ML19326C132

Biological Evaluation of Air Curtain.

ML19326C132
Person / Time
Site:	Arkansas Nuclear
Issue date:	02/26/1976
From:	ARKANSAS POWER & LIGHT CO.
To:
References
2222, NUDOCS 8004210630
Download: ML19326C132 (71)

Text

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IHIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS

• POOR QUAL.lTY PAf BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AIR CURTA*E AT UNIT 1 ARKANSAS NUCLEAR ONE l

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ARKANSASP.O. POWER Box 551

& LIGHT COMPANY

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February 1976 BooA210(30

.[ TABLE OF CONTENTS '

Section Title Page FOREWORD lii SUMMA RY xi I INTRODUCTION I-l II DESCRIPTION OF ARKANSAS NUCLEAR ONE, II-l UNITS 1 AND 2 III DESCRIPTION OF DARDANELLE RESERVOIR III-l IV AIR CURTAIN LITERATURE SURVEY IV-1 A. GENERAL IV-1 i B. HYPOTHESIS IV-2 C. CHRONOLOGY IV-3

1. Int ro dt. -tio n IV-3

2. Laboratory Experimentation IV-3 7 3. Operational Experience IV-6

-( 4. Summary IV-13 V TEST DESIGN AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY V-1 A. AIR CURTAIN TESTING PROGRAM V-1 B. AIR CURTAIN TESTING PROCEDURAL DESIGN V-3 C. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND PROCESSING V-4 D. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS V-6 E. OPERATIONAL VARIANCES V-6 l F. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS V-6 l

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VI RESULTS AND DISCUSSION VI-l A. GENERAL VI- l B. TOTAL NUMBERS AND BIOMASS IMPINGED VI-3 C. SPECIES COMPOSITION VI-6 1 D. INDIVIDUAL SPECIES VI-10 l

1. Threadfin Shad VI- 10

2. Gizzard Shad VI-15

3. Freshwater Drum VI- 17 i

4. Channel Catfish VI- 25

5. Blue Catfish VI-31

6. White Crappie VI-35

7. White Bass VI-39

8. Other Species VI-45 i ,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD) ']

Section Title Page VII IMPINGEMENT DURING AIR CURTAIN TESTING VII-l IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS A. TURBIDITY VH-1 B. WATER TEMPERATURE VH - 3 C. OTHER PARAMETERS VII-8 VIII CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATICNS VUI-l A. CONCLUSIONS VIII- 1 B. RECOMMENDATIONS VIII-2

1. Biological Study VHI-2

2. Alternative Structural Design VHI- 3 IX CITED LITERATURE IX-1 7

APPENDIX TABULATED DATA ILLUSTRATIONS Figure De sc ription Page I-2 Location of Arkansas Nuclear One, Units 1 and 2, on I- 2 Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas 11- 1 Plant Arrangement for Arkansas Nuclear One, II- 2 Units 1 and 2, on Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas II-2 Photogrsph Showing Portion of Intake Canal toward II- 3 Arkansas Nuclear One II- 3 Photograph Showing Portion of Intake Canal toward U-3 ,

Lake Dardanelle '

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- e O ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTD) 1 Figure Description Page II-4 Water Current Velocity Profile at 20 Ft and 50 Ft in U-4 Front of Air Curtain, 11 December 1974 II-5 Plan of Air Curtain at Mouth of Arkansas Nuclear One H-6 Intake Canal, Dardanelle Reservoir H-6 Schematic of Air Curtain in Intake Canal to Arkansas H-7 Nuclear One II-7 Six Air Compra,ssors Providing Air by Way of H-7 1 Manifolds to One Pipe Leading to Air Curtain I

II-8 Photograph of Air Curtain at Head of Intake Canal II-8 III-1 Arkunsas River and Adjacent Waters Showing Lock and HI-l l Dam System and Dardanelle Reservoir l V-1 Air Curtain Testing Program Schedule at Arkansas V-2 Nuclear One, Unit 1, for 1974-1975

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V-2 Schematic Showing Traveling Screen System and V-5 Fish Collection Hardware at Arkansas Nuclear One,  !

Unit 1 VI-I Total Numbers and Biomass of All Fish Species VI-4 j Impinged per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal l 1

Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 l VI-2 Percent Composition of Fish Species Impinged during VI-8 ON/OFF Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 VI- 3 Total Numbers and Biomass of Threadfin Shad Impinged VI- 12 l per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-

, August 1975

- VI-4 Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Threadfin VI- 14 Shad Impinged during Air Curtain Testing at

- Arkansas Nuclear One 111 i r

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l ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTD) -

Figure Desc ription Page VI- 5 Total Numbers and Biomass of Gizzard Shad Impinged VI-18 per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 VI-6 Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Gizzard VI-21 Shad Impinged during Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One VI-7 Total Numbers and Biomass of Freshwater Drum VI- 22 Impinged per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 VI-8 Seasonal Length-Frequency l>istribution of Freshwater VI-26 Drum Impinged during Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One VI-9 Total Numbers and Biomass of Channel Catfish VI- 28 x Impinged per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 VI- 10 Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Chancel VI-30 Catfish Impinged by Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One VI-ll Total Numbers and Biomass of Blue Catfish Impinged VI-3 2 per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 VI- 12 Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Blue Catfish VI- 34 Impinged during Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One VI-13 Total Numbers and Blomass of White Crapple Impinged VI-36 per 3-Day Test Perind during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 iv

ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTD)

Figure De sc ription Page VI- 14 Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of White VI-40 Crappie Impinged during Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One VI- 15 Total Numbers and Biomass of White Bass Impinged per VI-42 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 VI- 16 Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of White Bass VI-44 Impinged during Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One VI- 17 Total Numbers and Biomass of Other Fish Species VI-46 Impinged per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 TABLES Table Title Page V-1 Variance in Mode of Operation during Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 21, 1974-August 30, 1975 VI-l Taxonomic List and Percent Frequency of Occurrence VI-2 of Fish Species Impinged during Air Certain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 1, 1974-1975 VI- 2 Statistical Tests for Difference in Fish Numbers VI-6 Lnpinged during On and Off Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 1 VI- 3 Statistical Tests for Difference in Fish Biomass Impinged VI-7 during On and Off Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas  !

Nuclear One, Unit 1

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TABLES (CONTD)

Table ' Title Page VII-l Statistical Tests for Correlation between Numbers VII-4 of Fish Impinged and Water Temperature during On/Off Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One

. VII- 2 ' Statistical Tests for Correlation between Biomass of VII-4 Fish Impinged and Water Temperature during On/Off Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One m

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SUMMARY

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l The Ecological Services branch of Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) was retained by Arkansas Power & Light Company (AP&L) to determine the l efficiency of an air curtain in reducing fish impingement at Arkansas Nuclear l l

One - Unit 1, on Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas. l TI has characterized the species composition and abundance, biomass, and length-frequency distribution of fishes impinged during the four seasonal air curtain test periods and has related these data to selected physico-chemical water and meteorological parameters measured during air curtain j te sting . This report haa evaluated the efficiency of the air curtain in deterring l fish, while suggesting causal relationships, conclusions, and recommendations aimed at mitigating impingement losses at Arkansas Nuclear One.

Arkansas Nuclear One, Units 1 and 2, are located in Pope County,

. Arkansas, 2 mi southwest of the town of London on a peninsula formed by Dardanelle Reservoir. Units 1 and 2 are pressurized water reactors (PWR) with capacities of 836 Mw and 912 Mw respectively. Unit 1, designed for once-through cooling, began commercial operation in 1974. A hyperbolic natural- i draft cooling tower is being constructed for Unit 2, which is scheduled to be on line in 1977. A 0.75-mi-long intake canal carries cooling water to the plant ir :ake forebays. Traveling screens of 3 /8-in. mesh protect these forebays from trash, fish, and other fouling materials.

The air curtain structure is located across the mouth of the in-take canal in approximately 15 ft of water. The canal is approximately 400 ft I wide at its juncture with Dardanelle Reservoir. Four glass-fiber pipes lying side by side on the canal bottom extend for distances of 400, 300,180, and 80 ft respectively. Airholes have been drilled in each pipe at 1-in. intervals start-ing at the far end and progressing toward shore far enough to reach the end of i

the next longest pipe. The effect is a row of airholes extending 400 ft and all vii  ;

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cmitting air at approximately equal pressure. Dardanelle Reservoir is part of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River navigation system extending from the con-fluence of the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers to Catoosa, Oklanoma, on the Verdigris River. The reservoir exhibits seasonal patterns of water tempera-tures, dissolved-oxygen levels, and other physicochemical parameters typical of a southern (temperate) reservoir. Water temperatures range from near freezing in winter to approximately 90*F (32.2*C) in summer. Dis s olved oxygen levels follow a seasonal pattern inversely related to water temperature.

The reservoir cu rently supports a relatively diverse warm-water fish com-munity consisting of 53 species and supports a small commercial fishery and a growing sport fishery.

Historically, small-meshed wire gratings had been utilized as bcrrier-guides to divert fish to bypasses at weirs, da[n spillways, and streams.

The first air curtain devices were used during the 1940's as barrier-guidance cystems at these fish passes. These initial units were only partially success-ful in diverting fish. )

Behavioral studies during the 1950's showed that fish deterrence

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with respect to a r bubbles was a species-specific phenomenon, with certain cpecies 100% deterred and others virtually unaffected.

Experimenters during the late 1960's observed that perception of the air-bubble curtain was entirely visual. Later researchers, however, discovered that a number of senses, including vision, were involved in response to the air curtain, as well as species-specific behavioral characteristics, swim-ming abilities, and environmental conditions.

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Only a few field applications were found, probably owing to the orratic nature and inconclusive findings of air curtain testing under controlled Icboratory conditions. 'At best, however, extant labo ratory and field data are erratic and inconclusive. Results appear to be site- and species-specific and are J cubject to a multitude of interrelated and not completely understood variables, )l si vili

The air curtain at Arkansas Nuclear One was tested during fall and winter 1974 and spring and summer 1975. Testing procedures during each season consisted of six consecutive weekly runs of 3 days "on" and 3 days "off" operation over six consecutive days, with a day between runs. Air and water temperature, percent cloud cover, wind direction and intensity, and rainfall were recorded daily during all four seasonal tests. Water-turbidity measure-ments were less frequent. All reported problems, mechanical failures, and operational va,riances were recorded and considered during data analysis. Sta -

tistical analyses were performed to test for differences between impingement rates during air curtain ON and OFF status and for possible relationships be-tween impingement and water temperature.

Thirty-eight species of fish representing 14 families were col-1ected from intake screens during seasonal air curtain testing from October 1974 through August 1975.

( Numbers of species impinged declined from a high of 29 during A~

the fall to 20 during the winter and rose to 26 species during spring and sum-mer. No discernible differences were observed in the number of species im-pinged during ON/OFF testing.

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Threadfin shad, gizzard shad, blue catfish, channel catfish, white bas s, and freshwater drum were the species appearing in the greatest number of seasonal test runs. White crappie, white bass, and bluegill sunfish )

were taken in the majority of fall, spring, and summer tests but only infre-  !

quently during the winter. Occurrences of the aforementioned species were evenly distributed over ON and OFF tests. No overall seasonal trends could be discerned.

A total of 9,571,922 fish weighing 173,641 pounds was impinged over the entire four-season test period. Of this, 4,930,127 fish weighing

, 90,870 pounds were collected during air curtain operation. This compares b with 4,641,795 fish weighing 82,770 pounds impinged when the air curtain was 1X j

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not operating. Impingement rates for all species combined rose during the in11 and winter to levels of >200,000 fish and 1000 pounds per 3-day period.

Impingement declined through the spring and summer. Highest impingement counts occurred while Dardanelle Reservoir water temperatures remained balow 60*F (18. 3 *C). A comparison of ON/OFF test data revealed no statisti-cally significant differences in numbers or biomass impinged during the fall, winter, or summer. Significantly (a= 0. 05)* higher impingement numbers were observed during air curtain operation in the spring. Significantly (c = 0. 05) higher biomass was impinged when the air curtain was on in five of six spring tests.

Threadfin shad, gizzard shad, blue catfish, channel catfish, fresh-water drum, white crappie, and white bass accounted for the greatest numbers end biomass impinged throughout the study. Threadfin and gizzard shad com-bined contributed the greatest proportion (>95%) of numbers and biomass im-pinged during fall and winter tests. During these seasons, threadfin shad clearly dominated both numbers (> 91%) and biomass (> 88%). No distinct differences in

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cpecies composition between ON and OFF tests were observed during fall or winter. Gizzard shad and freshwater drum dominated spring and summer tests respectively. Some differences in species composition between ON and OFF testing were observed during these two seasons, but these differences did not appear to be significant.

Since threadfin shad contributed the greatest number and biomass impinged over the four-season test period, their overall impingement rates were of major importance. A total of.8,850,744 threadfin shad weighing 159,649 pounds were impinged over the four-season test period. Ove rall, more thread-fin shad were impinged during air curtain operation (4,560,419 fish; (83,732

• Observations were considered to be significantly different when the probability of the observed difference occurring by random chance was less than the es-

, tablished alpha (a) level. For example, a difference considered significant at the a = 0.05 level would be expected to occur by chance less than one time in 20 if no true difference existed. Thus, the probability that a statement of sig- s nificant differences is incorrect is less than the fraction expressed in the l

cipha (a) level.

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pounds) than when the air curtain was inoperative (4,290,325 fish; 75,917 pounds). However, these differences were found to be not significant at the )

a = 0,10 level.

Threadfin shad impingement rates rose during late fall and win- l ter and declined through spring and summer. Highest impingement rates

(> 100, 000 fish and >1,000 pounds per 3-day period) were observed when Dardanelle Reservoir water temperatures ranged between 60*F (15.5*C) and 42*F (5.6 C). -

l During the fall significantly (a = 0. 05) greater numbers and biomass of threadfin shad were impinged when the air curtain was not in opera-tion. No difterences were observed during the winter or summer; however, a greater number of threadfin shad were impinged during air curtain operation in the spring.  ;

[ The majority of differences between air curtain ON/OFF imping. -

ment rates of the other six major species during the four-season test period were indicative of higher catches during air curtain operation.

The majority of the fish impinged over the four-season test period were in the 61-90 mm or 91-120 mm size classes, presumably young-of-the-year or yearlings. Air curtain status did not alter the length frequency of the fish impinged during any test period.

There appeared to be a positive relationship between high impinge-ment and increased turbidity, but the paucity of turbidity data makes this finding inconclusive. Although vision is related to avoidance of the air curtain, other sensory mechanisms are probably involved.

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m Impingement rates for all species combined and for six of the  !

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oeven most heavily impinged species were found to be significantly correlated with water temperatures in Dardanelle Reservoir during fall 1974 and spring 1975. In the majority of cases these significant correlations were negative; i.e. , higher impingement was associated with lower temperatures and lower impingement win higher temperatures. Based on current-velocity measure-ments at the air curtain, and temperature-related fish-behavior data, it was concluded that regardless of air curtain status, even the relatively low water velocities observed at the air curtain overwhelmed the swimming abilities of smaller metobers of moet fish species during late fall and winter. The refo re, the high impingement rates observed during late fall and winter may have repre-sented impingement of passive, moribund, stra'Mr or weaker fish thermally stressed by water temperatures below 60*F (16.3*C).

No other parameters monitored, i. e. cloud cover, rainfall, wind direction and velocity, were directly related to impingement patterns during ceasonal ON/OFF testing. ,

The assumption that there was no significant lag time between a fish passing through the air curtain and being collected on the screens appeared to be true since no significant differences occurred comparing respective days (e. g. , third day on test vs third day off test). The inefficiency of the air cur-tain may have masked lag-time effect.

It is ' recommended that, until industry-wide testing proves the reliability of one or more behavioral screening systems, no further funds or time be expended in testing or installing these behavioral devices at Arkansas Nuclear One.

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( TI recommended that Arkansas Power k Light Company continue to

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evaluate the impact of impingement on the fishery resources of Dardanelle Reservoir through impingcment monitoring and related biological reservoir studies. Only if this evaluation indicates significant biological impact should mechanical screens or alternative mitigation measure be implemented.

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'( SECTION I INTRODUCTION To meet present and projected energy needs, Arkansas Power

& Light Company (AP & L) contracted with Bechtel Corporation (San Fran-cisco) to construct two nuclear-fueled electric-power generating stations (pressurized water reactors) at Russellville, Arkansas (Figure I-1).

Unit 1 is designed for once-through cooling; a hyperbolic, natural-draft cooling tower is being constructed for Unit 2.

A major utility-related environmental concern involved with the withdrawal of once-through cooling water has been the impingement of aquatic organisms, especially fish, on the plant intake screens. In a move

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to avoid or mitigate this impingement r~oblem, which has plagued numerous utilities across the United States and abroad, AP&L contracted with Bechtel Corporation to construct an air-bubble curtain at the confluence of the intake canal and the reservoir before Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1, went online.

Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI), Dallas, Texas, was retained by AP&L on 12 February 1974 to design and implement a statistically valid biological testing program to determine the efficiency of this air curtain in reducing fish imping ement.

In accomplishing this major objective, TI has characterized the species composition and abundance, biomass, and length frequency dis-tribution of fishes impinged during the four seasonal air curtain test periods.

To aid in the understanding and explanation of test findings, these impinge-ment data have been related to various selected physicochemical water and meteorological parameters measured during air curtain testing.

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TI has compared Arkansas Nuclear One air curtain test data with information collected during a comprehensive review of available air curtain literature, a survey of life history information on the fish species most heavily impinged at Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit 1, and studies per-formed by AP&L, Arkansas Polytechnic College, and the Arkansas Game &

Fish Commission on Dardanelle Reservoir.

This annual report principally addresses the efficiency of the air curtain in deterring fish, while also suggesting causal relationships and conclusions.

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SECTION II DESCRIPTION OF ARKANSAS NUCLEAR ONE, UNITS AND 2 Arkansas Nuclear One, Units 1 and 2, are located in Pope County, Arkansas, 2 mi (3. 2 km) southwest of the city of London on a penin-sula formed by Dardanelle Reservoir (Figure II-1). The site encompasses approximately 1164 acres (471.4 hectares).

Both Units 1 and 2 are pressurized water reactors (PWRs) with capacities of 836 Mw and 912 Mw, respectively. Unit 1, which is designed for once'-through cooling, began commercial operation in December 1974. A hy-perbolic, natural-draft cooling tower is being constructed for Unit 2 which is scheduled to be on line in 1977.

Cooling water is taken from Dardanelle Reservoir through a

0. 75-mi (1. 2-km) long intake canal to eight forebays at Unit 1. In 1977, this canal will also carry makeup water to Unit 2, which is supplied by two sep-arate forebays (Figures II-2 and II-3).

Water velocity profiles were mapped along prescribed tran-sects and at pre-determined depths at distances of 20 ft and 50 ft in front of the Dardanelle Reservoir intake canal juncture on 11 December 1974 by the U.S. Geological Survey, and are presented in Figure II-4.

At the confluence of the intake canal and the reservoir, the ap-proach velocity of the intake water is s 0. 3 fps (0.09 m/sec). Water velocity increr.ses to 3.0 fps (0.9 m/sec) at one point within the canal due to reduced canal depth and width. Velocities then reduce to approximately 1. 5 fps (0.46 m/sec) along the remainder of the canal up to the Unit-1 intake screens.

The average velocity across the Unit-2 traveling screens (operational in 1977) will be 0. 34 fps (O.1 m/sec) (Arkansas Power & Light Co. , 1974).

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Each of the 10 forebays (eight for Unit 1, two for Unit 2) is

(. protected from trash, fish, and other fouling materials by means of a 10-ft (3.1-m) wide vertical traveling screen constructed of 3/8-in. (0. 9-cm) wire mesh. There are no fixed screens in front of the traveling screens, only the usual bar racks. The rate of speed of the traveling screens is fixed; however, the pressure on the wash system can be adjusted. The traveling screens are automatically cleaned by wash pumps which discharge into high-velocity spray nozzles, washing away debris as the screens travel past the nozzles. Collected trash is sluiced through a trough into one of two trash grinders located in front of screens 4 and 5; the ground material, plus water, is then discharged in front of screen 2 where it then passes through the screen, through Unit-1 condenser, and out the discharge canal.

Unit l's four circulating water pumps are designed with a total 3

capacity of 762,960 gal./ min (2,887,040.61/ min) [1700 ft /sec (48.1 m3 /sec)].

Cooling water passes through Unit-1 condensers and is returned to Dardanelle

( Reservoir via an effluent canal and 80-acre (32.4 hectares) discharge bay.

(Figure II-1). Blowdown discharge from the Unit-2 cooling tower will add 3600 gal. / min (13,622.41/ min) of warmer water to the discharge of Unit 1, adding approximately O. 5% to the thermal discharge of Unit 1 (Arkansas Power & Light Co. , 1974).

Bechtel Corporation (San Francisco) under contract to AP&L constructed an air curtain at the confluence of the Arkansas. Nuclear One in-take canal and Dardanelle Reservoir, the purpose of which was to deter fish from entering the intake canal proper.

The air curtain structure is located in approximately 15 ft of water, across the mouth of the intake canal, which is approximately 400 ft wide at the juncture with Dardanelle Reservoir (Figure 11-5). four fiber-gla ss pipes (4-in. in diameter) lie side by side (10 in apart, center to center)

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cn the canal bottom for distances of 400 ft (completely across), 300, 180, end 80 ft respectively (Figure II-6). Each pipe is drilled along the upper surface with 3/32-in. air holes, spaced 1 in. , center-to-center, apart.

These air holes are located only in the last section of each pipe. A series of control valves provide approximately equal amounts of air pressure at each hole, thus forming one uniform 400-ft-long air curtain across the mouth of the intake canal.

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Figure II-6. Schematic of Air Curtain in Intake Canal to Arkansas Nuclear One Compressed air for the curtain is provided by six air compres-sors, each with a capacity of 630 cfm at 100 psig. Located onshore, these

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compressors are connected by a system of manifolds and pipe to the four

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pipes making up the air curtain (Figure II-7). The pipeline from the com-pressors to the air curtain is insulated to reduce noise.

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(; Figure II-7. Six Air Compressors Providing Air by Way of Manifolds to One Pipe Leading to Air Curtain g,7 services group

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During the normal operationt' mode, five compressors were ,

I utilized, with one unit serving as a back-r . During operation of the air cur- '

i i Sain, the water surface is actually raised a fe.i inches (Figure II-8).

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II-8 * *"I* *

• 8 "" P

SECTION III DESCRIPTION OF DARDANELLE RESERVOIR Dardanelle Reservoir (Figure III-1) is part of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River navigation system which extends from the confluence of the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers to Catoosa, Oklahoma, on the Verdigris Rive r. The reservoir surface coverage varies between 34,000 and 36,000 sur-face acres (13,891.5 n .d 14,013.0 hectares) with a shoreline length of 315 mi (506.8 km) at a pool elevation of 338 ft (103.0 m) (Arkansas Power & Light Co. ,

1974).

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Figure III-1. Arkansas River and Adjacent Waters Showing Lock and Dam System and Dardanelle Reeervoir III-1

4 The reservoir's maximum' volume since being filled was 502,000 acre-ft on 5 June 1974 at a pool elevation of 338.45 ft (103.16 m) above mean sea level; minimum volume since being filled to the bottom of the power pool was 415,000 acre-ft on 13 October 1969 at a pool elevation of 335. 8 ft (102. 4 m).

The Arkansas River at Dardanelle Reservoir, over the 34-yr pariod extending from 1923 to 1957 (Army Corps of Engineers), produced an average daily discharge of 34,260 ft 3/sec (969. 56 m 3/sec) or 24,820,000 acre-ft/ year (maximum, 52,206,000; minim um , 5,354,000). During that pariod, the maximum daily discharge was 683,000 ft 3/sec (19,328. 9 m3/ sec) on 13-14 May 1943 and the minimum daily discharge was recorded at 400 ft3 / sec (11. 3 in3/sec). The lowest flow on record was 43 ft3/ sec (1. 2 m3/3 c} ,

in December 1970.

