ML17256A648

Rev 0 to Fracture Mechanics Evaluation of High Energy Piping Lines at Re Ginna Nuclear Power Plant.

ML17256A648
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Site:	Ginna
Issue date:	04/08/1983
From:	COPELAND J F, WU Y S NUTECH ENGINEERS, INC.
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ML17256A647	List: ML17256A646 ML17256A648
References
TASK-03-05.A, TASK-3-5.A, TASK-RR RGE-02-004-R00, RGE-2-4-R, NUDOCS 8304290006
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RGE-02-004Revision0April8,1983100.2602.0200FRACTUREMECHANICSEVALUATIONOFHIGHENERGYPIPINGLINESATTHER.E.GINNANUCLEARPOWERPLANTPreparedfor:RochesterGas&ElectricCorporationPreparedby:NUTECHENGINEERSSanJose,CaliforniaPreparedby:ZF.Dr.J.F.CopelandProjectEngineerReviewedandApprovedby:g/Dr.LECDHsu'anager,AppliedMechanicsIssuedby:Dr.Y.S.WuConsultantID.K.McWilliamsProjectManagerDate:,>",REmjATORYOOCKETFILEMPVnutech REVISIONCONTROLSHEETFracture-MechanicsEvaluationRgpoRTNUyBgRRGE-02-004ofHighEnergyPipingLinesatRevision0theR.E.GinnaNuclearPower'lantNAME/TITLEINITIALSDr.L.C.HsuEnineerinManaerNAME/TITLEINITIALSDr.Y.S.Wu/ConsultantINAMEITITLEYSWINITIALSNAMEITITLEINITIALSPAGEIS)REVPREPAREDBY/OATEACCURACYCRITERIACHECKBY/OATECHECKBY/OATEREMARKSit,hruv0Tf-~%+6)SW@~-F3-lthru53CP"S'-S3Pstk'ag-Q3.3.QEP34.1.1nutech TABLEOFCONTENTS

1.0INTRODUCTION

/EXECUTIVESUMMARYPacae1.1Background11.2ObjectivesandTechnicalApproachesforGinna'1.3ConclusionsandRecommendations52.0FRACTUREMECHANICSLEAK-BEFORE-BREAKANALYSIS2.1CriticalCrackSizesforInstability2.1.1J-IntegralandTearingModulusllAnalysis2.1.2NetSectionPlasticCollapseCriterion162.2LeakRates193.02.2.1AccumulatorLine2.2.2PressurizerSurgeLine2.2.3GinnaLeakDetectionCapabilities2.3SubcriticalCrackGrowthRates2.3.1StressProfiles2.3.2CyclingRate2.3.3CrackGrowthAnalysisCONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS20222324252627294'REFERENCES52RGE-02-004Revision0nutech Ie-LISTOFTABLESNumberTitlePacae2-1ParametersforLeak-Before-BreakAnalysisofPressurizerSurgeandAccumulatorLines312-2LevelDASMECodeMaximumAllowableStressesUsedforAnalysisofCrackInstabilityforPressurizerSurge(PSL)andAccumulatorLines(AL)322-3AppliedJ-IntegralandTearingModulusValuesasFunctionsofThrough-WallHalfCrackLength,a,FortheGinnaAccumulatorLineWithAnAppliedStressof30,133psi332-4AppliedJ-IntegralandTearingModulusValuesasFunctionsofAppliedStressfortheGinnaAccumulatorLinewithaThrough-WallHalfCrackLengthof3.5in.342-52-62-72-82-9AppliedJ-IntegralandTearingModulusValuesasFunctionsofThrough-WallHalfCrackLength,a,fortheGinnaPressurizerSurgeLinewithanAppliedStressof37,600psiFailureCrackSizesforPostulatedCompoundCrackinGinnaAccumulatorLine,BasedonNetSectionPlasticCollapseCriterionFailureCrackSizesforPostulatedCompoundCrackinGinnaPressurizerSurgeLine,BasedonNetSectionPlasticCollapseCriterionLeakRateResultsforCircumferentialThrough-WallCracks(CTWC)andLongitudinalThrough-WallCracks(LTWC)inthePressurizerSurgeandAccumulatorLines(PSLandAL)forNormalOperationPressureStressesTransientsConsideredinSubcriticalCrackGrowthRateAnalysesforPressurizerSurgeandAccumulatorLines(Reference8)35363738'39RGE-02-004Revision0ivnutechIINOINQIIRB LISTOFFIGURESFiciure2-12-2TitlePressurizerSurgeLineSafetyInjectionFromAccumulatorAPacae40412-3RepresentationofPostulatedCracksinPipesforFractureMechanicsLeak-Before-BreakAnalysis422-4J-IntegralResistanceCurvesforAusteniticStainlessSteel(Reference7)432-5J-Integral/TearingModulusStabilityDiagramforGinnaAccumulatorLinewithThrough-WallCracks442-6J-Integral/TearingModulusStabilityDiagramforGinnaPressurizerSurgeLinewithThrough-WallCracks2-7FailureAnalysisDiagramforPostulatedCom-poundCrackinGinnaAccumulatorLineLine,BasedonNetSectionPlasticCollapseCriterion462-8FailureAnalysisDiagramforPostulatedCom-poundCrackinGinnaPressurizerSurgeLine,BasedonNetSectionPlasticCollapseCriterion472-9DiagramforMaximumSteam/WaterFlowRatetoDetermineFlowRateforSaturatedLiquidinthePressurizerSurgeLine(MoodyModel-Reference15)482-10StressProfilesforBoundingCase(Reference3)forSubcriticalCrackGrowthPredictions492-11CyclicLoadingConditionsAssumedforConserva-51tiveSubcriticalCrackGrowthRateAnalysisofPressurizerSurgeandAccumulatorLines2-12PredictedSubcriticalCrackGrowthRatesforCircumferentialandLongitudinalCrackswithAssumedInitialDepths(ai)of0.02inchesand0.10inchesforthePressurizerSurgeandAccumulatorLines51RGE-02-004Revision0nutech

1.0INTRODUCTION

/EXECUTIVESUMMARYHighenergylinebreak(HELB)analyseswerecompletedfortheresolutionofopenitemsfortheNRCSystematicEvaluationProgram(SEP)TopicIII-5.AfortheR.E.GinnaNuclearPowerPlant.Thisreportaddressesleak-before-breakfracturemechanicsevaluationsoftheGinnapressurizersurgeandaccumulatorpipinglines.BackroundTheSEPwasinitiatedbytheNRCtoreviewthedesignsofolderoperatingnuclearreactorplantstoreconfirmanddocumenttheirsafety.Thereviewcomparedtheas-builtplantdesignwithcurrentcriteriain137differentareasdefinedas"topics"(Reference1).Manyofthesetopics'etcurrentcriteriaorwereacceptableonanotherdefinedbasisforGinna.