W3P86-3328, Boric Acid Concentration Reduction Effort,Technical Bases & Operational Analysis,Waterford Nuclear Power Plant Unit 3

Boric Acid Concentration Reduction Effort,Technical Bases & Operational Analysis,Waterford Nuclear Power Plant Unit 3

ML20210R320
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Site:	Waterford
Issue date:	10/31/1986
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ML20210R318	List: ML20210R312 ML20210R339 W3P86-3328, Boric Acid Concentration Reduction Effort,Technical Bases & Operational Analysis,Waterford Nuclear Power Plant Unit 3
References
CEN-341(C), W3P86-3328, NUDOCS 8610070244
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Text

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1 BORIC ALID CONCENTRATION REDUCTION EYI:;T2 CEN-341(C) i l

TECHNICAL BASES AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS WATEPJORD NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNIT 3 Prepared for Louisiana Pcwer and Light Company October, 1986 O

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O Table of Contents i

Section Title Page 1.0 Introduction 1-1

1.1 Purpose and Scope

1-1 1.2 Rr. port Organization 1-2 1.3 Past vs. Present Methodology for Setting BAMT Concentration 2.0 Technical Bases for Reducing BAMT 2-1 Concentration O. 2.1 Boric Acid Solubility 2-1 2.2 Method of Analysis and Assumptions 2-1 2.2.1 RCS Boron Concentration vs. Temperature 2-1 2.2.2 Impact of Various Cooldown Rates 2-4 2.2.3 Applicability to Future Reload Cycles 2-6 4

2.2.4 Boron Mixing in the RCS and in the 2-6 Pressurizer 2.3 Borated Water Sources - Shutdown 2-8 (Modes 5 and 6) 2.3.1 Boration Requirements for Modes 2-8 5 and 6 i

O Table of Contents (cont.) .

Section Title Page 2.3.2 Assumptions Used in the Modes 2-8 5 and 6 Analysis 2.3.3 Modes 5 and 6 Analysis Results 2-12 2.4 Borated Water Source - Operating 2-18 (Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4) 2.4.1 Boration Requirements for Modes 2-19 1, 2, 3, and 4 f"'g 2.4.2 Assumptions Used in the Modes 2-21

-/ 1, 2, 3, and 4 Analysis 2.4.3 Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 Analysis 2-23 Results 4

2.4.4 Simplification Used Following 2-47 Shutdown Cooling Initiation i

2.5 Boration Systems - Bases 2-48 2.6 Response to Typical. Review Questions 2-52 3.0 Operational Analysis 3-1 i

3.1 Introduction to the Operational 3-1 1

Analysis 11 1

1

, - - - - - - . , . - , - . . . . - - - . . - . , ~ , . , - , - , - . , - - . .

Table of Contents (cont.) .

Section Title Page 3.2 Response to Emergency Situations 3-1 3.3 Feed-and-Bleed Operations 3-2 3.4 Blended Makeup Operations 3-9 3.5 Shutdown to Refueling - Mode 6 3-12 I

3.6 Shutdown to Cold Shutdown - Mode 5 3-25 4.0 References 4-1 m

Appendix 1 Derivation of the Reactor Coolant ---

System Feed-and-Bleed Equation Appendix 2 A Proof that Final System Concentration ---

is Independent of System Volume Appendix 3 Methodology for Calculating Dissolved ---

Boric Acid per Gallon of Water Appendix 4 Methodology for Calculating the ---

Conversion Factor Between Weight Percent Boric Acid and ppm Boron Appendix 5 Boric Acid Solubility Data - US ---

Borax & Chemical Corporation

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Boric Acid Concentration Reduction Effort Technical Bases and Operational Analysis CEN - 341(C)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE This report defines the methodology and outlines the technical bases which allows a reduction in the boric acid makeup tank (BAMT) concentration to the point where heat tracing of the boric acid makeup system is no longer required in order to prevent boric acid precipitation. The basic methodology or procedure used to set the minimum BAMT concentration and level for Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 is derived from the safe shutdown

() requirements of Branch Technical Position (RSB) 5-1. Specifically, sufficient dissolved boric acid is maintained in these tanks in order to

, provide the required shutdown margin of Technical Specification 3.1.1.1 I'

for a cooldown from hot standby to cold shutdown conditions. In addition, the minimum BAKI concentration and level for Modes 5 and 6 are based upon the ability to maintain the required shutdown margin in Technical Specification 3.1.1.2 following xenon decay and cooldown from 200 degrees to 140 degrees.

The work detailed in the report was performed specifically for the Waterford 3 SES, the calculation performed herein and the values obtained should be applicable to future cycles. (See Section 2.2.3 below). The curves in Figure 3.1-1 of Technical Specification 3.1.2.8 and the values in 3.1.2.7 may change slightly; however, there will not be a need to heat trace the boric acid makeup system for the remainder of plant life.

O 1-1

,4 4- _

O 1.2 REPORT ORGANIZATION l .

This report has been organized into three general sections:

Introduction, Technical Bases, and Operational Analysis. The Technical Bases Section 2.0, outlines the methodology which allows a significant reduction in boric acid makeup tank concentration and presents the results of the detailed calculations performed in support of the Technical Specifications. Separate calculations were performed for Specification 3.1.2.7 (Borated Water Source - Shutdown), Specification 3.1.2.8 (Borated Water Source - Operating), and Specification 3.4.1.2 (Boration Systems Bases). Also included in Section 2.0 are the technical responses to typical questions asked during review of the Technical : .

Specification changes. The Operational Analysis Section, Section 3.0, outlines the impact on normal operations of a reduced boric acid makeup

. tank concentration. The types of operations evaluated in Section 3.0

() include feed-and-bleed, blended makeup, shutdown to refueling, and shutdown to cold shutdown.

i 1.3 PAST vs. PRESENT METHODOLOGY OF SETTING BAMT CONCENTRATION 1

i Prior to the development of the methodology for setting BAMT concentration and level described in this report, the level and concentration specified in the plant Technical Specifications for Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were based upon the ability to perform a cooldown to cold shutdown in the absence of letdown. Further, boration of the reactor coolant system (RCS) to a shutdown margin of 5.15% delta k / k at 200 ,

degrees was required prior to commencing plant cooldown. In the limiting situation where letdown was not available, this boration was accomplished by charging to the RCS while simultaneously filling the pressurizar.

! Since boron concentration typically had to be increased by 800 ppm or more i prior to commencing cooldown, highly concentrated boric acid solutions were required due to the limited space that was available in the

(/ pressurizer.

1-2

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Relatively recent advances have made it possible.to develop new methodologies for setting BAMT concentration and levels. These advances include Combustion Engineering's ability to efficiently and accurately model conditions that exist within the reactor and development of such tools as the Reactor Operation and Control Simulator code (Reference 4.1). The methodology for setting concentration and level of Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 described in this report differs from previous methodologies in that boration of the reactor coolant system is performed concurrently with plant cooldown, i.e., concentrated boric acid is added concurrently with cooldown as part of normal inventory makeup due to coolant contraction. By knowing the exact boron concentration required to maintain proper shutdown margin at each temperature during a plant .

cooldown, BAMI concentration can be decoupled from pressurizer volume.

As a result, the amount of boric acid required to be maintained in the

. boric acid makeup tanks in order to perform a cooldown to cold shutdown conditions can be lowered to the point where heat tracing of the boric acid makeup system is no longer required, i.e., the ambient temperatures that normally exist in the plant's auxiliary building are sufficient to prevent boric acid precipitation.

• Similarly, a new methodology was developed for setting the minimum concentration and level of the boration source required to be operational in Modes 5 and 6. The new methodology is similar to the new Mode 1 through Mode 4 methodology in that boron is added concurrently with cooldown as part of normal system makeup. By insuring that the boron concentration is maintained greater that that required for proper shutdown margin at each temperature, the boric acid makeup rank concentration for Modes 5 and 6 can be lowered to 2.25 weight percent, j -

O 1-3

P 2.0 TECHNICAL BASES FOR REDUCING BAMT CONCENTRATION 1

2.1 BORIC ACID SOLUBILITY Figure 2-1 (p. 2-2) is a plot showing the solubility of boric acid in water for temperatures ranging from 32 to 160 degrees. (Data for figure 2-1 was obtained from Reference 4.2 and is reprinted in Appendix 5.)

Note that the solubility of boric acid at 32 degrees is 2.52 weight percent and at 50 degrees is 3.49 weight percent. At or below a concentration of 3.5 weight percent boric acid, the ambient temperatures that normally exist in the auxiliary building at Louisiana Power and Light Waterford Unit 3 will be sufficient to prevent precipitation within the boric acid makeup system.

2.2 METHOD OF ANALYSIS AND ASSUMPTIONS O 2.2.1 RCS Boron Concentration vs. Temperature As stated in Section 1.3 above, the methodology developed to allow a significant reduction in the boric acid concentration required to be l maintained in the BAMTs in Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 differs from the previous l methodolo3y in that boration of the reactor coolant system is performed concurrently with cooldown in order to insure proper shutdown margin, i.e., concentrated boron is cdded as part of normal system makeup during the cooldown process. In addition, the methodology developed to set the Modes 5 and 6 levels also uses boration and cooldown concurrently. To employ a methodology allowing boration concurrent with cooldown, the exact boron concentration required to be present in the reactor coolant system must be known at any temperature during the cooldown process. In addition, in order to insure applicability for an entire cycle, a cooldown scenario must be developed which is conservative in that it O

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places the greatest burden on an operator's ability to control reactivity, i.e., this scenario must define the boration requirements for

. the most limiting time in core cycle. Such a limiting scenario is as follows:

1. End-of-cycle conditions with initial RCS concentration at zero ppa boron. (EOC is used since boron worth is smallest thus requiring the greatest overall increase in boron concentration in order to maintain proper shutdown margin.)

2. The most reactive rod is stuck in the full out position.

. 3. Prior to-time zero, the plant is operating at 100% power with 100%

equilibrium xenon. Zero RCS leakage.

4. At time zero, the plant is shutdown and beld at hot zero power conditions for 25.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br />.

5. At 25.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br />, offsite power is lost and the plant goes into natural circulation. All non-safety grade plant equipment and components are lost, l

6. Approximately 0.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> later, at 26 hours3.009259e-4 days <br />0.00722 hours <br />4.298942e-5 weeks <br />9.893e-6 months <br />, the operators commence a cooldown to cold shutdown.

The scenario outlined above was used to generate the boration requirements for both Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Specification 3.1.2.8) and Modes 5 and 6 (Specification 3.1.2.7). It produces a situation where positive reactivity will be added to the reactor coolant system simultaneously from two sources at the time that a plant cooldown from hot shutdown is commenced. These two reactivity sources result from a temperature effect due to an overall negative isothermal temperature coefficient of O

2-3

O reactivity, and a poison effect as the xenon-135 level in the core starts to decay below its equilibrium value at 100% powe'r. This scenario, therefore, represents the greatest challenge to an operators ability to borate the reactor coolant system and maintain the required Technical Specification shutdown margin while cooling the plant from hot standby to cold shutdown conditions. In addition, it also represents the greatest challenge to an operators ability to maintain shutdown margin during a cooldown from 200 degrees to 140 degrees as required in the bases to Technical Specification 3.1.2.7.

2.2.2 Impact of Various Cooldown Rates As discussed in the previous Section, a conservative cooldown scenario

- was selected for use in determining RCS boron concentration levels.

These concentration results were then used to define the minimum Technical Specification boric acid makeup tank inventory requirements.

Os In the scenario selected, positive reactivity was added simultaneously from two sources at the time that the plant cooldown from hot standby was commenced. The component resulting from an overall negative isothermal temperature coefficient of reactivity is independent of time, but it is directly dependent upon the amount that the system has been cooled. In contrast, the component that results from the decay of xenon-135 below its equilibrium value at 100% power is independent of temperature, but directly dependent upon time. As a result, a slow cooldown rate will require more boron to be added to the reactor coolant system than a fast cooldown rate for a given temperature decrease since more positive reactivity must be accounted for due to xenon decay. This effect is illustrated in Figure 2-2 (p. 2-5) and is applicable to the Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 analysis. (All RCS boron concentration data in this report was

obtained through the use of the Reactor Operation and Control Simulator code described on Reference 4.1.) Note that the bases for Technical Specification 3.1.2.7 require a cooldown following xenon decay. As a result, borations requirements are independent of cooldown rate for the Modes 5 and 6 analysis.

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FIGURE 2-2 EFFECT OF COOLDOWN RATE ~

ON BORATION REQUIREMENTS 400 350 -

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For the purpose of setting the minimum Technical Specification boric acid makeup tank inventory requirements in Modes 1, 2,' 3, and 4, reactor coolant system boron concentration data was used that was based upon an overall cooldown rate of 12.5 degree per hour. This slow cooldown rate was chosen in order to be consistent with the time frames specified in Section 6.2 of Reference 4.3 for reactor vessel upper head cooldown.

Specifically, 26.7 hours8.101852e-5 days <br />0.00194 hours <br />1.157407e-5 weeks <br />2.6635e-6 months <br /> was required in order to take the plant from hot standby conditions to cold shutdown as shown in Table 2-1 (p. 2-7). For additional conservatism, 2.1 hours1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> was added to this number to arrive at a final total of 28.8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br />. An overall cooldown rate, therefore, of 12.5 degrees per hour was required to cool the plant from an average coolant temperature of 560 degrees to an average coolant temperature of 200 degrees in 28.8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br />.

2.2.3 Applicability to Future Reload Cycles

(

\ To ensure that the current analysis would be valid for future cycles, data from Waterford 3 Cycle 2 was bounded by conservative data that should bound future Extended Fuel Cycle core reloads. Note that the boration requirements used to bound Cycle 2 are greater than those that bound typical 3410 class plants Extended Fuel Cycle Programs. Therefore, conservatively bounding data for Cycle 2 was employed in the calculations performed in Section 2.3 and 2.4. While this calculation should bound future cycles this calculation must be reviewed to ensure that it bounds future reload cycles.

1 2.2.4 Boron Mixing in the RCS and in the Pressurizer Throughout the plant cooldowns performed in Section 2.3 and Section 2.4 below, a constant pressurizer level was always assumed, i.e., plant operators charged to the RCS only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction. The driving force is small, in this situation, for the mixing of fluid between the reactor coolant system and the pressurizer.

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Table 2-1 .

i 4

Time Frames for Determining an Overall RCS Cooldown Rate Initial Hot Standby hold 4.0 hours l period (*)

Plant cooldown from 560 to 4.4 hours 340 degrees (#)

Hold period for cooling the 15.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> .

} reactor vessel upper head Plant cooldown from 340 2.8 hours l

() to 200 degrees (#)

Additional conservatism 2.1 hours i

Total 28.8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> l

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(*) Per the requirements of Branch Technical Position (RSB) 5-1.

(#) Assume an average cooldown rate of 50 degrees per hour during this time period. _

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2-7

.m y-4 As a conservatism, however, complete and instantaneous mixing was assumed between all makeup fluid added to the reactor coolant system through the loop charging nozzles and the pressurizer. Further, various pressure reductions were performed during the plant cooldown process as indicated in Section 2.4. These pressure reductions are necessary since the shutdown cooling system is a low pressure system and is normally aligned at or below an RCS pressure of 350 psia. Typically, such depressurizations are performed using the auxiliary pressurizer spray system under conditions where the reactor coolant pumps are not running.

As an added conservatism in the Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 analysis, any boron added to the pressurizer via the spray system was assumed to stay in the pressurizer and not be available for mixing with the fluid in the remainder of the RCS.

2.3 B0 RATED WATER SOURCES - SHUTDOWN (MODES 5 AND 6) 2.3.1 Boration Requirements for Modes 5 and 6 As stated in the plant Technical Specifications, the boration capacity required below a reactor coolant system average temperature of 200 degrees is based upon providing a 2% delta k / k shutdown margin following xenon decay and a plant cooldown from 200 degrees to 140 degrees. From this basis the required RCS boron concentration was determined using the computer code of Reference 4.1 and the results are contained in Table 2-2 (p.2-9). The results contained in Table 2-2 are plotted as the 2.0%

shutdown curve in Figure 2-3 (p. 2-10). Note that a total boron concentration increase of 27 ppm was required for the cooldown.

I 2.3.2 Assumptions Used in the Modes 5 and 6 Analysis i

l A complete-list of assumptions and initial conditions used,in calculating the minimum boric acid makeup tank inventory requirements for Modes 5 and 6 is contained in Table 2-3 (p.2-11) . In the process of taking the plant 2-8

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Table 2-2 ,

Required Boron Concentration for a Cooldown from 200 Degrees to 140 Degrees Temperature Concentration (0}

(Degrees F) (ppm boron) 200 663 l-t' 190 667 180 672 170 677 O 160 681 150 686 140 690

(@) Based upon a 2.0% delta k / k shutdown margin after xenon decay.

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Initial Conditions and Assumptions Used in the Modes 5 and 6 Calculation 3

a. Reactor coolant system volume = 10,300 ft ,

b. Reactor coolant system pressure = 350 psia.

c. Pressurizer level -450 fL (30% level).

4 d. Pressurizer is saturated.

e. Zero reactor coolant system leakage,

f. Boration source concentration = 2.25 weight % boron.

g. Boration source temperature = 70 degrees.

h. Initial reactor coolant system concentration = 663 ppm boron.

