ML20234F515
| ML20234F515 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 05000000, Bodega Bay |
| Issue date: | 06/03/1964 |
| From: | COMMERCE, DEPT. OF |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20234A767 | List:
|
| References | |
| FOIA-85-665 NUDOCS 8709230151 | |
| Download: ML20234F515 (15) | |
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- SEISMIC ITY AC TSUNA!!.1 REPORT !
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. BODEG A HEAD, C ALIFORNI A f' The Division of Licensin; and Regulation of the Atomic Energy Commis-e s.on, Washington, D. C., requested the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey to r eport on the seismicity and tsunami condition of Bodega Head, California.
This report contains an evaluation of the seismic condition of Bodega Head l
- g. ! as defined by the Pacific Gas and Electric . Company in numerous documents 7 J. submitted to the AEC. In addition, the Survey presents an independent W,
j si evaluation of the earthquake frequency pattern along the San Andreas fault, N.'
g.,
sg the most probable ground motions rneasured in acceleration and displacement G.
W for a magnitude 8.3 on this fault near Bodega Head and the tsunami hazard E.$
7.*, . at the same location. The Survey is in a unique position to perform this r
- g. - service because it has either the original documents or a complete file of p$
P3 historical data for earthquake seismology, e ; ineering ; seismology, and y
, tsunamis and has made studies in theac #! elds fr approximately 3040 years.-
ff In this report and all othcr geologic ant.i seis .4 reports submitted to m
r.; - the AEC relative to the proposed reactor at Bodega Head, frequent reference e.-
n r---
is mace to geological faults and in particular, the San Ancreas fault. This h.
u--;
is to be expected in c'escribini earthquak6s because a fault is the only sur-face manifestation cf earthquake occurrence, Geologiscs refer to faults or l !1 earth fractures as active or inactive, depe. ding uoan the recency of move-j s ments. Active faults are associated with recent ec r guake activity, such
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l as the earthquake belt around the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean and across e L
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j Asia and alo .g the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. An example of
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an inactive or relatively incetive belt is the Appalachian system in eastern i
North America where there are extencive fault systems but only minor and in-frecuent tremors.
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g The San Andreas fault, which is of principal interest due to its prox-F, imity (within 1000 feet of the limits of the western zone) to the proposed site of Sodega Head reactor, is considered by geologists and seismologists to be an active earthquake source. This fault extends southeasterly from a w
y point under the ocean about 300 miles from the Oregon coast (approximately I g
M 450 north latitude,1300 west longitude) across California and under the Gulf of California to' a point across from the southern tip of Lower Califor-W. nia. It is a right hand strike slip fault (i.e., motion is predominately v=a.:
hori: ental) and it has been the source of two great earthquakes in historic h.4.
4 g times (1857 and 1906). Other faults trending nearly parallel .lo this mas-r O '
ter fault show evidence of right hand slip or horizontal displacement.
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g Faults with trends roughly e.t right angles to the San Andreas are predomi-m '
1 gi: nately left hand type.
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EE in Southern California there is evidence for accumulated shift of about
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b- '
25 miles along the San Andreas fault since mid-Tertiary time. Some investi- l l
M gators believe much more horizontal motion has taken place. Movuments along i g the faul- have been measured by the Survey in the vicir.ity of Point Reyes j i to Petaluma, San F cnoisco to San Jose, Hayward Hollister, San Luis 3
{ Obispo to Ave .al, and others. At each location several geodetic lines were measured across the fault and where movements were no ei, they approximated t i i .