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistheresolutionofSEPTopicIII-5.AforGinna,asdefinedinReference1.AppendixAof10CFRPart50reguiresthatstructures,systemsandcomponentsimportanttosafety(EngineeredSafetyFeatures,ESFs)beappropriatelyprotectedagainstthedynamiceffectsofpostulatedpipebreaks.ThegoalistoprotecttheseESFssotheplantcanbeRGE-02-004Revision0nutechGNOINQGRG shutdownandmaintainedinasafeshutdownconditionintheeventofapostulatedruptureofapipingsystemcontaininghighenergyfluid.CurrentdesignsprotectESFsagainsttheconsequencesofhighenergylinebreaks(HELBs)throughtheuseofpipewhiprestraints,jetimpingementshields,physicalseparationandothermethods.However,plantsdesignedbeforetheexistenceofcurrentrequirementsgenerallydonothavethefullcomplementofsuchfeatures.Furthermore,inmanycasesmodificationstoincorporatethesefeaturesmaybeimpracticalduetophysicalplantconfigurationsorotherconsiderations.Therefore,theNRChasgivenguidanceonotheracceptablemethodsfortheresolutionofSystematicEvaluationProgram(SEP)TopicIII-5.A,forHighEnergyLineBreaksInsideContainment.1.2Ob'ectives:andTechnicalAroachesforGinnaInReference1,theNRCadvisesthatbreaksintheaccumulatorlineorpressurizersurgelinecouldadverselyaffectnearbysafety-relatedequipment.Additionally,guidanceforperformingfracturemechanicsleak-before-breakevaluationstoresolvethisissuewasforwardedtoRochesterGasandElectricCorporationRGE-02-004Revision0nutech (RGE)bytheNRC(Reference2).Thisapproachwasemployedforthesepipinglines.Itisbasedonacombinationofinserviceinspection(ISI)andleakdetection,todetectthepresenceofcracks,andoffracturemechanicsanalysistoassurethatcrackinstabilitywillnotoccurforcrackssmallerthanthosedetectablebythesemethods.Thesedetectionmethodscomplementeachother,sinceISIisespeciallysuitedtofindinglongcracks,andleakmonitorsdetectshort,through-thicknesscracks.Reference2providesthemethodologytocomputecrackopeningareasfordeterminingleakratesforcomparisonwithdetectionlimits.TheISIinvolvesvolumetricinspectioninaccordancewithASMESectionXIforaClass1system,regardlessofactualsystemclassification.ThegoalistodetectandlimitanyserviceinducedflawstoallowablesizesprescribedbytheASMECode,SectionXI(crackdepthlimitedtolessthanapproximately10%ofpipewallthickness).Fracturemechanicssubcriticalcrackgrowthanalysesareemployedtoassurethatthisgoalforlimitingcrackgrowthismet.TheselimitsoncracksizeimposedbyleakmonitorsandISIarecomparedtothecriticalcracksizespredictedforinstabilityandpiperupture,computedinaccordancewithReference2.Adequatemarginbetweencrackdetectionandthecracksizeforrupturemustexist.Inthisway,crackRGE-02-004Revision0nutech detectionandcorrectiveactionswillprecedeanychanceforHELBsandsubsequentpostulatedeffectsonESFs.InaccordancewiththelatestNRCguidance(Reference2),theleak-before-breaktechniquewasevaluatedfortheGinnapressurizersurgeandaccumulatorlines.Theelementsofthisevaluationincludethedefinitionofthefollowing:a)Largestcracksizewhichwillremainstableb)Leakrateresultingfromacrackoflength2t(twicethepipewallthickness)c)Sizeofcrackwhichwillleakatarategreaterthanlgpm,ifb)resultsinlessthanlgpm.d)Analysisofpart-through-thicknesscracksforsubcriticalcrackgrowthratestoestablishISIintervals.Veryconservativeanalyseswereperformedtopredictthelargeststablecracksizes,byusingworstcasestresses(References3and4),aswellasASMECodemaximumallowablestresses.Inthisway,setsofanalyseswereperformedtoenvelopealllocationsineachline,asRGE-02-004Revision0nutechGNOINGGAU wellastocompensateforpotentialfutureloadincreases.Thesubcriticalcrackgrowthrateanalyseswerealsoenvelopedinasimilarmanner,byusingaconservativeloadcyclingspectrumbasedonGinnadesigntransientsandthemostseveretransientloadsinthestressreports(References3and4).1.3ConclusionsConclusionsresultingfromtheprecedinganalysesarereflectedintermsofcriticalthrough-wallcracklengthsforinstabilityandcracklengthsfor1gpmleakratesinthefollowingtable:GINNASTRESSREPORTWORSTCASENSTRESSESCrackLenthforInstabilit(in.)LineCrackOrien-tationNetSectionCollaseCrackLengthTearingfor1gpmModulusLeakRatePressurizerSurgeAccumulatorcirc~long~ClrC~long.7.810>20>1222162.6<23.52.66BothNetSectionPlasticCollapseandTearingModulusapproachesareusedtopredictcriticalcracklengthsforinstability,basedonworst-casestresses.Theworstcase(Ginnastressreport)stressesusedfortheRGE-02-004Revision0nutechIINOINCGAS

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pressurizersurgelineanalysesarePm+Pb=34,747psi.ThecorrespondingstressesfortheaccumulatorlinearePm+PI=30,133psi.Onlynormaloperatingpressurestresseswereusedtocomputeleakrates.Thus,thisanalysisisconsideredtobeconservative.RGSE(References5and6)hascurrentbulkleakdetectioncapabilitiestodetect1gpmleakratesfortheselinesinatleast6.4hr.Sinceamarginofatleastafactorof2existsbetweenthecracklengthsfora1gpmleakandthe"worstactualstress"lengthsforinstability(consistentwithReference2guidance),thesecurrentleakdetectionsystemsareconsideredadequate.Furthermore,subcriticalcrackgrowthrateanalysesshowthatinserviceinspectionintervalsof10yearsareappropriatetodetectpart-through-thicknesscracksbeforetheyapproachinstability.RGE-02-004Revision0nutech 