Major tributaries (Figure III-1) contributing to Dardanelle )

Reservoir include Six Mile Creek, Horsehead Creek, Spadra Creek, Cane Creek, Big Shoal Creek, Big Piney Creek, and the Illinois Bayou.

Dardanelle Dam (Lock and Dam 10) is 259 mi (416. 7 km) up-l stream from the mouth of the Arkansas River and is the first of four dams with lift capabilities to 54 ft (16. 5 m), including storage for hydropower; con-ctruction of this dam was initiated in 1957 and commercial generation began j in 1965. The minimum and maximum pool elevations behind Dardanelle Dam are 336 ft (102.4 m) and 338 ft (103.0 m), with a normal power generation storage capacity of 2 ft (O. 6 m). Power generation is based on the mean daily inflow equaling mean daily outflow within the 336 to 338-ft limits. The four hydroelectric generating units at Dardanelle Dam produce a total power output of 124,000 kw (124 Mw).

III-2

Dardanelle Reservoir exhibits seasonal patterns of water tem-peratures, dissolved-oxygen levels, and other physicochemical parameters, typical of a southern (temperate) storage reservoir. Water temperatures '

range from near freezing in winter to about 90'F in summer. Dissolved oxygen levels follow a seasonal pattern inversely related to water temperature (Arkansas Power & Light Co. , 1974). The reservoir currently possesses a relatively diverse warm-water fish community consisting of 53 species, rep-resenting 18 families of fish, and supports both a small commercial fishery i

and growing sport, fishery. '

I

1 For a more detailed characterization of the physicochemical makeup of Dardanelle Reservoir, see the AP&L Environmental Report for Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 2, Vol.1,1974.

l III-3 l

N SECTION IV t

~

AIR CURTAIN LITERATURE SURVEY A. GENERAL Behavioral experiments involving the reaction of fishee to various response-evoking stimuli such as cold and warm temperatures, dis-solved oxygen, light, forage, predators, etc. , are auite numerous in the lit-e rature. The great majority of these studies, however, were not designed specifically for so1ving the fish impingement problem which has been plaguing the power industry.

Section 316(b) of the 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act l requires that:

". . . the location, design, construction, and capacity l of cooling water intake structures reflect the best

{ technology available for minimizing adverse environ-

. mental impact. "

In response to this requirement, utility companies have closely examined those few studies involving fish reactions to stimuli that appeared to act as deterrents and/or guiding mechanisms. Further, numerous utilities have initiated "in-house" or funded fish behavioral studies in the hope of dis- l covering ways to minimize the chances for serious damage to the local and/or migrant fish community through entrapment and/or impingement at plant in-take structures.

Fish responses to solid physical barriers (traveling screens, fixed screens, perforated screens, drum and disc screens) and reactions to behavioral barriers (sound, illumination, electricity, louvers, chains, jets of water, and curtains of bubbled air) have been evaluated at a number of test facilities and plant sites (USEPA,1973).

IV-1

In consonance with the major objective of evaluating the effi-ciency of an air curtain for deterring fish at Arkansas Nuclear One, Texas Instruments has conducted a case history review of this device's past per-formance under both laboratory and actual operational conditions. To this and, our survey has been directed specifically to air curtain test results.

Mention of other behavioral screening metaods are included only when per-tinent to the discussion of these experimeatal data.

The results of this survey are presented in the following sub-cections:

e The basic hypothesis behind the air curtain device e Chronology of air curtain experimentation, involving both laboratory testing and plant-related operational experience B. HYPOTHESIS Fish behavior can be described simply as taxa, directed re-cetion or directed movement in response to a stimulus. Such behavior is in-duced by either extrinsic physical and/or chemical stimuli or by intrinsic bio-logical factors. An air curtain is one of a series of essentially behavioral screen-like devices, which, by giving off both visual and tactile stimuli, makes use of a fish's behavioral response, i. e. , avoidance of an apparent physical barrier to deter or guide the fish from a potentially unsuitable area.

Basically, an air curtain consists of a length of tubing or pipe perforated by a series of air jets or air holes supplied with forced air from electrically powered compressors and arranged to provide a continuous cur-tain of air bubbles over an entire water body cross section (USEPA,1973). Its cffectiveness depends upon a fish reacting voluntarily or involuntarily to the cir bubbles released by the bubbler device. This response, in turn, is acted IV-2

upon by a succession of internal and external factors such as species specific distribution patterns and abundance levels, behavioral differences, ambient natural and/or man-made environmental conditions, and competing or over-riding stimuli.

C. CHRONOLOGY

1. Introduction Historically, small meshed wire gratings had been utilized as barrier-guides to divert fish to fish passes (Bramsnaes, Mogens and Otter-strom, no date) at weirs, streams and hydroelectric dam spillways. On large streams and at hydroelectric dam spillways, however, the need for con-stant maintenance and the reduction of water flow due to clogging by water-borne debris proved these devices to be both costly and inefficient. What was needed was a barrier and guidance system which would regulate the passage

( of fish, yet not diminish power generating efficiency.

2. Laboratory Experimentation Successful diversion or deterrence of a fish species has been shown to depend primarily upon the ability of that particular species to re-spond to the stimulus employed. This response is in part linked to the fish's i sense of sight and touch together with its lateral line, which all interact to determine the orientation of the fish (Bibko, Wirtenaa, and Kueser,1974).

The first air curtain devices were designed to act as barrier-  !

guidance systems to assist fish in locating the mouths of these fish passes (Bramsnaes, Mogens and Otterstrom, no date). Engineers and biologists at the laboratories of the Royal Technical College of Copenhagen, Denmark, collaborated on the testing of a barrier made by " veils of air" formed by small bubbles rising from a perforated tube placed on the test chamber bottom.

IV-3 l

l 1

In laboratory tests on four species of fish [6- to 35-cm rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnari) , 35- to 40-cm carp (Cyprinua carpio),10- to 50-cm pike (Esom sp. ) Ol '

s I and 70- to 80- cm eels (Arguilla arguillall it was found that at water current velocities from 5 to 15 cm/sec, the barrier effectively diverted carp and pike.

Trout, however, passed through apparently unaffected. It was concluded that the veil of air was partially successful in diverting fish. Further, it was sug-  ;

1 gested that the effects of the veil of air would be greater in stagnant than in run-ning water, where the veil (to some extent) would be affected by the water current.

Behavioral studies conducted by Brett and Mackinnon (1953) using chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tahapytscha), indicated that sudden flashes of bright light were successful in diverting them, while air bubbles had no effect at all. Other studies cited by B rett and Mackinnon (1953), however, ohowed that fish deterrence with respect to air bubbles was a species-specific phenomenon, with certain species 100% deterred and others virtually unaffected.

Studies performed by Bates and VanDerWalker (1969) were -

cimed at designing an effective low-cost method of guiding and collecting juve- -

nile salmonids from irrigation and power plant intakes as well as streams and rivers. It was felt that the methods employed in sound, light, and electricity deterrence technologies were not successful enough to warrant field applica-tion. They therefore explored the areas of water and air guidance systems during 1963-64 in a specially designed test flume at the Carson National Fish Hatchery, Carson, Washington. Test results indicated that at temperatures be-tween 7. 8 -11.1 C (46-52 F), maximum deflection (90%) occurred during daylight hours at a screen approach velocity of 1. 9 fps; night tests, however, produced little (10-30%) or no guiding effects. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the air-bubble curtain in deflecting downstream migrants was a function of the fishes' ability to see it. This ability would be obviously decreased during the night or in areas of high turbidity. Preliminary experiments using artificial lights as an illumination source at the location of the air curtain failed to im-prove its nighttime efficiency. These last two findings precluded the curtain's use as a functional barrier to downstream migrant r,almonids. -

i IV-4 I

[ Also linked to apparent sensory response limitations are those conditions fostered by ambient environmental factors such as water tempera-ture, which can alter or completely change existing response efficiencies with respect to any particular fish species (Bibko, Wirtenan and Kueser,1974).

Behavioral screening systems rely on the swimming ability of the various spe-cies to avoid the artificial stimulus. Swimming ability, in turn, is related to species and size within species differences. This swimming ability is also known to be significantly affected by temperature, with markedly reduced swimming ability demonstrated in the colder winter months (USEPA,1973).

Research conducted at the Edenton National Fish Hatchery, Edenton, North Carolina, during December 1973, sought to assess the influ-ence of water velocity, direction and temperature on swimming behavior of 3-to 8-in. striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and 10- to 14-in. gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) , and to determine the efficiency of an air curtain and intense illum-ination as deterrents to fish impingement.

Findings with regard to current velocity preferences showed that fish repeatedly chose a swim path through sectors of low current velocity unless presented with a deterrent. Temperature levels did indeed influence both the physiological state of the test fish and subsequent efficiency of the aR curtain. Young striped bass swimming against a current of 0.7 fps would not cross an air bubble screen with free space between bubble holes of 1 in.(center-to-center) at 4. 5 C (40 F) or 11.1 C (52 F), but became lethargic and drifted passively through the air screen (with the current) at a temperature of 0. 8 C (33. 5 F). Gizzard shad did not cross the air curtain at 11.1 C (52 F) against the current, but continually drifted through with the current at ambient temperatures of 0. 8 C (33,5 F) and 4. 5'C (40 F). It was noted that young striped bass were not deterred at any water temperature if a gap of 5.1 cm (2 in.) or more was allowed in the air curtain screen.

Q.

1 IV-5

Tests on physical placement of the air curtain showed that it l]

was necrssary to place the air curtain no more than 5 cm' (2 in. ) from the test tank floor. When placed any farther from the bottom, it was discovered that the test fish would pass unimpeded under the curtain pipe. .

The air curtain appeared to be equally effective in deterring striped bass when little ambient light was present. This finding tends to cloud the results of Bates and VanDerWalker (1969) that these systems are ineffective under nighttime conditions. It also suggests that other than entirely visual sense mechanisms are involved in the avoidance reaction.

In summary, it was concluded that properly designed fish de-terrent devices such as the air curtain tested by Bibko, Wirtenan and Kaesner (1973) may substantially reduce fish impingement at operating power plants, and may represent a cost-effective alternative to closed system cooling. How-over, limitations placed upon a fish's physiological condition and subsequent -

screen efficiency by ambient environmental conditions such as water tempera-ture, turbidity, current velocity would be shared with all systems which relied on swimming ability of fish to escape an intake (USEPA,1973).

3. Operational Experience Due to the erratic nature and inconclusive findings of air cur-tain testing under controlled laboratory conditions, only a limited number of actual "in the field" applications of this device can be found in the available lite rature.

Smith (1961) applied air curtain theory toward guiding fish, in en effort to increase fishing efficiency of the sardine fishery. He found that herring, because of their skittish and easily frightened nature, were effec-tively guided by an air curtain from deeper waters into bays and shoals and

.).

l l

l. IV-6 l

(x eventually into capture weirs. The guidance mechanism was effective as long as the curtain was moved slowly enough to prevent fright, if predators were not in the immediate vicinity, and if crowding was minimized.

A small but growing number of utilities are considering operat-ing or experimenting with air-bubble curtains along with other behavior-orien-ted screening devices to assess their efficiency in deterring or guiding fish from plant intake structures. Among these utilities sre Consolidated Edison of New York on the Hudson River, Toledo Edison Company on Lake Erie, Wis-consin Public Service Company on the south shore of Lake Erie, Pennsylvania .

Electric Company, Florida Power and Light Co. , Commonwealth Edison in Chicago, and Arkansas Power & Light Co. on the Dardanelle Reservoir (USEPA, j s4 1973). However, many of these results have not been published.

An apparently successful application of air-bubble curtain tech-nology was reported to Florida Power and Light Co. by Maxwell (1973) in his state-of-the-art report on fish diversion (USEPA,1973). The system was in-stalled at a power plant on Lake Michigan in Wisconsin, where the principal fish species involved was the alewife (Alosa pseudohcrengus) , a schooling fish which averages 15-20 cm (6-8 in. ) in length as an adult. Prior to air curtain installation, major shutdowns caused by high impingement of alewives on the intake screens and eventual serious intake now reduction had or urred on several occasions. This air curtain's purpose, therefore, was to repel large schools of fish rather than to stop all individuals. Test results showed that the curtain was equally effective in repelling fish during day'or night. Further, since installation of the air-bubble curtain, only one or two shutdowns due to heavy alewife impingement have occurred during more than four years of operation. l l

Perhaps the longest documented record of air-bubble curtain testing exists at Consolidated Edison's Indian Point Power Plants located on the Hudson River, approximately 42 mi north of New York City. Since Indian Point t Unit I went on line in 1962, impingement of fishes on the cooling water intake g

screens has been a major recurring problem (Alevras,1974).

IV-7 l

During the years immediately following the startup of Indian .

Point Unit 1, several attempts were made to repel fish from the intakes using '

sound, altered light regimes, and an air bubbler. These efforts were all re-ported as unsuccessful (Alevras, 1974).

1 The Indian Point nuclear generating plant (Figure I-1) located on the east bank of the Hudson River [ RM 42. 5 (68 km)] near Peekskill, New York, consists of three nuclear reactors (Units 1, 2, and 3) and associated power-generating and water-circulating apparatus. Licensed capacities for Units 1 and 2 are 890 MW(t) [ net, 265 MW(e)] and 2758 MW(t) [ net, 873 MW(e))

respectively; licease-requested capacity for Unit 3, which is still under con-ctruction, is 3025 MW(t) [ net,1033 MW9e)].

The total water-pumping capacity of all three units is 2,058,000 gpm (7791 m3/ min). Unit I has two 140,000-gpm (530-m3/ min) condenser cir-culating water pumps which draw water through four intake bays located behind .s several pilings supporting a dock. In addition, Unit I has six service water pumps with a combined capacity of 38,000 gpm (144 m3/ min); service water is drawn through all four intake bays. Units 2 and 3 have six 140, 000 -gpm (530-m3/min) condenser circulating water pumps each but, unlike Unit 1, their circulating pumps draw water through only one intake bay. Units 2 and 3 have oervice water pumps with total capacities of 30,000 gpm (114 m3/ min) each.

The service water for these two units, however, is drawn through service-water bays located in the middle of the unit intake structure rathet than through the main intake bays as at Unit 1.

Units 1 and 2 have fixed fine screens [ 0. 375-in. (0. 95-cm) mesh]

ct the entrance of the intake bays and vertical traveling screens [also 0. 375-in.

(0. 95-cm) mesh] behind the fixed screens. Unit 3 intakes have vertical travel-ing screens [ 0. 375-in. (0. 95-cm) mesh] rather than fixed screens, located at the intake openings (Texas Instruments,1974a). ,

l IV-8

The bubbler array utilized at Unit I was composed of two verti-cal rows of horbontal bubblers, with bubblers spaced 4 ft apart in each row.

The lower bubbler was in contact with the river bottom. Additionally, a flex-ible hose was used to fill any bubble-free gaps below the rigid pipe. The inner row of bubblers was 18 in. from the fixed screen; the outer row was 36 in. from the screen. Air was released from each bubbler through 1/32-in. holes spaced on 1/2-in. centers along the pipe. Each bubbler spanned the width of the fixed screen and turned inward at a 90 angle toward the fixed screen to produce an air curtain on the sides of the array. A system of valves permitted control of air flow to the bubblers. A total of 900 scfm of pressurized air was released during initial testing. Subsequent testing was conducted at 400 scfm (Alevras,1974).

l l

A preliminary testing of this air curtain's potential as a fish- i protection device at Indian Point occurred during a 10-day period between February 17 and 29,1972. This array of bubbler pip;s was placed in front of

(~ a single intake forebay at Indian Point Unit 1, and the system tested. Re sults indicated that with the air curtain in operation, this single forebay (No.12) im-pinged the fewest fish of the four intake forebays (Nos.11 through 14) present at Unit 1. However, counts on adjacent forebays (Nos.13 and 14) increased commensurately with the reduction at forebay No. 12. By examination of pre-and post-test data for all four forebays, it was determined that air bubbler operation at forebay No. 12 produced a significant change in the distribution of fish collected at Unit 1 forebays (Aleyras, 1974). The apparent effect of the air bubbler was to reduce the number of fish entering the bay equipped with the air system and divert these fish to the remaining three bays where they were subsequently impinged (Quirk, Lawler and Matusky,1973). It was con-cluded that the air bubbler was influencing the behavior of fish in front of the intake screens, but that a test using an air bubble system across the entire intake was needed to determine if the system was capaM e of reducing the total number of fish collected.

IV-9

While this new system was under construction additional testing of the air bubbler and fixed screen system was conducted at the four intake fore-bays of Indian Point thit I from 16 June 1972 through 16 August 1972. During this experimentation cycle, the fixed screens in front of the travelling screens at forebays Nos.11 and 12 were raised; fixed screens at forebays Nos.13 and 14 remained in place. The air curtain test unit was placed in front of forebay No . 12. The following test results were reported by Alevras (1974):

e Without a fixed screen present, the air bubblers at bay 12 did not repel fish. -

e With the bubbler operating, fish impingement counts increased significantly during hours of darkness at forebay 12, while during daylight, bay 12 collected as many fish with the bubbler operating as without.

e The air curtain did not appear to repel fish, and may attract fish during hours of darkness.

It was suggested that there was a possible confounding effect of removing fixed screens 11 and 12, while keeping fixed screens 13 and 14 in place. Fixed screens at bays 13 and 14 may have diverted fish into bays 11 and 12, causing a higher impingement rate in these bays (Texas Instru-ments,1974a). Texas Instruments (1974a) also proposed that the effectiveness cf the Unit-1 air curtain may have been severely hampered at night by the high turbidities at Indian Point. Bates and VanDerWalker (1969) concluded that an air curtain would be a poor fish deflector in highly turbid water. This conclusion was based on their test results conducted in clear water which chowed lessened diversion rates during hours of darkness. Bibko, Wirtenan and Kueser (1974) however, found an air curtain equally effective duiing day-light and darkness in clear water fiume tests; operational testing at a plant on Lake Michigan showed identical findings (Maxwell,1973). It may be, there-

fore, that there are other than optic-related variables involved in the explana-tion of these increased nighttime impingement rates.

IV-10

i - Subsequent tests were conducted when the fixed screen was re-installed at forebay 12. It was found that the turbulent action of the air curtain rolled fish off the fixed screen, keeping the screen free of fish and debris.

These dead or moribund fish were repeatedly rotated from the screen to the Hudson River and back to the same or adjacent screen (Texas Instruments, 1972).

A complete but temporary bubble system was installed at all four intake forebays of Indian Point Unit I during December 1972. Te sting of this system, however, was not conducted during this month. Standard im-pingement data showed that with the bubblers operating continuously during this month, daily impingement rates were below the numbers expected based upon past experience.

A complete and permanent air bubbler system was installed at Indian Point Units 1 and 2 in the winter of 1972-1973. Unit I was taken off line since th- system was installed and no testing has been conducted to date.

Tests at Unit 2, however, were conducted from 16 February through 2 April 1973.

The Unit 2 air curtain consisted of eight frames, each frame composed of a 4-in.

(10. 2-cm) vertical header, with seven parallel 2-in. (5.1-cm) lateral connections located at 4-ft (1. 2,m) intervals along the length of the vertical header. Each lateral connection supplied two parallel 1. 5-in. (3. 8-cm) horizontal headers.

Vent holes of 0. 03-in. (O. 8-mm) diameter were drilled in the upper quadrants of the headers at intervals of 1 in. (2. 54 cm). Air-pressure indicators were mount-ed in the bottom of each frame. To prevent excessive circulator vibration, air-flow was limited to a maximum of 400 scfm (11. 3 m3 / min)/ main intake bay.

The results of this testing showed that fewer fish were collected on traveling I

screens at Unit 2 intake forebays when the air curtain was on for more than l 10 hours1.157407e-4 days <br />0.00278 hours <br />1.653439e-5 weeks <br />3.805e-6 months <br />. However, it should be noted that these analyses were based on

.n.

IV-11

4 numbers of fish actually collected from the traveling screens. An unknown '

~

number of impinged fish were observed floating away from the fixed screens when the air curtain was on. These fish may have been removed from the acreens by the air curtain and consequently were not collected. The refore, I the counts recorded may have been an underestimate of the impingement at these sc'reens (Texas Instruments,1974a).

Based upon test data from Units 1 and 2, Texas Instruments concluded the following:

e Indian Point air curtains appear to be located at points where approach velocities exceeded the swimming abilities of the fishes, especially during times of low water temperatures (based on data from Unit 2 winter testing).

e Subjective observations indicated that the air curtains re-duced the amount of trash that would have been impinged and collected on the traveling screens, and kept large floating de-

bris (ice and logs) away from the intake structures. es i

e The bubble barrier was apparently effective in controlling '

ice in front of the intake

.I It was suggested that should there be a positive correlation between impingement and trash loads (causing head loss and increased intake

, velocities), the air curtain might indirectly reduce impingement by reducing a

the head loss caused by trash loads. Further, the air curtain might be used as a possible replacement for the warm water recirculation systems which are currently being used to control ice at many existing inst'a11ations.

Results of constant air curtain operation at Indian Point Unit 2 from June through October 1973 indicated reduced impingement rates for this time period when compared to data for previous years. Actual air curtain test-ing however, was not conducted during this time period. Therefore, it is impos-sible to determine if the low counts were the result of the air bubblers or were caused by other factors. '

l IV-12

4

4. Summary The Environmental Protection Agency (1973) has stated that the mechanism of bubble screening was not sufficiently well understood io recommend this device's adoption generally. It was suggested that these types of systems might be experimented with in an attempt to solve localized problems at existing intakes since the costs involved in installing these sys-tems are relatively small. Bibko, Wirtenan and Kueser (1974) agreed that while the costs involved in installing and operating fish deterrent systems are definitely small in comparison with alternative measures, such as cool-ing towers, the potential benefits may be equal to or greater than those which would be realized with alternative methods to once-through cooling.

At best, however, extant lab and field test data concerning the efficiency of air curtains in deterring or guiding fish are erratic and inconclu-sive. Results appear to be both site and species specific, and are subject to

) . a multitude of interrelated and as yet not completely understood variables.

~)

IV-13

, SECTION V TEST DESIGN AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY A. AIR CURTAIN TESTING PROGRAM Seasonal testing of the air curcain consisted of six consecutive weekly runs

• of 3 days "on" and 3 days "off" operation over six consecutive days, with I day between runs. The seventh day impingement results were not used in the analysis (Figure V-1). This program constituted a complete block design with the air curtain at two levels of operation (Level 1, air cur-tain on; level 2, air curtain off), each week constituting a block. Six such blocks (tests) per season were considered to be the minimum information re- ,

i quired for testing purposes. l Arkansas Power & Light personnel were responsible for ac-quiring test dah at the plant site. These data were submitted to TI period-( ically, with fall, winter, spring, and summer tests scheduled as shown in Figure V-1. The months were grouped into seasons as follows:

Fall: September, October, November Winter: December, January, February i

Spring: March, April, May l Summer: June, July, August Testing was cat scheduled during the first month of each season.

During the fall and winter test periods, all intake screens were washed and all fish collected once per day on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday and twice per day on Tuesday and Friday.** All daily washings

~

s A run is defined as six consecutive " test" days, with the air curtain "on" for 3 days ("on" test) and "off" for 3 days ("off" test).

l +e

! The two washings each Tuesday and Friday were for the Nuclear Regulatory

., Commission (NRC) monitoring pregram. The second washing was 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> l V, after the first.