1. Initial pressurizer concentration = 663 ppm boron.

j. Complete and instantaneous mixing between the pressurizer and the reactor i coolant system. (Refer to discussion on Section 2.2.4 above).

i

k. Constant pressurizer level maintained during the plant cooldown, i.e.,

charge only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction.

l 3

1. Total system volume (RCS + SDCS + PZR) = 21, 050 ft . (See discussion in Section 2.3.2).

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from hot standby to cold shutdown, the shutdown cooling system (SDCS) will normally be aligned when the RCS temperature and pressure have been

- lowered to approximately 350 degrees and 350 psia. As shown in the next Section, the total system volume, i.e., RCS volume plus PZR volume plus SDCS volume, is required to be known for the Modes 5 and 6 analysis. The exact volumes of the reactor coolant system and the pressurizar are known. The exact volume of the shutdown cooling system, however, is not known. (Best estimate calculations for this volume have yielded values from approximately 2500 ft3 to approximately 3000 ft3 ). For the purpose of the analysis in the following Section, the volume of the shutdown cooling system will be chosen conservatively large so as to yield conservative results with respect to minimum boric acid makeup tank inventory requirements. .

The exact system volume used in the Modes 5 and 6 calculation is as follows:

O 2 x (RCS volume) + (PZR volume at 30% level),

l or 3 3 2(10,300 f 3t ) + (0.30 x 1500 f t ) = 21,050 f t ,

2.3.3 Modes 5 and 6 Analysis Results As stated in Section 2.3.1, the boration capacity required below a reactor coolant system average temperature of 200 degrees is based upon providing a 2.0 delta k / k shutdown margin following xenon decay and a plant cooldown from 200 degrees to 140 degrees. The operating scenario that will be employed for the purpose of determining reactor coolant system baron concentration and ensuring that proper shutdown margin will be maintained is as follows:

O 2-12

(

t Option 1:

A. The system is initially at 200 degrees and 350 psia. Initial concentration in the reactor coolant system, pressurizer, and in the shutdown cooling system is initially 663 ppm boron. (See Table 2-3 for a complete list of assumptions).

B. Perform a plant cooldown from an average temperature of 200 degrees to an average temperature of 140 degrees using a borated water source at 2.25 weight % boron and at 70 degrees. Charge only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction.

From Equation 2.0 of Appendix 3 and the conversion factor that is derived in Appendix 4, the initial boron mass in the system can be calculated as follows:

663 ppm 20,600 ft + 450 ft O' m ba

= 1748.34 ppm /wt. % 0.01662 ft3/lbm 0.01912 ft /lbm 3

100 - (663 ppm)/(1748.34 ppm /wt. %)

or a

ba

= 4807.7 lbm.

Knowing the initial mass of boron in the system, the exact concentration and makeup requirements can be calculated for each 10 degrees of a l cooldown from 200 degrees to 140 degrees. These values are contained in Table 2-4 (p. 2-15). Equations used to obtain the values shown in Table 2-4 are as follows:

Shrinkage Mass = 20,600 (1/v - 1/v )

f 1 Water Vol. = (Shrinkage Mass) / (8.329 lbm/ gallon)(2)

Boric Acid Added = (Water Vol.) x (0.19172 lbm/ gallon) (}

(2) Water density at 55 degrees.

. (3) See Appendix 3 for values of dissolved boric acid in water.

2-13

Total Boric Acid = (Initial Boric Acid) + (Boric Acid Added) ,

Total System Mass = (Total Initial Mass) + (Shrinkage Mass) +

(Boric Acid Added)

}

Final Conc. = (Total Boric Acid)(100)(1748.34) .

(Total System Mass)

C Note that the initial total system mass of 1,267,813.8 lba in Table 2-4 was obtained as follows:

(Initial Boric Acid) + (Initial systam Water Mace) +

(Pressurizer Water Mass)

= 4807.71bm + (20,600 3ft / 0.01662 ft 3/lba) +

(450 ft3 / 0.01912 ft /lba)

The boration results from the system from the system cooldown from 200 to 140 degrees are plotted as the actual concentration curve in figure 2-3 (p.2-10). As can be seen from this figure, a shutdown margin of greater than the required 2.0% delta k / k'was maintained throughout the evaluation. A concentration of 2.25 weight % boron was therefore specified in Technical Specification 3.1.2.7. the minimum volume that should be specified in this Technical Specification is 4150 gallons.

This volume was determined as follows:

Makeup volume ( } 3.101.9 gallons Arbitrary amount 1,000.0 gallons for conservatism Total 4,101,9 gallons Round up to nearest 4,150.0 gallons 50 gallons (4) See Appendix 4 for the conversion factor between wt. % and ppm.

(5) Total of values in Water Vol. column of Table 2-4.

2-14

C C O l

1 l TABLE 2 4 l l PLANT C00LDOWN FROM 200 F to 140 F -

BAMT AT 2.25 wt.1 BORIC ACID AT 70 F l I I l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SHRINKAGE BAMT VOL a B/A A00E0 TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS. MASS FINALCONC.l (F) (psia) (cu.f t./lta) MASS (Ltan) 70 F (gal) (Liza) (the) (Lbm> (ppa boren)l l

l Ti Tf Vi Vf l i.....................................................................................................................................;

i 200 0 350 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,807.7 1,267,813.8 663.0l l

200 190 350 0.01662 0.01655 5,242.5 628.2 120.4 4,928.1 1,273,176.7 676.7l l

190 180 350 0.01655 0.01649 4,529.0 542.7 104.0 5,032.2 1,277,809.7 688.5l l

180 170 350 0.01649 0.01643 4,562.1 546.7 104.8 5,137.0 1,282,476.6 700.3l l

170 160 350 0.01543 0.01638 3,827.2 458.6 87.9 5,224.9 1,286,391.7 710.1l l

160 150 350 0.01638 0.01632 4,623.6 554.1 106.2 5,331.1 1,291,121.6 721.9 l l l 150 140 350 0.01632 0.01628 3,101.4 371.6 71.3 5,402.4 1,294,294.2 729.8l l l

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OPTION 2 Feed and Bleed then Cooldown from'RWSP In order to calculate the initial increase in boron concentration during the 1,000 gallon system feed-and-bleed, Equation 9.0 of Appendix 1 will be used with values as follows:

C = 663 ppm C = 1720 ppm h

(20,600 f t3 + 0.01662 f 3t /lbm)(6) + (450 f t3

• 0.01912 ft3/lbm)( )

< 40 gallons 8.3404(8) lbm min gallon T = 3785.8 min (6) Specific volume of compressed water at 200*F and 300 psia (7) Specific volume of saturated water at 350 psia (8) Density of water at 55'F If one charging pump at 40 gpm (as assumed in calculating the value of T above) is used to conduct the 1000 gallon system feed-and-bleed, 25 minutes will be required (40 gpm x 25 min = 1000 gallon). Concentration vs time for a 25 minute feed-and-bleed from equation 9.0 of Appendix D is therefore:

Time Cone 0 663 5 664.4 10 655.8 15 667.2 20 668.8 25 670.0 0

2-16

l i

l The feed-and-blee'd portion of the cooldown process is indicated on Figure 2-4.

As shown concentration was increased from 663 ppm to 670 ppm following the 1000 gallon feed-and-bleed.

From Equation 2.0 of Appendix 3 and the conversion factor derived in Appendix 4, the mass of boron in the system corresponding to a concentration of 670 ppm can be calculated as follows:

CM, ba 100 - C 3 3 3

, [(670 ppm) + (1748.34 ppm /wt.%)] (20,600 ft +0.01662ft /lbm+45010.01912ft /lbm) 100 - (670 ppm)+(1748.34 ppm /wt %)

= 4855.9 lbm Knowing the mass of boron in the system following the feed-and-bleed, the exact concentration and makeup requirements can be calculated for each 10 degrees of a cooldown from 200*F to 140*F. These valves are contained in Table 2-5. The cooldown assumes a constant pressurizer level of 30% (450 ft )

and a constant pressure of 350 psia. In addition, complete mixing between the RCS and the PZR is assumed as discussed in Section 2.4 above. Equations used to obtain the values contained in Table 2-5 are as follows:

Shrinkage mass = 20,600 (1/v g

- 1/v f)

Water Vol. = (Shrinkage mass) * (8.3404 lbm/ gallon)

Boric acid added = (water vol.) (0.08287 lbm/ gallon)

Total boric acid = initial boric acid + boric acid added Total System mass = Total initial mass + shrinkage mass + boric acid added Final concentration = (

• #' ^'} ( ( '* }

Total System Mass 2-17

3

)

The results of the initial system feed-and-bleed plus the plant cooldown are plotted as Curve II in Figure 2-4. Note that throughout the evaluation, a shutdown margin greater than 2.0% AK/K was maintained as required.

The initial total system mass in Table 2-5 of 1,267,802 lbm was obtained as follows:

Initial boric acid mass + initial system water mass + initial PZR water mass =

3 4855.9 lbm + (20,600 f t ) + (0.01662 ft /lbm) + (450 f t ) + (0.01912 f t /lbm)

= 1,267,862.0 lbm i

A RWSP concentration of 1720 ppm will therefore be specified in Technical Specification 3.1.2.7 since the proper shutdown margin could be maintained.

The minimum volume will be specified as follows for the RWSP cooldown.

Feed-and-Bleed Volume -

1000 gallons Makeup Volume -

3101.8 gallons Total -

4101.8 Round up to nearest -

5150 gallons 50 + 1000 gallons With 60,000 gallons of the RWSP unusable the actual required volume in the RWSP at 1720 ppm is 65,150 gallons.

2.4 BORATED WATER SOURCES - OPERATING (MODES 1, 2, 3, and 4) 2.4.1 Boration Requirements for Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 As stated in the plant Technical Specifications, the boration capacity required above a reactor coolant system average temperature of 200 degrees is based upon providing a 2% delta k / k shutdown margin after 2-18

I v

l l TABLE 2 5 l l PLANT C00LD0bal FROM 200 F TO 140 F - RWSP AT 1720 ppm BORON AT 55 F l l 1 l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SNRINKAGE RWSP VOL S S/A ADDED TOTAL 8/A TOTAL SYS. MASS FINALCONC.[

(F) (psia) (cu.ft./thm) MASS (lba) 55 F (gal) (Ltm) (the) (Ltn) (ppeboron)l l

l Ti Tf Vi Vf l j.....................................................................................................................................l 200 200 350 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,855.9 1,267,862.0 669.6l l

l 200 190 350 0.01662 0.01655 5,242.5 628.6 52.1 4,908.0 1,273,156.5 674.0l 7l 190 180 350 0.01655 0.01649 4,529.0 543.0 45.0 4,953.0 4,998.3 1,277,730.5 1,282,337.9 677.7l 681.5l Cl 180 170 350 0.01649 0.01643 4,562.1 3,827.2 547.0 458.9 45.3 38.0 5,036.3 1,286,203.2 684.6l l 170 160 350 0.01643 0.01638 160 150 350 0.01638 0.01632 4,623.6 554.4 45.9 5,082.3 1,290,872.8 688.3l l

150 140 350 0.01632 0.01628 3,101.4 371.8 30.8 5,113.1 1,294,004.9 690.8l l

1 1

I I I I I I I

I I i ,

I I I I .

I I

I e I

I i

I lTOTALBAMTVOLUMEs 0.0 gallons l l l t

O O O FIGURE 2 4 '

RCS BORON CONCENTRATION vs TEMPERATURE 700-l l

2 m

690 -

!  : x

[ S 680 - \

Z s i

wO N bkm H 670 - \ N-1 [ "

! O l z -

i o -

I 1

O

$ 660 - '

l l

I 650 i i i i i i i i i 120 140 160 180 200 220 TEMPERATURE (F)

] o CURVE 1,REQUIREDppm +' CURVE 2.ACTUALppm i

i

- a --

O xenon decay and a plant cooldown to 200 degrees f, rom expected operating conditions. For this analysis, in addition, a shutdown margin of 5.15%

delta k / k is provided at all temperatures above a reactor coolant system average temperature of 200 degrees. From this basis, the required RCS boron concentration was determined using the computer code of Reference 4.1 and the limiting cooldown scenario outlined in Section 2.2.1 above. The results are plotted as the 5.15% shutdown curve in Figure 2-5 (p. 2-25).

2.4.2 Assumptions Used in the Modes 1. 2, 3, and 4 Analysis A complete list of assumptions and initial conditions used in calculating the minimum boric acid makeup tank inventory requirements for Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are contained in Table 2-6 (p. 2-22). Note that f complete and instantaneous mixing between the reactor coolant system and the pressurizer was assumed as stated in Section 2.2.4 for all fluid added to the reactor coolant system via the loop charging nozzles. the mechanism used to implement this assumption in the analysis was to include the pressurizer water mass as part of the total system mass for i the purpose of calculating boron concentration. Specifically, boron concentration in terms of weight fraction is defined as follows:

(boron conc.) = (mass of boron in system),

(total system mass) where, if complete mixing is assumed between the RCS and the pressurizer, the total system mass is the sum of the boron mass in the system, the reactor coolant system water mass, and the pressurizer water mass.

i f

lO

! 2-21

_ , - . _ , _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ . ~ . _ _ _ - - - _ _ , .,

p Table 2-6 .

Initial Conditions and Assumptions Used in the Modes 1, 2, 3, and4 Calculation 3

a. Reactor coolant system volume = 10,300 ft ,

b. Initial reactor coolant system pressure = 2200 psia.

c. Pressurizer level = 600 ft3 (40% level).

d. Pressurizer is saturated.

e. Reactor coolant system depressurization performed as shown in Table 2-7 through Table 2-24.

() f. Zero reactor coolant system Technical Specification leakage.

g. Initial reactor coolant system concentration = 0 ppm.

h. Initial pressurizer concentration = 0 ppm boron.

1 J

i. Complete and instantaneous mixing between the pressurirar and the reactor coolant system. (Refer to discussion on Section 2.2.4 above).

I j. Constant pressurizer level maintained during the plant cooldown, i.e.,

charge only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction.

k. Boron concentration in the SDCS is equal to the boron concentration in the reactor coolant system at the time of shutdown cooling initiation.

1. Letdown is not available.

() m.

n.

RWSP temperature = 55 degrees.

BAMT temperature = 70 degrees.

2-22

, - , - - ---.,---,,,,-----,,nn-----,v---w. -- -r y, u e ,,.-.e--.--,,.----nnn-.--,m _e. - ,,v---,,,,-- ,._ _w,-w---- ,,w,,,, r,v----

O Therefore, the initial total system mass of 498,011.3 lba in Table 2-7 (p. 2-26) through Table 2-24 (p.2-43) was calculated as follows:

Initial boron mass + Initial RCS water mass + Initial PZR water mass, or 3 3 0 + 10,300 ft + 600 ft 0.02166 ft /lbm(9) 0.02669 ft3/lbm(10) 2.4.3 Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 Analysis Results As stated in Section 2.4.1, the boration capacity required below a reactor coolant system average temperature of 200 degrees is based upon providing a 2% delta k / k shutdown margin after xenon decay and a plant

{_

cooldown to 200 degrees from expected operating conditions. In addition, a shutdown margin of 5.15% delta k / k is provided at all temperatures above a reactor coolant system average temperature of 200 degrees. In order to perform a plant cooldown from hot standby conditions to cold shutdown and maintain a shutdown margin of 5.15% delta k / k at each

! temperature above 200 degrees, the following operating scenario will be I employed:

A. Assuming the initial conditions outlined in Table 2-6, perform a plant cooldown starting from an initial RCS average temperature of 560 degrees to a final average system temperature of 200 degrees.

, B. Charge to the RCS only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction. Charge from the BAMTs initially until approximately 500 gallons remains, then switch to the RWSP for the remainder of the cooldown. (Note that 500 gallons is an arbitrary amount chosen

) to account for a certain unusable volume that could exist within the boric acid makeup tanks. .

(9) Specific volume of compressed water at 560 degrees and 2200 psia.

(10) specific volume of saturated water at 2200 psia.

! 2-23 i

O The exact reactor coolant system boron concentration versus temperature for a plant coolant and depressurization from 560' degrees and 2200 psia to 200 degrees 350 psia with a boric acid makeup tank concentration of 3.50 weight percent and a refueling water storage tank concentration of 1720 ppa boron is contained in Table 2-7 (p. 2-26) . These results are plotted as the actual concentration curve in Figure 2-5 (p.2-25). (The exact temperature at which charging pump suction was switched from the BAMrs to the refueling water storage pool (460 degrees in Table 2-7) was determined via an iterative type process. In this process, the smallest boric acid makeup tank volume necessary to maintain the required shutdown margin was calculated for the given set of tank concentrations). Note that at each temperature during the cooldown process, RCS boron concent. ration is greater than that required for a 5.15% delta k / k shutdown margin. Also note in Figure 2-5 that the shutdown margin drops from 5.15% delta k / k to 2.0% delta k / k at an average coolant temperature of 200 degrees. The final concentration required to be O present in the system at the most limiting time in core cycle is 663 ppm boron following xenon decay. Using the scenario outlined on the previous page, the final system concentration will always be at least 123 ppm greater than this amount.

A detailed parametric analysis was performed for the modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 Technical Specification (Specification 3.1.2.8) . In this study, BAMT concentration was varied from 3.25 weight percent boric acid to 2.25 weight percent boric acid and RWSP concentration was varied from 1720 ppm boron to 2300 ppm boron. The results are contained in Table 2-8 (p.

2-27) through Table 2-24 (p.2-43). Equations used to obtain the values in these tables as well as Table 2-7 are as follows:

Shrinkage Mass = 10,300 (1/v - 1/v )

f f BAMT Vol. = (Shrinkage Mass) / (8.3290 lbm/ gallon)(lI)

(11) Density of water at assumed tank temperature.

2-24

4 i

l O O O i FIGURE 2 5 RCS BORON CONCENTRATION

! vs TEMPERATURE for 12.5 F/hr COOLDOWN i 900 800 - i 1 m l h E

700 -

1 l O e i

8 600 -

i E

! o.