2.0FRACTUREMECHANICSLEAK-BEFORE-BREAKANALYSISPostulatedbreaksintheaccumulatorlineorpressurizersurgelinecouldadverselyaffectnearbysafety-relatedequipment.TheselinesattheGinnaPlantareshowninFigures2-1and2-2,andthepipingsystemparametersaregiveninTable2-1.Additionally,guidanceforperformingfracturemechanicsleak-before-breakevaluationstoresolvethisissuewasforwardedtoRochesterGasandElectricCorporation(RGE)bytheNRC(Reference2).Thisapproachwasemployedforthesepipinglines.Itisbasedonacombinationofinserviceinspection(ISI)andleakdetection,todetectthepresenceofcracks,andoffracturemechanicsanalysestoassurethatpiperupturewillnotoccurforcrackssmallerthanthosedetectablebythesemethods.Thesedetectionmethodscomplementeachother,sinceISIisespeciallysuitedtofindinglongcracks,andleakmonitorsdetectshort,through-thicknesscracks.ThesetypesofcracksarerepresentedinFigure2-3.InaccordancewiththelatestNRCguidance(Reference2),theleak-before-breaktechniquewasevaluatedfortheGinnapressurizersurgeandaccumulatorlines.Theelementsofthisevaluationincludethedefinitionofthefollowing:RGE-02-004Revision0nutechGNOINCRRU a)Largestcracksizewhichwillremainstable;b)Leakrateresultingfromacrackoflength2t(twicethepipewallthickness);c)Sizeofcrackwhichwillleakatarategreaterthanlgpm,ifb)resultsinlessthan1gpm;d)Analysisofpart-through-thicknesscracksforsub-criticalcrackgrowthratestoestablishISIintervals.Veryconservativeanalyseswereperformedtopredictthelargeststablecracksizes,byusingASMECodemaximumallowablestresses,andalso,byusingthemaximumstressesinthepipingstressreports(References3and4).Inthisway,setsofanalyseswereperformedtoenvelopealllocationsineachline,aswellastocompensateforpotentialfutureloadincreases.Thesubcriticalcrackgrowthrateanalyseswerealsoenvelopedinasimilarmanner,byusingaconservativeloadcyclingspectrumbasedonGinnadesigntransients(Reference8)andthemostseveretransientloadsinthestressreports(References3and4).RGE-02-004Revision0 2.1CriticalCrackSizesforInstabilitThreemethodsofanalysistopredictcriticalcracksizesfortheGinnaaccumulatorlineandpressurizersurgelinewereconsideredaccordingtotheguidancegivenbytheNRCinReference2.Thesemethodsare:a)linearelasticfracturemechanics;b)J-IntegralandTearingModulusapproaches(Reference9);andIIc)thenetsectionplasticcollapsecriterion(References10and11).AsseeninTable2-1,thesepipingmaterialsareType316austeniticstainlesssteel,whichhasaveryhighleveloftoughness.Reference7reportsacriticalJ-Integralvalue,JIc,forfractureinitiationofType316at600'F,of5260-2inaoneinchthicktestin-lbinspecimen.OtherresultsforType304stainlesssteel(asimilarmaterial)areshowninFigure2-4andarealsoatahightoughnesslevel.Figure2-4showscrackextensionasafunctionofappliedJ-Integralloading.Insomecases,JIcvaluescanbesimplyconvertedtoKIc(linearelasticfracturetoughness)andusedforaRGE-02-004Revision0nuteclh conservativeanalysisoffractureresistanceinacomponent.However,thisconversionissuspectformaterialswhichdonotmeetthefollowingvaliditycriterion(Reference12):B>25Icywhere,B=Specimenthickness(in.)JZc=CriticalJ-IntegralValue(2)in-lbine=Materialyieldstrength(psi)BysolvingtheprecedingequationforB,usingJIc=5,260anda=30,000psi(theroomtemperature2yieldstrength),itcanbeseenthatBmustbegreaterthan4.4inchesforavalidconversiontolinearelasticfracturemechanicsparameters(KIc)andanalysis.Athighertemperature,astheyieldstrengthdecreases,thethicknessrequirementbecomesevengreater.Thus,forthiscombinationofhighmaterialtoughnessandlowyieldstrength,theapproachoflinearelasticfractureImechanicsisnotconsideredvalid.Otherapproaches,basedonelastic-plasticfracturemechanicsarerequired.TheapproachesofJ-Integral,TearingModulus,andnetsectionplasticcollapsecriterionareusedinthisprogram,asdetailedinthefollowingsubsections.RGE-02-004Revision010nute@4 2.1.1J-IntegralandTearingModulusAnalysesTheseanalysesfollowthemethodologyofReference9forthestainlesssteelaccumulatorandpressurizersurgelinesatGinna.InaccordancewithReference2,LevelDstresseswereusedforthisanalysis.ASMECodeallowablestressesfortheselinesaregiveninTable2-2.Forthecaseoftheseelastic-plasticcrackstabilityanalyses,onlytheprimarystressesareconsidered,becauseoftherelativelylargedeformationsaccompanyingfracture,whichwouldrelieveanysecondarystresses.ThisisconsistentwithReference10,whereitisrecognizedthatsecondaryandpeakstresseshavenoeffectonthelimitloadbecausetheyareproducedbytheactionofimposedstrainsorarelocallyconf'inedandself-limiting.2.1.1.1StressesTheCodemaximumallowableprimarystresses(membraneplusbending)fromTable2-2areequaltoShyFortheaccumulatorline,thisgivesPm+Pb=37,600psi.Forthepressurizersurgeline,Pm+Pb=56,400psi.RGE-02-004Revision0nutscdKNOINIKAS Conservativeanalyseswerealsodoneforthemostseverestressesattheworstlocationineachline,accordingtothestressreports(References3and4).Thesestressesalsoincludethermalstressesandassumealleventsoccurringsimultaneouslyforconservatism.Fortheaccumulatorline,theworstcasePm+Pb=30,133psiatnode8,400(Reference4),consistingofthesumofdeadweight,RHRmalfunction,lossofload,andseismic(SSE)stresses,alongwiththeprimarymembranepressurestress@Pm5gl60psi.Forthepressurizersurgeline,theworstcasePm+Pb=34,747psiatnode690(Reference3),consistingofthesumofdeadweight,controlrodejectionandseismic(SSE)stresses,alongwiththeprimarymembranestressof5,919psi.2.1.1.2AccumulatorLineBothcircumferentialandlongitudinalthrough-wallIcracks,asshowninFigure2-3a)wereevaluated.FromReference9,theJ-integral(J)andTearingModulus(T)arecalculatedfrom:20a(Stress)[2]EFactorandT=(Stress)[Y2+2]FactorRGE-02-004Revision012nutschIKNOINGIXRG