V-1

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, AIR CURTAlh ON AIR CURTAl4 0FF scRau . Assi~c .. .. .. .. . .. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

~

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scRun .Asmic

:  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :

SUMMER Ytsi JULY MFs AUGt51195 air cuRum nsn c "I"I"l"lal2*l"I"l"I'l" ' I ' l ' l

• l ' I ' I 'l 'I ' l "I"I "I"l"l"I" l u l u l nl 2a l n in in lu ln l 2.I nl a l3 l =

AlR CURTAIN ON AIR cudfAIN OFT scRun . Asmic .. . ... . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

j AlfscRtra MOM TO.RIE Asms  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :

Figure V-1. Air Curtain Testing Program Schedule at Arkansas Nuclear One- Unit I for 1974-1975 j .

p' '

i were performed at 0800, with the second washings on Tuesday and Friday at 1600. Catches from the second washings each Tueshy and Friday were ad-ded to the next day's 0800 catch, since these fish would have been collected then had they not been collected at 1600 the previous day.

On days of extremely high impingement during the winter test-ing period,16-hr collections were processed instead of the usual 24-hr col-1ections because of manpower limitations. These data were extrapolated to 24-hr rates for purposes of analysis and comparison.

The practice of performing two screc ' whings on Tuesdays and Fridays was discontinued during spring and summer air curtain tests; rather, all fish were collected once per day, Mondays through Saturdays, at 0800.

B. AIR CURTAIN TESTING PROCEDURAL DESIGN

.(

All screens were washed and all fish removed at 0800 on the first day of the 6-week seasonal test period and disregarded; shortly there- l after, the air curtain was put in operation. At 0800 on the two succeeding consecutive days (first and second day of "on" test), the screens were washed )

and the fish processed. At 0800 on the third consecutive day (end of third day of "on" test), the fish were processed, the air curtain shut down and three r on-secutive days of "off" testing performed, with fishes removed and processed at 0800 on each of the three days. This process of turning the air curtain on or off (depending on the test) shortly after the 0800 washing on the third day continued throughout the six runs. Fish collected at 0800 following each seventh day (the day between runs) were not processed. This overall proce-dure provided clean screens at the beginning of each "on" or "off" test and each run.

l V-3

It was proposed that fish passing through the air curtain when it was in operation might have remained in the 0. 75-mi-long intake canal and

]

not impinged until the air curtain "off" test period, and vice versa. The ac-tual lag time between a fish's entering the intake canal and its subsequent im-pingement on the plant intake screens at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1 is presently unknown. No doubt this time period depends on the species in-volved; the size, behavior patterns, and physical condition of the fish; water temperature and other physicochemical factors; and intake velecity. We assumed that:

1) once a fish is past the air curtain and canal entrance, the lag time is indepen-dent of air curtain status (ON-OFF); and short in relation to the sampling period

2) once a fish is within the canal, only the strongest and/or largest individuals can surpass the 3. 0-fps velocity, "

Therefore, all fish collected at 0800 at the end of a test day were recorded as having passed through the air curta

• during the previous 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />.

C. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND PROCESSING For the 24-hr impingement determination, the 3/8-in, wire mesh vertical traveling screens (Figure V-2) on each forebay were rotated until all fish were removed. The fish were then washed by a high-pressure water wa-h system from the traveling screen into a sluiceway, where they were collected in a wire basket. These fish were separated by species, weighed to the nearest one-tenth pound, and enumerated. If the total catch (before species segregation) was too great to make counting or processing the entire sample feasible, the entire sample was weighed, and a represea-tative subsample was taken. Then this subsample was processed as if it were 3 V-4

A a total sample. Based on total weight of the catch (W), the total weight of the subsample (W' ), and number and weight per species in the subsample, the number and weight per species in the total collection were calculated as W.

1) Total weight per species = subsample weight per species x p W

2) Total number per species = subsample number per species x 7 MESH BASKET ()

~ \(j i

e 4e TRAVELING $CREEN$

=$lE M- -.

Q~ .-

l Sg-

~

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$ UMP

- -'~~~

$ - Q L SLUICEWAY MESH 8ASKET IN PLACE l

1 Figure V-2. Schematic Showing Traveling Screen System and Fish Collection Hardware at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1 l l

l l

l Following the species enumeration and weight determination, I each species was separated into size groups to determine the length-frequency and biomaar composition of the impinged fish; total length (cm) and weight (to the nearest tenth of a pound) were recorded for individual fish. When the num-ber in a species group was low (< 25 fish), each individual in that group was weighed and measured. If the total number (N) in a particular species was 2 25 but s 100, 25% of that group was processed. If the group numbered 2101, V

V-5

25 fish + 1% of N - 100 fish were processed. In certain instances, the upper size ranges of a number of fish species were represented by only a few large '

individuals. To avoid selecting against size classes with few individuals in the subsample, all large individuals in the group were measured before a sub-nample was taken. Percent length-frequency distribution was calculated as the percent contribution made by a particular size group to the entire species.

D. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS Air and water temperature, percent cloud cover, wind direc- -

tion and intensity and rainfall were recorded daily during all four seasonal air curtain test periods; water turbidity measurements were irregular and less frequent. All environmental data collected during seasonal air curtain testing are presented in Appendix Tables A-12 through A-15.

E. OPERATIONAL VARIANCES 1

The operational mode of the air curtain, circulating pumps, -

and air compressors was to remain constant over the 4-season test cycle, as well as during all six runs within any one seasonal test period. Technical difficulties and manpower limitations did occur, however, over the span of each 6-week test. These variations in operational mode or related problems might, in some cases, be expected to influence sample and therefore test validity. As such, all reported problems, mechanical failures, and opera-tional variances are presented in Table V-1 and have been considered dur-ing data analysis.

F. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The air curtain test analysis design comprised a two-way lay-out with two treatments (on/off) in six blocks for each seasonal period (five blocks for the spring test).*

The 6th run during spring testing was invalidated due to irreconcilable vari- ,

j U

ance from normal testing procedures.

V-6

e Table V-1 Variance in Mode of Operation during Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 21, 1974-August 30, 1975 Actual Mode of Operation Date Test Status Normal Mode of Operation and Associated Malfunction FALL TEST Oct 21,1974 Run I, ON test Five compressors operating, Only four compressors operating from 0800 Oct 20 to 0800 Oct 21 1330 Oct 20 to 0800 Oct 21 22 Run 1. ON test Five compressors operating, only four compressors operating from 0800 Oct 21 to 0800 Oct 22 0800 Oct 21 to 0800 Oct 22 24 Run I, OFF test Air curtain off 0800 Oct 23 to Air curtain left on from 0800 Oct 23 0800 Oct 24 until 1000 Oct 23 30 Run 11. ON test Four circulator pumps operating, All circulator pumps turned off at 0800 Oct 29 to 0800 Oct 30 1330 Oct 29, two circulator pumps turned on at 1930 Oct 29 31 Run II, OFF test Four circulator pumps operating, A!! circulatos a turned off at 0820 Oct 30.

0800 Oct 30 to 0800 Oct 31 Two pumps turned on at 1900 Oct 30.

Air curtain turned off at 0815 Oct 30.

NowI, 1974 Run II, OFF test Four circulator pumps operating, All pumps turned off at 0830 Oct 31.

0800 Oct 31 to 0800 Now I Four pumps turned back on at 1515 Oct 31.

7 Run 21. OFF test Air curtain off 0800 Nov 6 to Air curtain turned off at 0900 Nov 6 0800 Nov 7

!! Run IV, On 'est Sample period 0800 Nov 10 to Sample period 0800 Nov 10 to 1100

,- 0800 Nov !!. Air curtain Nov !!; sample not processed.

operating 0800 Nov 10 to

(, 0800 Now II.

Air curtain not operational until 1800 Nov 10.

12 Run IV. ON test Sample period 0800 Nov 11 to Actual sample period from !!00 Nov !!

0800 Nov 12 to 0800 Nov 12.

13 Run IV, ON test All screens washed at 0800 "c reen B not washed until 1300 Nov 13 Nov 13 14 Run IV OFF teet Four circulator pumps operating. Circulator pump A turned off 0240 0800 Nov 13 to 080C Now I4. Nov 14 and turned on at 1000 Nov 14.

All screens washed at 0800 Screens A and B washed at 0130 Nov 14; Nov 14. screens C and D washed at 0620 Nov 14.

All fish discarded.

18 Run V, ON test Air curtain operating, 0800 Air curtain not operating until 1000 Nov 17.

Nov 17 to 0800 Nov 18 21 Run V. OFF test Air curtain off, 0800 Nov 20 until Air curtain not turned off until 0900 Nov 20.

0800 Nov 21 25 Run VI. ON 'est Air curtain operating. 0800 Air curtain not operating until 0930 Nov 24, Nov 24 until 0800 Nov 25 25 Run VI. OFF test All fish collected at 0800 Nov 28 All fish collected at 0800 Nov 28 and dis. j weighed and measured posed of through trash grinder. i WINTER TEST Jan 13, 1975 Run 1, ON test Four circulator pumps operating One circulator pump turned off at 0600 14 and turned on at 1500 Jan 13.

Feb 3,1979 Run IV, ON test Five air compressors on Three air compressors on from 0800 1 4 Feb 2 to 0800 Feb 5. l 5 I 10 Run V, ON test Five air compressors on No air compressors on from 0800 Feb 9 I l b '

V-7

Table V-1 (Contd)

~

Actual Mode of Operation Date Te et Status Normal Mode of Operation and Associated Malfunction SPRING TEST Apr Zl, 1975 Run I. ON test Air curtain operating. 0800 Sample period,1230 Apr 20 to 0800' Apr 21; Apr 20 to 0800 Apr 21 data extrapolated to approximate 24.hr test period. ,

May 26,1975 Run 11. ON test 24.hr test period, ON mode No data: test not run.

29 Run VI. ON test First OFF test period for Run VI Air curtain remained on.

30 Run VI ON test Second OFF test period for Run VI Air bubble curtain rema1Aed on.

Run VI ON test Third OFF test period for Run VI Air bubble curtain turned off 1500 May 30:

te st 1.nvalidated.

SUMMER TEST Jul 21 Run I, ON te st Air curtain operating ac ross End cap detached from third section of air.

22 entire width of intake canal curtain pipe: only three. fourths of bubble curtain operational.

23 Run t, ON test 0800 Jul 22 to 0800 Jul 23 sample Sc reens not washed un;U 1030 Jul 23: data period ON mode extrapolated to approximate 24.hr test pe riod.

24 Run I, OFF test Four circulator pumps operational One circulator pump turned off at 1158 Jul 23.

24 Run I, OFF test 0800 Jul 23 to 0800 Jul 24 sample Sc reens washed at 1030 Jul 23 and at 0800 period. OFF mode Jul 24. Data for Jul 24 extrapolated to approximate 24 hr test period.

25 Run ! OFF test Four circulator pumps operating Only three circulator pumps operational until 0100 Jul 25: four circulator pumps operational from 0100 to 0800 Jul 25. .

)

Several statistical tests were available to test for a difference between the two treatments. The three tests utilized were the paired t-test (exactly equivalent to a randomized complete block analysis of variance F-test with two treatments), the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and the Sign test.

To test fcr a possible relationship between impingement dur-ing air curtain testing with physical parameters (i. e. , water temperature),

three measures of association (Pearson's r, Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau) were applied.

The nonparametric test procedures utilized in the analysis of cir curtain test data followed Conover (1971). The parametric analysis meth-cds are described in Snedecor and Cochran (1967).

J V-8

^

SECTION VI s ,

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. GENERAL Thirty-eight species of fish representing 14 families were identified from intake screen samples taken at Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit I during seasonal air curtain testing from October 1974 through August 1975 (Table VI-1). These numbers compare with a combined total of 53 species representing 18 families collected in Dardanelle Reservoir by all previous i

investigators between 1968 and 1974. Of the species previously reported over that period but not impinged during this study, the majority were either taken only rarely by the other researchers or they were taken in small quan-tities; it is also possible that some of those species previously reported and not represented in our samples were present but not of an impingeable size at the time of our sampling (Texas Instruments, 1975).

.(-

Seasonal numbers of species impinged during air curtain testing declined from a high of 29 during the fall test period to 20 species during the winter, and rose to 26 species during both spring and summer tests. Species numbers impinged with the air curtain on and off displayed no distinct or consistent differences over the four seasonal test periods (Table VI-1).

The principal species which occurred during the greatest number of seasonal air curtain test runs were: threadfin shad, gizzard shad, blue catfish, channel catfish, white bass, and freshwater drum. Oc-currences of the principal species were evenly distributed between ON and OFF tests, and no overall seasonal trends could be discerned (Table VI-1).

White crappie, white bass, and bluegill sunfish were collected in the great majority of test runs during fall, spring, and summer testing, but were in-

/ frequently impinged during the winter tests.

v i

l VI- 1 1

Table VI-1 Taxonomic List and Percent Frequency of Occurrence of Fish Species Impinged during Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One- Unit 1, 1974-1975 Fall 1974 winte r 19 74 5prinp av7 5 Summe r 19 75 Air Air Air Air Certain Cu rtaan Curtaan Cu rtain Scient.Sc Clasetticatten Cornmon Name On Off On Off On Off On Off Lamp re y e-Pe t romy son ad ae tenthyaeyaog easeanema (Girard) Che stnut lamprey 0 S 47 47 Paddle h she s. Polyedonudae Polyodog sprthla (Walbaum) Paddle fs e h 5 0

+

Cars Lepisesteidae fessostene osseus ( Lannaeu s) Longnose gar S 0 0 6 tapisostems platosten e (Rafinesgael Shortnose gar 0 6 H e r ring e = Clupend ae Doroes a enredianie (Lesueur) Cassard shad 100 800 800 too 100 800 83 100 Doresaga resenense (Gunther) Threadfan shad 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Alosa chryeoenlorie (Rahnesque) Skipjack herring 33 Il 5 Il 17 22 Mooneye s-Hiedonadae

1. tosfog aloeoidae (Ra fan e sque) Goldeye 7 7 Mannows and Shinere-Cry ranidae Oprinne earpio (Lannaeus) European ca rp 22 11 5 0 73 73 Caraesias aurutus (Lannaeus) Gold h o h 5 0 sota=igonus aryeolemoos (Mitchall) Colden shiner 17 33 S S 67 67 28 56 PimepAales notatua (Rafanesque) Bluntnose mannow 0 II

1. otivpie girardi(Hubbe 6 Ortenburger) Arkansas river ehaner 20 7 6 6 morropie ear e.eme (Mitchill) Common shaner 0 $

morrepis simha (Cope) Bluntnese shaner 17 5  %

Suc k e r s-Ca tostomada e C.rpeideo cagia (Rahnesque) Rnver carpencher 33 S S3 27 17 0 tesities cyprenellas (Valenciennes) Largemouth buffalofish 7 0 feetcbwe 1sbalma (Rafinesque) Smallmouth buffalonsh 33 28 60 40 11 0

/et$[mNe ths s aeur) Blue catfish 100 800 83 67 100 100 100 100 letalene puneestas (Rahnesque) Channel cath sh 100 94 89 78 100 100 100 100 Pylodiesis olivurie (Rafinesque) Flathead catfish 27 40 39 33

, Istatens wtas (Rahnesquel Black bullhead 22 0 0 11 $3 40 Salve r side s Athe rinidae Latideer4ee ricentas (Cope) Brook asiverside 0 11 seatdia andene (Hay) Mis sissippi silverende 83 89 67 61 33 7 28 17 Temperate waterbessee Percachthyada, wrene ehryotre (Rahnesquel white bass 94 100 5 17 87 80 89 78 '

wrone easseilis (walbaum) Striped base 0 5 0 7 28 22 Se nh ohe s-Ce ntr a rchid a e wieroptema salmoilee (Lacepede) Largemouth bass 0 $ 43 7 33 11 Pt=wrie gigmentatus (Le sueur) Black crappie il 17 5 0 11 6 Pasmorie angularis (Rahnesque) Whste crappie 94 800 33 22 100 100 100 100 t'haenotrytema ploems (Cuvie r) W a rmouth Il 17 33 27 6 22 Lepwie ayanellna (Rafinesquel Green eenhah 50 28 5 5 40 20 It 28 lepate aegalotta (Rahnesque) Longear sunfteh 28 28 5 47 47 39 S 56 lepaia aaerechima (Rahnesquel Bluegill sunfish 72 61 0 0 93 100 100 94 Lep=ie heilia (Catard) Orange spotted aunhsh 22 S S 0 20 20 22 0 Lepwie =ierclophia (Gunther) Redear sunnah 0 5 0 6

( Percadae Perches Pereina capredes (Rahnesque) Logperch 7 7 6 0 D rum a-Scla e nida e Aplodinot=a gmeniene (Rahne sque) Freshwater drum 100 100 50 67 100 100 800 a00 Cichlad e-CA chlida e N!apia op. Tila pta 33 $

Pereestage determlaed by dividing the number of 24 hr samples in which a species occurred by the total number of it-br en/ oil teste run during a given season. ,

s ,j /

VI-2

B. TOTAL NUMBERS AND BIOMASS IMPINGED A total of 9,571,922 fish comprising a biomass of 173,641 pounds was impinged over the entire 4-season (24-week) air curtain test cycle (October 1974-August 1975). Of these totals, 4,930,127 fish weigh-ing 90,870 pounds were collected during air curtain operation. The number and biomass of fish impinged when the sir curtain was off totalled 4,641,795 fish weighing 82,770 pounds. A complete tabulation by individual species, test run, and season is presented in Appendix Tables A-1 through A-4.

Impingement rates during air curtain testing rose during late October 1974, when testing began, through the end of the fall test period (November 30, 1974) (Figur,e VI-1). An increase in impingement rates occur-red during week three of fall testing, raising numerical and biomass impinge-ment levels from less than 10,000 fish and 100 pounds per 3-day period to more than 20,000 fish and 150 pounds per 3-day period, when during this

[ week, water temperatures in Dardanelle Reservoir declined below 65*F (18.13*C). High impingement levels (> 200,000 fish and 1000 pounds per 3-day period) persisted through the remainder of the fall and winter test pe riods. As water temperatures in Dardanelle Reservoir rose from win-ter lows, both numerical and biomass impingement levels decreased through the spring and summer 1975 test periods to levels of generally < 1000 fish l and 50 pounds impinged per 3-day test period.

A cot parison of air curtain ON and OFF test data for fall 1974, winter 1974-75, and summer 1975 revealed no statistically signifi-cant differences in the levels of fish impinged. Both the Wilcoxon test (n = 0.10) and Sign test (a = 0.05), however, revealed a significant differ-ence in the numbers impinged between ON and OFF tests during the spring season (Table VI-2). Figure VI-1 shows slight but consistently greater numbers of fish impinged during air curtain operation during this period.

('

w VI-3

7 10 ON TEST

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-%%.s =

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_ LEGEND 10' O NUMBER OF FISH p l POUNDS OF FISH

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ND - NO DATA. TEST INVAllDATED 3

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10 3 ' ' ' ' ' I I ' ' ' ' ' ' I I ' ' ' ' 'NDI l li i i Ei Ri WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1974 FALL 1975 WlNTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI- 1. Total Numbers and Biomass (1bs) of All Fish Species Impinged per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One. October 1974-August 1975 (Page 1 of 2)

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'. LEGEND 0 NUMBER OF FISH O' '

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• I ND - NO DATA, TEST INVAllDATED 3

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10 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' l ' ' I ' ' ' 'ND l Ei i Ei .i Ei g WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1974 FALL 1975 WINTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI-1. (Page 2 of 2) -

4

}

Table VI-2 Statistical Tests for Difference in Fish Numbers Impinged during On and Off Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit 1 Fall Winter Spring Summer Species P W S P W S P W S P W S All species -0.803 8 4 0.254 10 3 1.151 Ot 5* -0.016 9 4 Threadfin shad -0.975 5 9 0.258 10 3 1.019 1. 5 4t 0.581 10 3 Gizzard shad -0.248 10 3 0.091 10 3 1.694 2 4i -1.163 3 4 Blue catfish 0.879 10 3 -1.020 6 3 1.682 Oi 5* -0.803 6. 5 4 Channel catfish 1.653 3 5* 1.020 6 4 1.555 Ot 5* 0.845 6 3 Freshwater drum 0.139 8 4 -0.970 6 3 1.105 3 3 -0.261 9 4 White crappie -1.264 8 3 -0.550 4 3 0.970 4 4t -1.745 1. 5 4 White bass 0.759 9. 5 3 -1.442 IC 2 1.262 2. 5 4t 0.497 7 4 P = Paired t test 'Significant at a = 0. 05 level IC = Inaufficient nonzero catches to detect any W = Wilcoxon test i Significant at a = 0,10 level difference between on and off tests 5 = Sign test m

Examination of fall, winter, and summer air curtain test data revealed no significant difference in the biomass of fish impinged with the air curtain on or off. Spring test data, however, revealed a significant dif-ference in biomass levels between ON and OFF status (Sign test, a = 0.05)

(Table VI-3). As shown in Figure VI-1, a greater biomass was impinged with the air curtain on in 5 of 6 test runs during spring.

C. SPECIES COMPOSITION Threadfin shad, gizzard shad, blue catfish, channel catfish, freshwater drum, white crappie, and white bass accounted for the greatest numbers and biomass impinged throughout the study (Figure VI-2). Thread-fin and' gizzard shads contributed the greatest proportion (> 95%) of impinged numbers and biomass during the fall and winter test periods. Of these two l

l l  %

)

VI-6

Y

?

Table VI-3 Statistical Tests for Difference in Fish Biomass Impinged during On and Off Air-Curtain Testing at g', Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1 Fall Winter Spring Summer Specie s P W S P WS P W S P W S  !

All species -0.990 5 5 0.285 10 3 1.268 Oi 5* 0.887 6 4  ;

Threadfin shad -1.323 4 5* 0.307 10 3 1.024 3 3 0.718 9 4 Gissard shad -0.010 10 3 -0.504 10 3 1.848 0* 5* -0.115 10 3  !

Blue catfish 0.703 10 4 0.070 9 4 0.529 5 4i 1.022 8 3  !

Channel catfish 0.068 10 3 -0.276 10 3 1.720 1 4i -0.057 10 3 Freshwater drum 0.246 9 3 -1.286 6 3 1.199 3 3 0.026 9 4 White crappie ,

1.517 5 4 -1.038 1 3 -0.389 5 4 i

-0.802 8 3 White bass 0.376 10 3 -1.277 IC 2 0.141 7 3 -0.914 7 4 P = Paired t test 'Significant at a = 0. 05 level IC = Insufficient nonzero catches to detect any W = Wlicoxon test iSignificant at a = 0.10 level difference between on and off tests S = Sign test species, the threadfin shad clearly dominated both numbers (> 91%) and bio-mass (> 88%) impinged during these seasons. No distinct differences in species composition were discerned between ON and OFF air curtain status during the fall or winter tests.

1 A shift in species compositional patterns was observed in both spring and summer 1975 air curtain test findings, reflecting.a noticeable de-cline in the numbers and biomass of threadfin shad, as well as increased impingement of gizzard shad during the spring and freshwater drum in the spring and summer. A comparison of ON and OFF spring test results shows

, that a greater percentage of threadfin shad and freshwater drum were im- l pinged with the air curtain on. More gizzard shad, however, were impinged during the spring with the air curtain off (Figure VI-2).

1. (

O l VI-7

.-r,, - , - - -w - - - , - - , , - , , , , . , , ,.,.,-.---,.,,,-,_,-m- --,,e,m.,,, ,-,

FALL 1974 (OCT 21-NOV 30) WINTER 1974-1975 (JAN 13-FEB 22)

AIR CURTAIN ON AIR CURTAIN ON

1. I' xi- .:

PERCENT NUMBER 100% -Oi PERCENT NUMBER

, 80% -

PERCENT WEIGHT o , 80% .