S 500 -

! z 9 400 -

l i

'?E yE

$ 300 -

0

$ 200 -

U 100 - ,

m O-d.

-100 i i i i i i i

-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 TEMPERATURE (F) o CURVE 1.REQUIREDppm + CURVE 2.ACTUALppm I

. _l

. _ - . . ~ _ _ _ . - - . . . - . - . - . - . - - - . - . - - . - - -_ - -- - -- . . - ~ . -.

\ \

i i

TABLE 2-7 l

} l PLANT rnmamm Fa0N 560 F TO 200 F; BANT AT 3.5o wt1 BORIC ACIO; BWSP AT 1720 ppe sonou l

[ l I

I lAws.SYS.TEW. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC WOLLSE SNRINKAGE BANT WOL a RWSP WOL a S/A A00E0 TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FluhLCouC.l

] (psie) (cu.ft./lba) MAS $(the) 7o F (est) 55 F (get) (the) (Ltum) (lba) (ppmboren)l i l (F) l Ti Tf VI Vf l

i.....................................................................................................................................l 0.0 0.0 o.o 0.0 o.o 49a,011.3 o.ol

} l 560 56o 2200 1.00000 1.00000

sao 542.s 2200 0.021e 0.0212s a 491.6 1,oi9.s 0.0 30a.0 30a.0 506,a10.9 106.2l l

542.s 53s 2200 o.02 2a o.02094 7,859.o 943.6 0.0 2as.0 593.o 514,954.9 201.3l l l 53s s22.s 2200 0.02094 0.02062 7,633.s 916.5 0.o 276.9 a69.9 s22,a65.3 290.9l l

522.s sio 2200 0.o2062 0.02032 7,374.7 aas.4 o.0 267.s 1,137.4 530,s07.s 374.sl l

510 497.s 2200 0.02032 0.0200s 6,a2s.9 a19.5 0.0 247.6 1,3a4.9 537,sa1.0 450.4l l

497.5 4as 2200 0.0200s 0.01980 6,4a6.3 TTs.a 0.0 235.3 1,620.2 544,302.6 520.4l 4 l 4as 472.s 2200 o.oi9a0 0.01956 6,3a2.s ru.3 0.0 231.s i,asi.7 550,916.9 sar.6 l i l

! sn.s 46o 2200 0.0i956 0.01933 6,26s.6 752.3 0.o 227.3 2,079.0 ss7,409.a 6s2.1l l

46o 442.5 1300 0.01933 0.0192s 2,214.4 0.0 265.s 22.0 2,101.0 563,609.3 651.7l l

'? l 442.5 43s 1300 0.0192s 0.01904 5,901.5 0.o 707.6 5a.6 2,159.6 569,569.4 m2.9l

{ g l 43s 422.s i300 0.0i904 0.01 ass s 4s2.7 0.0 653.s 54.2 2,213.a 57s,o76.2 5s1,214.6 673.ol 422.s 41o a00 0.01 ass o.01s72 3,794.6 0.0 45s.0 37.7 2,251.s 677.3 l

, l 410 397.s a00 0.0ian 0.0iss4 s,341.9 0.0 640.s 53.1 2,304.4 sa6,609.s 6a6.9l l l I 397.5 3as a00 0.01854 0.01a37 5,141.2 o.0 616.4 51.1 2,3ss.4 591,a01.s 695.9l l

3as 372.5 800 0.01:37 0.01a20 s,237.3 0.0 627.9 s2.o 2,407.7 597,091.1 705.0l l

372.s 36o 350 0.01a20 0.01809 3,441.3 0.0 412.6 34.2 2,441.9 603,19a.0 707.al t l j l 360 347.s sso o.0iao9 0.01794 4.760.7 0.o s70.a 47.3 2,4a9.2 60a 00s.9 ris.al 347.5 33s 3s0 0.01794 0.0 ira 0 4 sis.7 0.0 541.4 44.9 2,534.o 612,5s.s 723.2l l l sss 322.s 350 o.017a0 0.01766 4,sar.3 0.0 550.0 45.6 2,579.4 617,199.3 730.7 l ,

t l 322.s sto 350 o.017a o.01753 4,325.2 0.0 51a.6 43.o 2,622.4 621,567.s 737.7l j l 310 2as 3s0 o.017s3 o.0in9 a,1ss.9 0.o 977.9 a1.0 2,703.6 629,a04.s 750.sl y

l 2as 260 350 0.0in9 0.01707 7,677.7 o.0 920.s 76.3 2,779.9 637,ssa.4 762.3l l l 26o 23s 350 o.01707 o.016a7 7,1ss.s 0.0 as7.7 71.1 2,a51.0 644,7a3.o 773.1 l g l

23s 210 350 0.01687 0.01669 6,5s4.7 0.o 7a9.5 65.4 2,916.4 6st,433.2 7a2.7 l

210 200 350 o.01669 0.01662 2,s99.2 0.0 311.6 2s.s 2,942.2 6s4,osa.3 7a6.5l l

l l

I i

I I

lTOTALSANTWOL= 6,as1.9 gallons l I

I

! l l

f.

l

l m d V l TABLE 2-8 l l PLANT C00LDOWN FROM $60 F TO 200 F; SANT AT 3.25 wt% 00RIC ACID; RWSP AT 1720 ppm BORON l l 1 l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC v0LLsIE SNRINKAGE SAMT WOL a RWSP VOL a 3/A ADOED TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FINALCONC.l l (F) (psia) (cu.f t./ttum) MASS (Ltm) 70 F (gal) 55 F (gal) (Ltm) (Ltun) (Lbm) (ppeboron)l l Ti Tf Vi Vf l l.....................................................................................................................................;

[ 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l ,

560 535 2200 0.02166 0.02094 16,350.6 1,963.1 0.0 549.3 549.3 514,911.2 186.5 l l

l 535 51G 2200 0.02094 0.02032 15,008.2 1,801.9 0.0 504.2 1,053.4 530,423.5 347.2l l 510 485 2200 0.02032 0.01980 13,312.3 1,598.3' O.0 447.2 1,500.6 544,183.0 482.1l 485 460 2200 0.01980 0.01933 12,648.5 1,518.6 0.0 424.9 1,925.5 557,256.3 604.1 l l

l 460 455 2200 0.01933 0.01925 2,214.4 265.9 0.0 74.4 1,999.9 559,545.1 624.9l l 455 446 2200 0.01925 0.01910 4,202.1 504.5 0.0 141.2 2,141.0 563,888.4 663.8l l 446 435 1300 0.01910 0.01904 1,699.4 0.0 203.8 16.9 2,157.9 569,567.7 662.4l l 435 372.5 800 0.01904 0.01820 24, % 7.7 0.0 2,993.6 248.1 2,406.0 597,089.5 704.5 l m l 3 72.5 360 350 0.01820 0.01809 3,441.3 0.0 412.6 34.2 2,440.2 603,1 % .3 707.3 l k l 360 285 350 0.01809 0.01729 26,344.7 0.0 3,158.7 261.8 2,702.0 629,802.8 750.1 l

" 285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,778.2 147.4 2,849.3 644,781.3 772.6l l

l 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 91.3 2,940.6 654,056.6 786.0l l l l TOTAL BAMT v0LtJME 7,652.3 gallms l 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I O

c

j }

\.s g l TAdLE 2 9 l PLANT COOLDOWN FROM 560 F To 200 F; BAMT AT 3.0 wtX BORIC ACID; RWSP AT 1720ppe BORON j l

i l l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SNRINEAGE BAMT VOL a RWSP VOL 3 B/A ADDED TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS. MASS FINALCONC.l (F) (psia) (cu.ft./lbm) MASS (lba) 70 F (gal) 55 F (gal) (lba) (Ltum) (ths) (ppmboren)l l

l Ti Tf VI Vf l l.....................................................................................................................................l 0.0 498,011.3 l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 l 560 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 31,358.8 3,765.0 0.0 969.9 M9.9 530,340.0 319.7l l

l 510 460 2200 0.02032 0.01933 25,960.7 3,116.9 0.0 802.9 i,772.8 557,103.6 556.3l 460 440 2200 0.01933 0.01900 9,254.8 1,111.2 0.0 286.2 2,059.0 566,644.6 635.3l l

440 427.5 2200 0.01900 0.01881 5,475.8 657.4 0.0 169.4 2,228.4 572,289.8 680.8l l

427.5 420 1300 0.01881 0.01881 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,228.4 576,252.8 676.1l l

420 372.5 800 0.01881 0.01820 18,353.0 0.0 2,200.5 182.4 2,410.7 597,094.2 705.9l l

372.5 360 350 0.01820 0.01809 3,441.3 0.0 412.6 34.2 2,444.9 603,201.0 708.6l l

360 285 350 0.01809 0.01729 26,344.7 0.0 3,158.7 261.8 2,706.7 629,807.5 751.4l l

285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,778.2 147.4 2,854.0 644,786.1 773.9 l l

ru 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 91.3 2,945.3 654,061.3 787.3l l

L i

• l l TOTAL BAMT WOLUME= 8,650.5 gations l l l l l l l G

/

l TA8LE 2-10 l l PLAuf C00LDonal FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 2.75 wtX BORIC ACID; RWSP AT 1720ppe BORON l l l lAwG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SNRINKAGE BANT VOL a RWSP VOL a 5/A ADDED TOTAL S/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FINALCONC.l (F) (psia) (cu.ft./lbs) MASS (thm) 70 F (gel) 55 F (get) (the) (thm) (Ltus) (ppmboron)l l

l Ti Tf VI Vf l j.....................................................................................................................................l l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49s,011.3 0.0l 560 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 si,35a.a 3,765.0 0.0 a86.7 a86.7 530,256.a 292.4 l l

510 421 2200 0.02032 0.01a72 43,323.9 s 201.6 0.0 1225.1 2,111.s 574,80s.a 642.3l 1

421 403 2200 0.01a72 0.01846 7,749.5 930.4 0.0 219.1 2,330.9 Sa2,774.4 699.3l l

403 390 1300 0.01846 0.01a3a 2,42a.6 0.0 291.2 24.1 2,355.1 - 589,190.2 69s.al l

390 372.s 800 0.01 ass 0.01a20 s,542.3 0.0 664.s 55.1 2,410.1 597,093.6 705.7l l

360 350 0.01a20 0.01809 3,441.3 0.0 412.6 34.2 2,444.3 603,200.4 70s.sl l 3 72.5 360 285 350 0.01809 0.01729 26,344.7 0.0 3,15s.7 261.s 2,706.1 629,806.9 751.2l l

2s5 235 350 0.01729 0.016a7 14,ast.2 0.0 1,77s.2 147.4 2,as3.s 644,7as.s 773.7l l

235 200 350 0.016a7 0.01662 9,1a4.0 0.0 1,101.1 91.3 2,944.7 654,060.7 7a7.1l l

7 N

TOTAL BAMT VOLUME = 9,897.0 gations l e 1 l 1 1 I I I I I I I I

' (s~ d(3 l TABLE 2-11 l l PLAlli enm nrm ptCBt 560 F TO 200 F; BAlli AT 2.50 wt1 e0RIC AClo; RWSP AT 1720 ppm 30Rou l l l l AVG.SYS.TEw. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLLAE SaltilIKAGE BAIIT WOL 3 RWSP VOL 3 5/A ADOED TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS. IIASS FillAL COIIC.l (F) (psia) (cu.f t./ttus) IIASS(Ltim) 70 F (gal) 55 F (gal) (ttun) (ttin) (ttim) (ppmboron)l l

l Ti Tf VI Vf l g.....................................................................................................................................l ,

l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l 560 535 2200 0.02166 0.020% 16,350.6 1,%3.1 0.0 419.2 419.2 514,781.1 142.4l l

535 510 2200 0.020% 0.02032 15,008.2 i,801.9 0.0 384.8 804.1 530,174.2 265.2l l

510 485 2200 0.02032 0.01980 13,312.3 1,598.3 0.0 341.3 1,145.4 543,827.7 368.2 l l

485 460 2200 0.01980 0.01933 12,648.5 1,518.6 0.0 324.5 1,469.7 556,800.5 461.5l l

460 435 2200 0.01933 0.01893 11,259.4 1,351.8 0.0 288.7 1,758.4 568,348.6 540.9l l

435 390 2200 0.01893 0.01828 19,347.5 2,322.9 0.0 4%.1 2,254.5 588,192.1 670.1l l

390 368 2200 0.01828 0.01802 8,129.8 976.i 0.0 208.5 2.462.9 5 % ,530.4 721.8l l

368 350 350 0.01802 0.01797 1,590.4 0.0 190.7 15.8 2,478.7 607,037.0 713.9l l

350 285 350 0.01797 0.01729 22,542.6 0.0 2,702.8 224.0 2,702.7 629,803.5 750.3 l l

285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 i .n8.2 147.4 2,850.1 644,782.1 m.8l l

1,101.1 91.3 2,941.3 654,057.3 786.2l 7 l 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 8 I I I

I lTOTALSAMTVOLuptE 11,532.7 sations l I I i l i I I I I

I w

t b

2 r

i I

i l TASLE 2-12 l l

PLANT C00LDonal FRGt 560 F 70 200 F; BAMT AT 2.25 wt% BORIC ACID; RWSP AT 1720 ppe BORON l l

4] I I f l AVG.SYS.TEW. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME StutINKAGE SANT WOL 3 RWSP VOL a 5/A A00ED TOTAL 5/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FINALCONC.l l (F) (psia) (cu.f t./ ttum) MASS (Ltus) 70 F (gat) 55 F (gal) (Ltus) (Ltum) (ttus) (ppeboron)l l Ti Tf VI Vf l j l.....................................................................................................................................l 4

l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l 560 535 2200 0.02166 0.02094 16,350.6 1,963.1 0.0 376.4 376.4 514,738.3 127.8l l

335 510 2200 0.02094 0.02032 15,008.2 i,801.9 0.0 345.5 721.8 530,091.9 238.1l 1

1 510 485 2200 0.02032 0.01980 13,312.3 1,598.3 0.0 306.4 1,028.3 543,710.6 330.6l

! 1

! 485 460 2200 0.01980 0.01933 12,648.5 1,518.6 0.0 291.1 1,319.4 556,650.2 414.4l 1

460 435 2200 0.01933 0.01893 11.259.4 1,351.8 0.0 259.2 1,578.6 568,168.8 485.8l

) l 435 385 2200 0.01893 0.01822 21,203.0 2,545.7 0.0 488.1 2,066.6 589,859.8 612.5l l

385 360 2200 0.01822 0.01792 9,463.9 1,136.3 0.0 217.8 2,284.5 599,541.6 666.2l l

360 315 2200 0.01792 P.01744 15,819.5 1,899.3 0.0 364.1 2,648.6 615,725.3 752.1l l

315 285 350 0.01744 0.01729' 5,123.7 0.0 614.3 50.9 2,699.5 629,800.3 749.4l l

644,778.9 N 285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,778.2 147.4 2,846.9 771.9l

! l 0 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 91.3 2,938.1 654,054.2 785.4l ,

l ~

l i l i I I I lTOTALBAMTVOLUME 13,815.0 galtons l f

I I i l l

l I i l l l

1

' c I

I i

j i

t

% h J O l

I l TA8LE 2-13 l 4 l PLANT C00LDohm FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 3.50 wt1 BORIC ACID; RWSP AT 2000 ppe BORON l I

] lAWG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SNRINKAGE SAMT VOL 3 RWSP VOL 3 B/A A00E0 TOTAL 8/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FINALCONC.l 1 [ (F) (psia) (cu.f t./ttum) MASS (Ltun) 70 F (set) ss F (gal) (thm) (ttum) (Ltun) (ppuiboron)l l l Ti Tf Vi Vf l l.....................................................................................................................................l ,

l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l 560 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 31,358.8 3,76s.0 0.0 1,137.4 1,137.4 s30,507.s 374.8l

l sto 4m 2200 0.02032 0.01951 2i,044.6 2.s26.7 0.0 763.3 1,900.7 5s2,31s.4 601.6l l l 4m 43s 1300 0.019s1 0.01904 13.032.0 0.0 1,562.s iso.a 2,0si.s s69,461.2 629.8l l l 43s 372.5 800 0.01904 0.01820 24,% 7.7 0.0 2,993.6 288.9 2,340.4 597,023.8 685.4l l l 3s0 0.01s20 0.01753 21,630.1 0.0 2,s93.4 250.3 2,s90.7 621,s3s.6 72a.7l l l 3 72.s 310 310 23s 3s0 0.017s3 0.016a7 22,9e7.i 0.n 2,756.1 266.0 2,as6.s 654,7as.7 774.6l l

23s 200 350 0.016sr 0.01662 9,1a4.0 0.0 1,101.1 106.3 2,962.9 6s4,07s.9 792.0l

! l l l l TOTAL BAMT VOLUME = 6,291.7 gattons l m i I i O m I I I I I I I

! l l

1 4

} c=

i i

i I

( (

i n

l TABLE 2-14 l

) PLANT tm00hal FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 3.25 wt130RIC ACID; RWSP AT 2000 ppm 80A0N l l

l 1 lAWG.SYS.TEtr. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLlaeE SlutlieKAGE SANT WOL 8 RWSP WOL 8 5/A ADDED TOTAL B/4 TOTAL SYS. leASS FINALCONC.l (ppeboren)l

! l (F) (psla) (cu.ft./ttn) MASS (the) 70 F (get) 55 F (gel) (llan) (Ltm) (tha) l Ti Tf VI Vf l j.....................................................................................................................................l l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l 560 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 31,358.8 3,765.0 0.0 1,053.4 1,053.4 530,423.5 347.2l l

510 458 2200 0.02032 0.01930 26,789.0 3,216.4 0.0 899.9 1,953.3 558,112.4 611.9l l

458 435 i300 0.01930 0.0i904 7.287.6 0.0 873.8 84.3 2,037.6 569.447.4 625.6l l

j 435 372.5 800 0.01904 0.01820 24, % 7.7 0.0 2,993.6 288.9 2,326.6 597,010.1 681.3l l

372.5 360 350 0.01820 0.01809 3,441.3 0.0 412.6 39.8 2,366.4 603,122.5 686.0l

1 360 235 350 0.01809 0.01687 4t,175.9 0.0 4,936.9 476.5 2,842.8 644,774.9 770.9l l l j 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 106.3 2,949.1 654,065.2 788.3l l

i I i

lTOTALBAMTWOLimeE 6,981.4 gattons l l l l

~

e W

W i

1 l

1 l -

i i.