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- an average of 2 centimeters pe. ytcr. The relative motion indicates the l i west side cf :..e fcult is movir.g northtcrd and the east side scuihward, t
The mcximum horizontal shift cbserved cfter the 1906 carthquake. was 21
} feet ct Temalos Ecy and the verticc1 motion was no greater than 3 feet.
g--} This is typical of the ecrth motiens resulting from California earthquakes p i.e., greater hori:ontal thcn vertical displacements.
k YI Even though Califorr.ia and specifically the San Andreas fault are mm
[_. considered earthquake prone creas, they experience a surprisingly low gg(( r. umber of mcgnitude 6 and Erecter earthquakes. There have been two " great" p;.~:
i earth:uskes (1857 and 1936) en the fcult and approximately 23 earthquakes 1
P=- frca 1800 to 1950 with magnittees 6 to 7+ within 75 miles of this fault.
w gn,J t!any of the largest California carthe.akes have been followed by swarms
.s of strong aftershocks. Usually the stror. gest aftershocks have magnitudes E3E.i f4 J; at least one unit lower than the main snock. The frequency of the after-y< J Ssl sbecks increases with a decrease in magnitude.
A;i MF1 As noted in the repcrt submitted by Tocher for earthquakes felt at or M
55T near Bode;a Heni, ',83S-1960, ncnc of .nc., were centered at Bodega. Of the
.7
[,*j , 58 listed earthe,cckes, 14 were re.,cortc: felt at Bodegc or along Bodega Bay;
[^ 2 caused little or no damage; and 1 in '.906 caused appreciable damage and O sort sur.ccer r
.issuring.
} Studies of the seismicity a!:ng the San Andreas fault for the past 57 yea : s,cw that a magnitute 6 to C.9 ec the,uake occurred every 7 years on
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4 th. nyerece cnd a mc;nitude 7 to 7.9 csrthque.ke occurred once during this pe .e:;. Ther.e cecurrencee c;rce w:tn ino pattern determined by Gutenberg in "2.J s .!c;ty of the Earth" which prc.icts c magnitude 8 carthqucke about cnr csery 100 yecrs, in disc.s. n, the frequency cf high magnitude earth-N' qs ,ct.. it s.hould bc noted that mny reoccur in the same epicentral areas.
l
.[- l Richter mer.tiens 3 earthquakes occurrs; in Honshu, Japan at 390 north, A
F 1433 ecst, in 1697,1898 and 1905 w ih magnitudes from 7.9 to 8.3. A num-he ber of areas in Italy experienced dumcging earthquakes, for example, k-Girifcleo (1626,1659,1783,1905); .onteleone (1659,1783,1905); Gerace j p
- ~-
(1720, ".7S4, 1791, 1907). Accccc;x to Davis, Valpcraiso, Chile was ce-E stroyed in 1822 and again in 190'. ..opje, Yugoslavia, of recent memory, c
was totally or partially destroys 1963,1921,1555 and 518. 1 h.
W. To design e.nd construct care go.a r resistant structures'it is necessary ,
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n to knew not only the above-eenti m a n smicity information about destruc-i n ..
- 5 tive er.rthquakes, but also the a
- splaev ent, velocity and acceleration of I ground motions and the response chara:teristics of structures to these r:
motions. Since 1533, the Coast and Gcodetic Survey has made such measure- l
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.'pv ments cf strong earthquakes in tne 7.i.acrn United States and in Latin I o L.,
o , America. All interested parties in this investigation are aware of this
.L vcork and the data ecliected have been used extensively by all. There is l : generc; uniformity in the interpretation of the direct recorded strong motion 4
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- ! dr.tr. :.t El C:.ntro, San Francisco ced 5ecitle. However, there is some t
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I cisprsion in the ccmputed resulic v. ten citempts are mada to extrapc'.ste
-- .e-c3 r ca c:.;,n nuc e c , ecr the.vt ,ucc tc rea;nitu:.,e t.c (can Francisco, .w
, . i Extrapelatiens are nececc:.ry sina nc eagnitude 8 or greater e'arthquakes
. have ever been recorded by stren;: notion seic.c;raphs.
.l rT The strong mction seismographs cpirated at a number of locations in l California since 1933 have reccrded several intermediate tr.agnitude earth-
{ quc.kes. Among those recordec wc.re tha El Centro of 1940, Long Bet:h of h
- 4 33 Kern County of 1952, San Francisco cf 1957 and Olympia-Tacoma, 3 y r w"
. '!.'ath in-ten of 1949. The gecatect reccrded accelerations r.cted were cf the
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order of 1/3 g in Sea tle, Eshingic .. ur.d be veave periods for the greates:
P's.bi E accelerations v.ere 0.2 - 0.4 sec:nd. . cst of the recordings have been nade W: !
