ML20210K848
| ML20210K848 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Fort Calhoun  |
| Issue date: | 07/02/1997 |
| From: | Mcbrine W ALTRAN CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20210K845 | List: |
| References | |
| 97152-TR-01, 97152-TR-01-R00, 97152-TR-1, 97152-TR-1-R, NUDOCS 9708200137 | |
| Download: ML20210K848 (30) | |
Text
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FAILURE INVESTIGATION OF TIIE FOURTII STAGE EXTRACTION STEAM LINE RUPTURE Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 Revision 0 preparedfor:
Omaha Public Power District Fort Calhoun Station July 2,1997 9708200137 970012 PDR ADOCK 05000285 S PDR
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Q17)330-1130 l'AX:(617)330-1055 Attran Corporation 200 liigh Street, Boston, MA 02110 _
Report Record Document No.: 97152-TR 01 Rev. No.: 0 Sheet No.: 2 Total No of Sheets 28 Nuclear Safety Related Yes No X F-I TITLE: Failure Investiaation of the Fourth Staae Extraction Steam Line Ruoture CLIENT: Omaha Public Power District FACILITY: Fort Calheun Station REV. DESCRIPTION: Revision 0: Oriainal Issue
' COMPUTER RUNS (identified on Computer File Index): Yes_ _, N/A X
., Error reports evaluated by: Date:
Impacted by error reports: No _E_ Yes _ _ (if yes, attach explanation)
Or' inator(s Date
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'1%"328 c %he
% 10 % '
- 9. Christie' 7 'I L Not Required. X DESIGN VERIFICATION: (EOP 3.4) Required
- Justification Performed by: Date:
Method of design verification:
X Design Review Alternate Calculations Qualification Test (Attached) (Data /Results Attd.) ,
Comments resolved by: Date:
Design verifier concurrence: Date:
APPROVED FOR RELEASE PROJECT MANAGER: h - - Date: 8 E6 /'7 ENGINEERING MANAGER Date:b dk I Eissa
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Altran Corporation Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 Revision 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE ............................................. 1 Background .......................................... 2 1.0 2.0 Visual Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 thneral ........................................ 2 2.1 2.2 loside Surface - Macroscopic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Laboratory Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.0 Material chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1 Microstructural Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 3.3 Hardness ........................................ 6 3.4 Microscopic Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.0 - Failure Mechanics ....................................... 6 <
6 4.1 Stress Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 5.0 Flow Accelerated Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 5.1 Discussion of FAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
-5.2 System Susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 6.0 Conclusio ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 7.0 - Re fe re nces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A: CHECWORKS Plots of UT Data Appendix B Ultrasonic Test Thickness Measurements Appendix C - FAC Damage from Other FAC Cases for Comparison
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Attran Corporation Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 Revision 0 1.0 Background On April 21, 1997 while at 100% power, Fort Calhoun Station experienced a pipe rupture in the Extraction Steam piping from the fourth stage of the high pressure turbine to the fifth point heaters. The rupture occurred in a 90* SD bend section of pipe which is 12 in nominal diameter 0.375 in, nominal wall thickness, and oriented in the horizontal plane. The rupture was a longitudinally oriented " fish mouth" mpture which is approximately 54 in. long and 18 in wide on the extrados of the bend. The material of the elbow is specified as ASTM A106, Grade B, and the normal operating conditions of the line are as follows:
Operating Temperature: 409"F Operating Pressure: 275 psig Steam Quality: 92 %
Bulk Velocity: 178 ft/sec Altran Corporation has performed a failure investigation of the failed section of pipe which was transported to Altran's Laboratory. The SD bend was received split longitudinally along the plane of the bend. Several small V-shaped sections had been previously removed for testing or inspection by others.
2.0 Visual Examination 2.1 General Upon receipt of the pipe sections for examination, the two halves of the split pipe bend were assembled for initial rupture characterization. The fish mouth rupture exhibited in Figure 2-1 is characteristic of a pipe failure caused by an internal pressure loading.
