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Distribution of Temp & Dissolved Oxygen in Vicinity of AR Nuclear 1 Dardanelle Reservoir.Final Rept,Vol I
	ML19326B764
Person / Time
Site:	Arkansas Nuclear
Issue date:	12/17/1976
From:	; GEO-MARINE, INC.
To:	;
References
	NUDOCS 8004170596
	Download: ML19326B764 (82)
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{{#Wiki_filter:. l LJ THE DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE VICINITY OF ARKANSAS NUCLEAR ONE DARDANELLE RESERVOIR i FINAL REPORT - VOLUME I 1 s %N" SEO MANN / ~ 30- 313 2,% b 3)lln1 GEO-M ARINE, INC. 777 South Central Expwy., Richardson Texa, 75080 406 West 34th Street, Suite 727, Kansas City, Missouri 64111 8004170$7 b ' P

j -. s l_'@ I THE DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE VICINITY 0F ARKANSAS NUCLEAR ONE I I' Final Report - Volume I i i L i i 1' 1 j Conducted for ~ ij' ARKANSAS POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY I.;- i i By i-i~ . Geo-Marine, Inc. p i t i h-1 i i 4 ( 17 December 1976 I G

1 l y. Table of Contents v Page o Fo nva rd.............................. 1 I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGRbuND 2 III. DARDANELLE RESERV0IR THROUGHFLOW 4 A. Mea n Da i l y Ave ra ge s................... 4 B. Hourly Flows 6 IV. ILLIN0IS BAYOU FLOWS 6 V. WEATHER........................... 8 VI. INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY SURVEYS 9 m A. Introduction 9 B. 28 October 1973 (Pre-Operational Survey) 11 C. 21 January 1975..................... Il D. 28 February 1975 16 E. 19 Ma rc h 1975...................... 16 F. 16 April 1975...................... 21 G. 23 May 1975....................... 21 H. 26 June 1975 26 I. 6 August 1975...................... 33 J. 28 August 1975 33 K. 24 September 1975.................... 38 L. 11 November 1975 38 M. 7 December 1975..................... 43 N. 27 January 1976..................... 50 0. 25 February 1976 50 VII.

SUMMARY

56 APPENDIX 63 O l i j j

h p List of Figures b No. Page 1. Location of Arkansas Nuclear One, near Russellville, Arkansas........................... 3 2. Percentile curves for the period October 1969 through September 1975 and daily mean flows for the period January 1975 through February 1976.................. 5 3. Schematic of relative changes of turbine flow releases during survey days 7 4. Temperature cross-section, 28 October 1973.......... 12 5. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 28 October 1973 13 6. Temperature cross-section, 21 January 1975.......... 14 7. Areal extent of 5*a temperature, 21 January 1975....... 15 8. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 21 January 1975 17 9. Temperature cross-section, 28 February 1975 18 10. Areal extent of 5*a temperature, 28 February 1975 19 11. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 28 February 1975....... 20 12. Temperature cross-section,19 March 1975........... 22 13. Dissolved oxygen cross-section,19 March 1975 23 14. Temperature cross-section, 16 April 1975........... 24 15. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 16 April 1975 25 16. Temperature cross-section, 23 May 1975............ 27 17. Areal extent of 5*a temperature, 23 May 1975......... 28 18. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 23 May 1975 29 19. Temperature cross-section, 26 June 1975 30 20. Areal extent of 5 a temperature, 26 June 1975 31 21. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 26 June 1975......... 32 , Q 22. Temperature cross-section, 6 August 1975........... 34 V l ii

6 b List of Figures V (cont'd) s No. Page 23. Dissolved oxygen cross-sectior nagust 1975......... 35 24. Temperature cross-section, 28 August 1975........... 36 = 25. Areal extent of 5*a temperature, 28 August 1975........ 37 26. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 28 August 1975 39 27. Temperature cross-section, 24 September 1975 40 s 28. Areal extent of 5*a temperature, 24 September 1975 41 29. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 24 September 1975....... 42 30. Temperature cross-section, 11 November 1975.......... 44 31. Areal extent of 5*a temperature, 11 November 1975....... 45 32. Dissolved oxygen cross-section,11 November 1975 40 33. Temperature cross-section, 7 December 1975 47 34. Areal extent of 5 a temperature, 7 December 1975 48 35. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 7 December 1975........ 49 36. Temperature cross-section, 27 January 1976 51 37. Areal extent of 5 A temperature, 27 January.1976 52 38. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 27 January 1976........ 53 39. Temperature cross-section, 25 February 1976.......... 54 40. Areal extent of 5*a temperature, 25 February 1976....... 55 41. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 25 February 1976 57 42. Dissolved oxygen levels along cross-section A'-A for calculated saturation at ambient temperatures, calculated saturation for minimum-maximum temperatures, and measured minimum-maximum dissolved oxygen 61

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.~- Forward The distribution of the Arkansas Nuclear One (AN0) thermal effluent in Lake Dardanelle is affected by a complex intercction of natural and man-made factors. The extent of the lake provides a large fetch upon which winds can act. Reservoir throughflow varies from a high steady flow to one that is negligible. Inflow via Illinois Bayou, from past history, is highly irregular and for the study period unknown. Meanwhile, the pumping rate of the AN0 facility remains, for the most part, constant. The extent and configuration of the ANO plume as these conditions varied over a 13-month period was the subject of Geo-Marine's 14-part temperature and dissolved oxygen survey program at Lake Dardanelle, and the findings of that program are the subject of this report. I. INTRODUCTION On 25 February 1976, Geo-Marine, Inc. completed a program of three-dimensional thermal and dissolycd oxygen surveys in the vicinity of Arkansas Power and Light's c Arkansas Nuclear One power plant at Lake Dardanelle. The program, as originally Q)roposed, included one pre-operational survey and a series of 12 monthly post- ? operational surveys. As conducted, the program consisted of a pre-operational survey in October 1973 and 13 post-operational surveys that spanned January 1975 through February 1976. Of these 13 surveys, the April 1975 survey was conducted while the plant was shut down and the remainder were done on a monthly basis with the following exceptions: no survey in July 1975; two surveys in August 1975; and no survey in October 1975. This final report presents the results of the thermal and dissolved oxygen monitoring program in two volumes. Volume I contains a dis-t cussion of the complete survey program. Volume II contains the individual survey reports. x ) Nd i

