ML19337B445

Preliminary Assessment Human Factors Review of Lasalle County Station Control Room.

ML19337B445
Person / Time
Site:	LaSalle
Issue date:	09/29/1980
From:	COMMONWEALTH EDISON CO.
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ML19337B443	List: ML19337B442 ML19337B445
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Preliminary Assessment Human F actors Review of the LaSalle County Station Control Room i 29 September 1980 l

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Prepared By: Commonwea'th Edison Company Task Force l

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e o Table of Contents 1

Section Pages A. Introduction 1 B. Assessment Obj ective/ Criterion 1 4 C. Control Room Task Force Experience 1

D. Task Force Assessment Approach 1 i E. Control Room Improvements and 3 Implementation Schedule a

1. Controls

a. Arrangement and Grouping 3

b. Coding 3

, c. Accidental Activation a

d. Labeling 4

e. Knobs, Dials, and Switches 5 j 2. Annunciators / Alarms 6

3. Visual Displ ays

a. Arrangement and Grouping 7

b. Meters 10

c. Scale Design 10

d. Indicators and Counters 11

e. Chart Recorders 11

f. Plotters and Printers 12

g. Cathode Ray Tubes 12

h. Flashing Lights 12

1. Labeling 12

j. Mimics 14

4. Control Room Environment a Layout IS ,

s. Sound Levels 18  !

c. Ventilation (HVAC) 19

d. Protective Equipment 19

e. Communication Systems 19 i

f. Lighting 19

5. Maintenance 20

6. Computers ,

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7. Emergency Procedures Writing Guide 21

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List of Attachments Attachment 1 LaSalle County Station Human Factors Assessment of Control Room - Task Force Experience Attachment 2 Bibliography - Human Engineering Guidelines I

Attachment 3 Panel Visual Enhancement Drawings Attachment 4 Panel Layout Modifications A tt achm en t 5 LaSalle County Station Instrument Pointer Color and Instrument Range Banding Study Attachment 6 Reactor Water Cleanup and Recirculation Benchboard (1H13-P602)

Attachment 7 Mimic Changes on Reactor Core Cooling Panel 1H13-P601 l Attachment 8 LaSalle County Station Control Room Noise Survey Attachment 9 LaSalle County Station Control Room Lighting Survey i

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4 e a Preliminary Assessment Human F ac tors Review of the LaSalle County Station Control Room l A. Introduction A preliminary assessment of the human f actors aspects of the LaSalle County Station Unit 1 control room and instrumentation was performed by a Commonwealth Edison Company (CECO) Task Force between July 1, 1980 and August 31, 1980. This report was prepared to show compliance with Task I.D.1 of T.M.I. Action Plan SEC4-80-230, dated May 2, 1980.

B. Assessment Objective / Criterion The obj ective of the preliminary assessment was to identify significant human f actors deficiencies and instrumentation problems in the LaSalle County Station Unit I control room. A schedule f or implementing improvements to correct the deficiencies is included in this report.

To accomplish the objective, the following criterion was used by the CECO Task Force during the assessment:

Improve the control room operators' ability to assess and control plant abnormal operating conditions under stress situations f or safety related and non-safety related equipment.

C. Control Room Task Force Experience A task f orce was assembled with individuals from the LaSalle County Station, LaSalle County Station Project Engineering, Station Nuclear Engineering Department, Sargent and Lundy, General Physics Corp oration and Advanced Resources Development Corporation. The Task Force individuals were selected because of their previous engineering, human f actors and operating plant experience. The experience of the Task Force members is listed in Attachment 1.

The Station Nuclear Engineering Department added a human f actors engineer to its staff to assist in control room reviews. Also, consultants with five to ten years of industrial experience in man-machine interfaces from General Physics Corporation and the Advanced Resource Development Corporation were added to the Task Force to provide indepth experience in human factors engineering technology. The combination of the Task Force's experiences has improved the human factors engineering interfaces between the control room operators, the emergency opersting procedures and the LaSalle County Stction control boards. The results of the Task Force was reviewed with the General Electric Company Site Operations Manager.

D. Task Force Assessment Aporoach The Task Force used two methods for identifying problems related to the human f actors engineering aspects of the control room. The first method used the experience of the individuals most f amiliar with the control board operations. Consequently, a questionnaire was developed for control board operators and shift foremen. The questionnaire requested the identification of improvements in the

control room to increase the ability of the operator to carry out emergency and abnormal operating procedures. The questionnaire al so requested improvements in control board training, color coding, panel layout, annunciators, and communications.

The second method used the experience of the Task Force to conduct a survey of the human f actors aspects of the control room under the gui dance of General Physics Corporation and Advanced Resources Development Corporation. This method allowed the Task Force to i combine its engineering, human f actors and operating plant experience for problam identification and resolution. The areas reviewed were:

1. Controls

a. A rran gem ent and Grouping

b. Coding

c. Accidental Actuation

d. Labeling

e. Knobs, Dials and Switches

2. A nnu nci a tor s / Al arms

3. Vi s u al Disolays

a. Arrangement and Grouping

b. Meters

c. Scale Design

d. Indicators and Counters

e. Chart Recorders

f. Plotters and Printers .

• g. Cathode Ray Tubes

h. Flashing Lights

i. Labeling

j. Mimics 4 Control Room Environment

a. Layout

b. Sound

c. Ventilation (HVAC)

d. Protection Equipment

e. Communication Systems

f. Lighting

5. Maintenance

6. Computers

7. Emeroency Procedures Writina Guide In general, individual Task Force members participated in several of the tasks and the findings of both methods were reviewed within the Task Force to consolidate opinions, identify improvements and schedule improvement implementation. The LaSalle County Station review conducted by the Task Force applied the same human engineering guidelines contained in the documents listed in Attachment 2 that were used by the General Physics Corporation in the human f actors engineering review of the Zion Station control room.

' o E. Control Room Improvement and Implementation Schedule Most of the findings and improvements of the human factors review of the control room, identified in this report, are scheduled for implementation before fuel loading or during the first refueling outage. If alternate solutions to the findings are identified prior to implementation of the improvement, the alternate solutions will be considered by the LaSalle County Station operating management. The numbers and letters in the margin for the following findings, improvements and comments correspond to the above listing of areas reviewed.

la. CONTROLS - Arrangement and Grouping

1. Finding The operators sometimes search for the silence / acknowledge / test / reset pushbutton groups on the control board.

1. Imorovement Outline each group of silence / acknowledge / test / reset pushbuttons with a 1/8 inch wide black line and paint the panel background brown inside the line before fuel loading.

2. Finding Control identification and separation on the remote snutdown panel can be emphasized by using demarcation lines and additional system labeling. j

2. Improvement Visual enhancement and separation of subsystem controls will be achieved by applying panel demarcation lines and labeling to the remote shutdown panel as shown in Attachment 3 before i I

fuel loading.

lb. CONTROLS - Coding

1. Finding The operators expressed a need to have more information available to discriminate between pump J-handle controls and valve J handle controls.

1. Improvement The pump J handle controls will be dipped in a white plastisol  ;

coating to differentiate pump controls from valve controls by color coding and texture before fuel loading. l

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1b. CONTROLS - Coding (Cont'd)

2. Finding

'Some trip buttons are color coded red and others are black.

2. Imorovement Trip buttons will be color coded red. Also, the panel area surrounding a trip button will be outlined with a 1/8 inch wide black line and the panel painted red inside the line bef ore fuel l oading .