PERCENT WEIGHT o

[ 60% -

$ 60% -

3 5 g 40% - - ..

g 40% -

E 20% -

- E 20% -

, - 2 1 9. 9. :. 4 5 9. .: E :. . E. 2 *

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M#$ND/ M#$N9/

4 FALL 1974 'OCT 21-NOV 30) 7 m AIR CURTAIN OFF WINTER 1974-1975 (J AN 13-FEB 22) j as AIR CURTAIN OFF -

1. I' d d en C PERCENT NUMBER 100% i d PERCENT NUMBER

{ , 80% -

PERCENT WEIGHT

! o , 80% .

PERCENT WEIGHT O

[ 60% -

[ 60%

z . -

z g 40% -

40% -

E 20%,- ,p E

20% -

J r"s 03  : 2 : 22 2 *;

0 ' ' # #  : : 23 s Elas 0 ~ # # ' '

g O bc 4 9 L O c gQ c O Figure VI-2 Percent Composition.of Fish Species Impinged during ON/OFF Air '

Curtain Testing at Arkansaa Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 (Page 1 of 2)

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.h SPRNG 1975 (APR 21-MAY 31) SUMMER 1975 (JUL 21-AUG 30)

AIR CURTAIN ON AIR CUR T AIN ON 100 % -

PERCENT NUMBER 00%- PERCENT NUMBER

, 80% -

PERCENT WEIGHT , 80% -

PERCENT WElGHT ,

o O

$ 60% -

[ 60% -

3 9 =

g 40% -e _ q z= g 40% -i 5M 3d5551 515 31 5 555 M999/ SPRING 1975 (APR 21-MAY 31)

M969/ .

SUMMER 1975 (JUL 21-AUG 30)

, AIR CURT AIN OFF AIR CURT AIN OFF e

100 % -

PERCENT NUMBER 1007.-

O PERCENT NUMBER

, 80% -

P ERCENT WEIGHT , 80% -

P ERCENT WEIGHT o O 3

[ 60% -

[ 60% -

Z  : Z U 40% - E . 40% -

7 2 5 9 2 E 20% E. 6E~$ ..a.:

a.eh , 1 = 20% A .- _

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a. 7 9-  ;  : .:

- *d s m~ 222 kE g $ =d 4 4 E d "

_ 2 ' :d e o$ o u o o O Figure VI-2. (Page 2 of 2)

s Freshwater drum accounted for a considerable proportion of the reduced impingement levels observed during summer 1975 air curtain testing, with threadfin shad and white crappie ranking second and third re-spectively. A comparison of summer 1975 impingement levels for air cur-tain operation versus no air curtain revealed somewhat higher percentage of threadfin shad impinged during air curtain operiition, but a greater per-centage of freshwater drum and white crappie impinged with the air curtain off (Figure VI-2).

D. INDIVIDUAL SPECIES i

1. ThreadLa Shad A total of 8,850,744 fish comprising a biomass of 159,649 pounds was impinged over the entire 4-season air curtain test period (Octo-

_N ber 1974 through August 1975). Overall, more threadfin shad were impinged ._

during air curtain operation (4,560,419 fish; 83,732 pounds) than when the air curtain was off (4,290,325 fish; 75,917 pounds). However, the differ-ences in impinged numbers and biomass when collapsed over the 4-season test cycle were found to be nonsignificant at the ct = 0.10 level (Paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, Sign test).

Since threadfin shad accounted for more than 90% of the total number and 88% of the total biomass impinged during the fall and winter sea-sons, impingement patterns for this species resemble closely the variations described for all species combined. Threadfin shad impingement rates in-creased from October 21, 1974, when fall testing began, through the end of i

l

)

VI-10

l l

the winter test period (Figure VT- 3). The dramatic rise in impingement levels observed for all species combined during week three of fall air curtain testing i

can be attributed to the greatly increased numbers of threadfin shad impinged during this period. As previously noted, this rise in impingement occurred during a time when water temperatures were declining from 65 F (18.3 C) in Dardanelle Reservoir (Figure VI-3). More than 100,000 threadfin shad > 1,000 pounds impinged per 3-day period were recorded for both ON and OFF tests over the last two weeks of the fall test period and the entire 6-week winter test.

As water temperatures rose above 65*F (18.3*C) during week two of spring testing, threadfin shad impingement rates declined sharply to less than 300 fish and 5 pounds per 3-day test period. Summer test results showed an increasing trend in impingement rates approaching fall 1974 levels by the end of the 6-week summer test period (Figure VI-3).

A comparison of total numbers and biomass of threadfin shad impinged during and without air curtain operation indicated a statistically significant difference in the fall test period (Sign test, c = 0. 05 level) (Tables VI-2 and VI-3). Figure VI-3 shows that during the fall, consistently greater numbers and biomass of threadfin shad were impinged when the air curtain was not in operation.

No significant differences were observed in threadfin shad impingement rates during the winter 1974-1975 and summer 1975 air curtain te s ts. Spring test results, however, indicated that more threadfin shad were impinged during air curtain operation (Sign test, a = 0. 05 level)(Table VI-2).

Length-frequer. distribution comparisons of threadfin shad impinged during the four seasonal air curtain ON/OFF test periods revealed no discernible differences in the size ranges of fish impinged with or without air curtain operation (Figure VI-4).

1(

v VI-11

10 7

M TEST

_ .. .m

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=

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0 NUMBER OF FISH

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WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1974 FALL 1975 WINTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI-3.

Total Numbers and Biomass (Ibs) of Threadfin Shad Impinged per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One. October 1974-August 1975 (Page 1 of 2)

Lj ._

s 7

10 0FF TEST 106 7 E

5 10 __

LEGEND 0 NUMBER OF FISH .

4 10 r l POUNDS OF FISH

f ND - NO DATA TEST INVAllDATED '

C 3

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2 10

- e ooo o - - - - w I 1 I i i i f l l 1 i i f I  !  !  ! "1 M DCk \ i t We ] Ol l WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1974 FALL 1975 WlNTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI-3. (Page 2 of 2)

/

SP RIN G 1975 '

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. i ~ lt

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LENGIH R ANGE 5 tN MM LENGIH R ANGEllN MM Figure VI-4. Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Threadfin 3 Shad Impinged during Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas j Nuclear One VI-14

The predominant threadfin shad size class impinged during the fall 1974 test period was the 60-90 mm length group. Thes e young-of-the-year fish were recruited into 90-120 mm size range as yearlings

• by Janu-4 ary and February 1975 where they appeared as the dominant size class in winter tests (Figure VI-4). A relatively low number of 121-150 mm thread-fin shad, possibly a mixture of yearling and older fish (based on the data of McConnell and Gerdes, 1964) were also impinged during the winter test period (Figure VI-4).

Reduced growth during the winter and spring months was evi-denced by the continued predominance of 91-120 mm yearling threadfin shad impinged during spring 1975 tests. A somewhat larger proportion of 121-150 mm fish occurred during spring testing; however, this percentage re-mained relatively small compared to the numbers of 91-120 mm shad im-pinged. Young-of-the-year (1975 year class) threadfin shad, recruited into an impingeable size range (minimum 2 30 mm), appeared in summer air curtain test samples. These 0+ year fish were represented in both the 30-60 mm and 60-90 mm size ranges, which comprised the majority of the threadfin shad impinged during summer testing (Figure VI-4). Y earling i

and older threadfin contributed only a small percentage of impinged numbers during this season.

2. Gizzard Shad Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit I traveling screens impinged 649,182 gizzard shad weighing 11,016 pounds over the four seasons of air curtain testing from October 1974 through August 1975. More gizzard shad were impinged during air curtain operation (327,320) than when the air curtain was not functioning (321,862). Greater biomass (5721 pounds) was impinged, however, during off tests than during on tests in this same time period (Appendix Tables A-1 through A-4),

i (u,

• Presuming January 1 as a fish's birth date, 1-year old (1+) fish, which are in their second year of life.

VI-15

, \

Numbers and biomass ei impinged gizzard shad increased froni 4

the beginning of air curtain testing (October 21) through the end of the fall s' test period. Cc.tches of gizzard shad increased on the traveling screens to

> 1,000 fish per 3-day period as temperatures fell below 65 *F (18. 3*C) in

, Dardanelle Reservoir during week three of the fall test (Figure VI-5). Giz -

zard shad impingement rates of approximately 10,000 fish and > 100 pounds

per 3-day period were maintained through the remainder of the fall and the

entire winter test period.

As Dardanelle Reservoir water tem' atures rose above 65 *F during spring 1975 testing, gizzard shad impingement rates declined to <1,000 fish and < 50 pounds per 3-day test. This declining trend continued through the remainder of the spring and summer test periods (Figure VI-5).

The only statistically signiNeant difference in the numbers of gizzard shad impinged over the 4-season test cycle occurred during the spring 1975 test period, when consistently more gizzard shad were impinged during )

air curtain operation than with the air curtain not functioning during 4 of 5 test runs (Table VI-2, Figure VI-5). A comparison of gizzard shad biomass impinged during these same weeks consistently indicated statistically greater biomass levels during air curtain ON than during air curtain OFF tests (Table VI-3, Figure VI-5).

Most of the gizzard shad impinged during the fall 1974 test runs were young-of-the-year fish, primarily in the 61-90 mm size class (Figure VI-6) . Gizzard shad impinged during winter tests were mainly yearlings (91-120 mm size class). Spring 1975 data reveals the presence of two distinct year classes of gizzard shad; 1+ shad of the 1974 year class (predominantly 121-150 mm length) and 2+ fish ranging between 181 and 240 mm (based on growth data for Elephant Butte Lake of Jester and Jensen,1972). This as-sumes, however, similar growth rates for Dardanelle Reservoir and Ele-phant Butte gizzard shad. The stronger bimodal distribution seen in summer 3

i 1975 data apparently indicates the recruitment of 1975 young-of-the-year J VI- 16

gizzard shad into an impingeable size range (> 30 mm) as well as the presence of a mixutre of 1+ and 2+ fish ranging from 151 to 240 mm (Figure VI-6).

No differences between ON/OFF modes could be discerned for the length-frequency distribution during the fall, winter, and spring seasons.

Summer test data, however, indicated that a greater percentage of young-of-the-year gizzard shad (30-90 mm) were impinged with the air curtain off, while a greater number of larger shad (151-240 mm) were impinged during air curtain operation (Figure VI-6).

3. Freshwater Drum A total of 31,958 freshwater drum weighing 1,377 pounds was impinged during the four seasons of air curtain testing, October 1974 through August 1975. Overall, impingement levels for both biomass and numbers of freshwater drum were higher during air curtain operation (20,576 individuals and 886 pounds) than when the air curtain was not operating (11,382 individuals and 451 pounds) (Appendix Tables A-1 through A-4).

A general rise in freshwater drum impingement levels from

< 100 fish per 3-day test to more than 400 individuals per 3-day test was observed during the fall season as water temperatures declined below 60 F (15. 5*C) in Dardanelle R eservoir (Figure VI-7). Winter test impingement rates, however, were generally low (< 100 individuals per 3-day test) and displayed no distinct trend over the 6-week test period. Considerable vari-ations in impingement rates occurred during both spring and summer tests.

Highest impingement levels for freshwater drum occurred during the first week of spring testing as reservoir temperatures rose from 60 to 65 "F (15 to .18 C) . A total of 15,299 individuals comprising a biomass of 830 pounds was collected during this week. Subsequent impingement rates de-clined below 1,000 fish per 3-day test and continued at or near this level through the remainder of the spring and summer tests.

~Q VI-17

10' T ON TEST -

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] I f I l 1 l ! I t i i i I l t I mt i I l l0 WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1974 FALL 1975 WINTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI- 5. Total Numbers and Biomass (lbs) of Gizzard Shad Impinged pe'r 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 (Page 1 of 2)

.i  !

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NUMBER OF FISH b i l POUNDS OF FISH ND - NO DATA TEST INVAllDATED 2

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1 l l 1 f 1 i l l l l t l l ml O l l Ni t l g ,, t WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1974 FALL 1975 WINTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI-5. (Page 2 of 2)

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FALL 1974 SPRING 1975 10 0 -

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1 Figure VI-6. Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Gizzard Shad Impinged during Air-Curtain

( j Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One v

VI-21

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~i .i hSi I l Ei k k w i i b WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1974 FALL 1975 WINTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI-7. Total Numbers and Biomass (1bs) of Freshwater Drum Impinged per 3-Day Test Period during Seasonal Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One, October 1974-August 1975 (Page 1 of 2) o d

4

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WK 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 1974 . FALL 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1975 WINTER SPRING SUMMER Figure VI-7. (Page 2 of 2)

./ There were no statistically significant differences between ON and OFF modes for numbers or biomasa of freshwater drum impinged (Tables VI-2 and VI-3).

The greatest percentage of freshwater drum impinged during the fall test period was the 61-90 mm size group (Figure VI-8). These were presumably young-of-the-year fish. Smaller percentages of 2+ through S+

yr old drum (based on data from Tatum, 1975b) were also impinged during this season. Yearling fish (1+) of the 1974 year class, predominantly in the 61-90 mm size range, constituted the largest percentage of drum impinged during the winter season, with increased percentages of 2+ to 5+ drum also occurring. Spring test data also show a continued dominance or marling freshwater drum (1974 year class) as91-150 mm individuals. These year-lings were essentially absent from summer 1975 test runs. Y oung -of:-the-year drum (60-90 mm) constituted the largest percentage of this species I

taken during this period.

No differences in ON and OFF modes were discerned for length-frequency distribution of freshwater drum (Figure VI-8).

4. Channel Catfish Total channel catfish impinged during air curtain testing (October 1974 through August 1975) were 14,611 fish weighing 334 pounds.

Of this catch, 8,109 individuals comprising a biomass of 17.7 pounds were impinged during air curtain operation, while 6,502 fish accounting for 157 pounds were impinged during air curtain Off tests (Appendix Tables A-1 through A-4).

The numbers of channel catfish impinged remained almoat consistently above 100 individuals per 3-day ON and OFF tests during both

.i.

VI-25

F A LL 197 4 SPRING 1975 '

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Figure VI-8. Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Fresh-water Drum Impinged during Air-Curtain Testing 3 at Arkansas Nuclear One O VI-26

T l fall and winter test periods; however, no seasonal trends were apparent (Figure VI-9). Biomass levels during these two periods generally remained below 10 pounds per 3-day test. Both numbers and biomass of channel cat-fish impinged declined steadily from approximately 3,000 individuals and 50 pounds per 3-day test during week one of the spring test to approximately 40 fish and <5 pounds at the end of the summer test period.

~

Although there were no apparent differences between air curtain ON and OFF test impingement rates of channel catfish during either the winter or summer test seasons, statistically significantly greater num-bers (Sign test n= 0.05) were impinged during air curtain operation in both the fall and spring test periods (Table VI-2 and Figure VI-9).

No distinct or consistent differences were observed in the length-frequencies of channel catfish impinged during the 4-season testing i

period (Figure VI-10). The bimodal length-frequency distribution displayed

\

for fall 1974 indicates the probable presence of two distinct year classes of channel catfish, young-of-the-year (61-90 mm) and yearling fish (121-150 mm) . Year c1 ass 1974 fish. as yearlings, clearly dominated winter test catches as 61-90 mm individuals. Although this same size class continued to account for the majority of the channel catfish impinged during spring l 1975, the 121-150 mm size class representing 2+ fish (based on data from

{

Tatum,1975b) constituted > 20% of both ON/OFF test catches during this period. Majority of channel catfish impinged during summer were spread over a relatively wide size range, from 60 mm to 180 mm. This range probably encompassed young-of-the-year 1+ and 2+ individuals with indivi-duals in the 421-450 mm size range also represented.

i

!(

VI-27

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M N w N & 9 N - N N s -

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LINGIH G ANGill N MM t tNGTH G ANGil eN MM Figure VI-10. Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Channel Catfish Impinged by Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One )

8. 3 VI-30

5. Blue Catfish A total of 12,946 blue catfish comprising 241 pounds biomass was impinged during the four seasons. Both greater numbers (7,380) and biomass (133 pounds) of blue catfish were collected during air curtain opera-tion than during those periods when the air curtain was off (5,566 individuals weighing 108 pounds) (Appendix Tables A-1 through A-4).

Numbers of blue catfish impinged during both ON and OFF air curtain testing increased during the fall as temperatures fell below 65*F (18. 3*C) and fluctuated at relatively high levels of > 1,000 fish per 3-day test during the winter test period (Figure VI-11). Warming temperatures during spring coincided with a declining trend n numerical impingement.

Summer test reflected low levels of impingement (<30 fish per 3-day test) and no distinct trend over the 6-week test period. Blue catilsh biomass levels throughout the 4-season test period remained relatively low and in-I dicated no distinct seasonal pattern.

Spring test alone revealed a statistically significant differ-ence between air curtain ON/OFF impingement rates (Table VI-2, Figure VI- 11) . B'oth the Wilcoxon test (a = 0.10) and the Sign test (a = 0. 05) in- i dicated that consistently greater numbers of blue catfish were being im-pinged when the air curtain was on than when it was off. Greater biomass was impinged during air curtain operation, although the differences between ON and OFF testing were not significant (Sign test, a = 0.05).

Young-of-the-year individuals (6i-90 mm) accounted for the majority of the blue catfish impinged during fall 1974 (Figure VI-12). This year class (1974) appeared again as the dominant size group in both winter and spring tests (91-120 mm) as yearlings. The bimodal distribution r

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, Figure VI_12. Seasonal Length-Frequency Distribution of Blue Catfish Impinged during Air-Curtain Testing at ')

Arkansas Nuclear One U

. .l .

VI-34 L

pattern during summer shows the recruitment of impingeable size 1975 young-of-the-year blue catfish (61-90 mm) as well as the presence of both yearling (1974 year class) and possibly older fish (211-240 mm size class; based on data from Tatum,1975b).

6. White Crappie A total of 6,639 white crappie accounting for 407 pounds bio-mass was impinged during the four seasonal test periods. Overall, more white crappie (3,3,61) were impinged during air curtain ON tests than during i OFF tests (3,298). Greater white crappie biomass, however, was impinged with the air curtain off (218 pounds) than during air curtain operation (189 pounds) (Appendbc Tables A-1 to A-4).

The majority of the white crappie impinged were collected l during the fall 1974 and spring 1975 test seasons (Figure VI-13). Impinge-

/

s ment levels during the third week of fall testing rose from previous values of <70 fish to > 100 individuals per 3-day test as water temperatures in Dardanelle R eservoir fell below 60*F (15. 5*C). Winter test impingement rates stabilized at levels of < 100 fish per 3-day test, but increased to > 100 fish as water temperatures rose in Dardanelle Reservoir during spring test-ing. Impingement levels for the entire 6-week summer test period displayed no discernible trends and were consistently < 30 fish impinged per 3-day period during both ON and OFF tests.

The only statistically significant difference in numbers and biomass of white crappie impinged during ON/OFF air curtain testing oc-l curred during the spring season. Over this 6-week period, greater num- l bers and biomass of white crappie were impinged during air curtain opera- )

l tion than when the air curtain was not functioning (Sign test, c = 0.05) in the majority of test runs.

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1 White crappie measuring 61-90 mm contributed the greatest percentage of this species impinged during fall 1974 and winter 1974-75 air curtain tests (Figure VI-14). A considerably smaller percentage of 1973 year class white crappie (based.on growth data from Tatum, 1975b) appeared at 151-180 mm as 1+ fish during fall testing and in low numbers as 2+ fish (181-210 mm) during the winter. One plus (1+) white crappie (61-90 mm) consti-tuted the largest size class impinged during spring 1975 testing. Relatively low percentages of '.+ through 4+ white crappie (based on growth data from 1 Catum,1975b) were also impinged during both ON and OFF air curtain tests. 1 Summer tests results show the presence of young-of-the-year white crappie as 31-60 mm individuals, as well as a relatively even length-frequency dis-tribution over all size groups from 31 mm to 240 mm. These size ranges encompassed white crappie from young-of-the-year through 3+ fish. Smaller percentages of 4+ through 6+ white crappic (from growth data of Tatum,1975b) were also impinged during both ON and OFF t:-'ing.

(.s A comparison of the lengt equency distribution of white crappie impinged during air curtain testing revealed that acre fish in the 90- to 240-mm size range were impinged with the air curtain off during both the fall and summer test periods. No differences were observed during win-ter testing, however, possibly because of the small sample size, or during spring testing (Figure VI-14).

7. White Bass Of the seven fish species most regularly and heavily impinged during seasonal testing, the white bass accounted for the smallest percen-tage of both numbers and biomass collected on plant intake screens. A total of 1,270 white bass comprising a biomass of 68 pounds was impinged d

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Arkansas Nuclear One -

t VI-40

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over the 24 weeks of testing. Although a greater number of white bass was impinged during air curtain operation than when the air curtain was off (all

, seasons combined), the only statistically significant difference between white bass impingement rates during ON/OFF testing occurred during the spring 1975 test. In 4 of the 5 ON/OFF test runs compared for this season, more white bass were impinged during air curtain operation than during air curtain off tests (Tables VI-2 and VI-3). More white bass were im-pinged during the fall test period than during the three subsequent test sen- ,

sons combined (Figure VI-15). Impingement rates were highest (> 70 fish per 3-day test) during the last three weeks of fall testing (November 11 through November 30) when water temperatures fell from 15.5 C to 10*C (60*F to 50*F) in Dardanelle Reservoir. The numbers and biomass of w1Jte bass impinged over the remaining three seasonal test periods were generally below 10 fish per 3-day s st during both ON and OFF test f

periods.

i comparison of the length-frequency distribution of white bass impinged during air curtain ON/OFF testing indicates a somewhat greater percentage of larger fish impinged when the air curtain was off during fall and spring tests (Figure VI-16). Summer results show im-pingement of white bass in the 301- to 390-mm size range when air cur-tain v as off, a size range not represented during on tests. The bimodal length frequency distribution observed during winter tests was probably the ren1t of low sample number; however, larger white bass were still impinged when the air curtain was off.

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Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One h

VI-4 4

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( E x, 8. Other Species Excluding the seven major species, a total of 4,572 indivi- j duals weighing 587 pounds was impinged during the four seasonal tests. A complete tabulation of impingement data for these species is presented in Appendix Tables A-1 through A-4.

Impingement rates ince-ased to > 200 fish per 3-day test during week 3 of fall 1974 testing as watar temperatures in Dardanelle l

Reservoir fell below 15. 5 *C (60 *F) (Figure VI-17). Impingement subse-1 quently declined during winter testing and stabilized at levels of 60 to 90 individuals impinged per 3-day period during the spring. Summer dis-played the lowest impingement rates for the 4-season test period, with levels of < 40 fi:;h impinged per 3-day test throughout the 6-week season.

Biomass of other species impinged over the 4-season test pr.ried dis-

-. played no seasonal patterns or consistent differences and depended mainly

(

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SECTION VII IMPINGEMENT DURING AIR CURTAIN TESTING IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS The effectiveness of a behavioral screening system such as the air curtain constructed at the mouth of the Arkansas Nuclear One intake canal depends on the following variables:

e The ability of the fish to sense by tactile, visual, or olfactory means the presence of the barrier e Species-specific behavioral response to ,

stimuli produced by the screening device '

e Various species' swimming ability These variables, in turn, are related to and affected by a number of inter-acting natural and man-induced physical and chemical parameters.

Concurrent environmental data and impingement figures ob-tained during air curtain testing are compared on a seasonal basis in the following paragraphs to help explain the results obtained during ON/OFF air curtain operation.

