ML20128D983

Applicant Exhibit E-66,consisting of Limerick Generating Station Offsite Training Program,School Officials Training Module

ML20128D983
Person / Time
Site:	Limerick
Issue date:	11/28/1984
From:	PECO ENERGY CO., (FORMERLY PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC
To:
References
OL-A-E-066, OL-A-E-66, NUDOCS 8507050232
Download: ML20128D983 (49)

Text

{{#Wiki_filter:__ -,. -. - _ - - -. - - _ _ _ ~ _... ~ PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC COMPANY } LIMERICK GENERATING STATION l i O i OFF-SITE TRAINING PROGRAM l SCHOOL OFFICIALS TRAINING MODULE l Instructor Note INTRODUCTION l This training module is designed to familiarize school Slide - Limerick l officials with the concepts upon which emergency (35 R) j planning for the protection of school children and l staff is based. School officials will also be made j aware of their specific responsibilities in the event i j that an accident should ever occur at the Limerick j Generating Station. l i j Response procedures must be implemented for both Slide - Disaster natural and man-made emergencies. Today's society Collage (435) Q faces many potential hazardous situations that were ~ ~[ ~ f j ~ not as prevelant with past generations. Fortunately. \\ { f pre-planning for response to emergency situations } };r 1 1 can alleviate confusion and direct individuals and/or agencies on effective response to these hazardous

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a j (situations. Today we will discuss your school l district's emergency response to an emergency situa-N l tion created by an event at the Limerick Generating. Slide - Topics of i Station. This discussion will be divided into four Discussion (37E) i four general topics. i A brief description of a Bolling Water Reactor. l { Radiation and its effects. r l l } Emergency planning and response enncepts. 1 0 ] kDR IM52 1 10/10/84 G PDR i. 4

{ r Instructor Note j l O i An overview of the emergency response plan. II. CONCEPTS OF A NUCLEAR POWER STATION .A. Nuclear Reactor Concept and Design 1. Tne nuclear-electric power plant produces com-Slide - heat-mercial electric power using the conventional to-steam (32-0) I heat-to-steam method. The energy source, l however, is the nuclear fuel contained within the nuclear reactor. Basically, the nuclear fuel in the reactor core provides the heat to turn water into steam which turns the electric l turbine generator that produces the electri-(keep brief) i city. The reactor, serving as the furnace, provides the environment for the generation of r O a t throusa ta riisiaa proc si-Ta riisiaa siide - riisica process involves the splitting of atoms and process (32 C) { results in the release of energy. t 2. The initial reactor core weighs about 100 Slide - pellets (32 E) tons. The fuel contained in the core is Slide - fuel rods (32 F) slightly enriched uranium dioxide which is in Slide - fuel i the form of small cylindrical pellets. These assembly (32 G) pellets are placed in thin metal tubes to form fuel rods. A number of fuel rods bundled together make up the fuel assembly, a number l of fuel assemblies make up the reactor core. The core is contained in a massive Note: Stress 61/2 inch thick steel cylinder, known as the differences reactor vessel, through which cooling water between reactor

flows, and bomb.

O v. 2 10/10/84 1 ? l

l Instructor Note 3. The two most common types of commercial l reactors used in the United States are the j pressurized water reactor and the boiling l water reactor. The basic difference is the primary coolant system. I a. The Limerick Generating Station is a Slide - BWR boiling water reactor. The boiling water (32 P) reactor primary cooling system does not i employ a heat exchanger. Instead, the water is permitted to boil in the reactor l Vessel. The steam generated in the reactor vessel is fed directly to the turbine-generator which converts the O taer ai eaerse or the stea= to oiti=>teix electrical energy. I b. In both types of reactors, the cooling Slide - cool-water that flows through the cooling ing towers 'j towers is isolated from the primary system (35S) i water; therefore, it contains,no, radio-o activity other than the natural radioactivity present in all water. B. Reactor Safety Features 1. Equipment and instrumentation continuously Slide - Control I conitor >ind indicate plant conditions. Tne Room $1mulator information from the equipment and instruments (3b C) is provided to the control room operators through visual and audible means and to the O reector's comooter exite= eieceronicaiix-l l 3 10/10/84

Instructor Nnte O The enmputer system is designed to auto-l matically activate reactor safety systems at the first sign of an unsafe condition, Additionally, control room operators can l l manually manipulate safety systems in the event of computer failure. l If the plant has a problem, the first priority Slide - Control is to shut down the nuclear reaction. rods (32 W) Basically, this is accomplished by the raising of control rods into the core. The control rods absorb neutrons. Neutrons cause fission to occur. By absorbing all of the neutrons, tne reaction is stopped. Control rods can be inserted into the core automatically by the reactor computer system or manually by the O overators. Once the reaction is stopped, it is still necessary to keep the reactor core cool. i Heat is still being generated by the highly Il l radioactive fission products in the fuel. i in addition to the primary means of heat removal (the turbine), there are backup systems provided to remove heat from the core and provide cooling water in the event the primary system f alls. 2. All reactor safety systems which provide protection for the public have backups. An example of this design philosophy is the cultibarrter concept used to contain the Slide - Multibarrior radioactive fuel. The fuel is contained in Concept (32 R) !O 4 10/10/84