3. Fi ndi n g The operators rely on memory for identification of throttleable and open/ closed valve J-handle controls.

3. Improvement Various methods of color, texture, shape, or notation coding are being considered by the Station. A method f or diff erentiating throttleable from open/ closed valve controls will be determined and implemented bef ore fuel loading.

Ic. CONTROLS - Accidental Activation

1. F i ndi ng J-handles loc ated close to the horizontal edge of the control boards could be accidentally activated by brushing against the boards.

1. Imorovement I Install protection bars on the horizontal. edge of control boards bef ore fuel loading.

Id. CONTROLS - Labeling

1. Finding The arm / disarm position indication for the ECCS switch is l located on the side of the switch. During a multiple alarm '

situation an operator needs to search the annunciator panel or look at the side of the switch to verify it is armed, j l

1. Imorovement l l

Provide position indication on the front of the ECCS Trip arn/ disarm switch before fuel loading, i

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-S-id. CONTROLS - Labeling (Cont'd)

2. Finding Valve labeling on the turbine control panel (1PM02J) uses solenoid valve numbering instead of primary valve numbering.

2. Imorovement Change labels to indicate primary valve numbering before fuel loading.

3. Finding On the turbine control panel (1PM02J), the steam packing extracter valves are reversed. "E1" should read "E2" and "E2" should read "E1".

3. Improvement Correct labels before fuel loading.

4. Finding On the Reactor Core Cooling panel (1H13-P601) several control labels have white lettering on a red background and white 1 lettering on a grey background. The lettering-to-background contrast should be improved for good legibility.

4. Improvement Replace the red and grey background labels with labels having black lettering (3/16 inch high) and a white background before  ;

fuel loading.  !

5. Finding j l

Annunciator acknowledge / silence / test / reset pushbutton groups are labeled consistently with one exception. One group is labeled acknowledge / horn / test / reset.

5. Imorovement Label that reads " horn" will be changed to read " silence" before fuel loading.

le. CONTROLS, Knobs, Dials, and Switches

1. Finding )

Rod motion pushbutton controls are difficult to depress, f causing operator fatigue during startup withdrawal or manual shutdown insertion of rods.

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le. CONTROLS - Knobs, Dials, and Switches (Cont'd)

1. Imorovement The Station and General Electric are investigating if it is practical to modify the rod motion pushbuttons.

2. Finding l

Turning the scram reset knob requires considerable torque.

2. Imorovement i

The Station and General Electric are investigating if it is practical to modify the scram reset knob.

3. Finding The feedwater speed changer J-handle switch increases pump speed by rotating the switch counter-clockwise. Also the switch decreases pump speed by rotating speed changer switch clockwise. This is the reverse convention for the control room.

3. Imorovement

, Rewire feedwater speed changer switch to increase pump speed when switch is rotated clockwise and to decrease pump speed when switch is rotated counter-clockwise. The rewiring and

relabeling of the switch will be completed before fuel loading.

2. ANNUNCIATORS / ALARMS i '

1. Comment The Task Force reviewed the subject of annuciator priorization and the results of the experiment conducted at the Westinghouse Zion Training Simulator in Reference 22 of the bibliography in Attachment 2. The Task Force had the following comments:

A. Multiple Alarms l

A multiple alarm condition occurs for a reactor trip.

Priorization of the cause of the reactor trip occurs on the "B" annunciator block on the 1H13-P601 panel. In addition, turbine trips on IPM02J and EHC problems in the Auxiliary Electric Room also have first out capability.

These annunciators identify the cause of the Reactor Trip, Turbine Trip, or EHC problem. The first annunciator to alarm is identified by a red light; subsequent reactor trip annunciators are identified by white lights. In both cases, an audible horn sounds.

The color coding draws the reactor operator's attention to the cause of the plant shutdown, turbine trip, or EHC problem. At this point, the operator performs the

2. ANNUNCIATORS / ALARMS (Cont'd)

A. Multiple Alarms (Cont'd) 4 immediate actions identified in the appropriate LGA or LOA. The operator uses all available instrumentation, 4

valve indication, and equipment status to verify a safe

! shutdown. After completion of the appropriate LGA or LOA

! by the operator, the annunciator alarm panels are reviewed by the operator to determine if any abnormal conditions exist. In summary, the operator first reviews plant instrumentation and equipment controls required by abnormal procedure to verify safe shutdown of the reactor. Later, the operator reviews the remaining annunciator alarms and equipment instrumentation and controls for abnormal equipment conditions related to the conditions that shutdown the plant. Therefore, it appears to be inappropriate to prioritize alarms other than the first out alarms.

B. Single Alarms The station is developing a dark board concept to i eliminate status type annunciator alarms. Therefore, an annunciator alarm will require an operator to take action during plant operation. Again, it appears inappropriate to prioritize alarms other than the first out alarms.

1. Finding Annunciator display - control switch relationships can be improved by relocating some annunciator display windows closer to control switches.

1. Improvement The LaSalle County Station will identify by 10-1-80 the annunciator display windows that will be relocated.

Relocation will begin before fuel loading.

3a. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Arrangement and Grouping

1. Finding Meter arrangement on the Containment Monitoring and Leak Detection panel (LPM 13J) is inconsistent.

1. Improvement Rearrange the existing three containment vertical meters located side-by-side in the upper left quadrant of the panel to read, from left to right, Hu,idity, Pressure, and Temperature. This rearrangement makes the upper left quadrant set of meters identical in arrangement to the upper right quadrant set of similar meters. This will be completed before fuel loading.

3a. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Arrangement and Grouping (Cont'd)

2. Finding Grouping of indicator lights on the Auxililary Systems vertical panel (1PM10J) needs clarification.

2. Improvement Add vertical demarcation lines between sets of lights to clarify grouping of green / red indicator lights before fuel loading.

3. Finding The Reactor Coolant Level indicator is located with the RHR S Group of meters but is not controlled by that system only.

3. Imorovement ll Enlarge reactor " vessel"

" mimic and add meter to

" the left of barrier lIj before fuel loading as ii indicated in sketch at

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e o 3a. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Arrangement and Grouping (Cont'd)

4. Finding Visual association of controls and displays can be improved by color shading around controls and displays.

4. Improvement Visual association of controls and displays will be improved by color shading panels around controls and displays as shown in Attachment 3 before fuel loading.

, 5. Finding

, The controls located on the Auxiliary Systems benchboard (IPM09J) and the associated meters located on the Auxiliary Systems vertical panel (IPM10J) are not spacially related to one-another.

5. Imorovement Move pairs of meters on the Aux. Systems vertical panel (LPM 10J) to the positions shown by the arrows on page 7 of Attachment 3 before fuel loading.

6. Finding Visual association of controls and displays can be improved by locating displays vertically above control switches or horizontally adjacent to control switches where possible.

6. Improvement Engineering drawings showing the rearrangement of controls and displays in Attachment 4 will be completed before fuel loading. Physical rearrangement of control swi-tches and instrumentation devices on the control panel will be performed during plant outages and completed after the first fuel cycle of operation.

7. Finding The arrangement of the PP B/C Room and PP B/C Duct meters on the RHR B sub-system is not consistent with the corresponding meters on the RHR A sub-system.

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7. Improvement Interchange location of PP B/C Room and PP B/C Duct meters on RHR B panel before fuel loading.

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O e 3a. VISU AL DISPLAYS - Arranaement and Grouoino (Cont'd)

8. Finding Meter and strip chart sub-system grouping in the upper left quadrant of the HVAC vertical board (1PM06J) could be improved.

8. Imorovement Exchange positions of meters and strip chart recorders indicated by the double ended arrows on page 8 of attachment 3.

