ML060530691
| ML060530691 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Oyster Creek |
| Issue date: | 02/21/2006 |
| From: | Masnik M T NRC/NRR/ADRO/DLR/REBB |
| To: | Swenson C N AmerGen Energy Co |
| Nash H, REBB/DLR/NRR, 415-4100 | |
| References | |
| %dam200604 | |
| Download: ML060530691 (68) | |
Text
February 21, 2006Mr. C. N. SwensonSite Vice President Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station AmerGen Energy Company, LLC
P.O. Box 388 Forked River, NJ 08731
SUBJECT:
ISSUANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING
SUMMARY
REPORTASSOCIATED WITH THE STAFF'S REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION BY AMERGEN FOR RENEWAL OF THE OPERATING LICENSE FOR THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT
Dear Mr. Swenson:
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff conducted a scoping process fromSeptember 16, 2005, through November 25, 2005, to determine the scope of the NRC staff'senvironmental review of the application for renewal of the operating license for the OysterCreek Nuclear Generating Station (Oyster Creek). As part of the scoping process, the NRC staff held two public environmental scoping meetings in Toms River, New Jersey, on November 1, 2005, to solicit public input regarding the scope of the review. The scoping process is the first step in the development of a plant-specific supplement to NUREG-1437, ?GenericEnvironmental Impact Statement for License Renewal of Nuclear Plants" (GEIS), for Oyster Creek.The NRC staff has prepared the enclosed Environmental Scoping Summary Report. Thisreport identifies comments received at the November 1, 2005, license renewal environmentalscoping meetings, and comments provided by letter and electronic mail. In accordance with Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations Section 51.29(b), you are being provided a copy ofthe scoping summary report. The transcripts of the meetings can be found as an attachment to the meeting summary issued on December 8, 2005. The meeting summary is available for public inspection in the NRC Public Document Room (PDR) located at One White Flint North, 11555 Rockville Pike (first floor), Rockville, Maryland, or electronically from the PubliclyAvailable Records component of NRC's document management system (ADAMS) underAccession Number ML053430247. ADAMS is accessible from the NRC's Web site athttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. This site provides access to the NRC's PublicElectronic Reading Room link (note that the URL is case-sensitive). Persons who do not have access to ADAMS or who encounter problems in accessing the documents located in ADAMS should contact the NRC's PDR Reference staff at 1-800-397-4209 or 301-415-4737, or bye-mail addressed to pdr@nrc.gov.
C. Swenson-2-The next step in the environmental review process is the issuance of the draft supplement tothe GEIS, scheduled for June 2006. Notice of the availability of the draft supplement to theGEIS and the procedures for providing comments will be published as a future Federal Registernotice. If there are any questions concerning this matter, please contact me at 301-415-1191 or e-mail MTM2@nrc.gov
.Sincerely,/RA/Michael T. Masnik, Senior Project Manager Environmental Branch B Division of License Renewal Office of Nuclear Reactor RegulationDocket No. 50-219
Enclosure:
As statedcc w/encl: See next page
- 1. Ltr to Mr. C. N. Swenson w/Svc. List, GEIS: ML060530691DOCUMENT NAME: E:\Filenet\ML060530691.wpdOFFICERLRA:DLR:LAREBB:DLR:PMOGC (NLO W/Comments)REBB:DLR:BCNAMEY. Edmonds (ltr only)M. MasnikA. HodgdonR. FranovichDATE 2/6/062/14/062/14/062/21/06 Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station cc:
Site Vice President - Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station AmerGen Energy Company, LLC
P.O. Box 388 Forked River, NJ 08731Senior Vice President of Operations AmerGen Energy Company, LLC 200 Exelon Way, KSA 3-N Kennett Square, PA 19348Kathryn M. Sutton, EsquireMorgan, Lewis, & Bockius LLP 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004Kent Tosch, ChiefNew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Nuclear Engineering CN 415 Trenton, NJ 08625Vice President - Licensing and Regulatory Affairs AmerGen Energy Company, LLC 4300 Winfield Road Warrenville, IL 60555Regional Administrator, Region IU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 475 Allendale Road King of Prussia, PA 19406-1415Mayor of Lacey Township818 West Lacey Road Forked River, NJ 08731Senior Resident InspectorU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
P.O. Box 445 Forked River, NJ 08731Director - Licensing and Regulatory AffairsAmerGen Energy Company, LLC Correspondence Control
P.O. Box 160 Kennett Square, PA 19348Manager Licensing - Oyster CreekExelon Generation Company, LLC Correspondence Control
P.O. Box 160 Kennett Square, PA 19348Regulatory Assurance Manager Oyster Creek AmerGen Energy Company, LLC
P.O. Box 388 Forked River, NJ 08731Assistant General CounselAmerGen Energy Company, LLC 200 Exelon Way Kennett Square, PA 19348Ron Bellamy, Region IU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 475 Allendale Road King of Prussia, PA 19406-1415Correspondence Control DeskAmerGen Energy Company, LLC 200 Exelon Way, KSA 1--1 Kennett Square, PA 19348Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating StationPlant Manager AmerGen Energy Company, LLC
P.O. Box 388 Forked River, NJ 08731License Renewal ManagerExelon Generation Company, LLC 200 Exelon Way, Suite 210 Kennett Square, PA 19348 Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station cc:-2-Mr. James RossNuclear Energy Institute 1776 I Street, NW, Suite 400 Washington, DC 20006-3708Theresa Lettman17 Pemberton Rd.
Southampton, NJ 08088M. Proskowski8 Rocky Road Little Egg Harbor, NJ 08087Keith Dreither203 Grouse Ct Lanoka Harbor, NJ 08734Ed Hogan556 Rt. 9 South Cedar Run, NJ 08092Frank Pacia8 Falkinburg Dr L. E. H., NJ 08087Jennifer SneedOne Port Center, Suite 505 Fifth Floor, 2 Riverside Dr.
Camden, NJ 08101Josh Mcburg112 Nautilus Dr.
Manahawkin, NJ 08050George Severt109 Venus Lane Toms River, NJ 08753Keith Cosgrove390 Norhurst Rd York, PA 17402Robert Derr1140 Windlass Dr.
Manahawkin, NJ 08050 Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station cc:-3-Diane Eleneski92 Seagoin Rd Brick, NJ 08723J. Duncan Hatfield149 Santa Cruz Rd.
Tuckerton, NJ 08087Ron Detniler18 Williams Street Barnegat, NJ 08085Sharon Taggert194 Inlet Ave Manahawkin, NJ 08090Leanne Birkmire335 Lemonte St Philadelphia, PA 19128Michelle R. Mura53 Santa Cruz Rd Tuckerton, NJ 08087Sandra Stewart11 Gladney Ave Bayvilla, NJ 08721Jean Matthews51 Parkers Pt Blvd Forked River, NJ 08731Roger Wara175 S. Odessa Ave Egg Harbor, NJ 08215David W. Woods300 Exelon Way Kennett Square, PA 19348-2473 Michael R. Tuosto1640 Miriam Drive No. Brunswick, NJ 08902Robert J. IngenitoOcean Co. Health Dept.
PO 2191 Toms River, NJ 08754-2191Jim Fitzgerald709 Compass Ave Beachwood, NJ 08722Jane R. DeMarzo13 Misty Lake Court Barnegat, NJ 08005Mark Villi nger129 Hooper Ave Toms River, NJ 08753-7605C. Tryon25 Belmont Ave Bayville, NJ 08721Joseph Simonair151 Chambersbridge Rd Brick, NJ 08723David McCarthy74 Ward Ave Rumson, NJ 07760Lindsay Curne2 Bridge Ave Building 2, Fl2 Red Bank, NJ 07701Paul DaleyDover TWP Police PO Box 876 Toms River, NJ 08754Kevin & Marie Moore52 Coral Bell. Hollow Toms River, NJ 08755Takehiko Murayama45 Tudor City Place
Apt. 1114 New York, NY 10017 Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station cc:-4-Takehiko Murayama51-05-07A, 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, JapanJohn & Eleanor Generalli38 Vail St Toms River, NJ 08757Philip Moorec/o TetraTech NUS 900 Trail Ridge Rd.
Aiken, SC 29803Jim Laird10 Heather Lane Glen Mills, PA 19342Judy Moken130 Woodland Dr.
Brick, NJ 08723Kelley McNicholas139 West Hanover St.
Trenton, NJ 08618Ed Hogan Sr.556 Rt. 9 South Cedar Run, NJ 08092Ed Hogan Jr.556 Rt. 9 South Cedar Run, NJ 08092Rod Sterling408 Brentwood Pl Forked River, NJ 08731Jay Vouglitois1036 Montauk Drive Forked River, NJ 08731Peggi Sturmfels426 Basso St Jackson, NJ 08527David Most2196 West Lacey Rd Forked River, NJ 08731Terry Matthews51 Parkers Pt Blvd Forked River, NJ 08731Roberto Weinmann 1415 Hilo Bay Dr Forked River, NJ 08371Ron Watson1033 E. Hickory Dr Lanoka Harbor, NJ 08734Jennifer M. Watley5 Sextant Dr.
Barnegat, NJ 08005Donald Posley311 Eastern Blvd Bayville, NJ 08721Tom Jackson1001 Mariner Ave Manahawkin, NJ 08050-2335Michael Mercurio 212 E. 15 th St.Beach Haven, NJ 08008Suzanne LetaNJPIRG 11 N. Willar St.
Trenton, NJ 08608Paula GotschPO Box 440 Lavalette, NJ 08735-0440Ed "Fry" Fryendahl32 Ambassador Dr.
Manchester, NJ 08759-6094 Thomas Cervasio252 Barbados Dr. North Toms River, NJ 08757-3904Ed Stroup545 Longboat Ave Beachwood, NJ 08722Tom Mongelli1015 Route 9 Bayville, NJ 08721Peggy McGinnisP.O. Box 492 Manahawkin, NJ 08050Marci Pruskowski8 Rocky Road Little Egg Harbor, NJ 08087 Environmental Impact StatementScoping ProcessSummary ReportOyster Creek NuclearGenerating StationOcean County, New Jersey January 2006U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionRockville, Maryland IntroductionOn July 22, 2005, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) received an application fromAmerGen Energy LLC (AmerGen) dated July 22, 2005, for renewal of the operating license ofthe Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS). OCNGS is located in Ocean County,New Jersey. As part of the application, AmerGen submitted an environmental report (ER) prepared in accordance with the requirements of Title10, Part 51 of the Code of FederalRegulations (10 CFR Part 51). Part 51 of 10 CFR contains the NRC requirements forimplementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 and the implementing regulations promulgated by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). Section 51.53outlines requirements for preparation and submittal of ERs to the NRC.Section 51.53(c)(3) was based upon the findings documented in NUREG-1437, ?GenericEnvironmental Impact Statement for License Renewal of Nuclear Power Plants," (GEIS). The GEIS, in which the staff identified and evaluated the environmental impacts associated withlicense renewal, was first issued as a draft for public comment. The staff received input from Federal and State agencies, public organizations, and private citizens before developing the final document. As a result of the assessments in the GEIS, a number of impacts were determined to be small and to be generic to all nuclear power plants. These were designated as Category 1 impacts. An applicant for license renewal may adopt the conclusions contained in the GEIS for Category 1 impacts, absent new and significant information that may cause the conclusions to fall outside those of the GEIS. Category 2 impacts are those impacts that havebeen determined to be plant-specific and are required to be evaluated in the applicant's ER.The Commission determined that the NRC does not have a role in energy-planning decision-making for existing plants, which should be left to State regulators and utility officials. Therefore, an applicant for license renewal need not provide an analysis of the need for power or the economic costs and economic benefits of the proposed action. Additionally, the Commission determined that the ER need not discuss any aspect of storage of spent fuel for the facility that is within the scope of the generic determination in 10 CFR 51.23(a) and inaccordance with 10 CFR 51.23(b). This determination was based on the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and the Commission's Waste Confidence Rule, 10 CFR 51.23.On September 22, 2005, the NRC published in the Federal Register (70 FR 55635) a Notice ofIntent to prepare a plant-specific supplement to the GEIS as part of the review of the renewalapplication for the OCNGS operating license. The plant-specific supplement to the GEIS will beprepared in accordance with NEPA, CEQ guidelines, and 10 CFR Part 51. As outlined by NEPA, the NRC initiated the scoping process with the issuance of the Federal Register Notice. The NRC invited the applicant, Federal, State, and local government agencies, localorganizations, and individuals to participate in the scoping process by providing oral comments at the scheduled public meetings and/or submitting written comments no later than November25, 2005. The scoping process included two public scoping meetings, which were held at the Quality Inn in Toms River, New Jersey, on November 1, 2005. The NRC issued press releasesand distributed flyers locally. Over 100 members of the public attended the meetings. Both sessions began with NRC staff members providing a brief overview of the license renewalprocess and the NEPA process. Following the NRC's prepared statements, the meetings wereopen for public comments. Thirty-three attendees provided oral comments that were recorded and transcribed by a certified court reporter. The transcripts of the meetings can be found as an attachment to the meeting summary, which was issued on December 8, 2005. The meetingsummary is available electronically for public inspection in the NRC Public Document Room orfrom the Publicly Available Records (PARS) component of NRC's document system (ADAMS)under accession number ML053400397. ADAMS is accessible from the NRC Web site athttp://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm.html (the Public Electronic Reading Room; it should be notedthat the URL is case sensitive).The scoping process provides an opportunity for public participation to identify issues to beaddressed in the plant-specific supplement to the GEIS and highlight public concerns and issues. The Notice of Intent identified the following objectives of the scoping process:*Define the proposed action
- Determine the scope of the supplement to the GEIS and identify significant issues to beanalyzed in depth*Identify and eliminate peripheral issues
- Identify any environmental assessments and other environmental impact statementsbeing prepared that are related to the supplement to the GEIS*Identify other environmental review and consultation requirements
- Indicate the schedule for preparation of the supplement to the GEIS
- Identify any cooperating agencies
- Describe how the supplement to the GEIS will be preparedAt the conclusion of the scoping period, the NRC staff and its contractor reviewed thetranscripts and all written material received, and identified individual comments. In addition to the comments received during the public meetings, one comment letter was received by the NRC in response to the Notice of Intent. All comments and suggestions received orally duringthe scoping meetings or in writing were considered. Each set of comments from a given commenter was given a unique identifier (Commenter ID letter), allowing each set of comments from a commenter to be traced back to the transcript, letter, or email in which the comments were submitted. Several commenters submitted comments through multiple sources (e.g.,
letter and afternoon or evening scoping meetings).Comments were consolidated and categorized according to the topic within the proposedsupplement to the GEIS or according to the general topic if outside the scope of the GEIS. Comments with similar specific objectives were combined to capture the common essential issues that had been raised in the source comments. Once comments were grouped according to subject area, the staff and contractor determined the appropriate action for the comment.Table 1 identifies the individuals providing comments and the Commenter ID letter associatedwith each person's set(s) of comments. The Commenter ID letter is preceded by OS (short for OCNGS scoping). For oral comments, the individuals are listed in the order in which they spoke at the public meeting. Accession numbers indicate the location of the written commentsin ADAMS.The subject areas the comments were grouped into are as follows:1.Support of License Renewal at Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station 2.Opposition to License Renewal at Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station3.Surface Water Quality, Hydrology, and Use 4.Aquatic Ecology 5.Terrestrial Ecology 6.Threatened or Endangered Species 7.Air Quality 8.Land Use 9.Human Health 10.Socioeconomics 11.Alternatives 12.Postulated Accidents 13.Uranium Fuel Cycle and Waste Management 14.License Renewal Process 15.Issues Outside the Scope of License RenewalEach comment is summarized in the following pages. For reference, the unique identifier foreach comment (Commenter ID listed in Table 1 plus the comment number) is provided. In those cases where no new environmental information was provided by the commenter, no further evaluation will be performed.The preparation of the plant-specific supplement to the GEIS (which is the SEIS) will take intoaccount all of the relevant issues raised during the scoping process. The SEIS will addressboth Category 1 and 2 issues, along with any new information identified as a result of scoping.
The SEIS will rely on conclusions supported by information in the GEIS for Category 1 issues, and will include the analysis of Category 2 issues and any new and significant information. Thedraft plant-specific supplement to the GEIS will be made available for public comment. Thecomment period will offer the next opportunity for the applicant, interested Federal, State, andlocal government agencies, local organizations, and members of the public to provide input to the NRC's environmental review process. The comments received on the draft SEIS will be considered in the preparation of the final SEIS. The final SEIS, along with the staff's Safety Evaluation Report (SER), will provide much of the basis for the NRC's decision on the OCNGSlicense renewal application. TABLE 1 - Individuals Providing Comments During Scoping Comment PeriodCommenter IDCommenterAffiliation (If Stated)Comment Source (a)OS-ATom JacksonScoping MeetingOS-BMike MercurioSt. Francis Environmental MinistryScoping MeetingOS-CEd FrydendahlScoping MeetingOS-DDon WarrenScoping MeetingOS-EJ. SimonairScoping MeetingOS-FEd StroupInternational Brotherhood of Electrical WorkersLocal 1289Scoping MeetingOS-GBud SwensonAmerGenScoping MeetingOS-HFred PolaskiExelonScoping MeetingOS-ITom CervasioEnviroWatchScoping MeetingOS-JWayne RombergScoping MeetingOS-KJudith CambriaScoping MeetingOS-LBud ThomanInternational Brotherhood of Electrical WorkersLocal 94Scoping MeetingOS-MChip GerrityScoping MeetingOS-NDon WilliamsScoping MeetingOS-ONancy EriksenNatural Resource Education FoundationScoping MeetingOS-PPaula GotschGrandmothers, Mothers, and More for Energy SafetyScoping MeetingOS-QSuzanne LetaNew Jersey Public Interest Research GroupScoping MeetingOS-RKelly McNicholasSierra ClubScoping MeetingOS-SChris TryonScoping MeetingOS-TJay VouglitoisScoping MeetingOS-UTerry MatthewsScoping MeetingOS-VRoberto WeinmannScoping MeetingOS-WEd Hogan, SrConcerned Citizens for AmericaScoping MeetingOS-XEd Hogan, JrConcerned Citizens for AmericaScoping MeetingOS-YRod SterlingScoping MeetingOS-ZDavid MostScoping MeetingOS-AAPeggi SturmfelsNew Jersey Environmental FederationScoping MeetingOS-ABJeffrey BrownScoping MeetingOS-ACJennifer M. WatleyScoping MeetingOS-ADRon WatsonScoping MeetingOS-AEDonald PoseyScoping MeetingOS-AFJudy MokenScoping MeetingOS-AGDiane EleneskiScoping MeetingOS-AHJennifer Sampson,Nicole SimmonsClean Ocean ActionLetter (ML053120157)OS-AIBob Scro,Michael DeLucaBarnegat Bay National Estuary ProgramLetter (ML053220253)OS-AJClifford J. DayU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceLetter (ML053360432)(a) The afternoon and evening transcripts from the scoping can be found under accession number ML053400397. Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating StationPublic Scoping MeetingComments and ResponsesThe comments and suggestions received as part of the scoping process are discussed below. The alphanumeric designator in parentheses after each comment includes the Commenter's ID letter (from Table 1) and the comment number. More than one comment number after a comment indicates that the same comment was made in the afternoon and evening scoping sessions. Several commenters did not provide their names at the scoping meetings. These individuals are indicated as
?unidentified participant." Some portions of oral comments wereinaudible in the recorded transcript. Inaudible passages are indicated parenthetically below as
?inaudible" at the location where they occurred within the applicable comment.1. Comments in Support of License Renewal at Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating StationComment: Today Oyster Creek has the longest track record of safe operations in the U.S.nuclear industry. License renewal presents an opportunity for the continued employment of 450area residents and the continued clean, safe, reliable production of electricity to meet our ever-growing demand in the region. I'm truly pleased for the employees at Oyster Creek and for the residents of Ocean County. (OS-G-1, OS-G-15)Comment: In addition to the inherent environmental benefits of nuclear power, at Oyster Creekwe go to great lengths to minimize our impact to the environment. We live here. We raise ourfamilies here. It's just as important to us as it is to you that we operate this plant safely andprotect our natural resources. Ocean County is a beautiful place to raise a family, and I'm proud to be a resident. (OS-G-7, OS-G-21)Comment: In conclusion, AmerGen's management and I personally believe that Oyster Creekis a safely operated plant and can operate for an additional 20 years in a safe manner. It'llprovide 600 megawatts of electricity that's not only safe, but it's clean, reliable, environmentally friendly, and economical. Continued operation of Oyster Creek will benefit this community, theState of New Jersey, and our country. (OS-H-5, OS-H-10)Comment: On behalf of all of those employees, many of these employees play active roles inOyster Creek's environmental program. They are committed to achieving a balance betweenmaking the megawatts that we all need and protecting the environment, and they work hard at that. When you compare nuclear with other baseload fuels, nuclear is the environmental choice without question. (OS-F-1)Comment: The facts will clearly show that Oyster Creek is ready and able to produce cleanpower for an additional 20 years. (OS-F-4)Comment: I favor the licensing of Oyster Creek. As a power plant engineer, I understand thatall generation facilities have some impact on the environment, and that doesn't matter if it's solaror wind power or fossil or nuclear. It's just a fact of life. (OS-J-1)Comment: I support the relicensing of Oyster Creek as a way to provide power for New Jerseywith the least environmental impact. (OS-J-9) Comment: I urge you to conduct a thorough review of the Oyster Creek license renewalapplication. You will clearly find that Oyster Creek is safe, it complies with environmentalregulations, and it will continue to do so. Most importantly, Oyster Creek is a critical part of theNew Jersey infrastructure that we cannot afford to lose. It serves a significant portion of the demand in this region, some 600,000 homes, without polluting the air. Additionally, most people in this area and around the state support the relicensing of Oyster Creek, because they understand that it is safe, and has been a good neighbor and taxpayer. The continued safe, clean, and reliable operation of Oyster Creek is critical for the long-term energy stability in NewJersey, and vital if we are to reduce greenhouse gases emissions as proposed by both the State and Federal governments, while also meeting the energy demands of New Jersey consumers.