where,EFlowstressCrackhalf-lengthElasticmodulus()=Stressfactor(Reference9)[]=Geometryfactor,definedbygeometryparametersX,Y,andY'Reference9)FromtheASMECodeSectionIIIAppendices,giscom-putedastheaverageofSyandSu(minimumexpectedyieldandtensilestrengths)tobe52.5ksiat100'Fand48.8ksiat300'F.Avalueof50ksiis,thus,usedforthisanalysis.Similarly,E=28.3X10psi,at100'Fand27X10psi,at300'F.Thus,avalueof27.5X10psiwasselectedforthisanalysis.TheparameterXisusedinReference9todeterminethegeometryfactors.Itisdefinedas:a(Rt>/where,R=Piperadius,5inchest=Pipewallthickness,1inchRGE-02-004Revision013nuteelhj ValuesofJandTforastressof30,133psiandvaryingcracklengthswerecomputed,asshowninTable2-3,forcircumferentialandlongitudinalcracks.Anothercasewascomputedforaflaw7incheslongwithvaryingstresses,inTable2-4.The7inchflawsizewasselectedtobeafactoroftwogreaterthanthelargestflawwhichwillgiveapredictedleakrateof1gpm(Section2.2ofthisreport).ThefactoroftwoisconsistentwiththatgivenintheReference2guidanceforthemarginbetweenaleakingandanunstablecrack.Thiswasdonetodefinethemaximumstressesatwhichthecracksarepredictedtoremainstable.TheresultsoftheanalysesinTables2-3and2-4areplottedinFigure2-5forcomparisonwitharepresen-tativematerialJ/Tcurve(Reference7).AppliedJandTvaluestotheleftofthematerialcurvearecon-sideredtoresultinstablecrackbehavior(Reference9).AceilingofappliedJ=24,000in-lb/in.wasalsoplacedonthisanalysis,sincethisisthehighestvaluerepresentedbythematerialresistancecurveinFigure2-5.Itshouldbenotedthattheanalysesforlongitu-dinalcracksareespeciallyconservative,sincestressesotherthanpressurestressesarenotaslikelytoaffectthisorientationofflaw;yettheyareincludedinthisevaluation.RGE-02-004Revision014 ConclusionsfromTables2-3and2-4andFigure2-5arethatlargevaluesofstressesandcracksizesaretoleratedbythesepipesbeforeinstabilityispredicted.Insomecases,thevalidityofthisanalysisisexceededbeforecrackinstabilityispredicted.Thelargestthrough-wallcracksizes,evaluatedfor,theworstcasestressof30,133psi.,whichremainstablearea22inchlongcircumferentialcrackanda16inchlonglongitudinalcrack.Stressesofatleast55,000psi,and50,000psi,aretoleratedfor7inchlongthrough-wallcircumferentialandlongitudinalcracks,respectively.ThesestressesarejustbelowthemaximumASMECodeallowableprimarystressof56,400psi,butarewellabovetheworstcasestressof30,133psi.2.1.1.3PressurizerSurgeLineAnalysessimilartothosedonefortheaccumulatorlinewerealsoperformedfortheGinnapressurizersurgeline.AppliedJandTvalueswerecomputedforastressof37,600psi,themaximumASMECodeallowableprimarystresswhichisgreaterthantheworstcasestressof34,747psi(Reference3),forvaryingcracksizes(Table2-5).SincehigherprimarystressesarenotpermittedbytheASMECode,thecalculationsforhigherstressesRGE-02-004Revision015nutec4 werenotperformedinthiscase.Valuesofg=45ksiandE=25X10psiareused.TheresultsoftheseanalysesareplottedonthestabilitydiagraminFigure2-6,aswasdonefortheaccumulatorline.ConclusionsfromFigure2-6arethatthrough-wallcrackslongerthan20inchesand12inchesforcircumferentialandlongitudinalorientations,respectively,arestablefortheappliedstressof37,600psi.2.1.2NetSectionPlasticCollapseCriterionThenetsectioncollapsecriterion(NSCC)followsReference10,withseveralminorchangesintheequationsused.Specifically,thiscriterionassumesthatfailureisdefinedbyplasticinstabilitywhichoccurswhenthestressinthenetsectionatthecrackreachesthematerialflowstress.Thisapproachiscon-servativeforausteniticstainlesssteel,sincetheflowstressistakenastheaveragebetweentheminimumexpectedyieldandtensilestrengths.Inreality,strainhardeningofthismaterialwouldcontinuebeyondthisflowstressandwouldgiveincreasedresistancetocollapse,whichisnottakenintoaccountinthisanalysis.RGE-02-004Revision016nutechQNQINQtERG Whenaconservativecompoundcrack(acombinationofthrough-wallandpart-throughwallcracks,asseeninFigures2-7and2-8)isassumed,theanalysisbecomesslightlymorecomplexbecauseofshiftingthepipeneutralaxisbytheangleg(Figures2-7and2-8).Thiseffectisincludedinthefollowingequationstocomputecriticalcompoundcracksizesforinstability:d"Pm(m-v)(1--)-(-)ta2(1--)dt2pb=-(1--)[2sing-sinv]mtwhere:aPmPbShiftoftheneutralaxisHalf-crackangleforthrough-wallcrackDepthofpart-throughwallcrackPipewallthicknessFlowstressPrimarymembranestressPrimarybendingstressTheseparametersaredefinedfurtherinFigures2-7and2-8RGE-02-004Revision017nutechGNOINCGRQ UsingthesamePmandPbstressesdiscussedinsub-section2.1.1.1ofthisreport,theprecedingequationsweresolvedsimultaneouslytoproducethefailurediagramsinFigures2-7and2-8.NumericalvaluesofthecriticalcracksizesthuscomputedarealsogiveninTables2-6and2-7fortheaccumulatorandpressurizersurgelinesatGinna.IConclusionsfortheaccumulatorlinearethatcircum-ferentialthrough-wallcracksof0.318and0.116fractionsofthecircumferencearestablefortheworstcasestressof30,133psiandthemaximumASMECodeallowableprimarystressof56,400psi,respectively.Thesearecracks10and3.6incheslong,whicharemoreconservativethantheTearingModulusresultsofsubsection2.1.1.SuchconservatismhasalsobeenshowninReference7,wherenetsectioncollapsewasanalyzedbytheJ/Tapproach.Thus,thenetsectioncollaspecriterionistrulyaconservativeestimateofausteniticstainlesssteelflawtolerance.Part-throughwallcracksequalto59.61%and21.83%ofthewallthicknessweredefinedfortheonsetofinstabilityfortheaccumulatorlinewithstressesof30,133psiand56,400psi,respectively.RGE-02-004Revision018nutech