V ( ') Fo rwa rd v The distribution of the Arkansas Nuclear One (ANO) thermal effluent in Lake Dardanelle is affected by a complex interaction of natural and man-made factors. The extent of the lake provides a large fett upon which winds can act. Reservoir throughflow varies from a high steady flow to one that is negligible. Inflow via Illinois Bayou, from past history, is highly irregular and for the study period unknown. Meanwhile, the pumping rate of the AN0 facility remains, for the most part, constant. The extent and configuration of the AN0 plume as these conditions varied over a 13-month period was the subject of Geo-Marine's 14-part temperature and dissolved oxygen survey program at Lake Dardanelle, and the findings of that program are the subject of this report. I. INTRODUCTION On 25 February 1976, Geo-Marine, Inc. completed a program of three-dimensional thermal and dissolved oxygen surveys in the vicinity of Arkansas Power and Light's rkansas Nuclear One power plant at Lake Dardanelle. The program, as originally roposed, included one pre-operational survey and a series of 12 monthly post-operational surveys. As conducted, the program consisted of a pre-operational survey in October 1973 and 13 post-operational surveys that spanned January 1975 through February 1976. Of these 13 surveys, the April 1975 survey was conducted while the plant was shut down and the remainder were done on a monthly basis with the following exceptions: no survey in July 1975; two surveys in August 1975; and no survey in October 1975. This final report presents the results of the thermal and dissolved oxygen monitoring program in two volumes. Volume I contains a dis-cussion of the complete survey program. Volume II contains the individual survey reports. 7 7 f~ ( ) ~

_ = S (G 'S II. BACKGROUND Arkansas Nuclear One (AN0), a facility of Arkansas Power and Light, is located near Russellville, Arkansas, on Dardanelle Reservoir (Figure 1). Occupying a head-land that separates the submerged Arkansas River channel from Illinois Bayou, ANO intakes its cooling water from Illinois Bayou at a rate of 1700 cubic feet per second and discharges the effluent into a cove on the northern shore of Lake Dardanelle. ANO is a base-load generating facility designed for a maximum cooling water temperature rise of 15 F across the condensers. In actual practice the tem-perature rise across the condenser is usually less. Dardanelle Reservoir is formed by the impoundment of the Arkansas River by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) Lock and Dam #11, located at Arkansas River navigation mile 205.5. The mouth of the AN0 discharge cove lies at navigation mile 212 and the Arkansas River enters the upper reaches of the Lake Dardanelle regime at approximately mile 224.1 Upstream of Lake Dardanelle, the Arkansas River is regulated by the C0E Lock and Dam #11 at Ozark, Arkansas, river mile 257. Throughflow from Lake Dardanelle through Lock and Dam #10 is regulated so aq to provide a pool elevation that remains between 336-338 feet above mean sea level, I with consideration given to both navigational and hydroelectric requirements. During periods of extremely low inflow to the lake, no water may be released through turbines or spillway and the throughflow is in the form of lock operation and leakage only, estimated by the Corps of Engineers at 50 cfs (cubic feet per second). If inflow is sufficient to re-establish pool elevation, power is generated at peak-load hours only. At an inflow rate of approximately 36,000 cfs continuous, maximum power generation is possible while little, if any, change in pool elevation occurs. At inflows in excess of 36,000 cfs power is continuously generated, while excess water passes through the spillway. Thus, depending on the rate of inflow, Dardanelle Reservoir throughflow may be essentially non-existent, occur for only a few hours, or be essentially steady-state. The throughflow regime during each survey is taken up in the next section. 1 Source: Personal communication, River Regulation Branch, COE, Vicksburg, ( m Mississippi. Based on a prior river mile numbering system, Dardanelle Lock 4 ' ) and Dam was at 265.9 and the Arkansas River entered the upper reaches..f the Lake at mile.285, or approximately 19 miles upriver. 2

v v v v M W:t QZARK $'{Y NOMH gggpyg g( zw OZARK 'h y ' .DCn ons DAM 8_ __0 a 7 9 e SCAE e Met (5 2S} '." g W m ARTANSAS PCnER cas L X,HT ANnANS4$ MKLEAR ONE } ILLINOIS ,220

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L ( ] III. DARDANELLE'RESERV0IR THROUGHFLOW V In order to better understand the behavior patterns of the thermal plume as it leaves the discharge area, the quantity of throughflow in the Dardanelle Reservoir is examined. Throughflow for Dardanelle Reservoir is presented in two ways in this report: as mean daily averages and as hourly flows. A. Mean Daily Averages To place the river flows during each of the 13 post-operational surveys in perspective with historical data, percentile curves taken from the mean daily flows for the Arkansas River at Dardanelle, Arkansas, for the period October 1969 through September 1975 were constructed.2 The curves presented are the 16-2/3, 50 and 83-1/3 percentiles with each curve representing the percent of throughflow values for each day of the year that were equal to or below the curve. In other words, from each six mean daily flow values (1969-1975) on a given day, the lowest, the third highest and the fifth highest were selected which then are points on the 16-2/3, 50 and 83-1/3 percentile curves, respectively. OO Figure 2 illustrates each of the three cercentile curves for the six-year period. These percentile curves are used as raferences to compare the mean daily flow curve for the study period January 1975 through February 1976 which is also-displayed in this figure. Mean daily flows for the survey dates are labeled by dots. A comparison of the mean daily flows with the percentile curves shows that from January through September 1975 Darconelle Reservoir throughfic, was relatively high--for the most part being equal to and at times exceeding the 83-1/3 percentile curve. By October 1975, flows are generally below the 50 percentile curve. In January and February 1976, the daily value plot becomes generally a new low-flow Thus during the period during which the series of surveys were performed, curve. measurements were made through the full spectrum of throughflow regimes. 2 River flows for this period were obtained from the U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division in Little Rock, Arkansas. Flow data from 1 October 5 to 28 February 1976 is " provisional" and subject to future revision by v 4

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JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEM BER DECEMBER Figure 2. Percentile curves for the period October 1969 through September 1975 and daily mean flows for the period January 1975 through February 1976.

I B. Hourly Flows g Mean daily averages were presented in each survey report for a 5-day period bracketing the survey day. As the average throughflow figures continued to gener-ally decline during the thirteen month study, a change k the plume configuration was noticed-from month to month. As an aid in understanding the impact of Lock and Dam #10 releases on the reservoir, an attempt was made to differentiate between the actual hours and quantities of release and the hours of pooling. The Corps of Engineers maintains daily operation logs for Lock and Dam #10. Among other information, these logs provide a breakdown of the flow quantities through the. locks, the spillway and the turbines. With respect to the turbines, their hours of operation are also given. Generally, when inflow is below the threshold value of 36,000 cfs, reservoir water is released only through the tur-bines or the lccks, with the latter amount being of the same order as the estimated leakage rate; i.e., about 50 cfs, or negligible. From these considerations the hourly values of throughflow can be calculated by pro-rating the quantity of water Jeleased through each turbine against its hours of operation. More simply, the various patterns of reservoir throughflow can be presented schematically by plotting the number of turbines generating each hour of the survey day, as water is being pooled when no turbines are operating. This plot is shown in Figure 3. From this figure and the knowledae of the mean daily flows presented in the previous section, it can be seen that Dardanelle Reservoir changes its characteristics not only day to day, but several times within a single day. IV. ILLIN0IS BAYOU FLOWS Illinois Bayou, near its confluence with the Arkansas River, is regulated by two dams. About 20 miles distant is a dam at Scottsville, Arkansas. Somewhat closer is the Russellville city water works dam, about 6 miles upstream. Since the intake for ANO is located on Illinois Bayou, it is desirable to know the daily flows throughout the survey period. Ov 6 L

o 25 FEB 76 26 JUN 75 27 JAN 76 23 MAY 75 7 DEC 75 16 APR 75 11 NOV 75 19 MAR 75 i I l l 24 SEPT 75 28 FEB 75 J l F 28 AUG 75 21 JAN 75 L F l 6 AUG 75 28 OCT 73 l Iff!I IfIil!IIfI Ii!!IIff!! !!!!!IffIffii1IffItIfIf!f 0000 2400 0000 2400 HOURS HOURS O'igure 3. Schematic of relative changes of turbine flow releases during survey days. t 7

