ML20071H636
Text
. .- .- .- ---- ____-
. g. . w ,
. \
~
. t 3 ] 7, 1983
, .\
l UNITED STATES OF AMERI i
-NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMIfislON'Qp ;
P. -i tk og!?%'y%
Ac s ~,
. BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LIC GlBOAbc/ay
~ocg ,nce ?
In:the Matter.of ) to
) .
UNION ELECTRIC COMPANY- ) Docket No. STN 50-483 OL.
)
(Callaway Plant,. Unit 1) )
AFFIDAVIT OF ROGER E. LINNEMANN, M.D.
ON-REED CONTENTION 6 (PROTECTIVE' ACTIONS AGAINST RADIOIODINES)
City of Philadelphia )
) ss.
' Commonwealth of Pennsylvania )
ROGER E.-LINNEMANN, being duly sworn, deposes and says as follows:
- 1. ILam a medical doctor with particular expertise in the area of radiological health. I am certified by the American Board of Radiology and the American Board of Nuclear Medicine.
'I am Clinical Associate. Professor-of Radiology at the University'of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and a visiting
~ Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology.at Northwestern Uni-versity School of Medicine. I am also Vice Chairman of Radiation Management-Corporation'("RMC"), a consulting firm twhich I established in 1968:to provide emergency medical a&
-i F305250428 830520'-
PDR ADOCK 05000483
._E _
PDR' .
.y
expertise and support in the event of an accident involving injury to employees of nuclear power plants and to provide routine radiological health consulting on_ radiation health and safety to workers in nuclear facilities. Presently, RMC's Emergency Medical Assistance Program provides 24-hour emergency support to some 20 nuclear power plant sites throughout the country. Additionally, we have laboratory capability to measure radiation in the working environment of a nuclear power plant as well as in the outside environment. We did extensive analysis of the environment around Three Mile Island during the TMI-2 accident. This analysis included, among other things, Iodine concentrations in the food pathway chain. On behalf of Union Electric Company, RMC is currently developing a training program for medical personnel who might be called upon in the event of a radiological emergency at the Callaway Plant. This program involves the developing of the proper facilities, supplies, equipment and personnel at the Callaway Memorial Hospital to enable the hospital to provide emergency treatment and care of the radiation injury as well as the contaminated and injured patient. In addition, plant personnel will be trained in the first-aid and rescue of radiation injuries, and the local ambulance support will be trained in the transporta-tion of radiation injuries. This will be annual training combined with an exercise to maintain proficiency at the Callaway. Memorial Hospital'in the event of a radiation injury occurring at the site. A summary . of my -protese-ional- ~ ~ -
I .. g . . . . . , .
._ a -
l l
qualifications and experience is attached-hereto as Exhibit "A". I have personal knowledge of the matters stated herein.
and believe .them to be true and correct. I make this affidavit in response to Reed Contention 6 (Protective Actions Against LRadiciodines) in this proceeding.
- 2. .The purpose of this affidavit is to describe the risks
~ and benefits' associated with the ingestion of potassium iodine
("KI"), and to endorse the policy established by the State of Missouri for-the. distribution of KI in the event of a radiolog-ical emergency at the Callaway Plant.
- 3. Iodine is taken from the blood stream by the thyroid
. gland and used in the manufacture of the thyroid hormones, Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine, which regulate metabolism.
Iodine is normally obtained by an individual through his or her regular. diet, e.g., table salt.
- 4. .If an individual is exposed to radioactive iodine, the body cannot distinguish it from stable (i.e., nonradioactive) iodine and, consequently, will concentrate the radioactive iodine in the thyroid. If a hazardous amount of radioactive iodine is or may be present in the atmosphere, the hazard can be minimized through the administration of stable-iodine in the form of KI. The KI will increase the blood pool of available iodine for the thyroid. If an individual has not yet been exposed to radioactive iodine, the KI will effectively block 3-
. , + , . 4 _ , -. !, ..,, , , , - . , - , , - - - - , . - . - , e . . - - >,n, .,
the radioactive iodine from concentrating in thr, already saturated thyroid. The " blocked" radioactive iodine is then eliminated in the urine. Even if an individual has already
.been exposed to radioactive iodine, within the first hour after exposure a 130 mg. tablet of KI will block 90% of the uptake.