1 1

l .

j l

4 -

s l

) l TAaLE 2-1s l PLANT C00LDonal FRon s6e F To 200 F; BAMT AT 3.oo utt 30RIC ACID; kWSP AT 20o0 ppm 30AoM l l l l 1 j lAWG.SYS.TEp. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC WoLLsIE $NRINKAGE BAMT WoL a RWSP WoL a B/A AeoED TOTAL 8/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FIIIAL CONC.l l -(F) (psie) (cu.ft./ths) MASS (the) To F (get) ss F (gal) (the) (Ltus) (Ltum) (ppmbaron)l l

• l Ti Tf VI Vf l j l.....................................................................................................................................l l l 56o 56o 2200 1.conco 1.0000o o.o 0.0 o.o o.0 o.o 498,o11.3 o.ol

I 560 sio 220e e.ozi a o.ozosz si.ssa.a 3,76s.o o.o 969.9 969.9 55o.34o.o 3

9.7l I sio uz 22co o.ozosa o.oi,o5 34,36o.9 4,12s.s o.o 1,o6z.7 2,o32.6 56s 76s.6 6as.tl uz 450 ison o.oisas o.oise6 1,9es.3 o.o 259.6 25.1 2.oss.7 571,74a.i 6as.6l j l 45o 372.s ano a.oise6 o.oisao zz,6as.1 o.o 2,719.9 262.s z,sia.z 597,o01.7 67s.,l j l sso a.oiazo o.oiso9 o.o uz.6 39.a z.ssa.o 60s,ii4.2 6as.6l 1 l 372.s 360 3,ui .s j 360 ass sso o.oiao9 o.oi6s7 41,175.9 o.o 4.956.9 476.s 2, ass.s 644,766.6 76s.6l l

ass zoo sso a.o16a7 o.o1M2 9,1a4.0 o.o 1,1o1.1 106.3 2,94o.a 654,os6.a 7a6.1l 1 l I

! I

lToTALsAmrVolunE 7,a90.s estion. l l I 1, n 1 e A

l l .

1 1

1 l

l i

l t

1

O C J l TABLE 2-16 l l PLANT rnns pram FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 2.75 wt100RIC ACID; RWSP AT 2000 ppe 30Ron l I i l l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SNRINKAGE BAMT VOL 3 RWSP VOL a 3/A ADDED TOTAL B/4 TOTAL SYS. MASS FINALCONC.l '

(F) (psla) (cu.f t./ ttum) MASS (Lbs) 70 F (gal) ss F (gal) (Ltin) (Ltus) (Ltim) (ppeboron)l l

, l Ti Tf VI Vf l g.....................................................................................................................................l l l 56o 56o 2200 1.00000 1.0000o o.o o.0 o.o o.o a.o 498,o11.2 o.ol I 560 48s 2200 o.02ia o.o1980 44,671.1 5,363.3 a.o 1,263.2 1,263.2 543,96s.6 4a.ol 48s 4ir 2200 0.o198o 0.018 a 31,78o.8 3,81s.7 c.o 898.7 2,161.8 576,62s.1 6ss.s l l

} 417 410 1300 0.01866 0.01866 a.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,161.8 580,s88.1 651.0l l

410 sn.s 800 a.o18 a o.oiazo 13,9s1.2 0.0 1,672.7 161.4 2,323.3 597,006.8 680.4 l 1 l 350 0.o1820 0.01729 29,786.0 0.0 3,s71.3 344.7 2,667.9 629,768.8 740.7l l l 3 72.s 28s 28s 23s 3so a.otn9 a.o1687 14,831.2 o.o 1,n8.2 m.6 2,839.6 a 4, m .6 no.o l l l 23s 200 350 0.01687 0.o1662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 106.3 2,945.8 6s4,o61.9 787.4l l

1 I l

l lTOTALBAMTVOLUME 9,179.0 gallons l I I I t

N e

LJ

! LU i

f 1

4 l

l

f 4

( ( (n) v TABLE 2-17 l l

l Ptaaf CocEDost FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 2.5 wt1 DORIC ACID; RWSP AT 2000 ppe somos l

I 1

l l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLtmE SNRIINCAGE - BA7.T WOL a RWSP VOL a S/A ADDED TG AL B/A TOTAL STS. MASS FINALCONC.l (F) (psia) (cu.ft./ths) MASS (Ltm) 70 F (gal) 55 F (gal) (Ltm) (Ltm) (Ltm) (ppeboron)l l

I

{ 11 Tf VI Vf l -

[.....................................................................................................................................l 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l

.l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.r3 560 535 2200 0.02166 0.02094 16,350.6 1,963.1 0.0 419.2 419.2 514,781.2 142.4l l

535 510 2200 0.02094 0.02032 15,008.2 1,801.9 0.0 384.8 804.1 530,174.2 265.2l l

510 485 2200 0.02032 0.01980 13,312.3 1,598.3 0.0 341.3 1,145.4 543,827.8 368.2l l l j 485 435 2200 0.01980 0.01893 23,907.9 2,870.4 0.0 613.0 1,758.4 568,348.6 540.9l

' 590,732.4 l 435 383 2200 0.01893 0.01820 21,824.2 2,620.3 0.0 559.6 2,318.0 686.0l l 383 360 350 0.01820 0.01809 3,441.3 0.0 412.6 39.8 2,357.8 603,113.9 683.5l l

360 285 350 0.01809 0.01729 26,344.7 0.0 3,158.7 304.8 2,662.6 629,763.5 739.2l ,

l j 285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,778.2 171.6 2,834.3 644,766.3 768.5l 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 106.3 2,940.5 654,056.6 786.0l l

l l

lTOTALBAMTVOLUME 10,854.0 gattons l g

I L

cn i

e=, 1 e

m T

IL '. -

1 i

l TA8LE 2 ta l l'

l PUWT COOLDOWN FAGN 560 F 70 200 F; BANT AT 2.2s wt150RIC ACID; RWSP AT 2000 ppm 30nou l l l lAUG.SYS. TEM. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLL54E SNRINKAGE BANT WOL a RWSP WOL a 3/A ADDED TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FluALCouC.l l (F) (psis) (cu.f t./Ltum) MASS (Ltum) 70 F (get) 5s F (get) (thm) (the) (thm) (ppehoren)l

, l Ti Tf VI Vf l

, l.....................................................................................................................................g j l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49a,011.3 0.0l ,

j l 560 510 2200 0.02su 0.02032 si,3sa.a 3,765.0 0.0 rat.s 721.a 530.092.0 23a.1l 510 460 2200 0.02032 0.01933 25,960.7 3,116.9 0.0 597.6 1,319.4 5s6,650.3 414.4 l l

I 460 ses 2200 0.01933 0.01a22 32,462.4 3,a97.5' O.0 747.2 2,066.6 Sa9,as9.a 612.5l 3a5 360 2200 0.01:22 0.01792 9,43.9 1,136.3 0.0 217.a 2,2a4.5 599,541.6 666.2l j l j 360 326 2200 0.01792 0.0175s 12.117.a 1,454.9 0.0 27s.9 2,563.4 611,93a.4 732.4 l l

l 326 2a5 350 0.0175s 0.01729 a,a25.5 0.0 1,0sa.2 102.1 2,as.5 629.7s .4 740.0l 2as 235 350 0.01729 0.016a7 14.a31.2 0.0 1.na.2 171.6 2,a37.2 644,769.2 769.3l l

23s 200 350 0.016a7 0.0ta2 9,ia4.0 0.0 1,101.1 106.3 2,943.4 6s4,0s9.5 7a6.ai l

I l luTAL sANT v0LUME 13,370.6 gattons l

! I i 1

, N i I I (4 I N i

e 4i C

l i t

_3._ _

O v l TABLE 2-17 l PLANT C00LDobal FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 3.5 utX BORIC ACIO; RWSP AT 2300 ppa s0RON l l

I l

PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLlsqE SNRINEAGE BAMT WOL S RWSP VOL a S/A A00ED TOTAL S/A TOTAL SYS. M4SS FINALCCMC.)

{ AVG.SYS. TEMP.

(t) (pela) (cu.ft./ths) MASS (the) 70 F (gel) 55 F (pal) (the) (Ltus) (lba) (ppeboren)l l l l Ti Tf VI Vf l g....................................................................................................................................l l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 496,011.3 0.0l 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 31,358.8 3,765.0 0.0 1,137.4 1,137.4 530,5 W.5 374.8l l 560 482.5 2200 0.02032 0.01975 14,629.2 1,756.4 0.0 530.6 1.6do.0 545,667.3 534.4 l l 510 l

460 1300 0.01975 0.01947 7,500.0 0.0 899.2 100.0 1,767.9 557,230.4 554.7l l 482.5 460 435 1300 0.01947 0.01904 11,947.4 0.0 1,432.5 159.3 1,927.2 569,337.0 591.8l l

2,260.0 596,943.5 l l 435 3 72.5 800 0.01904 0.01820 24,967.7 0.0 2,993.6 332.8 661.9l 350 0.01820 0.01780 12,717.6 0.0 1,524.8 169.5 2,429.6 612,462.0 693.5l l 3 72.5 335 629,758.0 335 285 350 0.01780 0.01729 17,068.4 0.0 2,046.5 227.5 2,657.1 737.7l l

350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,T78.2 197.7 2.854.8 644,786.9 774.1l l 285 235 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 122.4 2,9 77.2 654,093.3 795.8l l 235 200 l

l lTOTALBAMTVOLUME 5,521.4 gations . l I

m I L>

m h,

P l

t t

L

v TABLE 2-20 l l

PLANT CooLDonal FROM 56o F TO 20e F; BAMT AT 3.2s wt150RIC ACID; RWSP AT 2300 ppe BORON l l

4 I l l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SNRINEAGE BAMT WoL a R'.'SP VOL a B/A ADoEo TOTAL 5/A TOTAL SYS. 9445$ FINALCONC.l

'(F) (psla) (cu.f t./ttum) MASS (ttan) 7o F (gel) 5s F (gel) (Ltmi) (lba) (Ltmi) (ppeboron)l

, l l Ti Tf VI Vf l l.....................................................................................................................................l l 56o 56o 2200 1.00o00 1.0000o o.o o.o o.o a.o o.o 49s,oti.3 o.ol 56o sto 2200 o.o2i u o.o2o32 si,3sa.a 3.76s.o o.o 1,os3.4 1,os3.4 53o,423.s 347.2l l

sto ses 2200 o.02o32 o.o197a 13,a3a.2 1,661.s o.o 464.9 1,sta.3 544,726.6 4ar.3l

! l 4a4 47o 2200 o.o197a o.oi9si 7,206.4 a65.2 o.o 242.1 1,760.4 ss2,175.1 557.4l l

67o 460 1300 o.01951 o.o1947 1.oa4.6 a.o iso.o 14.s 1,774.s 557,237.2 ss6.al l

46o 43s 130o 0.01947 o.01904 11,947.4 o.0 1,432.s 159.3 1,934.1 569,343.9 593.9l l

43s 372.s ano o.01904 a.ola2e 24,967.7 0.0 2,993.6 332.s 2,266.9 596,95o.4 663.9l l

35o o.oia2e o.otrao 12,717.6 a.o 1,524.s 169.s 2,436.4 612.46a.9 6es.sl l 372.s 33s l 33s 2ss 3so o.oirao o.o1729 ir,osa.4 o.o 2,o46.5 227.s 2,6u.o 629,7a.s 739.6l 2as 23s 350 o.01729 0.016a7 14,831.2 c.o 1,77a.2 197.7 2,861.7 644,793.7 775.9l l

23s 200 350 c.o16a7 o.01662 9,1a4.o o.0 1,101.1 122.4 2,9s4.1 654,100.1 797.6l

l 1

l lToTALBAMTVOLUME 6,291.7 gallons l N I I

I La) i l

i i

l

• i l

l i

i i

p  %

l TA8tE 2 21 l 1 l PLANT COOLDOWN FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 3.00 wt1 BORIC AC10; RWSP AT 2300 ppm BORON l 1 l PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLlaqE SatINEAGE BAMT VOL a RWSP VOL 8 B/A A00E0 TOTAL S/A TOTAL SYS. NASS FINAL DINC.l l AVG.SYS. TEMP.

(F) (pale) (cu.ft./Ltm) MASS (Ltm) 70 F (gel) 55 F (gal) (Ltm) (thm3 (Ltm) (ppeboren)l l

l Ti Tf VI Vf l

! l.....................................................................................................................................;

l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l 560 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 31,358.8 3,765.0 0.0 969.9 969.9 530,340.0 319.7l l

510 455 2200 0.02032 0.01925 28,175.2 3,382.8 0.0 871.4 i,841.3 559,386.6 575.5l l

455 435 1300 0.01925 0.01904 5,901.5 0.0 707.6 78.7 1,919.9 569,329.7 589.6l l

435 3 72.5 800 0.01904 0.01820 24,967.7 0.0 2,993.6 332.8 2,252.8 5% ,936.3 659.8l l

350 0.01820 0.01780 12,717.6 0.0 1,524.8 169.5 2,422.3 612,454.8 691.5l l 3 72.5 335 335 285 350 0.01780 0.01729 17,06s.4 0.0 2,046.5 227.5 2,649.8 629,750.7 735.7l l

285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,778.2 197.7 2,847.5 644,719.6 772.1l 1

l 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 122.4 2,970.0 654,086.0 793.9l l

1 l

lTOTALBAMTVOLUME 7147.797 gations l 1

i N

A b

o j

P 5

i l

j l

a I

I 6 i

l l

\

J l

l 1

, l TABLE 2-22 l l PLANT C00LDOWN FROM 560 F 70 200 F; BAMT AT 2.75 wt1 30RIC ACID; RWSP AT 2300 ppm BOROM l l l l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLLsIE SNRINKAGE BAMT WOL 8 kWSP VOL 3 5/A ADDED TOTAL 5/A TOTAL SYS. MASS FINALCONC.l l (F) (pala) (cu.ft./Lhn) MASS (the) 70 F (gal) 55 F (gal) (Ltm) (Lbs) (Ita) (ppmboron)l l l. Ti Tf VI Vf l j.....................................................................................................................................l l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l 560 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 31,358.8 3,765.0 0.0 886.7 886.7 530,256.9 292.4l l

510 432 2200 0.02032 0.01888 38,661.1 4,641.7 0.0 1,093.2 1,980.0 570,011.2 607.3 l l l

! 432 3 72.5 800 0.01888 0.01820 20,383.2 0.0 2,443.9 271.7 2,251.7 5% ,935.2 659.5l l

372.5 335 350 0.01820 0.01780 12,717.6 0.0 1,524.8 169.5 2,421.2 612,453.7 691.2l j l 335 285 350 0.01780 0.01729 17,068.4 0.0 2,046.5 227.5 2,648.7 629,749.6 735.4l l

l 285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,778.2 197.7 2,846.4 644,778.5 7r1.8l 235 200 350 0.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 122.4 2,968.9 654,084.9 793.6l l

1 l

lTOTALBAMTVOLUNE 8,406.8 gallons l 1

l i m 1

b l

I e

f a

l l

I i 6, ,

• J l TABLE 2 23 l I

l PLANT COOLDOWN FacM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 2.5 wtX BORIC ACID; RWSP AT 2300 ppm SORON l l 1 l AVG.SYS. TEMP. PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLLME SHRINKAGE BANT VOL a RWSP VOL a B/A ADDED TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS. MASS FINALCONC.l l (F) (psia) (cu.ft./Ltm) MASS (ltun) 70 F (get) 55 F (gal) (ltun) (Ltum) (Ltm) (ppeboron)l l Ti Tf vi Vf l l.....................................................................................................................................l l 560 560 2200 1.00000 1.00000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 498,011.3 0.0l l 560 510 2200 0.02166 0.02032 31,358.8 3,765.0 0.0 804.1 804.1 530,174.2 265.2l l 510 395 2200 0.02032 0.01835 54,418.1 6,533.6 0.0 1,395.3 2,199.4 585,987.6 656.2l l 395 372.5 800 0.01835 0.01820 4,626.2 0.0 554.7 61.7 2,261.0 596,944.5 662.2l l 372.5 335 350 0.01820 0.01780 12,717.6 0.0 1,524.8 169.5 2,430.6 612,463.0 693.8l l 335 285 350 0.01780 0.01729 17,068.4 0.0 2,046.5 227.5 2,658.1 629,759.0 737.9 l l 285 235 350 0.01729 0.01687 14,831.2 0.0 1,n8.2 197.7 2,855.8 644,787.9 774.3l l 235 200 350 a.01687 0.01662 9,184.0 0.0 1,101.1 122.4 2,978.2 654,094.3 796.il l 1 lTOTALBAMTVOLUME 10,298.6 gettons l 1 I m i I i

N 1

)

9 F

i o

e

V .