3b. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Meters

1. Finding Glare axists on vertical and circular meters due to reflection from the Unit 1 white computer table top work desk. (See Attachment 9)

1. Improvement Change the white table top to reduce glare bef ore f uel loading.

3c, VISU AL DISPLAYS - Scale Design

1. Finding The human f actors review of the Zion Station indicated instrument pointer detectability on a white background was improved by changing pointer color from black to orange and t

adding a green band f or normal operating range. The. Task Force had General Physics investigate the detectability and accuracy of the design of the present vertical meters with white pointers on black background.

General Physics conducted an experiment comparing the detectability of a white pointer on a black background and an orange pointer on a white b ackground and a black b ackground.

Each condition was run with and without green normal-range banding. Also, two diff erent widths of green normal range banding were evaluated. The results of the- experiment are described in Attachment 5 and summarized below.

Resoonse Time - Seconds Color Pointer / Background Green Band Condition Under Pointer No 7/32" 1/8" Band Band . Band White pointer /

black background 1.53 1.24 1.11

1 Response Time - Seconds (Cont'd)  ;

Color Pointer /Backcround Green Band Condition Under Pointer No 7/32" 1/8" Band Band Band Orange pointer /

black background 1.17 1.07 1.07 Orange pointer /

white background 1.30 1.06 -

1. Imo rovem en t Green transparent tape will be added to the external surface of selected meters which have a normal operating range af ter initial start-up. Once the temporary green banding is verified as being in the correct range and helpful to the operators, it will be permanently applied to the face of the meter under the pointer during normal calibration.

3d. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Indicators and Counters

1. Finding Blue indicator lights with diffusers installed are barely detectable when on. The operators have removed the diffusers from the lens caps to make the indicator lights more de t ec tab l e . That improved detectability but some of the blue lights remain dim. It was also noticed that there are two styles of blue lens caps, and one style attenuates the light more than the other.

1. Imorovement Replace " dark" blue lens caps with the lighter, more transparent lenses bef ore fuel loading.

3e. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Chart Recorders

1. Findina Several of the chart recorders are using the wrong type of paper (i.e. printed with the wrong scale increments f or that particular meter).

1. Imorovement Station will install the correct paper before fuel loading.

4 3f. VISU AL DISPLAYS - Plotters and Printers No Findings 3g. VISU AL DISPLAYS - Cathode Ray Tubes No Findings 3h. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Flashing Lights No Findings Comment Flashing lights are used in the control room to direct the operator's attention to an abnormal condition announced by the annunciator horn. An annunciator horn and a flash rate of 120 times a minute identifies f or the operator which annunciator on a panel has the abnormal condition. The horn is silenced and the annunciator window remains constantly lit on

• acknowledgement by the operator. A bell tone and an annunciator flash rate of 60 times per minute occurs to notify the operator that the abnormal condition cleared. The Task Force considered the operator's response to the combination of audio and visual signals sufficient to recognize annunciator alarm conditions.

31. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Labeling

1. Fi ndi ng Several labels on the reactor control panel (lH13-P603) could use larger lettering to improve readability.

1. Imorovement Replace labels having lettering height less than 3/16 of an inch with labels that meet this requirement bef ore fuel loading.

2. Finding On the Reactor Core Cooling panel (1H13-P601), the label f or the RHR temperatures strip chart recorder is shadowed by the recorder.

2. Imo rovem en t Move label onto the bezel of the strip chart recorder bef ore fuel loading.

3. F i nd i n o Label that reads, " CONDENSER" should read " CONDENSATE" on the Turbine Control panel 1PM02J.

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31. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Labelino (Cont'd)

3. Imcrovement Station will change before fuel loading.

4. Fi ndi n g Some of the labels on the Emergency Core Cooling panel (1H13-P601) use abbreviations that are not eq u i v al ent to Sargent and Lundy standard abbrevi ations.

4. Imo ro vem en t Station will replace labels with standard Sargent and Lundy abbreviations before fuel loading.

5. Finding Labels could be added to improve clarity on the Reactor Water Cleanup and Recirculati on panel .

5. Improvement Station will add labels as follows before fuel loading (see panel drawing, Attachment 6, f or use of ref erence numbers in parentheses).

(1) Add label, "TO WASTE COLLECTOR" (2) Add label, "T0 MAIN CONDENSER" (3) Add label, " RETURN TO FEEDWATER" (4) Add label, "FROM RECIRC LOOP A" (5) Add label, "FROM RECIRC LOOP B" (6) Add label, "FROM R EACTOR BOTTOM H EAD" (7) Remove horizontal portion of mimic then add label, "T0 R EACTOR VESSEL" (8) Same as 7 (9) Add label, "FROM REACTOR VE SSEL" (10) Same as 9

6. Finding Panel / System labels could u:c larger lettering to improve readability.

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31. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Labeling (Cont'd)

6. Imorovement Replace Panel / System labels with labels of inch letter size bef ore fuel loading.

3j. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Mimics

1. Finding Mimic is incomplete on the HVAC vertical p an el (LPM 06J).

1. Imo ro vem en t Station will complete the mimic as shown on the engineering drawing lEl-4557AW bef ore fuel l oadi ng.

2. Comm en t Multi-color mimics are used on the control board panels to show where sub-systems input into systems. The review showed that the operators have no difficulty understanding what a particular color mimic represents and they do not have any confusion in understanding when the same color is used on two different panels. It is the consensus of the Task Fe.ce that it would be too little or no advantage to standardize the mimic color coding system as long as the mimics are consistent within each control room panel .

2. Finding Incomplete ar.d inconsistant mimics were found during the human f ac tors review.

2) Imo rovem en t The following is a panel by panel breakdown of the mimic changes needed. The following numbers in parentheses are in reference to the numbers shown on the drawing of panel (1H13-P601) contained in Attachment 7. The following 21 improvements will be implemented before fuel loading.

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3j. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Mimics (Cont'd)

(1) Add an extension to the mimic and a label "T0 SUPPRESSION POOL CLEAN-UP" between RHR pump E12 C002C and key switch RHR pump suction valve E12 F004C.

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uau (2) Arrows on mimic between heat exchanger B level control and heat exchanger B level indicator should point to the left.

(3) Add a segment to mimic and a tag saying, " RETURN TO FUEL P0OL COOLING."

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(4) Modify mimic out of emergency make-up water E12-F093 to  !

join RHR' pump E12-C002B. Remove connectian with output of heat ' exchanger bypass E12-F0488.

See illu stration bel ow. l

- denotes segment su 1 removed

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O O L O OO O ~ - denote 5 Se9 ment added

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3j. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Mimics (Cont'd)

(5) Mimic to switch E12F0538 RHR Shutdown should be orange instead of black ( to be cons istent) .

(6) Add segment to mimic and tag saying, "FROM FUEL P0OL COOLING" Arrow on mimic segment sh,ould point to the left.

(7) Mimic out of RHR suction cooling valve E12-F005 should be orange instead of black.

(8) Change label to re ad "T0 RCIC/ HEAD SPD.~ r SPGR" instead of "TO HEAD SPRAY SPGR".

(9) Add red mimic between lat,el of heat exchanger A level control and controller as shown in sketch below.

u--- -- Add this segment U ~~

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T (10) A d d s,e gm en t to mimic out of valve E21-F012 to suppression pool as shown on drawing in Attachment 7.

(11) Relocate label "FROM RHR" to switch RCIC test check valve E51-F065.

(12) Finish mimic at RCIC test check valve ES1-F066 to run between indicator lights.

(13) Add label, "FROM RHR" to discharge side of RCIC pump s uction valve E51-F031 as shown in sketch below.