If KI is administered within four to six hours after exposure, it will block the uptake by 40-50%. (KI will'have little effect if given more than twelve hours after exposure.)
- 5. The effectiveness of KI as a radioactive iodine blocker is directly related to the time at which it is adminis-tered. Thus, if taken in a timely fashion (not too soon or too late), it is highly effective in reducing radioactive iodine exposures to the thyroid gland; conversely, if taken at the wrong time, it can have little or no effect.
- 6. Adverse reactions to KI are directly related to the i
dose and duration of the therapy. KI has been used for the treatment of bronchial asthma and other pulmonary diseases.
These patients have been administered doses of 300 to 1200 mg.
Cough medication containing over 100 mg. of KI has been given to children. The toxicity reports on KI are related to chronic l
use, e.g., if administered'over a period of years, its use has l l
resulted in the development of hypothyroidism. The risk from a very small dose, e.g., 130 mg., for an emergency situation is very small. On the other hand, there has been no experience with tha v-4 =1r = e..c -l' gi c reactions,- associated with
.._v.~, .
l general distribution of KI to the public. Those who have received.the drug to date have been under direct medicel supervision.
- 7. Current federal guidance suggests that KI should be
-administered to so-called high risk persons, -- people unable to evacuate -- in the event of a radiological emergency at a nuclear facility. Providing KI to individuals only if they are at risk of receiving a dose of 25 rem or greater is sensible, in my view, given what we know about risks associated with radioactive iodine. For example, iodine-131 is given to patients in nuclear medicine departments to obtain functional and morphological information concerning the thyroid gland. A thyroid uptake study, to determine how well the gland is functioning, will deliver a dose of 6 to 20 rem to the thyroid.
A thyroid scan, used to obtain morphological information, will deliver a dose of 100 to 200 rem to the thyroid. An overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) may be treated by administering between 6,000 and 10,000 rem of I-131 to the thyroid. In the numerous. follow-up studies that have been performed to ascertain the biological effects of these various doses, there is no evidence of increased leukomogenic or thyroid cancer risk below doses of about 100 rem.
- 8. Because of the risks of misuse and loss of KI tablets, the potential for allergic reactions in a large population, the L
- prebl-- associated-with the distribution of KI (e.g., shelf I
life of the drug),'and the increasing evidence that following an accident at a nuclear facility, nacent iodine would be very chemically reactive in a moist environment and would likely plate out and not be released _to the atmosphere, in my view it is not necessary or prudent to distribute KI to the general public. However, for individuals at greater risk, e.g.,
emergency workers and.-institutionalized individuals who are not evacuated, selected distribution of KI is advisable.
- 9. In conclusion, the Missouri State policy on the distribution of KI represents a sound approach and conforms to the national medical and scientific consensus.
t
/'? 6'
/((,iT $hM/[q, w~m
,f R J
f lcgeir.J E. 'Uinnemann Subscribeo and sworn to before me this J Wt day of4;W L, 1983.
a .lv !_ l t l ! -!b L {
ilotary Pubric SHELLY KOFFLER Notary Public, Phila., Phila Co,
- My Commiasion expiresMy Commission Exoim w,m u .g 1
1
1 .
a.
EXHIBIT A CURRICULUM VITAE ROGER E. LINNEMANN, M.D.
Vice Chairman Radiation Management Corporation
t . .
- ROGER E. LINNEMANN, M.D.
Vica chairman Radiation Management-Corporation
,3508 Market Street University City Science Center Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215)243-2950 I
t-EDUCATION i i
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; B.A. (Cum Laude) 1952 .
l
[ ~ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; B.S., M.D. 1956 Walter. Reed Army Hosp' ital, Washington, D.C.; INTERNSHIP 1956-1957
! Walter -Reed Army Hospital, Washington, D.C.; RESIDENCY (Radiology) 1962-1965 ,
a
...e***
Certified by American Board of' Radiology 1964 Certified by American Board of Nuclear Medicine 1972.