The pipe wall thickness pattern observed is generally consistent with the ultrasonic test (UT) results provided by Omaha Public Power District (OPPD) and tabulated in Appendix B. The extrados of the nominal 0.375 in. bend is worn much thinner than the intrados (Figure 2-2) with a maximum variation occurring near the center of the bend. The results of the UT examination have been depicted using the CHECWORKS Computer Code (Ref.1) which provides a better visualization of the thickness pattern.
The fracture followed a single path, with the thinnest area and likely initiation point being at the near center of the bend extrados both circumferentially and longitudinally. Details of fracture surfaces have been obscured by the post rupture steam release. The fracture, however, is characterized as a ductile overload failure. The thinnest edge of the final fracture is near the center of the bend and was measured as 0.015 inch. The arrested fracture tips were measured 97152.2 JMR 2 -
Altran Corporation Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 Revision 0 as 0.090 inch and 0.175 inch.
The measured thickness profile of the fracture edge is:
Fracture -
Longitudinal Position Thickness 0" 0.175" 8" 0.085" 16" 0.062" 24" 0.047" 32" 0.015"-
40" 0.040" 48" 0.078" 56"- 0.077" 63" 0.090" 2.2 Inside Surface - Macroscooic The inside surface of the pipe bend exhibits a variable morphology of oxides and surface texture. The character and pattern of wear scars on the inside surface of the pipe bend is important in determining and verifying the mechanism of degradation and wall thinning. A composite photographic inventory of each half of the sectioned bend (Figure 2-3) clearly depicts the variability in features which exhibits a directionality that is clearly flow influenced. The extrados center of-the bend generally exhibits-a scalloped damage pattern which is ; depicted in Figure 2-4. The other regions of the bend, particularly at the ends anxi along the extrados, exhibit a polished surface with flow line features evident (Figure 2-5).
- The surface finish of the inside surfaces varies from a clean surface with a very .
thin oxidation to a heavy black oxidation more evident on the intrados which is typically magnetite (Fe30 4). - A magnetite oxide is common in power plant' piping that are operated with low-oxygen levels. Some reddish areas, likely. to be
' hematite (Fe2O 3 ), are also evident. Hematite likely formed on the bare' steel-surfaces after the ' piping was opened, which _ introduced it to an oxygen rich environment. A large; section of red oxide is located in the bottom center region of the lower pieces and is likely a result of standing water after the rupture.
Along much of the pipe bend, there is a transition " ridge" that runs along approximately top dead center (12:00) and bottom dead center (6:00) of the bend.
The ridge, more pronounced in certain areas, generally delineates the high wear lightly oxidized extrados region from the lower wear intrados with a thicker oxide layer, i9T152.2 JMa 3 -- -
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Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 2
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c Although the as-installed wall thickness of the pipe bend is unknown, based on I the surface features observed and a characteristic ' extrados thinning from the i
. Inside, it is clear that Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) pipe wall thinning had
- occurred. The characterization of the observed features at being FAC induced is based upon a comparison with known examples of FAC damage in power 4
piping removed from other nuclear plants. Altran currently has many sections of piping removed from various power plants due to FAC thinning for this purpose. - ,
Several; examples of these are shown in Appendix C. A comparison with '
published data including a recent publication by the Electric Power Research ,
Institute (Ref. 2) was also performed. f The hydraulic profile through a pipe bend is very complex and depends on many system operational and geometric factors which will influence the flow regimes present in the pipe bend during normal plant operation. The variatica in flow ,
regimes results in the large variation of oxide accumulation and damage
. characteristics in' the specimen. The array of small' scallops is clearly a characteristic of FAC damage. - The most dense population of scallop occurs at 3 the bend extrados and is common in FAC damaged pipe elbows. This area is typically subjected to the highest flow velocity _ and is the most prone to water droplet impingement.
Water droplet impingement damage in steels is typically characterized by a highly directional, sharp edged type of damage texture resulting from surface mechanical fatigue damage. - Although such sharp edged damage is not seen here,_ water droplet impact may have accelerated the removal of the oxide layer as part of the FAC phenomenon. : FAC damage in two-phase pipe systems is induced by both .
entrained water droplets and a boundary layer of water that typically forms on the
. outside of the piping. The boundary layer of water will induce FAC thinning, but may also provide some protection from droplet impingement.