Oyster Creek is a non-polluting energy supplier, and that is important to our environment. It is an enormous economic engine, and it is vital that it continues to be online to meet the growing demand for electricity in New Jersey. We support Oyster Creek license renewal, and we are confident that you will find it is the right thing to do as well. (OS-L-1)Comment: We support the relicensing overall. (OS-M-2)Comment: I am an environmental advocate. I believe that nuclear power, if done responsibly, ifwe can address the issues of nuclear power, what the problems are, from something that wasdesigned 40 years and correct those problems, it's a viable, safe alternative energy. (OS-B-3)Comment: It's six generations, I think we have now, have been designed at nuclear plants thatare safer. We just need to address the issues that are of concern for a 40-year plant andcorrect them. And I'm for recommissioning it if those problems can be corrected. (OS-B-7)Comment: In addition, we host various environmental meetings at the power plant, and we givepeople tours. So I invite you to sign up for a tour. If you're afraid of the plant, if you're afraid ofspent fuel, if you don't understand what has been said here today, or at other meetings, comeand take a tour. If you live in Forked River, you're right across the way, a couple of miles away.
Schedule to take a tour and see how clean it is, see how environmentally friendly we are.
(OS-O-5)Comment: Oyster Creek is very concerned about the environment and is a steward of theenvironment. In closing, I'll just say that it's clean, safe, and reliable. (OS-O-7)Comment: The second reason that we sample at Oyster Creek is to protect the environment. We sample the air and the water that leaves the plant to make sure that we have a minimumimpact on the environment. We not only meet state and federal regulations, but often we beatthem. We're extremely proud of our record as a zero release plant and we continually improve our operating procedures as we discover new ways to be better environmental stewards.
(OS-AC-2)Comment: I've worked at Oyster Creek for coming up to 25 years. I'm very proud to work atOyster Creek. I consider Oyster Creek to be an environmental steward. They're an example ofa company that has a very low impact to our environment. Now I was brought up across Finninger's Farm when I was a child and I had a boat and I have to tell you honestly for all those years, 30 some years, I have seen zero impact to our environment. Nothing has really changed in our environment. (OS-Z-1) Comment: So in closing, I'd like to say sincerely that as a worker, I'm proud to stand up hereand I couldn't obviously stand up here in front of my town, defending the power plant, if I didn'tbelieve in what I did. So I truly believe that Oyster Creek does not have an impact, a negative impact to our environment. So I hope the NRC will truly look at Oyster Creek and renew thelicense for another 20 years. (OS-Z-7)Comment: I can see the power plant every day from my back door and I thank God every daythat that power plant is there for what it does for Lacey Township. Financially, it's put people towork, etcetera. (OS-U-2)Comment: So I would say that if we consider the number of barrels of oil that would bereplacing the nuclear plant, I am totally for it, for the nuclear plant. (OS-V-2)Comment: And yes, I am in favor of relicensing the plant, under the understanding that the NRC does not find anything wrong with the plant, that they don't, like Mr. Brown suggested,rubber stamp the approval, which I don't think they would, but I don't know. (OS-AD-1)Comment: I'm somewhat saddened here tonight by some of the attitudes toward the nuclearindustry that I see being represented here. I was in the oil industry for about 30 years. I sleptwith Exxon, Mobile, Phillips Petroleum and I was involved with every country that has oil on theplanet: Aramco, Saudi Arabia, these are my customers; Iran, Venezuela, Mexico, etcetera. And it is my contention that politically for some reason we've never had an energy policy since 1973.
Those of you old enough to remember that, the odd and evens. And we never did anything about it and at that point it was about -- I went to an energy conference at the Hotel Pierre,Marathon Oil was there, Teneco, the head of the Battelle Institute, among numerous others. Gene Cernan, the astronaut was there, that landed on the moon, and so on. At the conclusion --that was 1974-1975 -- of that conference, they all said that nuclear was out because Jane Fondawouldn't allow it to happen. Tom Hayden. So we were out on that score. But coal gasification, coal liquifaction was a very viable situation and it started out with people like Catalytic Construction, United Engineers, Bechtel, Brown and Root, it goes on and on, Stone and Webster, everybody had a coal gasification plant on the drawing board ready to go.Now I myself was involved in a billion dollar plant up in North Dakota which nobody remembers. It's still up there. It's about 100 miles north of Bismark, North Dakota. I've been up there manytimes. The only problem was in 1984, the petroleum coming out was at $50 a barrel and the Saudis, it was $20 a barrel and they dropped it down to $16, so that made that economicallyunfeasible. So there was another large project that really bears recognition here. That was the Exxon Colony Shell Oil Project. And they jumped in full steam ahead to take our 2 million yearsof shale oil and get our diesel fuel, our gasoline, our benzene, kerosene, light oils out of it. You do the same thing with coal. You grind it up, mix it with water into a slurry, into the pipeline and into the chemical set. The gal with the chemical industry, she was up a little while ago, she knows what that's about. And we have that available. In 1984, it came to a grinding halt. I don'tknow why it came to a grinding halt, but it did. I was new construction sales manager of a company. I lost my job because of that. Nothing was going on. There was no building going on here, no nuclear plants being built, no fossil plants, pretty much zero.So what I see here today in the year 2005 is that we're sort of dependent on foreign oil for ourexistence, for our ability to get to and from work. This is not a good situation for America, not a good situation. And unless we start building, whether we like it or not, the time for debate isover. The time for debate has long since past about nuclear plants. There's a hundred of them.
They're all running. You never hear a word about them, hardly a word about them.But I think that there are people in the United States today that would like to turn this place into agame farm and that's their wish, but you can't do that. We have to live. There's 300 millionpeople, 280 to 283 million people and we have to survive here and we desperately need energy. And conservation is an aspirin to a man that has cancer. It's not going to help you. In the long run, you're going to be -- you'll take five gallons tomorrow and I'll take five gallons the next day.
That's no way for Americans to live. General Patton would be totally upset here. He'd be as appalled as I am at what I see in this generation and how we're approaching things. We should go full steam ahead, build nuclear plants, government involved, get the oil companies, they'vegot a death grip on this thing, unfortunately, and I know them pretty well. They've taken advantage of the situation. And get the coal gas. We can get our diesel fuel, our gasoline out ofcoal. We can put the electrical workers to work, the hard hats, the pipefitters, the steamfitters that I used to deal with and so on. I know them intimately. And move forward and put people to work. There's one political party and I'm not going to mention his name, but he keeps telling theconstruction workers, well, you're in our party, but now is not the time, now is not the time to time anything, just wait your time. Meanwhile, we're asking them to pay rent, a mortgage, whatever and put food on the table. We can get Americans working building coal gas plants, building nuclear plants and at the same time making us independent, the way we should be.When I see Conoco-Phillips drilling oil in the Soviet Union, what's that doing for me in the UnitedStates? Do I want to be a prisoner of the Russians? I certainly do not. I want to be independent here. That's fine for them. I dealt with the Minister of Oil and Gas in the fields inthe Soviet Union. I met the man, he's a 6 foot 7 Russian, claims he didn't speak English and wemet him at the meeting and we were involved with a 56-inch pipeline that was going from Siberia to Germany. Nobody knows that exists either. There's a 56-inch gas line going from Siberia to Germany. We were bidding the valves on the thing. The company I was with, we had supplied the Alaskan pipeline valves, the 800-mile pipeline from Prudhoe Bay down to Valdez.So there's quite a bit here. Nuclear is part of the equation. It's not the whole equation, but it'scertainly needed in today's times and we have no other choice. You're kidding yourselves with windmills and other sources of renewable energy and plant life and so on. It's just not going towork. (OS-W-2).Comment: Oyster Creek should be relicensed. Here are the reasons why. It's a safe plant. It's an environmentally friendly plant. It provides needed electricity for the state at a low costcompared to oil and natural gas. Oyster Creek provides good jobs and supports the surrounding economy. Oyster Creek gives to charities in the local economy. Instead of calling for OysterCreek to shut down, everyone here tonight and at other meetings should be thanking it for thebenefit it provides to the state. The strongest endorsement that I can give to Oyster Creek, I believe, is this. My family in the mid-1970s chose to move. We could have moved any place.
We chose to move close to the plant. My mother wanted to return from Pennsylvania and at my recommendations moved close to the plant. My aunt returned from Florida and moved close to the plant, as well as my brother-in-law and two other family groups. We have always felt secure in those decisions for our families to live close to Oyster Creek and we still do. Although I nolonger work at Oyster Creek, I did for 24 years. I've seen everything there is to see there. I've been in every part of the plant. I personally know highly-trained, highly-skilled, dedicated peoplewho work there. That's why I'm comfortable with my family living close to Oyster Creek. I strongly recommend and support the license extension for Oyster Creek and it should be granted another 20 years. (OS-F-6)Response: The comments support license renewal at OCNGS. The comments are general innature, provide no new information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.2. Comments in Opposition to License Renewal at Oyster Creek Nuclear GeneratingStation Comment: I don't know how many people are aware of it, but the type of reactor or the type ofboiler in Oyster Creek, which is a Mark I system, was deemed obsolete by the then AtomicRegulatory Commission about one year after that plant was built. So we're now sitting with a plant that's 40 years old, with a reactor or a boiler in there which is deemed obsolete, and nowwe're asking for 20 more years? I don't think so.Don't you think that you people should be aware of these things? You're coming to a meeting tobring us information, and you don't have a lot of information. I don't understand this. (OS-C-2)Response: The Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) used at OCNGS consists of a BoilingWater Reactor (BWR) designed by General Electric Company having a Mark I pressuresuppression containment system. This type of containment system is the most common type inthe BWRs currently in commercial operation in the United States. General Electric Companyhas continued to revise its NSSS design over the years, and the Mark I containment system wassuperceded by the Mark II and Mark III designs. A BWR having a Mark I containment system isno longer available for purchase by a utility. Nevertheless, the Mark I containment system atOCNGS has been continually upgraded by the licensee to conform with all current NRC safetyrequirements. The comment provides no new information and will not be evaluated further.Comment: Two-thirds of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission represents the people in thenuclear industry. By their past and present action, it appears that they represent, rather thanregulate, the nuclear industry. But if they were looking out for the health, safety, and welfare of the people, it wouldn't be a question of if a license was renewed or denied, but of when. (OS-I-
1)Comment: Therefore, we ask, for the good of the people and the environment, that the NRCand the DEP deny the renewal of a license for the continued operation of the Oyster Creeknuclear plant. (OS-I-9)Comment: Another thing I'd also like to point out -- that Oyster Creek is handing out bumperstickers. And I'd like to notice the flaw in the bumper sticker, the lack of quality control. I thinkthis is just kind of par for the course for Oyster Creek. They can't even seem to get a bumper sticker right. (OS-D-11)Comment: We are actively opposing the relicensing of the plant to extend past 2009. As aclub, nationally, we are opposing the siting of any new nuclear power plants. (OS-R-1) Comment: Again, we oppose the continued extension of this license beyond 2009. I think thatthe environmental review needs to take things into account as to whether other Federalregulations and laws are being followed. How is it that the plant can violate the Clean Water Act,yet another Federal agency will approve the continued operation? I don't understand how thatworks. (OS-R-6)Comment: There are too many problems with the plant, too many problems -- obsolete, unsafedesign. Radiation leakage, even a small amount, accumulates in your body. Environmentalproblems, nuclear waste accumulation, for which there is no solution at all, impossible, laughable evacuation plan. AmerGen is a private corporation. They care more for the bottom line, theirprofit, their corporation, than they do for our safety. And it's extremely revealing that the peoplehere who have spoken in favor of the plant work there. They have a financial incentive to have the plant continue to operate. My heart goes out to you, but I will not feel safe until that plant isclosed. (OS-S-3)Comment: For the record, the New Jersey Environmental Federation is opposed to therelicensing of Oyster Creek. We believe that the decommissioning process should [have]commence[d] in the year 2000 with plans similar to Maine Yankee and a guarantee of just transition for its workers. (OS-AA-1)Comment: I do want to formally for the record state that New Jersey PIRG opposes the licenseextension for Oyster Creek. (OS-Q-6)Comment: I'm concerned. I have great compassion for all of you. I know this is your jobs. Ithink that when I look at life and I look at New Jersey, I consider myself a New Jerseyan first. And I have great regard and respect for this State. I have seen it exploited from one end to the other. I have seen debris left all over and I look and think about these rods which I guess in 10 years there's going to be a solution and yeah, you know, life here, New Jersey is going to become the dumping ground. The most important thing I can do as a parent is to leave a good legacy to my children. I can think of nothing better than a good earth. That's something that all the money in the world can't buy. I can hope that from this and out of this we can create a betterNew Jersey. And if it means removing this plant, that's what would occur. If it means it's safer for my children, for my grandchildren, if it means that part of New Jersey would remain intact, better than it was when I lived here, that would be my goal as a parent. (OS-AG-1)Comment: The reasons against re-licensing are numerous, including inappropriate location,aging and degrading infrastructure, and problematic storage capabilities - issues that ourcolleagues are currently analyzing. (OS-AH-1)Comment: So what I'm saying here is I don't want to hear that we've got to have this powerplant, it's safe and it's good and it's producing a lot of jobs, because the people of LaceyTownship are not going to see any difference in their tax structure if that thing closed tomorrow.
The reason for that is because the tax law was passed many, many years ago that said if Oyster Creek closes, it does not have an impact on the taxes of Lacey. Let's close it, and let's get it done now. (OS-C-7)Response: The comments oppose license renewal at OCNGS. The comments are general innature, provide no new information, and will not be evaluated further. 3. Comments Concerning Surface Water Quality, Hydrology, and UseComment: At other public meetings, some raised questions about our use of chlorine. We douse chlorine to keep the plant's condenser tubes clean and improve the efficiency of the plant. However, it's virtually non-detectable by the time it gets out of the condenser, and it certainly is not toxic to fish or any other living organisms. In addition, we are well below the allowable amounts of chlorine allowed by our discharge permits. (OS-G-9, OS-G-23)Comment: The issue with chlorination, constantly dumping this chlorine. For the man to makea statement that chlorine is not toxic to fish, I've had an aquarium, and one of the first things youdo in an aquarium is you dechlorinate the water before you put it in, or it will kill your fish. Granted, you can dilute it down to quantities that may be acceptable, but to say that it's nothaving an environmental impact is not -- is not correct science. Because of this, this is why I'm focusing my environmental question on, again, the leakage from the plant and the radioactivityfrom this leakage from this plant. Without a closed loop system, this extra contamination fromOyster Creek is ending up in our environment, because these leaks aren't all going into controlled areas. These leaks are going into the recirculating cooling water area, because of the design of the plant. So this is an environmental concern that I feel must be taken into consideration when deciding to issue an environmental permit for Oyster Creek in this licensing renewal. (OS-D-10)Comment: We minimize the use of chlorine as a biocide. And by the way, all power plants thathave once-through condensers use biocide. That's -- I mean, all over the State, that's the way itis unless you've got a cooling tower. (OS-J-6)Response: The release of contaminants to surface water bodies is a Category 1 issue that hasbeen evaluated in the GEIS. All effluent discharges are regulated under the provisions of theClean Water Act and the implementing effluent guidelines, limitations, and standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the States. Conditions of discharge forOCNGS are specified in its New Jersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NJPDES) permit. The comment provides no new information and will not be evaluated further.Comment: The question is it seems that the flow of the Forked River may have changed thepattern under which sediments are deposited in the ground of the river and the adjacent lagoonsthat are along the Forked River. And I think there are navigational and recreational difficultiesbecause of these deposits that don't allow you to get in and out unless you (inaudible) everytime. So can something be done and it was done apparently by the plant 10 years ago. The question is can this be repeated or can something be done about it? (OS-V-1)Response: The commentor suggests that station operation has resulted in an altered flowpattern in Forked River that may be contributing to shoaling at the mouth of the finger canals. The impacts associated with alteration of current patterns due to station operation were considered in the GEIS. Section 4.2.1.2.1 of the GEIS specifically discusses the operation of theOCNGS with respect to the impacts associated with the alteration of flow in both Forked River and Oyster Creek. The GEIS states that substantial hydrological and water-quality changes inForked River and Oyster Creek resulted in only minor effects in Barnegat Bay. Also according to
the GEIS, ?changes to current patterns are of small significance if they are localized near theintake and discharge of the power plant and do not alter water use or hydrology in the wider area." Although the staff does not dispute the possibility that station operation is causing theshoaling and would also do so during the period of extended operation, the staff finds that theGEIS broadly addressed this issue and finds that no new and significant information exists to suggest that the conclusion in the GEIS is no longer valid. In the past, the licensee has periodically dredged portions of Forked River and Oyster Creek to maintain adequate depth.
With respect to future remediation of the shoaling problem, the staff believes that this is outside the scope of its NEPA review, but the phenomenon will be discussed in the SEIS nonetheless. 4. Comments Concerning Aquatic Ecology IssuesComment: The second reason that we sample at Oyster Creek is to protect the environment. We sample the air and the water that leaves the plant to make sure that we have a minimumimpact on the environment. We not only meet State and Federal regulations, but often we beatthem. We're extremely proud of our record as a zero release plant and we continually improve our operating procedures as we discover new ways to be better environmental stewards.
(OS-AC-2)Comment: I know that DEP has jurisdiction over their water discharge permit, and I don't know-- actually, I'd like to ask how much jurisdiction the NRC has over that, and whether you actuallylook at whether Oyster Creek is complying with the Clean Water Act, or if that is simply a matter for the DEP to consider, because it's unclear to me what is the truth in that. I mean, I know the DEP does, but I don't know what the NRC's role is in that. So just to be clear in terms of OysterCreek's water impact into the local waterways, and to Barnegat Bay, that since Oyster Creek was built in 1969, the plant's operation has really resulted in very far-reaching and long-lastingenvironmental degradation to nearby waterways, including Forked River, Oyster Creek, and Barnegat Bay. And, unfortunately, as it stands right now, the DEP's draft water permit does let the plant off the hook, and I would hope that the NRC would not do the same, if you do havejurisdiction, any type of jurisdiction over this. (OS-Q-1)Comment: Chlorine is injected through each of the circulating pumps daily to prevent andremove fouling organisms such as bacteria. Maximum chlorination occurs in the summermonths when water temperatures peak and fish eggs and larvae are most abundant in the zooplankton and invertebrate and fish numbers peaks.1)Chlorine directly kills phyto- and zooplankton entrained in the cooli ng system and can impactorganisms residing in the discharge canal and surrounding waters.
a)Chlorine begins to be lethal to marine organisms at 0.01 mg/L but tolerance issignificantly lowered by high temperatures and physiological condition of the organisms.b)OCNGS has a permitted daily maximum discharge limit of 0.20 mg/L of chlorine into thedischarge canal, 20 times higher than the lethal limit of many estuarine organisms including striped bass, mummichogs and bunker. One chlorine related fish kill resulted inthe death of 500 Atlantic menhaden in January of 1974.2)Toxic residual organic compounds (chloramines) are a byproduct of chlorination, whichpersists in the canal and effluent resulting in long-term exposure to fish and other aquatic organisms residing in the canal and plume area. 3)Radionuclides are released from OCNGS and bioaccumulate through out the estuarine foodweb. Reactor-released radionuclides (60Co, 137Cs, 54Mn) have been detected in water,bottom sediments, benthic marine algae, seagrass, hard clams, blue crabs, bunker, winter flounder, summer flounder, bluefish and several other fish. Organisms collected near Oyster Creek had the highest levels of radionuclides but detectable levels were found through out the bay. Recent sediments collected near the discharge canal contained levels of 60Co thatwere up to 63 times higher than sediments collected at other locations within the Barnegat Bay- Little Egg Harbor estuary.4)The current NJPDES permit for OCNGS indicates a maximum daily limit of 15 ppm of PAH[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons] can be discharged from 5 of their outfall pipes. Thesources of this contaminant are not clear. (OS-AH-4)Response: The discharge of non-radioactive contaminants in the cooling water of the station,including chlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), is limited by the NJPDES permit. Implementation of the Clean Water Act provisions is the responsibility of the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA), and the EPA often delegates such authority to the State as is the casewith New Jersey. The State of New Jersey, not the NRC, sets the limits of effluents according tothe Clean Water Act. This issue was evaluated generically in the GEIS and, absent new and significant information, the staff adopts the conclusions in the GEIS. With respect to non-radioactive contaminants, the comments provide no new information and will not be evaluatedfurther.A comment was made concerning bioaccumulation of radionuclides in the estuarine food web. The staff's review of the license renewal application includes an evaluation of offsite releases of radionuclides from OCNGS including their movement through the food web. The results of thisevaluation will be discussed in the SEIS.Comment: At Oyster Creek we do everything we can to protect the Barnegat Bay. We have aconstant focus on planning and executing our work to minimize the impact to the environment. On a day-to-day, hour-to-hour basis, we monitor water temperatures. We regularly take water samples to ensure compliance with regulations. We also coordinate any planned load reductions and shutdowns to avoid the risk to marine life. This practice is often costly, but it's essential to meet our commitment to the environment. Just this past weekend we performed a routine power reduction, and due to our environmental team there was no environmental impact.
