ML20147E536

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Control Room/Technical Support Ctr Habitability Study, Aqueous Ammonia Concentrations
ML20147E536
Person / Time
Site: Rancho Seco
Issue date: 03/07/1988
From:
SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT
To:
Shared Package
ML20147E485 List:
References
NUDOCS 8803070094
Download: ML20147E536 (32)


Text

'

.4 RANCHO SECO NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION CONTROL ROOM / TECHNICAL SUPPORT CENTER (TSC) HABITABILITY STUDY Aqueous Ammonia Concentrations 1

l February 1988 i

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION AND

SUMMARY

1 1.1. Introduction

.............................1 1.2. Summary of Results.........................

1

2. CONCENTRATION MODELS 2
3. NUREG/CR-1741 MODELS 3
4. CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION 4

4.1. Anhydrous Ammonia, NH3

.....................4

5. ANALYSIS PERFORMED 4

5.1 Meteorology.............................5 5.2 Concentration Analysis........................

6

6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 6
7. REFERENCES 7

List of Tables and Figures Table 1 Parameters Used for Calculating Ammonia Concentrations in the Control Room

.8 l

Table 2 Description and Results of Cases Analyzed...........

9 i

Figure 1 Case 1 Ammonia Concentrations - 25 C,0.6 rn/sec......

10 Figure 2 Case 2 Ammonia Concentrations - 29.7 C,1.8 m/sec.....

11 Figure 3 Case 3 Ammonia Concentrations 32.8 C,2.7 m/sec.....

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1. INTRODUCTION AND

SUMMARY

1.1.

Introduction This report discusses the methodology and results of the effects on the habitability of the Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station Unit 1 Con-trol Room (CR) from an accidental rele?se of ammonia stored on site.

Detailed description of the models used to calculated the resultant con-centrations and toxic effects on the control room operators is presented.

The criteria of Regulatory Guide 1.78 was used specifying that operators must have at least two minutes to put on self contained breathing ap-paratus.

In early 1981, NUREG/CR-1741 entitled "Models for the Estimation of Incapacitation Times Following Exposures to Toxic Gases or Vapors" was published. The report presents another methodology to predict operator incapacitation for one-time exposure to toxic chemicals. It con-sisted of using 5 models (A-E) covering significant physiological and toxicological effects to humans. These models are used to determine if the operators are adequately protected from a postulated ammonia spill.

This report supplements the information previously provided in Reference 7.1 and amplified in Reference 7.2.

1.2.

Summary of Results The exposures to ammonia fumes to the Control Room operators assum-ing different ambient temperatures and wind speeds were evaluated. A detailed description of the evaluation is presented in the following sec-l tions. The results indicate that the Control Room operators have ample l

time to take protective actions before incapacitation levels are reached.

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2. CONCENTRATION MODELS The analytical models used to calculate the concentration of a toxic chemical in the control room atmosphere in the event of a spill are con-sistent with those described in NUREG-0570 (Reference 7.3).

These models include the following bases and assumptions:

a. Consistent with the criteria of Regulatory Guide 1.78, one con-tainer of a toxic chemical (tank car or cylinder) was assumed to fail, releasing all ofits contents.
b. That fraction of the chemicalwhich would flash to a gas at atmos-pheric pressure is assumed to be released as a puff. The remain-ing chemical is assumed to spread uniformly on the ground and evaporate over time. It is assumed conservatively that no losses of chemicals occur as a result of absorption into the ground, flow into the river, cleanup operations, or chemical reactions.
c. The initial puff due to flashing, as well as the continuous plume due to evaporation, is transported (and diluted) by the wind to the control room air intake,
d. Atmospheric dispersion factors are calculated using the methodology of Regulatory Guide 1.78 and NUREG-0570.
e. Concentrations in the control room as a function of time were cal-culated assuming normal control room ventilation.

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F.

e

3. NUREG/CR-1741 MODELS Human exposure to airborne toxic materials produces a wide range of physiological and toxicological effects. For incapacitation effects !.here is a threshold concentration below which the body can eliminate, trans-form or otherwise act on the chemical to negate its effects. Above this threshold, there are two principal physiological modes which dominate:

concentration dependence and dose dependence. For concentration de-pendent chemicals, the total dose received is not as important as the con-centration of the chemical during exposure. Dose dependent chemicals produce an effect that is directly related to the total exposure regardless of the concentration at any given time.

NUREG/CR-1741 (Reference 7.4) presents 5 models to describe in-capacitation. Ammonia falls into the range of the first or "A" model which is described below:

AfodelA. Concentration Dependent - Immediate Sensory Initants:

His model describes a procedure for predicting the time to in-capacitation for immediate sensory irritants (e.g. Ammonia, Chlorine, and Sulfur Dioxide). The effects are concentration and not dose dependent.