ConclusionsbasedonthenetsectioncollaspecriterionfortheGinnapressurizersurgelinearethatcircumferentialthrough-wallflawsequal'to0.248and0.223fractionsofthecircumferencearestablefortheworstcasestressof34,747psiandthemaximumASMECodeallowableprimarystressof37,600psi.Thesearecracksgreaterthan7incheslong.Part-throughwallcracksequalto47.5%and43.5%ofthewallthicknessweredefinedfortheonsetofinstabilityforthepressurizersurgelinewithstressesof34,747psiand37,600psi,respectively.2.2LeakRatesInaccordancewiththeguidanceofReference2,crackopeningareasandleakrateswerecomputedforthrough-wallcracks2inches(2t)long.Cracksizesrequiredtogiveleakratesof1gpmwerealsocalculatedfortheGinnaaccumulatorandpressurizersurgelines.Theleakratesarequiteconservativesinceonlypressurestressesareconsidered.Inreality,otherstresseswillalsotendtoopenthecracksforleakage,especiallyforcircumferentialflaws.RGE-02-004Revision019nutech 2.2.1AccumulatorLineCrackopeningareaswerecomputedforcircumferentialthroughwallcracksfromthefollowingequations(Reference2):Ap~(2mRt)G(X)EP(Rt)~Gp(Z)=X+0.16Kg(0<X<1)G(X)=0.02+0.81X+0~3X+0.03Zi(l<)<5)where,Ap=crackopeningareaa=pressurestress,inaxialdirectionp1/2~,forinternalpressure,ptTheminimumnormaloperatingpressureof750psi(Table2-1)wasemployedinthiscalculation.CrackopeningarearesultsaregiveninTable2-8.RGE-02-004Revision020nutechRNOINGGRS Foralongitudinalthrough-wallcrackthefollowingequationsareusedtocomputeAp(Reference2):aA=~(2mRt)G(),)PEpGp(X)+0.625),,(0<><1)G(g)=0.14+0.36g+0.72Z+0.405X,(1<X<5)where,aisthehooppressurestressandtheothertermspareasdefinedforthecircumferentialthrough-wallcrack.Theleakflowratesfortheaccumulatorlinearecomputedforthenon-saturatedliquidat120'F,usingtheBernoulliequation(Reference13):2gap1/2G=p[)Pwhere,G=Flowrate,(ibm/(sec.-in.))2gc=Densityat120'F=61.71ibm./1728in.(32.2)(12)in./sec.Pressuredifference,(750-14.7)psi.Theresults,ingpm,areshowninTable2-8.FortheAL,leakratesof0.236gpmand0.516gpmresultfrompressurestressesfor2tlongcircumferentialandlongitudinalthrough-wallcracks.CircumferentialandRGE-02-004Revision021nutechGNOWCRRQ longitudinalthrough-wallcrackhalf-lengthsof1.752and1.328inchesarerequiredforleakratesof1gpm.AlltheseresultsinTable2-8includealeakfrictioncoefficientfactorof0.6(Reference14).2.2.2PressurizerSurgeLineAsimilaranalysistothatfortheaccumulatorlineforApvalueswasdoneforthepressurizersurgeline.ResultsaregiveninTable2-8.Forthesaturatedliquidtheflowrate,G,isobtainedfromFigure2-9(Reference15),forthepressureof2235psiandthetemperatureof612.2'F(Table2-1).Again,aflowfrictioncoefficientof0.6isemployed(Reference14).Theresults,ingpm,areshowninTable2-8.Forthepressurizersurgeline,leakratesof0.567gpmand1.245gpmresultfrompressurestressesfor2tlongcircumferentialandlongitudinalthrough-wallcracks.Acircumferentialthrough-wallhalf-cracklengthof1.314in.isrequiredforaleakrateof1gpm.RGE-02-004Revision022nutech 2.2.3GinnaLeakDetectionCapabilitiesForprimarycoolantleakdetection(thepressurizersurgeline),RGaEhasprovidedtheNRCdocumentation(Reference5)supportinga1gpmleakdetectionin1hour.DiscussionwithRGGE(Reference6)gavefurtherdetailsregardingtheseleakdetectioncapabilities.Themethodsconsistof1)anairborneparticulateradio-activitymonitor,whichcanideallydetect0.013gpmwithin20minutes,2)amonitorofcondensateflowratefromtheaircooler,whichcandetect1gpmwithin1hourand,3)achemicalvolumecontrolsystem(CVCS)monitor,whichcandetect0.25gpmwithin1hour.IRG&Ehastwosystemsofleakdetectionfortheaccumu-latorline(Reference6).Leveldetectorsconsistofhighandlowlevelalarmssetfor1108ftand1134ft~Thedifferenceis26ftor194gal~Thisresultsinatimeintervalof3.23hrtodetectaleakof1gpmfortheworst-case,wheretheinitiallevelisjustbelowthehighlevelalarm.Therealsoisasumppump("A"pump)whichisactivatedfromalevelalarm30.5in.fromthefloorofthe4.5ftx4.5ftsumparea.Thisgivesarequiredvolumeoffluidofabout51ftor385gal.Thisresultsinatimeintervalof6.4hr.todetectaleakof1gpm.RGE-02-004Revision023nutech Promtheprecedingleakdetectionsystems,itisapparentthatRG&Ecurrentlyhasthecapabilitytodetecta1gpmleakatGinnaforthepressurizersurgeandaccumulatorlines.AsseeninTable2-8,thosecracklengthscorrespondingtoalgpmleakrategivesignificantmarginsagainstcrackinstability,whenactualworst-casestressesareusedtopredictinstability.Thesmallestmarginisafactorof2.86oncracklengthforacircumferentialcrackintheaccumulatorline.Thismarginisabovethefactorof2givenbytheNRCguidance(Reference2).Thus,theexistingRGSEleakdetectioncapabilitiesappearadequatetosupportthisleak-before-breakapproach.2~3SubcriticalCrackGrowthRatesTheprecedingfracturemechanicsanalysesandleakrateanalysesprovideinformationforprotectingagainstHELBbytheleak-before-breakapproach.However,suchinformationmustalsobegeneratedtoprotectagainstpiperuptureresultingfromthegrowthoflongpart-throughwall,non-leakingcracks.Thisisaccomplishedbydetectingandpreventingsuchcrackswithaugmentedinserviceinspection(ISI).AdequateISIintervalstopreventpostulatedpart-throughwallcracksfrombecom-RGE-02-004Revision024nutech