A. TURBIDITY Measurements taken during seasonal air curtain testing indicate moderate to high turbidities in Dardanelle Reservoir throughout the year with highest levels occurring during late fall and winter (Appendix Tables A-12 through A-15). The relatively small amount of turbidity data does not lend itself to detailed statistical comparisons with air curtain test iMormation, but a visual comparison reveals an apparently positive rela-tionship between high impingement and increased turbidity.

v VII-1

1 There were no day / night comparisons of fish impingement levels, so there is no clarifying evidence of the curtain's efficiency during hours of leasened visibility. Turbidity was measured at the beginning of each air curtain test run. Because these readings were taken only during ON test periods, however, no comparisons of turbidity levels between ON/OFF tests are available. It might be suggested that air curtain operation, with its accom-panying vibration and turbulence patterns, may have affected normal turbidity patterns during ON testing at the mouth of the intake canal. Howeve r, a sea-sonal comparison with monthly turbidity measurements collected by Sinclair (1968-1975) over an 8-year period at a station adjacent to the plant intake canal indicates turbidity levels comparable to those observed during air curtain testing.

As noted above, the success of the air curtain in deterring fish depends, in part, on a fish's ability to sense its presence. The refo re, lowered visibility resulting from turbidity levels might be expected to af-feet this sensing ability. Early air curtain test studies by Bates and Van DerWalker indicated lower impingement rates during daylight and greater impingements at night. Consequently, it was assumed that the sensory re-sponse mechanism involved in avoiding the bubble screen was entirely visual (Bates and VanDerwalker, 1969). These and subsequent researchers pos-tulated, therefore, that air bubble screens would probably not be effective in waters with high turbidities. Texas Instruments (1974a) observed higher nighttime linpingement rates during air curtain testing at the Indian Point power plant on the Hudson River; at the time, it was suggested that these I

high night impingements were the result of high turbidities further diminish-ang the already lessened night vision of fish approaching the bubble curtain.

It should be noted, however, that these day / night differences may simply have been the result of diel abundance and distribution patterns of the fish populations in the vicinity of the Indian Point site. Studies in North Carolina p

vu-z

() with gizzard shad and striped bass (Bibko, Kueser, and Wirtenan, 1973) and i

in Lake Michigan with alewives (as reported in a r . view article by Maxwell, 1973) showed air curtain efficiency to be as high in complete darkness as in daylight.

Fishes' sense of touch, in concert with their lateral-line sys-tem, is known to interact in determining their orientation (Bibko, Kueser, and Wirtenan, 1973). This tactile response was implicated by Bates and Van-Der Walker (1969) as the mechanism by which juvenile salmonids avoided water-jet deflectors; although these deflectors provided limited visual con-trast with main canal flow, nighttime and daylight deflection efficiencies were comparable. ,It would seem logical, therefore, that an air bubble screen, though providing limited visual contrast during the night or in waters of mod-erate to high turbidity, would generate sufficient tactile stimuli (pressure waves, turbulence) to be sensed by an approaching fish.

t

'\ Although air curtain test data at arkansas Nuclear One do appear to indicate a rising trend in impingement with increased turbidities, the paucity of data from this and other studies renders this finding incon-clusive. It is suggested that while vision is related to avoidance of the air curtain system, other sensory r.iechanisms are probably involved.

B. WATER TEMPERATURE Impingement rates for all species combined and six of the seven most heavily impinged species were found to be significantly corre-lated statistically with water temperatures in Dardanelle Reservoir during fall 1974 and spring 1975 air curtain test periods. In the great majority of cases,. these significant co rrelations were negative; i. e. , higher impinge-ment was associated with lower temperatures and lower impingement with higher temperatures. However, a small number of positive correlations were observed for blue catfish, channel catfish, and fo,shwater drum dur-Q, ing the winter and white crappie during the spring (Tables VII-1 and VII-2).

1 VH-3

Table VII-l ,

Statistical Tests for Correlation between Numbers of Fish Impinged and Water Temperature during On/Off Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One A

Fal) wtate r Sprtag

• Somme r Spectee Status P S K P $ K P 5 K P S K All speesee On 0.854* 0.843* 0. 7 3 M 0.253 0. 3 t 4 0.200 0.929* 0.700 0.600' .

• l' 1 0.294 0.300 Off 0.681 0.771' 0. 60C' 0.507 0.657 0.600' 0.694 0.700 0.600' .!.009 0.203 0.833 Threadfen ehed On 0.846* 0.885' 0. *13* 0.24S 0. 314 0.200 0.999e 0.700 0.600' .0.647 .0.899e 0.800e Off 0.691 0. 771' 0.600' 0. l42 0.657 0.600 ' 0. 754 .l.000* .8.000* 0. 508 0. llt 0.533 Olssard shed on .0.496e .0.883e 0. 7 3 M 0. 329 0.657 0.467 0.982* .l.000e .l. 000 .0.333 0. 02 9 0.000 Off 0. 602 0.697 0.467 0.414 0.384 0.200 .0.048' .l.000* .l.000e 0.021 0. 4S6 0.333 Bles satfish On .0.788' 0. 795' 0.600* 0.484 0. 6 S7 0.467 0.948* 0.900* 0.000* 4.427 0. Sin Off 0. e8 4e 0.086* .0. 7 3 M 0.400 0.740 @ 0. 714 ' O.467 0.783 .l.000* 0.089 0. 0l l Chennet eettish

.l.000e 0. h?

On 0.642 0.618 .0.333 0. 750 @ 0.600 0.600 6 Off 0. 948e 0.700 0.600' 0.193 0.058 0.000 0.110 0.029 0.067 0.782 0.803 @ 0. 7 71 @ 0.600 @ 0.600 0. 400 0. 66 3 0.812' 0.667' Freshwater drum On 0. 829e . 0. 88 3e 0.731* 0.??4 @ 0.122 0.400 0.924* 0.700 0.600f .0.184 .0.058 0.000 Off . 0. S48 .0.829* 0. 7! )* 0.477 0.429 0.100 0.790 0.700 .0.600' O.072 f.696 0.533 White erappio On 0.767 ' 0.795' 0.600' O. Si l 0.215 0.133 0. h 9 0. 800 $ 0.600 $ 0. 199 0.464 Off 0.99t* 0.886e 0. 7 3 M 0.088 0.030 0.400 0.000 0.469 @ 0.900 $ 0.800 $ 0.369 0.279 .0.200 white haes On . O. 749 ' .0.795' 0.600' Off 0.933* 0.94 9 0.867* IC IC IC, 0.944* l.000* 1.000s 0.884* 0. Ret e .0 %47' 0.654 0. 100 .0.600' . 0. 095 0.'24 .0.833 e $ltatfleant at g e 0.M level P e Peareen's a test

' Sa8ntf1 cant at g e 0.10 level S e Spearman IC e inestiscient nonsere catches te detect any correlatten with water temperatare.

x e xen.aw. 's e trhel test S . Chreted si8nif4 cant correlattene are peettives atl ether setnificant correlattene r ones iest a ,e nes.t..e.

3 Table VII-2 -

J Statistical Tests for Correlation between Biomass of Fish Impinged and Water Temperature during On/Off Air-Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One A

Fat) winte r spring Summer spectee Statu s P S N P 5 N P S N P S K All opecies on 0. 864e 0. 4 0 H 0. 7 3 3e 0.249 0. 31 4 0.2 00 0.961e 6,000* . l . 00

• 0.506 off .0.293 0.829* .0.73 9 0.462 0.657 0.116 0. 0 0.600' 0.8631 .l.000* .l.000* 0. 306 0. 579 0.400 Threadinn shed On 0.049* . 0. 84 M 0.733* 0.237 . 0. 314 0.300 0 899* 0. 700 .0.600' 0.683 0.899*

Off .0.692 .0. 82 9e 0.8678 0.492 0.657 0.600' 0.800*

0.752 .l.000s .t.000s 0.081 0.203 0.833 06asardshed On . 0792' 0.8827* 0. 7 3 3 M 0.365 0.697 0. 467 .0. 98 Se .t.00 * . t . 00

• 0.525 0.261 0.261 Off 0. 12 5 .0.541 0.200 0.482 0.344 0.300 0.861e .l.00 e . t . 00

• 0.489 0.667 0.933 Bles tatinah On 0.737' 0.647 0.467 0.069 . 0. 31 4 0.200 0.9878 .0.900* 0.800s 0.360 0. 058 0. 0 Off 0.894* 0.943 0.86?e 0.779 @ 0. 771 @ 0.600 @ 0.042' .l.00 * .I 00

• 0.252 0. S79 0.333 Channel eatin en On 0.74% @ 0. 529 0.333 0.687 0.600 0.467 .0.970* . l . 00 * . l . 00 e 0.005 0.058 0. 0 Off 0.827 0. 429 0.333 0,269 0. 371 0.333 0. 8 3 7e .l. 00 e . l. 00

• 0.688 - 0.882' 0.667' Freshwerer drum On 0.906e . 0. 881e 0.73 9 0.206 0.osa 0.133 Off 0.499 0.116 0,944e 0.700 0.600' 0.020 0.029 0.t33

0. 467 0.257 0.200 0.200 0.802 0.900* 0.800s 0.068 0.522 0.400 white erappie On 0.199 0. 471 0.333 0.179 0.253 0.133 0.663 0. 0 0.20 0.414 0.212 0.l33 Off 0. 0 12 0.429 0. 2 00 0.472 0.030 0. 0 0.050 0.100 0. 0 0.479 0.696 .0.533 Ythite beee on .0.641 0. 412 0.333 IC IC IC . 0. We 0. m 0. W 0. m .0.434 .L W Off .0. 818e 0.600 . 0467 0.164 0.600 0.400 0.475 0. llt 0.533 4568miftsant et g , 0.09 level P e Peareen's e test

• $sgastic ant at , e n. 8 0 level S = Spearman's a lehen test IC e Insufficient nonsere eatches to deteet any correlatten with water temperature.

K = Mondall's Iltael test g , gg g g g g gg

,,, g, s

VII-4

- In most instances, correlations with temperature were observed during both s

ON and OFF tests, but it should be noted that this was not always the case (Tables VII-1 and VII-2). A lack of significant correlation with water tem-perature during either ON or OFF testing should not be construed as reflect-ing a significant difference in impingement levels between the tests. ON and OFF air curtain test data were compared against water temperatures independent of each other; as such, the findings indicate the degree of vari-ation between the trends displayed for ON or OFF air curtain test impinge-ment levels and Dardanelle Reservoir water temperatures during a given season rather than differences in impingement rates between tests.

Water temperature has proved to be a major factor influenc-ing fishes' physiological state and behavioral responses, especially those involving swimming performance. These responses, in turn, play a signi-ficant role in the ability to avoid or be guided by a behavioral screening mechanism such as the air curtain. ]

Fishes are cold-blooded organisms, which means that their internal body temperatures and the speed and coordination with which bodily functions occur (metabolic rates) are directly related to the ambient tem-peratures of their surroundings. Within certain limits, these two factors exhibit a positive correlation; i. e. , the higher the water temperature, the more active the fish, and vice versa. Ambient temperatures approaching either high or low extremes, however, have been shown to result in loss of equilibrium, muscular incoordination, and feeding cessation, leading to extensive damage or death. Endpoints or lethal limits have been established by extensive laboratory and field testing for a number of fish species in-habiting Dardanelle Reservoir (Texas Instruments, 1974b and 1975) . It is worthy of note that in Dardanelle Reservoir a number of the e species are living close to their lower lethal limit, as established in laboratory tests, during late fall, winter, and early spring.

VII-5

A number of studies have evaluated the effects of low water temperatures on fish species. King (1970) found that swimming speeds for white perch decreased with decreasing temperature. Hocutt (1973) observed similar results for juvenile largemouth bass, spotfin shiner, and channel catfish exposed to rapid temperature changes. Bibko, Wirtenan, and Kueser (1973) no'.ed considerable differences between the cruising speeds of young striped bass at 4.5*C (40*F) and 11.1*C (52*F). Chittenden (1972), studying

) American shad, observed slower and wobbly swimming, extremely sluggish movements below 6*C (42.8*F), cessation of feeding, frequent temporary equilibrium loss, no response to hand movements below 4.4*C (39.4*F), and 1 frequent collisions with objects shortly before death. Colby (1971), experi-menting with alewives, reported reduced swimming speed, little or no response to external stimuli, disorientation, frequent collisions, cessation of feeding,' '  !

i and diminished tendency to school between 4. 5* and 2.2*C (40* and 36*F).

i In air bubbler tests, Bibko, Wirtenan, and Kueser (1973) observed that giz-zard shad became lethargic swimmers at 4.4*C (40*F) and drifted repeatedly ])' i through the air screen; at 0.8'C (33.5'F), striped bass became lethargic '

i swimmers and were pushed backwards through the air screen repeatedly.

Hubbs (1951) found that threadfin shad in the Colorado River displayed a minimum tolerance of 54* to 56. 6 *F (12.2

• to 14. 2 *C). Coward (1963) ob-served that threadfin shad acclimated at 20*C (68*F) showed resistance times of 16.4 to 125 min. for temperatures of 5* to 7*C (41.0* to 44.6*F);

he suggested that cold-stressed shad may enter a semicomatose state in which they are incapable of movement and possess only limited sensory per-ception although they are still alive.

Low temperatures have been considered as one of the major factors affecting impingement levels during winter at Consolidated Edison's Indian Point plant on the Hudson River because the greatest amount of im-pingement and entrapment has been related with periods of coldest water temperatures (U.S. AEC,1973; Texas Instruments, 1974a) . We suggest that .j

%./

1

. VH-6

f' the significant correlations between impingement and water temperatures ob-served during fall and spring at Arkansas Nuclear One are the result of the seasonal onset and subsequent cessation of the adverse effects induced by de-creasing water temperatures in Dardanelle Reservoir. Intake approach velo-cities observed in the vicinity of the Arkansas Nuclear One air curtain show that the largest magnitudes occur within the first one-half of the right (north) zone nearest the center of the transect. However, except for the nearshore zones, the observed currents are almost uniform across the transect (Figure II-4) . The low-level current velocities observed in the vicinity of the air curtain (generally < 0.6 fps) are within the range (0.5-1. 0 fps) recommended for most power plants (U.S. EPA,1973; Bibko, Wirtenan, and Kueser, 1973).

These current velocity levels would appear to be within the swimming capa-bilities of all except the smaller or weaker fish of impingeable size at water-temperature condic na approximating late spring, summer, and early fall in Dardanelle Reservoir (Texas Instruments, 1972; U. S. EPA, 1973; Bibko, Wirtenan, and Kuesner, 1973). Length-frequency data for the seven most heavily impinged fish species over the four seasonal test periods show the heaviest impingement pressure to be on young-of-the-year fish (Figures VI-11 through VI-17) .

-Based on the aforementioned data, it is quite likely that re-gardless of air curtain status even the relatively low velocity levels observed in front of the. air curtain may be much beyond the swimming abilities of smaller members of most fish species during the late fall arid winter.

Therefore, the high impingement rates observed during late fall and winter may have represented impingement of passivs moribund, smaller or weaker fish thermally stressed by decreasing water temperatures.  !

l l

,/

VII-7

C. OTHER PARAMETERS (O)

A number of additional environmental parameters monitored during seasonal air curtain testing are presented in Appendix Tables A-12 through A-15. None of these additional parameters were correlated with impingement patterns during seasonal ON/OFF testing.

9 e

s

~

I VII-8

7^ SECTION VIII CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. CONCLUSIONS The following conclusions are based on the results of a year's seasonal testing, 6 wk per season, of the air curtain at Arkansas Nuclear One.

Under present operating conditions the air curtain does not effectively deter fish from entering the intake canal. Consequently, it does not substantially reduce tne impingement of fish on the Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit I intake screens. On the contrary, impingement was higher during air-curtain operation in 13 of 16 tests where statistically significant differences in impingement rates were observed.

Although seasonal variations in species composition of ampinged

.(v. fish were observed, these variations were independent of air-curtain operational status.

l Growth and subsequent recruitment into an impingeable size were observed for the seven major species considered over the course of the study period. Air-curtain operation, however, did not alter the length-frequency dis-tribution of the species impinged.

Impingement was negatively correlated with water temperature.

Increasing impingement rates were associated with declining temperatures in the fall, while decreasing impingements were associated with rising tempera-tures in the spring.

It is our opinion that under present operating conditions highest imp.ngement rates will continue to occur dur'ng the late fall, winter, and early spring, regardless of air-curtain status. Catches during these periods will

( '

Q VIII-1 L

s .

continue to be predominantly young-of-the-year fish, especially threadfin shad,  ;

thermally stressed when Dardanelle Reservoir water temperatures fall below 60*F (15. 5 *C).

B. RECOMMENDATIONS

Thorough evaluation of the air curtain at Arkansas Nuclear One has demonstrated that this device is not effective in deterring fish from entering the plant intake canal. These findings, as well as the impingements observed during fall and winter, suggest two courses of further study in solving the impingement problem.

e Evaluate the biological impact of present impinge-ment rates on the fishery resources of Dardanelle R es e rvoir o Evaluate alternatives in plant intake structure de-sign to reduce impingement only if biologically significant '

impact is determined.

4

1. Biological Study TI is currently perfo rming a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impact of impingement on the fishery resources of Dardanelle Reser-voir. This soon-to-be-concluded study is addressing the past and present fishery resources of Dardanelle Reservoir, considering not only existing phys-icochemical and biological studies of the reservoir, but also' life history inform-ation in the literature on the species most heavily impinged. This information, in conjunction with screen impingement data from Arkansas Nuclear One, will determine seasonal abundance patterns and community structure as well as 4

estimated current impingement losses.

This information is being weighed against the socioeconomic value of the fish species most heavily impinged, based on sport and commercial l

VIII- 2 1

fishery statistics compiled for Dardanelle Reservoir, so as to determine the direct or indirect impact of impingement on existing sport and/or commerical fi she rie s. This form of study could continue on an ongoing basis, utilizing data obtained by involved research institutions and state agencies to provide ,

1 a continuous update of fish population levels and associated impingem'ent impact. l

2. Alternative Structural Design l TI has reviewed the proposed best technology available for )

minimizing adverse environmental impact of cooling water structures, as pre-sented by a number of researchers, notably the U.S. Environmental Protection ,

1 Agency (1973), Sharma (1974), Texas Instruments (1974), and Reisbol (1975). >

After reviewing the findings of these anc other studies, we have reached the follo' wing general conclusions concerning the two major categories of screen-ing devices as related specifically to the situation at Arkansas Nuclear One,

a. Behavioral Screening Devices These devices vary considerably in effectiveness, depending on fish size, species, and ambient environmental conditions. No one behavioral system has been wholly successful in significantly reducing fish impingement.

Consequently, no individual device is recommended for use at existing and pro-posed plants by any regulatory agency. Furthermore, any of these behavioral systems would be essentially ineffective when applied to a number of thermally stressed fish species, especially threadfin and gizzard shads, which are reduced to a moribund or semicomatose state by low water temperatures in Dardanelle Reservoir during late fall and winter.

b. Mechanical Screening Systems

,. Pressures brought to bear on utilities by Section 316(b) of the g., 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, however, have spawned a multitude

~tb of mechanical fish protective devices designed to be installed at cooling-water VIII-3

intake structures. Through trial and error at a number of plant sites and ,

through biological investigations, a number of mechanical screening devices $.

have been shown to have some merit. For a thorough review of these systems, see the USEPA (1973) document " Development Document For Proposed Best Technology Available For Minimizing Adverse Environmental Impact of Cooling Water Intake Structures," Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Entrainment and Intake Screening held at Johns Hopkins University,1974 (L.D. Jensen Ed.),

Sharma (1974), and Reisbol (1975).

We recommend that until subsequent industry-wide testing Proves the efficiency of one or more of these behavioral systems in deterring or guiding fish under environmental conditions applicable to Arkansas Nuclear One, no further time or funds should be expended in testing or installing such devices at Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit I.

k w

v VIII-4

SECTION IX

. k' CITED LITERATURE Alevras, R. A. 1974. Status of air bubble fish protection systems at Indian Point stations on the Hudson River. Proc. 2nd Entrainment and Intake Screening Workshop, Johns Hopkins Univ. Baltimore, Feb 5-9, 1973,

p. 289-292.

Anon. 1974. A new fish screen: will it work? Electr. World. 181(2):93.

Arkansas Power & Light Co. 1974. Environmental report for Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 2, Arkansas Power & Light Co. , AEC Docket 50-368, Mar 1974.

Bates, D. W. and J. G. VanDerWalker. 1969. Exploratory experiments on the deflection of juvenile salmon by means of water and air jets. U. S.

Dept. Int. , Bur. Comm. Fish. Seattle, Wash. ,11 p.

Bibko, P.N. , L. Wirtenan, and P. E. Kueser. 1974. Preliminary studies on the effects of air bubbles and intense illumination on the swimming behavior of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and the gizzard shad (Dorosona cepedianwn) . Proc. 2nd Entrainment and Intake Screening Workshop, Johns Hopkins Univ. , Feb 5-9, 197 3, p. 293- 304.

Bramsnaes, F. , J. Mogens, and C. V. Otterstrom. No date. Barriers against fish by means of electricity or veils of air.

Brett, J. R. and D. MacKinnon. 1953. Preliminary experiments using lights and bubbles to deflect young spring salmon. J. Fish. Res. Bd.

Can. 10(8): 518-559.

Chittenden, M. E. Jr. 1972. Responses of young American shad, Alosa sapidissima, to low temperatures. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.101(4):680-685.

Colby, P. J. 1971. Alewife dieoffs: why do they occur ? Limnos 4(2):18-27.

Conover, W. J. 1971. Practical nonparametric statistics. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N. Y. , 462 p.

Cowa rd, J. E. 1963. Effect of dissolved salts and temperature on the survival  ;

of threadfin shad. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Arkar.sas, Fayetteville, 30 p.

' Hocutt, C. H. 1973. Swimming performance of three warmwater fishes ex-posed to a rapid temperatur change. Chesapeake Sci. 14(1):11-16.

n IX - 1

Hubbs, C. 1951 Minimum temperature tolerances for fishes of the genera -

Signalosa and Hariohthys in Texas. Copeia 1951(4):297.

Jester, D. B. and B. L. Jensen. 1972 Life history and ecology of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma ospedianwn (Lesueur) with reference to Elephant Butte Lake.

2 New Mexico State Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. R ep. 218, 56 p.

1 King, L. R. 1970. Results of swimming speed and endurance studies on white perch as determined by the Beamish respirometer. Ichthyological Associates Rpt. to Consolidated Edicon Company of New York, Inc.

Maxwell, W. A. 1973. Fish diversion for electrical generating stat'ca cooling systems. A state-of-the-art report for Florida Power & Light Co. , Mar.

Mc Connell, W. J. and J.H. Gerdes. 1964. Threadfin shad, Dorosoma pretensnes, as food of yearling centrarchids. Calif. Fish Game 50(3):170-175.

Quirk, Lawler, and Matusky. 1973. Statistical analysis of fish impingement data, Indian Point generating station. Rpt. to Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.

S Riesbol, H. S.

1975. Fish screens: the state of the art - 1. Electr. World

)

183(6):155-156. .

Sharma, R. K. 1974 Siting and designing of water intake structures to minimize fish kills. Draft of paper presented at 10th Water Resources Conf. , Las Croabas, Puerto Rico', Nov 18-22, 1974. Avail, from author, Argonne National Lab. , Argonne , Ill.

Sinclair, C. B.

1968-1975. Dardanelle Reservoir - Illinois Bayou embayment background survey. Prog. Rpts. for the years 1968 through 1975. Little t Rock Univ. Prepared for Arkansas Power and Light Co., Little Rock.

Smith, K. A. 1961 Air curtain fishing for ..!aine sardines. Comm. Fish.

Rev. 23(3): 1 14.

i Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical methods. Iowa St. Univ. Press, Ames, 1

Tatum, B.

1975a. Dardanelle Reservoir fish survey. Proj. 873, Prog.

Rpt. ' 3. Prepared for Arkansas Power & Light Co. , Little Rock.

IX-2

l[3 Tatum, B.