7 The USGS in Little Rock kept daily records from 1948-1970 on the Scottsville gauge. After September 1970 use of that gauge was discontinued and a record of peak flows only was made. Thus, daily records for the period spanned by the surveys covered herein were not available, although those for the period of October 1947 to l September 1970 were obtained. This flow data showed extreme variability from year to year and as such could not be meaningfully extrapolated to the present study. Records for the City of Russellville water works dam in Illinois Bayou were kept for local use only. The gauge at this site is not in current operation and t historic records remain unlocated. Thus, quantitative information concerning Illinois Bayou flows is unavailable for the period of this survey program. Qualitatively, it can be stated that the flows are highly variable and at times have been negligible as evidenced by the USGS report of flows as low as 5 cfs on 22-23 August 1967. 3 V. WEATHER O \\ / The sources for the weather data contained in the monthly reports vary. In the pre-operational report (October 1973) and in the first three post-operational reports (January, February, March 1975) weather data from the ANO 10-meter reporting station were ; sed. When difficulty was encountered in obtaining meteorological data from the ANO facility, data from the National Weather Service in Little Rock, Arkansas, were presented in the remaining reports. Now that AN0 meteorological data are again readily recoverable, they are presented in the Appendix as a basis for comparison of local meteorological factors with plume characteristics. Little Rock is approximately 70 miles southeast of Lake Dardanelle and though in most cases there is close agreement between the Little Rock National Weather Service meteorological data and that of the AN0 facility, there are cases of notable variation in conditions of which one should be aware when using meteorological data from the more remote source. Examples of this are provided by comparison of the wind ) Sullivan, John N. Thermal Survey of Dardanelle Reservoir. USGS. open-file report, J

p. 7.

8

/~'S parameters and temperatures for 6 August 1975. In Little Rock the wind from mid-night to 0900 was generally out of the west and south at 4-5 mph. At the same time, the ANO facility reported winds at half that speed out of the north and east. Tem-peratures also varied widely between the two stations, with AN0 reporting 106 F at 1600 while Little Rock reported 89 F, a difference found generally throughout the day. Meteorological data from the ANO 10-meter reporting station appear in the Appendix for all survey dates except for the one in late August 1975. For 28 August 1975 the appropriate data were unrecoverable. Also, in some cases where 2 10-meter wind data were unavailable, 57-meter data were used and that is duly noted. VI. INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY SURVEYS A. Introduction This volume is not intended to replace the individual monthly reports but ( ) rather to summarize the study and compile data which addresses applicable state regulations. For this reason, the individual monthly survey reports, presented in their entirety in Volume II, should be reviewed for in-depth information on a particular survey before the corresponding portion of this section is studied. For l weather information as reported by the AN010-meter station for each of the survey days, the reader is referred to the Appendix. The new presentations of data contained in this section for each of the surveys include two cross-sections, a determination of ambient water temperature, and the extent of a water temperature zone in excess of ambient plus 5*F. The two cross-sections (one for temperature, one for dissolved oxygen) are based upon the isothernal contour charts and isopleth charts for dissolved oxygen presented in the monthly reports. The orientation of the cross-sections is along a line from the northeast to southwest from the mouth of the discharge cove to the southern shore of Lake Dardanelle. "O N. -] 9

.~- {q) The applicable criteria for wateriquality are given in the State of Arkansas, s Arkansas Department of Pollution Controljand Ecology, Regulation No. 2 as amended. 3 Section 5 (a) states the following: Temperature--During any month of the year, heat shall not be added to any stream in excess of the amount that vill elevate the temperature of the water more than 5 F, based upon the monthly average of the maximum daily temperatures as measured at mid-depth or 5 feet, whichever is less. In lakes and reservoirs, the temperature shall not be raised more than 3 F above that which existed before the addition of heat or artificial origin, based upon the average of temperatures taken from surface f to bottom, or from surface to thermocline, if present. The maximum temperature due to man-made causes shall not exceed 58 F in trout uaters, 86 F in smallmouth bass waters, or 90 F in all other vaters except for the follouing: 1. Red River - 93 F 2. Keiley Bayou - 91 F 3. Bayou Dorcheat - 91 F 4. Quachita River (state line to Remmel Dam) - 91 F 5. Lake Catherine - 93 ? G. Bayou Macon - 91 F ( 7. Arkansas River - 93 F y O 8. Dardanelle Reservoir (segment 3E) - 95 F uith S F maximum increase. 9. Ifnite River (mouth to Lock and Dam #1) - 93 F 10. Spring River (mouth to mouth of South Fork) - 93 F - 11. Little Missouri River (mouth to mouth of Muddy Fork) - 93 F 12. McKinney Bayou - 93 F Based on the above, the 5*F delta for each survey was determined as explained in the next tuo paragraphs. The ambient temperature for each survey was determined by first seeking an area of Lake Dardanelle upstream of the discharge cove that was outside the influence of the plume. In this area temperatures were measured for all five depths at which the sensors were towed. Since the area of the lake receiving the maximum irr. pact of the plume averaged about 10-12 feet in depth and since the lowest sensor (at 9 feet) generally described the lower reaches of the plume, the ambient temperature was determined as the average of the surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures in the area outside the influence of the plume. v 10

p The presence and extent of a water temperature zone in excess of ambient L.ilus 5'F was also determined using the average of readings at the near-surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot levels. From the temperature cross-section presented for each survey, the average at the mouth of the cove (far left hand side of the cross-section) was used to determine if such a zone was present. If it was, then the extent was determined from the near-surface through the 9-foot isothennal con-tour charts presented as part of the original survey reports (see Volume II). The temperature and dissolved oxygen cross-sections along with pertinent discussion for each survey follow in this section. B. 28 October 1973 (Pre-0perational Survey) The conditions under which the pre-operational survey was conducted were as follows: winds were generally out ^ ' the west at from 2.0-7.5 knots, air temperature was about 47"F, and reservoir throughflow was continuous at an average rate of 84,810 cfs. The full report on this survey appears in Volume II. O (_/ The cross-sections for temperature (Figure 4) and dissolved oxygen (Figure 5) show little lateral or vertical variation in values. C. 21 January 1975 The conditions under which this survey was conducted were as follows: winds were generally out of the east at from 5-10 knots, air temperatures ranged from 35-60 F. AN0 generation was about 870 MW gross, and reservoir throughflow was continuous at an average rate of 48,000 cfs. The full report appears in Volume II. The temperature cross-section appears in Figure 6. Ambient temperature for this survey was 39.9"F. Along the cross-section the zone of water temperature exceeding ambient plus 5*F (referred to as the 5 F delta and equal to 44.9'F) extended approximately 2480 feet out from the mouth of the discharge cove. The areal extent of the 5 f delta is indicated in Figure 7. The area within the shading is about 166 acres. O. L) 11

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-- - - o O O O Arkansas Power am and Light N,# Arkansas Nuclear One gO f WD DISCHARGE G $$u - Yl@lGy$F N D$0E ( Ng h f$%.~. kyjIfi"$$[* i.. .i m ,1 i-yuw ~ l 'N 0 A% _m -.a-Figure 7. Areal extent of 5% temperature, 21 January 1975.