ingcritical(unstable)areestablished'bypredictingsubcriticalcrackgrowthrates.Suchanalysesarepresentedinthefollowingsubsections,fortheGinnapressurizersurgeandaccumulatorlines.2.3.1StressProfilesLoadingconditionsforsubcriticalfatiguecrackgrowthanalysesweredefinedbyconsideringtheboundingcaseinthestressreports(References3and4).Theboundingcase(mostseverestresses)isatnode690forthepressurizersurgeline(Reference3).ThesestressprofileswereusedtoenvelopeboththepressurizersurgelineandaccumulatorlineforGinna.ThestressprofilesthroughthepipewallthicknessareshowninFigure2-10forbothcircumferentialandlongitudinalcracks.Infatigueanalysis,thecyclingbetweenminimumandmaximumloadsisconsidered.Theminimumloadconditionisforplantshutdown,whereloadingconsistsofpipingdead-weightandweldresidualstressesforcircumferentialflaws,andisassumedaszeroforlonglongitudinalflaws.Themaximumloadcondition,forallcyclesisconservativelyassumedtobethecaseforpressurizersurgelinestresseswithcontrolrodejection(Reference3).ForcircumferentialRGE-02-004Revision025nutechENIRINGliRQ cracks,themaximumloadconditionconsistsofdead-weight,weldresidualstresses,pressure(3015psistresses,andthermalstresses.Forlongitudinalcracks,themaximumloadconditioniscomprisedofpressureloading.Again,thestressprofilesassociatedwiththeseloadingsareshowninFigure2-10.WeldingresidualstressesareincludedintheNUTECHcrackgrowthcomputermodel,NUTCRAK(Reference16).2.3.2CyclingRateThetransientsconsideredtodevelopthefrequencyofcycling(betweentheprecedingmaximum/minimumloads)areshowninTable2-9(Reference8).Thesetransientswereonlyusedtoestimatethenumberofcyclesexpectedduringtheplantlife,sincetheassumedloadingsaremoreseverethanthoseassociatedwiththesetransients.Onlytransientswithsignificantloadsorwhichwereassociatedwiththesubjectpipinglineswerecon-sidered,asshowninTable2-9.Thisresultedinatotalofapproximately1200significantcyclesina40yearplantdesignlife,or30cyclesperyear.Thus,theloadcyclingspectrumassumedforthesubcriticalcrackgrowthanalysesareshowninFigure2-11.RGE-02-004Revision026nutech 2.3.3CrackGrowthRateAnalysisTheprecedinginformationwasinputtothefollowingcrackgrowthlaw(Reference17):'da(g()ndNdawhere,d=Crackgrowthrate(in./cycle)C.=Materialconstant=2.74x10n=Materialconstant=3.97bK=Rangeinappliedstressintensityfactorforeachcycle.TheequationwassolvedbytheNUTCRAKprogram(Reference16)forcrackdepthasafunctionofnumberofcycles.Stressintensityfactorsforcircumferentialandlongitudinalcracksareapartofthecalculationoutput,andincludetheeffectsofmaximum-to-minimumloadingratios.TheresultsofthisanalysisareshowninFigure2-12.Twoinitialcracksizes(depths)wereassumedforpart-Ithroughwallcracksofinfinitelength:ai=0.02inchRGE-02-004Revision027nutech andai=0.10inch.Ifitisassumedthatacrackofdepth0.02inchcanbedetectedbyISI,andthisisusedastheinitialflawsize,theninsignificantflawgrowthoccursover40years(1200cycles).Asanextremecase,itisassumedthat.aflaw0.10inchdeep(10%ofthewall)isthelimitofISIdetect-ability,andisassumedastheinitialcracksize.Evenforthislargecracksize,longitudinalcrackgrowthisinsignificant.However,circumferentialcrackextensiondoesoccur,growingfrom10%ofthepipewallthicknessto20%inabout10years.Thisisstillwellbelowthecracksizeofalmost50%ofwallthickness(d/tinTables2-7and2-8forv/m=0)predictedforinstabilityonthebasesofworstcasestressesandthenetsectionplasticcollapsecriterion.Thus,itisrecommendedthatevenforthisextremecase,anISIintervalof10yearsshouldbeadequatetodetectpart-throughwallcrackspriortoapproachingpiperupture.RGE-02-004Revision028nutechGNOINCERG

3.0CONCLUSION

SANDRECOMMENDATIONSTheleak-before-breakapproachforresolutionofHELBfortheGinnapressurizersurgeandaccumulatorlinesisshowntobefeasibleandpractical.CriticalcracksizesforruptureofthepipeswerepredictedconservativelybyTearingModulusandnetsectionplasticcollapsecriterionapproaches.Theappliedloadswerebasedontheworstcasestresses,usingthestressreports.Through-wallcircumferentialcracks24.7%ofthepipecircumference(7.75inches)areshowntobestablefortheseloads,basedonthenetsectionplasticcollapsecriterion.Longitudinalthrough-wallcracks12incheslongareshowntobestablefortheseloads,usingtheTearingModulusapproach.Circumferentialpart-throughwallcracksequaltoalmost50%ofthepipewallthicknessareshowntobestablebythenetsectioncollapsecriterion.Thus,anamplemarginoffractureresistanceexistsinthesepipes.TheanalysesbasedonmaximumASMECodeallowablestressesstillpredictsignificantresistancetofracture,butwithlessmarginforleakdetectionandISI.RGE-02-004Revision029nutech Leakrates,basedoninternaloperatingpressurestressesonly,werecomputedforthroughwallflawsoflength2t(2inches).Leakratesrangefrom0.236gpmto1.245gpmforcircumferentialandlongitudinalthrough-wallcracksinbothlines.Theworstcasecracklengthtogiveaminimumleakrateof1gpm,is3.5inchesforacircumferentialcrackintheaccumulatorline.Thisstillprovidesmarginagainstreachingthecracklengthrequiredforinstability(10inches,Table2-6)fortheaccumulatorlinewithworstcasestressreportstresses.RGGEcurrentlyhasbulkleakdetectionsystemsatGinnacapableofdetecting1gpmleaksfortheselinesinlessthan6.4hours,andareconsideredadequate.ISIintervalsof10yearsarefoundtobeadequatetopreventpart-throughwalllongitudinalandcircumfer-entialcracksfromreachinginstability.Asubstantialmarginagainstruptureexistsevenwhenlargeinitialflaws(10%ofwallthickness)areassumed.RGE-02-004Revision030nutech TABLE2-1PARAMETERSFORLEAK-BEFORE-BREAKANALYSISOFPRESSURIZERSURGEANDACCUMULATORLINES00PRESSURIZERSURGELINE(REFERENCE3)Size=OuterDia.