Instructor Note O the fuel rods; the fuel rods are contained in the steel pressure vessel; the vessel is i surrounded by the steel and concrete primary Slide - Limerick containment; which is contained within a Containment secondary containment. For the radioactive Building (35 B) fuel to reach the public all the barriers--the rod, the vessel and both containments--must be breached. I C. Previous Nuclear Reactor Safety Problems i i j 1. The " defense in depth" philosophy is one j reason the nuclear industry (when compared 1 to other co mercial industries), has a relatively safe history. However, safety I systems can fall and accidents happen. This O is a emerseacy piamaiao is aecessars-r l 2. The incident at Three Mlle Island received a Slide - TMI (32 M) great amount of media coverage. The Three Mile Hedia Coverage il t Island Unit 2, through a series of mechanical ,I failures and human misjudgments, experienced i damage that resulted in a minor release of radiation that amounted to less radiation than that of a person smoking two packs of cigarettes in a lifetime. The accident began when a blockage occurred in Slide - PWR (32 B) a transfer line to a resin regeneration tank. schematic This blockage caused a loss of condesate flow (Presentationof that lead to a trip of the main feedwater pump, this material At that point the turbine also tripped. Auto-depends upon the matically, the emergency feedwater pump started; make-up of the 5 10/10/84

Instructor Note O however, since the line was blocked, it could audience. Explain not deliver the water to the steam generators. or point out on schematic all The loss of feedwater to the steam generators equipment mention-caused the primary coolant water to become ed in narrative.) hotter, and therefore, increased the pressure to such a degree th.it the pressurizer relief valve opened. High reactor coolant pressure caused the control rods to trip. The control room operators then realized that the emer-gency feedwater block valves were closed and opened the valves thus restoring the flow of coolant water to the steam generators. The insertion of the control rods slowed down p the rate of fission and reduced the pressure. A At this point, the pressurizer relief valve V should have closed but it remained open. As the coolant continued to discharge through the { pressurizer relief valve, the primary coolant 'I pressure decreased. In addition, the coolant was being discharged into and filled the drain l tank in the bottom of the containment bull.ilng. A rupture disk burst in the drain tank and the primary coolant flowed to the containment building sump. Another error occurred when the operators cut back the high-pressure injection system that had begun pumping borated water. The operators were unaware that a loss of coolant accident was in progress and considered the use of the emergency core cooling system to be O 'aaaaraar' ate-6 10/10/84

instructor Noto i The two reactor coolant pumps were turned off ' Je to severe vibrations that occurred because l the pumps were then handling steam instead of l pressurized water. A bubble formed in the l core leaving uncovered fuel. While a portion of the core was uncovered, the zirconium l cladding became very hot and melted. Simutane-ously, conditions produced a large amount of hydrogen. l The operators finally isolated the open relief valve and began efforts to provide coolant to the core. Primary coolant was inadvertently pumped from the containment surrp to auxiliary building j Q lower levels--severely contaminating the auxiliary building and allowing releases to atmosphere via auxillary ballding ventilation. If anyone is interested in discussing, in more detail, how and why the accident occurred, we i will be glad to do so at the end of the train-ing session. t l 3. Prior to this accident, many people were t convinced that accidents such as this could not happen. However, since the accident at Three Mile Island, public officials, and the nuclear industry as well, have realized the heightened need for protecting communities located near reactors. 7 10/10/84

Instructor Note OV 4 DJring the last two years, many advances have Slide - Industry been implemented to better protect the safety Safety Improve-of the nuclear reactors and community ments (32 5) i residents. a. Development of comprehensive plans

• Comprehensive regarding the utility's and communities' plans response to an accident. These plans were
• Training Programs l

proven effective during response to the

• Designed Reactor incident at the Ginna Nuclear Steam Genera-Safety Features j

tion plan located outside Rochester, NY.

• Communications

] Systems b. Implementation of training programs for j utility employees and community emergency ] response organizations. O c. Provisioa or aeditioaai reactor safety aention Crystai features. River, Failed PORY d. Development of conmnications systems to notify public officials and alert the general public of possible accidents. i i I INTRODUCTION TO RA0!ATION Prior to a discussion of your school's response plan, we will discuss radiation and its ef fects on the body. Within a decade after a type of radiation known as Slide - X-ray X-rays came into use in the late 1890's, it became Nachine (10 H) apparent that this type of radiation could be either beneficial or harmful, depending upon its use and control. It also became apparent that protective 8 10/10/84

l i f Instructor Note measures were necessary. Although the term Slide - Types of l " radiation" is very broad and includes such things Radiation (10.1 0) l as visible lig5t and radio waves, it is most often used to mean " ionizing" radiation that may cause Explain "lonizing l . biological changes. Radiation" l A. Types of Radiation There are various types of ionizing radiation: l alpha, beta and ganna radiation, X-rays and l neutrons, each with different characteristics. Atoms that emit these kinds of radiation are said to be radioactive. Should a radiological Slide--radioactive release ever occur at the Limerick Generating (100) Station, public officials would be mainly con-I cerned with the following types of radiation. 1. Alpha radiation consists of positively charged Slide--alpha particles and is emitted from naturally occur-(10Q) { 4 ring elements--such as, uranium and thorium as i well as from some man-made elements. Alpha i radiation will just penetrate the surface of f the skin. It can be stopped completely by a sheet of paper. However, the potential hazard I that alpha-emitting materials present is due to the possibility of their being taken into l the body by breathing or swallowing along with food or water. l 2. Beta radiation is a small negatively charged Slide--beta particle similar to an electron. It is more (10 R) penetrating than alpha radiation and can pass through 2 millimeters of water or human flesh. 9 10/10/84