(D The cross-section of dissolved oxygen values is shown in Figure 8. Con-centrations vary only slightly laterally, while a general increase is seen vertically from the near-surface down to seven feet. D. 28 February 1975 This survey was conducted under the following conditions: winds were light and variable throughout the night but by mid-morning were generally out of the west at increasing speeds up to nearly 9 knots by mid-afternoon; air temperatures ranged from 40-64*F; ANO generation varied from 428-440 MW gross; and reservoir throughflow was continuous at an average rate of 121,300 cfs, far above the 83-1/3 percentile value for that day (Figure 2). The full report appears in Volume II. The temperature cross-section appears in Figure 9. Ambient temperature for this survey was 42.2*F, making the 5*F delta value 47.2*F. Along the cross-section, the zone of water temperature exceeding plus 5*F extended approximately 160 feet out from the mouth of the discharge cove. The areal extent of the 5*F delta is indicated (]inFigure10. The area within the shading is about 36 acres. \\ The cross-section of dissolved oxygen appears in Figure ll, and exhibits an increase in concentrations outward from the discharge cove. It should be noted, however, that on the isopleth charts of dissolved oxygen in the monthly report (Volume 11) the levels of dissolved oxygen at the intake in Illinois Bayou are the same as those at the mouth of the discharge con. E. 19 March 1975 The following conditions existed when this survey was conducted: from mid-night on, winds were steady out of the west at from 4-7 knots; air temperatures ranged from 44-69*F; ANO generation was decreasing from a midnight output of 493 MW gross to a 0500 value of 209 MW gross about whir.h it varied little until after the survey was completed; reservoir throughflow averaged 121,000 cfs and as such was continuous throughout the day. The full survey report appears in Volume II. (V 16

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The temperature cross-section appears in Figure 12, and shows the plume to be essentially confined to the upper two feet of the reservoir. Ambient tempera-ture for this survey was 44.7*F, making the 5'F delta equal to 49.7 F. The zone of water temperatures exceeding the 5*F did not reach the mouth of the discharge Cove. The cross-section of dissolved oxygen appears in Figure 13, showing concentra-tions to decrease approximately 2 ppm from the surface down to 9 feet. This is fairly representative of the trend seen throughout the survey area in Lake Dardanelle and Illinois Bayou (refer to Volume II). F. 16 April 1975 This survey was conducted during a period when ANO was shut down. The other conditions undar which this survey was done were as follows: winds changed from the east to the west and south in mid-morning, increasing in speed from about 3 knots to around 9 knots; temperatures ranged from 65-100 F, the high being reached about 1600; reservoir throughflow averaged 70,000 cfs. The full survey report appears in Volume II. The temperature cross-section appears in Figure 14. Ambient temperatures for the survey was 56*F. The cross-section for dissolved oxygen appears in Figure ~ 15. Due to the small range of dissolved oxygen concentration, a contour interval of 0.2 ppm is used. G. 23 May 1975 The conditions under which this survey was conducted were as follows: winds which were at 2-4 knots out of the east around midnight were out of the south by mid-morning and continued out of that direction at 4-9 knots through the after-noon; air temperatures rose from 75'F to 90 F by 1500; ANO generation was about a 820 + 20 MW gross; and reservoir throughflow was continuous averaging 64,500 cfs. The full survey report appears in Volume II. O G [ 2i

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Figure 16 shows the temperature cross-section. Ambient temperature for the survey was 76.7 F, making the 5 F delta equal to 81.7*F. The average of the surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at the mouth of the discharge cove was 82.4*F, indicating the presence of a zone of water temperatures exceeding the 5'F delta. This zone extended approximately 1800 feet out from the mouth of the discharge covs along the line of cross-section (A-A'). The areal extent of the 5*F is shos.n as the shaded area in Figure 17, which represents about 113 acres. The cross-section for dissolved oxygen appears in Figure 18. H. 26 June 1975 This survey was conducted under the following conditions: winds were out of the east at from 3-7 knots throughout the day; air temperatures ranged from 75-92*F; ANO generation range was 815 1 10 MW gross; and reservoir throughflow was continuous averaging 123,000 cfs. The full survey report appears in Volume II. (3 The cross-section of temperature from the mouth of the discharge cove to the south shore of the lake is shown in Figure 19. Ambient temperature for the survey was 80.5*F, making the 5*F delta 85.5 F. The average of the near-surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at the mouth of the discharge cove was 86*F, indicating the presence of a zone of water temperature exceeding the 5 F delta. This zone extended approximately 1580 feet out from the mouth of the discharge cove along the line of cross-section (A-A'). The areal extent of the 5*F delta is shown as the shaded area in Figure 20, which represents about 82 acres. The dissolved oxygen cross-section appears in Figure 21. As explained in detail in the monthly report (refer to Volume II), no near-surface values for dissolved oxygen were measured. t - ) 26

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O O Arkansas Power ,g and Light jo* gg Arkansas Nuclear One }/ 4hy inrAxe. j DISCHARGE t S h. N i '.... 1 g g=. 4 ~ ~ 44 .c 't SCA M1 a h Figure 20. Areal extent of 5% temperature, 26 June 1975.

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(3 I. 6 August 1975 V The conditions under which this survey was conducted were as follows: winds reversed direction at mid-morning, having been out of the northeast at about 2 knots and changing to the southwest at 3-6 knots; air temperatures ranged from 78"F to 106*F at 1600; ANO generation was within the range of 785 1 15 MW; reservoir throughflow, though continuous, varied considerably throughout the day (refer to Figure 3) and averaged 20,100 cfs. The full survey report appears in Volume II. The cross-section of temperature is shown in Figure 22. Ambient temperature for the survey was 86.6*F, making the 5"F delta 91.6 F. The average of the near-2 surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at the mouth of the discharge cove was 89*F, indicating that the zone of water temperatures exceeding the 5*F delta did not extend out beyond the discharge cove. The cruss-section for dissolved oxygen appears in Figure 23. p J. 28 August 1975 V i This survey was conducted under the following conditions: winds at 4-5 knots in the early morning haurs that gave way to stronger southerly winds at 5-12 knots; air temperatures ranged from 70-92*F; ANO generation ranged about 775 1 10 MW; while j the reservoir throughflow pattern was similar to the 6 August pattern, continuous p but varying considerably throughout the day (Figure 3) and averaged 19,600 cfs. Tne full survey report appears in Volume II. The cross-section of temperature is presented in Figure 24. Ambient tem-perature for the survey was 84.5 F, giving a 5 F delta temperature of 89.5*F. The average of the near-surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at tile mouth of the discharge cove was 90 F, indicating the presence of a zone of water tem-peratures exceeding the 5 F delta. This zone extended approximately 690 feet out from the mouth of the discharge cove along the line of the cross-section (A-A'). The areal extent of the 5 F delta, as shown by the shaded area in Figure 25, represents about 83 acres. ho i 33