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3j. VISU AL DISPLAYS - Mimics (Cont'd)

(14) Mimic should be grey instead of orange coming out of turbine cooling water valve E57-F046.

(15) Switch name tags. (Work request written by GE). ,

(16) Change label to read "R EACTOR' BUILDING EQUIPMENT DR AIN TANK" from "RCIC DISCHARGE ISOLATION VALVE E57-F004" (17) Top switch needs label.

(18) Move label th at reads "T0 RHR HEAT EXCHANGER" above RC) isolation valve indicator lights E51-F064 and connect mimic to label from discharge of RCIC isolation valve E51-F063 as shown in sketch below, y4', +-

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j [1'-fi Move laba) nere.

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4 wzw .."r- denotes added mimic segment.

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3j. VISUAL DISPLAYS - Mimics (Cont'd)

(19) Remove mimic from extending to strip chart recorder and add label "FROM MSL UPSTREAM 0F THE INBOARD MSIV" as shown in sketch below.

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\ Add label remove mimic Strlc Cbart

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(20) Mimic should point down as shown in sketch below.

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C C U*vC I (Reverse flow direction l } [- -]

arrow or cross-hatched

section)

(21) Rotate restricting orifice mimic symbol 900 4a. CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Layout Comment No finding.

4b. CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Sound Levals

1. Finding The results of the LaSalle County Station Control Ronm Noise Survey are contained in Attachment 8. The survey showed the 78dB(A) intensity of one i

4b. CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Sound Levels (Cont'd) of the alarms at the electrical yard control board and the 80dB(A) intensity of the alarm at the computer console provided irritation to some of the control room operators.

1. Imorovement Reduce the intensity of both alarms bef ore fuel loading.

4c. CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Ventilation (HVAC)

No finding 4d, CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Protective Ecuioment i

1. Finding Communications beyond about 5 f eet are difficult with protective emergency breathing apparatus on.

1. Imo rovem en t The Station is reviewing the use of Ear-Com communications between operators wearing f ace masks while in the control room. Operators' communications equipment will be selected bef ore fuel l oad i n g .

4e. CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Communication Systems

1. F i nd i ng The River Screen House telephone cord is too short which makes the phone difficult to use.

1. Imorovement l The cord has been extended.

2. Finding There is no telephone in the northwest corner of th e control room.

2. Imp ro vem en t Telephone j acks were installed on the HVAC panel for a p ortable telephone.

4f. CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Lighting

1. Finding The control room '.ghting survey discussed in Attachment 9 shows areas of the control room where there is less than 30 l

f oot-candles of direct illumir.ation, i

4f. CONTROL ROOM ENVIRONMENT - Lighting (Cont'd)

1. Imorovement Additinnal lighting will be installed in the control room bef ore fuel l oading.

5. MAINTENANCE

1. Finding Non-permanent labels such as "dyno-tape" are used on the control board and annunciator alarm windows.

1. Improvement The Task Force agrees that the use of non-permanent labels is essential during pl ant start-up because of the lead time in obtaining permanent l ab el s . The non-permanent labels are used by the control room operators and shift supervisors to supply useful information as needed on the control board and annunciator alarm windows during plant construction and testing. The Station will put into effect before fuel loadi#,g an administrative procadure controlling and recording the use of non-permanent labels and their replacement with permanent labels. The station is also having the present non-permanent labels made into permanent labels f or installation bef ore fuel l oadi ng.

2. Fi ndi ng There is no electrical lamp test cap ability f or control panel i nd i c a tor lights.

2. Imorovement The Station will add to an administrative procedure by 10-1-80 a method f or verifying operability of i nd i c a tor lights.

3. Finding Control panel indicator light bulbs are difficult to replace.

3. Imp rovem en t The Station has ordered a tool to aid in the replacement of bulbs bef ore fuel l oadi ng.

6. COMPUTERS Comment No finding

7. Emergency Procedures Writino Guide Finding The LaSalle abnormal procedure writing guide LAP 820-2 was reviewed using General Physics checklist criteria f or procedures and was f ound acceptable. Af ter the LaSalle ab normal procedures are revised to incorp orate BWR's owner group technical criteria, the procedures should be ev aluatad to verify conf ormance to LAP 820-2.

Imorovement The LaSalle County abnormal procedures will be ev aluated to

.' verify conf ormance to LAP 820-2 bef ore fuel loading.

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Attachment 1 i Page 1 of 2 LaSalle County Station Human Factors Assessment of Control Room -

Task Force Exoerience

?.esoonsibility Task Force Experience Task Force Coordinator

• Former Zion Station Shift Foreman.

R.J. Sqa " ,~~~~ Responsible for developing a Station Nuclear Engineering Department control room design standard.

Control Room Design Former Dresden Station Superintendent.

B.B. Stephenson LaSalle County Station Project Manager i responsible for LaSalle County Station design and construction.

T.E. Watts Former Dresden Station Tech Staff R.O. Ralpn (Alternate) Supervisor. LaSalle County Stre an Project engineer responsible for LaSalle County Station control board engineering.

D.L. Rahn Sargent & Lundy control room design engineer for LaSalle County Station.

Human Factors Station Nuclear Engineering Department S.A. Schumann engineer with a B.S. in Human Factors Engineering.

E.B. Silverman

• Advanced Resources Development Corporation consultant.

M.S. in Human Factors Engineering and Ph.d. in Applied Experimental Psychology. Ten years experience in man-machine interface design.

D.C. Buroy

• General Physics Corporation consultant.

M.A. in Human Factors Engineering and Ph.d. candidate in Applied Experimental Psychology. years experience in man-machine ...e. race design and evaluation.

Instrumentation

• Former Zion Station Electrical R.E. Howard Operating Engineer. Station Electrical Engineering Department Zion Station instrument and controls engineer.

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Attachment 1 Page 2 of 2

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LaSalle County Station Human Factors Assessment of Control Room -

Task Force Exoerience Instrumentation (Cont'd) Former Operation Analysis Department W.J. Sigle engineer with 10 years of plant instrumentation and control testing experience. Station Electrical l

Engineering Department L&Selle County Station instrumentation and controls engineer.

Operating LaSalle County Station Senior Operating i R. Raguse Engineer Responsible for operation of LaSal!? County Station Units 1 & 2.

Procedures LaSalle County Station Shift Foreman M. McQuade responsible fer writing station W. Sly procedures.

j Training LaSalle Cou*ity Station Training

! J. Mcdonald Instructor responsible for training C. Maney candidates to be licansed.

• Participated in the Human Factors Review of the Zion Station control room, April-June 1980.

l 6356A

Attachment 2 Page 1 of 2 SIBLIOGRAPHY baman Enoineering Guidelines

1. Chapanis, A. Research Techniques in Hum _Enoineering. Saltimo*e, Maryland The John Hopkins Press,1959.

2. DeGreene, K. B. Systems Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.

3. Edeth, H. E. Conditions for Improving Visual Inf ormati on Prccessing, (Final Report ONR-TR88). B al t i mor e, MD: The John Hopkins University, 31 August 1976.

4. Engel, S. E. & Granda, R. E. Guidelines for Man Display Interfaces, (IBM Technical Report #TR00.2720). Poughkeepsie, New York Laboratory, December 1975.

5. Fleishman, E. A., and Bass, 1. R. Studies in Personnel and I ndu s tri al Psychology (3rd ed.). Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press, 1974.

6. Gagne, R. M. Psycholooical Principles in System Development, New York:

Holt, Rinehart & Wi nston, 1962.