=10.75in.,Thickness=1in.Material=A376TP316NormalMode=612.2'F,2235psi.pressureControlRodEjectionMode=697.2'F,3015psi.pressureACCUMULATORLINE(REFERENCE4)Size=OuterDia.=10.75in.,Thickness=1in.Material=A376TP316NormalMode=120'F,2235/750psi.pressureLossofLoadMode=120'F,2628/750psi.pressureRHRHxMalfunctionMode=120/300'F,2235/750psi.pressureRGE-02-004Revision031nutech TABLE2-2LEVELDASMECODEMAXIMUMALLOWABLESTRESSESUSEDFORANALYSISOFCRACKINSTABILITYFORPRESSURIZERSURGE(PSL)ANDACCUMULATORLINES(AL)(ASMECODESECTIONIIIgNC3600g1980EDITION)~allowable~x+~b~tPSL6003i015AL1002,62865,35084,6005,9195I16059,43179,44014,85312,947where:allowablehyA'Shysma11erof(3Sh,2Sy)Sh=17ksi.,Sy=18.8ksi.at600'FSh=18.8ksi.,S=30ksi.at100'FYSAf(1.25Sc+0.25Sh)Sc=18.8ksi.at100'Ff=1forthermalcycles(700aballowablepapr/(r-r)(ri=insideradius,ro=outsideradius)P(r+r.)/(r-r.)RGE-02-004Revision032nutechGNOINGGRtl TABLE2-3APPLIEDJ-INTEGRALANDTEARINGMODULUSVALUESASFUNCTIONSOFTHROUGH-WALLHALFCRACKLENGTH,a,FORTHEGINNAACCUMULATORLINEWITHANAPPLIEDSTRESSOF30,133PSI.CIRCUMFERENTIAL~a(ai)a(in)CRACK:aStress[Factor,[Y][Y+2'Y]J(-'"P)in30,13330,13330,13330,13330,13330,133246810ll0.890.61.790.62.680.63.570.64~460.64.910.61.381.381.381.381.381.381.21.82.63.34.14.51.83.24.86.28.08.43019041,9593,3155,i496,2162.54~46.68.611.011.6LONGITUDINALCRACK:30,13330,13330,13330,13330,1332468100.891.792.683.574.460.60.60.60.60.61.381.381.381.381.382.04.899.0714.5321.224.112.23~38.58.5025.72,45616.66,83431.714,59752.426,64880.0RGE-02-004Revision033nutech TABLE2-4APPLIEDj-INTEGRALANDTEARINGMODULUSVALUESASFUNCTIONSOFAPPLIEDSTRESSFORTHEGINNAACCUMULATORLINEWITHATHROUGH-WALLHALFCRACKLENGTHOF3.5IN.CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACK:a(ksi.)a(in.)StressFactor~Y1[Y2+2gY.Y'J(in-lb)inT20.71.01.11.2355055603.53.53.53.51.561.561.561.562.0516.137.989.11.651.651.651~652.852.852.852.851,0775.88,46145.919,917108.046,824253.9LONGITUDINALCRACK:0.71.01.13550553.53.53.51.562.054.01.5616.14.01.5637.94.011.011.011.02i61222.620,511177.148,285416.9RGE-02-004Revision034nutechGNOINGGRG TABLE2-5APPLIEDJ-INTEGRALANDTEARINGMODULUSVALUESASFUNCTIONSOFTHROUGH-WALLHALFCRACKLENGTH,a,FORTHEGINNAPRESSURIZERSURGELINEWITHANAPPLIEDSTRESSOF37,600PSI.CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACK:~a(ai.)a(in.)aiStress~Factor)Y2)(Y2+2~YYi)J(in-1b)illT37,60037,60037,60037,60037i6002468100.891.792.683.574.460.840.840.840.840.844.64.64.64.64.61.21'2.63.34.11.83.24.86.28.08942i6835,8139,83715,2778.2814.7222.0828.5236.80LONGITUDINALCRACK:37,60037,60037,60037,60020.890.844.641.790.844.662.680.844.683.570.844.62.04.14.8912.9.0723.14.5338.1,4907,28820,27743,31118.8655.20105.80174.80RGE-02-004Revision035notechIINQINI1GRQ TABLE2-6FAILURECRACKSIZES*FORPOSTULATEDCOMPOUNDCRACKINGINNAACCUMULATORLINEg.BASEDONNETSECTIONPLASTICCOLLAPSECRITERIONPm+Pb30,133PS'm'b56,400PSI.O.l0.20.30.4v/m0.3180.2910.2570.2160.1650.05O.l0.150.2v/n0.1160.0940.0700.0430.0120.5'.0960.596100.2183*TERMSDEFINEDINFIGURE2-7RGE-02-004Revision036nutechGNOINGGRG TABLE2-7FAILURECRACKSIZES*FORPOSTULATEDCOMPOUNDCRACKINGINNAPRESSURIZERSURGELINEgBASEDONNETSECTIONPLASTICCOLLAPSECRITERIONP+Pb34747PSI.P+Pb37,600PSI.0.10.20.30.4v/n0.2480.2150.1760.1270.063O.l0.20.30.4v/m0.2230.1890.1480.0960.0290.474900.4350*TERMSDEFINEDINFIGURE2-8RGE-02-004Revision037nutechGNQINEKGRQ SA8Q4WIIOlOIh)0IOOATABLE2-8LEAKRATERESULTSFORCIRCUMFERENTIALTHROUGH-WALLCRACKS(CTWC)ANDLONGITUDINALTHROUGH-WALLCRACKS(LTWC)INTHEPRESSURIZERSURGEANDACCUMULATORLINES(PSLANDAL)FORNORMALOPERATIONPRESSURESTRESSESLineCrackPressureStressa(psi)PCrackAreaAp(in.)forHalf-'Lengtha=1in.LeakRate***(gpm.)fora=1in.CrackHalf-lengtha(in.)for1gpmLeakRate***PSL*AL**CTWCLTWCCTWCLTWC4,8899,7781,6403,2810.001130.002480.000380.000830.5671.2450.2360.5161.314<11.752l.328SaturatedLiguidNon-saturatedLiquid***BasedonFrictionFactorCf-0.6C'0 OperatingCcleTABLE2-9TRANSIENTSCONSIDEREDINSUBCRITICALCRACKGROWTHRATEANALYSESFORPRESSURIZERSURGEANDACCUMULATORLINES(REFERENCE8)Occurrencesin40r.DesinLife1.StartupandShutdown2.LargeStepDecreaseinLoad(withsteamdump)3.LossofLoad(withoutimmediateturbineorreactortrip)4.LossofPower(blockoutwithnaturalcirculationinReactorCoolantSystem)5.LossofFlow(partiallossofflow,onepumponly)6.ReactorTripfromFullPower7.HydrostaticTest(beforeinitialstartup,andpostoperation)8.HighHeadSafetyInjection20020080408040055501105Assume1200SignificantCyclesin40yr.DesignLife(30cycles/yr.)RGE-02-004Revision039nutech 10Ice@If<<ooOoILOOSOCLOCoa<<NeoCCLlarecitLfoCACO6l~Vl>'J0O8C)Ottf~esses~IwlI~eol<<t~ota~awaI<<~Ia&<<~Itws<<NfaarwCO<<SINO'aotfetc<<LcceAececaKcafIotaercasoctope,awOKIILI<<OIoAraloooloelslfQlILt'Clsaftso'tCIta'fora'cor--akca.cocIIL'.IOC'swwew<<llwS~fC)Issf<<f0MtaWII~~)g(eaaa<<fee<<owQcwswso<<<<oNoew~0CW<IO<<ae<<e8<<OIWI+e<<t<<n~Iowa<<+Mls<<le+NIfSSc~4C.l~KIIII~,Iwoe<<IPOONNNWNCO<<lN~NSSgILCNI'IIONllollOINNILCOINCWIIINNNONWNINWILINNINI~c<<ltNNNlINWIrolllsocICtltfLICLare<<saaecsstca<<L'saaacctaaocto<<fccooLN<<cceocwofIescaot0ll'Lo<<s<<Ito<<eciaIAea<<ILatCC.Ia<<esca.SO%COSOKIOLINO~ltsaoa<<o<<LIa<<etcoeoKa~taowasaL~soaeosoto<<.LML<<CCOOCIIIfels<<OWflfCat\1~PNIIOOv<<Csso~sssooew~oewas~aeCL1ucttLAtoLCEttOtILttO1'et3og.4yK)ltoLlt1OCCSICQCAOLLICLOC1ISIC.COATCteoILOCLteCsa~I(eLI~CONCNCACCCCIL1CS.OICC7fjl44S24W3SI-353IFigure2-1PRESSURIZERSURGELINEFRGE82.01 eaP.lVlOIbJ0IpoO~OICR4rsor.r.