Rpt. 4. 1975b. Dardanelle Reservoir fish survey. Proj. 873, Prog.

Prepared for Arkansas Power & Light Co. , Little Rock.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1972 Literature survey of fish behavior to screening and guiding devices at water intakes and a recommended future testing program. Flume study. Prepared for Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1974a. Indian Point impingement study report for the period 15 June 1972 through 31 December 1973. Prepared for Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1974b. Report covering proposed fish monitoring, air curtain testing, and thermal shock survey at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1. Prepared for Arkansas Power & Light Co. ,

Little Rock.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1975. Evaluation of potential impact of impingement on fishery resourt.-s and dissolved oxygen, Dardanelle R e s e rvoir. Semiannual Rpt.

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1973

(

Proposed Appendix B to facility operating license DPR-26 For Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. , Indian Point Nuclear Generating Units Numbers 1 and 2, Docket Numbers 50-3 and 50-247, Environmental Tech. Spec. Require-ments for Once-Through Cooling, Aug 7,1973 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1973. Development document for proposed best technology available for ninimizing adverse environmental impact of cooling water intake structures. EPA 440/1-74-015 1

4

,+.

IX-3

• 4

-*m_

APPENDIX A TABULATED DATA 78

(,

Table A-1 Numbers and Biomass

• of Fish Species Impinged during Fall Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkans e 4uclear One- Unit 1, October 21-November 30, 1974 Air Curtala On Air Cartala Off Oct 23 Oct 22 Oct 23 Total Oct 24 Oct 25 Oct 26 Total Species No. *. No. We No. We No. Wt N o. Wt No. Wt No. Wt No. We White base 20 I.00 le 0.69 19 0.88 53 2.50 0.88 7 0.31 le 5 0.19 26 5.38 Threadfla shed 1.418 8.25 T22 7.38 974 9.88 3.114 25.51 8.887 14.50 2.374 19.94 23.00 3.234 7.495 57.44 Glasard shed 1.099 l 3.84 .. 68 15.06 1.208 Ifl. 88 3.975 34.75 1.029 11.38 1.021 12.00 730 9.63 Blue cadleh 2.780 32.94 185 5.44 ISI 2.00 78 1.13 444 8.57 18 0.50 34 0.56 16 0.38 68 I.37 Chamael catfish 5' 2.00 103 4.81 74 3.38 232 10.89 84 2.25 62 2.25 85 3.25 238 7.75 Freshwater drum 82J 1.25 Ret 2.25 70 1. 77 33l 5.27 27 0.75 27 0.25 8 0.40 62 I.40 Whlte crapple 15 1. 94 20 3.50 28 2.00 63 7.44 23 2.25 24 1.44 le 0.07 61 3.76 Missleelppi aliverelde 4 0.01 4 0.08 2 <0.08 10 0.02 3 0.02 3 <0.01 1 0.01 5 0.03 Goldea ehtaer 8 0.06 3 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.01

,,, II 3 3 2 8 0.06

Bluegill sunfish 17 0.38 4 0.02 7 0.83 28 0.53 3 0.06 3 0.05 6 0.13 e Green sunfish 4 0.01 1 < 0. 0 8 3 0.06 8 0.07 Leagear sunfish 2 05 2 0.08 4 0.06 4 0.01 1 0.01 Wa rmouth 2 0.02 2 0.02 0.02 Redear sunfish

, 1 1 0.02 I <0.04 4 0.00 Orangespotted evalish I s u. 0 8 " I 0.00 Black croppie 6 0.59 6 0.59 0.22 1 1 0.22 Shipjach herring I 0.09 1 0.09

• European corp 1.38 1.38 0.69 common shiner i 8 1 1 0.69 1 0.01 1 0.01 Total 8.284 97.07 10.748 107.19 Specie s Oct 28 Oct 29 Ocs 30 Tot al Oct 3 3 Now I Nov 2 Total No. We N o. We No. We No. We No. Wt No. Wt No. Wt No. Wt White base il 0.69 7 0.63 3 0.25 23 1,57 0.56 0.19 3 7 5 0.38 15 1.13 Threadits shad 328 2.25 597 3.56 27 0.19 945 6.00 12 0.33 8.63 Gissard shed 1.023 I.573 18.50 2.606 20.26 1 71 3. 75 1.323 II. 3 8 174 I.50 3.668 14.56 278 2.31 3.842 37.00 18.63 Blue cadish 1.188 5. 308 '50.94 21 0.25 55 0.56 15 0. I 3 91 0.94 6 0.25 36 0.75 38 0.38 73 1.31 Channet cadish 56 1.19 69 2.50 70 4.19 195 7.88 79 2.88 97 3.06 56 2.75 232 8.69 Freshwater druni 5 0.38 24 0.38 5 1.06 34 1,82 3 0.38 8 8.94 to 0.13 21 2.45 White crappie 12 0.75 14 I.94 6 0.38 32 3.00 2 1.00 0.38 0.56 Miseleelppi eilverside f 4 Il 1.87 g 1 0.01 1 0.01 0.03 1 0.01 4 0.04

., Golden ehtaer 2 0.08 2 0.01 0.01 0.01

• 1 P 1 0.08 4 0.03 Bluegill sunfish 2, 0. 33 6 0.38 5 0.03 13 0.72 0.03 0.02

" 4 4 1 0.83 9 0.18 Green sunfleh I <0.01 I 0.00 <0.01 Leagear sunfish 1 1 0.00 2 0.01 2 0.01 I < 0. 01 1 <0.01 2 0.00 Wa rmouth I 0.08 Skipjack herring 1 0.01 I 0.25 1 0.15 2 0.40 1 0.13 1 0.53 European carp I l.44 I l.44 River carpeacher 1 0.01 1 0. 0 I Blu enose shiner 3 0.02 3 0.02 Smallmouth buffalo 1 1.69 4 1.69 8 1.63 I l.63 Total 3.015 40.09 8.289 88.67 Biomase le presented in pounde.

f eeBiomase values < 0.01 are not included in the totale.

Table A-1 (Contd)

A6e Cortete On Aar CertaLa Off Nov4 Nov 5 Nov 6 Total Nov7 Nov8 Nov9 Total Spechee No. we No. wt No. #t No. No. Wt No.

We We No. Wt No. We White bees 5 0.25 3 0.97 8 8.22 6 0.38 6 0.44 23 2.00 35 2.82 Threadfie ehed 2.45e 23.75 s.100 60.25 8.429 64.88 18.9e5 848.88 85.899 427.69 86.098 140.00 37.465 848.50 48.755 416.89 Classed ehed 1. 323 14.44 ill 2. 32 is6 2.08 8.824 19.57 9 70 8.49 8.19e 9.44 798 II.25 2.964 28.88 Blue cedish 26 0.56 3 0.03 31 0.25 60 0.84 39 0.38 le 0. 25 49 B. 56 86 2.59 Channet catfish Se 4.00 29 3.83 35 0. 8) 852 7.94 26 0.94 10 0.25 46 8.44 82 4.63 Fre shwater 16 8. 00 12 0.88 31 3. 76 59 5.57 28 2. 38 le 1.44 68 2.56 512 6.31 White croppae 1 0.83 6 0. 75 II 0. 8 ) Is I. 78 5 0.25 7 0.84 le 2.38 29 3.58 M&esteelppa salverende 3 0.02 1 0.08 3 0.02 7 0.05 2 0.08 6 0.04 8 0.05 Bleegill eenfish 38 0.13 5 0.25 5 < 0. 0 4 37 0. 38 I e 0.04 8 <0.08 2 0.00 g Creen sunfleh I 4 0.08 1 0.00 8 < 0. 0 8 8 0.00 Longeer eenfleh 2 0.08 2 0.03

) Orangespetted eenfish Shipsack herring I < 0. 0 8

0. 0 8 < 0. 01 2 0.00 1 0.04 8 0.04 1 1 0.06 8 0.05 4 0.05 Europeam carp 8 0.44 8 0.44 8 8.06 8 8.06 River carpeecher I 2.39 3 2.49 Bieneneee shaner 8 0.03 1 0.01 8 0.08 3 0.08 Smallmouth buffalo I 0.04 1 0.04 2 0.02 8 <0.08 8 0.08 2 0.08 Black hellhead i O.02 8 0.02 Brook silvere6de 1 40.(1 1 0. 00 Largemouth hese 5 0. 38 8 0. 38 Total 21.862 188.95 +

52.082 464.13 3

-.L N New li ' Nov B2 New 13 Totsl New B 4" Nov 15 Nov 16 Total e

.pec a. . N o. We No, at No. Wt No. Wt No. We No. We No. Wt No. We White bees 26 0.69 43 1.13 4 0.25 78 2.07 28  !.'4 54 0.97 1 4.30 83 3.48 Threadfan shad 119.027 8.233.94 84,55 860,07 15 3.49e 8.607. 51 357.056 3,708.82 175.876 8.994.7 94.516 2.924.91 97.235 B.064.50 527.627 5.984.88 ,

Gissard obed 5.748 57. 39 6. 37t, 59.19 5.045 55.58 17.823 472.36 15,698 873.48 22.135 254.63 9.260 93.82 47.093 521.63 Bles cedish lie 8.74 169 l.69 178 8.72 528 5.82 306 3.48 216 8.68 396 5.28 918 80.23 Channet catfish 152 3.67 215 5.65 88 3.69 455 31.01 75 5.64 108 9.94 42 1. 30 225 36.92 Freehwater drem 221 30. 0e 153 5.65 289 14.54 663 30.24 788 89.42 L.025 28.09 396 16.94 2.832 58.25 White crappie il 3.55 23 8.88 43 5.22 99 10.65 98 2.30 los 2.58 73 2,08 272 6.09 Mississappa ellvere6de 26 0.28 19 0.14 33 0.36 78 0.03 156 0.99 270 1.68 42 0. 36 468 2.96 g Bluegill eenfleh 2 0.01 0.01 19 <0.01 27 <0.01 10 <0.01 56 < 0. 00 Green eenfish 27 0.15 27 0.15 Longear senfish 1 *0.08 8 0.00

" Warmouth 19 0.89 19 0.89 European carp i 1. 06 I 1. 0s, River esrpeecher Il 7.82 9 e. 2 s 13 9.63 33 23.86 Bluntnese shaner il P.15 33 0.15 Smallmouth buffale 54 0.64 Black hellhead 54 0.64 1 0.01 1 0.08 Brook silvere&de 27 0. 32 Talapaa 27 0.32 II 2. 26 9 0. ?? 13 3. 76 33 6.77 Blantaose minnow 27 0. 32 27 0. 32 Total 376.237 3.965.4 570.902 6.605.68 Biomase le presented in pounde

• • Average of succeeding two test days

(

~, ,A

\.

Table A-1 (Contd)

AirCorteteOe Aar Certate Off Newat .9 l New20 Total how28 New 22 Nov 23 Total s,.c ie . N wi N s. w, No. wt N .. wt No. wt N.. wi N wi No. wi wute bees i44 4.86 7e i. i2 26 0. n 286 6. 74 35 0.84 77 8.80 23 0.47 ul 3. n Threadfie shed 207.070 2.434.94 s k. 69 3 2,184.13 829.928 I.468.47 497.682 6.030.51 307.579 4.045.90 846.296 2.038.59 9Z 460 663.31 506.343 6.740.84 Cteemed shed M.545 572.24 e. 9 77 65.59 2.654 45.09 44.876 642.09 9.506 825.74 84 474 208.19 6.455 107.97 30.132 434.90 Blee cattleh I.259 88.54 850 8.48 206 3.14 2.323 23.20 35 0.84 288 8.43 170 B.95 486 3.92 Chassel catfloh 79 0. 30 872 8. 78 64 0.68 385 2.69 133 8.13 39 0.31 472 8.44 Freebweter drum 768 B l. 54 4.030 27.44 64 0.76 1.055 39. 74 106 1.25 192 12.15 123 2.48 428 15. 8 B white crappte S2 0.68 S7 0.45 109 8.06 35 0.42  % 0.45 69 0.39 200 1.26

, belastestypl etivero6de 105 8.21 248 2.45 353 3.66 70 0.44 77 0.68 3B 0.23 178 B. 75 Green eeafteh Il < 0. 0 B 13 0.00 35 <0.01 35 0.00 Leegeer eenfloh 8 0.08 8 0.04

• • wormouth 8 40.08 8 8.00 Orsageopoeted esefish 13 0.85 IS 0.15 Black croppie 35 0. 84 35 0. 84 5bipjech herring 13 0.76 43 0.76

• Smallmeesh beffalo 13 0.85 il 4.85 39 40.0B 19 < 0. 00 Tuapaa 34 9.59 38 9.59 8 8.95 8 1.95 Blessnese miesow 19 0.23 19 0.23 Tesal 547.189 6.783.84 538.829 7.206.87 New 25 New 26 Nov 27 Total Nov 28** Nov 29 New 30 Tstal W Species No. wt No. wt No. wt No. wt No. wt N o. wt No, wt No. wt white bees 3I 0.07 IS 0.58 36 0.49 85 2. 34 38 0. 94 25 0.52 58 8.35 184 2.83 Threadfle ehed 140.062 8.605.79 29.733 32t 47 32.687 324.38 202.392 2.257.64 S3.923 653.94 45.930 S40.16 68.915 767.72 16.768 1.168.82 C6asard obed 44.009 . 102. 35 2.946 ew

• 4.475 S t.19 21.430 203.24 2.003 20.98 2.438 28.63 1.583 83.32 6.002 62.93 Blee catiteh 398 5.89 269 2. 2 205 2.08 872 9.92 323 4.57 360 4.70 286 4.44 %9 83.75 Cheesel satfish 92 0.87 68 0.31 50 0.35 240 3.53 102 B. 06 til 0. 76 92 I. 35 306 3.87 Freebooter drem 36 7 33.55 247 4.47 185 5.84 729 23.82 20 3 3.94 288 4.70 594 3.87 608 II 88 white crappae 153 0.69 185 3.59 57 0.70 325 2.98 5G4 0.49 74 0. 35 433 0.63 318 B.47 Mlestestypt ettverside 153 0.07 39 0.38 43 0.25 235 B. 41 78 0.72 74 0. 64 42 0.79 234 2.45 5' Ble. sill esafish 15 < 0. 0 8 7 0.04 4 <0.08 26 0.04 20 <0.04 20 0.00 3 Creen emefish II 0.04 7 <0.08 it 0.04 10 <0.01 to 0.00

• Black crapple 7 0.09 7 0.89 12 0.82 12 0.42 5%Apjack herring 4 0.46 4 0.46

. I seer carpeecker 37 0.23 37 ON 13 Smallmeeth heffab 38 0.87 7 0.04 38 0.25 Blech helthead ll 0.52 4 0.04 35 0.56 Tuerte 4 1.05 4 0.89 8 8.94 Coldfleh BS 0.52 15 0.52 Striped bees I 2.88 I L OS Teeal 226.429 2,717.58 870.392 2.463.1 e

Blomase le preeensed la poemde

" Average of socceeding tee test daye e

e

Table A-2 Numbers and Biomass

• of Fish Species Impinged during Winter Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1, January 139. February 22, 1974 Aar t'ertasm (De Aar Cartesa Off lae il fae le las 3 4 P etal ian is. Jae 3 7 Jae IS spee 6e. N Tatal me  % me W. me N.+. Et N.. me N., We No. Ee No. Et Threadfe= ehad 49.497 70.. 4 J. a t t. le 814,44e 4 7 +. 4.- 8 8.7 74 e4 t, t4 7 4,304.24 447,147 5, $ lt, nl 852,40s . 500.07 471.s29 Cassard shed I. b l .. 4 8 *. 497 4 4no 9.053.45 8.094.864 28.098.37 J a t. e 5 t i e. *e te. 400 L 4. an 4. e. ll 73.50 I t,6, 24 HI.e s anfosh ll W. 9 4

• a.Ge ll.a6J 2 7J. 9e. 4.825 2t.188 542. 30 J6 u.Jt Chaneel e stf aeh 48 0. 50 J. 77

=.14 0.44 57 86. 50

.$ t hste c e sppte a 1. id 0. 30 17 57 86. 30

0. 74 44 J. JJ 73 htne s. eth er eade 44 0.37 tot 0.98 74 It.62 78 86.62 4p*omb411 < effeek

0. e.4 JJJ 1. 'ed il 0. J 3 57 0.45 80 0.98 i 2. II Total I 2. Il t 0,JJn 4. 7 4. eg 8.185,698 28,619.63 f an 20 e e la tan J. 7.w as fan il aan 44 spes se. Jan 25 Total N at  %., as  % ut  % Et No. 29 No. 29 No. Et No. We t hite Ina o le es. l J 84 Threadise shad 0.84 10 0. s l as

72. W I, e e.g. 79 e4,nel J.ee44. 4 4 44 4 0 8 Se.4.41 244.467 4.777.164 4s.. ll4 1,0%J. 5 7 188.575

2. 6 e la 1.05 J> Gasaard shed J4, toi t.. + 5 9 4.444 7. . J I 4. no 99.54 1.561.02 174.887 5.203.55 312.504 6.187.84 plac catfish 44. 4:e 44i.Jn J.415  % I. e 7 2.102 35. 90 7,398 I

Q 37 p. JO la e. J I to 3. 0.. .4 1.47 8 2en. 8 2 32.824 235.99 4 Chamael e atfish 103 0. WJ le 0.11 30 0.58 73 1. 4

• 171 .. t a

= F reshm ater dren. e,. J e 40 0.01 48 0.67 15 0. 70 Is 4e 7, 7 6M 7. a n 39 5.44 #

ti. hin o s. e sli e r e nde Ju 8. e,7 47 7. l t la u JB in H. 44 44 haack crappse G. 4 % 80 0.81 49 0.57 28 0.33 37 1.01 44pla(b herrans le 6. . a 30 e- JS Tot al 23 12. 38 J3 82. 34 J

• J0 7 4. 444.49 144.450 6.355.45

• tan J' faa J5 las J

• Total Jan to

Pef 4e*  % It t Jaa la f~eb I Total

%.. me s. Et  %.. go N. Et No. ut No. Et Rhne ha e N o. Wf Threadfan ehad 119.9#7 J. Joa. 4 7 10. 704 44. il 0.75 14 In. 44n 44* 44 Cesaard ahad l#. 4'en 417. JO 4 4.e te 4. l J4. m4 le.529 382.70 2s.. no B1 0. 7 )

t.043 47. 9% J 402 5 75. 0e, 24.300 547.54 70.509 hioe tatfeek Ill 3.04 4 *. e n Jl.*tt 447.46 9.9 47 544.94 J4.727 8.435.30 42 n. 4 e 324 g. I e J .- 4.9.96 8.861 837.32 42.425 772.20 Chamael catisch JJ 0. J. 4J J8 late. 4.55 347 1.1 44 a. 4 4 loM 4,48 328 J, q q e,,4 Freshmater drem JJ 0. J , 34 4.40

l. # 7 79 8. J I Bl 0.21 I I,4 7 t hate etappte ., l. i t #J 4 M's 342 2.08 296 1.50 7 0.24 JJ J. 74 3 halee. e sli er e nde 44 Q. 4 6 87 47 2.42 76 5.40 3 Orangespotted eenissh u. l e 14 0.97 97 40 0.42 40 0.42

8. On it

• 0 us 0.lt 24 c o li IS

, l eropese carp n e 0. 0# 0.46 R. 6 4 Creen eeniseh e N. e.4 lengear eenfish Illach heathead 8 0.07 0 0.07 Wortnoee ser ll 0.42 at 0.42 I 2.00 rhesteet lamprey I 2.00 S 0.14 0 0.14 Total Il 3.27 18 887.551 1.27 1.644.24 a

434.394 2.233.54 Biomase se presented to pounds es heese of two precedseg test days J

f Table A-2 (Contd)

Air Certaae Og Air Certain Off Feb5 t eh 4 Feb 5 Total Feb6 f eb 7 - Feb8 Total Spec 6ee No. We No. ut N, We Nu, at No. to No. At lie. We No. Wt Threadfla shed 37.990 481.2* 23.945 457.30 24.J02 460.09 e+.335 C&aserd skad 1. 928.4s 14.s52 274.9) 48.834 e75.e4 225.045 ' 3.568.50 208.733 4.788.98 4.260 67.30 s. 085 e2. 9 5 3. e 50 52. 25 13.125 252.26 8.046 , 26.848 Blee satfieh 872.Il 408.25 19.702 476.87 54.669 I.056.55 30 8.02 804 1. 2e 58 0. 5s 192 J 8e Channet eatraen 90 4. 6e 194 9 0.09 66 2.0* 34 0.34 109 2.57

s. ll 120 2. ee 709 10.54 282

> Freehweter dresa 30 0. 10 4.82 I42 8.42 34 0. 34 458 5.88 es. 8.51 so 4.56 456 6 I7 3m 6.04 22 0.13 7 White crappie 25 0.11 le 5.05 94 ' II.22 22 0.05 45 0.46 I Mies. atleetelde le 0.10 23 0.22 7 0.05 40 0.37

• Golden ehl=er 44 0.39 44 - 8.39 Il D. 4 3 0.43 Ship;ach herring 7 4.09 7 4.09 II Creen seaf6 h il 5.04 Il 5.04 23 0. 53 23 0.35

• Imagear o.afish to 0.29 30 0.29 Blach bellhead il 0.26 Il 0.26 Total st.247 1. 5= 5. 90 337.838 5.000.88 +

Feb 10' Feb 11 Feb12 Tue al Feb 15 Feb 14 Feb 15 ' Total Spectee Me Et N.e. Et N. He

> Threadlin ehad e.85. 912 84.588.98 La. Et No. Wt No. Et No. WB Ns. Wt g

950.743 in. le.2.14 448.088 10.4 1.47 2.057.73e 42.915.75 322.479 e. 58 3.02 243.829 6.005.05 143.t06 3.044.82 e

m '"

Ciseard ehed 48.842 647.s0 39.535 e.4 7. le 41.850 5m s. 02 125.525 1. e5 5. 20 52.565 3.078.02 18.765 250.82 6.090 147.05 759.414 15.620.09 Blue cotisak 15e 86.81 77.420 3.475.59 H

j Channet catisch 172 2.68 15e t. s + let 3. 52 15s 585 13.14 7.82 e5 0.77 IOS 105 1.25 0.65 40 807 ' O 96

2. 56 250 212 4.54 8.59 Freshwater drum BAtea. eilverende SS 0.65 53 8. 13 806 8.94 53 0.65 53 0.63 Tot al 2.183.914 44.s09.94 837.455 17.120.58 _

Feb 87 Feb In Feb 19 T mal Feb 20 Feb 28 Feb 22 Total Specie s No. We No. Et No. We No. Et No. We No. We No. We No. We Threadfie shad 163.887 3,276.30 232.509 4. s7s ze. 229.522 5. e, l l . 2 4 C6asard shad s.2e. 14 e i t. 76 7. s0 iss. 60 3 4.05t. 95 142.400 3.236.85 462.584 4, M I. 64 493.587 18.645.40

3. 3 7e 70.54 4.739 64.27 2. le.4 57.29 10.479 1.943 40.59 Blee satfish 29 l*l. 90 1.086 80.33 5.052 63.64 9.988 484.56

0. 34 82 0.99 150 l.13 24 0.33 184 y Channet catfish 28 0. 34 824 0.49 284 8.77 282 2.80

3. 70 456 2.51 4.s I.23 166 0.66 258

. Freehwa erdrem e

47 8.33 492 3.22

8. 70 47 8. 70 205 B. 23 55 0.33 I White croppie 260 1.56

" 47 0.57 47 0.57 28 0.33 37 0.44 65 0.77 Mnee. elavere6de 24 0. 34 25 0. 34 Celden shiner 55 0.66 37 0.44 92 8.10 28 '0. 34 28 0. 34 Leagnose gar I 2.50 l 2.50 Total 637.384 I I. %9. 01 504.689 88,858.75 e