Instructor finte O A sheet of aluminum a few millimeters thick can s*op beta radiation. Reta radiation can cause damage to the skin similar to a burn but cannot penetrate through the skin to af rect internal organs unless it too is taken into the body tnrough breatning or swallowing. l 3. Garca radiation can be very penetrating. It Slide--gamma (105) can pass through the human body but would be almost completely absorbed by about 40 inches Slide - comparison of concrete. Dense materials such as concrete of alpha, beta l and lead are often used to provide shielding and gamma (10.1 II) against gamma radiation. Gamma rays are very j similar to X-rays. l 3 Exposure occurs when an object or person is Q subjected to radiation. Exposure does not e contaminate. ,t 4 Contamination is radioactive material where it $lide - Radioactive i is not wanted. If someone were to become Mat. vs. Radiation contaminated, they would be exposed to this 10.1 C I contamination until it was removed--normally through washing with soap and water. B. Terms Used in Measuring Radiation There are a number of terms used when talking about radiation. We will cover those that are commonly used for emergency planning purposes and for discussing the biological effects of radiation on the human body. ' O 10 10/10/84

Instructor Note O 1. Radiation: Exposure to radiation results in Silde - Watch and what is called a radiation dose. However, Calendar (10.1 C) as in the case of coffee, brandy or medicine. the offects of a dose of radiation depends l upon how much is received, the length of time over which the dose is received and in which l part of the body the dose is received. For I example, a single glass of whiskey can be drunk and no significant side effects exper-tenced. But what ef fects would drinking ten glasses have? Among other things, one would need to know whether they were consumed over 20 minutes or 20 days. 2. A roentgen is a unit of measurement of radia-Slide - roentgen tion present in the air (amount of ionization (10N) O of the air). 9 3. Frequently, you will hear the term REM (Roentgen Slide - rem Equivalent Man), which is the amount of radiation (10-0) i absorbed by living tissue. (A normally a person receives approximately 10 rems during the course of his/her life.) The REM (Reontgen Equivalent Man) is simply a way of expressing radiation in terms of its impact on humans. 4 Although these terms have specific technical Slide - 1 Roentgen

• j differences, for offsIte purposes these 1 Rem (10 K) l terms can be used to mean the same thing.

5. One last term we will be using is the prefix Slide - 1000 millirem milli, usually in the term milliren. Millt 1 Rem (10 L) is a prefix used in the metric system. One O 11 10/10/04

Instructor Note t lO thousand milli equals one. Therefore. 1,000 Slide - comparison of millfrems equal I rem. Measurements given in radiation levels l millirems usually involve low levels of radia-(TM! vs. nuclear l tion. attack) (10.1 A) I IV. PLANNING CONCEPTS i l Radiological response planning concepts, such as Emergency Planning Zones (EPZ) and protective actions, have been developed to minimize radiation exposure to the public if an accident were to occur at the Limerick Generating Station. L A. Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) The area surrounding a fixed nuclear facility for Slide - explaining O whicn Piaaaias is aeeded to easure that Pro,t aad PEP an iEP Eel's. f effective actions can be taken to protect the public (144) in the event of an accident. There are two types Explain plume. of Emergency Planning Zones utilized in Radiological i Emergency Response Plans. 1. Plume Exposure Pathway EPZ - approntmately 10-Slide - Map 10 mile mile EPl. Limerick EPZ 1 ($4A) A ten mile radius surrounding a nuclear plant i site where the principal exposure sources are from: i a. Whole body enternal exposure to ganm radiation from the pluw anti from i deposited material, and O 12 10/10/84

Instructor Noto ! O b. Internal exposure from breathing or swallowing radiation natorials from the passing radioactive plume. 2. Ingestion Exposure Patnway EP2 - approximately I bO-mile EPZ. 4 t A fifty-mile radius surrounding a nuclear plant site where the principal caposure sowce would be from the eating or drinking of conta4 nated water or foods such as milk, fresh vegetables ) or fish. 2 i V. PROTECTIVE RESPONSE OPTIONS FOR THE PLUME EXPOSURE Slide - Protective PATHWAY EPZ Actions (15.1D) i

0 taosa acticas t *.n to avoio or reoece a proa ct o dos.

1 of radiation. The selection of a particular protective l action depends upon the conditions of the emergency. I I A. For the general public i i ( 1. Sheltering Slide " Sheltering" l (16C) l a. If this action were reconnended, the public would be advised to leek shelter in a perma- ) nent, reasonably airtight structure, such as a house, connerical building or office building. The public would be Instructed to Slide - Closing close doors and windows and to reduce out-Windows (15.1F) side air intake from heating or cooling i systems. iO i 13 10/10/84

l Instructor Noto lO b. Persons traveling by motor vehicle in the Slide - Persnn in j rist area will be advisad to close winJows Car (!b.1 G) I and vents and to turn of f heating or Cooling i S/ stems. l l 2. Selective Evacuation Silde - Selective Evacuation (13.1A) a. Selective Evacuation is a protective action that provides for the evacuation of specific elements of the population l such as pregnant women, pre school children ( and the chronically ill. These people l warrant special consideration because of Silde - High Hist their susceptability to radiation induced Individual injury or need additional time to evacuate. (15.1E) O 3 Evacuation Slide - General Evacuation (15.18) l a. Evacuation is a protective action which may l be reconnended to the resident and non= F 1 resident populations. When an evacuation is recommended, all menbors of the pubile j will be advised to leave the risk area until it has been determined that all danger has passed. b. Although County ComissIoners and nunicipal 511de fraffIc offIcfals can recommend an evacuation, the (15H) l Governor has the ultimate authority to order an evacuation of any risk area should such an OVacuation hecnme necessary. 14 10/10/d4