7. Horton, Display Systems Engineering. R andom Systems P ress,1970.

8. IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Disolay and Control F aci liti es i for central Control Rooms of Nuclear Power Generating Stations (I EEE STD. 566-1977). NY: The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., 8 July 1977.

9. Kerlinger, F. W. Foundations of Behavorial Research. New York:

Holt, ,

Rineh art & Wi nston, 1973.

10. Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Inc. Human Factors Methods for Nuclear Control R oom Design (EPRI NP-1118-54), Palo Alto, CA:

Electric Power Researen Institute, June 1979.

11. Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Human Factors Review of Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Desion (EPRI NP-309-SY). Palo Alto, CA: El ectric Power Research Institute, November 1976,

12. McCormick, E. J. Human Factors in Engineering and Design. New York:

McG raw-H i ll , 1976.

13. Military Standard. Human Engineering Design Criteria for Mi l i t a ry Systems, Eouioment, and F acilities (MIL-STD-14728). Wasnington, UL: Department of Defense, 31 December 1974,

14. Morgan, C. T., Cook, J. S., Chapanis, A., and Lund, M. W. Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Desion. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.

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Attachment 2 Page 2 of 2 l

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15. Reoort of the P resi dent 's Commissi on on the Accident at Three Mile Island, (Kemeny Report). Washington, DC, October, 1979.

16. Rogovin, M. and F ranston, G. T. Three Mile Island: A Report to the Commissioners ano to the Puolic, Volume 1. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssi on Sp eci al Inquiry Group, 1980.

17 . Seminara, J. L. , P ack , R. W. , Gonz al ez, W. R. and Parsons, S.0.

" Human Factors in the Nuclear Control Room." Nuclear Safety 18 (December 1977): 77-790.

18. Sheridan, T. B. " Human Error in Nuclear Power Plants." Techno'ogy Review 82, 4, (February 1980): 22-23.

19. Swain, A. D. Preliminary Human F actors Analysis of Zion Nuclear Power Plant (SAND 76-0324; NUREG 76-6503). Albuquerque, NM: Sandia Lacoratories, October 1975.

20. '! a . Cott, H. P. and Kindade, R. G. Human Engineering Guide to Eq u i pm en t Desion. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.

21. Woodson, W. E. & Conover, D. W. Human Engineerino Guide for Ec ui omen t Desion. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.

22. Letter W.F. Naughton to H.R. Denton, Zion Station Units 1 & 2 Implementation of 120 Day Item of Confimatory Order NRC Docket Nos.

50-295 and 50-304 dated June 26, 1980.

6355A I

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Attachmen't 5 Page 1 of 21 M ETH CD_

SUBJECTS The subjects were volunteer employees of General Physics Corporation (GPC) who were recruited instantaneously for participation in the experiment.

Subject selection was then, monosystematic, although approxLmately e=ual numbers of experienced and inexperienced subjects were recruited. ,

For the purpose of the experiment, a subject was considered experienced if they had an employment background which included Navy nuclear surf ace ships or submarines, military or private aviation, and/or nuclear power plant control room experience. Subjects without Navy, aviation, or power plant experience were considered to be inexperienced.

Subjects were both male and female. For detailed information regarding relevent subject characteristics see the Subject Data found in Appendix A.

In Part I, eight subjects were utiliced and for Part II, eighteen subjects were utiliced.

All subjects were screened for vision characteristics which included l

vision correction and colorblindness. Only subjects with normal color

)

vision uncorrected, or corrected to about 20/20, were used in the experiment. j i

DESIGN A repeated measures design was utiliced in both parts of the experiment.

Each subject served in both a " Band" and "No Band" condition. In Part II, the " Land" condition utiliced the same width band from Part I (this became the " Wide Band") and a band approximately one-half the width of the previous band (this became the " Narrow Band") . Thus the design reflects a two P

factorial design with repeated measures on one factor. In both parts, each subject acted as her or his own control by viewing the meter - both the l l

banded and non-banded conditions.

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Attachmant 5 Page 2 of 21 AFPARAT"S Soth portions of the experiment utilized a vertical scale meter typical of that used in a control room of a Commonwealth Edison Nuclear power plant.

In order to minimize distracticns in the subjects immediate line of vision around the meter's vicinity, a manila paper border was placed around the meter.

This border was constructed by cutting a rectangular hole in the center of cne side of a manila folder and mounting the meter in the hole. It should be noted that there were no apparent visual distractions but the manila border did contribute to forming a hemogeneous backdrop against which the meter was viewed. The meter and border were then mounted on a section of grey steel bookshelving which was mounted on two bcxes placed on a small table. A pastel bed sheet was draped over the bookshelving, boxes, and table to further homogenize the viewing area. (In Part I the sheet was a very pale green and, in part II, the sheet was a pale beige.) The table and boxes were selected in order to bring the meter to a height in line with an average person's line of vision (56 inches) . Figure 1 illustrates the meter display apparatus.

The meter faces used in both portions of the experiment diffendslightly.

Both used high density linear scales, but the scale used in Experiment I had values of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 reading on the right side. The scale used in Part II had the values of 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 22 reading on the left side of the scale. The Part I scale was incremented in hash marks with a  !

value of two units each. The Part II scale had hash marks between each whole value with a val,ue of h unit each. The two meters are illustrated in Figure 2. ,

I The pointers for each linear scale used in both parts of the experiment also differed. In Part I, the pointer was on the left of the scale. In Part II, the pointir was on the right.

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N Figure 2 The meters used in both parts of the experiment. The meter on the left was used in Part II and the meter on the right was used in Part I.

_ Attachment 5 Page 5 of 21 Tor Part I, the " normal operating range" was explained to the subject as being between the values of 6 and 11, inclusive. For Part II, the range was 9 to 15, inclusive. The difference was necessitated in order to accom-modate the difference in the two meter scales. However, care was taken to place the range in approximately the same relative position on the meter and between two whole nu=ber values. The result was a range band which measured 1 1/2 x 7/32 inches. This band was the one used in the banded ecndition for Part I and as the " wide" hand in Part II. The " narrow" band used in Part II was approximately one-half the width of the " wide" band.

The bands were placed in the center of the band area so that the " wide" band fit the entire width of the area and the " narrow" band fit in the center of the area with the background color exposed equally on both sides of the band.

The orange pointers utilized in both portions of the experi:nent were constructed by cutting a triangular piece of international orange from a large piece of adhesive-backed paper. The piece was cut the same size as the meter pointer so that it completely covered the exposed surface of the pointer. For the white pointer condition, the white pointer which was already mounted on the meter was used without changes.

For the white background used in Part I, a white piece of paper was affixed to the meter face to cover the standard black background. For Part II, the standard black background was used.

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Attachment 5 Page 6 of 21 f

The Meter race Cevers differed slightly in that Part I utilized a f non-reflecting black cever and Part II uti;ized a ncn-reflecting grey cover.

Both Peter race Covers had a clear plastic cover through which the meter l scale and pointer could be seen.

l Since the clear plastic portiren of the Meter Face Cover tended to 4

reflect the overhead lighting, care was taken to place the display appara' as 1

in the same location for both portions of the experiment. The meter was i

also placed in the same position on ths display apparatus to reconstruct the same viewing conditions for both portions of the experiment.

The room used in the experiment was a conference room located on the 4 Tourth floor of GPC's Columbia Office. The room, to distinguish it from l other confersnce rocms in the same location, is the one directly behind i

l the receptionist's desk. A floor plan of the room is illustrated in Figure 3.

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PROCEDURE j Suojects entered the conference room, were seated at the conference

- able, and were asked the screening questions. The questions inquired as te name, age, sex, whether or not they had had previous experience reading meters, whether or not their vision was corrected, and whether or not they I

were colorblind.