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. O O O Arkansas Power and Light m. me annant . _. f. Ark an sa s Nuclear One ituHolS eMO" a g - ~ - t J sNTama . DISCMaRGE N =y.H, chh m N* Ag ~ N+ g 0 4mg ca;, ~ ::p. 4 (.. A Figure 25. Areal extent of 5 a temperature, 28 August 1975.

r] The dissolved oxygen cross-section appears in Figure 26. No surface values O for dissolfed oxygen were measured in the area within 2500 feet along the line of the cross-section. A full explanation is included in the monthly report in Volume II. K. 24 September 1975 The following conditions prevailed on the day of this survey: winds 'were generally out of the north at from 3-9 knots; air temperatures ranged from 55-68*F; ANO generation was 83515 MW; and reservoir throughflow was discontinuous, ranging from near-zero from midnight to 0400 to about 40,000 cfs most of the remainder of the day, the average being 29,800 cfs. This survey was the first of this program that was conducted when pooling had occurred for part of the survey day. The full survey report appears in Volume II. The temperature cross-section appears in Figure 27. Ambient temperature for the survey was 68*F, making the 5 F delta 73*F. The average of the near-surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at the mouth of the discharge cove was 74.6*F, indicating the presence of a zone of water temperature exceeding the 5*F

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delta. This zone extended approximately 630 feet out from the mouth of the dis-ch"ge cove along the line of the cross-section (A-A'). The areal extent of the 5*F delta, as shown by the shaded area of Figure 28, represents about 15 acres. The cross-section for dissolved oxygen appears in Figure 29. L. 11 November 1975 On the day of the survey the following conditions prevailed: winds during the early hours,of the day were generally out of the west ranging from calm to 3 knots, but by af ternoon became more southerly at from 3-7 knots; air temperatures ranged from 36-69*F; ANO generation from midnight to 1800 was 720 1 5 MW; and reservoir throughflow was discontinuous, ranging from near-zero from midnight to 0700 to about 8000 cfs from 0700-1600. Greater throughflow occurred in the early evening hours, pooling again commenced at 2200, and the average discharge for the day was about 8000 cfs. The full survey report appears in Voiume II. d. 38

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O O o Arkanses Power (M and Light o4 Arkansas Nuclear One goN,0 y WV OBSCHARGE u ih N <4 Niiin:w ~ ' ' 'at 4 (p SE Figure 28. Areal extent of 5% temperature, 24 September 1975.

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.( The temperature cross-section appears in Figure 30. Ambient temperature for the survey was 65.5'F, making the 5 F delta 70.5 F. The average of the surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at tne mouth of the discharge cove was 71.2*F, indicating the presence of a zone of water temperature exceeding the 5 F d2lta. This zone extended approximately 370 feet out from the mouth of the dis-charge cove along the line of the cross-section (A-A'). The areal extent of the 5'F delta, as shown in Figure 31 by shading, represents approximately 14 acres. The dissolved oxygen cross-section appears as Figure 32. M. 7 December 1975 This survey was conducted under the following conditions: winds were 3-6 knots, predominantly out of the north; air temperatures ranged from 39-45 F, ANO generation was 705 1 5 MW from midnight to 1400, then increased over the next several hours to 87012 MW from 1700 through the remainder of the day; and, unlike conditions during the previous two surveys, throughflow was essentially continuous and averaged 36,200 pcfs. The full survey report appears in Volume II. U The cross-section of temperature is presented in Figure 33. Ambient tem-perature for the survey was 47.9 F, giving a 5*F delta temperature of 52.9 F. The average of the near-surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at the mouth of the discharge cove was 56.6 F, indicating the presence of a zone of water temperature exceeding the 5 F delta. This zone extended approximately 2100 feet out.from the mouth of the discharge cove along the line of the cross-section (A-A'). The areal extent of the 5 F delta, as shown by the shaded area of Figure 34, was about 171 acres. l i The cross-section for dissolved oxygen appears in Figure 35. p V 43

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_O N. 27 January 1976 V The 'following conditions prevailed on the day of the January survcy: winds throughout the morning hours were northerly at 4-7 knots, shifting in the afternoon to easterly at 1-4 knots; air tamperatures ranged from 21-40*F; ANO generation was 862 2,7 MW; and reservoir throughflow was discontinuous--being near-zero from mid-night to 0700, 14,000 cfs from 0700-1500, near-zero again from 1500-1700, returning to 14,000 cfs from 1700-2200, with pooling again occurring by 2300. (Average throughflow for the day was 7800 cfs). The full survey report is contained in Volume II. 2 The cross-section of temperature is presented in Figure 36. Ambient tem-perature for the survey was 41'F, giving a 5 F delta temperature of 46 F. The average of the near-surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at the mouth of the discharge cove was 52 F, indicating the presence of a zone of water temperatures exceeding the 5'F delta. Along the line of the cross-section this zone extended approximately 4170 feet out from the mouth of the discharge cove, which the areal O extent, as shown by the shaded area in Figure 37, was about 525 acres. ' ' C' The cross-section for dissolved oxygen appears in Figure 38. O. 25 February 1976 r On the day of the survey, the following conditions prevailed: southerly winds at.5-10 knots throughout the day; air temperatures from 48-62 F, ANO generation at 86217 MW, and discontinuous reservoir throughflow, with releases occurring i between the hours of 0700-1300 and again from 1700-2100 at a rate of 16,400 cfs, while flow was near-zero the remainder of the d3y. The full survey report appears in Volume II. The temperature cross-section appears in Figure 39. Ambient temperature for t the survey was 51.6 F, giving a 5 F delta temperature of 56.6 F. The average of the near-surface, 3, 5, 7 and 9-foot temperatures at the mouth of the discharge cove was 64*F, indicating the presence of a zone of water temperatures exceeding ] the 5'F delta. Along the line of the cross-section this zone extended approximately (d 2900 feet out from the mouth of the discharge cove, while its areal extent, by the shaded area in Figure 40, was about 573 acres. 50

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SUMMARY

The conditions of Lake Dardanelle and the generation of the ANO facility varied considerably throughout the course of this survey program. As a result, the appearance and distribution of the plume also changed markedly. Generally, ' with all other factors being equal, the most significant facter regulating the extent of the plume was the reservoir throughflow.4 Once throughflow became intermittent or low, winds became an important factor.s There are three additional plume effects that require coment. These are the questions of recirculation of discharge waters up Illinois Bayou to the in-take; depression of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the area of the discharge cove; and an apparent anomaly in vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen for the a area imediately northwest of the discharge cove. O Since current flow information for Illinois Bayou is not available, the question of recirculation must be approached by analyzing the isothermal contour charts and by examining other possible explanations for the trends found on them. This approach is complicated by the fact that the pre-operational survey indicated that the characteristics of Illinois Bayou water differed from that of the main P body of Lake Dardanelle.6 4 For example, compare the isothenul contour charts (high throughflow--Figures 6-10, pages 15-19) from the January 1975 report with those from the November r 1975 report (low intermittent throughflow--Figures 7-11, pages 17-21). These reports are in Volume II. i s This is demonstrated by comparing the isothermal contour charts from September 1975 (northerly winds--Figures 6-10, pages 14-18) with those for November 1975 (winds light and variable--Figures 7-11, pages 17-21), and with those for February 1976 (strong, steady winds--Figures 6-10, pages 13-17). These individual survey reports are contained in Volume II. 6 See paragraph 1, page 6 of the October 1973 report in Volume II. v l 56

