in the human factors engineering evaluation of the Shearon Harris Unit I control room. Duties consisted of the planning and coordination of all contract activities which included scheduling between two Essex offices and the customer field location; the development of evaluation plans which incorporated modified existing procedures and newly developed procedures tailored to this particular customer's requirements; and general customer interface activities such as conduct of monthly project review meetings, submittal of monthly progress reports, and the development and planning of special studies.

Research Scientist - Responsible for the conduct of assigned projects in the Behavioral Sciences Division.

At White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, responsible for the conduct of the human factors engineering evaluation of the U.S.

Army Patriot Air Defense System. Directed the work of one Research Associate in the development of a detailed test plan, various interim reports and new field evaluation techniques and procedures applied to the Patriot System testing. Performed the first non-supplier safety study on the Patriot System and

s produced the Interim Safety Release Study Report which was essential for the continued evaluation of the system.

At Fort Hauchuca, Arizona, as a member of the Essex quick-response team, assisted in the initial contract phases of U.S.

Army Communications System Test and Evaluation projects.

Duties consisted of the performance of human factors engi-neering evaluations of current and prototype communications equipment and satellite telecommunications systems. Collected and evaluated human performance, environmental, and hardware data. Wrote final reports concerning the compliance of various equipment to existing military human factors specifications and requirements.

As a member of the Essex human factors staff, analyzed work performance data and developed a summary report for the AT&T l Company's Human Performance Laboratory concerning cor-rective maintenance task times for telephone company central office switchworkers. Assisted in writing the technical areas of contract proposals for the evaluation of Army weapons systems.

July 1978 - ALLEN CORPORATION OF AMERICA November 1978 Alexandria, Virginia (White Sands, New Mexico)

Senior Human Factors Engineer - As the project manager of the Corporation's White Sands Office, directed the work of two Senior and one Junior Human Factors Engineers, and one Secretary / Clerk. Work consisted of Human Factors evaluation of current and prototype U.S. Army Weapons systems. Test plans were developed which established the methodology and scheduling of complete human factors evaluations of operation, l maintenance and transportability for tactical and strategic weapons.

September 1974 - BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES

[ June 1978 Piscataway, New Jersey Member of Technical Staff - As a member of computer software development groups, developed specifications for the human interface requirements of large computer-based data manage-ment systems used throughout the Bell Telephone System.

i Designed and implemented the specific human interface func-tions from the aforementioned requirements. Developed the performance standards and operational (human performance) definitions of the functional allocations for both the human and t

the machine in these sof tware systems.

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May 1971 - DYNALECTRON CORPORATION August 1974 Land-Air Division White Sands Test Facility - NASA Las Cruces, New Mexico Electro / Mechanical Designer - Developed various new designs and modifications to existing designs for facilities, structures, and equipment used for destructive and nondestructive materials testing. Produced structural, mechanical, and electrical designs on the modifications to cyrogenic storage and pumping systems.

Also produced drafted drawings and technical illustrations to NASA standards for use in documenting the facility's config-uration and for use in test reports.

February 1970 - DYNALECTRON CORPORATION April 1971 Land-Air Division Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico Medical lilustrator - Produced illustrations for publications and technical reports. Illustrations were in the following categories:

Line Graphs, Charts, Cumulative Records, Equipment Layouts and Anatomy Drawings. Using autopsy procedures, produced preliminary drawings of thoracic musculature of the baboon.

Developed comparative Sacrolumbar, and lower trunk compara-tive anatomical drawings of the human, baboon, and chimpanzee.

September 1968 - A. G. SCHOONMAKER COMPANY, INC.

January 1970 Sausalito, California Project Engineer - Developed all phases of detailed design requirements for diesel and gas turbine powered generator sets.

Set capabilities were usually in the range of 5000 volt, 2000 kilowatt outputs. Also coordinated total design packages including all mechanical aspects of the units and developed electrical requirements and cost analysis for contract bids.