The existence of a delineation of the thinner extrados and thinner intrados by 6:00
.and 12:00 axially oriented ridge line is believed to be primarily due to the segregation of water and a boundary layer formation on the extrados and higher extrados velocities. : The ridge line which exits in the failed pipe bend is more exaggerated in this instance when compared to many other pipe fittings exhibiting FAC damage. This may be due to a case-specific hydraulic condition which is exaggerated by this particular geometry or by other flow disturbances upstream.
3.0 ; Laboratory Procedures 3.1- Material Chemistry Chdmical analysis of the pipe material was performed. Several samples were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma hnalysis technique. The results of 97157,2 JMR 4- -
Altran Corporation L Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 Revision 0 '
these analyses are provided below and demonstrate consistency with the ASTM A106 Grade B specification. Susceptibility correlations (Ref.1) relate FAC rates to the presence of three alloy elements; chromium, copper, and molybdenum.
There is a particular interest level in trace chromium levels due to the high sensitivity of component FAC susceptibility to low levels of chromium. EPRI has presented studies (Ref. 2) that indicate that chromium levels as low as 0.04 % may start to lessen FAC rates depending on specific conditions. The results of published data are not sufficiently defined to draw a conclusion of trace chromium influence in this instance. The results of the tests are provided below:
4 Composition %
i Specimen 1 2 3 ,
l Location Intrados Extrados
- Intrados*
Carbon .20 .20 .24 Manganese .83 .80 .83 Phosphorous .005 .003 .003 Sulphur .026 .026 .028 Silicon .25 .44 .20 Chromium .09 .07 (.06) .06 (.07)
Copper .04 .03 ( 03) .03 (.03)
Molybdenum ,05 .02 ( 02) .02 (.02) 4 Nickel .06 < 01 <.01
, Vanadium .001 <.01 <.01 Balance Iron Values in parentheses are confirmation measurements taken for Cr, Cu, and Mo.
3.2 Microstmetural Analysis Specimens were taken from both the intrados and extrados regions of the pipe and were mounted, polished, and etched for microstructural examination. -The pearlite in a ferrite matrix structure is typical of a low carbon steel pipe such as ASTM A106, Grade B (Figures 3-1 and 3-2).
There is some variation in grain size and structure from ID to OD and around the perimeter of the pipe. The differences are believed to be a result of the forming process and heat treatment and should not have a significant influence on FAC rates or structural integrity.
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i 3.3 Hardness Hardness measurements were taken in order to confirm that mechanical properties are consistent with an ASTM A106, Grade B product. An average of 6 readings i resulted in a 69.3 on a Rockwell B scale which corresponds to a tensile strength
- of approximately 60,300 psi. Microhardness readings were also taken across the !
[ section that transverses the longitudinal ridge located at 6:00. No significant 5
, variation pattern was noted that would influence wear susceptibility across the
[
ridge as demonstrated in the results presented below:
1 j Readine DIN
- q- 1 151,6 - Thicker Side
- t. 2 149.4. 1
! 3 168.4
- 4 145.2 5 168.4 6 156.1 7 139.2 --- Thinner Side
- Knoop Hardness,200 g load '
' 3.4 Microscooic Examinations-Microscopic examinations utilizing a stereo microscope and a scanning electron microscope were performed in order to' view the observed damage at high magnification. The micrographs displayed in Figures 3-3 through 3-6 exhibit -
additional features that are consistent with FAC damage.
'4.0 - Failure Mechanics 4.1- Stress Calculation '
The axial orientation of the fracture path along the pipe -bend extrados is consistent with a material stress overload due to hoop stress caused by internal pressure. Hoop stress in' the thinned extrados is calculated using a normal operating pressure of 275 psig.
, , PD (SD) 2T (5.5D) 97152.2 JMR 6 -'
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Altran Corporation Technical Report No. 97152 TR-01 Revision 0 Using a minimum measured wall thickness in the center region of the extr of .015 in., the hoop stress is calculated as 106 ksi, which exceeds the ten strength of the material and is sufficient to initiate rupture.