The subjects were instructed by experimenter I on how to read the linear scale and on what their task would involve. The linear scale was first introduced and subjects were told that it fit in a meter used in control rocms to monitor various functions of a power plant. It was pointed out

-that the scale had a " normal operating range" between two values, in-cluding those values, and that for a portion of the_ experiment there would be J

i a band on the meter (an example of a banded scale (s) was shown) cenforming

! to this range. The subjects were told they would make a total of 18- readings in each condition and that they were to recpond with a "yes" or "no" answer

.to_each reading. They would answer "yes" if the pointer indicated a value i which was within the " normal operating zange" and "no" if the pointer in-

) dicated a value outside (above or below) the, " normal operating range". They  !

were instructed to answer aloud as soon as they had an answer.

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Attachment 5 Page 7 of 21 Conference t ( Experimenter l # #

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Attachment 5 Cnce it was ascertained that the subjects ur.derstood their task.agg;j yof 21 were directed to the viewing position and told to stand erect at that point, refraining f rc= leaning forward, lef t, or right during the readings.

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For both portions of the experiment, two trial readings were made before the subjects' responses were recorded. In" Part I, this occurred at the beginning of the actual readings while the subjee:s were standing in the designat-d position. In Part II, the trial readings occurred while the subject was still seated at the conference table.

,i For the actual readings, Experimenter 2 held a sheet of manila folder 1

in front of the meter and said "go", as he pulled it away for the subject to read. At the sound of "go", Experimenter 1 activated a stopwatch and terminated the stcpwatch at the sound of the subject's response of "yes" or "no".

Experimenter 2 then told the subject to turn around while he hanged the meter j l and, during this ti=e, Experimenter 1 recorded the response and reaction l 4

I time on the data sheet. -

The procedure was repeated for all readings of each condition. At l the completion of the readings for one condition, Experimenter 2 would change the meter to the next band condition and repeat the readings. The band conditions counterbalanced.

The order of the nine values for the first and second set of readings was as follows:

List I: 9, 5, 11, 3, 10, 6, 12, 7, 14

. List II: 14, 7, 12, 6, 10, 3, 11, 5, 9 The nine values ;ere chosen so that three fell within the " normal operating range", four were outside, and two were on the edge.

l In Part 2, counterbalancing was accomplished by the following: The three band conditions (Wide, Narrow and No-E2nd) were counterbalanced.

Attachment 5

' Page 9 of 21 Group I Set 1 24t 2 Set 3

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15 No W N 16 W N No 17 N No W 18 No W N Group 2 19 W N No 20 N No W 21 No W N 22 W N No 23 N No W 24 No W N 25 W N No 26 N No W 27 No W N i W = Wide Band N = Narrow Band No = No Eand i

i The order of the values were as follows:

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' 9, 13, 17, 15, 7, 11.

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List II: 11, 7, 15, 17, 13, 9.

List III: 7, 15, 17, 13, 9, 11.

The six values were chosen so that two values fell outside the range, two within, and two On the edge.

After the readings were performed, the subjects were debriefed, solicited for coments, and thanked .for their participation.

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Attachm;nt 5 Page 10 of 21 FS.S"LTS The data collected in the experis:ent tends to support our initial .

hypotheses. They are:

e the presence of a range band on'a meter face facilitates faster reaction times than a meter with no range band (Band /No-Band) e an orange pointer on a black background tends to result in faster viewer reaction times than an orange pointer en a white background or -

a white pointer on a black background (Pointer Color) e a narrow range band tends to result in faster reaction times by the viewers than a wide range band (Wide vs. Narrow)

One hypothesis was not supported by the data, but upon consideration of the data, it is apparent that the hypothesis did not take some important part into account. The hypothesis was that the presence -f a range band would result in clearer readings and, therefore, fewer errors in meter readings. Instead, it was discovered that the opposite was true. However, the fact not taken into consideration was that the experienced subjects have been trained to assume a negative case when a meter is on a line between an in-tolerance and out-of-tolerance condition.

The data for subject number 22 in Part II has been excluded from the analysis. This was necessitated by the fact that the subject had changed optical prescriptions the day before the experiment and the resultant data reflected yroble.sy with visual acquity. The point was brought.to the atten-tion of the Experimenter during the intake period but did not appear to be any problem so the subject was allowed to participate in spite of this.

When the data was inspected later, it was evident there was a significant problem in the use of this data. See Appendix A for the subjects' infomation.

BAND /NO BMiD .

Part I of the experiment dealt almost exclusively with the 3MID and NO BAND cenditions. The resultant data for each subject was averaged and compared using a st.andard t-test (Table 3). The result was a -2.59 T-value for the BAND versus NO BAND condition. T,his'means that the value is significant at the 0.02 level in a two-tailed test. Since the relationship

Attachmen2 s Page 11 of 21 was so strong in Part I, the data f or Part I! was analyzed for the BM;D versus NO EM D conditions. However, an examination of the averaged secres was made and, as is shown in Table 4, the relationship is ve:y similar for the subjects in Part II when the Narrow and Wide Band scores we averaged together for the BMID condition and compared to the NO 3MID condition of Part II. The mean scores for Part II are shown in Table 4.

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Attachmont 5 Page le or 4 BAND NO BAND mean 1.06 1.30 scores t T - value = -2.59 l

Df = 8 P- = .02 TABLE 3 Mean reaction times for BAND and

, NO BAND conditions in Part I of the experi:nents and resultant date for 2-tailed t-test.

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A22achment 5 Page 13 of 21 BAND CONDITION BAND NO BAND c/W l.06 1.30 Pointer Condition 0/B 1.07 1.17 1 W/B 1.17 1.53 x 1.10 1.33 1

1 TABLE 4 1

i Mean reaction times of Narrow and

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Wide band conditions combined to form BANDED and the result compared to the

, , NO BAND condition in Part II.

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A2tachment 5 Page 14 of 21 POINTER CCLOR A t-test was performed on the data for Part II in order to test the significance of the differences in reaction times for both pointer colors of white and orange on a black background in the banded cendition. Since there were an unequal nurber of subjects in the orange and white pointer groups, it was decided to perform the test on the means of the two groups. The result of 9.17 indicates a significant difference at the .05 level with one degree of freedom. This would support the hypothesis that an orange pointer on a black background results in a faster reaction than a white pointer on the same background. The results of the t-test are shewn in Table 5.

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A22achment 5 Page 16 of 21 Since it has been supported that a banded meter would be preferred over a non-banded meter in a pcwer plant application, the next logical 1

question to consider would be the width of the band. The information collected in Part II provided sufficient data to test whether a wide band or a narrow band would be preferred in this application.

A t-test performed on the data in Part II indicates that the narrow band results in significantly faster reaction times than the wide band. The t-value of 2.289 is significant to the .05 level for c two-tailed test with 8 degrees of freedom.

The data shown in Table 6 presents the means of the two groups and the t-test data.

ERROR DATA i

1 The data shown in Table 7 is the results of a comparison of the subjects' l

) responses of "yes" or "no" against the correct answers to each display of the l meter. In the table, the data is shown for subjects separated by their experience level (Experienced vs. Inexperienced) and grouped by whether the i

. value presented was in any of three conditions [i.e. , incide the range I (I), outside the range (0), or on the edge of the range (E) . ]

As is evident, it appears that the experienced subjects tended to make significantly more errors in their readings tnan the inexperienced

. subjects. This is explained by the subjects' comments during the experiment when they explained that their training was to assume that a piece cf equipment

was malfunctioning when the instruments indicated a value which was "on the line".