(OS-G-8, OS-G-22)Comment: The employees at Oyster Creek -- and there are about 450 of them -- are highlytrained and environmentally sensitive. We're a zero discharge plant. We have modified theirturbine cooling water intake to be fish-friendly with soft sprays to return fish to the environment.
Our intake screens are sized to be environmentally friendly. So we've changed some things over the years to make the plant more friendly to the environment. (OS-J-3)Comment: Our startups and shutdowns, we have worked very hard in the last couple of yearsto do very slow startups and slow shutdowns, because that's environmentally friendly. And sincewe've started doing that, we've had no fish kills as a result. The fish don't like a fast change oftemperature. (OS-J-5) Comment: It's a well-known fact that the best fishing in the area, in Ocean County, is on Route9 on the Oyster Creek discharge. You can go down there this afternoon and count thefishermen and count the fish they're getting. You know, I anchor my boat. I have an environmentally friendly sailboat. We anchor it in Oyster Creek. We get blue shell crabs there.
We swim there. You know, we feel good about it. (OS-J-8)Comment: Oyster Creek is also involved in several environmental projects. Most recently, wepurchased a boat for the Rutgers Extension Service Clam Restoration Project. The project teamis working on reestablishing clam beds in the Barnegat Bay, and the boat will be used to moreefficiently implement the restoration of the clam beds and other important environmental projectsin the future. (OS-G-11, OS-G-25)Comment: And anybody that's coming up with these cockeyed stories about, oh, they needwater towers, no, they don't need water towers. T he system they have is fine. The water flowsin, and it flows out, and they do a good job. (OS-N-2)Comment: I heard a couple of statements made tonight that I feel obligated to correct. One isthat Oyster Creek is in violation of the Clean Water Act. That is simply not true. Oyster Creekcould not operate today if it was in violation of the Clean Water Act. Oyster Creek currentlyoperates under a New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit that was issued bythe New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. That would not be possible if theywere in violation of the Clean Water Act. That is a false statement.Secondly, I heard someone say that there are far-reaching and long-lasting environmentaldegradation occurring due to the operation of the existing once-through cooling system. Well,there was a very thorough independent evaluation of this once-through cooling system that wasdone prior to the issuance of the permit that I referred to a second ago. The permit was issued in 1994. Before issuing the permit, the DEP hired an independent consultant called Versar to evaluate all of the studies, and there were some 20 years of intensive studies that were done onthe cooling system at Oyster Creek. I know because I participated in many of them. If I wasn'tactually doing the work, I participated in the design of the studies. I oversaw the hiring of the consultants. I looked over those -- their shoulders as they did the work. I'm very familiar withthis work. But it's not my opinion that's important. It's the opinion of the independent expert thatwas hired by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection prior to the issuance of the current permit. That independent consultant -- Versar -- was asked to determine if theexisting once-through cooling system complied with Sections 316(a) and (b) of the Clean WaterAct. Based upon the results of their review, Versar and the NJDEP, in the permit that they issue,concluded that the continued operation of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station at theestimated levels of losses to representative important species populations -- and these are thelosses due to the impingement and entrainment that you heard people talk about. Continuedoperation at those levels of losses, without modification to the intake structures and/or operatingpractices -- again, without modification to the intake structure, does not threaten the protectionand propagation of balanced indigenous populations in Barnegat Bay. That's a direct quote from the DEP's independent consultant. It's not opinion. It's not AmerGen or Exelon's opinion.It's worth noting that Versar, the consultant that the DEP hired, was not shy about asking to havepower plants modify their cooling water intakes. As a matter of fact, a few months before they initiated the evaluation of Oyster Creek, they finished one up on the Salem nuclear generating station. And based upon the results of their evaluation of that cooling system, they called for a50 percent reduction in cooling water flow, which is essentially calling for backfitting,closed-cycle cooling. So they weren't afraid to say that Oyster Creek needed to modify theircooling system. But, in fact, they determined the opposite -- that it didn't need to be modified. Acouple of the other conclusions that they and the DEP came to, that I'd like to share with you,that are contrary to some of the assertions that were made tonight, include -- and these aredirect quotes. "The losses due to impingement at the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Stationwere of no consequence to the compliance determination." Losses due to impingement of no consequence to the compliance determination. Discharge effects, contrary to the fact that youheard that there is a thermal plume that goes all the way across the bay, causing all kinds ofhavoc, the DEP's independent consultant concluded, I quote, "Discharge effects are small andlocalized, and have no adverse consequences to Barnegat Bay."They go on to conclude, I quote, "Based on findings summarized in this report, balancedindigenous populations of Barnegat Bay are protected under Oyster Creek's current operations." I quote, "Plant-related losses at the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station do not adverselyimpact spawning and nursery functions." I quote, "Plant-related losses at the Oyster CreekNuclear Generating Station do not adversely affect the estuarine food web of Barnegat Bay." Iquote, "Plant-related losses at the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station do not adverselyimpact the beneficial uses of Barnegat Bay." This is contrary to the comment that I heard a fewminutes ago that the alleged degradation of the bay is having a negative impact on theeconomy. These are not my conclusions. These are the conclusions of an independent expert hired by the Department of Environmental Protection. (OS-T-1, OS-T-2)Comment: Now we're here to talk about the environment and I had addressed the DEP lastweek and I read a statement, but I'd like to get a little bit more informal as far as our screenwash system that actually protects our marine life. I believe that we have a minimal effect on ourmarine life as far as impingement or entrainment on our screen wash system. (OS-Z-3)Comment: So my point being too is I'm a fisherman out in Barnegat Bay. I used to clam when Iwas a kid. And the only problem that I see out in Barnegat Bay is our limits. Now the State ofNew Jersey limits our catch as far as striped bass. Now there was a low with striped bass I would say about 15 years ago, you couldn't barely catch a striped bass because they were pretty much fished out. Well, what happened is the State stepped in and they limited the catch limit.
Well now if you look at the population in Barnegat Bay as far as our striped bass population, it's huge. I mean we're catching alligators out there and it's great. And our weakfish are the same.So my point to the people that are saying that Oyster Creek has a negative effect on BarnegatBay, I totally disagree with them because if that was a fact, they would never come back. Now as far as our clams, I used to clam for a living too. And I remember Cattrell's -- remember Cattrell's in Waretown? Well, we used to go clamming and everybody knows where the batting ring is when baseball players put a batting ring on a bat to make it heavier. Well, these clams, you'd have to fit the clams through a batting ring and they would consider them a cherrystone.
Well, when I was a kid, that's what we used to do to make a living. We used to actually clam and we'd drop the clams off at Cattrell's and the clams used to fit through the batting ring and they were considered cherrystone. You'd get more money for cherrystones. But through the years, as our area has developed in Lacey Township, along with all our neighboring towns, the population has just exploded. So what happens to our clams? They get fished out. So we need time to let them reproduce and I'm confident in time that our clam population will increase as wellas our striped bass and our weakfish. (OS-Z-6)Comment: In the environmental area, I'm proud to say that during the last refueling outage, weshut the plant down, performed the refueling and restarted the plant with zero impact to theenvironment. And that's because of being good stewards of taking the time and getting the people involved from the chemistry organizations to the outside organizations to analyze the plant's impact to the environment and implementing that into the scheduling itself. So we tookadditional time to shut the plant down. We had people stationed out at the discharge canal andwe had zero impact on the fish and the marine life out there. So that proves to me that OysterCreek is a good steward and it should be relicensed for another 20 years. (OS-AE-2)Comment: Environmentally, I'm a local in Ocean County. I know first hand people who fishright around the plant. They say they've never caught such big fish in their life, or crabs for thatmatter and none of them I've seen who I've known through the years and I've been here for years, none of them have come down with cancer, none of them are turning green and none of them are glowing in the dark. That's one thing I can say. And the gentleman from Forked River who's lived here for his life and he's in the Republican Party, he's told you that he sees morebass in the bay, that's probably due to conservation, but one thing you can say it's not because of Oyster Creek is destroying those fish. If anything, it's helping those fish spawn. (OS-X-3)Response: The comments are, in general, supportive of OCNGS's existing once-throughcooling system, and no specific response is provided. The SEIS w ill address the impacts of theonce-through cooling system as well as those associated with an alternative closed-cyclesystem.Comment: It's common knowledge that the State of New Jersey and the DEP is trying to forcethem to build a cooling tower. The cooling tower, according to my understanding, is not underthe NRC, that you are actually reviewing it based on the approved method of operation. So thequestion is is this cooling tower or what amounts to blackmail, they're asking for 3500 acres in order for the State to give them this water commitment separate from you? What impact does that have on your environmental statement? (OS-U-1)Response: The NRC's responsibility under NEPA is to provide a fair and comprehensiveanalysis of potential impacts related to the proposed action, to evaluate alternatives, andsuggest mitigation if deemed necessary. Approval of a cooling-system design is theresponsibility of the EPA, which has delegated that responsibility to the State of New JerseyDepartment of Environmental Protection. In the SEIS the NRC will evaluate the existing once-through cooling system as well as those associated with an alternative closed-cycle coolingsystem.Comment: So even as of 1981, the technology that existed then, one of the areas from time totime was the water purification section -- (inaudible) recovery towers, (inaudible) recoverytowers, various aspects. And when the water was discharged into the (inaudible) River, which occurred in most of the (inaudible) -- the by, the ocean -- (inaudible) tanks (inaudible) clean water as of (inaudible). Now, we had found earlier, based on (inaudible), that both Federal and State organizations (inaudible) that the Hope Creek, New Jersey atomic power plant (inaudible). And now (inaudible), we had a (inaudible) recovery time and (inaudible). I'm not aware of a fish kill at (inaudible) Creek. At the Oyster Creek facility, to my knowledge, (inaudible). But I'maware (inaudible) not one, but three massive fish kills. We have learned today that the OysterCreek facility still does not have (inaudible). We have heard from two gentlemen -- thissurprised me -- that they are environmentally conscious. They are conscious of (inaudible). The discharge site needs further work. We need a water cooler (inaudible) there on the discharge site. We do not need these fish kills anymore. Part of the renewal process for this licenseshould be a consideration of a coolant tower should be built. (inaudible) one at Hope Creek.
We need one at Oyster Creek. (OS-A-1)Response: Although, unfortunately, much of the comment was not captured in the transcript,the NRC staff believes that the commenter intended to express concern about fish kills thatresulted from plant operations and to suggest that conversion to a closed-cycle cooli ng syst emusing a cooling tower would be advisable. In the SEIS the NRC staff will consider the effects of converting to a closed-cycle cooling system at OCNGS.Comment: Oyster Creek's present water and intake system destroys marine life. In the year2002, the plant was fined $50,000 for killing 5,876 fish. If the Oyster Creek plant does notconstruct a cooling tower, the plant will continue to contribute to the loss of habitat in theremaining estuary, so, therefore, the plant should be shut down. (OS-I-6)Comment: The point I'm trying to make here is they talk about the environmental impact. There's a tremendous environmental impact when Oyster Creek continues to operate every day. The fact that they are unwilling to spend the money for a cooling tower, which is exactly what itcomes to -- everybody has seemed to look at it, including the Environmental Protection Agency, and say this is the best alternative, yet Oyster Creek is looking for the cheaper way out. This is not true community concern. (OS-D-9)Comment: And I do truly believe that the environmental impact on the aquatic life and overall --not just fish, all others, has been very, very devastating. And we are so overfishing as it is outthere once they get bigger that we need to be able to have as many possible make it to that point, and so they can become part of our food supply. So I'm very concerned about that.
(OS-K-2)Comment: I don't want to see any more fish kills. I saw enough of them. I saw striped bassthree and four feet long when I lived in Lacey floating in that creek because of that plume thatcomes out of there, that hot water. We were told before by somebody from the plant that theyadd cool water to it. Again, my question to the people at AmerGen -- four miles out in Barnegat Bay that plume continues to send warm water out into the bay. You can't tell me that that's notaffecting the ecosystem and the environmental condition of Barnegat Bay. And I don't care whatkind of an engineer you are, or where you went to school, or what you studied, I'm taking it from a fisherman and an environmentalist who says that warm water should not be shot out there. (OS-C-4)Comment: The other thing that should be addressed is the fact that the coolant -- the cooling ofthe water into Barnegat Bay can be very easily solved as heat recovery systems can be put inalong the area, hydroponics, different areas. Forty years ago, we had a system -- we had a baythat was full of life. Today it's -- our oceans are 90 percent depleted. (OS-B-5) Comment: You know, the once-through cooling system that was designed in the 1960s simplyisn't sufficient to fix the problems that have been going on for so long in terms of intake andwater discharge. You know, to describe -- I don't know if anyone has done this yet, so I'm going to do this -- I hopefully am not repeating what someone else has already said. But for the public's knowledge, I want to describe how the system works. Essentially, the heated water --excuse me, the -- first, the system intakes water from Forked River to cool the reactor, and thenthe heated water, which is then called thermal pollution, is then discharged into Oyster Creek. And the plant actually intakes and discharges over 1.4 billion gallons of water every day. Thewater is taken in at a speed of about 1- to 2,000 cubic feet per second. That's actually the forceof a medium-sized river. The chlorine levels in the water are also about 20 times the lethal level of many different types of aquatic life. And there are grates over the intake system, but becausethe water is flushed in at such a high speed, it creates a very -- it's kind of like a giant sucking action, and that brings in an assortment of aquatic life. Some of it is small, some of it is larvae that flows right through the grate, and it's killed in the process of cooling the reactor. And thateffect is called entrainment. And then, larger types of aquatic life -- and those include sea bass, they include white perch, they also include endangered sea turtles. Although it's great to hear that you're looking at birds, that's an endangered species that, unfortunately, you do notaddress. Those creatures actually get pinned on the grate and often die from it and/or seriouslyinjured, and that lethal effect is called impingement. So you have entrainment, where water is going through t he system, and then you have impingement, when aquatic life is being impingedupon the grate.So in addition to that, Oyster Creek's daily thermal pollution discharge often spreads a thermalplume, and that can be over a distance of four miles across the bay. It's actually the entire widthof the bay. It creates a fry zone for young larvae, and the NRC has actually done studies andindicate that the thermal plume has increased the population of the tropical wood-boring speciesthat, you know, serve kind of as aquatic termites in the area.So, you know, all of these problems associated with Oyster Creek's water intake and dischargesystem actually put it in violation of the Clean Water Act, because that specific Act requires theplant to install modern technology that actually fixes the problem, and, fortunately for us, thattechnology is available. That technology is called a closed-cycle cooling system. There aredifferent types of these types of systems. Oyster Creek will talk about how, you know, it willhave more environmental problems than without it, but the reality is that we know -- and the DEPhas stated this several times -- that, in fact, it won't result in any kind of environmental problems.
In fact, it will really fix the root cause of the problem, because it actually reduces the amount ofwater going into a system and being discharged out to the system by over 95 percent. Andthat's actually the way to solve that particular problem involved with Oyster Creek's environmental record.So we know, again, that reduces the discharge and intake by over 95 percent, and that actuallywould save over 13 million fish and shellfish annually, and an estimated tens of millions ofadditional larvae annually. Unfortunately, the DEP permit right now, it doesn't require the plant to install a closed-cycle cooling system only. Unfortunately, it gives Oyster Creek the option ofrestoration. If you're going to use restoration, you should use it as a penalty for violating the Clean Water Act for the past 35 years. You should not use it as an alternative to modern technology. That can actually solve the root cause of the problem. And I would hope that the consideration of this particular issue, and of a closed-cycle coolingsystem, would be part of the NRC's environmental scoping record, and actually would look at theDEP's best professional judgment, which is stated, although it -- although it allows for restoration, if you take a look at that permit, it says specifically that closed-cycle cooling will actually fix the problem. So that's the first thing I wanted to state on the record. (OS-Q-2)Comment: In addition to that, I wanted to just again reinforce -- I know you look at aquatic lifeand aquatic ecology. You want to make sure that you're looking very closely at Oyster Creek'sintake and discharge. (OS-Q-12)Comment: However, given our mission, Clean Ocean Action's current focus is on the marinedegradations caused by the plant. An immediate and significant issue for the marineenvironment, linked to the re-licensing, is the renewal of the required pollution discharge permit.
Oyster Creek Nuclear is currently operating under a New Jersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit (hereinafter "NJPDES permit") that expired in 1999 and has been "administratively extended" by the NJ Department of Environmental Protection (hereinafter "NJDEP"). This permit, originally issued in 1994, is outdated (to say the least) and results in significant harm to the marine environment. Fortunately, new Phase II regulations require implementation of the "best technology available to minimize the adverse environmental impact."
Revising the plant's NJPDES permit to comply with Phase II regulations offers one of the most important opportunities to improve Barnegat Bay.NJDEP is currently drafting a new NJPDES permit, which will implement the new Phase IIregulations. This draft permit must be evaluated and viewed as an essential, rare opportunity to substantially improve the marine environment of Barnegat Bay. COA will analyze and commenton the permit application and will work to ensure that the new permit is consistent with federaland state laws, and adequately resolves OCNGS' current marine degradation issues, especially those related to the antiquated once-through cooling system. Put simply, once through coolingwater systems cause substantial negative impacts to waterways. OCNGS' current cooling waterintake structure causes severe adverse effects on the Barnegat Bay marine environment due to impingement, entrainment, thermal discharge, and chlorination. These impacts, which can be substantially minimized by installing a closed-cycle cooling system, are described below. Fromthe outset, it is important to note, that an extensive scientific literature review has revealed thatall available data on impingement and entrainment at the plant are the result of studiesperformed and/or funded by the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.OCNGS currently operates using a once-through cooling system in which approximately 1.4billion gallons of water passes through daily. OCNGS discharges more water into Barnegat Baythan any other industrial or commercial user. Water is drawn into the plant via the Forked River (Intake Canal) and released via Oyster Creek (Discharge Canal), which drains into Barnegat Bay. Both the river and creek were dredged and the flow of the southern portion of Forked River was actually reversed to accommodate the water needs of the plant. The activities of the plant change the salinity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in and around the facility andrelease radionuclides that can be detected all the way up the food web. Specific environmentalimpacts related to the intake and discharge canals follow. The intake canal produces significant flow velocities depending on the number of circulating pumps in operation. The consequence is both impingement and entrainment of aquatic organisms. Impingements occur when organisms are too large to pass through the 9.5-mm screens and aretrapped against the trash racks and intake screens from the force of the water being pumpedfrom the intake canal.1)Plant records indicate 32 impingement and 14 mortalities of endangered sea turtles since1992. These data include the following species specific incidents:
a)21 impinged Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles with 9 mortalities.
b)7 impinged Loggerhead Sea Turtles with 2 mortalities.
c)4 impinged Green Sea Turtles with 1 mortality.
OCNGS exceeded their annual incidental take in 2004 when 8 juvenile Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles were impinged and 3 were killed in the 3 month period from July 4 to September 23. An Incidental Take Assessment by the National Marine Fisheries authorized an annual limit of 4 Kemp's Ridley's (with no more than 3 mortalities), 5 Loggerheads (with no more than 2 mortalities) and 2 Green's (no more than 1 mortality). 2)A study conducted from September 1975 through August 1977 reported impingement of 13million fish and invertebrates during this period.3)A second study conducted from November 1984 through December 1985 reportedimpingement of 22 million fish and invertebrates (with 7 million impinged in December 1985alone).Entrainments occur when small organisms pass through the 9.5-mm screens and enter thecooling system. These smaller organisms generally consist of plankton and fish andinvertebrates in the many early life stages. The facility increases water usage (and thus flow)during the summer months, which coincides with peak concentrations of eggs, larvae and plankton in the water column. A study conducted from September 1975 through August 1977 reported 9.19x10 13 microzooplankton (<500 m in size including several species of copepodsand clam, snail, worm and barnacle larvae) and 4.24x 10 11 macrozooplankton (>500 m in sizeincluding jellyfish, sand shrimp, grass shrimp, larvae of sandlance and American eels, eggs and larvae of winter flounder, and several crab species.) were entrained during this time period.
Once entrained, the organisms are subjected to numerous and potentially fatal insults including:1)Thermal shock from the sudden increase in water temperature (12-13 o C).2)Shear and pressure forces from high water velocity and trapped air.
3)Mechanical stress from contact with machinery, pumps, etc.