Chemicals classified as immediate sensory irritants are corrosive or desiccant in their action. They inflame skin or mucous membrane especially when moist. They stimulate nerve ending in the eyes, nose, and oral cavity and inhibit respiration. They have essentially the same effect on animals as on humans and the exposure concentration is of greater significance than the dura-tion of the exposure.

3-

4. CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION Presented below is a description of ammonia. The information is taken from literature on the subject. The summary focuses on the effects this chemical has on human beings.

4.1.

Anhydrous Ammonia, NH3 Ammonia is a colorless gas with a sharp, intensely irritating odor. It has an odor threshold of 46.8 ppm for humans (Reference 7.5). Complaint levels of 20-25 ppm were first observed. Human effects such as eye ir-ritation sometimes with lacrimation, nose, throat, and chest irritation (coughing, edema oflungs) were found at concentrations up to 700 ppm, depending on exposure time (Reference 7.6,7.7,7.8). The chemical then becomes lethal starting at 2000 ppm concentration even for exposures of a very short duration (Reference 7.6). From Reference 7.7, a tabula-tion of effects as a function of exposure is shown below:

Physiological Response to Ammonia Concentration

Response

(opm)

Maximum concentration for prolonged exposure 100 Maximum amount for 1 hr 300 - 490 Least amount causing immediate irritation of eyes, nose, and throat 400 690 Dangerous for aslittle as 30 min 2470 - 6430 Rapidly fatal for short exposures 4950 - 9900 l

5. ANALYSIS PERFORMED l

The analysis performed to determine if the Control Room operators are adequately protected from an accidental spill of aqueous ammonia was performed in two steps; in the first step the appropriate meteorology was determined, and in the second step the resultant concentrations and times before incapacitation can result were determined.

In determining the appropriate meteorology for the toxic gas analysis, the NRC guidance provided by Regulatory Guide 1.78 and NUREG-0570(Reference 7.3)were used. As indicated by Regulatory Guide 1.78 l l l

l

5%ile meteorology was used in determining the site specific parameters for the analysis. The recommendations of NUREG-0570 were then ap-plied in developing the ambient temperatures, Pasquill Stability Class and wind speed combinations used in the concentration analysis for cases 1,2 and 3.

5.1.

Meteorology Meteorological data is recorded on an hourly basis from a tower located at the Rancho Seco site. Data collected in 1987 (Reference 7.9) is used to determine the conservative meteorological conditions to be used in the aqueous amm ;nia concentration calculations.

The concentrations of ammonia released from an accident are greater at high temperature and low wind conditions However, these conditions are not necessarily coincident. From the 1987 site meteorological data at the 10 meter level, it was determined that the wind at the site will be less than 0.8 m/sec five percent of the time (5%ile wind speed). Also, the temperature at Rancho Seco will exceed 29.7 C five percent of the time (5%ile temperature). This temperature agrees well with the data obtained at Sacramento from 1982 to 1987 (Reference 7.10), where a 5%ile temperature of 31.1 C(88 F)was obtained.

Further analysis of the data indicates that when the temperature exceeds 29.7, the 5%ile wind speed is 1.8 m/sec. Conversely, when the wind speed is less than 0.8 m/sec, the 5%ile temperature is 22.5 C.

Since the aqueous ammonia tank is located 152 meters west of the air in-take, only an accident with wind from the west would affect the Control Room operators. Conservatively, a 60 span of wind directions (240 to 300 ) was considered to affect the Control Room. Approximately 27%

of the time the wind is blowing from this direction. For winds from this direction, the 5%ile wind speed is 1.15 m/sec and the 5%ile temperature is 32.8 C.

Further analysis of the data indicates that for winds from the west when the temperature exceeds 32.8, the 5%ile wind speed is 2.7 m/sec, Con-versely, when the wind speed is less than 1.15 m/sec from the west, the 5%ile temperature is 24.8 C.

.s.

5.2.

Concentration Analysis Three cases were analyzed to bound the concentrations from an acciden-tal release of aqueous ammonia. These cases, described below, conser-vatively cover the potential meteorological conditions discussed above.

These cases are:

1. Iow wind condition: this case bounds the expected temperatures at low wind conditions for all cases. A wind speed of 0.6 m/sec and a temperature of 25 C with stability class F is assumed.
2. High temperature condition -fullsite data: this case uses the 5%ile temperature at the site. A wind speed of 1.8 m/sec and stability class E conservatively bound the meteorology for this case.
3. High temperature condition - west winds only: this case uses the 5%ile temperature for times when the wind is from the west. A wind speed of 2.7 m/sec and stability class E conservatively bound the meteorology for this case.