(UCOssILIssles~I>>'rsawllMlleas*seep'rrsalle>>ase~l>>alall>>>>>>ar~It>>I~UeMI~I'I'ro~IKSWCseeOl~rwe~ot~50C405'leo440IllUhecootoe~OtOstlaT>>loto>>wt>>>>LsosLl>>wc>>secLwoteeeta>>eacsar>>aTsa>>LC>>Tjoocoatl~UrW4>>tt~I\arrlfSi5(cseerstlssIPPOIS>>law>>Ia"'Cisev~t~O.Irss400~<QSP~ar~>>r4~r~laa4'~st,'tILIIULtcllet~WIOUIllsteel~OM>>Wer~~~oseslUUOse)('ceerwaeew9ce>>sos>>earWUWwss'P~r+IMUU+leo>>srQ>>l~sso~P~ifQCDCrAllSCCCCarscccsm.sectsOtttetectlIswtsa>>etwoe>>araMLcloasecsoetliltteltsse>>l>>TerMULI>>s>>tlsealtteeel11OIteswecSale,>>tea>>ar>>l>>stsosltlteetcslt~TUSteaw>>Lree>>IIwre'ec'1>>ow>>stUlaLlwsleeLwt'LIS100SRICRSJttetfC'rtREBEC;rEhUIIIII,~ISOICSQILISWIISSCUD0SSSg0IISIteSUWI0IUSCsISsSCIWISSS0SeelWISUSILss'Kss~IU>>sswswssslssss,54>>0la>>tIre.>>0~44w>>~Is>>rawse>>jwasaseateveocssstt~sit>>0cLttteaecoteOwl>>aSILT>>Moawcrwcl>>>>el40eeoIMIC~raastsclsrAloccserts.Ic'.rsctcssl555ccIIrI4IItCtFigure2-2SAFETYINJECTIONFROMACCUMULATORAFRGE82.02 2a26a)THROUGH-THICKNESSCIRCUMFERENTIALANDLONGITUDINALCRACKSOFLENGTH2a.b)PART-THROUGHTHICKNESSCIRCUMFERENTIALCRACKOFDEPTHa.FGRE82.03Figure2-3REPRESENTATIONOFPOSTULATEDCRACKSINPIPESFORFRACTUREMECHANICSLEAK-BEFORE-BREAKANALYSISRGE-02-004Revision042nutechSNOINGSRS 480400TP304J-RCURVES()ISREFERENCEFORDATAPTS(giveninreference7)320g240160MIY9")12)(16)(17)g(10)80JIc=5260in-lb/in.FOR2TP316at600F,FORCOMPARISONTOTP304DATABASE(reference7)00.00.40.81.21~62.02.4CRACKEXTENSIONha,in.FR0E82.04Figure2-4J-INTEGRALRESISTANCECURVESFORAUSTENITICSTAINLESSSTEEL(reference7RGE-02-004Revision043nutechGNOINGGAG 280240200x160~Q120IIVI~s8040ALLONG.CRACK,30,133PSI8n/////////a=10"/ALCIRCCRACK,//30,133PPSIALCIRC.MATERIALCURVE(ref.7)ALLONG./CRACKa=3.5"/'NSTABLEcr=50,000/PSIa=SS,OOOPSISTABLECONSTANTSTRESS(30,133psi),CRACKSIZEVARIES004080120160200240CRGE83.01CONSTANTCRACKSIZE(a.=3.5"),STRESS.VARIESFigure2-5J-INTEGRAL/TEARINGMODULUSSTABILITYDIAGRAMFORGINNAACCUMULATORLINEWITHTHROUGH-WALLCRACKSRGE-02-004Revision044nutech 280240TP304'J-TMATERIALCURVE(reference7)PSL,LONGITUDINAL'CRACK,a=37,600PSI200160PSLCIRCUMFERENTIALCRACKa=37,600PSIa=6"STABLEUNSTABLEa=10"1208040o,b.-CONSTANTSTRESS(37,600psi),CRACKSIZEVARIES4080120160200240CRGE83.02Figure2-6J-INTEGRAL/TEARINGMODULUSSTABILITYDIAGRAMFORGINNAPRESSURIZERSURGELINEWITHTHROUGH-WALLCRACKSRGE-02-004Revision04SnutechENOINOGRO CRACKN1.0Rg0.8~tQ'Q~HM~H0~6~R~Hr~o~0.4+OHgog0.2P~+Pb=30,133PSI(ACTUALWORSTCASES'ROMSTRESSREPORT)Pm+Pb56/400PSI(ASMESCTIIICL2MAXIMUMALLOWABLE)0~0.000.20.40.60.81.0FRACTION.OFCIRCUMFERENCE,v/m(THROUGH-WALLCRACK)CRGE83.03Figure2-7FAILUREANALYSISDIAGRAMFORPOSTULATEDCOMPOUNDCRACKINGINNAACCUMULATORLINE,BASEDONNETSECTIONPLASTICCOLLAPSECRITERIONRGE-02-004Revision046nutech CRACKvN1.0RZUra0.8~N'0~HM~Hra~~R~ra0.6oHg+H~OPo0~4HgogRE0.2p~+pb=34s747PSI(ACTUALWORSTCASESFROMSTRESSREPORT)Pm+Pb37I600PSI(ASMESCTIIICL2MAXIMUMALLOWABLE)0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0FRACTIONOFCIRCUMFERENCE,v/m(THROUGH-WALLCRACK)CR6E83.04Figure2-8FAILUREANALYSISDIAGRAMFORPOSTULATEDCOMPOUNDCRACKINGINNAPRESSURIZERSURGELINE,BASEDONNETSECTIONPLASTICCOLLAPSECRITERIONRGE.-02-004Revision047nutechGNCIN4GRG QTlltlTCDLPVNNOART5lllltlTlDYAtOIKV~lTISXO~~~o0lNZOXO4XIRON0MNOSCINkllNNOLÃ0Laxraaunoaawunq<~g>FRGE82.05Figure2-9DIAGRAMFORMAXIMUMSTEAM/WATERFLOWRATETODETERMINEFLOWRATEFORSATURATEDLIQUIDINTHEPRESSURIZERSURGELINE(MOODYMODEL-REFERENCE15)RGE-02-004Revision048nutechGNOINQGRD 8.103ksi1.485ksiIDODIDODa)PRESSURE(p=3015psi)CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACK22.952ksib)DEADWEIGHT,CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACK34ksiIDODIDODc)THERMAL,CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACK-34KSId)RESIDUAL(reference16),CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACK16.206.ksiIDOD')PRESSURE(p=3015psi)LONGITUDINALCRACKFigure2-10STRESSPROFILESFORBOUNDINGCASE(reference3)FORSUBCRITICALCRACKGROWTHPREDICTIONSFRGE82,06RGE-02-004Revision049nutech DEADWEIGHT+RES1DUAL+PRESSURE+THERMALSTRESSDEADWEIGHT+RESIDUALSTRESSTIME(months)a)CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACK(30cyclesperyear)PRESSURESTRESSTIME(months)FRGE82.07b)LONGITUDINALCRACK(30cyclesperyear)Figure2-11CYCLICLOADINGCONDITIONSASSUMEDFORCONSERVATIVESUBCRITICALCRACKGROWTHRATEANALYSISOFPRESSURIZERSURGEANDACCUMULATORLINESRGE-02-004Revision050nutech 0.5~0.4CIRCUMFERENTIALCRACKgl0.3WQo0.20.10.0a-002"l.CIRCUMFERENTIAL-LONGITUDINALa-.=0.10"3.a=0.1044"fAT1200CYCLESLONGITUDINALCRACK01200CYCLES(10cycles/year)100200300400CYCLES(10cycles/year)500FRGE82.08Figure2-12PREDICTEDSUBCRITICALCRACKGROWTHRATESFORCIRCUMFERENTIALANDLONGITUDINALCRACKSWITHASSUMEDINITIALDEPTHS(ai)OF0.02INCHESAND0.10INCHESFORTHEPRESSURIZERSURGEANDACCUMULATORLINES

4.0REFERENCES

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