4)Lethal levels of chlorine injected daily into the condenser section to reduce biofouling.The once-through cooling system used by OCNGS results in an increase in water temperature(between 22-33 oF) between the intake and discharge canals. Water temperature in thedischarge canal can reach 110 oF, which affects the behavior, physiology and habitat utilization ofaquatic organisms in the area. The elevated temperature in the discharge canal andsurrounding waters induces behavioral changes that have been documented in important managed species such as bluefish, fluke, winter flounder, and tautogs. Some of these behavioral changes include:1)Avoidance of parts or all of Oyster Creek by certain species during summer and early fall. 2)Attraction to parts or all of Oyster Creek during winter when they should have migrated out ofthe area due to cold temperatures. Failure to migrate can lead to large-scale mortality (due to thermal shock) when the plant experiences a planned or emergency shut down.
a)Records from January 1972 through December 1982 reported 2,404,496 fish were killeddue to thermal shock including Atlantic menhaden, bay anchovy, bluefish, striped bass and weakfish.b)An emergency shutdown on January 21, 2000 caused a 17 oF drop in the watertemperature in the discharge canal in 15 minutes. The rapid drop in temperature to 32 o Fresulted in the death of about 3500 fish including 2980 striped bass.c)An emergency shutdown on November 11, 2001 caused a 70 oF drop in the watertemperature in the discharge canal in 15 minutes. The rapid drop in temperature to 48 o Fresulted in the death of about 1407 fish.d)A scheduled shutdown on September 23, 2002 caused the water in the discharge canalto increase to 101 oF in less than an hour and resulted in the death of about 6000 fish. AmerGen recently reached about a $1 million dollar settlement over this inci dent.3)Metabolic rate of organisms increases with increased temperatures resulting in decreasedgrowth and survival, especially during summer months when ambient water temperatures are at their peak.4)High water temperature decreases oxygen solubility in water and increases BiologicalOxygen Demand ("BOD") resulting in dangerously low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water.5)Tropical/subtropical invasive species are able to thrive in the surrounding warm water plume. Two exotic shipworms (Teredo barschi and T. furcifera) have benefitted from the elevatedtemperatures with an increase in growth rate and length of breeding season along with reduced winter mortality, which lead to a population increase that has created problems for boat owners in the vicinity of the plume. (OS-AH-2)Comment: Detectable Impacts of the OCNGS on the Aquatic Community1)Reduced phytoplankton abundance at the mouth of Oyster Creek compared to other areas inthe estuary. These impacts include lower diversity, a 30 percent decrease in gross productivity, a 20 percent decrease in net productivity and a 17.7 percent drop in biomass.2)Changes in zooplankton abundance with some organisms showing increased abundance atthe mouth of Oyster Creek than in the discharge canal (barnacle and polychaete larvae)while others showed a decrease in abundance (rotifers, snail larvae).3)Reduced ichthyoplankton abundance in Oyster Creek compared to Forked River includingeggs, larvae and juveniles of bay anchovy and goby and pipefish larvae.4)The overall production loss of sand-shrimp due to impingement and entrainment associatedmortality resulted in a direct population loss of 16.6 percent and an estimated annual net predator loss of 7,483 kg associated with the reduced forage production.5)Economic loss of about 1 percent of potential hard clam fishery. The above individual im pacts need to be examined from an ecosystem perspective, includingcumulative effects, to fully appreciate the overall effect of OCNGS on the surrounding habitat.
Ecosystems level impacts include:1)Impacts at the base of the food web (phytoplankton, zooplankton and ichthyoplankton) affecthigher trophic levels with reduced prey availability and/or changes in preferred prey type.2)Impacts on sensitive life stages such as eggs, larvae and spawning adults have obviouspopulation-level effects.3)Changes in water quality and temperature induce physiological stress to organisms thatutilize the surrounding habitat. Physiological stress can confound the effects of other insultspresent in the Barmegat Bay estuary such as eutrophication and contaminant exposure.4)Peak abundance of organisms coincides with increased water usage and chlorination byOCNGS, thus maximizing their impact on the aquatic community.Because of the numerous adverse impacts cited above, OCNGS' antiquated once-throughcooling system must be replaced with a closed-cycle cooling system for OCNGS to continueoperations. The abuse of the Forked River and Barnegat Bay waters must be eliminated.
(OS-AH-5)Comment: Under new EPA regulations, OCNGS will be required to comply with Phase IIregulations upon the imminent renewal of its NJDPES permit. Since OCNGS' NJPDES permitexpired in 1999, the renewal of its permit will hinge on compliance with Phase II regulations.Phase II Regulations implement Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Section 316(b)of the CWA requires that the "location, design, construction, and capacity of cooling water intakestructures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" (emphasis added).Phase II Regulations mandate that OCNGS upgrade its system to meet specific performancestandard requirements. The performance standards require a decrease in fish mortality due to impingement by 80-95 percent and a reduction in entrainment by 60-90 percent (depending on total capacity utilization rates)." An existing facility may choose one of five compliancealternatives for establishing the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impacts at the site.COA finds, and strongly urges, that OCNGS install a closed-circuit-cooling system because suchsystems are the "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impacts." Anyother option simply does not reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Habitat restoration or reductions in the performance standards due to a cost-benefit analysis are particularly inadequate alternatives. In fact, a study of the restoration project at Salem Nuclear Power Plant has shown that such restoration projects do not offset theloss due to the impingement and entrainment of marine organisms. Meeting the best technology available requirement is not only the law, but is also sound and reasonable. It is also important to note that it is highly unlikely that OCNGS would be located where it istoday if it were to comply with current siting laws. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission laws now state that "special precautions should be planned if a reactor is to be located at a site where a significant quantity of radioactive effluent might accidentally flow into nearby streams or rivers or might find ready access to underground water tables." However, special precautions were not taken to ensure against such accidents during the siting of OCNGS.In short, COA will be urging the NJDEP, as it drafts the NJPDES permit for OCNGS, to m andatethe installation of a closed-cycle cooling system as a matter of law, good governance, and goodneighbor policy.1)The law requires implementation of the "best technology available for minimizing adverseenvironmental impact."2)Good governance requires protection of public resources and the quality of life.
3)A good neighbor enhances a neighborhood's resources and the quality of life. (OS-AH-6)Comment: During the past 35 years of operation at the OCNGS, there have been significantconcerns regarding impingement, entrainment, and thermal impacts on estuarine and marinelife. As a result, the Science and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) of the BBNEP convened a meeting on November 1, 2005, and drafted a number of recommendations for submission to the NRC regarding the OCNGS.*An independent, scientific body (similar to the National Academy of Science) must beassembled to coordinate and oversee surveys and studies on the impacts of the OCNGS on the Barnegat Bay/Little Egg Harbor estuary.*The NRC must require the OCNGS to focus on remediation of its direct impacts on estuarineand marine organisms in the Barnegat Bay/Little Egg Harbor estuary.*There have been very few studies of biotic communities in central Barnegat Bay during thepast 25-30 years. Additional studies must be conducted in the Barnegat Bay/Little Egg Harbor to accurately assess the impacts of entrainment, impingement, and thermal discharges on estuarine and marine organisms.*The use of wetlands restoration as a mitigation measure must not be implemented in placeof remediation efforts targeting bay populations and communities of organisms.Based on the ongoing effects of the OCNGS on the estuarine ecosystem, the NJDEP and theNRC must mandate the implementation of the best available technology for intake structuredesign and operation of the OCNGS to mitigate impingement and entrainment losses. Section316(b) of the Clean Water Act requires that the "location, design, construction, and capacity ofcooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact." This is the position endorsed by the BBNEP and its partners.The BBNEP strongly recommends that the permit include a condition that charges the BBNEPwith the role of the independent scientific body whose purpose is to coordinate research efforts in the Barnegat Bay relating to the effects of the OCNGS. The BBNEP's ComprehensiveConservation and Management Plan (CCMP) recognizes the need for such an entity. Action Item 5.15 of the CCMP charges the BBNEP with establishing this technical group for the examination and coordination of data in order to understand OCNGS's role in the overallecological health of the bay.Program partners agree that the BBNEP can and should have the lead role in coordinating andoverseeing much-needed surveys and studies regarding OCNGS's effects on the Bamegat Bay ecosystem.In conclusion, the position of the BBNEP is that regardless of the option pursued by the NRCregarding Oyster Creek's license renewal, without question, the OCNGS absolutely must be required to conduct detailed, comprehensive studies of the communities of bay organisms to determine what the overall impact of the power plant is on Bamegat Bay. (OS-AI-1)Comment: The applicant has identified its preferred alternative as renewal of its operatinglicense for an additional 20 years, without any plant modifications. The Service recommendsthat the applicant re-consider in its alternatives analysis the value to the aquatic environment ofconstructing a closed-loop cooli ng system or the employment of other project features (seebelow) that are designed to avoid or minimize adverse impacts to the aquatic environment. For example, the use of a closed-loop system would reduce intake cooling water volumes, whencompared to the preferred alternative, by 90 percent (see the applicant's Environmental Reportpage 7-19). Such an alternative would avoid many of the adverse environmental impacts that are currently occurring to the aquatic biota of Barnegat Bay (i.e., entrapment, entrainment, and thermal impacts).The continued operation of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station poses individual andcumulative impacts on the human environment. The continued use of 1.25 billion gallons ofwater per day from Barnegat Bay represents an adverse impact to the bay's aquatic biota. The Service does not concur with the applicant's conclusion that the impacts associated with itsproposed 20-year license renewal would be small and do not warrant mitigation (see page 6-4 or the applicant's Environmental Report). The intake velocities for plant cooling may approach 5.0 feet per second (fps). These velocities exceed the 0.5 fps criteria established for intake structures by the State (New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife, undated). The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) establishment of a 0.5 fps velocity for all new cooling water intake structures that draw from rivers, streams, or ocean waters of the United States (40 CFR Part 125.84 [b][2]) is consistent with the State's requirements. Velocities of intakewater that exceed 0.5 fps promote adverse impacts to aquatic resources due to entrapment orentrainment.The Service recommends that the Draft EIS also include consideration of the following projectfeatures as a means to avoid or minimize impacts to the aquatic environment: placement of additional screening/netting or other project features (e.g., bubble or sound deterrent systems) inthe intake canal closer to Barnegat Bay; employment of flow reduction options during low peak demands; construction of a large water impoundment or recirculation structure on the Finninger's Farm to supplement the plant's cooling water needs; or a combination of any of the above. (OS-AJ-5) Response: The comments, in general, express concern over the impacts on aquatic organismsresulting from the operation of the existing OCNGS once-through cooli ng system. To operatethe station, AmerGen must comply with the Clean Water Act and associated requirementsimposed by the State as part of their NJPDES permitting system. OCNGS cannot operatewithout a valid NJPDES permit. On July 19, 2005, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) issued for comment a draft NJPDES permit for OCNGS. The draft permit affords AmerGen two options for demonstrating compliance with EPA's Phase II regulations found at 40 CFR 125.94(a) for the Clean Water Act, Section 316(b). One option is to reduce intake flow to a level commensurate with the use of a closed-cycle cooling system. The secondoption is to reduce impingement and entrainment mortality of all life stages of fish and shellfish to the EPA performance standards of 40 CFR 125.94b(1) and (2). The State has also suggested that wetlands restoration is one means to meet the performance standards. The draftSEIS for license renewal at OCNGS will evaluate the effects of the existing once-through coolingsystem as well as the impacts of an alternative closed-cycle cooling system. These evaluationswill address impacts related to impingement and entrainment of organisms, cold shock,radiological releases to the aquatic environment, the thermal plume, and other potential or actualimpacts. Any impact to Federally protected species will also be addressed in the SEIS. Theongoing NJPDES permitting process will ultimately determine the compliance action taken byOCNGS to meet requirements of the Clean Water Act.Comment: The NRC's Draft EIS should document the adverse cumulative impacts that areoccurring to the bay's aquatic biota from thermal impacts (cold-water shock and heated water,as discussed below) and from entrapment or entrainment from passing through the circulationand dissipation pumps. Because the data discussed in the applicant's Environmental Report are dated, it is difficult to ascertain the present level of cumulative adverse impacts. In addition, the NRC must consider the cumulative effects on the bay's aquatic environment due to other actionssuch as mortality from recreational and commercial fishing. Without more relevant biological data on species use of the project area, the Service must conclude that cumulative impacts to the environment are more than minimal. Without meaningful biological data, the NRC's DraftEIS should also conclude that cumulative adverse impacts would continue to occur with the applicant's preferred alternative (license renewal), warranting substantial measures for compensatory mitigation. (OS-AJ-6)Response: The SEIS will include a discussion of the cumulative impacts of the cooli ng syst emat OCNGS.Comment: Earlier this afternoon, a man who is a former employee of the plant talked about1994 Versar report regarding Oyster Creek's water intake and discharge. I wanted to state forthe record that that report has been discredited and if you take a close look at both what theDEP has said in public, in addition to the draft water permit for the plant, they clearly state that the best available technology is a closed cycle cooling system that would again reduce theplant's intake and discharge by over 95 percent. (OS-Q-7)Comment: Now a few minutes ago, the representative from NJPIRG made a statement that theVersar report has been discredited. Well, I wish she had stayed around because I would verymuch like to know how the Versar report was discredited. Who discredited it and where did they discredit it? It was a scientific report. It can't be discredited by just by stating that it's discredited. So you can be assured that I will be sending her a letter to get that information and I'll share with as many of you as I possibly can when I get it. I think the reason she would like itto be discredited is not only because of the conclusion that I just read to you, but they came upwith some other significant conclusions regarding the impacts of Oyster Creek. (OS-T-3)Response: The comment refers to a report prepared by J.K. Summers et al. of Versar, Inc.entitled Technical Review and Evaluation of Thermal Effects Studies and Cooling Water IntakeStructure Demonstration of Impact for the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station datedMay 1989. The report was prepared by Versar for the NJDEP to summarize the findings and conclusions of Versar's review and evaluation of the OCNGS 316 (section 316 of the CleanWater Act) demonstration and to make recommendations that would assist NJDEP in making a section 316 decision for the OCNGS. As part of the environmental review for the OCGNS license renewal application, the NRC staff will consider the Versar report and its findings.Comment: When an agency is evaluating reasonable significant adverse effects on the humanenvironment in an EIS, and information is incomplete or unavailable, the agency shall determinethe reasonableness of including that information in an EIS (40 CFR Part 1502.22).The Service recommends that the NRC postpone the issuance of its Draft EIS (June 2006) untiladditional ongoing biological studies (which began recently) are completed and information is available to assess plant operational effects on fish and wildlife resources. The results of thesestudies are essential for assessing potential adverse environmental impacts to the aquatic environment. The overall cost of obtaining this information is not exorbitant, as defined in 40 CFR Part 1502.22 (a) and is necessary to fulf ill NEPA responsibilities to adequately assessindividual and cumulative impacts (see cumulative effects discussion below). Information from the biological studies will yield, at a minimum, biomass losses of finfish and crustaceans fromthe applicant's plant operation and projected adverse impacts to the aquatic environment if thelicense is renewed.The applicant's Environmental Report uses biological data derived from a 12-year period (1965to 1977), to describe aquatic biota found in the project area; however, the age of the data (28years) limits its value for assessing current and reasonably foreseeable future impacts. The applicant's assertion that the impacts of entrainment of fish and shellfish are "small" (page 4-9) cannot be supported adequately with data that are most likely outdated. In addition, theassertion that impacts are small appears to contradict later statements in the applicant'sEnvironmental Report that numerous unavoidable adverse impacts to the aquatic environment are occurring (page 6-5).The plant utilizes 1.25 billion gallons of water each day for cooling. Water from Bar negat Bayenters the Forked River, passes through several small, mesh screens and large circulating or dissipating pumps, is heated upwards of 24 degrees Fahrenheit as it passes through the heat dissipation chamber, and is then released into Oyster Creek, eventually flowing back into the bay. This cooling water entraps and entrains an unknown amount of aquatic biota, including egg, larvae, juvenile, and adult finfish and crustaceans. The NJDEP (2005) reported that the Forked River drainage area provides habitat for river herring. The same report indicated that the Upper Branch of the Forked River had a herring spawning run, which no longer exists due to the combined effects of pollution, habitat displacement, man-made water course blockages, and over-fishing. Although not mentioned in the NJDEP report, it appears that Oyster Creek, justsouth of the Forked River drainage area, may have also lost a herring spawning run after a dam was build on the creek in the 1960s for the purpose of storing water for fire fighting capability atthe nuclear plant. The proximity of the Forked River to the plant cooling intake structures makes it likely that any egg larvae or young-of-the-year herring originating from Forked River will passthrough the plant's cooling system and be killed before entering Barnegat Bay.Significant population changes have also occurred to several commercial and recreationallyimportant finfish and shellfish species found in Barnegat Bay since the conclusion of the 12-year biological sampling study in 1977. The population of the hard clam (Merceneria mercenaria
)[sic] and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) have dropped precipitously and thelocalized effects of the intake of over 1 billion gallons of water per day on these two species are unknown. In addition, the Atlantic Coast population of the striped bass (Marone saxit ilis) [sic] hasrisen sharply from the mid-1980s. Striped bass and other marine species are known to ut ilizethe intake and discharge areas of the project, but the extent of their use is unknown. Theeconomic value of recreational fishing in New Jersey is high (see discussion on public access and recreation below). The effect of the discharge of hot water is unknown on recreational sport fish and other aquatic species. In addition, there have been several confirmed large fish k illsdue to cold water shock from winter plant closings. The NRC Draft EIS should document thesefish kills and discuss the cumulative impacts of these kills in view of the data and availableinformation concerning the aquatic biota that is entrapped on the cooling water intake structuresor entrained in the heat dissipation chamber.Because of the concerns outlined above, the Service recommends expansion of the currentbiological sampling study to a minimum of 3 years. A 3-year study would allow the NRC to more adequately determine what effects, if any, the plant's operation is having on aquatic biota. Obtaining this information does not appear to be cost prohibitive. The Service also recommends review of the current sampling method by the NJDEP, NMFS, Service, and other interested parties to ensure that information gathered will be adequate for assessing impacts to aquaticbiota associated with plant operation. The Service also recommends collection of biological datafor the life of the license in order to demonstrate that adverse impacts remain minimal over time.
The license should contain conditions to require additional mitigation (see the discussion of mitigation below) should post-license data analysis confirm that additional or unforeseen adverse impacts are occurring. (OS-AJ-7)Response: The NRC staff recognizes that the amount and quality of data available for NEPAevaluations sometimes falls short of ideal, but believes that there is sufficient informationavailable to perform an assessment of the impacts of license renewal at OCNGS. The assessment presented in the SEIS will be based on the best available information, drawing from a variety of sources including data collected by AmerGen, NJDEP, other governmentalagencies, independent researchers, and others. If new and significant information becomes available in the future that demonstrates a significant impact to the aquatic environment as aresult of continued station operation, the staff expects the NJDEP to require modifications to the cooling system necessary to protect the resource through the NJPDES permitting process.Comment: The CEQ requires inclusion of means to mitigate adverse environmental impacts inthe EIS discussion of environmental consequences, if not covered in the description of theproposed action or alternatives (40 CFR Part 1502.16[h]). In addition, a mitigation plan (when necessary) is generally required prior to project authorization by the NJDEP. Therefore, the Service recommends that the NRC develop a mitigation plan for the proposed license renewal and discuss the plan in the Draft EIS. The mitigation plan should be developed in consultationwith the NMFS, Service, and NJDEP and identify proposed means to avoid, minimize, and compensate (in that order) all adverse environmental effects on fish and wildlife resources.Consistent with the Service's Mitigation Policy, all in-kind options should be exhausted beforeconsidering out-of-kind mitigation. For example, the Service is aware that the NJDEP isconsidering restoration of several large wetland areas as potential mitigation. Although the Service encourages wetland restoration in most cases, this should only be employed as out-of-kind mitigation after the applicant has exhausted other direct compensatory options foradverse impacts to aquatic organisms (i.e., the removal of fish blockages for river herring or the development of long-term hard clam or other finfish or shellfish restoration projects).During the October 11-13 interagency scoping meeting, the Service learned that a dam andpond were constructed just below the headwaters of Oyster Creek to store water for fire fighting capability at the plant. From a review of pre-1969 construction aerial photographs of the pond, itappears that Oyster Creek was a functioning waterway capable of supporting fish passage and possibly spawning habitat. Oyster Creek has the potential to offset expected adverse impacts from the proposed license renewal via the construction of a fish ladder. The Service can assist the NRC in identifying other potential fish ladder projects as potential mitigation for the preferredalternative. (OS-AJ-9)Response: In Chapter 4 of the SEIS, the NRC staff will present an evaluation of the impacts oflicense renewal at OCNGS. If it is determined that the impacts of license renewal are not small(as defined in the footnotes to Table B-1 of 10 CFR Part 51, Subpart A, Appendix B), the NRCstaff will recommend mitigation to reduce the severity of those impacts. The installation of a fishladder on the small onsite reservoir located on Oyster Creek was discussed with the licensee and will be addressed in the SEIS.5. Comments Concerning Terrestrial Resource IssuesComment: We are a staunch protector of the South Jersey wildlife and natural resources. Wesupport the New Jersey Audubon Society. We've donated a significant amount of money to theorganization in recognition for the society's efforts to help rescue and clean waterfowl impacted by the recent oil spills in the Delaware River. (OS-G-12, OS-G-26)Comment: We also do bird surveys, and we do mammal surveys out at Oyster Creek. Thatinformation is given to the DEP, and it's compiled, and we work with the DEP if we need to. Wealso sponsor bluebird trails. Bluebirds are no longer threatened, but they were at one time, so 10 years ago we put up a bluebird trail and we monitor that to make sure that we were able to bring that population back, which we did, not singlehandedly but we had Ocean County put upbluebird trails. We have wood duck trails, and we have a peregrine falcon tower at the plant.