BAemsee la presented in pounde oe Mese of two preceding test days ,

j J

Table A-3

- Numbers and Biomass

• of Fish Species Impinged during Spring Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One -Unit 1, April 21-May 31,1975 Aar Curtaan On A&r Certeia Off Apr da AprJJ Apr 25 Total Apr 24 Apr 25 Apr 26 Total we tes No. He No. Wt N o. We No. We No. We N o. We No. Wt No. Wt t hese hae. 64 0.60 9 0. e 4 40 s.15 el 9.44 25 0.07 47 2.55 Il 0.34 SS 3.54 Threadise eka4 II.0ml 250.44 2. e.89 49. 80 1.597 27.57 87,543 107.61 1.085 55.50 986 37.00 687 17.69 2.618 59.79 Geasard shed 5.594 194.60 8,2e4 54.43 8.256 50.96 8.514 299.69 2.854 40.51 8.370 05.00 2,459 33.17 6.402 223.58 Blee camisob I.e97 55.07 4. p 8.40 244 5.04 1.669 27.08 %05 89.79 544 6.60 287 4,54 1, 876 10.93 Chassel satinah 3,729 24.47 f le. - I I. 55 m25 12.8) 3.0s4 50.45 7sl 19.79 til 19.99 8.225 10.97 2.859 50. 75 Fresheeter deem s.789 l**. 41 2.J*% 129.90 B.850 7. Se 12.864 605.07 8.497 306. 7m gae 57.00 754 63.50 3.515 2 2 7. ' e 7* u hwe crappie se e.4% 46 0.69 30 0. e.1 55a I. 7e il 0.14 I? 0.84 35 0.33 55 0 48 G.dden ebaser 4 0.04 4 0.04 10 0.27 ll- 0.04 23 0. 3 %

• • lileesalt eenfish 2t a. I l 4 0 09 7 0.43 34 0.61 5 0.05 -1 0.05 4 0.04 82 0.52 kusallmeiseh buffalo 3 0.44 5 0.44 Illach belthead il 0. 94 7 0.87 le 0.51 7 0.44 4 0.04 18 0.83 liner carpeecher 5 0.30 1 0. 50 4 7.50 4 7,50 8.oropese carpeecher il II.4d 3 4. 58 84 15.06 5 4.59 4 30.45 9 55.04 8argenieu e h base 5 0.14 5 0.84 Flathead satiseh 11 0.11

• 0.09 9 0.05 JB 0.25 5 0.84 7 0.04 4 0.83 86 0.48 8 Tosal 42.788 4.586.78 86.459 658.20 Os Aprla Apr 24 A pe 10 Total May i M..y 2 May l Toe al W. o. - h e. at  % mt No. - wt No. We No. Wt No. 29 No. We No. He Shsee base 4 G. 8 4 2 0.04 7 0. le. 84 0.60 3 3.30 6 0.35 9 3.43 Threadfie shed nl 1. 4e. 570 2. se. 25 0.45 2 76 4.55 53 0. 74 56 0.25 6 9.82 73 8.88 Gaasard shad 1.529 0 2. us 742 12.22 585 25.00 2.850 855.88 858 14.79 660 10. 79 470 24.B9 8.988 89.77 Illee c aefseh 548 6.00 117- 3.44 Is 2.69 106 82.85 40 7.45 65 1.59 IS 0.B0 528 9.00 Channel s atisch 474 14.17 227 10.38 874 7.49 075 38.96 I9S 7. 8 ) 95 2.80 60 2.62 156 12.61 Freeheater droni 524 54.20 to t 27.00 269 Is.77 1.176 100.77 272 89.06 4A 7.90 74 II.54 4 54 39. 30 phnee crappee 55 84.87 27 12.05 47 15.94 109 42.84 96 12.97 95 28.05 7! 25.67 262 06.69 3 Goldee sh4eer 20 0.45

• 0.28 29 0.36 Il 0.06 38 0.06

% RIsestil evadaeh 7 0.44 5 0.68 52 0.62 Il B. 99 9 8.51 42 0.39 32 1.49 Cree asefash si 0.17 6 0.87 Loesear esafseh 2 0.09 2 0.09 57 0.57 6 0.39 25 0.96 Isl4< b c rappee - A l . ue- 2 0.59 7 8. 6% 5 1.15 3 3.35 hmalinweek beffale 4 4.78 5 7.90 80 15.68 5 4.95 3 4.93 E eropean c arp J J. O. 2 2.06 6 7.09 3 3.76 9 9.85 le 20.70 largemouth base 5 8.29 5 9.49 Arbeeses Sher eks er 1 0.03 3 0.03 Flathead enefieh 3 0.01 3 0.05 Toeal 5.679 149.01 3 lla 275.64 B6emasa na presented in pesada ,

s .

p m i 1 Table A-3 (Contd)

Air Certa 6e Oe Air Certale Off May 5 May 6 May ? Tesal Maye May 9 May le Total No. We N o. Wt No. We No. We Me. Wt No. We No. Wt No. We Spectee Whue base 6 0 25 2 0.07 0 0.30 2 0.nl B 0.03 I 0.07 4 0. 2 B Threadine ehed 3 0.0% 5 0.09 0 0.26 le 0.40 0 0.19 4 0.43 4 8. 43 36 0.45 Gassere shed 229 80.25 J50 9.31 877 7.30 656 26.94 161 7.38 857 7.63 860 9.00 466 24.08 Blee catf6eb 16 8.83 IS 0.19 le 0.59 52 1.98 20 0.44 83 B. 06 6 0.00 39 8.50 Channel cetfleh 25 1.44 52 2.56 42 1. 38 99 9.38 30 B. 75 29 8.85 23 8.35 82 4.08 Freshester drum Al 2.61 47 4.44 Il 2.63 71 6.70 ' 20 ' B. 69 40 L 30 48 4.38 90 0.45' Whee croppee 50 82.25 a.7 14.63 73 II.e9 190 30.97 50 83.65 el 6.39 92 7.50 803 27.32 Mnestenppt etivers6de 1 0.08 8 0.02 2 0.08 4 0.04 Goldee ebener 4 0.04

• 4 0.04 5 0.05 2 0.08 2 0.04 4 0.0$

0 Bleegill ovelieh 4 0.43 = 0.54 20 0.92 Il 3.59 4 0.33 0 0.90 S 3.04 87 L 35

% Green esefish 3 0.03 3 0.01 5 0.03 4 0.08 2 0.04 Leegear eenfish 4 0. 2s. 5 0.44 9 0.04 2 0.09 I 0.06 2 0.16 5 0.38 e'.

Warenseth I O.04 8 0.04 Oreageopoeted esefloh 2 0.08 2 0.01 3 0.04 3' O.04 Smallmeeth hoff ale 2 L 75 2 3. 7% 8 B. 30 $ 7.08 9 9.13 3 S.30 0 14.58 Black bellhead I 0.08 I 0.01 2 0.04 2 0.06 2 0.06 A6ver carpeecher B 2.00 1 2.00 I 4.69 3 S.69 B 1.50 2 8.63 5 3.43 Europeas earp' 2 3.44 2 2.20 4 0.50 8 14.54 2 2.94 8 8.25 3 4.39 Chesteet lamprey 2 0.20 3 0.27 5 0.47 4 . 0.44 0 0.88 2 0.22 14 1. S4 Lergemouth hees I 0.10 1 6.le Bigmeeth hoffale 2 2.05 2 2.88 953 92.49

• Total B.160 B 16.92 8

M May 12 May 13 May 14 Teesl May 15 May 16 May 17 Total

& No. No. Wt No. We s' Species No. WB N o. We No. We No. We No. We We 2 0.29 4 1.09 0.03 S B.4 5 2 0.30 8 0.04 3 0.43 whate base 5 0.37 7 0.15 2 0.07 1 0.09 42 0.31 4 0.83 4 0.09 6 0.85 84 1%readine shed 6.56 372 17.00 99 5.83 132 0.06 76 5.25 30 7 18.44 95 S.00 125 S.44 852 Cdseerd shad 0.53 1.75 33 0. 94 4 0.80 74 2.07 9 0.39 0 0.08 7 0.04 24 Blue catfish 56 l.00 L ee 3.25 25 0.88 28 1.25 87 Soll l9 1.00 25 0.40 4B SS Cheeeel satilah el 442 a l.0 8 92 S.69 64 3.69 55 L 30 All 88.76 45 2.50 103 4.56 96 4. 75 Fresherster drem 202 10.25 684 28,69 White etappte 226 82.25 499 9.44 295 6.44 1.014 28,83 201 4.69 479 6.75 I 0.02 0.02 1 0.08 I 0.0L Miseleelppa ellwerelde 8 7 0.06 5 0.05 82 0.88 4 0.04 2 0.02 6 0.06 12 0. B 2 Goldes obleer I.20 6 0.49 2 0.18 28 8.88 9 0.69 ll 0.89 7 0.38 2' O.99 Bleegill seetneh Il

$ 0.04

= Green seafteh 2 0.03 2 0.01 2 0. 0 L 3 0.03 I 0.09 0.00 2 0.80 8 0.08 2 0.83 3 0.84 o Longear emelleh B 0.09 I 0.08 0.05 2 0.06 1 0.05 2 0.04 3 e'. Wormeeth  !

0.08 Orancespetted senfleh I 8.08 8 2 2.20 2 2.20 6 0.21 4 0.16 le 0.37 Black crepple S.38 2 2.75 4 6.04 4 6. 30 4 6.90 Smalimeeth heffele 2 2

Bleek belthead I 0.48  ! 0.30 2 9.56 I. 0.08 8 0.05 0.02 0.68 8 8.30 1 0.01 3' 2.00 8 0.20 3 0.25 Rlver carpeecher 1 2 B.69 2 2.56 5 2.50 $ .. 7 5 4 4.75 5 8.09 8 S.96 Eeropese serp Chesteet lamprey 5 0.54 7 0.79 4 0.41 It I.74 8 0.82 4 0.44 0 0.S 30 8.00 Arkaosas River ableer 2 0.03 3 0.01 3 u. o 4 ,

I 0.01 0 4.08 3 0.48 F1sthead settleh 0.08 Leg seek I 0.01 1 0.0t 1 0.08 8 Setet le196 00.77 8.580 Se.M h tor *b M i i I i

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Table A-4 Numbere and Biomass

• of Fish Species Impinged during Summer Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1, July 21-August 30, 1975 Air Certaan On Air Certale Off Jol di Jul 22 Jul 2 5 Total Jet 24 Jet 25 Jul 26 Total Specae. No. We No. We No. No.

We We No. We No. We No. WS No. We n0dte bene 8 0.17 0.03 2 0.58 0 2 0.66 2 0.08 4 0.67 Threadfisn ehad 35 0.85 21 0.89 9 0.04 43 0.67 32 0. 30 4 0.14 7 0.04 G2asard shed 0.79 28 0.20 8 2 0.08 2 0.19 12 8.06 6 0.64 4 0. 0S  ? 0.83 17 0.82 Blue catfleh 6 0.28 7 0.98 6 0. 94 19 2.20 8 0.97 Cheeeel satiloh 2 0.24 6 8.09 16 2. 50 23 0.74 22 0.88 Il 0.60 58 2.22 4 0.38 9 1.06 8 0.23 Freshwater drone 28 8.47 52 0. 75 57 0.25 Il 0.60 502 3.70 52 0. 36 36 0. 38 190 3.33 278 2.05 White crappie 8 3.09 3 0.75 5 0.48 16 2. J 3 4 0. 38 Goldes shiner S 0.48 6 2.00 le 2.72 3 0.09 3 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.04 Bleegill eenfleh 1 3 0 3 0.03 I3 I.69 6 0.69 6 0.89 25 3.47 2 0.26 4 0.38 7 0.66.

Green eenfleh I 0.08 Il 1.23 8 0.05 2 0.35 8 0.l4 3 0.08 2 0.22 Leagear eeefleh a 0.30 0. 80 2 0.80

• • Wo rmouth I 0.18 1

2 0.50 8 0.1 B 3 0.08 8 0.00 j Orangeopotted eenf6eh a 0.08 8 0.01 -

3 Black crapple 8 0.04 3 0.04 Skipjack herrieg 1 0.08 8 0.08 River carpeecker 1 0.98 0.98 k Smallmeeth buffele Largemouth hese I l.19 8

6 3.89 I

8 0.05 3 0.05 8 0. 30 1 0.08 2 0.35 Q Striped bene 1 0.08 I 0.08 Shorte6ee gar I l.13 8 8. 8 )

Leagnose ser 3 0.08 Arkenese River shiner I 8 0.03 0.02 3 0.02 Flathead sstiloh 5 0.53 5 0.55 2 0.01 Legperch 0.08 2 0.00

! I 0.01 Total 295 B6. l a 452 13.44 Jul 28 Jul 29 Jul 30 Total Jul 31 Aug i Aug 2 Total Species No. We No. Wt No. We h +. We No. We N o. We No Wt No. We whate haes 2 0.05 0.03 0.00 3 5 2 0.02 7 0.05 8 1.69 17 8. 76 Threadfle shed 23 0.86 9 0.04 6 0.83 56 0.33 16 0.14 llo 0. 18 263 0.88 191 1. 33 Clasare abad 6 0.55 2 0.03 8 0.52 B!se cadleh 15 0.39 45 0.47 40 1.06 800 1.92 7 8.40 80 8.13 4 0.69 28 3.22 2 0.08 8 0.24 Cheeeel satfish 3 0.13 8 3 0.21 Il 0.53 0.34 9 0.28 20 0.68 5 0.20 le 0.88 I4 0. 3 I 37 0.69 Fresheeter drerrn 345 4.34 Is9 8.38 76 8.13 650 6.89 238 8.75 White crappte 8.586 II. 8 9 905 6.38 2.722 59.25 32 1.54 8 0.65 6 8.66 26 3.83 $ 0. 94 9 1.00 9 1,83 23 3.07 g haleeleenppt ellverelde I d 08 1 0.05 2 0.02 2 0.08 Goldes ohteer 3 0.02 8 0. 0 L 3 0.03 3 0.02 0.05

} Bluegill esaftsh 8* Longear eenfleh 3 0. 38 5 0.48 3 0.28 88 1.07 1

3 0.38 5 0.86 0

3 0.08 0.87 2

El 0.02 0.64 I 0.33 1 0.09 2 0.22 0.08 0.08 Warmooth 1 8 2 0.56 I 0.05 0 0.0$

Orangeopetted emefleh 2 0.03 2 0.03 Ship)ech herring I 0.03 3 0.03 Smallmouth buffale B 2.33 1 2.33 Striped base Flathead cattleh 1 0.01 1 0.08 2 0.04 I 0.04 3 0.05 2 0.89 3 0.08 0.08 6 8 0.21 Total 758 l e.12 3.334 29.66

.lom... l. ,r.. .t po.a. .

t.

7 432013 522 5 63 9 30l7 423 2279 89 9 t 0002257 070 0 00 4 e 0233 02 6 W 0802223 000 0 00 3 W 00.I.0920 08321B2

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l 1 l 0100 00 8 4

ta ta o o T T o

2485882 828 8 42 4 .

20Sl 43S 28S2 83 0 211672 4 3 o N 2 2 6 N 84Bt 37I 8 4 3

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83 6a414 842 6 10 S l 12 N N 6293 09 3 4 843 4989 890 8 t 4 28 606 801 0 e 0339626 063 0 W 008008 00 0 W 4 0000000 000 0 7 1 s g o u A . A 647990 BB 2 8 6I o

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Table A-5 Length-Frequency Distribution of Threadfin Shad Impinged during Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1, October 21, 1974-August 25, 1975 Air Certale On Air certale Off ILea/Date Rea/ Dane Le sth I u nl IV V VI No. Messered I u RI IV V V3 No. Meaeored imm) 10/28 80/28 II/4 II/II II/IB 11/2S Each I.magth 10/28 10/28 II/4 II/II II/88 88/25 Each Length 9 30 31 60 20 16 24 29 le 9 112 33 12 34 le 2 le IOS 3 68 90 69 49 228 344 246 260 1.196 IS9 70 370 268 Ist 304 1,let g 98 820 $ 4 84 79 62 238 le 4 34 77 509 36 270 821 850 I I & 3 8 3 S y,, 94  % 256 468 340 334 1.548 203 87 446 352 303 ISO 1.544 I 18 lu IV V VI I u u2 IV V VI 1/83 I/20 1/27 2/3 2/10 2/87 I/83 1/20 t/27 2/3 2/10 2/I7 0 30 38 60 2 e 2 a I I 3 68 90 all 28 SS 23 3 36 256 50 78 29 45 40 26 268

% ,I 98-120 433 144 I46 120 SS 198 749 224 6S Il 139 ISS 875 799

• 128 350 37 IS 9 g 8 32 10 84 B4 Il 87 8 9 23 54 w s 158 880 8 i N 185 210 3 3 218 240 2 2

,] 229 281 242 157 SO 237 1.096 280 149 59 143 234 225

,, 8.848 8 u tu tv v vl I u tu IV V VI

• 4 /25 4/28 S/S S/12 S/19 S/26 4/28 4/28 S/S S/82 S/89 S/26 0 30 g 38 60 t e y

i e y 68 90 4 2 l Eb 7 6 i SkE 7 1" 95-l20 78 38 I0 10 23 E$ B57 63 84 83 82 4 e B06

$ 128-850 14 5 3 2 S $

29 il I I 2 5 [ 20 Ill. ISO

• 181 230 8 I No. Ih

, , 96 44 le 12 27 195 80 16 84 le 9 133 I u tu tv v vi i u na tv v VI 7/28 7/2s 8/4 8/II 8/le 3/25 7/21 7/28 s/4 8/18 8/Is 4/25 0 30

. 31.60 20 89 36 27 Il 3 120 IS SS 34 59 15 30 152

• 68 90 la Il 15 Il If SI IS7 9 9 15 12 19 27 98 98 820 4 I I 3 6 38 46 8 3 4 16 24 121 850 3 3 2 2 3 il 3 2 2 2 8 3 B3 551 850 I I

• • I 45 36 S4 44 40 88 307 27 68 55 36 39 56 288 j

d'

t

, Table A-6 Length-Frequency Distribution of Gizzard Shad Impinged during Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit 1, October 21, 19 74- August 25, 1975 Aar Certaan On Air Certain Off Ran/ Date Rea/ Dete Length I lY V VI il  !!! No. Measured i 11 LII IV V VI No. Measure 4 (ment 80/28 10/2a 11/4 18/11 II/la 11/25 Each Leasth 10/28 80/28 II/4 11/11 11/18 81/25 Eacli tength 0 30 31 60 4 7 2 11 5 4 1 13 23 68 90 to 73 79 44 38 42 349 110 105 75 40 36 33 299 98 120 8 9 il 15 59 54 156 20 7 10 41 49 19 Ll6 128 150 2 5 158 180 1 4 2 I l  ! 5 1

2 3 2

= 108 210 8 4 2 4 2

$ 281 240 18 4 I 2 7 5 4 3 4 16 1 l l 3 241 270 1 2 273 300 1

I I 301 130 t i 1

338 360 3

,,* f, 94 96 100 59 96 li! 554 142  !!8 95 95 86 52 580 I  !! 111 IV V VI I 8/11 El UI IV V VI 1/20 l'27 2 ') 2/10 2 't ? 1,13 1/20 t/27 2/1 2/10 2/17 0 30 38 60 i L t ti.90 3 I I 2 18 22 17 7 16 10 90 2 16 29 il 8 16 82 98 120 69 57 49 02 64 47 168 32 58 84 92 72 45 383 121 150 4 87 23 3 5 8 le 46 6 9 8 8 5 82 t 158 100 t i 2 1 101 210 2 2 4 2 l 4 3 8 3 19 3 2 13 10 2 29 i 211 240 2 6 6 4 5 1 24 3

1 3 6 7 2 3 22 241 270 t i 1 271 300 1 308 130 311 360 361 300 198 420 I I i 95 105 99 100 49 6n Sr.m

, , 82 e5 142 132 94 70 605 I Il 111 IV V \!  ! U 4 '21 4/2a LU IV V VI S/S l'12 5'89 l'26 4/21 4 '2s 5 /5 5/12 $/19 5/26 0 30 38 60 ,

61 30 $ I i 3

• , 1 I 91 820 17 24 15 11 15 s 100 17 1t, ~.

121 850 O 18 20 4 95 Il ll 42 32 is le.0 57 39 0 in 34 16 164 j 154 480 t 4 4 4 4 j 14 2 4 1,

161 210 1 It 9 to e-t 11 o 9 5

ti 4

7 3

7  ;

{ 14 211 240 $ e 0 35 8 16 13 51 7 10 9 0 241 270 10 10 46 t i 1 l 1 271 300 *. 1 I 2 3* 4 t I 2 I I y, ,, 34 42 79 FO 57 172 e4 78 75 76 42 360 1  !! L11 IV V VI I 11 IU IV V 7'21 V1 7/28 4/4 d 'I t 8 la 8'25 7 21 7'2a 0/4 8/11 8/15 8/25 0 30 31 60 2 3 I h 4 11 5 1 1 27 68.90 l 8 0 t 16 i 4 17 6 5 I 34

. 98 120 i 2 2 1 2 2 9 128 150 t i 2 l 158 180 1 2 4 l 3 1 2 i  ! t 9

, ,' 101 280 1 I 3 9 14 2 3 .

2 3 2 1 10 2 4 10 218 240 5 2 4 4 2 9 24 2 4 2 4 12 241 270 & I I 4 2 3 2 5 271 300 I I No. of Fish I M $ 22 7 4 Il 76 H 37 18 15 14 16 114

(

'(v A-13

l Table A-7  ;

i Length-Frequency Distribution of Blue Catfish Impinged during _

Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1, October 21, 1974- August 25, 1975 ,

l I Aar Certaan On Air Certaan CIf p e a / Date S ea /Date Length I U  !!! IV .V VI No. Messered i U IU IV V VI No. Messered (mad 10/21 10 /24 88/4 48/11 II/IS 11/25 Each Leasth 80/23 10/28 IIIe 18/11 11/18 11/29 Each LeeSth 0 30 33 60 4 I I 2 2 2 12 2 6 I I e 41 90 24 28 9 30 37 99 223 20 12 28 39 19 20 ISS 98 120 28 Il 7 9 33 le 454 IS 8 Il 26 44 34 lit 128 890 1 l I 3 4 i S 193 180 t 3 I I b 4 3 1 i  ! I II 808 210 I I 2 I 2 3 I I 8 288 240 t i 241 270 278 300 I I 2 3 308 330 h 331 360 348 390 398 420 428 450 498 480 1 448 910 588 540

$4 8.$70 l I y'* 60 en is 42 73 Ils 399 44 25 49 75 35 $7 283 1 U IU !Y V VI 1 U IU IV V VI t/13 I/20 I/27 2/3 2/14 2/17 1/13 t /20 1/27 2/3 2/10 2/17 4 30 31 60 I l 5 4 7 68 90 t a le 7 I I 21 I 28 2 2 2 35

• 91 820 t 3 14 13 2 Il 43 8 3 4 St

] 12 3. t 50 1 1 3 193 180 1 I I I 181 250 1 I 3- St 6 95 *s y,, ,, 2 5 24 20 1 I 79 7 6 i U 18 av v VI 1 3 18 IV V V8 4/23 4/28 t/9 t /12 4/19 l/26 4/28 4/28 9/S $ /12 $/19 t /26 0 30 l I 38 60 I I 2 68 90 25 28 il 'e if *G 24 11 a 13 6 62 98 120 31 87 34 80 le 186 39 le 25 4 22 104 121 190 l 3 4 1 9 2 4 6 158 180 2 3 2 {

Q 7 2 1 4 2 9

108 210 t i 2 4 I 6 3 2 t I 7 I 248 240 3 2 2 3 1 10 t i 1 j 248 270 278 300 1 1

i

{

2 l 3 c

301 330 t i l 2 2 I ] 3 338 360 i f, I 3 343 340 t i 2 2 2 391 420 t 5

• • "" 63 to 42 24 40 239 70 33 40 24 28 895 y,

8 U Ul tv v vt i 12 31 IV V V1 7/23 7 /2 s s /4 mill alta n /25 7/21 7/28 s/4 till . 4/18 8/29 0 30 St 60 t i 2 2 1 3 61-90 4 e 12 2 27 1 7 2 23 4 37 91 120 I I 2 I I B21 450 4 8 8 6 1 1 2 858 180 6 3 2 2 l 13 3 2 4 2 2 I le 181 210 1 6 8 2 3 4 17 2 3 4 4 3 5 19 241 240 3 3 I 3 4 6 20 5 8 4 I $ 4 to 248 270 4 4 1 3 1 13 3 2 4 3 12

= 278 300 I I I I 2 4 308 330 t I l' 338 360 1 1

,l 368 390 l 398 420 I I 428 450 498 480 488 910 til 940 648 570 \

578 600 I I ,

19 28 14 23 10 is nel il la 85 35 18 16 112 A-14

, e Table A-8 i

Length-Frequency Distribution of Channel Catfish Impinged during Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One- Unit 1, October 21, 1974- August 25, 1975

.., c.. .e.. oo . . , c. . o.