Instructor Noto q V c. Evacuation Concepts Slide - Evacuation Concepts (56 y) l Spontanacus Evicuatton u l l The evacuation of members of the i general public on their own and prior to the recommendation or order of public officials. Although an evacuation of the general public surrounding Three Mlle Island was never recommended by public was never recomended by public officials. certain studies estimated that 48-b21 of the general public evacuated with-Q out being instructed to do so by officials. Spontaneous evacuation l may substantially reduce the amount of people who would later need to be I evacuated. Main Evacuation Routes Inose roadways identified in advance 511oe - EPZ w/ as the principal routes to evacuate Main Evacuation people from the risk are. Specific Routes (b4B) evacuation routes would be announced at the time. Local conditions would determino actual evacuation routes to be used. But drivers will use i these routes to got out of risk area and then will proceed to host school O 15 10/10/84 i

Instructor Note or reception center. (Indicate routes appropriate to area.) Pick-Up Points Tnose predesignated locations at which inembers of the general public without automobiles or other means of trans-portation will be provided with transportation out of the risk area. If' assigned pick-up point run, driver wili receive a map from transportation staging area to Municipal EOC. Someone f amiliar with area will board bus and direct around area to pick up residents. O 'r "'c caeteai ra< => Those' locations on main evacuation Slide - Traffic routes that would be staffed by Control / Access

t local police or the State Police Control Points i

in order to provide ease of access (54C) { and continued inovement of traf fic. f Accast Control Points G Those predesignated locations staffed by local police, the State Police, or i by the National Guard in order to prevent entry into the risk area during i an accident. inese points will be located 6n or innediately beyond the boundary of the risk area. Check O 16 10/10/84

Instructor Note points will stop all people from entering an area, except residents. Host Schools for Students Slide - Mass Care Concepts ($6 S) Those places where school students and Slide - Host staff will be evacuated to and later Schools / Mass reunited with their families. Care / Reception Center (54 0) Reception Centers Tnose predesignated sites outside the risk area at which evacuees will be directed to shelters if they need a O piace to stay. eict-og runs wiii so through reception centers to mass care. Mass Care Centers i Those facilities established outside the risk area at the time of an acci-dent for the purpose of providing food, lodging and medical care on a short-term basis for persons evacuating the risk area. Evacuees and their vehicles will be monitored and decontaminated if necessary. O 17 10/10/d4

ll . f1 3 it i a x Instructor Note m 4 i;. s Central Resource Receiving Points Slide - Emer-gency Worker j j A location outside the risk area suit-Concepts (56 R) ' 'able for receiving and distributing supplies and equipment. Slide - E.W. Map (54 F) Transportation Staging Area 4, 1 'A designated location from which trans-portatio% resources are coordinated and/or dispatched. These are located on each of 5 major access roads into the area: I } s ? I Rt. 422, Rt. 100 (Berks) i Rt. 100 (Chester) i "i '.h Rt.63,Rt.309,Rt.'363/202)[ (Montgomery) D Nk*

- p,

'.gc s + Thisisthepointwherebutd(ivers j + will report to receive detailed-information and re-assignments. 1, 't a Decontamination Station ~ f4 A facility located just outside the-'t -risk area where emergency workers undergo any necessary decontamination monitoring or decontamination. 's

4. ' Response Concepts

.a..If. schools'were required to evacuate, ) students located within the 10-mile EPZ ' ^ 18; d 10/10/84 A ~ ~;y

[ Instructor Note O would be bussed directly to host schools to await pick-up by parents or guardians. b. Students attending public, parochial and non-profit private schools will be provided with transportation to the host schools. Private vehicles will not be required to evacuate students. District policy for the use of private vehicles will prevail. c. All students within the 10-mile EPZ will be moved at one time. Priority will be given to those schools closest to the Limerick Generating Station. Designated school faculty / staff will j "j d. Q accompany students being evacuated to}ost 1 schools in the buses or in their private ^-{ vehicles. Designated faculty / staff will 4 remain at the host schools with the. I students until the students are picked up 2 by parents / guardians in accordance with 1 District policy. 1 e. Students who live within the 10-mile EPZ but attend school outside the EPZ will remain at their schools until picked up r by their parents / guardians. 'i f. If_ any students have not been picked up by 8 p.m., they would be provided with meals and lodging either at the host School or at a mass' care center. Parents / O 19 10/10/84

M, Instructor Note

O guardians would be notified as to the location of their children.

j g. The contact person for public, parochial and privata non-profit school officials -is the County School Services Officer located at the County Emergency Operations Center. The County E0C, which is located in , is the location to which county officials would report to coor-dinate response activities. h. The contact person for all other educa-tional facilities, including day care centers, is the Municipal Emergency Management Agency Coordinator located at Q the municipal Emergency Opera 1! ions Center.

q 5

Public Alert / Notification System j l, a. If an accident were to occur at the LGS, Slide - Siren !{ i emergency public information activities (18 H) [ would be initiated to inform the public 5 of the nature and severity of the accident.- Emergency public information will be coor-dinated through news releases by the State, in' addition to facility and key response organization spokespersons. b. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires a that a warning system be installed around ) i .every operating' nuclear power plant. The . system must provide the capability for d' / 20 10/10/84

Instructor Note alerting and providing information to residents of the plume exposure pathway EPZ. c. The public alert / notification system refers Slide - EBS Radio to sirens primarily for the alert and the 18 I Emergency Broadcast System for notification Slide - EB; system of the general public. Monitors, mobile 54E loudspeakers, and other special provisions for alerting supplement the sirens for public alert. d. The siren is designed to alert the population 200 sirens will be at risk to tune to their Emergency Broadcast installed by PEco System (EBS) for important emergency informa-They will be placed f tion. THe sounding of sirens does not mean on top of 50-foot ) that the public should take shelter or utility poles. O evacoete. Tae sireas oais-iaoicete that Tae sireas iii r people should turn to the EBS for information rotate and can or instructions. each be heard for h a distance of e. Specifically, this system has been designated about 4,000 feet. f for the capability to provide both an alert. Installation will i signal and an informational or instructional begin about Feb. 1, message to tne population throughout the plume 1983, and should exposure pathway EPZ, within 15 minutes. be completed by July 1, 1984. f. Philadelphia Electric Company, following Cost of the system discussions with County and State officials, will be about $4 will purchase sirens to be installed as the

million, alert portion of the public alert /notifica-tion system.