j Licensed to practice Medicine in 1) Comunonwealth of Pennsylvania; 2) Illinois; 4
and 3) Minnesota 1
1- Sandia Base, New Mexico; Nuclear. Weapons Orientation Course 1961
} Walter Reed Army .T stitute of'Research, Washington, D.C.; Medical Aspects of
! Nuclear Warfare 1562 i
US Department of Agriculture Graduate School (Evening), Washington, D.C.
i Russian Language 1963-1965-L I PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1981-present vice Chairman and chief Medical Officer,-Radiation Management-Corporation 1969-1981_ President / Chief Executive Officer, Radiation Management '
Corporation i
.1974-present~ Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology, University _'
of. Pennsylvania School of Medicine
!' 1977-present Visiting Associate-Professor, Clinical. Radiology, l Northwestern University Medical School'
-1969-1974 ~ Assistant Professor, Clinical Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of. Medicine
-!1968-1969- Nuclear Medicine Consultant, Philadelphia Electric Company.
~
PROFESSIOREL DEPERIENCE (Continued)
Jan-Aug 1968 Assistant Professor, Radiology, miversity of Minnesota School of Medicine (investigated use of isotopes in kidney function evaluation) 1957-1968 Engloyed by thited States Army .....
1965-1968: ^ -=Mng Officer, Nuclear Medicine Research Detachment, -
Europe, Radiological Health Consultant, US Army-Europe.
(responsible for plans, procedures and training of military hospitals and personnel in the evaluation, evacuation and treatment of radiation casualties. In January,1966 stent to Palca.aris, Spain for evaluation of medical and environmental aspectn of the mid-air collision involving nuclear weapons) 1961-1962: Research Associate, Department of Radiobiology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. (investigated use of anti-radiation drugs in treatment of cancer) 1957-1961: General Medical Officer, Europe Languages: German, Russian i
PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS 1982-present American Medical Association Council on Scientific-Affairs Subconnaittee on the Management of Radiation Accident Victims
^
1979-present Health Physics Society Standards Committee i'
1978-present General Dynamics Electric Boat Division Radiological Health Consultant 1978-present Edison Electric Institute Utility Radiation Standards Group 1973-present University o_f, f Pennsylvania Radiation Safety Conunittee 4 -
1973-present te Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. -Public Affairs & Information Conunittee i 1970-present te American Nuclear Society Subcomunittee for Writing Bnergency '
Procedures Standards -l 1969 s 1975 Atomic' Energy Ccmunission ad hoc Conunittee on Medical' Aspects of Radiation Accidents 1966-present American College o_f_ Radiology ......
1969-present. Commission on Radiologic Units, Standards and Protection 1969-present Committee on Radiation Exposure of Women 1969-present . Connaittee on Radiological Aspects of Disaster Planning 1967-1978: International Affairs Comunittee 1965-1968 U.S. Delegate g NATO Radiation Protection Ceaunittee & Medical !
. Aspects of Nuclear Warfare'Ccamittee
PROFESSICHAL APPOINTMENTS (Continued) 1971-present- Department of Defense'& Environmental Protection Agency Medical. Liaison Officer's Network (MLON)-State of Pennsylvania Representative PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS American College of Radiology American Public Health Association O American Medical Association
'. Society of Nuclear Medicine Philadelphia Roentgen Ray Society
-Pennsylvania Medical _ Society College of Physicians of Philadelphia Radiological Society'of North America, Inc.-
American Institute of Physicists /Asperican Association of Physicists in Medicine American College of Nuclear Physicians American Council on Germany Union League of Philadelphia
..e********e AWARDS & HONORS 1978 Association o_f, f Medicine & Security, Madrid, Spain (Honorary Member) 1968 University o_f, f Minnesota Radiological Research Scholar (National Research Council)