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w .t.1ji ...ty-p:: na ~ <o\\ u -~< a ' N.'5*.iE ..::-]: n... 1 f b ? S@x#'ya..k.l3._,j,q.4;;,f.{:.::\\;;r.:. 40 . 4 '-.- idgi.::c "Tl;s:- is7 :is: : :l.i:' "w';:* ? :V '2 - A /, %y q;W" / / A' / LAKE DARDANELLE C l = 0.5 ppm =.=-2 () Ak.m i t i i I 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 DISTANCE (FEET) Figure 41. Dissolved oxygen cross-section, 25 February 1976.

r ( The February 1975 survey report stated that: v L "The waters of Illinois Bayou are varmer than ambient open lake waters at all measured depths. This temperature elevation is as pruch as-5.8F at the near-surface and 1.6F at a depth of 3' discharge uaters, this seems to be the case feet. Although we vould expect some re-circulation of only'at the nec% surface. At the 3-and 9-foot depths, the presence of~3 temperature minimum near uhere Illincis Bayou joins the main lake body suggests that these deeper uaters are moving southuard... "7 The first quarterly sumary contained in the March 1975 report summarized the findings of the first three post-operational surveys as follows: " Temperatures in Illinois Bayou ranged from 1-5F above the measured ambient in the main body of the lake. There are indications in the February and March survey of some surface recirculation, whereas, all surveys at all measured depths shou camer uater northeast of the intake, indicating that flou is in a southerly direction. "8 These post-operational surveys were conducted under conditions of relatively V high, continuous reservoir throughflow and seemed to indicate a possibility of some recirculation in the upper few feet. The survey in June was done under similar reservoir throughflow conditions but seemed to indicate that no re- -circulation was occurring. ? "... The surface temperature contour chart (Figure 5) shows that Illinois Bayou uater, ranging in temperature from 81.SF to 86.6F is generally varmer than the ambient open take uaters that are 8:F and cooler. A general SF increase in uater tem-perature is seen at all depths to nine feet as one moves across Illinois Bayou from the southeast to the northuest. Alav neen in this survey is the existence of nearly inthermal uater in a vertical column from the surface doun to the 9-foot depth. Recirculation of discharge uater into Illinois Bayou appears to be denied at all depths to nine feet by the existence of water - at the Bayou mouth that is, in general, cooler than that which is apparently moving southuard (see Figures S through 9)". 9 7 February 1975 report (paragraph 3, page 4) of Volume II. e Quarterly summary and March 1975 report (paragraph 3, page 5), Volume II. r 9 June 1975 report (paragraph 5, page 3), Volume II. 58

(a)

The January 1976 survey was done under low, intermittent reservoir through-flow conditions. As a result of that survey, the following observations were reported: ... The near-surface temperature measured at the mouth of the intake cove was 44.3F. The 44F contour does extend from the southeastern portion of the lake into Illinois Bayou and the intake area, but it also continues past the intake into the northern portion of the Bayou. This seems to belie the initial impression of recirculation. At the 3-foot and again at the 5-foot depth, the temperatures at the mouth of the intake cove measured nearly the same as the near-surface. At both of these levels, unlike at the near-surface, the temperature generally decreased in the area of the cove itself. At the 7-foot and 9-foot levels, temperature in Illinois Bayou to the north of the intake cove vere generally equal to those at the mouth of the Bayou, though the central portion uas occupied by water of louer temperatures. Generally, then, there is a decrease in temperature northuard Q) from the mouth of Illinois Bayou touard the intake cove. Were this the only trend observed, recirculation vould be indicated. '\\~ Contraindication comes from the presence of varmer uater to the northeast of the cove that appears to be moving down Illinois Bayou toward the intake."10 The last paragraph of the above quote points up the crux of the problem in making a definitive statement concerning recirculation. Are the contours that -indicate recirculation the result of waters of a different temperature regime moving down Illinois Bayou or a result of the mixing of recirculating discharge water with Bayou waters? The following pattern was -seen in Illinois Bayou during the April 1975 survey which was conducted when ANO was shut down. " Water temperatures in Illinois Bayou are warmer than those in the main body of the lake... s The tempmcure pattern in Illinois Bayou follous closely that of the January and March 1975 surveys. There are 10 January 1976 report, beginning with paragraph 2. of page 20 and continuing through paragraph 1, page 21, Volume II. ,b 59 I

a P-Q generally varmer waters on both shores with cooler uaters V in the center. The temperature elevations seen in Illinois Bayou during this undaruay curvay vera not as pronounced as a on the three prior operational measurement progmms. A surface reconnaiasance during the morning of 16 April did shou a similarity to the previous surveys, uith surface temperatures across the main body of the lake ranging from SS. 7F to 57. 6F, and surface temperatures along Illinois Bayou (to above the railroad bridge) ranging from SS.2F a to 60.6F. Houever, during the morning, vinds were moderate to 4 knots. In the afternoon, when the underway data were taken, the vinds had increased to 10 knots, which enhanced surface cooling and mixing. It can be concluded that some of the temperature elevation in Illinois Bayou seen durin plant operational surveys uas due to natural conditions. "q1 An explanation for this temperature elevation in Illinois Bayou may lie up-stream. The area behind the railroad bridge over Illinois Bayou upstream of the intake cove is wide and shallow. Water is trapped there by the causeway that blocks the Bayou almost to the north shore. Bayou water may circulate slowly in this area, experience solar-heating, then move downstream toward the intake. This would explain the temperature range and distribution measured in the April (natural condition) survey as well as in the operational surveys. v The results of this survey program do not, therefore, provide conclusive evidence for or against recirculation. The effects of the ANO discharge on the levels of dissolved oxygen in Lake Dardanelle are sumarized in Figure 42. In this figure, three individual dissolved oxygen' concentration plots appear for each' survey. The first plot presents the calculated saturation level for the ambient temperature of the survey. The second plot presents the calculated saturation values for the ra. ige of temperatures in cross-section A-A', the same cross-section from the mouth of the discharge cove to the southern shore of Lake Dardanelle as has been used throughout this report (see 11 April 1975 report of Volume II -(paragraphs 2 and 3 of page 3). 7 n v F 60

~ u ~ DU O O I i l I I I I 4 I I I l l O SATURATION FOR AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 16*0 > ++ e SATURATION FOR RANGE OF TEMPERATURES IN CROSS-SECTION A-A. RANGE OF MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS IN CROSS-SECTION A-A* 's-0, %..._. _..f ~ ~, 14.0 3 As ci 13.0 o- / o 0 / a i I NA* # ~ o-m 12.0 LAKE DAMANEME Z + O 0-p: 0;~ <t m ll o 4 t- + o7I j Z ^ =: 1 W 10.0 2 O, O O a 9.0 O +i l o Z W O, l 1 -- O o = + 8'0 iI i oI O T. o 1 0 1 i w 7.0 3 O $ 6.0 a MINIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION DUE TO ARTIFICIAL DEPRESSION 5 I 4'0 28 OCT 21 JAN 28 FEB 19 MAR 16 APR 23 MAY 26 JUN 6 AUG 28 AUG 24 SE'2T llNOV 7 DEC 27 JAN 25 FEB 1973 1975 1976 Figure 42. Dissolved oxygen levels along Cross-section A'-A for calculated saturation at ambient temperatures, Calculated saturation for minimum-maximum temperatures, and measured minimum-maximum dissolved oxygen.