O 21 10/10/84

Instructor Nate O g. The siren system would be activated frcm County Offices. The siren system would produce a 3-5 minute steady tone and would be sounded to advise persons living, working or traveling in risk portions of the County to tune to the EBS stations for further information. h. Should any of the sirens fail to sound, the system would indicate County officials. Route alert teams would then be dispatched to provide public alert through the use of public address systems or bullhorns. 'i. County officials would activate the public -1 alert / notification system. ? O 31

j. After the activation of the alert / notification d

syste;a, the County, in coordination with' the State, would provide continuing emergency i public information through a County Public Information Officer to be located at the County's Media Center. k. If conditions change, the public alert /- notification system would again be activated for the purpose of disseminat-ing such recommendations to the public. -l. During the next several months, both Philadelphia Electric Company and County officials will be conducting a public -education program. The public alert /- 0 22 10/10/84

Instructor Note p) notification system concept will be extensively discussed throughout the public education program. j B. Specifically for emergency workers (bus drivers entering the 10-mile EPZ) 1. Radioprotective Drugs Slide - Radio-protective Drugs Should a release occur at the power plant, (15 F) officials would be concerned about the presence of Iodine-131, a radioactive form of iodine. All iodines--radioactive and non-radioactive--tend to be absorbed by the thyroid gland. 4 O

a. 'Radioprotective drugs are substances which tend to saturate the thyroid with non -

radioactive iodine,' thus reducing the thyroid gland's ability to absorb a radio-i active iodine which'could be released during an accident. Potassium fodide I (chemical symbol KI) is a substance that may be used for this purpose. ~ i b. Radioprotective drugs could be recommended for emergency workers or institutionalized persons witnin tne plume exposure pathway -EPZ at the time of an accident. These d' rugs are administered in a tablet form. Those bus drivers who are entering or re-entering an evacuating area would be given potassium iodide tables to help protect h their thyroid glands. 23 10/10/84 s

Instructor Note 0 -2. Limitation to Duration of Exposures Slide - Limitation to Ouration of a. Limitation to duration of exposure in an Exposure (15 E) identified risk area involves the use of self-reading dosimeters. These self-reading dosimeters allow the user to continually check their dosimeter to determine the amount of exposure they are receiving. b. Limits would be imposed for the amount of exposure that individuals would be allowed to receive, c. Any bus driver entering a reentering an evacuating area would be given two self-Q reading dosimeters, as well as a thermolu- -{ minescent dosimeter that would be read by officials at the end of the emergency. 3. Respiratory protection is an action which Slide - Respira-could also be used by emergency workers, t'ory Protection I (15 D) When respiratory protection is recommended, emergency workers would be advised to cover their' noses and mouths with handkerchieves, cloth, or other protective materials,'and to limit air intake from heating or cooling systems if they are in an enclosed area. O. 24 10/10/84

Instructor Note 4 Double Clothing Slide - Double ' Clothing (1b.1 C) a. Double clothing is a protective action which can be used by itself or in conjunc-tion with other protective actions. b.- If recommended, workers would be advised to use such clothing as rain gear, turnout gear, boots or galoshes with pant legs tucked in, winter coats with collars turned up, gloves, hats, etc., to provide protec-tion by minimizing skin and street clothing / uniform contamination. 1 i VI. PROTECTIVE ACTION GUIDELINES Slide - PAG's t (14 F) l O The uaited States Eaviroameatei erotection A9eacy has developed Protective Action Guidelines (PAGs) to assist local and state officials in making the decisions as to what protective actions should be recommended at certain projected levels of radiation. The guidelines were developed and intended to be used soley as guidance. Other factors such as weather and highway conditions must also be considered in addition to the Protective Action Guidelines. The guidelines developed for the General Public will be applied to school children, however, consideration will be given to providing an increased level of protection to school children when time and circumstances permit. O 25 10/10/84 ~ g

. ~.. Instructor Note l A. ' General Public. or School Children Slide - (14 I) 1. Whole body projected dose of less than 1 Rem, or thyroid projected dose of less than S Rem: l a. No immediate action necessary. e b. A sheltering or selective evacuation advisory may be considered. 2. Whole body projected dose of 1 to less than Slide - (14 d) 5 Rem, or thyroid projected dose of S to less than 25 Rem: i a. Sheltering will be reconsnended as a minimum f in affected areas along with respiratory { h protection if appropriate. b. Evacuation will be considered and may be j recommended. l; t c. Access control will be implemented for areas identified at risk. 3 Whole body projected dose of 5 Rem and above', ' Slide - (14 K) or thryoid projected dose of 25 Rem and above: a. Evacuation will be recommended in-affected areas. A b. Sheltering and respiratory protection will be recommended alternatives if evacuation is not.immedfately feasible. ' 26 - 10/10/84

t Instructor Note i 1 c. Implement access control for the entire pluce exposure pathway EPZ. l VII. INCIDENT CLASSIFICATIONS 1 Proper protective actions undertaken during an emer-Slide - Incident gency depend upon the seriousness of the incident at Classifications the power plant. (2 K) a It is the responsibility of plant personnel to provide accurate information-to county and state officials concerning the level of the incident classification. The four incident classifications are: I i i A. Unusual Event: A m'inor change has Slide - Unusual t - O occurred la tae aormai tveat (2 c) plant operating proce-I dures. No release of. { radioactive material is ( expected. ' Alert: An abnormal plant condi-Slide - Alert B. tion exists and very small (2 E) amounts of radiation may be released. C. Site Emergency: Plant functions needed to Slide - Site protect the public may Emergency (2 G) fail. Releases of radio-active materials are expected to be in small - amounts. O 27 10/10/84 1 m,_., a.