5.0 Flow Accelerated Corrosion 5.1 Discussion of FAC Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) (also called Erosion / Corrosion) is a p whereby the normally protective oxide layer on carbon or low alloy steel dissolves phase) mixture.into the stream of flowing water (single phase) or a water / steam As the oxide layer becomes thinner and less protective, the corrosion rate increases (Ref. 2). In some areas, the oxide layer may be so th as to expose an essentially bare metal surface. To the naked eye, the dama surface can have a variable appearance ranging from a ti smooth wear to a scalloped or " orange peel" appearance (ger striped texture to Ref. 2). The rate of thermodynamics, flow rate, fluid chemistry, and pip .
FAC induced systems, deper'" pipe wall thinning is prevalent in certain nuclear power plan he range of parametric influences present as listed below:
Variabh FAC increases if:
Velocity Higher pH Lower Oxygen Lower Steam Quality 0.1-0.9 Temperature 250F-450F Geometry such as to cause more turbulence Chromium content IAwer Copper content IAwer Molybdenum content Lower 97152.2-JMR 7
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--Revision 0 5.2 . System Susceptibility
- Altran has not performed a situation specific susceptibility analysis under the scope of this failure investigation. However, high susceptibility in carbon steel extraction steam lines is not uncommon in PWR nuclear plants. It has also been reported that pipe wall thinning has been detected in other parts of the line which indicates that the line is generally susceptible to FAC.
I 6c0 Conclusions Based on the evidence observed and laboratory examinations and testing, the following conclusions can be stated regarding the failure of the 4th stage extraction line at Ft.-
Calhoun Station:
l
- l. 1) _ The failure was due to a stress overload of the pipe bend extrados due to internal
[ pressure induced stresses on a thinned wall.
2)- The inside surface of the failed component exhibits characteristics consistent with FAC damage. FAC appears to be the cause of wall loss experienced prior to l: failure. _
Features of the surface suggest that the flow regimes which existed in the bend resulted in clearly accelerated wear on the pipe bend extrados. - Oxide removal may have also been influenced by water droplet impingement in the extrados
. region.
- 3) The material is consistent with ASTM A106 Grade B material. There are no metallurgical._ properties or defects which would cause premature failure or accelerated wear above what would be generally expected from ASTM A106, Grade D material.
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Altran Corporation Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 '
Revision 0 700 References
- 1. Electric Power Research Institute, TR-103496, CHECWORKS Computer Program Users Gulde", August 1995, CHECWORKS computer code version 1,0D
- 2. Electric Power Research Institute, TR-106611. " Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Power Plants", TR-1034%, CHECWORKS Computer Program Users Guide", August 1995, CIIECWORKS computer code version 1.0D 9
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} end of the inside surface withflow in the upward direction {
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, Figure 3-1 Micrograph of an intrados specimen l depicting a micro structure which is consistent with a low l l carbon steel pipe - Etchant: Nital (100t) ;
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Altran Corporation Technical Report No. 97152-TR-01 Herision 0 l APPENDIX B ULTRASONIC TEST THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS ._
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Company Omaha Public Power District Report Date: 12-JUN-97 Time : 16:38:32 Plant a rt. Calhoun Unit : O CHECKWORKS FAC Version 1.0D DB Name : FT CAL seeeeeeee....eee.