TABLE 2-24 l l

PLANT C00LD0bal FROM 560 F TO 200 F; BAMT AT 2.25 wt1 BORIC ACIO, RWSP AT 2300 ppe BORON l l

l 1

PZR PRESS SPECIFIC VOLUME SNRIINCAGE BAMT VOL. RWSP VOL. B/A A00E0 TOTAL B/A TOTAL SYS MASS FINAL CONC l l AVG.SYS. TEMP (pale) (cu f t/ttan) MASS (Ltum) a 70 F (gal) 855 F (gal) (lba) (ttan) (Lbs) (ppm boron) l l (F)

Ti Tf VI Vf l l

l.....................................................................................................................................l 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49a,011.3 0.0l l 560 560 - 2200 1.00000 1.00000 l 560 510 2200 0.02i66 0.02032 31,35s.a 3,765.0 0.0 721.s 721.a 550,092.0 23a.il 25,960.7 3,116.9 0.0 597.6 1,319.4 556,650.3 414.4l l 510 460 2200 0.02032.0.01933 11,259.4 1,351.s 0.0 259.2 1,57s.6 56a,16a.a sa5.sl

l 460 435 2200 0.01933 0.01a93

' 335 2200 0.01a93 0.01765 39,459.5 4.737.6 0.0 90s.3 2,4a6.9 60s.536.6 714.5l I 435 13,a7s.4 0.0 1,664.0 1a5.0 2,671.9 631,500.5 739.7l j l 335 2a5 350 0.01765 0.01724 13,103.5 0.0 1,571.1 174.7 2.a46.5 644,77s.6 771.9l

I za5 235 350 0.01724 0.016a7 9,1a4.0 0.0 1,101.1 122.4 2,969.0 654,0a5.0 793.6l l 235 200 350 0.016a7 0.01662 l

l lTETALBAMTVOLUME 12,971.4 gattons l I

j l j N l I -

, s.

w 1

s 4

4

]

! o a

.e4 8 E p.i i

4 l

1 1 1

h

(

Table 2-25 Minimum Boric Acid Makeup Tank Volume vs. Stored Boric Acid Concentration for Modes 1, 2, 3, & 4 Minimum Volume (gallons)

BAMT conc RWST @ 1720 ppm RWST @ 2000 ppm RWST @ 2300 ppm 3.50 6881.9 6291.7 5521.4 3.25 7652.3 6981.4 6291.7 i

3.00 8650.5 7890.5 7147.8 l

2.75 9897.0 9179.0 8406.8 2.50 11532.7 10854.0 10298.6 j

2.25 13815.0 13370.6 12971.4 i

t O

2-44

O O O .

FIGURE 2 6 MINIMUM BAMT INVENTORY vs 2

STORED BORIC ACID CONCENTRATION i 16 15 -

14 -

a g 13 -

=

12 -

i Wi

2c 11 -

! m 3E

! b ho# 10 -

l wi l d 9-

! 5 y 8-I 7-N ,

6-i '

1 5 i , , , i i i iiiiiii,,i i

2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 1

i STORED BORIC ACID CONCENTRATION (wt. N)

RWSP 1720 ppm. + RWSP 2OOOppm> o RWSP 23OOppm l

l n

RWSP Vol. = (Shrinkage Mass ) / (8.3404 lbm/ gallon)(12)

Boric Acid Added = (BAMT Vol.) x (mass of boric acid / gallon)( }

or .

= (RWSP Vol.) x (mass of boric acid / gallon)( }

(Initial boric Acid) + (Boric Acid Added)

Total Boric Acid =

Total System Mass = (RCS water mass) + (PZR water mass) ( +

(Total boric acid)

Final Conc. = (Total Boric Acid)(100)(1748.34)( )

(Total System Mass)

Note'that the value of the total system mass at any temperature and pressure in Table 2-7 through Table 2-24 can be obtained as follows:

O RCS water mass + PZR water mass + total boric acid = total system mass.

As an example, the value of the total system mass et 200 degrees and 350 a

psia in Table 2-7 was obtained as follows:

3 10,300 ft + 600 ft + 2942.2 lbm 0.01662 ft /lbm( 6) 0.01912 ft 3/lbm(I )

= 654,058.3 lbm I

(12) Density of water at assumed tank temperature. i (13) See Appendix 3 for values of dissolved boric acid in water.

l (14) PZR water mass = (600 ft ) / (specific volume at indicated P, ).

(15) See Appendix 4 for the conversion factor between wt. % and ppm.

(16) Specific volume of compressed <ater at 200 degrees and 350 psia.

(17) Specific volume of saturated water as 350 psia.

2-46

1 CT U

In a similar manner as the results in Table 2-7, the concentration results in Table 2-8 through Table 2-24 were comp'ared to the required concentration at each temperature for a plant cooldown from 560 degrees to 200 degrees. In each case, the actual system boron concentration was greater than that necessary for the required shutdown margin as indicated i

in Figure 2-5. To set the minimum Technical Specification boric acid 4

makeup tank volume corresponding to the various BAMT and RWSP

< concentrations, one thousand gallons was added to the total boric acid makeup tank volume from Table 2-7 through Table 2-24 and the results were rounded up to the nearest fifty gallons. (Note that one thousand gallons is an arbitrary amount added as a conservatism to account for a certain unusable tank volume). This data is shown in Table 2-25 (p.2-44) and.is plotted in figure 2-6 (p.2-45). The curves in Figure 2-6 represent the minimum that should be incorporated into the Unit 3 Cycle 2 Technical Specifications as Figure 3.1-1.

1 2.4.4 Simplification Used Following Shutdown Cooling Initiation In the cooldown and depressurization process assumed in Table 2-7 through Table 2-24, the plant operators must physically align the shutdown cooling system at an RCS temperature and pressure of approximately 350 i degrees and 350 psia. Following this alignment, the volume and mass of I

the system that the operators must contend with during any subsequent cooldowns will obviously increased by the volume and mass associated with the shutdown cooling system. Further, the total boron mass in the system that the operators are now dealing with will also have increased by the amount of boron in the SDCS prior to alignment. In Table 2-7 through 2-24, as a simplification, no attempt was made to factor into the equations the higher total volume and total boron mass that would result when the shutdown cooling system is placed in service. The use of this

, simplification in the Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 calculation can be justified

.l as follows:

2-47 1

-m , --. _m _ . _ . . , , - . . . . . . . . . . . _ - . , . - . , . _ , - - . . , , . _ . _ . . _ , __.- , , . . - . _, .- __ _

4 0)

1. At the time that the shutdown cooling system is aligned, makeup is being supplied from the refueling water storage pool.

Therefore, additional makeup that would be required during the cooldown from 350 degrees to 200 degrees due to a larger system volume will not affect the total BAMT volume requirements.

2. In a cooldown process where an operator is charging only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction, the change in boron concentration within the system is independent of the total system volume, i.e., the final system boron concentration

~

. is not a function of total system volume. (A proof of this statement is contained in Appendix 2).

3. As stated in Table 2-6 (p. 2-22) boron concentration in the SDCS is assumed to be equal to reactor coolant system concentration at the time of shutdown cooling initiation. This

(~

assumption is in fact a conservatism since concentration in that system in most situations will be closer to refueling water storage pool concentration at the time of initiation.

2.5 BORATION SYSTEMS - BASES l The basis for the Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 analysis is stated in Section 2.4.1. above. Section 3/4.1.2 of the plant Technical Specification also states the following:

I The maximum expected boration capacity requirement occurs at EOL l

from full power equilib;.'.am xenon conditions and requires boric acid

. solution from the boric acid makeup tanks in the allowable l

[

concentrations and volumes of Specification 3.1.2.8 plus t

approximately 19,000 gallons of 1720 ppm borated water from the refueling water storage pool or approximately 58,000 gallons of 1720 ppm borated water from the refueling water storage pool alone. ,

2-48 l

l

O The 58,000 gallon volume in section 3/4.1.2 of the plant Technical Specifications was obtained in five parts as show'n below. The final results from each of these parts is contained in Table 2-26 (p. 2-50).

A. Perform a plant cooldown from 560 degrees and 2200 psia to 350 degrees and 350 psia using the RWSP at 1720 ppm boron and 55 degrees. Charge only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction. (See Table 2-6 for complete list of assumptions and initial conditions).

B. At 350 degrees and 350 psia, align shutdown cooling system. Assume that the volume of the shutdown cooling system is 10,300 ft3 ,,

discussed in Section 2.3.2 above. Assume that the concentration of the shutdown cooling system is equal to that of the reactor coolant l system at the time of shutdown cooling initiation.

O C. Continue system cooldown from 350 degrees and 350 psia to 200 degrees and 350 psia using the RWSP. Charge only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction.

j D. AT 200 degrees, perform a system feed-and-bleed using the refueling water storage tank until total boron content is greater than 663 ppm. (This will ensure the proper shutdown margin per Figure 2-5 at 200 degrees).

E. Add volumes from Parts A, B, C, and D and round results up to the nearest 1000 gallons.

The 19,000 gallon volume in Section 3/4.1.2 of the plant Technical

Specifications was obtained by first adding the makeup volume required j for the plant cooldown from 560 degrees to 350 degrees, Part A above, to i the makeup volume required for the cooldown from 350 degrees to 200 degrees, Parts B & C above, and then subtracting the smallest boric acid O' makeup tank inventory value from Table 2-25. This result was then rounded up to the nearest 1000 gallons as shown in Table 2-27 (P. 2-51).

l 2-49 l

O Table 2-26 Calculation of the 50,000 Gallon Volume In Specification 3/4.1.2 12,507.9 gallons Cooldown to 350 degrees and 350 psia (Part A) 11,164.3 Cooldown to 200 degrees on shutdown cooling (Parts B & C) 33,600.0 System feed-and-bleed (Part D) 57,272.2 gallons Total 58,000 gallons Final volume (Part E)

I i

e O l l

l 2-50 j J

,- e --,,---,,-,w,- ,,,--,,----e-,

, , - - , , - - - , ,,,---r-,,e ,,--rce,,, , - - - - ----,n, - - - - - --we-,,-,, - - , ,,, - - , -_ - , _,,- - , _ _ , , -

l

O Table 2-27 4

Calculation of the 19,000 Gallon Volume In Specification 3/4.1.2 12,507.9 gallons cooldown to 350 degrees and 350 psia (Part A)

+11.164.3 Cooldown to 200 degrees on shutdown cooling (Parts B & C)

- 5,550.0 Smallest BAMT inventory value from Table 2-25 i

' O 18,172.2 gallons Total 19,000 gallons Total rounded up to the nearest 1000 gallons i

i t

l -

l 2-51 i

(

l 2.6 RESPONSE TO REVIEW QUESTIONS This Section of the report details the responses to the typical questions asked during the review of the Technical Specifications.

Question 1: What are the uncertainties and conservatisms associated with the two curves shown in Figure 2-5 of CEN-341(C)?

Response to Question 1:

The lower curve in figure 2-5 of CEN 341(C) represents an upper bound on the concentration required to be present in the reactor coolant system for a 5.15% shutdown margin at the indicated temperatures. In the computer analysis that was performed to generate this curve, appropriate analytical and measurement uncertainties as well as appropriate conservatisms were included to ensure that an upper bounding curve was O' obtained. The major uncertainties and conservatisms that were factored into the 5.15% shutdown curve of figure 2-5 are as follows:

1. Initial scram is assumed to take place from the hot full power PDIL (power dependent insertion limit) to all rods in, with the worst case rod stuck in the full out position.

2. Scram worth: -4% bias, f; 9% uncertainty,

3. Moderator cooldown uncertainty _+_ 10%,

4. Doppler cooldown uncertainty j; 15%, and

5. Boron measurement uncertainty j; 50 ppm boron.

t

6. The time constant for xenon decay at 26 hours3.009259e-4 days <br />0.00722 hours <br />4.298942e-5 weeks <br />9.893e-6 months <br /> is chosen to be conservatively large.

2-52 l

l (3

V Since appropriate analytical and measurement uncertainties as well as appropriate conservatisms associated with the ana' lysis were factored into the lower curve in Figure 2-5, it is not necessary to factor any additional n certainties or conservatisms directly into the upper curve

.ehown in that figure. Although no additional uncertainties were included in the upper curve, the cooldown scenario followed by the operators was specifically chosen to be conservative such that the actual concentration curve in Figure 2-5 in effect represents a lower bound on the boron concentration that can be achieved by an operator given a certain boric acid makeup tank (BAMT) level and boron content. Specifically, conservatisms in the cooldown scenario were insured in two ways. First, the cooldown was conducted assuming a constant pressurizer level, i.e.,

plant operators charged to the reactor coolant system only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction. As a result, boron concentration in the in the reactor coolant system can be increased above the upper curve in Figure 2-5 by over charging during the cooldown process, i.e., charge in excess of the makeup required for coolant contraction by allowing pressurizer level to increase. Second, 1000 gallons was added to the BAMT volumes obtained in Table 2-7 through Table 2-24 of CEN 341(c) with these values then rounded up to the nearest 50 gallons in order to give the final results that appear in Figure 2-6. Boron concentration in the reactor coolant system, therefore, can be increased further since more inventory is available in the BAMTs than that used to generate the actual concentration curve in Figure 2-5.

To quantify the discussion presented in the last paragraph, the actual concentration at 52 hours6.018519e-4 days <br />0.0144 hours <br />8.597884e-5 weeks <br />1.9786e-5 months <br /> in figure 2-5 will be recalculated assuming a slightly different and less conservative cooldown scenario.

4 Specifically, 250 gallons more water will be taken from the boric acid makeup tank prior to switching to the refueling water storage pool as indicated in Table 2-7. (Note that a total of 6154.2 gallons (5904.2 +

l 250) will be used and that this is less than the minimum Technical O

2-53

O Specification volume required in Table 2-25). Further, in the cooldown to 200 degrees following the switch to the refuel'ing water storage pool, the reactor coolant system will be over charged such that pressurizer level _will be allowed to increase by exactly 10%. Following this less conservative scenario, the. concentration at 52 hours6.018519e-4 days <br />0.0144 hours <br />8.597884e-5 weeks <br />1.9786e-5 months <br /> in Figure 2-5 can be increased from 715.1 ppm to 742.0 ppm for a total increase of 26.9 ppm boron. The actual concentration curve in Figure 2-5, therefore, represents a lower bound since higher reactor coolant system concentrations can achieved with the boric acid makeup tank limits of Table 2-254 by following a less conservative cooldown scenario.

Question 2: What are the implication of a reduction in boric acid makeup tank concentration with respect to plant emergency procedures and Combustion Engineering's Emergency Procedure Guidelines?

O Response to Question 2:

As stated in Section 3.2 of CEN-341(c) credit is not taken for boron

! addition to the reactor coolant system from the boric acid makeup tanks for the purpose of reactivity control in the accidents analyzed in Chapter 15 of the plant's Final Safety Analysis Report. The response of an operator, therefore, to such events as steam line break, overcooling, boron dilution, etc., will not be affected by a reduction in BAMT j concentration. In particular, the action statements associated with i

! Technical Specification 3.1.1.2 require that boration be commenced at 1

greater than 40 gallons per minute using a solution of at least 1720 ppm boron in the event that shutdown margin is lost. Such statements are conservatively based upon the refueling water storage pool concentration

, and are therefore independent of the amount of boron in the BAMTs.

l l

O l

2-54 i

Similar to the Technical Specification action steps in the event of a loss of shutdown margin, the operator guidance in' Combustion Engineering's Emergency Procedure Guidelines (EPGs), CEN-152, Rev. 2, are also independent of specific boron concentrations within the boric acid makeup tanks. Specifically, the acceptance criteria developed for the reactivity control section of the Functional Recovery Guidelines of CEN-152 are based upon a boron addition rate from the chemical and volume control system of 40 gallons per minute with out reference to a particular boration concentration. The reduction in boron concentration within the boric acid makeup tanks therefore has no impact on, and does not change, the guidance contained in the EPGs.

Question 3: Under natural circulation conditions, show that boron mixing in the reactor coolant system is rapid enough to ensure that proper shutdown margin is maintained during a safe shutdown. What is the effect of various cooldown rates on the mixing process? If an operator charges only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction, what is the impact of pressurizer level instrument errors on boron concentration?

! Response to Question 3:

As discussed in Section 1.1 of CEN-341(C) the basic methodology or procedure used to set the minimum boric acid makeup tank (BAMT) level and concentration for Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 is derived from the safe shutdown requirements of Branch Technical Position (RSB) 5-1. Specifically, sufficient dissolved boric acid is maintained in these tanks in order to provide the required shutdown margin of Technical Specification 3.1.1.1 for a cooldown from hot standby to cold shutdown conditions. Further, the methodology outlined in Section 2.0 of the report for Modes 1, 2, 3, and 4 was developed by incorporating appropriate conservati'sms to insure I

that the shutdown margin of 5.15% would indeed be satisfied at each l

temperature during the cooldown process.

2-55

O As a proof of this, consider a plant cooldown under the actual conditions specified in BTP (RSB) 5-1. Just prior to event' initiation, the plant is operating at 100% of rated thermal power. Previous operating history is such as to develop the maximum core decay heat load. At time zero, event initiation occurs and offsite power is lost. The reactor coolant pumps deenergize causing a reactor trip, and the plant goes into natural circulation. All non-safety grade equipment is lost, including letdown, and one diesel generator fails to start. The plant is held at these conditions in hot standby for four hours, at which time a cooldown to cold shutdown is commenced. (Section 5.4 of CEN-201(S), Supplement No.

1, contains a computer simulation of the BTP 5-1 scenario and shows these events).