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Instructor Note ,~ V 0. General Emergency: A threat to the general Slide - General public either currently Emergency (2 I) exists, or is likely to occur in the near future. VIII. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SCHOOL IN SESSION) A. Unusual Event Slide - (52 A) 1. Plant personnel would immediately notify county and state officials if an Unusual Event were declared. 2. School administrators would not be notified of an Unusual Event and no actions would be expected of school officials. ,_U B. Alert 1. The County School Services Officer located at i the County Emergency Operations Center would notify School District Superintendents and ensure that private school officials are notified. Municipal emergency management officials would confirm notification. 2. School District Superintencents would: Slide - Super-intendent (52 B) a. Ensure that school district telecommuni-cations equipment is operational. (~') u.- 28 10/10/84

A Instructor Note .b. Notify all school building principals i within the district. i c. Notify school transportation providers to: I 1 (1) Place drivers on standby. 1 l. l j (2) Inventory and ready transportation equipment. i j (3) Review transportation assignments /

maps, i

i 1 l (4) Fuel and maintain transportation i vehicles. f O (s) erovide ror priority. intenance or l -vehicles, i i I .(6)' Report unserviceable vehicles to the f -i i : .Superintendcnt. i f f d. Order district-wide cancellation of: l (1) Special activities (2) Extracurricular activities 4 4 l (3)- Intramural / interscholastic sporting f events '(4). Competition

10.

4 29 10/1U/84 j.- i

Instructor Note T() (5) Club meetings (6) Class trips (7) After school activities e. Monitor EBS announcements. a f. Receive any applicable redundant notifica-tion / confirmation. 3. Risk school building principals would: 3 Slides - Principals (b2 G) S a. Ensure immediate update of student attendance and class rosters. l O

e. ogdete rosters every a hours.

] c. Report attendance to Superinten' dent i three times each day. i t d. Cancel special activities as ordered by f the Superintendent. e. Assure preparation of the building for sheltering, coordinating with school maintenance / security _ personnel: (1)' Fuel and test support systems. (2) Secure entrances / exits / windows. (3) Review food service capabilities. 30 10/10/84

Instructor Note O (4) Instruct staff to prepare shelter activities / equipment. (S) Report unmet needs to the Superinten-

dent, f.

Request the school nurse to inventory special student medical supplies /needs and advise of any resource requirements. g. Review situation and RERP procedures with appropriate staff. i h. Recall volunteer staff and dismiss appro-f priate staff such as pregnant women and j single parents. i-Q ' [', } -l 1. Receive confirmation of Alert from Municipal EMA Director (via telephone). k i i C. Site Emergency 6 +

1. ' Response j

a._: School District Superintendents would, upon -Slide - School receipt of notification from the County District Super-Emergency Operation Center: intendent-(52 C) (1) Complete all procedures outlined for Alert. (2) Report to the District administrative office. O 31 10/10/84

Instructor Note .O V (3) Further notify school transportation providers to: (a) Prepare buses / vehicles for evacua-tion. (b) Priority repair out-of-service vehicles. (4) Confirm host school building locations / evacuation routes (as provided by the County Emergency Operations Center with building principals. (5) Authorize implementation of emergency staffing including dismissal o'f' pregnant .O steffisingie parents, as apgrot siate. i I (6) Report unmet needs to County School Services Officer. l (7) Receive applicable redundant notifica-I tion / confirmation. (8) Monitor EBS announcements. b. Risk School building principals would, upon Slide - School -notification by the Superintendent or the ' Principals County Emergency Operations Center: (52 H) (1) Complete all procedures outlined for Alert. .O 32 10/10/84

Instructor Note 0 -(2) Confirm resources necessary for shelter-ing, reporting unmet needs to Superin-tendent (coordinate with maintenance / security, food service and nursing personnel). (3) Assure distribution of authorization for student pick-up forms and other supplies. (4) Initiate emergency staffing and excuse / dismiss staff as ordered by Superin-tendent. (5) Receive confirmation of Site Emergency 1 fromMunicipalEMACoordinatorivf,aJ I 'O teiephone). L e >,1 ,m c i D. General Emergency 9 e i 1.