*** UT Matrix
e ee** eeeeeees. LINE NAME : Extraction Steam 4th Stage COMPONENT HAME Dend OUTAGE NAME Forced Outa SECTION U/S Main Tnom = 0.375 (in), Tscreen = 0.113 (in) (Grid data) A B C D E F G H I J K 1 0.210 0.190 0.174 0.158 0.127 0.346 0.387 0.401 0.348 0.398 0.405 2 0.224 0.199 0.166 0.164 0.129 0.345 0.384 0.401 0.398 n.366 0.414 3 0.224 0.186 0.145 0.151 0.145 0.354 0.385 0.419 0.399 0.376 0.402 4 0.216 0.171 0.137 0.140 0.156 0.347 0.378 0.404 0.397 0.377 0.397 5 0.213 0.173 0.144 0.127 0.168 0.347 0.386 0.398 0.396 0.376 0.408 6 0.233 0.173 0.150 0.127 0.170 0.343 0.384 0.395 0.389 0.370 0.391 7 0.221 0.158 0.154 0.130 0.158 0.345 0.381 0.388 0.399 0.375 0.387 8 0.222 0.144 0.136 0.127 0.164 0.349 0.384 0.377 0.384 0.392 0,390 9 0.217 0.144 0.122 0.123 0.163 0.352 0.381 0.384 0.381 0.374 0.386 10' O.205 0.135 0.124 0.127 0.140 0.349 0.382 0.391 0.387 0.371 0.395 11 0.207 0.133 0.122 0.116 0.151 0.349 0.384 0.388 0.376 0.352 0.388 12 0.212 0.148 0.124 0.123 0.207 0.363 0.385 0.382 0.381 0.358 0.391 13 0.201 0.144 0.125 0.137 0.203 0.355 0.379 0.388 0.384 0.365 0.370 14 0.190 0.122 0.123 0.156 0.230 0.351 0.388 0.381 0.388 0.352 0.378 15 0.170 0.097 0.123 0.163- 0.235 0.356 0.384 0.388 0.395 0.364 0.370 16 0.183 0.093 0.103 0.145 0.233 0.364 0.389 0.379 0.373 0.343 0.368 17 0.187 0.104 0.109 0.151 0.220 0.357 0.375 0.384 0.373 0.350 0.363 10 0.190 0.112 0.101 0.150 0.251 0.351 0.370 0.359 0.376 0.386 0.376 19 0.185 0.092 0.110 0.148 0.250 0.359 0.372 0.378 0.391 0.376 0.381 20 0.169 0.061 0.110 0.162 0.247 0.356 0.378 0.393 0.389 0.374 0.387 21 0.150 0.137 0.113 0.170 0.248 0.362 0.385 0.389 0.389 0.370 0.392 22 0.130 0.129 0.140 0.180 0.236 0.359 0.377 0.396 0.398 0.367 0.390 23 0.128 0.106 0.131 0.186 0.251 0.355 0.378 0.384 0.388 0.373 0.402 24 0.109 0.105 0.152 0.195 0.263 0.361 0.374 0.385 0.387 0.387 0.395-25 0.100 0.108 0.136 0.194 0.262 0.356 0.387 0.384 0.388 0.378 0.393 26 0.101 0.054 0.131 0.201 0.270 0.379 0.378 0.385 27 0.396 0.391 0.394 0.114 0.092 0.137 0.222 0.292 0.365 0.377 0.391 0.391 0.389 0.398 28 0.110 0.089 0.151 0.220 0.305 0.351 0.386 0.386 0.392 0.384 0.405 29 0.090 0.136 0.180 0.228 0.292 0.349 0.381 0.390 0.392 0.394 0.407 30 0.103 0.106 0.191 0.222 0.283 0.366 0.388 0.391 0.396 0.379 0.402 31 0.087 0.137 0.197 0.217 0.286 0.371 0.390 0.391 0.384 0.376 0.398 32 0.095 0.148 0.209 0.226 0.306 0.370 0.383 0.384 0.378 0.384- 0.396 33 0.105 0.163 0.233 0.256 0.336 0.360 0.373 0.381 0.377 0.371 0.397 34 0.122 0.189 0.236 0.271 0.325 0.362 0.370 0.378 0.378 0.371 0.398 35 0.130 0.198 0.257 0.271 0.309 0.364 0.371 0.383 0.386 0.376 0.384 36 0.145 0.206 .0.246 0.261 0.295 0.363 0.372 0.378 0.377 0.360 0.375