The exact boration requirements that give a 5.15% shutdown margin for the BTP 5-1 scenario are shown in figure 2-8 (p. 2-57). (This curve was obtained using the computer code discussed in Reference 4.1 of CEN-341(C). Note that the 5.15% shutdown curve in this figure is based upon a 75 degree per hour cooldown rate. A cooldown rate of 75 degrees per hour was selected for the following reasons: First, a fast cooldown rate is more limiting than a slow cooldown with respect to boron mixing since the slope of the required boration curve is greater; second, 50 j degrees per hour is the maximum allowable plant cooldown rate. Also

! included in figure 2-8 is the actual concentration using a BAMT concentration of 2.25 weight percent. (A BAMT concentration of 2.25 wt.

% was selected since it is the lowest value that will be allowed by Technical Specification and since it yields the slowest increase in reactor coolant system concentration during the cooldown process). The actual concentration curve was obtained using the methodology outlined in Section 2.4 of CEN-341(C) and includes the following assumptions and conservatisms:

<O 1

2-56

O .

O O

! Fig u re 2 8 i Required vs Actual Concentration for a BTP (RSB) 5 1 Cooldown 3""

i -

1 l

i 2so" x 5.15% Shutdown Curve 200- - o Actual Concentration E

E 150- -

E i ~v 100-

2,, c -

~

I Eo 50- -

?>

o o = = = = = = = =

! o l c 1 0 -so--

! o cn x

-too- -

-150- -

-200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.O Time (hours)

O

1. No boron addition is credited prior to commencing plant cooldown.

(Note that one charging pump will operate inmediately following plant trip in response to pressurizer level shrink as indicated in Section 5.4 of CEN-210(S), Supplement No. 1. Credit for boron addition however, during this period will not be taken).

2. Pressurizer level at the start of plant cooldown equals 40%.

3. Charging will be secured at the start of the plant cooldown and will remain secured until pressurizer level has decreased by 10%. (In i the methodology outlined in CEN-341(C) operators were assumed to charge as necessary to maintain a constant pressurizer level. The change in methodology in this item was implemented at the request to the NRC staff in order to show that the error associated with the pressurizer level instrument would have only a small impact on the process. Note that the error associated with pressurizer level is O' typically + 2 percent, therefore allowing a 10 percent decrease in level before initiating charging is conservative).

3. Following the initial 10% decrease in pressurizer level, charging will i be initiated and maintained as necessary to keep a 30% pressurizer level for the remainder of the plant cooldown.

4. Complete and instantaneous mixing with all fluid added via the charging nozzles with the contents of the RCS and the pressurizer 4

is assumed. (Note that this assumption in relation to a delay in boron mixing will be discussed below).

8 The concentration curve that was obtained using these assumptions is shown in figure 2-8. in order to account for the effects of a delay in the boron mixing process under natural circulation conditions, the actual concentration curve in figure 2-8 will be shif ted to the right by 0.5 O

2-58

- - , - - ,---~m .--m---..- ,----..-,-.----,-~_..m ,o- ,-,e.. - - . . . - -, - ,-,%. ------,,--,rm - . . - - - - - , , , - - ~ ~ -

O O O Fig u re 2 9 Required vs Actual Concentration for a

3- 3 (RSB) 5 1 Cooldown i (Expanded Graph) -

200

,. . / ~

5.15% Shutdown Curve iso- - x 140--

o Actual Concentration 120- -

o 100- -

o 0.5 Hour Shift j sO- -

u 80~ ~

? E

'$ p 40--

20--

.) O

' [ -

E - ,

, g -

O -

o -100--

-120- -

-140

-160--

-180- -

l l -200 . . . .

! 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 l Time (hours)

O hours. (Note that 30 minutes is consistent with the boron mixing time that was determined in CEN-259 and, in addition,'is conservative since CEN-259 also indicates that significant mixing of added boron does occur prior to 30 minutes). This shift is shown in the expanded graph shown in Figure 2-9 (p. 2-59). As can be seen, the concentration within the reactor coolant system for the 0.5 hour5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> shift curve in figure 2-9 is above the 5.15% shutdown curve at each temperature during the cooldown.

O l

f l

l O

f l

2-60

t-3.0 OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

TO THE OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS i The remaining Sections of this report present the results of an i evaluation performed in order to demonstrate the general ~ impact on plant operations of a reduction in boric acid makeup tank concentration. The specific areas that will be discussed include operator response to emergency situations, typical plant feed-and-bleed operations, typical plant blended makeup operations, p.lant shutdown to refueling, and plant shutdown to cold shutdown. Because it is obviously an impossible task to evaluate each of these five areas and consider all possible combinations of plan.t conditions, initial plant parameters and analysis assumptions that were used in the evaluation were selected, where possible, in a conservative manner in order to give worst case type' answers. As a the volumes and final concentrations that consequence, the results, i.e.,

( were obtained, should in general be bounding for any event or any set of initial plant conditions.

3.2 RESPONSE TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS In general, credit is not taken for boron addition to the reactor coolant system from the boric acid makeup tanks for the purpose of reactivity cantrol in the accidents analyzed in Chapter 15 of the plant's Final 02fety Analysis Report. The response of an operator, therefore, to such i events as steam line break, overcooling, boron dilution, etc., will not I be affected by a reduction in boric acid makeup tank concentration. In 3

particular, the action statements associated with Technical Specification 3.1.1.1 and Technical Specification 3.1.1.2 require that boration be commenced at greater than 40 gallons per minute using a solution of at least 1720 ppm boron in the event that shutdown margin is lost. Such statements are conservatively based upon the refueling water storage pool O

3-1 i

(O/

concentration and are therefore independent of the amount of boron in the BAlffs . In addition, the acceptance criteria developed for the Reactivity Control Section of the Functional Recovery Guidelines of Reference 4.4 are based upon a boron addition rate of 40 gallons per minute and'are also independent of the exact boration source concentration.

3.3 FEED-AND-BLEED OPERATIONS During a feed-and bleed operation to increase system boron content, the charging pumps are used to inject concentrated boric acid into the RCS with the excess inventory normally being diverted to the liquid waste system via letdown. The rate of increase in boron concentration is proportional to the difference between the system concentration at any-given time and the concentration of the charging fluid. From this basic relationship, an equation describing feed-and-bleed can be derived.

Appendix 1 contains the derivation of the reactor coolant system feed-and-bleed equation). In general, if the concentration within the boric acid makeup tanks is reduced to the point where heat tracing is no longer required, the maximum rate of change of RCS boron concentration that an operator can expect to see during feed-and-bleed will be less than currently achievable.

The purpose of the evaluation performed in this section of the report was to show the exact feed-and-bleed rates that can be expected using boric acid makeup tanks having a reduced concentration. The analysis was done assuming hot zero power conditions with other key parameters and conditions shown in Table 3-1 (p.3-4). Both a one charging pump and a two charging pump feed-and-biced were evaluated from two initial system concentrations: zero ppm and 800 ppm. The results are presented in 1

3-2 L .- -

Table 3-2 (p.3-5) to Table 3-5 (p. 3-8) . Equation 9.0 of Appendix 1 was used to generate the results in these tables. The value of the system mass used to obtain the time constant in Equation 9.0 was calculated as follows:

("w}RCS "("w loops * "w PZR or 3

10,300 ft , 450 ft

(, )

3 0.02121 ft 3/lbm(I) 0.02669 ft /lbm(2)

From this system mass (502, 480.2 lbm), the value of the feed-and-bleed time constant for one charging pump is 502,480.2 lbm ,

40 gpm x 8.329 lbm/ gallon ( )

i or 1,508.2 min,

! and the value of the feed-and-bleed time constant for two charging pumps l

is l

502,480.2 lbm 80 gpm x 8.329 lbm/ gallon (3) or 754.1 min.

(1) Specific volume of compressed water at 545 degrees and 2200 psia.

(2) Specific volume of saturated water at 2200 psia.

(3) Water density at 70 degrees.

3-3

p d

- Table 3-1 Key Plant Parameters and Conditions Assumed in Generating the Feed-and-Bleed Curves 3

a. Reactor Coolant system volume = 10,300 ft .

b. Reactor Coolant system pressure = 2200 psia.

c. Reactor coolant system average temperature = 545 degrees.

d. Pressurizer level = 450 ft3 (30% level).

i

e. Pressurizer is saturated.

f. Zero reactor coolant system Technical Specification leakage.

g. Boric acid makeup tank temperature = 70 degrees.

h. Complete and instantaneous mixing between the pressurizer and the reactor coolant system.

i. Constant pressurizer level maintained during the feed-and bleed process.

j. Flowrate from one charging pump = 40 gpm.

t l

l

k. Flowrate from two charging pump = 80 gpm.

O 3-4

O O O .

Table 3-2 Feed-and-Bleed Using One Charging Pump from an Initial RCS Concentration of 0 ppe Boron RCS Boron Concentration (ppe boron)

BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAHT at BAMT at BANT at Time (min) 0.98 wt 5 2.25 wt 5 2.50 wt 5 2.75 wt 5 3.00 wt 5 3.25 wt 5 3.50 wt 5 10 11.4 26.0 28.9 31.8 34.7 37.5 40.4 20 22.7 ' 51.8 57.6 63.3 69 1 74.9 80.6 30 33.9 77.5 86.1 94.7 103.3 111.9 120.5 40 45.0 103.0 114.4 125 .8 137.3 148.7 160.2 50 56.1 128.3 142.5 156.8 17 1.0 185.3 199.5 60 67.1 153.4 170.5 187.5 204.6 221.6 238.7 70 78.0 178.4 198.2 218.0 237.9 257.7 277.5 80 88.9 203.2 225.8 248.4 27 1.0 293 5 , 316.1 90 99.6 227.9 253.2 278.5 303.8 319.1 354.5 100 110.3 252.4 280.4 308.4 336.5 364.5 392.6 110 121.0 276.7 307 4 338.2 368.9 399.7 430.4 120 131.5 300.9 334.3. 367.7 401.1 434.6 468.0 e

O O O Table 3-3 Feed-and-Bleed Using Two Charging Pumps from an Initial RCS Concentration of 0 ppe Boron RCS Boron Concentration (ppe boron)

BANT at BAMT at BANT at BANT at BANT at BANT at BANT at Time (mind 0.98 wt 1 2.25 wt 5 2.50 wt 5 2.75 wt 1 3.00 wt 5 3.25 wt 5 3 50 wt 5 22.7 51.8 57.6 63 3 69.1 74.9 80.6 10 103.0 114.4 125.8 137 .3 148.7 160.2 20 45.0 153.4 170.5 187.5 204.6 221.6 238.7 30 67.1 40 88.9 203.2 225.8 248.4 271.0 293.5 316.1 50 110.3 252.4 280.4 308.4- 336.5 364.5 392.6 300.9 334.3 367.7 401.1 434.6 468.0 60 131.5 152.5 348.7 387.5 126.2 465.0 503.7 542.4 70 173.1 395.9 439.9 483.9 5 27 .9 571.9 615.9 80 ,

442.5 491.7 540.9 590.1 639.2 688.4 90 193.5 213.6 488.5 542.8 597.1 651.4 705.7 759.9 100 110 233.5 533 9 593.2 652.6 711.9 771.2 830.5 253.0 578.7 643.0 707.3 771.6 835.9 900.2 120

Table 3-4 4

Feed-and-Bleed Using One Charging Pump from an Initial RCS Concentration of 800 ppe Boron RCS Boron Concentration (ppe boron)

BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at Time (min) 0.98 wt 5 2.25 wt 5 2.50 wt 5 2.75 wt 5 3.00 wt 1 3.25 wt 5 3.50 wt 5 10 806.1 820.7 823.6 826.5 829.4 8 32.3 835.2 20 812.1 841.3 847.0 852.8 858.6 864.3 870.1 30 818.1 861.7 870.3 878.9 887.5 896.2 904.8 40 824.1 882.0 893.5 904.9 916.3 9 27.8 939 2 50 830.0 902.2 916.4 930.7 944.9 959.2 973.4

. 60 835.9 922.2 939.3 956.3 973.4 990.4 1007.5

! 70 841.7 942.1 961.9 981.8 1001.6 1021.4 1041.2 80 847.5 961.9 984.5 1007.1 1029.6 1052.2 ,1074.8 90 853.3 981.5 1006.8 1032.2 1057.5 1082.8 1108.1 s

100 859.0 1001.0 1029.1 1057.1 1085.2 1113.2 1141.2 110 864.7 1020.4 1051.2 1081.9 1112.7 1143.4 1174.1 120 870.4 1039.7 1073.1 1106.5 1140.0 1173.4 1206.8 1

I I

O O O Table 3-5 Feed-and-Bleed Using Two Charging Pumps from an Initial RCS Concentration of 800 ppe Boron i

RCS Boron Concentration (ppe boron)

BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at Time (mini 0 98 wt 5 2.25 wt 5 2.50 wt 5 2.75 wt 5 3.00 wt 5 3.25 wt 1 3.50 wt 5 812.1 841.3 847.0 852.8 858.6 863.6 869.3 10 824.1 882.0 893.5 904.9 916.'3 926.4 937.7 l 20 922.2 939.3 956.3 973.4 988.3 1005.2 30 835.9 847.5 961.9 984.5 1007.1 1029.6 1049.5 1071.8 w 40 859.0 1001.0 1029.1 1057.1 1085.2 1109.8 1137.5

50 1073.1 1106.5 1140.0 1169.4 1202.4 60 870.4 1039.7 f

881.6 1077.8 1116.5 1155.3 1194.0 1228.2 1266.5

, 70 1115.4 1159.4 1203.4 1247.4 1286.2 1329 7 80 892.6 ,

1152.5 1201.7 1250.9 1300.1 1343.4 1392.1 90 903.5 1189.2 1243.5 1297.7 1352.0 1400.0 1453.7 100 914.3 1225.3 1284.7 1344.0 1403.3 1455.7 1514.5 110 924.9 1261.0 1325.3 1389.6 1453.9 1510.8 1574.4 120 935.3

(~

L)J Several of tihe concentration results shown in Table 3-2 through Table 3-5 are plotted in figure 3-1 (p. 3-10) and figure 3-2 (p.3-11) for comparison. Note i. hat significant feed-and-bleed rates will be achievable following the reduction in boric acid makeup tank concentration levels.

3.4 BLENDED MAKEUP OPERATIONS During typical plant blending operations, concentrated boric acid via CH-0210Y is mixed with demineralized water via CH-0210X at the blending tee and then added to the volume control tank. Since the ability to blend and add makeup to the reactor coolant system and to other systems is important to plant operations, three different parametric studies were performed in order to demonstrate the effect of a reduction in boric acid makeup tank concentration. The studies performed were as follows:

1 v 1. Flow through CH-0210Y is varied between 0.5 gpm and 15.0 gpm while the flow through CH-0210X is varied to give a total flow out of the blending tee of 44 gallons per minute.

2. Flow through CH-0210Y is varied between 0.5 gpm and 15.0 gpm while the flow through CH-0210X is varied to give a total flow out of the blending tee of 88 gallons per minute.

I

3. Flow through CH-0210Y is varied between 0.5 gpm and 15.0 gpm while the flow through CH-0210X is varied to give a total flow out of the blending tee of 132 gallons per minute.

i 1

3-9

O O O Fig u re 3 1 Feed and Bleed at Hot Zero Power from

an Initial Concentration of O ppm 1000

)

soo-- x 40 gpm @ 1720 ppm

~

o 40 gpm @ 3.0 wt %

! S o 80 gpm @ 3.0 wt %

E 700--

' a 80 gpm @ 3.5 wt %

g.

? $ soo--

53o g soo--

8 i E 400- -

o *

, c 300--

f a 200- -

m i

i 100- - ,

o . . .  : .  :  : .  :  : .  :

10 30 50 70 90 110 l 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (minutes) .

O O O

~

Fig u re 3 2 Feed and Bleed at Hot Zero Power from an Initial Conce ntratiori of 800 ppm 1600 x 40 gpm @ 1720 ppm 3 ,_ _

j o 40 gpm @ 3.0 wt %

c81400-- o 80 gpm O 3.0 wt %

E 4 80 gpm O 3.5 wt %

g.

w v 1300-I '

l U .C9

! o i g1200- -

! 8

8

) O 1100-- ,

l c

! e o

i CD 1000- -

O 0:

900--

l i #

800- . . .  :  : . . . . . .

10 30 50 70 90 110 j

20 40 60 80 '100 120 4 Time (minutes)

I

In each of the three studies, the temperature of the boric acid makeup tank and the temperature of the domineralized wat'er supply was assumed to be 70 degrees. The results are shown in Table 3-6 (p. 3-13) through j Table 3-8 (p.3-15). The final concentration out of the blending tee in i each of these tables was obtained using the following equation:

C out = 7 I) (100) (1748.34).

(Fy . Cy ) + (Fout .Dw)

In this equation, C, is the concentration coming out of the blending tee in ppm boron, Fy is the flowrate coming out of CH-0210Y in gallons per minute, C is the concentration of the boric acid makeup tanks in lba per gallon, F is the total now coming out of the Mendhg tee in out gallons per minute, D ,is the density of water at 70 degrees in Ibm per-gallon, and 1748.34 is the conversion factor between concentration expressed in terms of weight percent boric acid and concentration O'- expressed in terms of ppm boron. (See Appendix 4 for a derivation of this conversion factor). The data contained in Tables 3-6, 3-7, and 3-8 is plotted in figure 3-3 (p. 3-16), through Figure 3-5 (p. 3-18). Note that following the reduction in BAMT concentration, a full range of flowrates and boron concentrations are available for blended makeup operations.