Electrical design details involved the evaluation of customer contract requirements, translation of them into specific com-ponents, ordering the components and materials and designing i

the circuits, bus connections, enclosures, front panels and controls. Some technical writing was required in the area of maintenance and operating instructions.  ;

September 1967 - ELECTRONICS CONSULTING FIRMS August 1968 San Francisco, California Electronics Technician, Research and Development - Performed a broad range of technician / designer duties as a job-shop employee. Most work was involved in the build-up, modification l and checkout of production test equipment for testing missile ]

guidance systems. - Additional work performed in the ,

construction and testing of U.S. Army field telecommunications equipment.

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August 1962 - DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT COMPANY,INC.

August 1967 Santa Monica and Huntington Beach, California Electronics Technician, Research and Development - Worked in vehicle checkout areas at Santa Monica and Huntington Beach on the initial installation of the Ground Support Equipment for the Saturn SIV and SIV-B Space Vehicles. Performed scheduled periodic maintenance and assisted engineering in trouble-shooting, modification, calibration and functional checkout of this equipment. SIV Ground Support Equipment was manually operated, SIV-B equipment was computer controlled.

May 1955 - UNITED STATES AIR FORCE June 1962 Supervisor of Fire Control Section, R&D - At the Fighter Weapons Squadron, Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, Nevada, had charge of five technicians in the Research and Development section. Work involved the design and packaging of R&D projects relating to the testing, modification and extension of Radar Fire Control and Bombing Computer Systems' capabilities on the then current fighter aircraft; the F-100D and F-105D fighter / bombers.

Rocket and missile systems which were modified and tested consisted of conventional 2.5, 2.75 and 3.25 air-to-air rockets, sidewinder (infrared guided) rockets and the GAM-83 air-to-ground BULLPUP missile. (1961-1962)

Fire Control Technician, R&D - Worked in the Research and Development section of the Fighter Weapons Squadron, Nellis Air Force Base, Las Vegas, Nevada. Technical work responsi-bilities were the same as those listed above. (1959-1961)

Fire Control Technician - Maintained Radar Fire Control Systems in fighter aircraf t at Turner Air Force Base, Albany, Georgia. (1958-1959)

Test Equipment Technician - At the USAF Standards Laboratory in Chateauroux, France, worked en all phases of repair and calibration of general and special purpose electronics test equipment. Designed and built test and calibration benches for new types of equipment as needed. Maintained bench stock supply of all necessary spare parts. (1955-1958)

PERSONAL DATA:

3 Member of Psi Chi, Psychology National Honor Society Member of the Human Factors Society Military Status - Veteran Enlisted USAF, June 8,1954.

Honorably discharged, June 7,1962.

TECHNICAL REPORTS:

Talley, W. T. and Wenger, W. Interim Safety Release Study, Patriot Missile System, Tecom Project DAAD07-79-C-0063, Essex Corporation, October 1979.

Talley, W. T. and Eike, D. R. Human Factors Evaluation of the Communication Satellite Ground Control Terminal (AN/TSC-85), Final Technical Report under Contract DAE18-79-C-0029, Essex Corporation, March 1979.

Talley, W. T. and Aikens, R. C. Human Engineering Report, Development Test II (PQT/G) for the Enhanced Cobra Armament Program (Interim). Tecom Project DAAD07-78-C-127, Allen Corporation, November 1978.

Talley, W. T. and Aikens, R. C. Human Engineering Report, Development Test 11 (PQT/G) for the Lightweight Launcher (LWL). Tecom Project DAAD07-78-C-0127, Allen Corporation, October 1978.

Talley, W. T. and Aikens, R. C. Human Engineering Report, Development Test II (PQT/G) for the XM1 Tank Svstem. Tecom Project DAAD07-78-C-127, Allen Corporation, October 1978.