..e , oe.e ..e,-

i. ..I, I o m ,, v vi ... u.s e.. u m iv V Vi . m e.,e.

Isiwn! 10/24 89/28 88/4 88/11 41/18 8 8 /2$ Eset Leegen 10/21 10/28 33/4 11/82 II/14 88/25 Each Leeeen

e. 30 18.44 2 4  ? le 4 II 4 7 6 8 4 39 61 94 7 to IB la Il il 807 26 29 le 6 le 16 97 91.120 le 6 4 2 24 9 9 4 1 21 821.850 27 42 Il 1 2 3 le al 16 8 2 i L ll til. ISO I 2 2 2 7 3 2 8 1 7 188.230 4 8 2 1 12 2 l 4  ?

{

h 281 240 148 270 2 2 4 1 I I I I 2 I I e i n 271 500 1 2 3 101 150 I I i 5 I i 131.340 968 190 991.420 421.460 t i No. of Faen le 4s 92 to 17 39 212 70 63 18 12 12 10 212 u es ou red I U I!! IV V VI I II UI IV V VI t il l IIIe I r27 2/3 2/10 ill ? 1/11 1/20 t i27 213 alle 2157

0. 10 si.60 i i i 1 ,

68.*0 2 7 7 20 2 10 es I 14 ll 5 Il te

. 98.120 1 2 4 7 5 4 1

• 128 350 2 8 3 5 1 I i 1 1 1 9 191.980 1 I I 8 135 210 I 2 t i 288.244 248 270 1 8 278.300 1 I y No. et F.eh 2 le 27 II 5 le el i 2 le 44 6 il 106

.t u .e - e.

'k I  !! III BY Y VI I  !! til IV V VI elli 4/28 9/9 4/12 t/14 t /26 4/28 4/28 til 1/12 t/19 t/26

0. 30 31.60 9 I I t a e I I 2 3 68.90 la Il li 21 29 121 59 18 4 le ll 140 41.420 20 4 6 I la 12 6 4 4 21. l le 1 25 14 22 24 le 1 *1 28- 17 16 4 2 69 I ll .100 1 4  % a e 3 20 2 6 i  : .4 3 $ le ies.2ie 2 I s i t i a 1 y 2 8 t.2 40 1 1 I 3

1 4 I I 2 1 7 241.270 I l 1 2 9 2 2 3 6 3 6 h 271 100 I I 5 2 i #

)

B BOL. lle 2 I 1 I I Ill. M0 t 2 3 l J

M 1.190 2 2 141.420 1 1 421.450 I t i 1 461.440 441 550 ti l. 940 I 1 No. et Floh 76 na 47 17 40 2a8 17 le le ll 19 271 Mose. red I 18 til IV V VI i 11 III IV V VI 7/28 t/2a sie e/tI esta n ill 7/28 f r23 gt4 gral site 8/29

0. 30 11 68 8 1 6 5 l Il 7 2 2 2 Il

68. 94 5 6 la 16 in 11 64 7 16 Il 7 11 14 70 98 120 27 - 4 16 7 le 9 at 6 4 14  ? 5 4 42 Ill.lle II 4 Il it  ? 8 la e 9 S Il 9 12 St Ill.ite 7 4 6 e '

I 91 2 2 7 4 5 5 23 181 210 1 I I l 9 4 I e I l I la 213 260 1 2 9 1 1 4 5

, 241 270 1 I 2 8 1 271 300 I i Sol. lle ll' .160

' 1 &

M t. 590 198.429 421 448 8 I 418.440 444 950 111. 640 I I

$48 570

, . 571.600 1 1 Ne, et Fle6 19 29 60 99 to 13 261 Il I? 41 14 I? 43 133 Measseed A-15

1 1

Table A-9 O Length-Frequency Distribution of Freshwater Drum Impinged during Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One -Unit 1, October 21, 1974- August 25, 1975 ~

Aar Corteen On Aar Certaan Off l i

u D.se Run /Dete Length I D IH BY Y VI No, Measured I 1D V

!! IV VI No, Measured f rnen) 10/28 80/28 11/4 18/11 18/18 11/25 Each Length 80/28 10/28 II/4 II/Il 18/18 18/25 Each Leagth j 0 30 31 60  ?  ? 5 13 4 7 43 7 5 6 17 4 3 35 1 68.90 36 17 18 24 63 83 248 24 8 14 59 28 26 856 1 98 120 8 4 4 I le 22 $3 1 4 7 16 3 4 39  !

128 150 8 2 2 3 2 8 2 3 4 9 '

ill.180 t I I 5 9 2 2 2 6

188 210 1 2 I I I 6 i L l 3

= 288 240 t i 2 2 1 2 3 6 g 148 270 1 1 3 2 7 8 3 2 3 9 271 300 2 1 3 2 9 1 2 3 4 301 330 t i 338 360 t I 2 1

368 390 398 420 I I No. of Floh SS 34 36 47 al 123 ISO 39 28 43 100 29 36 268 M ea evred I II Iff IV V VI I H in IV V VI 1/13 1/20 1/27 2/3 2/10 2/17 1/13 1/20 1/27 2/3 1/10 2/17 0 30

, 11 60 1 2 3 68 90 2 3 Il i 28 3 2 1 5 10 91 12C 2 2 4 l l 3

2 4 121 150 1 I I 3 2 2

= Ill.180 t i 2 I 3 j 188 250 I I 2 2 4 g 213 240

..,h i

248 270 t I I I 271 300 l J 301 330 1 1 i

2 1 l j No. of Flah 9 8 at i I 33 3 4 7 M..e.,ed 3 8 29 I II III IV V VI I If IH IV V VI '

4/28 4/28 5/5 1/12 5159 5/26 4/28 4/24 S/S S/12 $ /19 S/26 i

0 30 l 31 60 68.90 88 3 3 2 26 5 1 3 9 91 120 28 12 8 23 23 af 21 10 9 128 150 30 40 18 15 30 3t tot I3 816 34 12 18 le 9 80 151 180 18 Il 5 7 4 40 to S 10 6 4 35 181 250 7 8 8 3 3 29 6 50 3 4 8

218 240 4 24 I

, 8 3 2 4 10 2 2 2 i S T 3 248 270 1 2 2 I e 6 2 4 l

2 2 1 e Il '

E 171 500 8 I $ 2 I 308 330 I  !

2 2 6 4 1 2 8 h 4 338 360 I I I l I 3 2 368 390 2 8

398 420 428 450 ,

451 480 1- I No. of Flah 90

{

78 50 S3 50 328 88 44 40 49 el 275 l Measured 1 3 U 83 IV V VI i 11 UI IV V VI 7/28 7/28 8 /4 8/11 8/18 8/25 7/28 7/28 8/4 8/18 8/18 8/25 0 30 31 60 8 Il 13 Il 18 12 70 7 21 12 I? 8 65 61 90 24 13 62 29 32 SS 255 37 77 52 26 23 4 219 98.120 1 1 8 6 13 34 I I 3 3 4 7 16 m 128 890 I I 2 I

• I 153 180 I I I 3 2 1 3 181 210 I 2 3 8 3 4 281 240 2 2 I I I 3 241 270 8 3 2 1 5 278 300 1 1 308 330 331 360 1 1 2 No. of Flen 37 13 to 58 49 83 376 47 104 69 48 6 48 312 3dessered x A-16

.f Table A-10 Length-Frequency Distribution of White Crappie Impinged during Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One - Unit 1, October 21, 19 74- Augus t 25, 1975 Air Certain On Air Certala Off Ram /Dete Rea/ Data Lealth I u ul IV V VI No. Measured I IV V II III VI No. &4essered imm) 10/21 10/28 11/4 II/II 11/18 11/25 Each Length 10/21 10/28 II/4 11/11 11/18 11/25 Each 2magth 0 30 18 60 7 I 83 21 9 2 1 7 19 68 90 21 20 8 6 6 39 100 29 5 98 120 17 I0 14 82 87 t i 2 4 128 450 I 4 1 8 3 3 1 858 180 3 4 4

3 1 2 al 4 1 5 2 12 1  !$1 210 I i 2 2 I 7 7 4 I b 213 240 i

13 8 8 2 2 248 270 3 8 1 8 6 2 l 3 278 300 1 1 2 3 2 3 304 330 t I I I 2 353 360 i t y,, ,4 39 30 16 10 6 56 157 64 Il 28 15 15 19 149 1 18 III IV V VI I II  !!! IV V VI 1/11 t/20 t/27 2/3 2/10 2/17 1/13 1/20 4/27 2/3 2/10 2/17 0 30 38 60 68 90 t 5 I 7 m 91.l20 5 I 6 I I

{ 121 850 g 198 880 181 280 2 2 I I No. af Flah 9 9 g , g Me sse red g g g I 11 DI IV V VI I  !! 111 IV V V8 4/21 4/28 5/5 t/12 5/19 5 /2. 4/24 4/28 5/5 $/12 5/19 $/26 0 30 31 60 2 8 1 6 3 3 41 90 21 14 19 47 47 544 12 38 15 48 40 146 98 120 8 1 9 22 26 , 55 5 19 1 3 32 . 60 121 850 1 2 5 4  % 12 1 4 2 I g" 8 158 180 1 2 5 I O I 12 5 5 6 3 19

{ 181 210 1 4 5 5 4 19 3 9 il I I j 18 6

211 240 & j 2 1 2 A 241 270 I $ 4 2 -

82 1 2  %

0 8

$ I 2 1 9 278 300 9 3 3 12 9 4 I l 14 308 330 4 3 338 360 3 8 8 4 1 2 3 7 348 590 l I 1 I g,' , 27 40 49 83 84 283 Il 78 46 al 82 295 I u ul IV v vi i  !! ut IV V VI 7/24 7/28 8/4 8/11 8/18 8/25 7/21 7/28 8/4 8/II 8/18 8/25 0 30 38 60 4 6 4 5 I 21 I 4 9 5 I I 20 61 90 2 4 5 3 1 4 19 3 4 1 2 2 14 91 120 I I 4 2 8 9 2 2 I 3 3 3 14 121 850 5 3 3 I I Il 2 I I 3 6 6 19 198 180 4 4 3 6 2 2 1 4 1 1 11

. 181 210 8 3 2 3 2 2 13 4 4 3 3 2 16 213 240 1 1 3 8 2 4 Il 3 4 5 6 15 244 270 3 1 3 7 271 300 1 i L 3 6

, 2 2 7 i 4 2 a i I 3 7 301 330 1 I 2 4 8 2 I 2 6 Eli.360 i i

,y,r;=

, .6 26 u i, il 20 ti, i9 u u 18 is 30 ils A-17

e ,

s Table A-11 ' G 1 Length-Frequency Distribution of White Bass Impinged during #

Air-Bubble Curtain Testing at Arkansas Nuclear One- Unit 1, October 21, 1974-August 25, 1975 Air Cartean On Air Cerente Off Run /Date Ren /Dete Length i II  !!! IV V V1 No Meeeered i 11  !!! IV V VI No. Meeeered Irnant 10/21 40/28 11/4 11/11 11/18 11/25 Each Length 80/21 10/28 II/4 15/11 11/18 11/29 Each Length 0 30 31.60 61 90 6 $ 4 IS I I 4 4 98 420 to 5

24 82 3 8 5 8 60 9 S 17 7 8 6 52 2 III*lSO 15 7 3 1 4 4 34 18

.e ISt.180 4 S I I 22

• S 2 7 4 4 7 188.210 IS 8 I I 3 I I 2tl.240 I 241 270 I 8 8 1 1 274 300 t 301 330 t t I t i No. of Floh SR 23 a le 13 33 823 27 il 15 12 8 7 304 Meesered m

I !I  !!! (V V VI I IV V II III VI 1/13 t/20 1/2 2/3 2/10 2/t 7 t/t3 1/20 1/27 2/3 2/10 2/17 0 30

e. 31.60 j 48 90 g 98 120 I I I 121 4$0 i t 1 I 158 100 l 1 2 No. of Floh I I 2 2 e Messered I II 111 IV V VI I IV V II  !!! V8 4/21 4/2n S/S Sill S/19 S/26 4/21 4/28 1/5 $/12 $ /19 S/26 0 30 14.bn nl.20 98 120 6 4 3 11 121 190 10 8 4 1 le 7 t t 9 511 440 1 3 1 9 2 2 1 0 3 10 lat.210 j 1 1 2 I g i 216 240 I y I

= 248 270 l ., t e

I I $ 2

{ 273.500 ,2 y 301 353 1 1 1 1 2

i j j 2 2

311.140 e

• 1 I 2 168 190 **

3 3el.420 8 1

421 450 4 51. ene out. Slo

$14.S4n

$41 570 571.400 1 t No. of Floh 17 4 a 5 2  % 11 3 4 3 e 29 Messered I E IS IV V Yl  !  !!! *V

!! IV VI 7/11 7/28 b/4 5#11 s/14 s/29 7/21 1/28 8/4 8/11 8/18 8/25 0 30 31.60 l t I 2 I P 4 i S 41.e0 t 3 6 1 2 6 le 1 80 t 2 3 59 98 120 l 1 1 5 2 828.450 l S

% t i I ISt.180 I I 181 230 t i 2 E 238 240 t i 241.270 2 2 1 S 2 1 3 278 500 t t 2 1 1 101.330 331.560 1 I 1 3 2 161.390 1 I No. of Floh 2 S 10 7 9 12 el 4 87 2 2 4 7 le Messered A-18

, , e f

i * * ' '

Table A-12 Environmental Parameters Recorded at Arkansas Nuclear One Intake Canal during Fall Air-Bubble Curtain Te.-ting, October 21-November 30, 1974 Wa te r Air Wind Air Bubble Tempe ra tu re Tempe ratu re Turbidily Cloud Rainfall Run Test Date Curtain Status (*r) (*r) (JTU) Direction Velocity (mph) Cove r (in. )

1 Oct 21 On 65 49 10 S slig ht 10 0 22 On 65 53 - - - 0 0 23 On 65 47 - - calm 0 0 24 Off 64 50 - W-NW * 'li s g ha * . 15 0 25 Off 63 67 - - calm 100 0 26 Off 63 57 - S 0-12 85 0.03 11 Oct 28 On 65 59 45 W slight 100 0.05 29 On 65 65 - S slig ht 50 1.35 30 On 65 71 - SE mode rate 100 0 3T off 65 71 - W mode rate 100 0

??ov I Off 65 63 -

SE mode rate 100 1.84 2 Off 67 63 - - mode rate 65 0 III 'Nov 4 On 65 60 25 W strong 100 1.75 5 On 65 44 - 5 alight 0 0 6 On 64 42 -

NE mode rate 0 0 7 Off 62 39 -

E slight 100 0 8 Off 62 44 -

E singht 15 0

[ 9 Off 60 47 - E slight 100 0

k. ,

IV Nov11 On 60 59 - SW W

mode rate 5 0

1. 5 0

12 On 59 45 68 15 13 On 56 36 - W 12 15 0 84 Off 56 37 - N 0-12 15 0 15 Off 55 26 - W 0-8 0 0 16 Off 55 43 - NE 0-3 100 0.01 V Nov !8 On 53 48 85 W 4 100 1. 5 19 On 53 54 - W <2 100 0.01 20 On 54 45 - NW 0-14 0 0 21 Off 54 32 - SW 12 0 0 22 Off .- 55 37 - S 8 0 0 23 Off 55 64 - SE 4 100 0.05 VI Nov 25 On 54 35 110 NE 2-5 0 0 26 On 53 33 - S 8 0 0 27 On 53 41 - W 5 0 0 28 Off, No data 29 off 52 42 - NW 58 100 <1 30 Off 51 29 - NW 15 100 0.91 b

l l

l i ..

1

)

A-19

)

3 .. ,

../ .

Table A-13 Environmental Parameters Recorded at Arkansas Nuclear One Intake Canal during Winter Air-Bubble Curtain Testing, January 13-February 22, 1975 Wate r Air T.

Air Bubble Tempe ra tu re Tempe ra tu re Tu rbidity Cloud Rainfa!!

Run Test Date Curtain Status (* r) (*r) (JTU) Direction Velocity (mph) Cover (in.)

1 Jan 13 On 43 13 28 N-NW 0-12 15 0 14 On 43 22 - W-SW 0-12 5 0 15 On No dau 16 Off 43 34 - - - 0 0 17 Off 42 33 -

E 8-12 100 0 18 Off 43 39 - - calm 100 < 0.1 U Jan 20 On 42 24 40 NE 8 10 0 21 On 42 26 -

E 80-20 5 0 22 On 42 35 -

S 8 0 0 23 Off 42 20 - S 12 15 0 24 Off 42 30 - SW 12 60 0 25 Off 42 41 - W 20 90 0.16 Ill Jan 27 On 43 47 - W 10 100 0 28 On 44 49 - S 12 10 0 29 On 45 68 -

S SW 10 20 95 0 Jan 30 Off 46 50 -

E-NE 12 100 0 31 Off 47 54 -

N-NE 12 100 0.86 Feb I Off 47 45 NE 12 100 1.03 'N IV reb 3 On 47 42 -

NE 12 100 0.34 1

4 On 47 44 f

SE 12 100 0.50 5 On 48 47 -

N 10 15 100 0.49 6 Of f 47 22 W 15 100 0.13 7 Off 45 16 -

W 12-15 15 0 o Off 45 24 -

NE 12 20 0 V reb 10 On 43 22 48 S 15 40 0 11 On 44 45 - NW 8 100 0 12 On 43 40 - NW 15 100 0 13 Off 44 26 -

SE 10 100 0 14 Off 44 38 -

S-SE 12 15 0 15 Off 46 53 -

N 14 10 0 VI feb 17 On 44 32 - SW 12 95 0.15 18 On 45 40 -

N 14 400 0 19 On 45 29 -

NW 10 0 0 20 Off 45 27 -

N-N E 8 0 0 21 Off 45 44 -

S 12 100 0 22 Ol'f 46 54 - S 10 100 0 A-20

. .a ,

Table A-14 Environmental Parameters Recorded at Arkansas Nuclear One Intake Canal during Spring Air-Bubble Curtain Tasting, April 21-May 31,1975 -

wate r Air Wind  %

Air-Bubble Tempe ra tu re Tempe ra tu re Tu rbidity Cloud Rainfall Run Test Da'e Curtain Status ('T) (*T) (JTU) Direct 2on Velocity (mph) Cover (in. )

1 Apr?! On 61 42 10 E SE 12 0 0 22 On 62 4o - NE 8 5 0 23 On 63 68 - S to 100 0.08 24 Off 64 70 - S-SW 8 80 0 25 Off 65 68 - S SW 04 90 1. 4 26 Off 68 70 - NE 58 70 0 ,

!! Apr 28 On 68 62 18 5 8 100 0.42 29 On 69 58 - E 10 100 0 30 On 70 60 - S 58 to 0.03 MayI off 70 60 - NE 4 10 0 2 Off 72 58 - E 12 100 0 3 Off 69 60 - SW 8-10 100 1. 7

!!! May 5 01 J2 60 15 NE 0-5 25 0 6 On 74 66 - 5-SE 0 10 30 0 7 on 73 68 - S to 100 1. 5 8 Off No data 9 Off 72 65 - S 4 90 1.25 10 Off 73 59 - E 5 10 15 1. 5 IV May 12 On 72 62 - Nw 8 0 0 l 13 On 75 57 32 Sw 12 60 0

' - 14 On 73 63 - E 12 100 0 15 Off 72 63 - NW 8 85 0.71 16 Off 73 53 - NE 58 30 0 17 Off 73 54 - W 5-10 0 0 V May 19 On 76 66 - w 8 50 0 20 On 75 75 - S .0 15 80 0 21 On 76 64 - S 5 10 100 0.75 22 Off 77 68 - S 8 12 0 0 23 off 79 71 - S 5-10 25 0 24 Off 80 70 - SW 35 95 0 VI May 26 No data I 27 On 78 65 25 NE 35 80 0.09 28 On 79 67 - SE 10 100 0.27 29 On 79 6o - E 10-12 80 0.44 30 On 78 68 - NE b5 5 0 31 Off 77 - - - - - - l l

4 A-21 i _ _ _

- s- >

-A Table A-15 '

.)

Environmental Parameters Recorded at Arkansas Nuclear One Intake Card during Summer Air-Bubble Curtain Testing, July 21-August 30, 1975 Wate r Air Ai r-Bubble Teniperature Tempe ra tu re Tu rbadity Cloud Rainfall

_ Run ~ Test Date Curtain Status ('F) ('F) (JTU) Direction Velocity (mph) Cover (in.)

1-" Jul 21 on 86 77 -

SW 2 35 0.03 22 On 86 75 23

. W 4 20 0.05 On 89 76 - S 10 10 0 24 Off 88 76 .

SW 10 80 0 25 Off 87 78 .

E O 90 0 26 Off 86 74 . E 10 95 O. I

!! Jul '8 On 87 74 18 SE 5 100 0 29 On 88 70 30 On SE 5 10 0 0

88 79 . E 15 75 0 Jul 31 Off 86 72 Aug4 E 10 80 0 Off 85 72 - NW 2 Off 84 3 100 0.02 74 .

W 10 100 0.15

!!! Aug 4 On 84 66 17 NE 3 0 0.72 5 On 85 66 .

NE 6 On 9 0 0 85 69 -

NW 2 0 0 7 Off 85 69 .

E 12 5 0 8 Off 85 64 .

E.SE 10 5 0 Off 9 84 66 .

E 10 0 0 '

IV Aug 11 On 83 68  !! SE 8 0 2 12 On 85 70 E 5 0 1 13 On 86 74 .

E 8 0 0 14 Off 86 76 -

SW 15 Off 5 40 0 85 71 .

SW 8 85 0.75 16 Off 85 71 .

W 12 300 g.23 V Aug 18 On 84 74 14 W 35 19 On 84 71 -

50 0.20 SW 5 100 0.02 20 On 84 69 -

NW 5 5 0 21 Off 84 75 .

NE 22 2 0 0 Off 84 72 -

NW 23 Off 3 0 0 84 77 .

NE 3 0 0 VI Au8 25 On 83 75 16 SE 5 40 0 26 On -

71 -

S 5 100 0.05 27 On 83 72 -

S 5 20 0 28 Off 85 75 29 NE 5-8 0 0 Off 84 72 -

S 10 90 0 30 Off 83 70 -

S 12 100 0. 5 d

A-22 j

Y-