(OS-O-4)Response: The comments are, in general, supportive of the licensee's current programs toprotect terrestrial resources. No specific response is provided. The impacts of license renewalon terrestrial resources will be discussed in Chapter 4 of the SEIS.Comment: I remember when I first moved into my home in Sunrise Beach in Lacey Township, Itook my brine tank from my saltwater conditioner and I threw it out on my driveway and some went on my grass. Well, I didn't realize that the salt would kill my grass. Well, the next morning,I woke up my whole lawn was dead. So I suggest don't ever put salt on any plant life. (OS-Z-5)Response: The comments are noted. The effects of salt drift from a cooling tower will bediscussed in the alternatives section (Chapter 8) of the SEIS.Comment: The Service also recommends that the Draft EIS reflect that the Conectiv 230-kVtransmission line is active. The applicant's Environmental Report on page 3-6 states that theline has not been constructed. (OS-AJ-4)Response: The SEIS will provide a description of the current status of the Conectivtransmission line.Comment: The applicant does not propose any new construction activities with the licenserenewal. However, during the inter-agency meetings noted above, the Service learned that asubstantial amount of previously contaminated dredged material, stored in a confined disposal facility (CDF) just east of the plant on the Finninger's Farm property, may require remediationand/or removal to an approved upland facility. A site visit revealed that the farm consists ofseveral abandoned fields; an early successional forest, including some maritime forest species; and pockets of both tidal and non-tidal wetlands. These types of vegetative cover provide valuable habitats for upland wildlife species. New construction activities (e.g., clearing andgrubbing of upland vegetation, upgrading roads, or the construction of an offloading barge facility in Oyster Creek) would be expected if the CDF requires remediation or removal andwould impact terrestrial species that utilize the farm. Therefore, the Service recomm endsclarifying any activities proposed on the Finninger's Farm in the Draft EIS, including construction methods for any remediation of the CDF. (OS-AJ-8)Response: The need for remediation of the dredge spoils pile on the Finninger Farm portion ofthe OCNGS site has not been determined. Should it be determined that remediation isnecessary or desired, that action would be subject to a separate environmental review, and is not a part of the license renewal process. The current status of the spoils pile will be discussedin the SEIS.Comment: The Service also recommends that, in association with implementing bestmanagement practices (BMPs), the NRC include provisions to control the spread of invasivespecies, such as Phragmites australis in the transmission line right-of-ways and the CDF on theFinninger's Farm.A draft Management Plan by the Chesapeake Bay Program's Phragmites australis WorkingGroup (2003) includes recommendations to curb the spread of Phragmites through federal andstate permit conditions, in order to help achieve a long-term goal of no net gain in Phragmitesacreage. The Service has subsequently recommended initiation of a similar planning effort to control Phragmites in the Hackensack Meadowlands in Bergen and Hudson Counties, pursuantto Executive Order 13112 and under the auspices of the National Invasive Species Council. The Service recommends a similar program in the project area, including the two power line right-of-ways maintained by Conectiv and FirstEnergy and the CDF, with participation of the NRC. In the interim, the Service recommends that any federal authorization resulting in wetlanddisturbance (e.g., power line right-of-way maintenance, dredging, or excavation of the CDF) include conditions requiring: (1) BMPs to prevent the introduction or spread of invasive species,such as avoiding creation of elevated berms and the spread or burial of Phragmites rhizomes;(2) 2 to 5 years of post-construction monitoring to detect the introduction or spread of invasive species, and (3) control efforts, if Phragmites or another invasive species are detected (toinclude re-grading or hydrologic corrections for any construction-related disturbances that promote the spread of Phragmites, if other control methods [i.e., herbicides] prove insufficient inthe long-term). (OS-AJ-11)Response: At this time, there are no planned activities associated with license renewal thatwould result in the disturbance of wetlands on the OCNGS site or within either of thetransmission line corridors associated with OCNGS. The assessment presented in the SEIS willinclude an evaluation of the vegetation management protocols on the site and within associatedtransmission corridors. This assessment will address the effects of existing protocols on thespread of invasive species and w ill suggest mitigation if impacts are determined not to be small. 6. Threatened and Endangered Species IssuesComment: Our employees are trained to do their jobs with environmental protection in mind. One practice that we are particularly proud of is our commitment to protect sea turtles thatbecome caught in our intakes. We have specific procedures in place for the safe return of all sea turtles to their natural environment. Our operators are trained to identify, to remove, and, if need be, resuscitate those turtles. When a sea turtle is found, our operators contact the Brigantine Marine Mammal Stranding Center, which recovers the sea turtle, gives it a checkup, rehabilitates it if necessary, and releases it back to the sea. We also partner with DrexelUniversity to track the number of sea turtles that are rescued from our intake canal. Oyster Creek has modified its intake structures to significantly reduce the impact on aquatic life. Fish and crabs caught in our intake screens are gently returned to the discharge canal, and we pump cool water from the intake canal to the discharge canal, diluting the warmer water coming out of the plant. (OS-G-10, OS-G-24)Comment: We have a program that trains our operators to rescue sea turtles, and I think youheard about that earlier. When we're unsuccessful, it's generally because that sea turtle got tous injured. Boat propeller is the most frequent injury that we see. And, obviously, when it getsto us cut open from the boat propeller, it's hard to resuscitate them. (OS-J-4)Comment: If there's a problem with an endangered species, for example, or a threatenedspecies, such as an osprey or -- we get seals, we get all kinds of terrapins -- we stop work andtake care of that animal, whether it's calling other regulatory agencies, if it's calling the DEP tocome in and help us, that's what we do. (OS-O-6)Response: The comments are noted. They are, in general, supportive of the licensee'sactivities related to threatened and endangered species. No specific response is provided. Theimpacts of license renewal on threatened and endangered species will be presented in C hapter 4 of the SEIS.Comment: When Oyster Creek was found to be non-compliant with the turtle kills for theirintake, speaking of environmental issues, they petitioned to have it increased -- the amount thatthey could kill increased. This is not responsible to the community. This is not responsible tothe environment. (OS-D-5)Comment: Plant records indicate 32 impingement and 14 mortalities of endangered sea turtlessince 1992. These data include the following species specific incidents:*21 impinged Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles with 9 mortalities.
- 7 impinged Loggerhead Sea Turtles with 2 mortalities.
- 4 impinged Green Sea Turtles with 1 mortality.OCNGS exceeded their annual incidental take in 2004 when 8 juvenile Kemp's Ridley SeaTurtles were impinged and 3 were killed in the 3 month period from July 4 to September 23. AnIncidental Take Assessment by the National Marine Fisheries authorized an annual limit of 4 Kemp's Ridley's (with no more than 3 mortalities), 5 Loggerheads (with no more than 2 mortalities) and 2 Green's (no more than 1 mortality). (OS-AH-3) Comment: AmerGen has submitted an application to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC) to continue operation of its Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station for an additional 20years (the applicant's preferred alternative). The nuclear plant has been in operation since 1969, and its license is due to expire on April 9, 2009. On October 11 through 13, 2005, the Service attended several interagency scoping meetings with the applicant, the NRC, andrepresentatives from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) to discuss the project, current adverse impacts to fish and wildlife resources, and potential plantmodifications and other mitigative measures that could offset these impacts. Currently, the power plant withdraws approximately 1.25 billion gallons of water per day from Barnegat Bay toaid in cooling the nuclear reactor. The intake of cooling water entrains and entraps an unknown quantity of aquatic biota from Barnegat Bay. Prior to the scoping meetings, the Serviceconcluded with AmerGen on January 25, 2005 that the continued operation of the plant until2029 would not adversely affect federally listed threatened and endangered species under Service jurisdiction.As discussed in the Service's January 25, 2005 letter to AmerGen, except for an occasionaltransient bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), no other federally listed or proposed threatenedor endangered species under the Service jurisdiction are known to occur within the project area.
Therefore, the Service concluded that the proposed project would not adversely affect federallylisted species under Service jurisdiction.Due to the recent nesting successes of bald eagles in New Jersey, a possibility exists that a pairof eagles could nest on or adjacent to the project area in New Jersey during the NRC'sregulatory review or during the life of the renewed license (if approved). The NRC and AmerGenwere notified at the above scoping meetings of the possibility of future eagle nesting. Shouldnesting occur in the project area during the NRC re-licensing process or during the life of any renewed license, additional consultation pursuant to Section 7 of the ESA would be necessary.
We recommend that the NRC obtain a status update of the bald eagle prior to its approval of anylicense renewal.The Service also recommended (not required) in its January 25 letter, that AmerGen retain aqualified botanist to conduct a survey to determine the presence of any rare plants, including the federally listed Knieskern's beaked-rush (Rhynchospora knieskernii) and swamp pink (Heloniasbullata), and the federal candidate bog asphodel (Narthecium americanum) in the project area.These species have been documented within 1.5, 2.8, and 1.3 miles (respectively) of the projectarea. Since re-licensing is not expected to impact project area wetlands, the Service recommended, rather than required, a botanical survey. To date, the Service is unaware of anybotanical survey conducted in the project area. Surveys for the above species would be necessary if any project alternatives or mitigative measures were to involve project area wetlands that might support these species.No further consultation pursuant to Section 7(a) (2) of the ESA is required with the Service atthis time. If project plans change (e.g., to involve project area wetlands) or if new information is obtained that indicates the occurrence of a federally listed species at the proposed projectsite(s), this determination may be reconsidered. The Service provides the above determinationwith respect to federally listed or proposed threatened or endangered flora and fauna under the Service jurisdiction only. The proposed project is located on Barnegat Bay and may affect federally listed marine turtles. Principal responsibility for threatened and endangered marinespecies is vested with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). We understand that the NRC has begun formal Section 7 consultation with the NMFS. This consultation should becompleted prior to the NRC's issuance of the Draft EIS. (OS-AJ-1)Response: The comments are noted. The comments relate to the impacts of OCNGSoperations on threatened and endangered species and will be considered in the preparation of the SEIS.Comment: The Service recommends that the NRC and the applicant continue working with theNJDEP to protect State-listed species and to obtain any other recommendations to modify plantoperations to protect resources of State concern. Any mitigation plans should be developed prior to completing the Draft EIS. In addition, any botanical surveys conducted in the project area should include State-listed species. (OS-AJ-2)Response: The comment is noted. The comment relates to the impacts of OCNGS operationson State-listed threatened and endangered species. The occurrence of State-listed species onthe OCNGS site and associated transmission lines will be presented in Chapter 2 of the SEIS.7. Comments Concerning Air Quality IssuesComment: They love to say that they don't produce fossil fuels, yet the material that they use,the fuel has to be mined. There's a tremendous amount of fossil fuels that are used in theproduction to get a plant running and to keep it running. (OS-D-6)Comment: And stop -- it is disingenuous for nuclear people to keep comparing the CO 2 thatcomes from coal, as if that was the option we're all headed for. And in terms of the CO 2 , theyare saying that now nuclear is so -- you know, that it's going to make our air in New Jersey better, and I said this at another meeting -- there are three of the worst coal producers --
coal-fed plants in the Midwest that have no safety equipment on them whatsoever in terms ofgetting the CO 2 out of their refuse there, that go to serve the uranium processing people. Sothat -- and that CO 2 comes from Ohio and K entucky, and wherever those plants are, right intoNew Jersey. So we don't need to keep saying that nuclear energy does not produce CO 2 ,because that's disingenuous. (OS-P-2)Comment: Oyster Creek provides a tremendous environmental benefit to the community. Oyster Creek represents 20 percent of JCP&L's electricity needs. Not only do we produce ninepercent of New Jersey's electricity, but we also do this with virtually no greenhouse emissions.
Each year we operate Oyster Creek avoids some 7-1/2 million metric tons of carbon dioxide thatwould have been produced in coastal New Jersey by replacement of a coal plant. That replacement plant would produce carbon emissions equivalent to two million cars, nearly half ofall the cars in New Jersey now. The clean air benefits of nuclear power production are of critical importance to New Jersey, the United States, and the world as we look for solutions to the greenhouse gas impacts. (OS-G-6, OS-G-20)Comment: Oyster Creek, as a nuclear facility, is capable of producing power for over 6000homes in New Jersey, day or night, wind or no wind, while it produces zero carbon emissions. In fact, we avoid the generation of carbon emissions equivalent to half the cars driven in NewJersey on a given day. (OS-J-2)Comment: I am for it because of the simple reason that carbon emissions present more of athreat to human life on this planet right now, because of the fact of the amount that we're puttingin. The United States puts 2.5 billion tons of carbon just from electric power generation throughcoal-fired plants. So if you really want to point a finger at what's causing environmental impacts, it's pointed to the coal industry, not to the nuclear regulatory area. (OS-B-6)Comment: And when you look at, when it comes to diversifying in our fuel mix, becauseobviously we have to worry about the quality of air in New Jersey, we have predominant windsthat blow from the west to the east. We have a lot of coal plants out there. Unfortunately, NewJersey's quality of air is pretty poor which contributes to childhood diseases such as asthma. So my point being is we have five million cars too, also in the State of New Jersey. So how do we offset that? Well, Oyster Creek doesn't put off an effluent which really contributes positively toour environment. (OS-Z-2)Response: Nuclear power contributes substantially fewer CO 2 emissions to the atmospherethan do fossil-fuel-based energy production methods. CO 2 emissions from various sources ofenergy will be discussed in the alternatives section (Chapter 8) of the SEIS.Comment: So as far as building a cooling tower, when you think about a cooling tower atOyster Creek, personally, I don't think it's a viable issue. Environmentally, we don't even knowthe negative effect that a cooling tower could bring to Lacey Township, between all the salinity that pumps out of the stack. (OS-Z-4)Comment: A cooling tower is a whole different issue around economic investment and whetheror not it's the right thing to do. I know as a resident, I don't want a cooling tower. I'm going tohave salt spray all over my car and my house, and so on. That's enough for me or my neighbors. (OS-J-7)Response: The staff will discuss the impacts associated with closed-cycle cooling, includingcooling-tower drift, in the alternatives section (Chapter 8) of the SEIS.8. Comments Concerning Land Use Issues Comment: Federal law requires that licensees operating near the coast must adhere to Stateenvironmental rules. Oyster Creek does not, so, therefore, the plant should be shut down. (OS-I-5)Response: The NRC staff is unaware of any continuing noncompliance with State or localenvironmental regulations. The SEIS w ill address recent past compliance with Staterequirements.Comment: We've also donated land from our Finninger Farm property across the street fromthe power plant to Lacey Township for preservation. (OS-O-2) Response: The comment is noted. The comment does not relate to an impact to theenvironment and, therefore, will not be evaluated in the SEIS.Comment: Recreational fishing is a $35 billion industry for the nation, with approximately900,000 New Jersey recreational anglers expending nearly $700 million annually for fishingtackle and other related purchases (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau, 2002). A key component to these economic benefits is unimpeded public access. A federal excise tax is collected from manufacturers of fishing equipment, as well as a portion of the federal fuel tax that is attributed to motorboat usage. Revenue is passed on to participating states. Since 1950, the Service's Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program has provided funds to state fish and wildlife agencies. The funding is used to restore, conserve, manage, andenhance fish species that are sought by recreational anglers, fund educational programs to enhance the public's understanding of aquatic resources and recreational fishing, and to promote the development of responsible attitudes and ethics toward the aquatic environment.Currently, recreational anglers fish in areas downstream of the hot water effluent in OysterCreek. However, the public access points in this area are limited to the State Route 9 Bridge and several small shoreline areas. The Service recommends that the NRC work closely with theapplicant, the NJDEP, and interested recreational fishing organizations to develop a comprehensive public access plan that would better address the recreational needs in the project area. A recreational use and access plan would be consistent with public access policies and regulations (Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 1280; 16 U.S.C. 1451-1464).
The Service is available to assist in the development of a public access plan. (OS-AJ-10)Response: Although the staff agrees with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that developmentof a recreational use and access plan would likely benefit anglers and address recreationalneeds in the area, the requirement to develop such a plan is outside the scope of the NEPA-mandated environmental review for license renewal. The comment will not be evaluated further.9. Comments Concerning Human Health IssuesComment: We are asked to renew the license for AmerGen, so that they can continue becausethey're a business. And I understand they wanted to continue, because they're a business, butwe're a community, and we have an obligation to the community. I'm a health care provider in this community, and my obligation is to the children of this community. And this is the reason why I'm here. This is the reason why I spend my days off to come here, because if I'm working in a hospital, if I can save one person's life in a year, to me that's an incredible accomplishment.
Shutting this plant down has the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives in this community for generations and generations to come. This child here was not born at the time the Chernobyl accident happened. This child was born years later, and this is the legacy of nuclear power. This is what happens. This plant, on a daily basis, when everything is working fine, is releasing radiation into the environment. It's releasing it in particulate form. It's contamination that stays in the environment, and it's not like going and getting an X-ray at thedoctor's office where you get zapped one time and then it's gone. This stuff goes into your body, it's built into your bones in the form of strontium-90, it goes in your muscle -- and cesium-137.
And the science has proven to show this. There's a condition called Chernobyl heart, which develops in children having so much cesium in their heart muscle that they actually develop birth defects. (OS-D-8) Comment: And I certainly do not want my grandchildren or great-grandchildren to look anythinglike the picture that the gentleman showed earlier. (OS-K-6)Comment: I hope this takes a full environmental review. I am sorry I missed your presentationand look forward to hearing more than that. But this needs to be broader than just whether fishdie, which is something we clearly are concerned about. It needs to look at the environmental health of people who are affected in the communities as well. (OS-R-7)Comment: So in addition to daily radioactive emissions, whether or not you consider the ToothFairy Study as part of it, I just want to make sure you're really taking a close look at dailyemissions. And in addition to that, that's why we're talking about waste issues and security issues, it's because those fall under the general scope of radiation protection. (OS-Q-13)Comment: The Chemistry Department samples, analyzes and trends parameters for many ofthe plant systems. However, as I see it, there are three main reasons that we take thethousands of samples that we do. The first is to protect the public. Almost 80 percent of OysterCreek's employees live and raise their families in Ocean County. So for us, the public hasnames and faces. The public is our families, our friends and our neighbors. There's nothingthat we take more seriously than our obligation to protect those that we care about. (OS-AC-1)Comment: Now there's about a 100 or 105 of these plants around the country. None of themhave been built since 1977 or so and they were all built in about a 10-year window there. Solet's just say the average one is 30 years of age and there's about a 100 of them. That's 3,000operating years of nuclear power stations. And yet, all over the country there's not a singleproven cluster of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, or anything else.At that point in time, people should begin to look at this and say this is safe and clean. Yourfears should be put aside. And also, I have to say that the NRC it's not the same as talking tothe IRS or the Department of Justice. The stakes are pretty high here. What is it that they'regoing to be paid off with for being corrupt? And it just doesn't make any sense. They have to breathe the same air we do. At a certain point in time this ought to be satisfied. I feel people that are alarmed by this, that seem to worry about it day in and day out. And I abhor a lot of politicians who further these fears because it looks like they're fighting for their constituents. I'm standing up for this thing. I have no training in nuclear science, engineering. And I rely upon certain people that do have the training, as we all do throughout our lives. You go to a physician. He tells you that you need this pill or that pill. You're relying upon his training. I haveexpertise in certain areas and I expect people when they hire me to rely upon me in areas that I have expertise in. So of course, we have to rely upon these people, and I don't believe that they have performed in any way that would bring any doubt upon their character or their ability and Ihope that you people will, in fact, find some solace in this and satisfaction that there just isn'tanything to base this on. (OS-Y-2)Response: The comments are noted. The assessment of human health impacts in the SEISwill determine if the facility is currently limiting and will continue to limit radiological releases towithin Federal limits, which are considered protective of the public. Absent new and significant information that would lead the NRC staff to conclude that future operation would result inroutine radiological releases in excess of the Federal limits, the staff will not evaluate the effectsof low-level ionizing radiation on members of the public. The staff concluded generically in the GEIS that
?the significance of radiation exposures to the public attributed to the operation afterlicense renewal would be small." The comments provide no new and significant information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: In 1976, I was teaching school with another teacher and the area around the planthad to go for tests within a mile and a half. They were being treated with leukemia and this wasaffecting people. In Vanderbilt and I questioned about it, you know, and everything, the teacher said that the plant was built in 1967 and at the time there was no regulatory data supportingwhen the plant was built or any type of data regarding requirements, etcetera.When I started doing the research on it at the time, the plant was supposed to come up forrenewal and it kept on coming up for renewal and I couldn't believe this and what happens is there's a loophole in the clause that grandfathers any previous data does not have to complywith the present data of what has to go into the plant. And when I heard this, you know, and everything, it was really questionable. So I started doing some research about it. And Vanderbilt University, the edu, says the RPHP [Radiation and Public Health Project] research associates from Vanderbilt did a study on it and they said that they had the four nuclear plants inNew Jersey listed and it said they've had considerable radioactivity to the local environment, raising the question of whether local residents have been harmed. And then it goes on with the study. And it says about the research group has investigated this issue as documented facts that suggest such harm is occurring. A number of these findings have been published in peer-reviewed medical journals. Radioactive emissions, the Oyster Creek reactor beganoperations on May 3, 1969 making it the oldest of the 103 U.S. reactors still in operation. Nowthis is -- I got this off the web in 2001. So you know. The Salem and Hope Creek reactors -- it goes on and on. And it says "Oyster Creek emitted 77.0 curies of airborne radioactivity in the period from 1970 to 1993, the largest amount of any in U.S. reactors."And it keeps on going. And it talks about the similarity of the average concentration ofradioactive strontium-90 in 222 New Jersey baby teeth is relatively constant after 1980 and then it keeps on going down and it says "Ocean and Monmouth County children, under age 5, is 32.4 percent greater than the U.S. rate and 30.6 percent greater than any other New Jersey counties. Ocean and Monmouth lie directly downwind of the Oyster Creek reactor."And then it keeps on going down and it says "Cancer mortality in Ocean and Monmouth Countychildren under age 10 was 43.9 percent since the early 1980s, compared to the decline, 35.3 percent and 23.4 percent in the nation and the rest of New Jersey."And then it keeps on going down about the different kinds of cancers, leukemia, Hodgkinsdisease and non-Hodgkins lymphoma and multiple myeloma.And the report keeps on going on and I'm sure if you want to contact the university or whatever,Vanderbilt will still have the report on file and this by the Ph.D. Jay M. Gould, Ph.D., Director;Ernest J. Sternglass, Ph.D., two scientists; Jerry Brown, Ph.D.; Joseph Mangano, MPH, MBA; William McDonnel, MA; Marsha Marks and so on. (OS-AF-1)Response: The NRC staff acknowledges that past radiological emissions from OCNGS,particularly in the 1970s, were significantly higher than current levels. The staff's analysis isfocused on impacts occurring during the license renewal period. The staff concluded generically in the GEIS that
?the signifcance of radiation exposure to the public attributable to the operationafter license renewal would be small." Absent new and significant information that would lead the staff to conclude that future operations during the license renewal period would result in routine radiological releases in excess of Federal limits, the staff will not evaluate the effects ofpast releases of low-level ionizing radiation on the public. The comment provides no new and significant information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: My question is I understand in our previous conversation that you will be relying onexisting studies. Will the Tooth Fairy be part of that review or is any kind of radiation exposurecurrently part of the environmental review for the plant? (unidentified speaker)Response: In 2000, a report entitled Strontium-90 in Deciduous Teeth as a Factor in EarlyChildhood Cancer was published by the Radiation and Public Health Project. The report allegesthat there has been an increase in cancer incidence due to strontium-90 released from nuclear power facilities. Elevated levels of strontium-90 in deciduous (baby) teeth were claimed in thereport as evidence for the increase in childhood cancer. This study has been largely discredited by the scientific community for a number of reasons including lack of controls, small sample sizes, and the lack of environmental sampling and analysis (see http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/tooth-fairy.html). The assessment of human health impacts in the SEIS will determine if the facility is currently limiting and will continue to limit radiologicalreleases to within Federal limits, which are considered protective of the public. The comment provides no new and significant information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.10. Comments Concerning Socioeconomic IssuesComment: In addition, Oyster Creek employees are community-minded and generous. OysterCreek has the largest employee-run United Way campaign in Ocean County. This past year ouremployees raised more than $180,000 for the United Way. Our employees are involved in the American Red Cross, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, and the American Cancer Society. They are Little League coaches, Girl and Boy Scout leaders, volunteer EMTs and firefighters, and PTA members. We support a variety of family and youth organizations and activities in local communities, and have donated to -- land to the community for recreational use. (OS-G-5, OS-G-19)Comment: Our employees are also involved in many environmental activities in the area,including the World Series of Birding, aiding the Cape May Observatory, and Ocean Nature andConservation Society, and also the Barnegat Bay Estuary. (OS-G-13, OS-G-27)Comment: Oyster Creek has donated thousands of dollars to the New Jersey Audubon. (OS-O-1)Comment: Oyster Creek also supports me and two other members to be on the World Seriesof Birding every year, which is quite expensive. It's $2000 just to sponsor us to go out and bird,and find all the endangered and threatened species around Ocean County and the State of NewJersey. (OS-O-3) Response: The comments are noted. The comments relate to socioeconomic issues and, ingeneral, are supportive of license renewal for OCNGS. The comments provide no new andsignificant information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: Additionally, there are several environmental aspects of this plant, as Suzanne Letawent in, about the cooling towers. We also support only the option of installing cooling towers atthis plant, and oppose the mitigation factor of wetlands restoration. Tourism is the third largest industry in the State of New Jersey, and Barnegat Bay heavily contributes to that. We need to be looking at what those factors are in determining what the harm is on Barnegat Bay by thisplant, and how that's negatively impacting not just the environment but also the economy of theState of New Jersey in terms of the degradation that this plant causes to that important estuary. (OS-R-3)Response: The commenter expressed concern that continued operation of OCNGS during thelicense renewal period may adversely affect Barnegat Bay, which supports a large recreationaltourism industry in the State. The State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protectionhas the responsibility of implementing the provisions of the Clean Water Act with respect toOCNGS continued operation. The staff is confident that the NJPDES permit issued by the Statewill adequately protect Barnegat Bay. The comment provides no new and significant informationand, therefore, will not be evaluated futher.Comment: More than 450 families, not including our security personnel, depend on our plantfor their livelihood. Of these 450 employees, approximately 250 are members of theInternational Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 1289. These are good, high-paying jobs with excellent benefits. Our employees are highly skilled and dedicated, and I'm proud to workwith them. When I first came to Oyster Creek, a local resident told me, "Run Oyster Creek safely. Do a good job, and, most importantly, keep that plant open, because a lot of myneighbors work there." (OS-G-2, OS-G-16)Comment: Oyster Creek strengthens our community in so many ways. We are a significantemployer and a public -- and a positive economic force in the local area. The operation ofOyster Creek adds $52 million to Ocean County. We spend $7.7 million on goods in OceanCounty and pay $9.2 million in sales and local taxes every year. We contribute $234 million toOcean County's domestic product annually, if we value the electrical production that's considered. And we have led the way to $33 million in increased output in Ocean County and$46-1/2 million more in economic output in New Jersey itself every year. (OS-G-4, OS-G-18)Response: In general, the comments support license renewal at OCNGS. The commentsprovide no new information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further
.Comment: However, the other thing you have to take into consideration is you're also going tobe probably getting rid of $52 million worth of revenue for Ocean County and it may even costmore. Because if you're hooked up, those houses that are receiving that energy from OysterCreek, if they get hooked on to the power grid, then they're going to be paying more money for that energy, even if they seem to think it's more environmentally sound. But that's not -- thatmight be a Tooth Fairy issue, actually. Not only will we be paying more for that energy, youprobably -- it might actually depress the economy a little bit because then there's all these otherservice industries that are connected to all that. It's something to keep in mind. (OS-X-2) Response: The socioeconomic impacts associated with license renewal will be considered inthe preparation of the SEIS.11. Comments Concerning Alternate Energy SourcesComment: And I have a question for AmerGen. In 10 years, let's say this plant did becomeunsafe to operate, I'm sure that they would start taking steps into shutting it down. Now myquestion to AmerGen would be and you've seen the advertisements on the TV, this new power plant company that's floating around, I believe they're out of Canada, and they're advocatingnew nuclear power plants. Would AmerGen consider building another plant on that site? I forone would be in favor of it. And I believe that is the future. Coal, fossil fuels, they're not going to last us. Look at what happened with Katrina. The pipelines shut down for a couple of days.