4 THOMAS A. HARDING EDUCATION:

1980 Senior Reactor Operator Permit - USNRC North Anna Nuclear Power Station Unit-1 and Unit 2 1978 Reactor Operator License - USNRC North Anna Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 1975 Retraining Qualification - Westinghouse Zion Power Station -

Simulator, Zion, Illinois 1973 Reactor Operator License - USAEC Surry Power Station -l'ait 1 j

and Unit 2 EXPERIENCE:

May 1980 ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia

' Staff Nuclear Operations Specialist - Primary function is to provide operations support for the application of human factors engineering principles in NPP control room reviews. This includes developing format and text of various Emergency and Operation Procedures for Indian Point Unit 2 and Unit 3 and assisting in reviews of Human Engineering Deficiencies for Grand Gulf and Calvert Cliffs nuclear power stations. Partici-pated in control room design and layout reviews for Grand Gulf, Virgil C. Summer, Calvert Clifis, and Indian Point.

September 1970 - VIRGINIA ELECTRIC AND POWER COMPANY I May 1980 Shif t Supervisor - Senior Reactor Operator, North Anna Power Station - Directed shif t operation during routine, emergency, and start-up duties of the 944Mw Pressurized Water Reactor Units.

Coordinated the revisions of Emergency Procedures for imple-menting two unit operation.

Senior Reactor permit issued with the first post-TMI tested group; included specific training in thermodynamics and natural convection problems of large PWRs.

I Served as Site Coordinator of the Control Room Review Task Force to find out and correct deficiencies in human engineering I

l in the control room of North Anna Power Station. This involved serving as liaison between Virginia Electric and Power Company,

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l as operators, Essex Corporation, as reviewers, and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, as monitors. Later the l

i position was concerned with implementing backfits to solve the

! designated problems.

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Control Room Operator - Reactor Operator, North Anna Power Station - Performed start-up, emergency and routine duties of two 944 Mw Pressurized Water Reactor Units including pre-operation checkouts and design modification drafting of safety and nonsafety related systems.

Control Room Operator-Reactor Operator, Surry Power Station -

Performed start-up, emergency and routine duties of two 822 Mw Pressurized Water Reactor iInits including preoperational checkouts of safety and nonsafety related systems.

Twelf th Street Power Station - Performed start-up and routine operations on two unit coal fired station.

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i ALBERT E. STRONG EDUCATION:

1967 Course A Basic Instructor Training 1967 Basic Leadership Principles 1961 U.S. Naval School Instructors, Class C-1 A Course 1957 Nuclear Power Training - Certified as Qualified Operator of 51W Nuclear Propulsion Plant 1956 Basic Nuclear Power Course 1955 Electronics Technician, Class A Service Training - U.S. Navy EXPERIENCE:

Sept.1980 - ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Operations Specialist - Operations advisor to Human Factors Engineering reviews in NPP control rooms.

Aug.1970 - VIRGINTA ELECTRIC AND POWER COMPANY Sept.1980 Shif t Supervisor - Worked as control room operator as well as shif t supervisor of preoperational construction and testing of i Surry Power Plant Units 1 and 2. Received training at Surry Plant and now hold NRC Senior Operator License #50P-1944 for Surry Units 1 and 2. Transferred to North Anna Power Station as Shif t Supervisor in August 1972. Supervised Prestartup and Startup check of Units 1 and 2. Hold Senior Operator License

1. SOP-2999-2 amended March 2,1980 to include North Anna Unit 2.

l Aug.1956 - UNITED STATES NAVY l Aug.1970 L Chief, Electronic Technicain i

8/67 to 8/70 - Electronic Instructor and Assistant to Phase l

Supervisor, with duty as instructor in electronics.

t 1/66 to 8/67 - Chief of the Reactor Division aboard the USS l

Haddock for the precommissioning detail checking out equipment j and supervisor of the engineering watch.

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10/63 to 1/66 - Assigned as Leading Petty Officer - Reactor Control Division aboard the USS Von Steuben during precritical testing period and during three patrols.

9/61 to 10/63 - Assistant to the Atomic Energy Commission Representative at G.E. nuclear electronic plant at West Milton, New York, which served as training plant for the U.S Navy.

Reviewed all tests prior to Company performance for purpose of damage prevention. Conducted plant inspections to insure proper operation.

8/57 to 7/61 - Performed first sourceless critical core reloading aDoard ship.