Parameters used for the analysis are ' resented in Table 1. Results are p

shown on Table 2 and on Figures 1,2, and 3.

l 6.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS As shown on Table 2 and on Figures 1,2, and 3, the Control Room operators have ample time between odor detection and incapacitations l

levels for all cases analyzed. Therefore, the Control Room operators l

have ample time to take protective actions.

-e.

7. REFERENCES 7.1 Letter from G. C. Andognini to F. J. Miraglia, USNRC, "Control Room / Technical Support Center (TSC) Habitability Report, Rev.

5," July 22,1987.

7.2 Letter from J. F. Firlit to F. J. Miraglia, USNRC, "Control Room Habitability Request for AdditionalInformation," January 13,1988.

7.3 NUREG-0570-Toxic Woor Concentrations in the Control Room Following a Postulated Accidental Release, James Wing,USNRC-ONRR, dated June 1979 7.4 NUREG/CR-1741 - Models for the Estimntion of inennacitation Times Following Ernosure to Toxic Gases and Woors. Gordon J. Smith, David E. Bennet, Sandia National Laboratories, Dec -

1980.

7.5 Dept. of Transportation, Coast Guard CHRIS Hn7nrdous Chemi-cal Data. Oct.1978.

7.6 Fffects of Ernosure to Toxic Gases - First Aid and Medical Treat-ment by Braker, Mossman and Siegel, Second Edition 7.7 Eatty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicolog by George D. and Florence E. Clayton, Volumes 2A & 2B, Third Edition.

7.8 Documentation of the Threshnid Iimit Value. Fourth Edition, 1980, American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists Inc.

7.9 Rancho Seco Meteorological Data for the period 1 January 1987 to 31 December 1987.

7.10 Monthly Report, Local Climatological Data,3-hour Observations, Sacramento, California,1982-1987, US Department of Commerce, National Climatic Center.

7

j Table 1 PARAMETERS USED FOR CALCULATING AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN THE CONTROL ROOM Parameter Value l Physical and Chemical Properties of 28% Ammonia Solution Molecular Weight 35.05 g/ mole Boiling Point 28.7 C 3

Density of Liquid......

0.89 g/cm H e at Ca pacity.....................................

1.04 cal /g-C Heat of Vaporization.................................

400 cal /g Va por Pressure at 25 C...............................

716.7 mm.Hg 7

Mass of Solution 4.08 x 10 g ll Toxicity Parameters Threshold limit Value................................ 25 ppm Incapacitation Model A RD50............................

303 ppm Odor Threshold.................................... 46.8 ppm lli Control Room Parameters Distance from the Ammonia Tank 152 m 3

Volume 55,300 ft Normal HVAC Intake Flow............................. 810 cfm t

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Table 2 Description and Results of Cases Analyzed Parameter Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Temperature ( C) 25 29.7 323 Wind Speed (m/sec) 0.60 1.8 2.7 Stability Class F

E E

Incapacitation Time 24 min 33 sec 38 min 19 sec 21 min 30 sec Maximum CR Concentration (ppm) 504 107 154 l

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ATTACHMENT 5 During the February 11, 1988 meeting, a question existed concerning the site meterological data. The staff requested that we review either Sacramento or Stockton meteorology.

To date we have evaluated the Sacramento data to determine:

(1) the first occurrence of a 5-percentile ambient temperature which exceeds 75*F (approximately 25'C), and (2) the ambient temperature which will not be exceeded more than 5% of the time during a year.

Data Base In this study, temperature data (1982 through 1987) from Sacramento, California (Local Climatological Data, 3-Hour Observations, U.S. Dept. of Commerce) were used.

Method Used Starting January 1, any observation having an ambient temperature that exceeds 75'F is identified until the total number of observations reaches 146.

Note that 146 represents 5% of the annual total observations (one every 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br />) recorded in a year. The date for which the cumulative total number of hours reaches 146 is marked as the first occurrence of the 5-percentile ambient temperature exceeding 75'F.

The annual 5-percentile ambient temperature was determined by ranking the ambient temperature observations in descending order and by computing the associated cumulative frequency until 5% was reached.

Results Based on 6 years of observations collected at Sacramento, the average first occurrence of a 5-percentile ambient temperature which exceeds 75'F is July 2 and the annual 5-percentile ambient temperature is 88'F.

For conservatism, we are providing June as the target for the resolution of the ammonia issue.

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ATTACHMENT 6 Air Balance Supplemental Data

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ATTACHMENT 6 Page 1 of 6 The following data changes, as discussed with the staff, have occurred since the last submittal:

The "A" train RAD /HI temp mode Control Rsom return traverse (A4) data was re-taken due to suspected errors in the method used.