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ty instruments en unconsolidain, rna.trir.1 wit 5 the exceptions cf the Golden ir: ..
_i o ca,,e Gate recorc,ing of. the . ,r..a r en ,uc
- e. .., ear r.c ak e wh :. .cr. was on granite.
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no record:.ngs .$. ave been mace w n...n . n 7 .,:;. miles c: tr.e ep: center so ,shere are y
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no ex" rimental data for acceler .-icn:. cr cisplacemeni4 cf ground motions i V
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w:t.in a m:le or two of an earthquake epicenter.
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ihrough tre usa of thc - ,~.ren; tcti:n ca:a in ec a .ng response H.
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u spectrum and in ccrrelatin; i.v.enciticc cf :,trong eartnquaken, the Survey
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has estimated a..celert.iion is.c;crs for hde;a -
Head. In addition to these 1 Lg l' earthqu:.ke cer: stations, ir.c Survey has :.v ?n- .sd similar experiments in l T connec-fon with n.:c:. ear exples o r.c . cven ,.r:. ;h the s:.urce techanism tor -
} the relcc:a cf energy by e:.rt .c.uskas and ex,:lesicns c!% . it is inter-i 1 esiin-e ic r.e.e inc.t the t.cceleraticns of be n are of the same order of I.
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e c:. i.C m in the s:re coricd rcn. o cc.u:. cecur cnd shculd be tc. ken into hs .
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[.' cf cc:.c;c Hccd durir.c c majcr cr_rthc :nc. there is a scarcity of datc.
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upon e.ich tc ectimate a pecbchla di:.ploccn.ni. The geolo;y of the cite C' y Z* . as studied a-d reperic:' bv the Geolcgical Survey bated on excavations
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of the chcit. It cust be emphaci:cd thc.t this ciudy covered an infini-r-
h- . teci .ul c:.;mont of the ge:1ccice'. etc ::ture acs cic.ted with the San w-Andrecs fault. Tnerefore, if cuch concentrated surveys were extended te m
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&, _. other arean evcn vary close te . c prep:td site, it is our epini:n that M,
evicer.ce o:. recent fc..u, t :.r.a. .z c . c Oc : v n:: . r..oreover, the occur rence
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in the ccco cf 9.c Point Rey : Penin; .'.:. d .- H ; the 4 ea thque.kes the .
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b di2plcccm:n u - red.-cek indic:.;a the.t fca; .i r. docs o :gr cuiside the Sa.n .
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en:.rcs:. ,.c .t :c..s :n sy .p:.iny v . ;n a.rtc ::sp;a. cements w:. .. .;n.n the zone.
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I pnerr.t:c by c loc:.1 a . - .e.ac.':s : a ., ..:.nber 21 13':2 th ere . i s' r.: record 3
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cf c doctructive tsuna-i beir; :.mrr.m cieng the Cc.liforr.ic cot.si. The P
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r-dI " E' 2 v::.v4 re.,criedly recche: 1st e.evations of 5^ feet t.t Gavicta, 3^-15 feet at Sanic 5:.rbarc, cr.d B or ecre fset ct Venturc..
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Inc.seuch as historical record: for locally generated isunc~.is cre c:
. . . g F^ I t sparce, the dimensions of tsanamis ina, he,ve been established--through rela-geg j tively frequcnt occurrence:, in J-p:.r. :hould :,3 ccr.;!isrsi. !!dt .:.: cens u.
c:ns; der:.:e vorx in esta,!:. c ..sn.ng L:aus.:cci relations..:ps or - .a r.va: 1-i
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4 able Jr.::., .: ., data crinb both car-h .ur.ke magnitude and focal c'epth. His
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D. :. heig51 of about 33 feet c. gresu . The earthq.,ake of f.hrch 3, 333.