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FRANCES PICCIONE EDUCATION:

1980 M.A. - (ABT) Industrial Psychology Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 1977 B.A. - Psychology and Anthropology State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York l

EXPERIENCE:

I l July 1980- ESSEX CORPORATION Prcsent Alexandria, Virginia Research Associate, Energy Program - Composing specification documents to be used as guides in equipment design and layout for control rooms in nuclear power plants. Information from several sources is coordinated to develop specifications on status / monitor light boards and air temperature / humidity and ventilation. Design aspects such as operation, organization of displays, physical design features and constraints are discussed.

Performed a review / critique of emergency procedures for Baltimore Gas and Electric and Standardized Nuclear Unit Power Plant Systems. Procedure formats were reviewed along human engineering criteria. Several procedures were rewritten in a format specially designed to meet these criteria by .way of example. Discrepancies identified in original formats or proce-dures were addressed individually.

Conducted task analyses focusing on the requirements for effec-tive nuclear power plant emergency operating procedure perfor-mance under contract to Baltimore Gas & Electric Company and Standardized Nuclear Unit Power Plant Systems. The analyses addressed factors such as: discrete activities of control room operators during plant operation, behaviors involved in the performance of activities, estimated time requirements for each activity, frequency of behaviors, information and/or communi-l cation requirements, specific controls and displays utilized, and concurrent or shared tasks. Primary emphasis was on the identification of potential error and error impact, as a result of individual component characteristics or component configuration interfacing with human psychological or physiological I constraints.

Participated in an effort to identify labeling inconsistencies and component discrepancies on control room panels in a nuclear

9 power plant owned by Mississippi Power and Light Company.

Labeling modes were developed which would fulfill technical requirements and meet human factors criteria for control room design.

1978- WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY 1980 Kalamazoo, Michigan Graduate Assistant, Office of Dr. D. Brethower - Prepared a comprehensive job model representing:the requisite behaviors.of a retail store manager. The model included such aspects as:

Accomplishments,. stated as results or, outputs of behavior; Duties, stated as subaccomplishments; Tasks, stated as activities '

.or behaviors resulting in the , achievement of duties; Require-ments, stated in terms of accuracy, completeness, timeliness, rate, etc.; and Standards, stated in terms of specific qualitative and quantitative values. This model facilitated the identifi-cation of training objectives as well as desired performance versus actual performance and possible causes of dicrepancy.

Graduate Assistant, Office of Institutional Research -

Conducted special projects involving f aculty and student data.

Accomplishments included a feasibility study on flex-time work schedules to be applied to university administrative staff.

Developed a statistical prediction model from a data base of ten variables which was employed in a salary equity study. Variables .

were analyzed in order to identify those contributing most to the determination.of salary for all levels of faculty and across all university dep.artments. Under specific scrutiny were the variables of sex and race which were found, to account for minute proportions of variance when all other variables were simultaneously considered. -

Conducted a student attriticn study which compared primary.

causes of attrition for two groups of former students. .A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of students who last attended classes in 1976 or 1979; their responses were correlated

! to determine significant differences.

Intern, Southcentral Michigan Commission on Aging - Conducted training needs assessment for government human _ services' #,

agency. Subcontractors to the agency were surveyed to identify areas of most critical training needs. The results, along with '

! mandated training guidelines, were , translated into training _

objectives for a proposed training budget.

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DIANE JEORLING EDUCATION 1980' B.A. - Mathematics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri EXPERIENCE:

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_ Jun'e 1980 - ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Research Assistant - Presently assigned to the Energy Program within the Behavioral Sciences Division. Responsible for identifying and evaluating discrepancies from human

engineeering standards and practices in nuclear power plant L control room panel design, workspace layout and control / display integration. Suggest potential backfits to eliminate design deficiencies and to enhance the interface between the human

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operator and power plant instrumentation.

Performed separate analyses of panel labeling and alarm annunciator nomenclature to identify and correct readability problems. Identified inconsistencies and devised dictionary to standardize use of acronyms and abbreviations in panel labeling.

