ML20247F941

Intervenor Exhibit I-MAG-56,consisting of Revised Part VI Entitled, Traffic Controls for Street & Highway Const & Maint Operations, Dtd Mar 1986

ML20247F941
Person / Time
Site:	Seabrook
Issue date:	03/31/1989
From:	AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED
To:
References
OL-I-MAG-056, OL-I-MAG-56, NUDOCS 8905300231
Download: ML20247F941 (5)

Text

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. Part VI. . TRAFHC CONTROLS FOR STREET AND' L

- +- t HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

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A. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 6A-1 Need for Standards Problems of traffic control occur when traffic must be moved through or around road or street construction, maintenance operations, and util-p,pe:p. 6 gN], ,

, .. ity work. No one standard sequence of signs or other control devices can ,

y . . .a.p. . y ,.'!.,/ q,V'.' be set up as an inflexible arrangement for all situations due to the ,

4 1 variety of conditions encountered.

. ,# ,, .j The following treatment of signs, signals, and markings for street and ,

. ,  ; highway construction and maintenance work provides a comprehensive ' ,

, . _ . , .' ' ,( , Ij guide to be applied as a national stanCard. This Part of the Manual establishes principles to be observed in the design, installation and

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1 maintenance of traffic control devices, and prescribes standards where 4 ,, l possible, and is designed so that it can be used independently. To that M

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• 9 end some material concerning specifications and devices having more a .' ,j general application is repeated here from preceding parts of this Man-ual.

'  !: These principles and standards are directed to the safe and expedi-g; -

l,. tious movement of traffic through construction and maintenance zones

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4 and to the safety of the work force performing these operations. l

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., 't 6A-2 Scope

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This Part sets forth basic principles and prescribes standards for the design, application, installation, and maintenance of the various types of

' ' traffic control devices required for roc.d or street construction, mainte-nance operations and utility work. These include signs, signals, lighting u ,, :, .. devices, markings, barricades, channelizing, and hand signaling deuces. ...

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?.[; Jp' k;. . Minimum standards of application are prescribed for typical situations, d' and for methods of controlling traffic through work areas. As part of these standards a number of typical situations are illustrated, showing the proper application of standard protective devices.

8905300231 890331 I 6A-3 Application of Standards PDR ADOCK 05000443 O PDR t The general principles outlined in this Manual are applicable to both j f rural and urban areas. Since it is not practical to prescribe detailed t

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w C. BARRICADES AND CHANNELIZING DEVICES' 6C-1 Function The function of channelizing devices are to warn and alert drivers of hazards created by construction or maintenance activities in or near the traveled way, and to guide and direct drivers safely past the hazards.

Channelizing devices as used herein includes but is n.:. !Med to cones, vertical panels, drums, barricades, and barriers.

Devices used for channelization should provide a smooth and gradual transition in moving traffic from one lane to another, onto a bypass or detour, or in reducing the width of the traveled way. They should be constructed so as not to inflict any undue damage to a vehicle that inadvertently strikes them. The objective should be the development of a traffic control plan which uses a variety of traffic control measures and devices in whatever combination necessary to assure smooth, safe

.a sicular movement pad the work area and at the same time provide saaty for the equipment and the worker on the job.

Channelizing devices are elements in a total system of traffic control devices for use in highway construction and maintenance operations. i These elements shall be preceded by a subsyrtem of warning devices that l are adequate in size, number, and placement for the type of highway on which the work is to take place. Typical application of channelizing vi.we>

devices are shown in Figure 6-2 to 6-10. W*

1 6C-2 Channelization The single most important element, within the system of traffic ontrol devices commonly used in construction or maintenance areas (where a I

reduction in pavement width is involved), is the taper that is provided for i

the channelization. An inadequate taper will almost always produce x undesirable traffic operations with resulting congestion and possibly accidents through the area.

l The minimum desirable taper length for construction and maintenance purposes should be computed by the formula L = S x W, for all freeways, expressways, and other roadways having a posted speed of 45 i

mph or greater. The formula L = WS*/60 should be used to compute I taper length on urban, residential and other streets where the posted speeds are 40 mph or less. Under either formula, L equals the taper length in feet, W the width of offset in feet, and S the posted speed or off-peak 85 percentile speed.

The minimum desirable length derived from the appropriate formula

{ above applies to roadway conditions of relatively flat grades and straight 6C-1 Rev. 3166

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alignment. Adjustments may become necessary to provide adequate sight dist,ance on the approach to the channelization. Similarly, the proximity of interchange ramps, crossroads, etc., to the work site may dictate the need for adjustments. In general, better traffic eperations will result when the adjustments consist of increasing the length of the taper rather than reducing the length (below the minimum desirable recommended above).

The real test concerning adequate length of taper is the operation of vehicles through the transition. It should be long enough so that drivers of vehicles approaching side by side have sufficient length in which to adjust their respective speeds and merge into a single lane before the end of the transition. A brief period of observing driver performances will generally provide some clear indications of the adequacy of the taper length. For example, if severe brake applications are obn:ved, an increased taper length is indicated.

The maximum spacing between devices in a taper should be approximately equal in feet to the speed limit. For example, if the taper is on a roadway with an existing 55 MPH speed limit, the devices should be spaced about 55 feet. Devices placed on a tangent to keep traffic out of the closed lane should be spaced in accordance with the extent and type of activity, the speed limit of the roadway, and the vertical and horizontal ~

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alignment of the roadway such that it is apparent the roadway is closed to traffic.