3.5 SHUTDOWN TO REFUELING - MODES 6 The plant shutdown to refueling is typically the most limiting evolution that an operator must perform with respect to system boration, i.e., this evolution normally requires the maximum amount of boron to be added to the reactor coolant system. A shutdown to refueling normally occurs at I the end of core cycle when the critical boron concentration is low and i requires an increase to refueling boron concentration. In the most limiting case, boron concentration must be raised from zero ppm to the

, present refueling concentration of 1720 ppm.

3-12

1 O O O 1

i Table 3-6 Typical Blended Makeup Operations at 44 gpa out of Blending Tee Concentration Out of Tee (ppe boron)

BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BANT at Flow (gpe)

I CH-02101 2.25 wt 5 2.50 wt 5 2.75 wt 5 3 00 wt 5 3.25 wt 5 3.50 wt 5 CH-0210Y 45.7 50.9 56.2 61.4 66.7 72.0

! 0.5 43.5 1 122.8 133.4 144.0 1.0 43.0 91.4 101.8 112.3 152.7 168.4 184.1 200.0 215.9 1.5 42.5 137 .1 182.) 203.5 224.4 245.4 266.6 287.8 2.0 42.0 Y 305.1 336.4 367.9 399.5 431.3 C 3.0 41.0 274.0 365.1 406.6 448.3 490.2 532.3 574.6 4.0 40.0 456.1 507.9 560.0 612.3 664.9 7 17 .6 5.0 39.0 547 .1 609.2 671.6 734.3 797.2 860.4 6.0 38 .0 6 37 .9 710.3 783.0 856.0 929.4~ 1003.0 i 7.0 37.0 l

811.3 894.3 977.6 1061.3 1145.4 8.0 36.0 728.7 819.3 912.2 1005.4 1099.1 1193 1 1287.5 9.0 35.0 i

909.3 1012.9 1116.4 1220.3 1324.7 1429.4 l 10.0 34.0 1361.3 1515.0 1669.3 1824.2 1979.5 2135.4 1 15.0 29.0 l

i

O O O Table 3-7 i

Typical Blended Makeup Operations at 1

' 88 gpa out of Blending Tee Concentration Out of Tee (ppe boron)

BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT at BAMT'at Flow (gps) l CH-0210Y CH-02101 2.25 wt 5 2.50 wt 1 2.75 wt 5 3 00 wt 1 3.25 wt 5 3.50 wt 5 22.9 25.5 28.1 30.7 33.4 36.0

! 0.5 87.5 45.7- 50.9 56.2 61.4 66.7 72.0 1.0 87.0 68.6 76.4 84.2 92.1 100.1 108.0 1.5 86.5 91.4 101.8 112.3 122.8 133.4 144.0 2.0 86.0 T 168.4 184.1 200.0 215.9 j  % 3.0 85.0 137.1 152.7 -

84.0 182.7 203.5 224.4 245.4 266.I, 287.8 4.0 83.0 228.4 254.3 280.4 306.7 333 1 359.6 5.0 4

82.0 274.0 305.1 336.4 367.9 399.5 431.3 6.0 i

81.0 319.5 355.9 39 2.4 429.1 465.9 5'03 0

) 7.0 l

80.0 406.6 448.3 490.2 532.3 574.6 ,-

1 8.0 365 .1 410.6 457.3 504.2 551 3 598.6 646.1 90 79.0 456.1 507 9 560.0 612.3 664.9 717.6 1 10.0 78.0 73.0 683.3 760.8 838.7 916.9 995.4 1074.2 l 15.0 i

i I

I

O O O Table 3-8 Typical Blended Makeup Operations at 132 gpa out of Blending Tee Concentration Out of Tee (ppe boron)

BAMT at BANT at BAMT at BANT at BAMT at BANT at Flow (gpm)

CH-0210X 2.25 wt 5 2.50 wt 5 2.75 wt 1 3.00 wt 5 3.25 wt 5 3.50 wt 5 CH-0210Y 15.2 17 .0 18.7 20.5 22.2 24.0 0.5 131.5 i'

34.0 37 .4 41.0 44.5 48.0 1.0 131 0 30.5 i

45.7 50.9 56.2 61.4 66.7 72.0 I 1.5 130.5 61.0' 67.9 74.9 81.9 88.9 96.0 I 2.0 130.0 101.8 112.3 122.8 133.4 144.0 j 3.0 129'.0 91.4 1

121.9 135.7 149.7 163.7 177 .8 191.9

! 4.0 128.0 _

9 152.3 169.6 187.1 204.6 222.2 239.9 J

5.0 127.0 i

182.7 203.5 224.4 245.4 266.6 287.8

! 6.0 126.0 i 213.2 2 37 .4 261.8 286.3 310.9 335.6

7.0 125.0 i

243.6 271.3 299.1 327 .1 355.2 383.5 ,,

8.0 124.0 l

27 4.0 305.1 336.4 367.9 399.5 431.3 9.0 123.0 304.3 339.0 373 7 408.6 443.8 479.1 10.0 122.0 456.1 507.9 560.0 612.3 664.9 7 17 .6 15.0 117.0 ,

l

O O O Fig u re 3 3 Typical Blended Makeup Operations at 44 gpm Out of Blending Tee 1500 g 1350- - x BAMT O 2.25 WT %

e o BAMT O 2.50 WT %

y, _ ,

k o BAMT O 3.00 WT %

8 050--

i a BAMT O 3.50 WT %

,g -

. r 5mC 900--

M 750--

on O

y 600--

O

$ 450--

. n i 300- -

I O (Flow at FVO210Y) + (Flow et FVO210X) =

C 4 8P" O

O 150- -

O  : . . . . . . .  : .

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.o 7.0 8.O 9.0 10.0 Flow at CH-0210Y (gpm)

! O O O i

! Fig u re 3 4 Typical Blended Makeup Operations at' 88 gpm Out of Blending Tee soo g x BAMT O 2.25 WT %

i 2 o BAMT O 2.50 WT %

gg 5.aoo-

- a BAMT e 3.00 WT %

! S

' a BAMT O 3.50 WT %

g

! i H aco- - -

Og i *6 I h400- -

I CD o

g m. .

o

m. .

C j $ (now at rvoatov) + (now at evoziox) -

se open j

}ioo.

o  :  :  :  : .  : .  :  :  :

i 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.010.0 l Flow at CH -0210Y (gpm) ,

3 1 _ __ _ - _ _ _

O O O

! Fig u re 3-5 Typical Blended Makeup Operations at l 132 gpm Out of Blending Tee

] 500 I

BAMT @ 2.25 WT %

~

g 450- -

x i 8 o

00 400- -

o BAMT @ 2.50 WT %

k o BAMT @ 3.00 WT %

O 350- -

m g a BAMT @ 3.50 WT %

.L r O

m 3OO--

S 250--

(D O

y 200-- ,

8 5 150--

=

8 C 100- -

W o (Flow at FVO210Y) + (Flow et FVO210X) - -

g 132 gym

! O 50--

O . . . . .  :  : . .  :

i 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

Flow at CH -0210Y (gpm)

O Q'

This section presents the evaluation results of a plant shutdown to refueling. The evaluation was performed specific' ally to demonstrate the effect on makeup inventory requirements of a reduction in boric acid makeup tank concentration. A list of key parameters and' conditions assumed in the analysis is contained in Table 3-9 (p. 3-20). The evaluation was performed for end-of-cycle conditions in order to maximize the amount of boron that must be added to the reactor coolant system.

As a result, the boron concentration within the RCS was required to be increased from zero ppm to the present refueling concentration of 1720 ppm. The shutdown for refueling was assumed to take place as follows:

1. The reactor is shutdown via rod insertion to hot zero power conditions.

2. Following shutdown, at time zero, operators commence a system O

u feed-and-bleed using three charging pumps and the boric acid makeup tanks. (BAMT concentration is assumed to be 3.0 weight percent boric acid).

3. The feed-and-bleed is conducted for sixty-five (65) minutes, after which time it is secured.

4. A plant cooldown and depressurization is commenced at sixty-five minutes from an average coolant temperature and system pressure of 545 degrees and 2200 psia to an average coolant temperature and system pressure of 350 degrees and 350 psia. An overall cooldown rate of approximately 50 degrees per hour is assumed. Makeup inventory is supplied from the boric acid makeup tanks.

5. The shutdown cooling system is placed in operation at 350 degrees and 350 psia. (Prior to initiation, the concentration within the SDCS is assumed to be equal to the concentration in the reactor coolant system).

3-19

,O Table 3-9 Key Plant Parameters and Conditions As'sumed in the Shutdown to Refueling Evaluation

a. Reactor coolant system volume = 10,300 ft 3,

b. Initial RCS average loop temperature = 545 degrees.

't 3

h. c. Pressurizer level = 450 ft3 (30% level).

d. Pressurizer is saturated.

e. Zero reactor coolant system leakage.

i

f. Boric acid makeup tank temperature = 70 degrees.

g. Complete and instantaneous mixing becween the pressurizer and the

reactor coolant system.

h. Constant pressurizer level maintained during the feed-and bleed process and during the plant cooldown.

i. Initial RCS concentration = 0 ppm boron.

.l

> j. BAMT concentration = 3.00 weight percent boric acid.

i i

k. RWSP concentration = 1720 ppm boron.

I l

3

1. Shutdown cooling system volume = 3000 ft .

m. Boron concentration in the shutdown cooling system is equal to the boron concentration in the RCS at the time of shutdown' cooling O

initiation.

n. Refueling concentration, Mode 6 = 1720 ppa.

3-20

O 4

6. The plant cooldown is continued following shutdown cooling initiation from 350 degrees to 150 degrees a't 350 psia. An overall plant cooldown rate of approximately 50 degrees per hour is assumed.

Makeup inventory is supplied from the boric acid makeup tanks.

Evaluation results showing the system concentration as a function of time and total boric acid makeup tank inventory requirements are contained in Table 3-10 (p.3-22). Loop average temperature and system boron concentration data from this table is plotted Figure 3-6 (p. 3-23) .

Concentration during the initial sixty-five minute feed-and-bleed ,

j operation was calculated using the methodology discussed in Section 3.3 above. Concentration during the subsequent plant cooldown was calculated in the.same manner as the concentrations for the plant cooldowns in Section 2.4. Note that the boron content of the RCS was raised from zero ppm at the start of the evaluation to 1720.8 ppm by the time that the plant had been cooled and depressurized to 150 degrees and 350 psia. A total volume of 28,080 gallons of a 3.0 weight percent boric acid solution was required. Of this volume, 8,580 gallons were used during the initial sixty-five minute plant feed-and-bleed operation, and 19,500 gallons was charged into the system to compensate for shrinkage during the cooldown process.

As can be sean from the results in Table 3-10, the volume of a 3.0 weight 1

percent boric acid makeup solution that is required in order to perform the shutdown to refueling is approximately 2.8 times the capacity of one i boric acid makeup tank. Note that this result is conservative or bounding, and therefore, represents the maximum volume that would be required to be available assuming a refueling concentration of 1720 ppa i boron and a boric acid makeup tank concentration of 3.0 weight percent

) boric acid. Since there are only two boric acid makeup tanks in the h

O i 3-21 a ,--ng-e..-, , . . . . . . - , , , , , . , . . . .,.-- .. .-.- , ,,.-.- _ _ , n .,,,, - - ,, . , - .- n,--.

O Table 3-10 Evaluation Results for Plant Shutdown to Refueling Time Temp Pressure Concentration Total BAMI

! (hr) (degrees) (psia) (ppm boron) Volume (gal) 0.25 545 2200 169.3 1,980 1 0.50 545 2200 333.2 3,960 0.75 545 2200 491.8 5,940.

1.00 545 2200 645.3 7,920 1.08( $45 2200 695.3 8,580

2.00 500 2200 931.7 11,800 3.00 450 1300 1098,4 14,383 4.00 400 800 1244.7 16,869 5.00(#) 350 350 1367.6 19,092 6.00 350 350 1367.6 19,092 7.00 300 350 1483.1 21,845 8.00 250 350 1577.3 24,218 9.00 200 350 1656.5 26,310 10.00 150 350 1720.8 28,080

• Initial 65 minute feed-and-bleed complete.

l J

1. Cooldown stopped for one hour for shutdown cooling system alignment.

3-22

i O O O i

Fig u re 3 6 Boron Concentration and Temperature

! for a Shutdown to Refueling soo taoo l

i j i s20 - -

/ o Boron Conc.

"500 x Avg. Temp.

^

i 8

~

C v

i u j o 1260- -

o -

-4o0 i w CD I E N

" E i o.ioso- - .,

S 8.

E c

j .g soo- -

-soo #

o.

.e oi

! 'E -

l g 720- O i C f j -

-200 [

] g s40- - g y .

36o- -

- -100 ,

i iso--

l , o / .  : . . . .  : . . . o l 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Time (hours)

O plant, with'a combined capacity of approximately 20,000 gallons, additional provisions or operator actions are required in order to place the plant in Mode 6. These provisions could include some combination of the following:

1. The initial plant feed-and-bleed and some portion of the plant cooldown could be performed using the refueling water storage pool.

This would decrease the amount of inventory needed from the boric acid makeup tanks.

2. Prior to conducting the evolution, both boric acid makeup tanks are full and available for use.

3. Increase boric acid makeup tank concentration up to a maximum of 3.5 weight percent boric acid.

O 4. During the initial part of the evolution, charge from one boric acid i

makeup tank until depleted, then transfer to the second BAMT.

, Concurrent with continued cooldown, replenish inventory in the first

tank.

l l

These provisions, or operator actions, would need to be considered only

! once during core cycle, just prior to conducting a shutdown for refuelirg. Note that they are relatively simple actions that should be I

well within the current plant operating procedures. In addition, they can be planned for in advance so as to have no impact on maintenance activities or the plant refueling schedule.

l l

l l

i i

i O

3-24 i

l t

3.6 SHUTDOW TO COLD SHUTDOW - MODE 5 As discussed in the previous Section, the shutdown to refueling is the most limiting evolution that an operator must perform with respect to system boration. This evolution is normally performed once during a fuel cycle just prior to refueling. Situations (such as unscheduled plant maintenance, etc.) can occur during a fuel cycle, however, and require that an operator perform a plant shutdown to cold shutdown conditions.

Although not limiting with respect to boration requirements, it is important for an operator to be able to perform such a shutdown quickly and efficiently, i

I This section precents the evaluation results of a plant shutdown to cold

- shutdown. The analysis was performed specifically to demonstrate the effect on makeup inventory requirements of a reduction in boric acid

makeup tank concentration. A list of key parameters and conditions assumed in the analysis is contained in Table 3-11 (p. 3-26) . In

' addition to the parameters in Table 3-11, the evaluation was performed J

for end-of-cycle conditions assuming a cold shutdown concentration of 800 ppm boron. As a result, boron concentration had to be increased from zero ppm to 800 ppm boron. The operator scenario employed in the i

shutdown to cold shutdown is as follows:

1. The reactor is shutdown to hot zero power conditions via rod insertion.

2. A plant cooldown and depressurization is immediately commenced from an average coolant temperature and system pressure of 545 degrees and 2200 psia to an average coolant temperature and system pressure i

j of 350 degrees and 350 psia. An overall cooldown rate of 4-I approximately 50 degrees per hour is assumed. Makeup inventory is supplied from the boric acid makeup tanks.

, 3-25

f Table 3-11 .

Key Plant Parameters and Conditions Assumed in the Shutdown to Cold shutdown Evaluation 3

a. Reactor coolant system volume = 10,300 ft ,

b. Initial RCS average loop temperature = 545 degrees.

c. Pressurizer level = 450 ft (30% level).

d. Pressurizer is saturated.

e. Zero reactor coolant system leakage.

f. Boric acid makeup tank temperature = 70 degrees.

g. Demineralized water supply temperature = 70 degrees.

h. ' Complete and instantaneous mixing between the pressurizer and the reactor coolant system.

~

i. Constant pressurizer level maintained during the plant cooldown.

j. Initial RCS concentration = 0 ppm boron.

k. BAMT concentration = 3.00 weight percent boric acid.

I 1. RWSP concentration = 1720 ppm boron, 3

m Shutdown cooling system volume = 3000 ft ,

n. Boron concentration in the shutdown cooling system is equal to the boron concentration in the RCS at the time of shutdown cooling initiation for Case I.

o. Boron concentration in the shutdown cooling system is equal to the boron concentration in the RWSP at the time of shutdown cooling initiation for Case II.

l l

O 3-26

v

3. The shutdown cooling system is placed in operation at 350 degrees and 350 psia.

I 4. The plant cooldown is continued following shutdown coolivg initiation from 350 degrees to 150 degrees at 350 psia. An overall plant cooldown rate of approximately 50 degrees per hour is assumed.

Makeup inventory is supplied from the boric acid makeup tanks.

Evaluation results showing the system concentration as a function of time

~

and total boric acid makeup tank inventory requirements are contained in Table 3-12 (p. 3-28) and in Table 3-13 (p. 3-29). Note that two cases were analyzed for comparison. In Case I the concentration within the.

shutdown cooling system was assumed to equal to the concentration of the reactor coolant system at the time of shutdown cooling initiation. In Case 11 the concentration within the shutdown cooling system was assumed l O to be equal to the concentration of the refueling water storage pool at V the time of shutdown cooling initiation. Loop average temperature and system boron concentration data from these two tables are plotted in figure 3-7 (p. 3-30) and in figure 3-8 (p.3-31). Concentration during the plant cooldown was calculated using the methodology discussed in Section 2.4. During those portions of the plant cooldown in which

! blended makeup was used, data was calculated using the methodology contained in Section 3.4.