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In reviewing alarm annunciator test, determined priority alarms and' developed configuration plan to ensure that high priortiy

/ . alarms are most discriminable. Standardized annunciator vocabulary and legend format. Developed human engineering specification for alarm annunciator design based on human engineering eriteria.

Assisted ' in developing human engineering checklists, the instruments used to identify human / system deficiencies in nuclear power plant control rooms. Validated and revised checklists following their application in seven operating and design-phast nuclear power plant control rooms. Reported discrepancies. identified by checklists and recommended potential backfits. Interviewed operators concerning operability of the control panel and workspace design. Conducted surveys to I evaluate sufficiency and efficiency of lighting communications

,L[ and anthropometry of instrument placement.

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1 3OHN M. 3ACOBY EDUCA i'lON Commercial Photography, Northern Virginia Community College EXPERIENCE:

1979 - ESSEX CORPORATION Present Alexandria, Virginia Staff Photographer - Provided photographic documentation of twelve nuclear power plant control rooms. Produced and assembled photographic fuli-scale mockup of TMI-2 control room. Provided technical assistance on video tape of TMI-2 incident timeline.

1979 UNITED WAY OF AMERICA Alexandria, Virginia -

Photographer - Freelance commissioned work for United Way ,

Publicailon, Community Focus.

PUBLICATION:

Community Focus, May, June and July 1979; Cover and article photographs.

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APPENDIX C OPERATIONAL ENGINEERING GROUP RESUMES l

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MICHAEL A. CANOVA EDUCATION:

1978 BS - Electrical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University i INDUSTRY TRAINING:

1982 Human Factors Design Guidelines Workshop, EPRI, Washington, D.C.

1981 Workshop on Human Engineering Enhancements for Nuclear Control Rooms, EPRI, Minneapolis, Minn.

1980 - Engineering Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University. L. T. Katchmar, 1981 Ph.D., Chief, Systems and Performance Direction, Human Engineering Lab, e Aberdeen Proving Grounds 1980 Effects of Human Performance on Nuclear Power Plant Operations, NRC, Washington, D.C.

Probabilistic Risk Assessment, Laurence Livermore Laboratories, Baltimore, Maryland Human Factors Engineering in Power Plant Design Operations and Mainte-nance, EPRI, Palo Alto, California 1979 IEEE Course on Introduction to Microprocessors EXPERIENCE:

BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY i Electric Engineering Department 1978 - Engineer - Instrumentation and Controls Unit - responsible for engineering

. 1983 support of additions and modifications to BG&E Generating Facilities, primarily at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. Also Project Director for the Calvert Cliffs Control Room Design Review Project.

1975 - Engineering Technician - Mechanical Engineering Section - provided tech-1978 nical assistance for Engineering staff efforts in support of additions and modifications _to BG&E Generating Facilities.

1971 - Cathodic Protection Testman - Northern Distribution Department - Opera-1975 tions Unit - responsible for performing test, evaluation, and initiation of corrective actions with respect to maintenance of an underground struc-

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tures cathodic protection program.

4 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE 1966 -- Electrician /Powerlineman - Civil Engineering Squadrons, Strategic Air Command - provided craf t services in support of military facility mainte-1970-nance at various duty stations.

. 1965 - Student - Baltimore Junior College - engineering program.

1966

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CHARLES H. CRUSE EDUCATION:

1976 MSA - Engineering Management, George Washington University 1966 BS - Electrical Engineering, Duke University MILITARY TRAINING:

1969 U. S. Navy Nuclear Prototype 1968 U. S. Navy Nuclear Power School 1966 U. S. Navy Engineering Officer School INDUSTRY TRAINING:

1980 EPRI Human Engineering Seminar, Atlanta, Georgia 1979 IEEE Course for Introduction to Microprocessors 1978 IEEE Course on the National Electrical Code ISA Course on Automatic Process Control ISA Course on Control Valve Sizing, Selection and Specification EXPERIENCE:

BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 1982 - Nuclear Projects Manager - Project Management Department - responsible Present for major modifications to the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, including the addition of a third Auxiliary Feedwater Train, Appendix R,

-10CFR50, Fire Protection Modifications and Three Mile Island Long Term Lessons Learned Modifications.