I On construction projects, channelization often remains in the same place for long periods of time. During such a long interval some of the elements-cones, barricades, barrels, etc.-get out of their original alignment due to being struck, moved due to construction activities, etc. It is necessary, therefore, to patrol the channelization at regular intervals to '

d assure its proper functioning as a traffic control device. Replacement or shifting of the elements into the original alignment cc.n best be done if the original positions of the elements had been indicated on the pavement by paint marks. This technique assures good alignment and proper vehicle performances over a long period of time with minimum expenditure of men and materials in maintaining the channelization.

4 Sometimes during maintenance operations, work at one site will extend over several days, thereby requiring that channelization be set up each morning and removed each evening. Under these circumstances the locations of the cones, barrels, etc., should be marked at the time of the original set up to facilitate the rapid, orderly re setting of the devices on each succeeding day.

6C-3 Cone Design Traffic cones and tubular markers of various configurations are available. These shall be a minimum of 18 inches in height with a broadened base and mriy be made of various materials to withstand impact Rev. 3/66 60-2 1

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i without damage to themselves or to vehicles. Twenty-eight inches should be the mhtimum height of cones used on freeways and other hgh speed vi-2s(c) roadways and on all facilities during hours of darkness or whenever more conspicuous guidance is needed. Orange shall be the predominant color on cones. They should be kept clean and bright for maximum target value.

For nighttime use they shall be reflectorized or equipped with lighting devices for maximum visibility. Reflectorized material shall have a smooth, sealed outer surface which will display the same approximate color day and night.

Reflectorization of tubular markers stel be a minimum of two three-inch white bands placed a maximum of 2" from the top with a maximum ft,,12,(c) of 6" between the bands. Reflectorization of cones shall be provided by a minimum 6" white band placed a maximum of 3" from the top.

6C-4 Cone Application included under this heading are a group of devices whose primary function is the channelization of traffic. They may be conical in shape, but there are also tubular shaped devices available capable of performing the same function. They may be set en the surface of the roadway or rigidly attached for continued use. g. -

Traffic cones may be casily stacked on a truck and one worker can carry and distribute several cones with case. This mobility and flexibility (which .

cannot be equalled by Type I barricades) increases the usefulness of these l devices. l When cones are used, precautions are necessary to assure they will not i ;

be blown over or dispiaced. This may be particularly critical adjacent to ,

lanes of moving traffic where thete may be a wind created by passing j vehicles. Some cor.es are constructed with bases that may be filled with ballast. With others it may be necessary to double the cones or use heavier weighted cones, special wa gn ed bases, or weights such as sand bag rings thtt can be dropped over . t r ines and onto the base to provide increased stability. These added weights should not be sufficient to present a hazard I

if the devices are inadvertently struck.

In general, traffic cones have a greater target value than do the tubular shaped devices. However, the target value of either device may be enhanced during the day time by the insertion of an orange flag in the top i and at night, by reflectorization or the use of lighting devices.

6C-5 Vertical Panel-Design and Apsdication Vertical panels used as channelizing or warning devices shall be 8 to 12 inches in width and a minimum of 24 inches in height. They shall be orange and white striped and reflectorized in the same manner as barricades and mounted with the top a minimum of 36 inches above the roadway. For panels less than 3 ' in height,4" stripes shall be ned, if used j 6C-3 Rev. 3/86

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. for traffic in two directions, back to back panels shall be used. These

-devices may be used for traffic separation or shoulder barricading where space is at a minimum.

Panels with stripes which, begin at the upper right side and slope downward to the lower left side are to be designated as 'right' panels (VP-1R). Panels with stripes which begin at the upper left side and slope downward to the lower right side are to be designated as 'left' panels

' (VP-1 L).

For nighttime use, it is desirable to place flashing warning lights on vertical panels when they are used singly and steady burn warning lights on vertical panels when they are used in a series for channelization.

6C-6 Drum Design Drums used for traffic warning or channelization shall be approximately 36"in height and a minimum of 18"in diameter. The markings on drums shall be horizontal, circumferential, orange and white reflectorized stripes four to eight inches wide, using a material that has a smooth, scaled outer sur(ace which will display the same approximate size, shape and color day and night. - -

There shall be at least two orange and two white stripes on each drum. If there are nonreflectorized spaces between the horizontal orange ind white 4 stripes, they shall be no more than two inches wide. .!

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6C-7 Drum Application Drums are most commonly used to charmelize or delineate trafale flow j

but may also be used singly or in groups to mark specific hazards. Drums ,

are lughly visible and have good target value, give the appearance of being formidable obstacles and, therefore, command the respect of drivers.

They are portable enough to be shifted from place to place within a 4

construction project in order to accommodate changing conditions but are generally used in situations wh:re they will remain in place for a prolonged  ;

period of time. When drums are placed in the roadway, appropria:

advai.ce warning signs shall be used.

Grams should not be weighted with sand, water, or any material to the extent that would make them hazardous to motorists. When they are used ir. regions susceptible to freezing, they should have drain holes ~ in the bottom so water will not accumulate and freeze causing a hazard if struck by a motorist.

During hours of darkness a flashing warning light should be placed on drums used singly and steady burn warning lights should be placed on drums used in a series for traffic channelization.

Small arrow signs or vertical panels mounted above drums may be used as supplements to drum delineation.

Rev. 3sM 6C-4 i

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