-( Q insert, Figure 42).12 The third plot is of the measured range of dissolved oxygen concentrations in cross-section A-A' for each survey. Arkansas regulations prescribe that dissolved oxygen concentrations shall not be artifically depressed below 5 ppm. In Figure 42 the 5 ppm ordinate has been enhanced and labeled for comparison with the levels measured during the various surveys. All measured concentrations are seen to be above this minimum-value line. Also, except for the 28 February and 24 September surveys, the measured dissolved oxygen concentrations were shown to range generally right around saturation values not only for the temperature range of the cross-section, but also for ambient. An apparent anomaly in the dissolved oxygen profiles for the area immediately northwest of the discharge cove first appeared in the Early August survey report.13 Instead of a general decrease of dissclved oxygen concentrations with depth, values began increasing after a certain depth, then again showed a decreasing trend. With little variation, vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen for September,14 November,15 December,16 and Januaryl7 showed the same anomaly. The fact that the anomaly showed O up repeatedly in the same limited area and nowhere else throughout the survey area G suggests that it is indeed real and the result of some highly localized phenomenon. No se rce for it was located during the surveys, and no comprehensive explanation can ce offer ed for the repeated appearance of this anomaly. 12 The determination of saturation concentrations of dissolved oxygen at the various ambient temperatures and cross-section temperatures ranges is based upon Table 218(1): " Solubility of Oxygen in Water Exposed to Water-Saturated Air" found on page 480 of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (13th edition,19P). Maximum corrections for saturated water vapor pressure at a given water temperatura, for the elevation of Lake Dardanelle above sea level and for the range of barometric pressures to be expected vary tabular values for saturated dissolved oxygen by at most + 4 percent. 13 See dissolved oxygen vertical profile for Vj, Figure 2, page 11 of the Early August 1975 report in Volume TI. 14 V, Figure 2, page 10 and V, Figure 4, page 12 of the September 1975 report 1 6 in Volume II. 15 V, Figure 4, page 14 2r.J v8, Figure 5, page 15 of the November 1975 report in 5 Volume II. 16 y5 and V, Figure 4, page 13 of the December 1975 report in Volume II. 6 17 V, Figure 3, page 4 of the January 1976 report in Volume II. q r 3 62

>~e ,u /N Appendix b This Appendix contains meteorological data from the records of the ANO 10-meter reporting station. In cases where 10-meter wind records were missing, 57-meter readings were used and are so indicated. Mention must be made concerning the units in which the various meteorological parameters were recorded by different weather stations. All temperatures are presented here in degrees Fahrenheit. Where the original data was in Centigrade, the appropriate conversions were made. Various modes for the presentation of wind parameters also used. The NWS at Little Rock reported wind direction in 10 degree increments from 0 -360 and wind speed in knots. The monthly survey reports (Appendix A) followed this convention for the most part. Wind parameters from the ANO station were received in two modes: (1) wind direction to the nearest 0.1 and wind speed in meters per second; and (2) wind direction expressed as the 16 points of the compass (N, NNE, NE,..., NNW) and wind speed in miles per hour. For consistancy throughout this appendix, all wind directions are presented with g-^g reference to the 16 points of the compass (presentation in degrees, though more 's_ / desirable, is not obtainable as each " point" describes a direction within a 22.5 arc). l Wind speeds are presented in knots. The following conversions were used in pre-paring the Appendix: 1 meter per second = 2.24 miles per hour 1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour = 1.15 statute mile per hour 4 \\_ / s L 63

t i E t . Compass Point-Corresponding Range off, Degrees N 348-11 NNE 11-34 NE 34-56 i ENE-56-78 i E. 78-101 ESE 101-124 ~ SE 124-147 i i SSE 147-169 S 169-192 SSW 192-214 SW 214-236. 4 i WSW 236-258 l W 258-282 l WNW 282-304 NW 304-326 NNW 326-348 e 4 i' 4. i 2 !O 64 l z

Appendix Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station

28 October 1973 Wind Air Dew Point i

Time Speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) p 1200 WNW' 2 47 1300 W 7.5 1400 W 7.0 46 1500 NNW 10 1600 NW 15

Further data for this date is unavailable.

s O 2 O 65

i p. Appendix L/- ' Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 21 January-1975 Wind Air Dew Point Time Temp (erature (F) Temperature -(peed S Direction kts) F) 0100 ENE 5.1 35 25 0200 ENE 5.5 35 25 0300 ENE 6.3 35 25 0400 E 5.5 35 25 r 0500 ENE 5.5 35 25 .0600 ENE 5.5 34 25 0700 ENE 5.7 35 26 0800 E 7.3 38 30 0900 ENE 6.7 42 32 1000 E 7.0 46 34 1100 E 9.4 53 39 ) 1200 E 6.5 53 36 1300 E 5.9 56 37 1400 E 6.7 58 37 1500 ESE 5.0 60 36 1600 E 4.7 59 35 1700 ENE 4.3 57 37 1800 ENE 3.6 53 37 x l IO h-66. l

L. Appendix () . Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station = 28 February 1975 Wind Air Dew Point . Time. Speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100 ESE 1.2 43 30 0200 E 1.4 43 29 0300 -NE 0.6 42 29 0400 41 30 .0500 WSW 0.4 41 30 0600 N 0.6 41 31 -0700 NW l.0 39 30 0800 NE 2.2 40 31 0900 ESE 2.3 43 34 1000 W 3.6 50 36 1100 WNW 5.9 55 34 1200 WNW 5.1 58 32 1300 W 7.0 60 30 1400 WNW 8.9 62 28 1500 WNW 8.5 63 29 1600 W 7.3 63 29 1700 W 5.1 64 29 1800 WSW 3.6 64 28 6 O l 67

Appendi) \\v/ Meteorological Data ANO-10-meter Station 19 March 1975 Wind Air Dew Point Time Speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100 WNW 4.9 49 40 0200 WNW 4.5 48 39 0300 WNW 4.5 47 38 0400 WNW 6.9 46 38 0500 WNW 5.9 46 37 0600 W 3.6 45 36 0700 WNW 5.3 44 36 0800 WNW 5.1 45 38 0900 W 5.7 49 38 1000 W 4.7 53 36 1100 W 4.5 56 37 1200 WSW 5.3 61 35 1300 WSW 3.9 63 34 1400 WSW 5.7 65 31 1500 SW 7.5 68 31 1600 WSW 6.5 69 29 1700 WSW 2.5 68 31 1800 SW l.7 68 33 I f v 68