-37 0.149 0.219 0.244 0.262 0.326 0.366 0.378 0.374 0.371 0.364 0.377 38 0.166 0.239 0.253 0.285 0.355 0.365 0.365 0.368 0.376 0.365 0.379 39 0.182 0.247 0.267 0.309 0.344 0.357 0.361 0.374 0.372 0.366 0.370 40 0.200 0.275- 0.200 0.320 0.349 0.357 0.366 0.382 0.374 0.363 0.366 41 0.218 0.285 0.290 0.327 0.360 0.359 0.365 0.391 0.371 0.361 0.362 42 0.242 0.208 0.300 0.341 0.370 0.358 0.371 0.390 0.374 0.362 -0.360 Min 0.087 0.054 0.101 0.116 0.127 0.343 0.361 0.368 0.371 0.343 0.360 Max 0.242 0.288 0.300 0.341 .0.370 0.379 0.390 0.419. 0.399 0.398 0.414 Del- 0.155 0.234 0.199 0.225 0.243 0.036 0.029 0.051 0.028 0.055 0.054 Ave 0.169 0.153 0.168 0.195 0.248 0.357 0.379 0.387 0.386 0.372 0.388 Dev 0.048 0.058 0.058 0.064 0.071 0.000 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.012 0.014 SECTION
SUMMARY
Minimum Thickness = 0.054 Minimum at 26,B Maxianum Thickness =. 0.419 Maximum at 3.H Delta = 0.365
' Average Thickness. = 0.299
~
B2
( L M N O P Q R 0.404 S T Min Max
-1 0.391 0.390 0.393 0.376 0.?70 0.331 0.287 0.241 0.210 0.127 0.405 2 0.392 0.401. 0.359 0.'s01 0.271 0.213 0.254 3 0.407 0.401 0.399 0.301 0.289 0.262 0.244 0.129 0.414 0.389 0.384 0.389 0.251 0.253 0.233 0.145 0.419 4 0.332 0.302 0.267 0.236 0.236 0.215 0.131- 0.404 5 0.395 0.383 0.382 0.377 0.322 0.279 0.251 0.245 0.225 0.127 0.408 6 0.385 0.375 0.315 0.384 0.357 7 0.383 0.379 0.381 0.303 0.370 0.306 0.295- 0.265 0.249 0.219 0.127 0.395 0.264 0.264 0.229 0.130 0.399 0 0.384 -0.379 0.381 0.386 -0.377 0.320 0.260 0.248 0.236 0.121 9 0.384 0.377 0.387 0.384 0.376 0.309 0.392 0.267 0.231 0.229 0.122 0.387 10 0.379 0.374 0.394 0.391 0.369 0.318 0.268- 0.223 0.230 0.124 11 0.372 0.369 0.375 0.377 0.371 0.312 0.250 0.222 0.242 0.395
'12 0.382 0.369 0.371 0.384 0.367 0.299 0.255 0.236 0.229 0.116 0.388 0.123 0.391 13 0.369 0.374 0.372 0.371 0.355 0.300 14 0.376 0.372 0.249 0.237 0.225 0.125 0.370 0.375 0.374 0.291 0.244 0.221 0.200 0.122 0.388- l 0.310 0.374 0.370 0.299 0.241 0.209 0.208 0.097 0.388 15 0.370 0.364 16 0.352 0.336 0.331 0.371 0.363 0.292 0.231 0.215 0.199 0.093 0.395.