Therefore, when they viewed the meter pointer at the edge of the range band, they responded that it was out-of-tolerance. Thus, the errors.

If the data is adjusted to account for the phencmenen of " negative assumption" by omitting the " EDGE" data, it tends to reflect what was expected, and that wast that the presence or absence of a range band neither in- ases nor decreases the error rate of the experienced operator.

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Attachment 5 Page 17 of 21 BAND CONDITION Wide Narrow mean 1.15 1.09 t-value = 2.289 Df = 8 P< = .05 TABLE 6 Wide vs. Narrow band conditions and the resultant data for a two-tailed t-test.

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Attachment 5 Page 18 of 21 Also, from the data in Table 7 it would appear that the orange on black pointer resulted in more errors than the white and black pointer.

Although this is true by the data, it is believed that this result is not an unacceptable result. Instead, this would indicate that more discriminatory attention was paid to the meter with the orange pointer than the meter with the white pointer. This is especially true in the case of the data in Table 8 which compares the errors of the experienced and inexperienced subjects.

In this case, it can be said that the experienced operators tended to attend to the orange pointer meter more than the white pointer meter. " Error",

then, becomes a misnomer and begins to indicate " attention" to the meter.

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Attachment 5 A n r..cIx A Page 19 of 21 Subject Inf or: nation ,

Sub.s Age Sex Exp.? Vision? Colorblind? Cc::nents 1 33 M YES OK NO 2 26 M YES OK NO

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i 6 35 M YES OK NO "Paoto-gray" 1,enses 7 38 F NO OK NO 8 25 F NO OK NO 9 28 F NC OK NO 10 22 F NO CK NO 11 31 M YES OK NO 12 28 F NO OK NO 13 56 M YES OK NO 14 34 M YES OK NO l

15 24 M YES OK NO 16 19 M NO OK NO 17 39 M YES OK NO 18 19 M NO OK NO

, 19 24 M YES OK NO I 20 20 F NO OK NO J i I 21 30 M YES OK NO j 22 29 F NO

• NO 23 18 F NO OK NO 24 El M YES OK NO 25 25 M NO OK NO 26 20 M NO OK NO 27' 34 M YES OK NO I

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. DATA PART II TABLE 7 -

i WIDE BAND NARROW DAND NC BAND g 7 Cell X Cell X 10 No 2.86 5.89 1.01 4.11 1.31 0.95 2.68 1.28 1.09 1.58 0.97 1.01 1.91 1.30 2.15 2.22 1.35 0. % 2.03 1.51 1.7s 11 Yes 0.52 0.83 0.42 0.51 1.30 0.59 0.59 2.54 0.66 0.64 1.16 0.81 0.62 1.07 0.83 0.93 0.96,0.74 0.96-0.69 Oi8' g 12 No 0.88 0.84 0.62 0.68 0.62.0.84 0.74 0.71 0.67 0.58 0.48 0.80 0.60 0.64 1.61 1.01 0.86 0.91 1.02 1.12 1.0 U 13 Yes 1.07 1.00 0.89 2.35 1.44 1.19 1.32 0.95 1.20 1.57 1.14 0.915 2.12 1.31 1.31 1.44 1.19 1.29 1.29 1.38 1.3 5 14 Yes 0.98 2.37 0.99 0.82 1.71 0.49 1.22 2.62 0.81 1.26 2.12 1.40 0.99 1.52 3.01 1.98 1.45 1.24 l'.41 1.32 1.7 15 Yes 0.75 0.70 2.51 0.61 0.55 0.91 1.00 0.53 0.97 0.59 0.64 0.62 0.48 0.62 2.35 1.03 1.46 1.20 1.00 0.71' E2 16 No 2.F9 0.71 1.09 1.03 0.78 0.63 1.13 0.99 0.66 1.57 1.34 0.84 1.03 1.07 1.91 1.26 0.89 1.47 1.28 1.72 1.4 17 Yes 1.18 1.30 1.16 0.91 1.29 1.08 1.15 1.88 1.26 0.66 0.98 0.84 0.79 1.06 1.44 1.32 1.44 1.97 1.60 2.23 1.6 la No 2.35 1.07 1.07 1.11 0.99 1.11 1.26 1.15 1.83 2.03 1.30 1.20'1,18 1.44 6.86 1.42 2.55 2.25 2. 0 1.13 2.7 11.19 10.03 .

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19 Yes 1.82 1.38 1.11 1.69 1.05 1.46 1.41 1.30 1.01 1.38 1.04 1.09 1.16 1.16 't.29 1.36 1.23 0.97 2.01 0.93 1.2 6 0.97 1.72 1.16 1.14 1.90 0.88 1.05 1.30 1.45 1.or. '. 13 1.18 0.86 1.29 1.1 g 20 tio 1.09 1.71 0.71 0.71 1.08 0.57 21 Yes 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.91 0.81 1.53 0.96 0.80 1.04 1.10 0.96 0.81 0.82 0.92 2.38 1.23 0.84 1.35 0.88 1.12 1.3 h

22 No 5.91 1.86 2.15 2.15 2.70 1.59 3.27 1.43 0.29 2.14 1.05 1/24 1.46 2.93 1.73 1.71 1.31 1.24 1.09 0.99 1.3 '

y 23 No 1.01 1.26 0.81 0.81 0.85 0.70 0.92 1.40 1.18 1.38 1.44 0.90 0.96 g 1.21 1.28 0.99 1.1" 1.29 0.90 2.02 1.2 j

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- Yes 0.58 0.20 2.31 2.31 0.59 1.17 1.01 0.62 0.85 0.61 0.61 0.70 0.39 0.69 1.76 0.84 0.8J 0.70 0.60 0.78 0.9 0

25 No 1.42 1.29 2.14 2.14 0.84 0.45 1.36 0.92 0.49 4.69 0.63 0.66 0.33 1.32 0.68 1.51 0.59 0.87 1.59 1.00 1.0 26 tio 0.75 1.10 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.64 0.86 0.94 0.81 1.06 1.81 0.97 0.75 1.05 1.28 0.07 1.41 1.00 1.29 1.26 1.1 27 Yes Q.68 0.70 0.87 0.87 0.66 2.95 1.09 0.74 0.74 0.94 0.24 1.93 0.76 0.99 3.20 0.85 0.78 1.27 0.84 0 62 1.2

'9.4 S= .204 8.58 S = .225 8.59 s = .138 o 3=

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Attachment 8 Page 1 ofl0 LASALLE COUNTY STATION CONTROL ROOM NOISE SURVEY

Purpose:

The purpose of the noise survey was twofold. The survey needed to verify that ambi ent noise levels were not disruptive to normal operations and that annunciator alarm intensities were in proper relation to the ambient no ise levels. P roc edu re s : Measurements of ambient noise levels were taken at 2:00 PM (during construction activities in the control room) and at 5:30 PM (during normal activities in the control room). A total of nine stations throughout the control room were used in the survey. The nine locations, A through J, are shown in Figure 1. The intensity levels were recorded at 31 different frequencies by use of a 1/3-octave filter. This data is listed in Tables 1 and 2 and ;11otted in Figures 2, 3 and 4. Measurements of annunciator alarm intensities were recorded at the electrical operator's center desk and at the Unit 1 operator's desk. These locations are shown as numbers 8 and 9 in Figure 5. The alarm intensity measurements in Table 3 were then plotted in Figure 6 with the ambient noise levels at those same positions for comparison. Criteria: Two criteria were used for the evaluation of alarm . au d i bi l i ty. The first criterion was a signal-to-noise ratio

     .        of 20 dB(A) which was to be provided in at least one octave band between 200 and 500 Hz at the station of the operator (MIL-STD-1472 B). The second criterion, used by the NRC, was a signal-to-noise ratio of 8 dB( A).       The sound levels recorded in this survey were compared to both criteria.