Gas went up from $1.90 a gallon to $3 and something a gallon. We can't live with that forever.
But nuclear power plants is -- maybe not the total solution, but it's the answer today untilsomething else comes along. (OS-U-4)Response: Chapter 8 (alternatives) in the SEIS will discuss the relative impacts of alternativesto license renewal including the impacts of replacing the existing OCNGS with a new nuclearfacility.Comment: When you look at other alternative energies, in the case of wind, solar, andconservation, they can easily make up for it. A gentleman before asked about why Germanyhad switched. Germany has switched because of safety concerns and because Europe is finding that alternative energies are actually filling the gap. The technology has come of age,and it is working. (OS-D-7)Comment: Now, we get to this person that was talking about the reactor. It's clean, it's safe,but no carbon. But you've got three percent energy and 90 percent waste, nuclear waste, whichis worse. What they should be doing is cutting down on some of the -- you know, some of the energy we use. (OS-E-5)Comment: We also took a look at part of our review and alternatives if Oyster Creek would nothave its license renewed and another source of electric generation would have to be installedeither here onsite or someplace else to generate 600 megawatts of electricity, and concluded that any other means of generating 600 megawatts would have more of an impact on the environment than continued operation of Oyster Creek. I think one thing we need to keep in mind, though, here is that whatever we do, whether it's generating electricity, driving a car,building a new home, building a new industry, a new plant someplace for people to work, it all has impacts on the environment. And our charge in this is to make sure that we are assessing that and minimizing the impact on the environment to take all of that into consideration. We didthat in our review, and we concluded that the impact on the environment of continuing to operateOyster Creek is the best alternative for continued generation of 600 megawatts. (OS-H-4, OS-H-9)Comment: That nuclear power -- any nuclear power is outdated technology. It's finished. Windand solar are the new modern technologies. They are clean, they are safe, they are not going tohurt us, even if something goes wrong. The plant has lived out its 40-year life span. Now is the time to let it die. (OS-S-2) Comment: Then in the future there are definitely ways that we can replace the plant with cleanand safe and non-air pollution emitting energy generation. The primary source of that is energyconservation and efficiency. I want to give one primary example and that example is an Appliance Efficiency Standards Act that was actually passed this summer and that act actuallyputs eight energy efficient appliances into the market in New Jersey and it actually saves about 300 megawatts of electricity by 2010 across the state. That's about half of what Oyster Creek provides and that's eight appliances only. So I want to make sure that when we're talking about
-- I know that in this environmental review, part of the review is to take a look at what happens if this plant is not, if the license is not extended and I want to make sure that part of that scope isto look at other clean and renewable alternatives to Oyster Creek because I think that is a critical part that may be missing, unfortunately. (OS-Q-10)Comment: So I'm just saying to everybody, there are alternatives coming up. At the presenttime, dark matter is being researched, dark energy. It still has not been containable though yet. So I'm saying to everybody there is future yes. (OS-AF-2)Response: The comments are noted. The comments relate to alternative energy developmentand conservation. Alternatives will be considered in Chapter 8 (alternatives) of the SEIS; theyinclude conservation (demand-side management) and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy.12. Comments Concerning Postulated AccidentsComment: And what we're talking about here is if there is a problem with that plant, and we geta very significant release of radiation, and the consequences of that radiation are Chernobylchildren. These are the children of Chernobyl. These are not statistics. These are people's children. If an accident happens at Oyster Creek, these are going to be the children of our community. These are going to be the children of our community for generations to come.I also have another picture here. This is the Davis-Besse reactor that was being inspectedregularly by the NRC and by the licensee in Ohio. As anybody can see looking at this picture,severe corrosion is occurring on this. However, they didn't seem to think this was a problem and allowed the plant to continue to operate. This is a plant is now old at Oyster Creek. So I thinkyou can understand why the community here has quite a few reservations about the inspection that's going on right now at Oyster Creek. With that said, I'd like to go back to the originalquestion that I asked at the first meeting. And considering how much -- the length of time it'sbeen since then, and nobody has gotten back to me about this question, I would hope that youwould have the information to answer this question now, because this is not a question that has come to you out of the blue. This is a question that was asked before, and I was told that Iwould be given an answer.The question I have is that on March 1st, after restoring the main transformer and restoring themain generator to service at Oyster Creek, a power ascension was in progress when an error resulted in the loss of multiple reactor recirculation pumps, which led an operator to manually scram the reactor. I'd like to add that this was not done very well. It was not controlled well.
The water level was not controlled well, and as you go on later in this report that was the conclusion of the NRC inspector. It was also noted that the plant had been overpressurized. And one of the specific questions that I was asking was how many times -- from documentationthat I've read, it was overpressurized 10 times, the actual reactor vessel. I was asking how many times it had actually been overpressurized, so I was hoping somebody had an answer to that question for me. (OS-D-1)Response: The environmental review does consider postulated plant accidents that mightoccur at OCNGS during the license renewal term. As a result, the impacts of accidents areconsidered within the scope of the environmental review for license renewal and will beaddressed in the SEIS. With respect to a Chernobyl-type accident at a U.S. nuclear power plant, U.S. reactors havedifferent plant designs, larger shutdown margins, robust containment structures, and operational controls to protect them against the combination of errors that led to the accident at Chernobyl. Although the NRC has always acknowledged the possibility of major accidents, its regulatoryrequirements provide adequate protection, subject to continuing vigilance, including review ofnew information that may suggest weaknesses. Assessments in light of Chernobyl have indicated that the causes of the accident have been adequately dealt with in the design of U.S.commercial reactors. A Chernobyl-like accident is outside the scope of license renewal for U.S.
commercial reactors and will not be evaluated in the SEIS.The reactor vessel head corrosion event at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Plant is an operationalissue and is also outside the scope of license renewal. The event has had, and continues to have, a significant effect on both the NRC and reactor licensees. The corrosion was discoveredby the licensee during an NRC-required inspection resulting from safety concerns related to reactor vessel head nozzle circumferential cracking. Since the discovery of the reactor vessel head corrosion event at Davis-Besse, the NRC has significantly increased the oversight oflicensee reactor vessel head activities and other activities that may affect the condition of the reactor vessel head. Almost immediately after the discovery, the NRC strengthened reactorvessel head inspections with the imposition of inspection requirements by order. The immediate initiatives by the NRC staff provide assurance that any further corrosion events will be identifiedearly and corrected. The NRC also formed a Lessons Learned Task Force (LLTF) to carefullyreview the Davis-Besse incident and make recommendations for improvement. The LLTF has made recommendations for improvements in reactor vessel inspection requirements, inspection program management and inspector qualification, handling of operating experience information, and research activities relating to leakage detection methodologies. The NRC is confi dent thatthe implementation of the LLTF recommendations will preclude any future recurrence of reactorvessel head corrosion similar to that at Davis-Besse.Reactor overpressurization events are also outside the scope of the environmental review forlicense renewal. The event referred to at OCNGS actually involved an excessive reactor cool-down that occurred following an automatic reactor scram due to a low water level condition on November 15, 2000. During scram recovery, the reactor experienced an initial cool-down rate of 111 degrees (Fahrenheit) per hour, which exceeded the technical specification (TS) limit of 100 degrees per hour. The TS bases consider 10 cool-downs exceeding 300 degrees per hour to be acceptable during the lifetime of the facility to ensure calculation assumptions used to determine reactor vessel component fatigue limits. AmerGen's records indicate that OCNGS has no occurrences of cool-downs exceeding the 300 degrees per hour limit. OCNGS has exceeded the 100 degree cool-down rate twice in the plant's history, on December 29, 1972, and again onNovember 15, 2000. The comment will not be evaluated further.Comment: And the second question that I had is they put out this report to talk about normalboiler loss of approximately three-quarters of a gallon per minute. Now, my question is: ifyou've got a reactor that's leaking, and it's considered a normal part of its operation, releasingthree-quarters of a gallon per minute, where is this water going? What kind of corrosion is it producing? How is this realistically being monitored? And not just with visual inspections.As we can see from Davis-Besse, it didn't work, because that reactor was so corroded through itwas basically an act of God that kept it from going critical. How is this corrosion being monitored effectively? And not just with visual inspections, but actual testing of materials.And also, where is this water going? Where is this being admitted? Where is this radiationgoing? I mean, I know it's part of normal operation of a nuclear reactor to be releasing radioactivity into the environment, and I'm concerned that this is not being properly monitored and checked. (OS-D-2)Response: Leakage from the reactor coolant system is an operational issue and is outside thescope of license renewal. The leakage rate from the reactor coolant system is limited by a TS to5 gallons per minute (gpm) for
?unidentified" leakage and 20 gpm for
?identiifed" leakage. Theallowed leakage rates are based on the predicted and experimentally observed behavior of cracks in pipes and on the ability to make up coolant system leakage in the event of a loss ofoffsite power. The drywell floor drain sump and equipment drain tank provide the primary means of leakdetection and collection. Identified leakage is that from valves and pumps in the reactor systemand from reactor vessel head flange gasket. Leakage through seals of this equipment is piped to the drywell equipment drain tank. Leakage from other sources is classified as unidentified leakage and is collected in the drywell sump.Reactor coolant system leakage is continuously monitored and is trended to ensure unidentifiedleakage is identified, analyzed, and corrected in a timely manner. The amount of leakage is determined by recording the amount of liquid pumped out of the drywell equipment drain tankand the drywell sump. This liquid waste is sent to the Radioactive Waste Processing System where it is filtered and recycled for use as make-up water for the plant. Any release to theenvironment would be monitored and included in the Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report. The comment will not be evaluated further.Comment: Actually, I'd like to start by clarifying a couple of things. The first thing I wasclarifying is the gentleman stated before that there are no Chernobyl-style plants operating in theUnited States. Although this is true with the graphite reactor, the one that they were operatingwas closed down. The point is not the type of reactor. The point is the type of accident that cancome from it, and that type of accident is a massive radiation release. And these are the -- thisis what is going to cause a Chernobyl-like incident. It's not necessarily a fire, but if Oyster Creek
-- because of its age, does have a catastrophic release of radiation, the plant in Chernobyl is only two years old. Oyster Creek has far more radiation there. So even a significant percentageof that would be catastrophic to the environment. (OS-D-3) Comment: I think when we talk about environmental effects, the big environmental effect thatscares me, and should scare all of us, is what happens if it really goes wrong. And it worries meterribly that we're taking an old, obsolete plant and saying, "Let's put 20 more years on it." (OS-K-3)Response: The environmental review does consider postulated plant accidents that mightoccur during the license renewal term. It also includes a review of the alternatives to mitigatesevere accidents if this has not previously been evaluated for the applicant's plant. The purpose of this consideration is to ensure that plant changes (i.e., hardware, procedures, and training) with the potential for improving severe accident safety performance are identified, evaluated,and, if appropriate, implemented. As a result, the impacts of accidents are considered within the scope of the environmental review for license renewal and will be addressed in the SEIS.Comment: How does that accident mitigation -- how does that play into the environmentalscoping process? (OS-Q-5)Response: An analysis of Severe Accident Mitigation Alternatives (SAMAs) is included as partof the environmental review of the application for license renewal if it had not been consideredearlier for the facility. The SAMA review is an evaluation of alternatives to mitigate severe accidents. Severe accidents are those that could result in substantial damage to the reactorcore, whether or not there are serious off-site consequences. The NRC staff reviews andevaluates SAMAs to ensure that changes that could improve severe accident safety performance are identified and evaluated. Potential improvements could include hardwaremodifications, changes to procedures, and changes to the training program.In some cases, SAMAs may have already been evaluated by the NRC staff in a previousenvironmental impact statement (EIS), supplement, or environmental assessment (EA) written for a facility before the applicant applied for license renewal. In such cases, the evaluation doesnot have to be repeated for that particular facility, according to NRC regulations in10 CFR 51.53. However, if the NRC staff has not previously evaluated SAMAs for an applicant'splant in an EIS, a supplement, or an EA, the license renewal applicant is required to consider alternatives to mitigate severe accidents as part of the license renewal application. Amergenhas submitted a SAMA evaluation for the OCNGS as part of its license renewal application.The outcome of the SAMA analysis is a list of plant improvements that meet the criteria of beingcost-beneficial, provide a significant reduction in total risk, and are associated with aging effects during the period of extended operation.In some cases, however, the review leads to a determination that there are no specific SAMAcandidates that are cost-beneficial. This may be the case where there is a low residual level of risk and where the applicant has, in fact, already implemented many plant improvements. In other cases, a SAMA that is potentially cost-beneficial may not relate to adequately managingthe effects of aging during the period of extended operation. Such SAMAs need not beimplemented as part of the license renewal pursuant to 10 CFR Part 54.13. Comments Concerning Uranium Fuel Cycle and Waste Management Comment: The second question is: what are the requirements of nuclear regulatory as far asencasing the spent fuel rods? Are there specific things at Yucca Mountain that they are requiredto do, which is we can't -- and I understand a lot of the points of spent fuel rods is not in -- is the transportation of those to Yucca Mountain. What are the regulations for encasement? (OS-B-2)Response: Requirements for dry cask storage and transportation are outside the scope oflicense renewal. During dry cask storage and transportation, spent nuclear fuel must be
?encased" in NRC-approved casks. An NRC-approved cask is one that has undergone atechnical review of its safety aspects and been found to meet all of the NRC's requirements. These requirements are specified in 10 CFR Part 72 for storage casks and 10 CFR Part 71 fortransportation casks. Regulations that govern disposal of high-level radioactive waste in apotential geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, are provided in 10 CFR Part 63. Thecomment provides no new and significant information and, therefore, will not be evaluatedfurther.Comment: I'd like to know how many spent fuel rods are now stored onsite, and how many arewe generating in a yearly process? (unidentified speaker)Response: Although outside the scope of license renewal, at the time of the scoping meetings,there were 976 spent fuel assemblies loaded in 16 dry storage casks at the OCNGS site, and1992 assemblies stored in the spent fuel pool. OCNGS is on a 24-month refueling cycle, withabout 180 spent fuel assemblies discharged to the pool during each refueling. Each assembly weighs approximately 600 pounds, and of that weight about 500 pounds is actual uranium fuel.Comment: Presently, there is no permanent safe storage of nuclear waste, so rather thancontinue to produce this toxic byproduct, the plant should be shut down. (OS-I-3)Comment: Furthermore, please add to the record that the Federal Government should notsubsidize the new construction of nuclear plants until the problem of safe storage of nuclearwaste is solved, an issue not covered by the new energy bill passed by the Congress. (OS-I-8)Comment: The particular concern -- and this is not just here in this area, but having read aboutit in the newspapers -- is our utter and complete failure after all of these years to come up withany solution, reasonable solution, to what to do with the rods that are left, the things that are socompletely contaminated, so heavily contaminated. And we kept hearing -- you know, I'm notyoung, so I've been hearing for years and years and years how they're going to solve this problem. Well, we're no closer to it now than we were 30, 40, 50 years ago. And what we are a lot closer to is all, and I mean all, those rods that are right up the road apiece. And so I am very frightened about those. We keep adding more and more to them with no -- no -- nothing in sight of getting rid of them. (OS-K-4)Comment: Our number one problem is not radiation from the atomic power plant. It's how toget rid of -- we have to get the Federal Government to start moving on disposal of the fuel rods. That is a major priority that's the Federal Government's responsibility that they should take on,not these people. (OS-B-4)Comment: You can mount this under a fault, and those tanks will only hold highly radioactiveradiation for 10,000 years, at most. So some of this radiation doesn't go away for billions of years. Then, you've got the radiation, you've got the -- it's really hot stuff, this radiation. If theyever lose water from it - I'm telling you what is going to happen here. You know this. You know it, and you speak it, because you're dealing with a genocide. You don't understand. (OS-E-1)Comment: Our biggest concern right now is that the NRC refuses to look at the solid wasteproblem and the evacuation problem as a legitimate concern within the scoping process. Theykeep saying that that's an everyday issue. We say that's an everyday issue that every day theydon't take care of. So, therefore, it's a now issue, yes, but it's an ongoing issue that isn't beingtaken care of.In terms of the nuclear waste, if anything should be considered in an environmental scopingmeeting, it's that waste that is not being disposed of, that is dangerous as it sits there now. Even going to the casks, the cement ca sks, no one really knows how those will hold up. Thereis talk that 300 years they will probably start leaking.In terms of Yucca Mountain, even if they ever do open that up, which it looks like they won't,there will be so much nuclear waste at all of the plants that we don't even know if ours will getthere. A nuclear waste dump in New Jersey, which is what we're talking about, is what willhappen -- it is that way now, and it will continue to get worse the more we make. How can anindustry claim to be moral and community-oriented when they produce a deadly substance where there is no known disposal for anywhere on this earth? No one can find it.Somebody asked the reason that Germany is getting off nuclear, or wants to get off nuclear, asthe U.K. would like to, too, since they had that terrible accident at the nuclear processing plant. The reason they're getting off it is because there is no place to dispose of this stuff. They are finding out that renewable energy is getting cheaper and cheaper, when you consider the billionsof dollars that go into subsidizing the nuclear energy field. (OS-P-1)Comment: I think there are clear problems involved with the way that the NRC looks at licenseextensions, and, number one, they don't take a look at waste. You think of it as an ongoingissue. But there's going to be 20 more years of it. And looking that far into the future, unfortunately, is not part of that process. (OS-Q-3)Comment: And when they get to Yucca Mountain, they put the high, long-lived radiation, theyput that in Yucca Mountain in carbon steel -- in tanks that last 10,000 years, they say. And then,they say it could deteriorate in 300 years, and it doesn't go away. So you keep on putting more fuel rods there, more radiation. Where are you going to put it? As soon as they go there, if theygo there -- they probably will -- they have to already make a -- already did make plans with theIndian reservations there to put it in the land there. Radiation doesn't go away. It decays. It hasto decay to go away into another element, and some of that could be short-lived, some of that could be billions of years. And you're going to be sick, and your children are going to be sick. (OS-E-3)Comment: I wanted to ask about two things and because when I spoke in July, August, I'msorry, the months are going into each other, there was a concern for me about the spent fuelrods. And at that particular meeting the NRC said that they felt that the -- based upon what washappening with Yucca Mountain that these rods could stay where they were. I want to know what is the federal plan or the NRC's plan and how is it justified that more of these fuel rods can be generated when the existing rods are still there and with the burgeoning population and all ofthese other things, we don't have a plan. And do you have a foreseeable plan? Do you have an idea how many years the rods that are already there going to be there and generating more. What's that going to create in terms of what I would have a real concern about? (OS-AA-2)Comment: How can they use Yucca Mountain when Nevada doesn't want those -- if they don'twant -(unidentified participant)Response: The safety and environmental effects of long-term storage of spent fuel onsite havebeen evaluated by the NRC, and as set forth in the Waste Confidence Rule (49 FR 34658, 55FR 38474, and 64 FR 68005), the NRC generically determined that such storage could beaccomplished without significant environmental impact. In the Waste Confidence Rule, the Commission determined that spent fuel can be stored onsite for at least 30 years beyond thelicensed operating life, which may include the term of a renewed license. At or before the end ofthat period, the fuel would be moved to a permanent repository. The GEIS is based upon theassumption that storage of the spent fuel onsite is not permanent. The SEIS regarding licenserenewal for OCNGS will be based on the same assumption.The Commission has determined that the comprehensive regulatory controls that are in placeand the low public doses that have been incurred ensure that the radiological impacts to the environment will remain small during the term of a renewed license. The Commission alsoconcluded that there is reasonable assurance that sufficient low-level waste disposal capacity will be available when needed for facilities during the license renewal period as well as duringdecommissioning. The comments provide no new information and, therefore, will not beevaluated further.14. Comments Concerning the License Renewal ProcessComment: One thing that concerns me with the numbers that are being thrown around -- that anuclear power plant has a 40-year given life prior to coming before the Nuclear RegulatoryCommission to get permission -- be approved for a 40-year life.Renewal is more accurately, it seems, a 20-year. As this gentleman brought up, SenatorConnors in the 9th Legislative District, which we're hearing also is -- it suggest 5 years. Now, it seems to me -- and I think a lot of people in this room would agree with me -- that a Senator of a legislative district would have a lot more clout with getting you people to listen than just any Tom, Dick, and Harry like myself requesting that request. Am I correct in stating that?We saw on the slides that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission wants our comments, wants tomake things safer and make things better. Are they listening to Senator Connors' request?