Response

Slide - (52 D) I a. School District-Superintendents would, upon-receipt of notification ~from the County Emergency Operations Center: (1) Complete all procedures outlined for ~ Alert and. Site Emergency. (2) Order school transportation providers to mobilize for. completion of preplanned assignments. O 33 ~ 10/10/84

Instructor Note O (3) Confirm positioning of buses / evacuation vehicles and assignment of ARES mobile l units, reporting unmet transportation needs, received from building princi-l pals, to the County Emergency Opera-tions Center. (4) Provide protective action reconsnenda-tions to building principals. (S) Monitor EBS announcements. (6) Establish designated temporary District [ headquarters. (7) IF EVACUATION IS RECOMMENDED: ~ Slide --(S2 F) Q ' ' r? (a) Monitor evacuation process / $hlter- ~ ing, reporting unmet needs'to the County Emergency Operations Center I i and direct that bus / vehicle drivers l . completing evacuation assignments f report to the assigned staging areas or contact the E0C by radio / telephone. l (b) At 8 p.m., order closing of host schools and coordinate movement of-students to designated. locations-(i.e., mass care centers). (c) Request that building principals reduce staff at host schools, as .O V appropriate.. 34 -10/10/84 i-

Instructor Note (Q (d) Excuse building principals / staff upon completion of student pick-up. (e) Receive student evacuation records and remain in contact with the County Emergency Operations Center to provide census information as required. (f) Receive applicable redundant notification / confirmation as applicable. (8) IF SHELTERING IS RECOMMENDED: Slide - (b2 E) Q (a) Coordinate sheltering of students attending school in the EPZ. (b) For 8 p.m., coordinate. Red Cross i activities to establish mass care capability at the schools hosting students awaiting dismissal. b.' - Risk School building principals _would,'upon Slide (b2 I) notification by the Superintendent or the agreed upon designate, the County Emergency Operations Center: -(1) : Complete all procedures' outlined for Alert and Site Emergency.

O 35-10/10/84

4 Instructor Note ii ' O (2) Immediately suspend any non-classroom special activities, practices, etc., not previously cancelled and recall students to campus or to a designated location outside the EPZ, as directed 1 by the District Superintendent or the County Emergency Operations Center. j (3) Receive confi mation of General Emer-4 gency from the Municipal EMA Director j (via telephone). (4) UPON RECOMMENDATION TO SHELTER: Slide - (52 J) j (a) Notify all school faculty and staff. O (d) easure taat ii outside activities are terminated and all personnel f moved to predesignated shelter I areas. ( s ~(c) Direct maintenance / security staff or assigned individuals to: i (1) Shut down heating / ventilation / y air. conditioning systems. t (ii) Ensure closing / locking of.all exterior doors / windows.- .(fii) Move students to areas of the ~ j - building providing the most. shelter from outside environ-O- 36 10/10/84 4 l _,z m r-. -.w ..,4 y,.7, ..,.. t ,i--*-.>rw-e+- , -r

Instructor Note p, s. I ment, as appropriate. Note: Have students place dampened j clothes over nose and mouth, h as directed by the County ? Emergency Operations Center. l (d) Direct food service personnel to: i i (i) Secure area to extent possible. (ii) Assemble water and snacks in shelter areas. (iii)- Assemble food / snacks for an 3 8 p.m. schedule. (e) Direct administrative' personnel to: i 4 (1) Secure all personnel records and student files as for week-end departtre. i (ii) Take attenaance records to j shelter areas. L (iii) Take attendance "authoriza-l tion for pick-up" forms to shelter areas. l (f).. Direct teachers or classroom moni-tors to:

-O

-37 10/10/84 i.

i. Instructor Note I O U (i) Close all windows in classroom. (ii) Maintain discipline / order. i~ t (iii) Verify classroom attendance and take attendance record to shelter area. 1 (iv) ' Check non-classroom areas for students. I i I (v) Secure required materials for predetermined' shelter area activities. of u

• ~E #""

j

.4:

1 (g) Direct school nurse to: j.. i' i (1) Augment resources as needed.-

• l 4

(11) Secure student health records, i J j (iii) Assemble required health i supplies in shelter area. 1 (h) Determine status of unmet transpor-- tation resources and inventory buses available, notify superin-tendent of unmet needs. 4 j.h 38 10/10/84 5

instructor Note . f}. (i) Assure administrative staff and maintenance supervisors prepare schools as they would for a regular weekend; closing all windows, locking doors, locking files and closing outside ducts or air intakes. (j) Do not dismiss students into the EPZ. (k) Cooperate with the County E0C, Superintendent, and Red Cross to I establish a mass care center at

the school, should the shelter advisory require.

(5) UPON RECOMMENDATION TO EVACUATE:' Slides - (52 K) f i (52 L) (52 M) (a) If not sheltered, assure updated I attendance. (b) If sheltering, students are to be reunited with their assigned . faculty member and attendance updated. (c) Non-cancelled special activities should be immediately terminated and student attendance taken and records completed.. O 39 10/10/84

1 Instructor Note I (d) Initiate orderly movement of stu-dents to transportation vehicles and monitor loading and seating of students / staff. Assure telecom-munications capability of at least one transportation vehicle assigned, or obtain an ARES mobile 4 unit through the County E0C to accompany vehicles. I i-(e) Provide drivers with maps to host a schools / reception centers, as required. 1 (f) Provide drivers accompanying stu- [ . dents to non-cancelled special !O eveats (~'ta'a erz ar aetsias cez) ~ I directions to host school or ^ reception center, as appropriate. 1 ~ i; l (g) Assign staff to accompany students i in each transportation vehicle. (h) Direct unassigned staff to accom-pany buses in their private ) vehicles. l 4 (i) Provide staff with appropriate attendance records assure record-ing of students in each vehicle. a (j) Supervise movement to host school, - notifying County E0C via telecom-i O moaicetion or gro9eess/ pro 8iems. i 40 10/10/84

Instructor Note (O (k) Upon disembarking in an orderly fashion, verify student attendance and provice attendance records to school staff. (1) Assign staff to remain with stu-dents at host school until all students in staff's charge are picked up by parent / guardian or until relieved by other staff or instructed to leave. (m) Provide staff " authorization for pick-up records" and direct that completed lists / records be returned. (n) Report status of student pick-up to Superintendent every hours. i (o) Af ter 8 p.m. and if students remain I to be picked up by their parents or legal guardians and an order has been received from the District Superintendent; assign staff and accompany remaining students to designated location, (i.e., mass care center). (i) Initiate orderly movement of students to transportation vehicles. 41 10/10/84