- Electric Engineering Department 1981 Chief Mechanical Engineer - responsible for administration of mechanical engineeririg and instrumentation and controls engineering support of additions and modifications to BG&E Electric Generating Facilities.

1978 - Principal Engineer -Instrumentation and Controls Unit - responsible for 1981 supervision of instrumentation and controls engineering support of additions and modifications to BG&E Electric Generating Facilities.

1975 - Senior Electrical Engineer - Generation and Bulk Power Engineering

.1978 Unit - responsible for electrical design for additions and modifications to BG&E Generating Facilities, primarily at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant.

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l 1974 Start-Up Test Supervisor - Nuclear Fuel Unit - responsible for on-shift testing during initial start-up of Unit 1 of Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant.

1971 - Engineer - Generation and Bulk Power Engineering Section - responsible 1973 for electrical design for additions and modifications to BG&E Generating Facilities primarily at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant.

U. S. NAVY 1969 - Electrical Division Officer - Reactor Officer and Qualified Engineering 1971 Officer of the Watch. USS Long Beach CGN-9.

1966 - Electrical Division Officer and Qualified Engineering Officer of the Watch.

1968 USS Independence CVA-62.

PERSONAL DATA:

Registered Professional Engineer, State of Maryland Member; IEEE Power Engineering Society

THOMAS E. MEYERS EDUCATION:

1939 BE - Electrical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University EXPERIENCE:

BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY Electric Engineering Department 1974 - Senior Engineer - Instrumentation and Controls Unit - responsible for Present engineering design of additions and modifications to BG&E Generating Facilities including Main and Auxiliary Control Boards for the Brandon Shores Fossil-Fired Power Plant and major system modifications to the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Annunciator System, and indirectly caused regulatory change necessary to provide capability for meeting NRC requirements with respect to TMI Short Term Lessons L - :ned Modifications.

1973 - Senior Engineer - Generation and Transmission Substation Unit -

1974 Responsible for electrical control design at the BG&E Brandon Shores Fossil-Fired Power Plant.

WOLFE AND MANN MANUFACTURING COMPANY 1939 - Achieved position of Chief Electrical Engineer responsible for manufacture 1973 design of instrumentation, relaying, and equipment control systems.

PERSONAL DATA:

Senior Member - Institute of Electrical and Electrenic Engineers Member - IEEE Power Engineering Society i

Past Member - Instrument Society of America c

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KENNETH G. TIETJEN

' EDUCATION:

1982 AA - Business Management, University of Maryland MILITARY TRAINING:

1965 U. S. Navy Nuclear Prototype 1964 U. S. Navy Nuclear Power School INDUSTRY TRAINING:

1974 Qualification, Senior Operator, AEC License 1973 C. E. Plant Simulator Training, Windsor, Connecticut 1971 Calvert Cliffs Formal Training Program, Qualification Training Fuel Handling Supervisor EXPERIENCE:

BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 1974 - Senior Reactor Operator - Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant -

Present responsible for operating reactor plant units one and two as licensed under facility license Nos. DPR-53 and DPR-69 for all modes of operation.

Participated in Hot Functional Training prior to actual commercial operation of the first unit to be placed on line performing as qualified Fuel Handling Supervisor and Fuel CEA Level 1 Visual Inspector. From 1979 on, primary - responsibilities have been to provide systems knowledge for technical support of piant maintenance, modification, and study efforts related to operations.

1970 - Operator Trainee and Calvert Cliffs Operations Support - obtained 1974 corporate training qualification as roundsman and control room operator.

Provided administrative assistance in generation of original Calvert Cliffs system descriptions, operation and test procedures, performed auditing functions of plant construction and operations prior to start-up.

U. S. NAVY 1969 -- Reactor Operator - USS Ben Franklin 1970 1967 - Engineering Watch Supervisor and Reactor Operator - USS Grant 1969

.1966 - Leading Electronics Technician - USS Buchanan 1967 1965- Resctor Operator - USS Halibut 1966 i- ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ -- -