(OS-C-1)Comment: This state does need nuclear power, but there is a big "but" attached to that. Is thesame -- demonstrated the amount of natural gas, power, and electric is being used up at a fasterrate because we don't have enough, but we can build clean renewable energy.A major statement is plants such as Oyster Creek is -- is there any precedent for renewalapplications on any nuclear plant that's almost 40 years old? And why is it just -- I'm agreeing with the gentleman with the Senator's office -- why it has to be 20 years? Most nuclear planterrors occur because of human faults, not just safety features and environmental features.The point being is I am for renewing it, but on a 5-year basis, not a 20-year. Everything has itslife cycle. You have computers today that are disposable. Things that were built a long timeago, bridges can be found to be unsafe. Many things that man builds deteriorate, and everything has its life expectancy, and it can only be estimates. The point being is I think this should be taken in 5-year increments. Yes and no. But only because -- I know there's age management. I know there's a certain amount of age management, and I understand there's certain economics in building a structure and refurbishment. I think the figure was somewhere around $885 million to refurbish Oyster Creek, to bring it up to environmental standards -- thefigure that was published in the newspaper. For it to be refurbished to meet certain environmental -- so that it doesn't discharge in the water. And other maintenance factors wereinvolved in it. That points out to the cost, when you build a power generation facility, the sameamount and the same accuracy. (OS-B-1)Response: During the public scoping period, the NRC staff actively solicited comments fromthe general public and others that may be interested in providing input to the SEIS. All scopingcomments and input are treated equally regardless of their source.The Staff has renewed the licenses of the Dresden Units 1 and 2 and Quad Cities 1 and 2 powerstations. These two stations are of similar design (BWR Mark 1) and similar vintage (designed and built in the late 1960s and early 1970s).The NRC regulations, developed after an exhaustive technical and environmental review by thestaff, allow for renewal for up to 20 additional years. An applicant could request a renewal of only 5 additional years if it so chooses. The comments provide no new and significant information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: And I am reminded that when my kids were in school there was an issue of whetheranyone could ever fail school or whether it was a matter of social promotion, just pass themalong. And as I've come to many of these meetings over the past couple of years, I have no sense of whether it's possible to fail this process. I know that the NRC has not refused any applicants for their renewals, so we don't have an historical example to look to. So I'm wondering if the NRC has established standards and benchmarks that would indicate failure andsince every meeting I come to where AmerGen indicates we -- or NRC or the DEP says okay, you have not met this criterion, you have not met that criterion, then they say okay, we'll comeback and we'll answer that the next time. I'm wondering how many times they get at the bat. Isthere a limited number or is it just going to be whatever problem gets identified, will getaddressed and then it will get approved and it's an automatic renewal process. So I amwondering, therefore, are there any objective measures that we could look at that would not beso mystifying to us that we would know if they hit this level they pass, if they hit this level, they fail. (OS-AB-1)Response: The NRC's responsibility under NEPA is to provide a fair and comprehensiveanalysis of potential impacts related to the proposed action (preserving the option for licenserenewal), to evaluate alternatives, and to suggest mitigation if deemed necessary. The NRC hasestablished criteria to determine the magnitude of the impacts of continued operation during the license renewal period (defined in the footnotes to Table B-1 of 10 CFR Part 51, Subpart A,Appendix B). The SEIS prepared by the NRC is only part of the information used bydecisionmakers (including State, utility, and, where authorized, other Federal decisionmakers)regarding the continued operation of OCNGS. From the perspective of the licensee and theState regulatory authority, the purpose of renewing an operating license is to maintain theavailability of the nuclear plant to meet system energy requirements beyond the current term ofthe plant's license. The NRC does not have a role in the energy-planning decisions of Stateregulators and utility officials as to whether a particular nuclear power plant should continue tooperate.To date, the NRC has approved all applications for license renewal for which the reviews havebeen completed. The NRC has found one application insufficient to start the review and hasreturned one application. The NRC has also halted the review process until sufficientinformation is provided to continue the review. The NRC can refuse to accept a request torenew a license if the applicant has not provided appropriate or adequate information in its initial application. If the NRC found the application insufficient to start the review, the NRC wouldidentify the deficiencies, and the applicant would be allowed to resubmit the application orprovide additional information. Applications require specific information (see U.S.
NRC 2001. Standard Format and Content for Applications to Renew Nuclear Power Plant OperatingLicenses. Regulatory Guide 1.188; and U.S.
NRC 2001. Standard Review Plan for Review ofLicense Renewal Application for Nuclear Power Plants. NUREG-1800). The comment providesno new information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: In 2003, AmerGen decided to pursue a license renewal application for OysterCreek. Preparation of that application began in October of that year, and we submitted theapplication to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission on July 22, 2005. The application, if you'veseen it, when you print it out is about 2400 pages. And when you put it in books it's about that thick, a huge amount of information, but that only represents a small part of all the work that wasdone in the investigation, in the engineering analysis, to prepare that application.Our estimate is that the body of information, if we printed it all out, would be at least 100 timesthat amount of information in volume. In preparation of that, we invested over 40 man-years of engineering work at a cost of over $5 million in preparation of it. Once we completed ourengineering work to prepare that application, AmerGen performed extensive managementreviews of the application. We brought in experts from outside AmerGen for review, including some former Nuclear Regulatory Commission managers, to review application to ensure that it was complete, thorough, and accurate. (OS-H-1, OS-H-6)Comment: We also took a look at the environmental impacts of continuing to operate OysterCreek. We looked at all aspects of continued impact of the plant on the environment. If youremember, Dr. Masnik had a slide up before that showed all of the different aspects that the NRC reviews. We reviewed all of those aspects also, and provided to the NRC the conclusionsof our review on all of the areas.Our conclusion is that the impacts on the environment are small, and I use the term "small" inthe sense that it is in the regulation, and that's that the impact will not have much impact on theenvironment. And not being an environmentalist, I tend to think of that more in terms that I'm more used to as an engineer whose been operating power plants, and that the impact on the environment of continued operation with an additional 20 years will be no more significant than itis today. (OS-H-3, OS-H-8)Comment: Local 1289 urges the NRC to objectively consider all of the facts about OysterCreek within your proven review process. (OS-F-3)Comment: Now I reviewed the NRC sites prior to this ever since the license renewal came upand the gentleman that was just up here had a specific question and one of the things that the NRC does that I am in favor of and I think they're doing a good job and I want to commend theNRC on what they are doing here for keeping an open mind on this license renewal andfollowing the rules, but they have performance indicators. And you can look at their NRC site and you can see what some of the performance indicators are. And I honestly believe the license renewal is a formality that they have to go through and prove that they can operate thepower plant correctly. But what a lot of people's concern what are saying let's stop the power plant, let's not renew the license, they're in the wrong ballpark here. Because if you look at theNRC site and the rules and the inspections they follow, you look at the performance indicatorsand they take you from let's write a malfunction, a reportable incident to yellows to reds and under their rules and guidelines there are certain steps that have to be taken to reports to fines to corrections. All the way down to closing the power plant. Now I said I'm for the power plant and I am, 100 percent for this power plant, but if there comes a time and this power plant ages, these indicators should show that and at that time the power plant can be closed down. They'reasking for 20-year renewal here. The plant might operate for 10 years and have a fault. Under these performance indicators, in 10 years this plant might have to close. We don't know that today and this license renewal application is not going to give that to us. So we have to let the
NRC and the plant people do their job, stop this bickering and let's stop the plant, let's close itdown, let's decommission it. That's not good for the benefit of everybody. This plant operating helps the entire State of New Jersey, not just Lacey Township. (OS-U-3)Response: The comments are noted. The comments relate to the overall license renewalprocess. The comments provide no new information and will not be evaluated further in the SEIS.Comment: In addition to that, I wanted to point out that although Exelon had the opportunity tospeak at length at the beginning of this meeting and it's now about 8:30 and they have a veryprominent place where they can display their opinion regarding the license extension for this plant, members of the public who brought information and who brought images, were not allowed to show that information. So I wanted to just say that I think unfortunately that is unfairto the public, especially considering that this is a meeting for public comments specifically. So the next time around, I would encourage you to do that. (OS-Q-8)Response: The NRC staff encourages public involvement in the scoping process and does notintentionally discriminate among individuals wishing to provide comments or other information.The NRC is proud of its efforts to facilitate public involvement in the license renewal process;however, we value input on the effectiveness of our efforts, and are always open to suggestions on ways to further facilitate public interactions. Given notice in advance, the staff will maketables available to any interested citizens or groups to display or distribute information at any future meetings related to the OCNGS environmental review for license renewal. 15. Comments Concerning Issues Outside the Scope of License RenewalSafety and SecurityComment: The safe operation of Oyster Creek is our top priority, and it is important for ourcommunity that we continue to operate. (OS-G-3, OS-G-17)Comment: Oyster Creek is not the same plant that it was when it was first built. We'veinvested over $1.2 billion in upgrades to maintain it to today's highest standards. We work hardto achieve our commitment to clean, safe, and reliable operations. We've kept this promise for 36 years, and we're committed to serving our community for another 20 years. (OS-G-14, OS-G-28)Comment: I'd now like to talk a little bit about the two different parts of the review. I understandthat the primary subject of today's meeting deals with the environmental review, but I'd like totalk also about the safety review that we performed as part of this application. What we did in that review was to perform a review of the history and the condition of all the safety equipment in the plant. We did that to determine whether the necessary maintenance was being performedon that equipment to make sure that the equipment will be able to operate it when it's neededunder emergency situations, not only today but for the next additional 20 years of operation.When you look back at Oyster Creek, when it was built, all of the equipment was brand new. Itwas thoroughly tested to make sure it would perform properly. But like anything else, equipment does age. That doesn't mean it won't work, but it does age, and there is -- certain things need to be done with it with respect to time. Maintenance is performed on it. Sometimes equipment is refurbished. Some pieces of equipment may be replaced. There may be modifications done to the plant to upgrade the equipment in the plant. We reviewed all of that work to make sure thatthe proper maintenance is going on today, and we'll continue in the additional 20 years ofoperation to make sure that aging that equipment is properly managed and the equipment willoperate properly.We also reviewed calculations that were performed as part of the original design of the plant thatwere done to ensure that the plant could operate safely for 40 years. We analyzed those calculations and were able to confirm that the plant would be able to operate safely for 60 years. Overall, our conclusion from our engineering review was that Oyster Creek can operate safely for another 60 years, or up to 60 years, and we'll be able to maintain its operating condition required by its design. (OS-H-2, OS-H-7)Comment: Oyster Creek has more experience safely producing clean energy than any othernuclear plant in the country. The employees are highly trained to operate the plant, and all of itssystems, which are regularly upgraded to meet the strict operating and environmental standards. (OS-F-2)Comment: I also used to work as an electrician, and they have something called the electricalcode, and the electrical code is established by looking at how fires and accidents have occurredin the past, and creating codes to make sure that things are built so that these don't happen inthe future. This is what the NRC should be doing. The NRC has a set of codes, but it seemsthat every time one of these plants doesn't meet these codes, they change the codes for them to comply. And this is not proper regulation. Their obligation is to keep us as safe as possible. Ifyou're dealing with a plant that was designed back in 1962, and is already considered to be obsolete by many experts, then certainly we shouldn't be laxing any of the regulations. (OS-D-4)Comment: I can tell you as a worker that I wasn't happy with what happened at Davis-Besse,and I expect, you know, as a worker, again, for the NRC to do its job and fix the problems thathappened at Davis-Besse. And as far as the relicensing, I know that the people that areinspectors in the NRC, I have a great deal of respect for. I think they are licensed. Congress issupposed to watch them, to watch them do the relicensing effort, make sure the plant is safe. I can tell you that the workers do not want an unsafe plant to work in. So our position -- New Jersey IBEW -- and me and President of Local 94 is that we want a safe plant to work in. I think the NRC should have the ability to do its job in its entirety and make sure that we have a safeplant when it's relicensed. (OS-M-1)Comment: I was given the opportunity to work at Oyster Creek during a shutdown. Well, I wasreally nervous about that. I thought, oh, what have I put myself in for? Am I doing the rightthing? Is it going to be safe? I had no idea, because, like you, I had a lot of concerns. Well, let me tell you, I worked at the plant from October 24th to November 25th, and I learned a lot. Onething I know for a fact, that plant is safer than Fort Knox. It's very well protected. And during the shutdown they went through -- a lot of money was spent to repair, replace, and refurbish parts that needed to be refurnished, like the turbine. The turbine has a building called the turbine building, which I know now. The turbine is bigger than this whole room. Well, I saw that turbine taken apart and replaced and rebuilt from scratch, and they did an excellent job. And you know what? I'm not worried about Oyster Creek anymore. I sleep very well. I tell all my friends and everybody I know, "You don't have to worry about Oyster Creek. It's safe." (OS-N-1)Comment: Additionally, we know that the design and age deficiencies of Oyster Creek are welldocumented, and that 30 percent of the power -- of the plant equipment failures are due toage-related degradation. We also know that design standards have changed dramatically sincethe plant was built, and that in 1985 studies have shown that the MARK I reactor is a faultydesign, and that there could be a 90 percent failure rate in the case of an accident. This would require the venting of pressure -- pressure buildup to avoid a meltdown of the core. If that response and the release of high pressure radioactive steam into our environment is not an environmental issue, and is not considered part of this review, I don't know what is, because I can tell you the first thing that people will be concerned about if something like that were tohappen would be directly their health and how directly the environmental health of their familiesis impacted by this plant. (OS-R-4)Comment: It's been 30 years since we've had a nuclear reactor in this country, because they'reso dangerous and people were scared. Thirty years. Our new leadership gets in there, allbusiness, going to have reactors all over the world. Big mining countries, mining industries, you know, the big uranium, copper, and all types of things, they're going to use these nuclear devices. Yucca Mountain is on a fault. What happens if there's an earthquake there? You'vegot --Europe, they talked about that, they're closing them down. United Kingdom, they're closingolder reactors down, but they're not too -- they're going to build one. And one in Ganola,reactors in Nufiana -- however you say that name -- was another reactor shut down for good in 2004, with the second of the Chernobyl style to be closed in 2009. I know that Japan is having a nightmare with their reactors. So many people are being killed that were working there, and thousands were killed from downwind from the radiation. Thousands. Like what would happenhere if a container broke loose and you got radiation. There's no escape. People have got tounderstand that. There's no escape. This is life-threatening. This is your life. This is the future gone down the drain, and it could happen anytime. Even the best conditions, that gentleman before that was up there, he said, well -- what did he say? He said it was safe. He said just CO 2gets out. Damage from radiation accumulates over time, because once it's in the body it stays there. Cancer is promised. Dr. John Goffman, a medical doctor and nuclear chemist, biophysicist, Arthur Templin, charged that using nuclear is risking dangerous levels of radioactivity. He said it's genocide, and genocide could be right around the corner for us.