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In confirmation of these facts, statistics are tabulated for a few j
i , major tsunamis generated in different geographical areas. The middle j i
column represents the distance betwesn the places named on the'1 eft and i
the epicenter. The right column is maximum wave height ordinarily measured between trough and crest. Those heights fol. lowed by an asterisk (*) are M.
g.
l 3 ,
believed to be run up above some datum. (Possibly mean sea level). l t;c,
- Prince. William Sound - March 28,1964 - 61o N,147.5o W, Mag. 8.4.
l a
3 Cordova Kodiak 55 miles { Naut) 190 30* feet 35 I
j k.s Seward 80 30* 4 gE Sitka 445 23* l 5 Crescent City 460 13 !
San Francisco 1,700 1, 7 l EE M
E Chilean earthquake - May 22,1%0 - 380 S, 73.50 W, Mag. Oh.
j+s 6 Talcahuano, Chile 81 miles (Naut) 1 feet F# Valparaiso 312 Q Antofagasta Crescent City 875 5 529 10.9 e
- Hil t Hawaii 5 740 35* )
$ Kamaisi, Japan 9,150 12.9 ]
4 Aleutian earthquake - March 9,1957 - 510 N,175o W, Mag. 8.3.
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Adak, Alaska Unalaska 80 miles (Naut) 355 26(7)* feet
- 4.5 v- e Kahalui Hawaii 2,005 +11.2 L Valpara, iso, Chile 7,384 6.7
- Kamchatka earthquake - November 4,1952 - 52io N,1590 E, Mag. St.
I I Attu, Alaska 495 miles (Naut) 8.0 feet l ! '
Adak 893 6.9 '
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Hawall 893 7.9 j Hilofrancisco San 2,265 3, 8.1 I !
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10 Aleutian earthquake - April 1,1946, 53ho N,1630 W, Mag. 7.4 i Alaska 85 miles (Naut) 80* feet Scotch Cap,ll Hilo, Hawa 2,050 l 35*(7) '
San Luis Obispo 2,090 Ok Honshu, Japan earthquake - March 2,1933, 39to N,144AD E, Mag. 8.5. ]
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.Syo$ataJapan Tan
'175 miles (Naut) 125 30* feet 27*
Koyatori 115 40*
- e. . Ryori Sirahama 125 62+
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Hirota Atumari 130 75+* l
),
Even though little is known about tsunami generation, there is evi-N FM dence that a potential for a tsunami exists along the California coast, M particularly along the San Andreas fault off the California coast.
E1 k.]. It has been shown that magnitude 8 or greater earthquakes occur along w j g the San Andreas fault and that such earthquakes, if they occur off shore, a'd g can generate tsunamis. The condition for generating a tsunami is greatly ]
enhanced if the fault movement has a vertical compnent; however, slides r-. .
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created along the continental shelf, for instance, are potential tsunami Bs sources. Therefore, it would not be unusual for an earthquake approxi-K mately 250 miles from Bodega Head to produce a wave height of 25 - 30 feet L-c
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near shore above mean sea level. The Survey reconsnands that adequate pro-
{, tection be provided for the proposed Bodega Head reactor site against a potential tsunami run up of 40 - 50 feet above man sea level, i i .
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(1) The seismicity study of the San Andreas fault area near the pro- 1
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posed Bodega Head reactor shows the possibility of a magnitude 8.3 earth-L quake about every 100 years. For this reason, the Coast and Geodetic Sur-N vey believes that an earthquake of magnitude 8.3 should be expected during I 1
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- the lifetime of the reactor plant.
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(?) The Survey believes that a maximum probable ground acceleration l
~ .i of 2/3 g at perlods from 0.2 - 0.6 second ehould be expecteld at Bodega Ra )
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g Head and that gr.ound accelerations as high as 1.0 g in the!same period i.e. - -
O p., range could occur and should be taken into account in the design of the -
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facility.
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{, (3) The Survey believes that relative ground displacements of 2f feet J 1
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should be considered in the design of 'he facility.
i'r (4) The Survey believes that a tsunami could affect Bodega Head and I Y@ that the maximum run up. for sur.h a tsunami would be 40 - 50 feet above mean l y
{= sea level with wave longins of 25 - 30 feet.
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