New data was taken using methods similar to those used in taking the remainder of the data.

The "B" train RAD /HI temp mode Control Room return flow traverse (B4) data was re-taken, and the cross-sectional area was verified to be 38"X40" (10.55 ft ) instead of 9.5 ft2 assumed for the original value 2

(submittal dated February 17, 1988). As a result, the corrected value has greatly improved relative to the design flow requirements. The B2 traverse was taken concurrent with the new B4 data to verify consistency with earlier data. The correlation was good between the previous 82 data and the new value.

The value for "B" train toxic mode B4 traverse was changed solely on the basis of the 11% (i.e., 10.55/9.5) difference in cross-sectional area of the duct as defined by the verified 38"X40" dimensions versus assumed 38"X36".

(Note: An additional check of the TSC return flow for "A" train toxic mode was made and found to be somewhat higher but not significantly different from the earlier reading.)

The following data sheets and summary table are provided as a result of additional data taken and corrections to the B4 traverse duct cross-sectional area.

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ATTACifENT 6 PAGE 2 of 6 T0XIC RAD /HI TEW READINGS READINGS (ACCEPTANCE "A"

"B" OUT LE "A"

"B" OUT'0F DESIGN CRITERIA)

TRAIN TRAIN TOLERANCE TRAIN TRAIN SPEC CR Supply Traverse A2/B2 13950 (12555-15345) 13651 13481 13975

    • 13794 Make-up Air OL 1/2 1760 878 923
  • CR R turn Traverse A4/84 13950 (12555-15345) 14421
    • 13783 B

12890 (11601-14179)

    • 12987
    • 12839 A

CD 340-1 SS Office 400 (340-360) 367 370 359 359

  • CD 341-1 Asst Office 450 (382-517) 328 -27%

337 -25%

A&R 340 -24%

330 -27%

A&8

  • CD-342-1 Kitchen 800 (680-920) 646 -19%

662 -17%

A&8 650 -19%-

662 -17%

A&8 CD-342-2 Kitchen 150 (127-172) 140 140 140 143

  • CD-338-1 Computer Room 1600 (1360-1840) 1439 1451 1428 1435 CD-338-2 Computer Room 2800 (2380-3220) 2800 2848 2832 3024
  • CD-338-3 Computer Room 1200 (1020-1380) 1324 1506 +261 8

1324 1312

  • CD-338-4 Computer Room 3200 (2720-3680) 2764 2948 2648 -17%

2732 A

SR-338-5 Computer Room 1200 (1020-1380) 1104 1115 1109 1120

  • SR-339-1 Control Room 850 (722-977) 1080 +27%

1044 +23%

A&B 960 1084 +28%

B

  • SG-339-4 Control Room 650 (552-747) 636 493 -24%

B 570 559

  • SR-339-5 Control Room 650 (552-747) 528 -19%

492 -24%

A&B 634 620 Register Totals:

13950 (12555-15345) 13045 13406 12994 13380

  • SUBJECT OF NCR 7588
    • REVISED READINGS FROM DATA TAKING AFTER INITIAL SUBMISSION OF THIS TABLE O

ATTAOSENT 6 PAGE 3 cf 6

.10XIC RAD /HI 111MP READINGS

~ READINGS (ACCEPTANCE "A"-

"B" OUT OF "A"

"B" OUT OF L DESIGN CRI1ERIA) 11tATM TRAIN 1DIR ANCE 1 RAIN 1 RAIN SPEC TSC Supply Traverse A3/B3 2750 (2475-3025) 2639 2682 SF-A-7A/B Traverse A6/B6

<3520 3319 3256 2132 1997 TSC Return Traverse A5/B5 2750 (2475-3025)

N/A N/A 2050 Min.

N/A N/A CD-334-1 TSC 450 (382-517) 451 433 448 451 CD-334-2 TSC 450 (382-517) 428 423 457 434 CD-334-3 TSC 400 (340-460) 364 377 376 400 CD-334-4 1SC 450 (382-517) 457 427 455 459 i

CD-335-1 Office 300 (255-345) 296 299' 316 297 CD-336-1 Office 300 (255-345)

'301 300 322 306 CD-333-1 Corridor 400 (340-460) 372 350 378 349 Register Totals:

2669 2609 2752 2696

  • RC-334-1 TSC Return 2750 (2475-3025) **2300 - 16%

2794 A

N/A N/A 2050 Min.

N/A N/A 2084 2400

  • SUBJECT OF NCR 7588
    • REVISED READINGS FR(M DATA TAKING, AFTYR INITIAL SUIMISSION OF 111IS TABLE

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