(OS-E-7)Comment: The third reason is to protect plant equipment. One of the keys to clean, safe andreliable operations is keeping our equipment in top operating condition. At Oyster Creek, wespend countless hours proving that our systems work as they're designed, testing to detectproblems before they occur, and fixing things before they actually break. So it sounds like I have a big job and I do, but I don't do it alone. I work with an incredible team of professionals who are just as committed as I am to the protection of the public, the protection of the environment and clean, safe and reliable plant operations. (OS-AC-3)Comment: Refueling outages starts 25 months prior to the outage itself. In a little less than ayear, we'll start 1R21 and we are a year away from our next refuel. So it's a long drawn outprocess and the safety aspect of it has been implemented through programs, implemented through corporation and programs that are site implemented which is detailed for the specificOyster Creek site. Part of that is the color scheme that is being used which is the same thing as the homeland security. The green, the yellow, the orange and the red scheme is being used for my recollection almost 12 to 15 years which it was implemented as a pilot program at Peach Bottom in the early 1990s. So we utilize that color scheme for reactor safety. (OS-AE-1)Comment: I put the containment isolation valves in the 1981-1982 at Oyster Creek. That'sanother story, it's too long to tell here, but there are -- there was an upgrade of equipment whichthey already had and it was unheard of in this country. It came from Germany and it went into Donald Cook 1 and 2, the containment isolation valves; Limerick, Commonwealth Edison, etcetera, etcetera. A superior product. When that shuts in the walls of the containment, nothingis going out of there, believe me because the equipment was tested at 11Gs vertical, 11Gshorizontal on an accelerator table, and it passed with flying colors. (OS-W-3)Comment: Another thing was safety. Somebody said you were going to pop a cork at theatomic plant. Maybe in 1960 when I went to OCC or when you opened, that would have been aconcern of mine. However, I did choose Ocean County to come and reside in. (OS-AG-2)Comment: I think technology and things are wonderful for this world and I look forward toadvancement, but I think when we have such a densely populated area, we've got to look atnumber one, safety. And also that important part of what is there for our children? (OS-AG-4)Comment: The parent utility should be required to install state-of-the-art structural steelencasements around the fuel loss storage pool -- an above-ground storage facility. Suchencasements should be able to withstand if they were hit by an airplane or a missile. (OS-I-7) Response: The comments are noted. The NRC's environmental review is confi ned toenvironmental matters relevant to the extended period of operation requested by the applicant. Operational safety issues are outside the scope of this review. An NRC safety review for thelicense renewal period is conducted separately. Although a topic may not be within the scope ofreview for license renewal, the NRC is always concerned with protecting health and safety. Anymatter potentially affecting safety can be addressed under processes currently available for an existing operating license regardless of the status of a license renewal application. Specificsafety-related issues raised by members of the public that are outside the scope of licenserenewal are forwarded to the applicable NRC division for appropriate disposition. Thecomments provide no new information and do not pertain to the scope of license renewal as set in 10 CFR Parts 51 and 54. Therefore, they will not be evaluated further.Comment: Yes, does the plant have to update their materials up to the new standards or dothey go by when it was being built, previous standards when it was constructed. Do they have togo by construction requirements? (OS-AF-3)Response: The current licensing basis (CLB) is the particular set of NRC requirementsapplicable to a licensed operating nuclear power facility at any given time. The set of NRCrequirements can and does change over time as a result of additional research, industry and government initiatives, operating experiences, and other new information. Many of these changes to the CLB result in improvements in the level of safety, design, and operation of the facility. The comment provides no new information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: I have one concern that bothers me, and I'd like to share it with you, and that is thatI can't go up in a private plane or a small plane, or any kind of a plane and fly over Disneyland,Disney World, or -- now we'll bring it closer to home -- first, Great Adventure in Jackson, because it's restricted air space. Now, we've heard a lot this afternoon from both sides of the aisle, from the DEP and from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, that you are for safety. If you are for safety, I'm going to throw a question out. Why is the air space over Oyster Creek not restricted on a sectional in this area? Can anybody answer that? I've asked that at five meetings. I've gone to Congressman Jim Saxton. I've gone to Congressman Chris Smith in the 4th. I have even gone to the FAA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and asked that thatspace be restricted.Let me tell you why that's important. As a former resident of Lacey Township -- and I don't knowif there's anybody here from Lacey -- but I remember years back when a gentleman -- two men went out to Robert J. Miller Airpark, our local airport, took up a small plane and did some flyingat low altitudes over Forked River. The steeple on my church, the Forked River United Methodist Church, was crashed into with that plane. What would stop a deranged person -- and this world today certainly has enough of those, we all know -- to go out to Robert J. Miller Airparkand take a test as a pilot, and be certified, and take an airplane and crash it into that corrugated piece of metal on top which surrounds -- the shroud which surrounds the wetbath. This shouldbe done before we even talk about cooling towers or fish kills. This to me is of utmostimportance. (OS-C-3)Response: Issues related to physical security at nuclear power plants are outside the scope oflicense renewal. Since September 11, 2001, there have been varying levels of restrictions onthe airspace above and near commercial nuclear power plants. Currently, the FAA has a general Notice to Air Mariners (NOTAM) in place which reads: "FDC4/0811 FDC ...SpecialNotice... This is a restatement of a previously issued advisory notice. In the interest of National Security and to the extent practicable, pilots are strongly advised to avoid the airspace above, or in proximity to such sites as power plants (nuclear, hydro-electric, or coal), dams, refineries, industrial complexes, military facilities and other similar facilities. Pilots should not circle as toloiter in the vicinity over these types of facilities." The NOTAM goes on to identify specificfacilities and their coordinates for pilot reference.The Federal government will continue to assess the need to restrict airspace above or nearcritical infrastructure, including nuclear power plants. In addition, should conditions warrant, procedures and processes are in place for the immediate closure of certain airspace and interdiction by Federal response elements. The comment provides no new information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: And I also am concerned because I think that New Jersey, if we're talking aboutterrorism, I think New Jersey is probably one of the highest priority targets for any terrorist in theworld, because New Jersey is such a crossroads, has so many industries, so many things.
(OS-K-5)Comment: And then, what about terrorism? They don't have to fly an airplane, not with theweapons and the technology we've got today. And what about the fuel rods? They could foolwith the fuel rod and put enriched uranium slugs in there, and you could have a nuclear explosion, which probably that's unlikely because it would be pretty hard to do. But, you know, these people are pretty tricky. They could do it. (OS-E-4)Comment: On a national security thing, if you get rid of nuclear power, you're going to begetting rid of our nuclear submarines, our nuclear battleships and our nuclear aircraft carriersbecause they're all powered by nuclear power. Right now, that's the only way to protect the United States, so if you get rid of all that, then you're also going to be getting rid of all thosebusinesses that make them and you'll be probably at the whim of all these rogue nations thatnow want to get nuclear power, so this whole ideal of trying to get rid of nuclear power totally and just go with all other alternatives is not really viable, especially when you need nuclear power in this age to defend your country with some pretty, you know, bad people that don't really like the way we do things here and don't like our freedom. That's another thing to take a look at.
(OS-X-4)Response: The comments are noted. The NRC's environmental review is confi ned toenvironmental matters relevant to the extended period of operation requested by the applicant.
NRC and other Federal agencies have heightened vigilance and implemented initiatives toevaluate and respond to possible threats posed by terrorists. Malevolent acts remain speculative and beyond the scope of a NEPA review. NRC routinely assesses threats and otherinformation provided to it by other Federal agencies and sources. The NRC also ensures thatlicensees meet appropriate security levels. The NRC will continue to focus on prevention ofterrorist acts for all nuclear facilities and will not focus on site-specific evaluations of speculativeenvironmental impacts. While these are legitimate matters of concern, they should continue to be addressed through the ongoing regulatory process as a current and generic regulatory issue that affects all nuclear facilities. The NRC has taken a number of actions to res pond to theevents of September 11, 2001, and plans to take additional measures. However, the issue of security and risk from malevolent acts at nuclear power plants is not unique to facilities that haverequested a renewal to their license and, therefore, will not be addressed within the scope of theSEIS. The comments do not provide new and significant information, and they do not pertain tothe scope of license renewals set forth in 10 CFR Parts 51 and 54. Therefore, the commentswill not be evaluated further.Emergency PreparednessComment: For one thing, the reactor should be shut down. If it's so safe, why would they haveevacuation plans to begin with? (OS-E-2)Response: Licensees are required to have emergency preparedness plans for the samereason school boards require grade schools to have fire alarm drills. Even though the probabilityof a fire in a grade school during the school day is very small, society believes that it is prudent to have an evacuation plan and to periodically exercise that plan. Even though the licensee andthe NRC staff believe the level of safety at the station is adequate to protect the public, it is alsoprudent to have an emergency protection plan. The comment provides no new information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: The renewal should be denied for the following reasons. The New Jerseyemergency planning evacuation plan will not work, so, therefore, the plant should be shut down. (OS-I-2)Comment: There is no backup power source for warning sirens around the plant. So in theevent of an emergency resulting in the loss of a siren, the public would be ignorant of dangers. So, therefore, the plant should be shut down. (OS-I-4)Comment: And before I make any other remarks, I would just say that the standard thought inour home was that, if anything went wrong at the Oyster Creek plant, we would immediately pullout the largest amount of alcohol that we could find, we could consume it, because there was noway in the world we were going to be able to get out. (OS-K-1)Comment: Another thing that troubles me -- that seriously troubles me, I happen to have adaughter who is a teacher in the Forked River Elementary School, Lacey Township. Toevacuate just Lacey Township, and I know we have residents here from Manahawkin, from Barnegat Light, from Barnegat, in those areas, let's just talk about Lacey Township. To evacuate every student in the Lacey school system would take 103 school buses, to get themout of there and get them up to Ocean County College or out to the Naval Air Station Lakehurst,or wherever. Lacey Township currently has a fleet of 62 buses. So I asked the question at an NRC meeting way back two or three years ago in Waretown. The answer that I got was, "Well,we'll get back to you, Mr. Frydendahl, and we'll tell you how we're going to supply those extra buses." I have a letter from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission that says, "Two will be sentfrom Pinelands Regional, two will be sent from Southern Regional, one each will be sent fromStafford Township and Eagleswood Township."It doesn't take a brain surgeon or a rocket scientist to realize that to get those buses from thatarea up to Lacey Township requires either driving north on Route 9 or driving north on the Garden State Parkway. How are you going to get them there? You're not going to. And how are we, just in Lacey Township, going to get our children out of school and out to an area likethe Ocean County -- I'm sorry, Ocean County College or the Naval Air Station, or whereverthey're going to take them? What are we going to do? We're going to say, "Well, the power plant is cooking away over there, and it's melting down, and the radiation is going out. Maybe we'll take the little ones first. No, maybe we'll take the high school ones first."We should get an evacuation plan, and I wish to heck that Senator Connors and AssemblymanConnors and Assemblyman Rumph were here today, because there is an election coming up, and they have been working on this, but they st ill don't have a solution. (OS-C-5)Comment: The same thing with evacuation plans. Yes, I understand that they're reviewedannually. They're not reviewed as to what the population is going to look like 20 years down theline. So, you know, I know that's not part of this review. We'll be talking about it in other reviews. But I do think that considering the public health risk that you have, if you do have a problem with that plant, that is an environmental problem overall. (OS-Q-4)Comment: Related to that, we know that in the case of any major nuclear accident, it couldtake one to four hours for plumes to travel within the 10-mile radius. However, the evacuationplan could take seven to nine at minimum. If that is not an environmental issue in terms of reducing what our exposure is to radioactivity, then I don't know what is. (OS-R-5)Comment: I've been hearing articles from the press and I've heard them from the EPA here,possibly even the DEP about an evacuation plan. Now we're all just witnessed an evacuationplan in New Orleans and we saw another one with Hurricane Rita in Houston. My question is a little bit involved here and someone here mentioned an evacuation plan for Long Beach Island, etcetera. And my comment was evacuation plan is called "swim" and if you live in Long Island it's called "swim faster." It's a figment of your imagination. I live on Route 9. I have a business there for 30 years. It takes me five minutes to get on to the highway from my driveway. Now in the event of an emergency, it's going to take me a much longer time to get out of my driveway.
The evacuation plan should be by the government somehow, FEMA, etcetera. And again, we saw how they handled Houston and New Orleans on evacuation plans. It was a total failure. So why should the utility be responsible for an evacuation plan? Where is the EPA and the DEP? Where is their plan? I hear all these people -- that's my question. Should the utility beresponsible for an evacuation plan? (OS-W-1)Comment: Now my recollection, I keep hearing about this evacuation business and myrecollection of the Three Mile Island issue of 26 years ago, 27 years ago, was that they held offthe evacuation. I think it occurred on a Tuesday. Within about 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> there was a man from the NRC that was assigned to take care of it and I remember his name was Dr. Denton, it stuckin my mind because it was the same as those funny little pajamas that little kids used to wear with a trap door in the rear. And he was a very competent man. He was on television almost consistently for about four or five days there, as I recollect. And he seemed to put people at ease and even though I noticed unusually contrary to what I just said, he got a little testy there one day, but I was applauding for him when he did because these reporters need to be dealt with in that fashion.Now my recollection is the evacuation plan was postponed from the point in time when theproblem was first identified until Friday, so the kids could finish school. And one of the problems when people talk about evacuation is there's an unspoken premise in that that everybody isgoing to have to get out of here within 8 minutes or 15 minutes and all the roads will be jammed. And the simple fact of it is that this cannot be compared as Mr. Hogan just said a few minutes ago, with the New Orleans thing. That was a whole different situation with that big bath tubdeveloping a leak. And the whole thing is different. In other words, what type of evacuation?
What is the emergency. I mean I have heard people in my town talk about an emergency whereby the bridge that's about 20 miles from the plant would be out at the same time as therebeing a brush fire coming across the thing, while at the same time there will be heavy rains andhigh waters and all together there would be some sort of a military attack here, paramilitaryattack on the power plant and all this occurs simultaneously and they say people wouldn't be able to get out. And of course, if all those things did happen simultaneously, then we'd have a problem. There's no question about it. But one has to go about this with some reasonableness and I think the most important thing to identify is that these evacuation plans are not something-- it's a false premise that it has to be dealt with immediately and you have to get 30,000 out of the community in 15 minutes. (OS-Y-1)Comment: I would also suggest that AmerGen get information to people about how the plantoperates. I know you used to send out the booklets. The booklets were vague at best. I wastalking to a lady in Bricktown. She's concerned that the plant is going to pop its cork tomorrow and she won't be able to get out of her town. She may have a viable thought there. But how arepeople in Bricktown supposed to know what you're doing down at Lacey Township? (OS-AD-2) Comment: And as I reside here and I look at our world and what it's like right now, thesituations that were occurring, terrorist attacks, our children have had to learn to live with adifferent kind of world. I look and I'm sure they practice fire drills in between towers. Yet, I'msure many of you have lost people that were in those towers or people that did lose people. And I look and I know if anything happened, any type of terrorist attack, if anything happened that caused some type of an evacuation in this area, with the population increase that has occurred in the past gosh, it's over 40 years now that I have been in this area, I know that people wouldnot safely get out. There's no way. You can't get down the parkway in the summer time. Give me a break, we can't get through town. So when I look at this, yes, I have concerns. I have very great concerns and I'm not even looking at medical issues or other things. (OS-AG-3)Comment: In addition to that, I took a look at what you do review in terms of the generalscoping. The first is you look at, it's called socioeconomics and environmental justice and that isa really, I think a very important part of thinking about environmental health and public health and so I know you look at the evacuation plan annually which I understand. Unfortunately, it does not look at the plan 20 years out and so when you're thinking about socioeconomics andenvironmental justice you must consider what the population is going to look like 20 years down the line because there are excellent estimates that the census has and if you looked and talkedto the towns, that information is available and it will change and it is changing right now. (OS-Q-11)Response: The comments are noted. The NRC's environmental review is confi ned toenvironmental matters relevant to the extended period of operation requested by the applicant.Appropriate measures have been incorporated into the emergency preparedness plans.
Whilethis is a legitimate matter of concern, it should continue to be addressed through the ongoing regulatory process as a current and generic regulatory issue that affects all nuclear facilities. All licensees of nuclear power stations are required to conduct a full-scale emergency exerciseevery two years. Offsite entities, such as the State and local governments and the U.S. FederalEmergency Management Agency, have responsibility for offsite emergency planning. Perceiveddeficiencies in the emergency plans should more appropriately be directed to the governmental entities that have responsibility for the specific portions of the plan that are j udged to bedeficient. The comments do not provide new and significant information and they do not pertain to the scope of license renewals set forth in 10 CFR Parts 51 and 54. Therefore, the commentswill not be evaluated further.Need for PowerComment: But everybody yells, "Oh, we've got to have this power plant. We've got to generatethis electricity." Let me give you a fact, folks. On the PJMD, which is the Pennsylvania, Jersey,Maryland, and Delaware grid, Oyster Creek supplies a whopping 3 percent of the power to that grid. Do we need that? No. Now, I understand it has been recast down to 1-1/2 percent, but I can't say that completely, but the 3 percent number has now been reduced to 1-1/2 percent. (OS-C-6)Comment: We believe for the purpose of the environmental review, I understand that it is todetermine whether or not the adverse environmental impacts of the license renewal for OysterCreek are so great that preserving the option of license renewal for energy planning decisionmakers would be unreasonable. Well, to start with what the energy production is for our states, it is unreasonable for us to extend the license of this plant, where we're getting a mere
1.5 percent
of our energy on the grid for it. New Jersey, along with other states, are adopting renewable energy measures, as well as efficiency measures, that are going to reduce the need of the power production currently made by the plants. (OS-R-2)Comment: I wanted to clarify how much energy Oyster Creek provides because there was a lotof -- just not correct information. So I wanted to clarify that and state that for the record. So onthe original PJM grid, which is a regional electricity grid, it does not represent PJM which used to be Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland. It now represents several states in our region. In that grid, Oyster Creek provides less than one percent of the energy, of the electricity,specifically. So to clarify for the record, it is true that the plant provides enough electricity for about 600,000 homes. The electricity that we get comes from that grid and so there's enoughenergy to easily replace what Oyster Creek provides right now. (OS-Q-9)Comment: Well, I'd just like to say that nuclear power is part of the equation. There was a ladythis evening that said that we don't need Oyster Creek, it only represents 1 percent of power. We can just go on the power grid. (OS-X-1)Comment: However, I do ask the NRC to look beyond the hype and prejudice that's promotedby some people through this course of hearings, statements that are purported to be facts thatoften contain no truth at all, one of which is there is not an excess of power in the grid. In fact,PJM often calls the plant to ensure that it continues to run during peak power times to prevent blackouts and outages. (OS-F-5) Response: The comments are noted. The need for power is specifically directed to be outsidethe scope of license renewal in 10 CFR Part 51.95(c)(2). The comments provide no newinformation and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Comment: Under the NEPA, "purpose" and "need" are closely linked but subtly different."Need" may be thought of as the problem and "purpose" as an intention to solve the problem.Clear statements of purpose and need are the basis for (1) identifying reasonable and practicable alternatives, (2) analyzing those alternatives in depth, and (3) selecting the preferredalternative.The Service requests that the NRC demonstrate a public need for the continued operation of theOyster Creek Nuclear Generation Station. Specifically, we request additional information on the current and projected electrical needs of the applicant's service area and whether other alternative sources of electricity are available, that could meet this need. The Service understands that the electrical transmission capability in New Jersey is deficient but growing andthat the importation of electricity from other Northeast states and Canada could meet the public'sneed without the continuation of the Oyster Creek nuclear power facility. The Service has alsoobtained information from Conectiv Power, owner of one of the transmission lines that terminates at the applicant's substation, that "there is very significant electric generationavailable from existing power plants to meet that growth" (ENSR International, 2004). It appears that transmission capability and not generation is the most critical component to meeting thepublic's need for electricity. In addition, the applicant states in its Environmental Report (page 7-11) that the "construction of new transmission lines could be required to ensur e syst emreliability."The NRC Draft EIS should discuss the interrelationship between available transmissioncapability and electrical generation. This discussion should include several new transmissionline upgrades recently constructed or planned in New Jersey and other sources of generated electricity from the Northeast that could meet the current and projected public need. (OS-AJ-3)Response: The regulatory authority over the licensee's economics (including the need forpower) falls within the jurisdiction of the States and to some extent within the jurisdiction of theFederal Energy Regulatory Commission. The need for power is specifically directed to be outside the scope of license renewal in 10 CFR Part 51.95(c)(2). The purpose and need for the proposed action (i.e., license renewal) is defined in the GEIS as follows:
?The purpose and needfor the proposed action (renewal of an operating license) is to provide an option that allows for power generation capability beyond the term of a current nuclear power plant operating licenseto meet future system generating needs, as such needs may be determined by State, licensee,and, where authorized, Federal (other than NRC) decision-makers." The comment provides nonew information and, therefore, will not be evaluated further.Aging ManagementComment: My common sense tells me that the older things get, the more likely they are tobreak. This applies to my refrigerator, my hot water heater, my car, and Oyster Creek nuclearpower plant. That plant is the oldest plant in the country. Its continued operation for another 20years is an experiment. It has never been done before. An experiment. And guess who the guinea pigs are? All of us who live in Ocean County, and I'm not comfortable with that. (OS-S-1)Response: The comment is noted. The NRC's environmental review is confi ned toenvironmental matters relevant to the extended period of operation requested by the applicant. Safety matters related to aging are outside the scope of this review. An NRC safety review forthe license renewal period is conducted separately. The safety review requires that the applicant demonstrate that the effects of aging will be managed in such a way that the intendedfunctions of
?passive" or
?long-lived" structures and components (such as the reactor vessel) willbe maintained during the extended operation. New monitoring programs may be established and inspection frequency increased. The results of the safety review are summarized in the NRC's Safety Evaluation Report (SER). The publicly available SER for OCNGS license renewalis scheduled to be issued in December 2006. The comment provides no new information and will not be evaluated further in the context of the environmental review. MiscellaneousComment: I didn't quite understand the gentleman, but I know that I've been told that at HopeCreek they have an atomic power plant, and that power plant has a cooling tower. Well, I wantto know, at Oyster Creek, do we have a cooling tower? (OS-A-1)Response: OCNGS has a once-through cooling system and does not have a cooling tower.Comment: Did you ever hear of plow-sharing? Plow-sharing is -- this was back some years,but they still do it to a point. They used -- if you know anything about the Hiroshima bomb, amegaton is a million -- 77 Hiroshima bombs, a million tons of TNT, metric tons of TNT. They cutit down to -- from a megaton to 150 kilotons. That's like -- a megaton is 77 Hiroshima bombs, and a kiloton is 1000 metric tons of TNT. So you add that up and explode that underground for mining. They dig down about a mile, and then they ignite these devices, and they explode for mining. They get uranium, they get copper, but when they get copper they pour chemicals inthere to loosen it up somehow, and it gets in the water table. There's thousands of people that --I've been looking into this since the Hanford atomic -- when the reactors first started, when they were first -- built the first atomic bomb. And a lot of coverups -- everything is safe. They told the people in the towns, "It's safe, it's safe." Women were coming down with breast cancer, miscarriages. Everybody was getting cancer. It was in the water. If my memory is right, in Idaho -- I just read this a while ago. I believe it's Idaho -- I might be wrong about that, but I got the information home -- 97 million tons of radium -- radioactive radium were dum ped on theshore and in the water there. Okay? You think you're safe? Nuclear belongs in a star. We shouldn't be using nuclear at all. (OS-E-6)Response: The comment is noted. The NRC's environmental review is confi ned toenvironmental matters relevant to the extended period of operation requested by the applicantfor OCNGS. The comment provides no new information and will not be evaluated further in thecontext of the environmental review.SummaryThe preparation of the plant-specific supplement to the GEIS (called a supplemental EIS orSEIS) for OCNGS will take into account all the relevant environmental issues raised during the scoping process. The draft SEIS will be made available for public comment. Interested Federal,State, and local government agencies; local organizations; and members of the public will begiven the opportunity to provide comments to be considered during the development of the finalSEIS. Concerns identified that are outside the scope of the staff's environmental review havebeen or will be forwarded to the appropriate NRC program manager for consideration.