17 0.323 0.293 0.280 0.34v 0.369 0.280 0.233 0.232 0.214 0.104 0.389 0.384 18 0.310 0.279 0.270 0.280 0.320 0.280 0.234 0.222 19 0.334 0.303 0.223 0.101 0.386 0.274 0.285 0.312 0.280 0.233 0.213 0.217 0.092 20 0.363 0.330 0.323 0.391 0.313 0.302 0.200 0.214 0.201 0.210 0.061 0.393 21 0.371 0.342 0.349 0.322 0.290 0.278 0.209 0.206 0.201 0.113 22 0.375 0.360 -0.355 0.392 0.343 0.297 0.273 0.214 0.202 0.198 0.129 0.398 23 0.385 0.373 0.386 0.371 0.320 0.275 24 0.307 0.319 0.376 0.215 0.200 0.192 0.106 0.402 25 0.390 0.370 0.363 0.278 0.225_ 0.123 0.182 0.105 0.395 0.381 0.372 0.377 0.360 0.294 0.222 0.180 0.158 0.108 0.393 26 0.393 0.383 0.377 0.377 0.357 0.292 0.222 0.166 0.131 0.054 0.396 27 0.395 0.378 0.377 0.379 0.360 0.300 0.227 0.170 0.122 0.092 0.390 28 0.393 0.388 0.384 0.384 0.310 0.292 0.232 0.181 29 0.395 0.391 0.124 0.089 0.405 0.384 0.384 0.374 0.300 0.241 0.183 0.137 1.090 0.401 30 0.391 0.396 0.383 0.393 0.370 0.303 0.248 0.100 0.134 0.103 0.402 31 0.392 0.389 0.379 0.392 0.373 0.299 0.249 32 0.392 0.391 0.392 0.186 0.130 0.087 0.398 0.392 0.370 0.291 0.247- 0.179 0.137 0.095 0.396 33 0.394 0.390 0.391 0.392 0.381 0.291 0.250 0.194 0.144 34 0.393 0.391 0.395 0.105 0.397 0.396 0.377 0.303 0.284 0.203- 0.150 0.122 0.398 35 0.386 0.383 0.384 0.392 0.378 0.325 0.283 0.202 36- 0.361 0.383 0.382 0.384 0.152 0.130 0.392 0.376 0.323 0.267 0.197 0.144 0.144 0.384 37 0.379 0.377 0.31% 0.392 0.386 0.332 0.282 0.201 38 0.316 0.370 0.157 0.149 0.392 0.377 0.394 0.379 0.320 0.278 0.200 0.160 0.160 0.394 39 0.377 0.378 0.388 40-0.395 0.376 0.299 0.289 0.203 0.115 0.175 0.395 0.354 0.360 0.383 0.391 0.371 0.290 0.287 0.224 0.343 0.316 0.183 0.183 0.391 41 0.310 0.354 0.345 0.283 0.281 0.226 0.202 0.202 0.391 42 0.334 0.293 0.280 0.301 0.302 0.208 0.284 0.226 0.212 0.212 0.390 Hin 0.310 0.279 0.210 0.200 0.289 0.262 Max 0.407 0.209 0.166 0.122 0.401 0.401 0.396 0.386 0.332 0.289 0.264 0.244 Dal 0.097 0.122 0.131 0.116 Ave 0.377 0.097-.0.070 0,000 0.098 0.122 0.361 0.367 0.368 0.353 0.295 0.251 0.214 0.190 Dev- 0.022 0.030 0.035 0.032 0.030 0.017 0.023 0.025 0.038 B3 -
l Del Ave Dev 1 0.278 0.310 0.099 2 0.285. 0.305 0.094 3 0.274 0.299 0.098 4: 0.267: 0.294 0.097 5 0.281 0.300 0.098 6 0.268 0.302 0.093 7 0.269- 0.303 0.096 0 0.265 0.302. 0.099 9 0.265 0.299 0.101 10 0.271 0.298 0.104 i 11 0.272 0.293 0.101 12 0.268 0.298 0.097
-13 0.263 0.295 0.095 14 0.266 0.295 0.097 15 0.298 0.293 0.100 16 0.296 0.283 'O.099 17 0.200 0.278 0.092 18 0.285 0.272 0.088 '
19- 0.299 0.215 0.092 20 0.332. 0.278 0.100 21 0.279 0.204 0.096 22 0.269 0.286 0.098 23 0.296 0.290 0.104 24 0.290 0.293 0.105 12 b 0.285 0.291 0.100 26 0.342 0.209 0.118 27 0.306 0.294 0.112 28 0.316 0.297 0.112 29 0.317 0.302 0.107 30 0.299 0.302 0.109. 31 0.311 0.301 0.106 32- 0.301 0.304 0.103 33 - 0.292 0.309 0.097 34- 0.276 0.315 0.090 35 -0.262. 0.316 0.086 36 -0.240 0.311 0.084 37' O.243 0.316 0.081 38 0.234 0.319~ 0,016 39- 'O.220 0.321 0.012 40 '0.208 0.324 .0.063 ' 41 0.189 0.317 0.055 42 0.170 0.314 0.052 11 4 ,
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