Observations: The survey data indicates the ambient noise levels in the c on trol room do not hinder normal speech communications and do not disrupt operations in the control room. l The data recorded enables one to make conclusions about the suitability of alarms with respect to the time of day. Figure 6 presents the relationships between ambient noise levels and alarm levels at 2:00 PM and 5:30 PM. Measurements for the first five alarms in Figure 6-A through 6-E were taken at the Unit 1 operator's desk. The measurements f or the remaining two alarms in Figure 6-F through 6-G were tak en at the electrical operator's center desk location.

I Attachment 8 Page 2 of l0 When measurements of ambient noise and alarms are compared using the criterion of 8 dB( A) f or the signal-to-noise ratio, it is clear that all alarms supersede ambi ent noises, regardless of the time of day. When measurements of ambient noise and alarms are compared using the criterion of 20 dB(A), all alarms meet the requirements when compared to the normal activity ambi ent noise levels at 5:30 PM. The construction activity ambient noise levels at 2:00 PM are somewhat greater. One alarm does not meet requirements when compared to these noise levels. This alarm is identified as alarm 6 in Table 3. When measured from the electrical operator's center deck loc ation, the intensity of alarm 6 is 65 dB(A), only 13 dB(A) above the ambient noise in the frequency range at 400-2500 Hz. Since the alarm met the 20dB(A) criterion during the normal activity in the control room, the Task Force did not consider an improvement necessary. ! Finding: Another consideration in evaluating the noise characteristics of the control room concerns the irritating qualities of some alarms. It appears that the intensity and the saund quality of some alarms interact to irritate some of the operators. It 1 was found that reducing the alarms at stations 5 and 7to an intensitys of 70 dB( A) 5) irritable yet still discernible. 1 l l l l 6337A

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e e Attachment 8 Table 1 Page 4 of au LaSalle Unit 1 ;chient Noise in Cecibels (A-weighted) July 24, 1980 2:00 PM B & K Model 2218 Sound Level Meter with Cctave Filter STATICN HERTZ A B C D E F G H 20 14 15 18 11 10 13 13 14 25 18 13 18 11 18 13 16 16 31.5 27 14 21 14 22 21 20 20 f i, 40 29 21 24 21 21 21 23 24 50 31 25, 28 25 23 27 29 27 l

    '                         26         34      28          28    29       32                27 63          31 80          36      31         34      33          28    31      34                 31 100          36      36         38      35          32    34       36                34 125          39      37         44      38          36    38       34                38 160          41      39         41      39          36    39       35                37 200          44      40         43      40          41    39       41                48 250          48      43         47      42          47    43       54                50 315          60      45         49      46          45    44       56                56 400          73      48         50      48          47    47       46                48 500          57      47         52      47          46    46       48                47 630          63      47         51      44          45    45       45                45 800          63      45         56      44          44    43       45             ' 46 1000          50      44         54      44          44    42       4,            ,

1250 56 45 46 46 44 42 48 46 1600 60 44 52 43 45 43 47 47 - 2000 52 39 57 42 42 40 47 45 2500 57 38 59 42 42 40 44 43 3150 48 40 53 38 40 , 41 41 1 41 4000 50 35 44 37 42 38 37 i f 37 5000 46 31 36 33 36 33 35 35 6300 35 27 31 28 29 28 36 34 8000 30 <25 30 27 26 27 33 29 l 10000 2i <25 <25 <25 ,

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Attachment 8 Page 5 of 10 2 LaSalle Unit 1 Anbient Noise in Decibels (A-weighted) August 6, 1980 5:30 FM B & K Model 2218 Sound Level Meter with Octave Fil'cer STATICN HERT: B F J Average 52 43 58 20 <25 <25 0 25 <25 <25 0 31.5 <25 <25 0 40 25 i 26 26 50 27 27 27.5 63 33 28 32 80 45 35 43 100 40 34 40 125 42 36 39 160 40 39 39 200 38 39 40 250 44 40 41 315 45 43 41 400 43 42 42.5 500 43 44 44 600 41 40 45 800 43 40 41  ; 1000 41 40 40 39 39 38  ! 1250 1600 37 37 38 j 2000 36 36 37 2500 34 35 35 l 3150 34 33 33 4000 31 30 32 5000 29 27 32 6300 27 27 30 8000 25 <25 28 10,000 <25 <25 25 12,500 <25 <25 <25 16,000 30 <25 <25

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 . o Attachment 9 Page 1 of 4 LASALLE COUNTY STATION CONTROL ROOM LIGHTING SURVEY Procedure A review of lighting in the control room showed that the operator dimmed the normal lighting level to avoid reflected glare from the Unit I white computer table top / work desk onto the instrument meter faces. Also, the lower intenaity improved the contrast of the red, green and blue control board indicator lights. The lighting levels in this report are for the control room with normal lighti g. Direct light level measurements (i.e. from the ceiling) were taken for the positions shown in Figure 1. Light readings inside of the racks were not included since the installation of the lights was incomplete.

Critaria The minimum criteria used for levels of lighting were taken from the Military Standard 1472-8. The criteria used were: 30 foot-candles for direct lighting above control panels. } 10 foot-candles for direct lighting in control room corridors. l Observations Lighting measurements for control room normal panel lighting is shown in Table 1, and for control room corridor lighting is I shown in Table 2. 1 Control Room Panel Normal Lighting The direct normal light level readings for the control room l panels are shown in Table 1 for positions 40 thraugh 109. Low light values below tha 30 foot-candle criterion in positions 49 through 57 are shown with a single asterisk. The lower light level readings were caused by a lack of lighting fixtures directly above this section of the control panel. Control Room Cc .idor Normal Lighting The light level readings for maintenance corridor positions 1-24, 27-34, 110 and 115 are shown in Table 2. Findings (1) Additional lighting is needed above positions 49-57 to increase direct illumination. (2) Glare exists on vertical meters due to reflection from the Unit I white computer table top / work desk.

C O i Attachment 9 Page 2 of 4' Tabla 1 LaSalle County Station Control Room Light Levels Unit #1 Control Panels Normal Level Lighting (Illumination is in Foot-Candles, Values Below 30 Foot-Candles Are Asterisked) Direct Direct Position (Ceiling) Position (Ceiling) 40 22** 80 36 42 24** 81 40 43 40 82 40 44 38 83 40 45 36 84 48 46 42 85 36 47 40 86 36 48 32 87 36 49 14* 88 48 50 15* 89 40 51 10* 90 40 52 9* 91 40 53 7* 92 42 54 7* 93 36 55 10* 94 43 56 11* 95 42 57 14* 96 42 59 55 97 44 60 50 98 40 62 48 99 40 64 40 100 40 66 40 101 40 70 58 103 38 72 45 104 30 73 32 105 32 74 48 106 30 75 45 107 36 76 48 108 30 77 40 109 30 78 36 79 36

    ** Light bulbs were missing (Weston Model 615 Light Meter)

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Att$chment 9 Page 3 of 4 Table 2 LaSalle County Station Control Room Light Levels Unit #1 3rridor Normal Level Li Sting (Illenination is in Foot-Candles, Va les Below

10 Foot Candles Are Asterisked) i Direct Direct Position (Ceiling) Position (Ceiling) 1 27 22 2 28 67

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