? Appendix Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 16 April 1975 Wind Air Dew Point Time Speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100' E

5. 7 73 45 0200 ENE 2.8 70 44 0300 ENE 2.5 70 43 0400 E

3.1 67 43 0500-E 4.3 66 42 0600 E 2.8 65 42 0700 E 2.2 66 44 0800 E 3.1 71 46 0900 ESE 3.7 77 48 1000 SSE 7.0 83 49 1100 SW 7.8 90 49 f 1200 WSW 10.6 93 45 1300 SW 9.4 94 44 1400 SSW 9.2 97 41 1500 SSW 9.0 98 41 1600 SSW 8.1 100 42 1700 S 9.9 99 43 1800 S 9.2 97 43 F ' O 69 4 e-

.,.q Appendix

D Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 23 May 1975 Wind Air Dew Point Time Speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts)

(F) (F) 0100 E 2.5 79 64 0200 -E 3.9 78 63 0300 ENE 3.5 77 63 0400 USW-1.6 76 62 0500 E 1.9 75 62 0600-S 2.3 77 62 5 0700 SSE 4.7 78 63 0800 ESE 3.9 79 63 0900 SSE 4.3 81 63 1000 SSE 6.7 83 62 1100 SSE 5.5 84 62 1200 SSE 6.9 86 62 1300 S 7.7 88 61 1400 S 8.9 89 61 1500 S 7.0 90 62 1600 S 7.0 90 63 1700 SSW 6.5 89 62 1800 SSW 4.2 87 61 \\ I- -70 l-

f-Appendix D] Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 26 June 1975 Wind Air Dew Point Time speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) ~0100 E* 5.3* 77 67 0200 ENE* 5.3* 75 65 0300 E* 5.0* 75 65 0400 E* 6.l* 76 65 0500 E* 5.0* 75 64 0600 E* 6.7* 75 64 0700 E* 4.5* 78 65 0800 ENE* 3.7* 79 66 0900 E* 3.3* 82 67 1000 ESE 3.7 86 69 1100 E* 4.7* 88 69 1200 ESE 4.7 90 69 1300 SE 5.0 91 68 1400 ESE 6.9 92 68 1500 S 6.3 87 66 1600 SW 3.1 87 68 1700 _SSE 1.9 88 68 1800 ESE 2.3 90 70 - 4

57 meter reading; 10 meter not available i

O 71

b Appendix Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 6 August 1975 Wind Air Dew Point Temperature Temp (erature (F) Time Speed F) Direction (kts) 3 0100 -ENE 2.2 83 '63 0200 NE 1.9 82 62 0300 ENE 1.7 80 61 0400 NE 2.3 79 61 0500 NE 1.9 79 60 0600 NE 1.0 78 60 0700 NNE 1.9 80 62 0800 NNW 2.2 84 65 0900 W l.7 89 68 1000 W 3.0 93 69 D 1100 WSW 3.3 98 68 1200 SW 5.0 100 64 1300 SW 4.3 102 61 1400 SW 4.5 104 64 1500 WSW 4.5 105 64 1600 WSW 5.9 106 61 1700 WSW 4.2 106 61 1800 S 2.5 103 65 O 72

a P s Appendix . m Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 24 September 1975-Wind Air Dew Point Time Speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100 W 2.7 52 50 0200 NW 2.7 56 51 0300 NW 5.4 57 52 0400 NW 5.1 57 52 0500 57 52 56 52 0600 55 51 0700 0800 N 5.9 57 52 0900 NNW 5.6 59 53 1000' N 6.3 60 54 1100 N 6.5 63 54 1200 NNE 7.5 65 55 1300 NNE 8.5 68 56 1400 N 7.4 66 54 1500 N 7.2 67 54 1600 N 6.4 68 55 1700 N 8.7 67 53 1800 NNE 7.6 65 51 b l l ro r

i t 7-s Appendix ^\\ Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 11 November 1975 P Wind Air Dew Point Time Speed -Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100 0.6 38-36 0200 0.8 38 36 0300 SW l.3 37 35 0400 0.8 36 35 0500 W l.2 37 35 0600 WSW l.6 36 35 0700 NNW l.8 38 36 0800 WSW 2.0 42 38 0900 SW-3.0 49 44 1000 W 3.3 55 45 1100 WSW 2.5 59 46 1200 SW 2.6 64 48 l 1300 SW 4.9 66 49 1400 SSW 6.7 69 52 1500 SW 7.1 69 52 1600 SSW 6.8 68 52 1700 S 4.4 65 52 1800 SW 4.6 61 51 O 74

Appendix Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 3 7 December 1975 Wind Air Dew Point Time speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100 NNE 5.9 41 37 0200 N 6.0 41 35 0300 N 4.5 41 35 0400 N 5.6 40 35 0500 ENE 5.4 40 35 0600 ENE 4.7 39 35 0700 N 4.9 40 36 0800 NNE 5.0 41 37 s. 0900 N 4.2 42 37 1000 N 3.7 43 38 1100 NNE 4.3 45 39 O~ 1200 N 4.2 45 39 1300 ENE 2.8 44 39 1400 N 2.5 43 39 1500 ENE 3.0 43 39 1600 N 3.3 42 39 1700 N 3.5 38 38 1800 ENE 4.5 36 37 e 75 1

Appendix Meteorological Data s ANO 10-meter Station 27 January 1976 Wind Air Dew Point Time speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100 NNW 5.6 27 20 0200 NNW 5.1 25 20 0300 NNW 6.3 24 19 0400 NNW 4.4 23 19 0500 NNW 4.3 23 19 0600 N 6.3 22 19 0700 NNW 6.0 21 18 0800 N 5.9 23 19 0900 N 6.i. 27 20 1000 N 5.E 29 21 1100 NNE 4.6 31 21 1200 NNE 3.3 33 22 1300 NE 1.8 36 23 1400-NE 0.8 38 23 1500 ENE 1'1 40 24 1600 ENE 2.3 40 24 1700 E 3.9 37 25 1800 ESE 4.3 33 25 O i 76 I

l Appendix Meteorological Data ANO 10-meter Station 25 February 1976 Wind Air Dew Point Time Speed Temperature Temperature Direction (kts) (F) (F) 0100 SSW 7.5 51 32 0200 S 7.0 50 32 0300 S 5.5 51 33 0400 S 4.5 49 32 0500 S 5.1 49 32 0600 .S 5.6 48 32 '0700 5 7.4 50 33 0800 S 7.2 51 33 0900' SSW-8.3 52 34 1000 SSW 8.6 53 36 1100 S 8.5 56 36 OQ 1200 SSW 7.7 59 37 1300 SSW 8.0 61 37 1400 SW 6.6-62 37 1500 SW 6.3 61 38 1600 SW 5.8 61 39 1700 SSW 6.7 60 41 1800 SW 7.0 59 42 j i l I .}}

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