A total volume of 12,022 gallons of a 3.0 weight percent boric acid solution was required in order to perform the shutdown to cold shutdown for the case in which the concentration of the fluid within the shutdown i

cooling system was assumed to be equal to that of the reactor coolant system at the time of shutdown cooling initiation. In the case where j the concentration within the shutdown cooling system was assumed to equal that of the refueling water storage tank at the time of shutdown cooling initiation, a total volume of 8,524 gallons was required. Note that approximately 3,500 gallons less boric acid makeup tank inventory was 3-27

- - ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ . _ . _ , . _ _ _ _ _ __..____ _

Table 3-12 Case I Evaluation Results for Plant Shutdown to Cold Shutdown with SDCS Concentration Equal to RCS Concentration at the Time of Shutdown Cooling Initiation Time Temp Blending Pressure Concentration Total BAMT (hr) (degrees F) Ratio (*) (psia) (ppm boron) Volume (gal) 0.0 545 --

2200 0 0 1.0 500 --

2200 273.5 3,220 2.0 450 --

1300 470.7 5,803 3.0 400 --

800 645.5 8,289 l 4.0 (#} 350 --

350 789.8 10,512 5.0 350 --

350 789.5 10,512 6.0 300 3.72:1 350 800.0 11.095 7.0 250 5.73:1 350 800.0 11,448 i 8.0 200 5.73:1 350 800.0 11,759 9.0 150 5.72:1 350 800.0 12,022 l

l

• Ratio of pure water to BAMI water at blending tee.

1. Cooldown stopped for one hour for shutdown cooling system alignment.

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I 3-28

f Table 3-13 4

Case II Evaluation Results for Plant Shutdown to Cold Shutdown with SDCS Concentration Equal to RWSP Concentration at the Time of Shutdown Cooling Initiation Time Temp Blending Pressure Concentration Total BAMT (hr) (degrees F) Ratio (*) (psia) (ppm boron) Volume (gal) 0.0 545 --

2200 0 0 1.0 500 --

2200 273.5 3,220 2.0 450 --

1300 470.7 5,803 3.0 400 3.49:1 800 495.5 6,357 f 4.0 ( 350 1.69:1 350 540.9 7,188 5.0 800.0 350 --

350 7,188 6.0 300 5.73:1 350 800.0 7,597 7.0 250 5.73:1 350 800.0 7,950 8.0 200 5.73:1 350 800.0 8,291 9.0 150 5.72:1 350 800.0 8,524 1

l

• Ratio of pure water to BAMT water at blending tee.

1. Cooldown stopped for one hour for shutdown cooling systwa alignment.

i 3-29

V O O O Fig u re 3 7 Boron Concentration and Temperature for a Shutdown to Cold Shutdown Case I

.oo soo- - -  ;  :  : a o Boron Conc.

-" x Avg. Temp.

m Q 7ao- -

b 8

Yy e a soo- - --m

a. u O "- $

c e

-soo [

.B m-- g-

• 5 2 jsoo- -

-200 g .

E 2oo- -

-too loo- -

O . . . . . . . . - 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.O 9.0 Time (hours) .

i O O O Fig u re 3 8 Bo ro n Concentration an'd Temperature i

]

for a Shutdown to C o .l d Shutdown 1

Case 11 900 600 800--

: o Boron Conc.

,i

~~500 x Avg. Temp.

I 7 700-- m

! @ b w

b S 600-- -

-400 m e

- E y 500--

c E l .j --300 [

h400-- $

i s 3 -

300-- --200 cn ,

, o e i

m g ,

(r 200--

! --100 100--

i O ,

.

: . . . O 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.O

{

{ Time (hours) ,

I

4 1

required to be used in Case II. Since the plant operating procedures require that the shutdown cooling system be opera'ted via recirculation with the refueling water storage tank prior to initiation, the concentration within that system will normally be very near that of the RWSP any time that the shutdown cooling system is placed in operation.

Provisions or action that could be performed, if desired, in order to reduce the irventory required to be taken from the boric acid makeup tanks during a shutdown to cold shutdown could include some combination of the following:

1. Prior to commencing the cooldown and depressurization to cold 1 shutdown, increase system concentration via a feed-and-bleed using the refueling water storage pool as the boration source.

2. Maintain normal boric acid makeup tank concentration levels at greater than 3.0 weight percent boric, up to a maximum of 3.5 weight r percent boric acid.

N]J 1

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O .

3-32

.- - - - _ --- _ _ .- - _ . - . _ ~ = _ __ .

I i

1

4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 The ROCS & DIT Computer Codes for Nuclear Design, CENPD-266-NP-A, Combustion Engineering, December 1981.

I 4.2 Technical Data Sheet IC-11. US Borax & Chemical Corporation, 3-83-J.W.  !

4.3 An Evaluation on the Natural Circulation Cooldown Test Performed at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, compliance with the Testing Requirements of Branch Technical Position RSB 5-1, CEN-259, Combustion i Engineering, January 1984.

4.4 Combustion Engineering's Emergency Procedure Guidelines, CEN-152, Revision 2, May, 1984.

I l

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i I

4-1

N Appendix 1 Derivation of the Reactor Coolant System Feed-and-Bleed Equation Purpose of Definitions This appendix presents the detailed derivation of an equation which can be used to compute the reactor coolant system (RCS) boron concentration change during a feed-and-bleed operation. For this derivation, the following definitions were used:

1 1

s = mass fl wrate int the RCS h

m = mass flowrate out of the RCS ot g = boron mass flowrate "w = water mass flowrate a = boron mass b

a = water mass C = boron concentration going into RCS h

C = boron concentration going out of RCS

• initial boron Concentration CTt)=boronconcentrationasafunctionoftime C #"# " '" ***' "

RCS "

Simplifying Assumptions l

During a feed-and-bleed operation, the reactor coolant system can be pictured as shown in the figure bout as a closed container having a certain volume, a certain mass, and an initial boron concentration.

& C out '

in Coolant is added at one end via the charging pumps.

in RCS The rate of addition is dependent on the number of charging pumps that are running with the 1 of 5

- _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ = - _ _ _ _ _ . .-. . _ _ . _ _ _

4 e

i i '

i

% i

' I concentration being determined by the operator. Coolant is removed at '

the other and via letdown at a rate that is appro'ximately equal to the charging rate and at a concentration determined by fluid mixing within the j reactor coolant system. The mass flowrate into the reactor coolant system is given by the following equation:

E in " ( b + w in*

i j For typical boron concentrations within the chemical and volume control system, m,is very much greater than mb . (F r examPl e, a 3.5 weight j percent boric acid solution contains only 0.04 lbm of boric acid per Iba I of water). Therefore the above equation can be simplified to the

)

following:

g . (mw) in . (1.0) l in

() In a similar manner, the mass flowrate coming out of the reactor coolant system, given by l

i  ;

i out = b+ w out' i

can be simplified by again realizing that m,is very much greater than ab l or l

out = ( w) out. (2.0) l For a feed-and-bleed operation with a constant pressurizer level and a constant system temperature, the mass flowrate into the RCS will be equal

' to the mass flowrate out of the RCS, or in = out = ( w)in = ( w) out. ( .0) i t

!O 2 of 5 ,

4 Finally, if it is assumed that the boron which is added to the reactor coolant system mixes completely and instantly with the entire RCS mass, the concentration of the fluid coming out of the system will be equal the system concentration, or Cout *, CRCS. (4.0)

Derivation The rate of change of boron mass within the reactor coolant system is equal to the mass of boron being charged into the system minus the mass of boron leaving vin letdown. In equation form, this becomes d(mb } RCS = in in~ "out out*

dt From Equation 3.0, d(mb )RCS = in ( in ouh" w}in( in

~

out). (5.0) dt The concentration of boron in the reactor coolant system, i.e,. the weight fraction of boron, is defined as follows:

RCS =

• b * "w .

RCS Since m,>> g ,

1 C

RCS =

"b w RCS 3 of 5

O

. O Where (m ,) RCS is a ns an ra ns an system temperature. The rate of change of the RCS concentration is therefore d(a b)RCS dC dt RCS = . (6.0) de (m,{CS Substituting Equation 5.0 into Equation 6.0 yields the following:

~

dcRCS = ( w in ( in out ,

de (my )RCS and from Equation 4.0, dCRCS = ( w)in (Cin RCS . (7.0) de (my ) RCS Solving Equation 7.0 for concentration yields:

dC RCS ,

("w}in dt" in ~ RCS "w RCS or C(t) t ,

I dC RCS w in de .

/ C ~

in RCS I"w) RCS o

Integrating from some initial concentration C, to some final concentration C (t) and multiplying through by a minus one gives the following:

l C(t)

" ( RCS ~ IN =-hwfin O

t, RCS C

o or 4 of 5

l l

O .. .

1 In C(t) -C in = - (h in t. '

~

i ,, o in _ .

("w} RCS Continuing to solve for C(t), this equation becomes:

( w in ! ( w}RCS ,

C(t) - Cin = e C -C o in or in w RCS C ( t) = C1 , + (C,- Cgn) e . (8.0)

If we define the time constant T to be as follows:

T= ("w) RCS ,

(4,)in then Equation 8.0 becomes C(t) = C, e- *!* + C f3 (1 - e ~* *) . (9.0)

(

t O

5 of 5

l Appendix 2 ,

A Proof that Final System Concentration is 1

l Independent of System Volume l

Purpose of Definitions This appendix presents a detailed proof that during a plant cooldown where an operator is charging only as necessary of makeup for coolant contraction, the final system concentration that results using a given

> boration source concentration will be independent of the total system volume. For this proof, the following definitions were used:

Cg = initial boron concentration Plant 1

= in tia r n mass Plant 1

/%

"bi m,1 = initial water mass Plant 1 ,

l c f

= final boron concentration Plant 1 I

c, = boron concentration of makeup solution Plant 1 m = mass of boron added Plant 1 ba m,,= mass of water added Plant I m

bf

= final boron mass Plant 1 C

f

= initial boron concentration Plant 2 M

bi

= initial boron mass Plant 2 Myg = initial water mass Plant 2 C = final boron concentration Plant 2 f

C, = boron concentration of makeup solution Plant 2 M = mass of boron added Plant 2 ba M,,= mass of water added Plant 2 Proof For this proof, consider two plants at the same initial temperature, the '

same initial pressure, and the same initial boron concentration. One plant, Plant 2, has exactly twice the system volume as the other plant, i

1 of 4

Plant 1. Initially, boron concentration Plant 1 = boron concentration Plant 2, or c =C g =

• bi = bi . (1.0)

" bi " wi bi+ wi Since the volume of Plant 2 is twice that of Plant 1, M yg = 2myg.

Substituting this relationship into Equation 1.0 and solving yields the folleving:

%i bi *

"bi * "wi bi* "wi

'"bibi * "bi"wi ""bibi*"wiki*

and Mg = 2m (2.0) bi .

Therefore, the initial boron mass in Plant 2 is exactly twice the initial boron mass in Plant 1.

During the cooldown process for Plant 1, the final boron mass in the system will equal the initial boron mass plus the added boron mass, or a (3.0) bf " "bi + " ba .

If, during this cooldown process, operators charge only as necessary to makeup for coolant contraction, water and boron will be added only as space is made available in the system due to coolant shrinkage. The final boron concentratien from Equation 3.0 can therefore be expressed as follows:

"bf " L" bi * "ba * "wi *

• wa

" bi

• ba+ "wi wa 2 of 4

l l

l l

1 f%

If concentration is expressed in terms of weight percent, this last equation becomes

~

mbf " bi + "ba + Myg + my

c. f (4.0)

Similarly, the remaining two components of Equation 3.0 become bi "bi * "wi "i (5.0) and

~

m ba " "a (6.0)

-"ba * "wa.

Substituting Equations 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 into Equation 3.0 and solving-4 for the final concentration yields the following:

f= "bi * "wi "i * "ba * "wa] c a (7.0)

• bi * *ba ** wi* "wa For Plant 2 Equation 7.0 becomes f= bi + wi. i+ ,,.ba + wa a (8.0) bi ba wi wa During a cooldown, the shrinkage mass, i.e., the mass of fluid that must be added to the system in order to keep pressurizer level constant, is calculated by dividing the system volume by the change in specific volume, or m , , System Volume Plant 1 (9.0)

A Specific volume and M , System Volume Plant 2 , (10.0)

A Specific volume where System Volume Plant 1 = (1/2) System Volume Plant 2.

3 of 4

(3 For a given cooldown, dividing Equation 9.0 by Equation 10.0 gives the following:

M,, , = 2m (11.0)

In addition, if the charging source for both plants is at the same concentration and temperature, C, = c, , (12.0) and ba=2g . (13.0)

Substituting Equations 2.0, 11.0, 12,0, and 13.0 into Equation 8.0 yields the following:

.- - a

+ c, i f= . bi

• wi.l 1 + *ba "wa 2m bi "ba

• wi * "wa Since the initial concentration are the same, Cg = c g, and since Plant 2 is twice as large as Plant 1, Myg = 2myg ,

_. - .. -. \

l C f,

_ 2mbi + 61 l1 # . Ea + 2g, , ,,cf, or "bi "ba 01 Ea 1

C =c (14.0) f f.

Therefore, for a cooldown where pressurizer level is maintained constant, the final boron concentration for Plant 2 is equal to the final boron concentration for Plant 1, i.e., the change in boron concentration in independent of the exact system volume.

O 4 of 4

O '

Appendix 3 Methodology for Calculating Dissolved Boric Acid per Gallon of Water Purpose The purpose of this appendix is to shew the methodology used to calculate the mass of boric acid dissolved in each gallon of water for solutions of various boric acid concentration. Two solution temperatures were used corresponding to the minimum allowable refueling water storage pool temperature of 55 degrees and a boric acid makeup temperature of 70 -

degrees in the absence of tank heaters.

Methodology and Results O Eoric acid concentration expressed in t'rms e of weight percent is defined as follows:

mass of oric acid , 799, C

total solution mass or mass of boric acid C = x 100. (1.0)

(mass of boric acid) + (mass of water)

If we define m ba t be the mass of boric acid and m ,to be the mass of water, and if we substitute these defined terms into Equation 1.0 and solve for the mass of boric acid we have the following:

=

ba x 100 ,

C "ba * "w or Cxm "

C m a . (2.0) ba 100 - C 1 of 2

l

)

O From Appendix A of the Crane Company Manual (Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe, Crane Co.,1981, Technical Paper No. 410),

the density of water at 70 degrees is 8.3290 lba / gallon and at 55 degrees is 8.3404 lbm / gallon. Using these water masses and Equation 2.0 above, the mass of boric acid per gallon of solution is as follows:

Mass of acid per gallon Concentration of solution at source vt. % boric acid ppm boron 55 degrees 70 degrees RWSP 0.98379 1720 0.08287 lbm --

RWSP 1.14394 2000 0.09651 lbm --

O RWSP 1.31553 2300 0.11118 lbm --

BAMT 2.25 3934 -- 0.19172 lbm t

BAMT 2.50 4371 -- 0.21356 lbm l

BAMT 2.75 4808 -- 0.23552 lbm I

BAMT 3.00 5245 -- 0.25760 lbm BAMT 3.25 5682 -- 0.27979 lbm BAMT 3.50 6119 -- 0.30209 lbm O

2 of 2

A J

U Appendix 4 Methodology for Calculating the Conversion Factor Between Weight Percent Boric Acid and ppm Boron Purpose The purpose of this appendix is to show the methodology used to derive the conversion factor between concentration in terms of weight percent boric acid and concentration in terms of parts per million (ppm) of naturally occurring boron.

Results For any species (solute) dissolved in some solvent, a solution having a

~

concentration of exactly 1 ppm can be obtained by dissolving i lbm of Os solute in 999,999 lbm of solvent. An aqueous solutioc having a concentration of 1 ppm boric acid, therefore, can be obtained by dissolving 1 lbm of boric acid in 999,999 lbm of water, or 1 ppm , 1 lbm boric acid ,

1 lbm boric acid ,

6 1 lbm boric acid + 999,999 lbm water 10 lbm solution For any species (solute) dissolved in some solvent, a solution having a concentration of 1 weight percent (wt. %) can be obtained by dissolving 1 lbm of solute in 99 lbm of solvent. An aqueous solution having a concentration of 1 wt. % boric acid, therefore, can be obtained by dissolving 1 lbm of boric acid in.99 lbm of water, or 1 wt. % =

1 lbm boric acid =

1 lbm boric acic' ,

100 1 lbm boric acid + 99 lbm water 100 lbm solution

}

Dividing these last two equations yields a ratio of 10 , or 1 wt. % boric acid = 10,000 ppm boric acid. (1.0) 1 of 2

O To convert from ppm boric acid (weight fraction) to ppm boron (weight fraction), multiply Equation 1.0 by the ratio of'the molecular weight of boric acid (naturally occurring H 0)* "h* ** "I* "*I 8h* f ""*""*117 3 3 occurring boron. From the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, I wt. % boric acid = (10,000) 10.81 ppm boron ,

61.83 or 1 wt. % boric acid = 1748.34 ppm boron.

O 1

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2 of 2

O Appendix 5 Boric Acid Solubility in Water ( }

Temperature (Degrees F) Wt. % H B0 3 3 32.0 2.52 41.0 2.98 50.0 3.49 I

.! 59.0 4.08 68.0 4.72 77.0 5.46 86.0 6.23 95.0 7.12 O 104.0 8.08 113.0 9.12 122.0 10.27 131.0 11.55 140.0 12.97 149.0 14.42 158.0 15.75 167.0 17.91 176.0 191.0 (1) Solubility from Technical Data Sheet IC-11, US Borax & Chemical Corporation, 3-83-J.W.

i O 1 of 1

- , ..-.-...- - - --.,-- - - - . . ,._,-._ - - - _- - -. ... - . .. . - - - .-. -