T Instructor flote V (ii) Assure that host facility is secured. (iii) flotify Superintendent that host school is closed / secured. (p) Upon arriving at designated mass care center and disembarking in an orderly fashion, verify student attendance and provide attendance records to center personnel. (q) Assure that staff remain witn stu-dents at predesignated locati(n, i.e., mass care center untti all students in staff's charge are { picked up by parent / guardian or j until relieved by other staff, instructed to leave, or are assigned to after duty. i (r) Report completion of student pick-9 up to Superintendent and arrange to provide Superintendent pick-up/ attendance records. 1 (s) Excuse remaining staff and provide Superintendent a means of future contact - for receipt of reentry

orders, o()

l 42 10/10/84

Instructor Note O IX. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SCHOOLS NOT IN SESSION) A. Unusual Event No action required. B. Alert 1. School District Superintendent will,'upon receipt Slide - School of notification from the County Emergency District Super-Operations Center. intendent a. Notify and brief school' building principals in the risk area (includes private, non-profit schools). 3-i ~ b. Order District wide cancellation of::4 j. (1) Special activities I (2) Extracurricular events (3) Intramural / interscholastic sporting events (4) Competitions ($) Club meetings (6) Clas; trips (7) After school activities O 43 10/10/84

_ _ ~ ./ l Instructor Note c. Monitor EBS announcements. d. Receive applicable redundant notification / ) con fi rmation. 1 2. Risk school building principals will, upon Slide - Sch50'l receipt of notification from the Superintendent: Building Prin-cipals a. Cancel / terminate special activities ordered by Superintendent. b. Review RERP procedures. ^ Receive confirmation of Alert from Munic1 pal c. EMA Director (via telephone). I Q d. Notify any groups or individuals occupying A the' school building, requesting that all non-district employees vacate the building. ,f .( ,i 'C. Site Emergency' j 1. Complete all procedures outlined for Alert. r f j 2. A recommendation to keep schools closed would be Slide - School made by PEMA/PDE and be provided to Superinten-District Super-f dents through the County Emergency Operations intendent Center. 3. Tne Superintendent would, upon receipt of.notifi- ? cation from the County. Emergency Operations / Center: ~ !O ~ 77 44 -10/10/84 4 ._.,-['.._ e'-

Instructor Note o a. Implement the decision, notifying parents / guardians and staff utilizing normal District procedures, supplementing appropriate EBS announcements. b. Notify all building principals of all public and private schools of the decision to keep schools closed, and brief them of the situation. c. Receive applicable redundant notification. f d. Monitor EBS announcements, i -4 {i 4. Risk school building principals would, upon Slide - School receipt of notification'from the Sup' rin ', Building Prin-

l e

. O teadeat: ci ai P ';'1 av 3 a. Provide the Superintendent their personal evacuation location and means of contact, l-i and assure that their own building is secured and vacated; imme'diately cancelling l any activities. I b. Receive confirmation of Site Emergency from Municipal EMA Director (via telephone). c. Notify key faculty, department heads and i. supervisors'of the cancellation and direct notification of faculty / staff. 2-s J l O 45 10/10/84 i

Instructor Note D. Gsneral Emergency 1. A decision to keep schools closed will be made by the Governor /PEMA/PDE/the County and be 1 provided to Superintendents through the ' County Emergency Operations Center. 2. Complete all procedures outlined for Site Emergency. 3 c-3. Superintendent will, upon receipt of notifica-tion from Chester County DES. l-a. Establish designated temporary District-headquarters. [. ~ ~

b.. Receive applicable redundant. notification.

~ gy -, w t . c. ; Monitor EBS announcements.- ? f 4 Risk School Building principals would, upon receipt of. notification from the Superinten-dent: .- a. Assure notification of faculty / staff / drivers i accompanying students to special events (inside/outside the EPZ) to terminate activity and provide instructions / route to designated location, i.e.. mass care center, should evacuation be ordered or to a . designated location outside the EPZ should J. j 3 sheltering be in effect.

/-

"O 46' 10/10/84 e s 1 e 4 7 m-

~. Instructor Note !~ O

b...Receiye confirmation of General Emergency frou Municipal EMA Director (via telephone).

X. REC 0VERY A. Recovery involves the returning of the community back to normal. Recovery efforts could involve long periods of time depending upon the severity of the accident and the protective response implemented, t B. Based upon information provided by the power plant and state officials, county officials would decide i whether to relax protective actions.. If protective l . actions were relaxed, the recovery phase would be-initiated. ~ jt - ' s $, - .= C. School Response i e 1. The County School Services Officer would' notify I 'the Superintendent of the decision to reoccupy the evacuated area. -l 2. The Superintendent would direct that buildings be-inspected for reoccupation by the building principal and that deficiencies be reported to the Superintendent. 3. The Superintendent will report unmet needs to ~ the County School Services Officer, coordinate necessary repair / resupply and keep accurate. -records of costs incu red. O l 47 10/10/84

Instructor Note (~'/) ~_ l 4 The Superintendent would, based on information l received from PEMA/PDE through the County E0C, t decide to reopen District school (s) and communi-l cate this decision to building principals. b. Parents / faculty / staff will be notified of the decision to reopen schools using normal media / information procedures, supplementing appro-priate EBS announcements. 6. Superintendent will monitor daily attendance at reopened schools until attendance returns to pre-incident levels, providing summary atten-dance reports to the County EOC. t ~1 s l%J 4d 10/10/84 l}}