}. 1968 United States M Legion of Merit e
e***********
PRESENTATIONS
- - 1980 Korea Women's Association (Seoul, Korea) presented paper, " Energy: The Basis for Health in Developing and Developed Countries", at International Symposium on the i Expulsion of Environmental Pollution ,
1 i 1980 Korean Association for Radiation Protection ' (Seoul, Korea) presented seminar on emergency management of radiation injuries
) 1980 Ministry of Health-(Madrid, Spain) presented paper, " Definitive Treatment of Radiation Injuries",
at First Seminar on-Assistance to Those Wounded by Radioactive f -Elements and Ionizing: Radiations 1
_y, - u _ , , . - , -e---, - -- , _ , -I---- +.,w - . ,
- s. . : l i
l l
PRESENTATIOttS ' (Continued) l
-l l
Reinisch-Westfalisches Elekrizitatswerk (Essen, Germany) 1979 The Basis for Health in Developing presented paper, " Energy:
and Developed Countries", at The Seventh Energy Workshop 1978 The Swedish State Power Board (Vallingby, Sweden) presented seminar, " Management and Treatment of Radiation Injuries", and conducted radiation emergency medical exercise at the Ringhauls Nuclear Power Plant ,
1978 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Wiederaufarbeitung (Hannover, Germany) appeared before the Prime Minister and Parliament of Lower Saxony as an International expert to testify on the safety of a reprocessing plant at Gorleben, Germany 1978 International Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna, Austria) presentation at Symposium on Late Effects of Ionizing Radiation 1978 Associacion de Medicina y,Seguridad en el Trabajo de Unesa para la Industria Electrica (Madrid, Spain) presented one-day seminar entitled, " Primary Management of Radiation Injury" ,
1977 International Atennic Energy Agency (Vienna, Austria) presented paper, " Emergency Medical Assistance Programs j
for Nuclear Power Reactors", at Symposium on Handling of 4
Radiation Accidents
'1967 University g Freiburg Institute of Radiobiology (Freiburg, Germany); presented seminar on diagnosis and treatment of radiation injuries t
I i
. \
._- - _ ___ . _ _ _ _ -- - _ _ . , .m._,,. . _ . , , .,- . , ., , , . _ , .
PUBLICATI0tE
- 1. Linnemann, Roger E. " Berlin: 2 e Young-Old City". Senior Citizen (W=rnhar 1961)
- 2. T.4 r,r _ u , Ibger E.
"'1his Way to Berlin". %e American W4r tine Review:14, No. 4 (nm,=+=_r 1963)
- 3. Lirr=.-wi, Roger E. "2e Acute Radiation SyrmL.ww and its Inpact cn the Chain of Evacuaticm". Madiral Bulletin, U.S. g Europe:M , No. 12 (Deostbar 1965)
- 4. Lirr=.-ui, Ibger E. and Ibbert T. Wangenann. " Mad 4r=1 Support of Nuclear
!?eapcns Accidents". Madir al Bulletin, U.S. Army Europe (Noverober 1967)
- 5. Lirrs-a , Roger E. and O. Messavar+=nidh. "Erholungsvorgaenge bei Groastieren nach Ganzkoerperbestrahlung", :dem 6, Jahrbuch von der vereinigung Duetsdier Strahlenschue-vzte (1966)
"rwernana padine4m Giidanr=". Military Medicine: 3 3_3_,
- 6. Lirrai-ui, Ibger E.
pp. 771-716 (Septenber 1968)
- 7. Icken, Merle K., r.4r,r - ui, Ibger E. and George S. Kush. " Evaluation of Renal Function Using a Scin+411a&4rwi Camera and W*ar". Radiology: 93, No. 1, pp. 85-94 (July 1969)
- 8. Lirrai-us, Ibger E., Icken, Merle K. and Colin Markland. "Cartputerized Capaduaital 1%.cas to Study Kidney Function". Journal of_ Urology: 103, pp. 533-537 (May 1970)
- 9. Lirr-i-ni, Ibger E. and J.W. 24aaman. " Regional Approach to the Managment of Radiaticn Accidents". Journal of the American Public Health Associaticn:
g , No. 6, pp. 1229-1235 (June 1971T
- 10. Linnemann, Ibger E. and Ibbert H. Holmes. "Nurlaar Accidents and h eir Mar ==v=nt" . Dnergency Mad 4ral Care, pp. 281-292, Spitzer, Stanley and Wilbur W. Oaks (eds.) New York: Brune and Stratton, Inc. (1971)
- 11. T.4 r- -. ui, Roger E. , Rasnussen, N.C. and F.K. PJ.ttman. Nuclear Energy:
Issues and Answers. Atcznic Industrial For1F., It.C. in ever= ration with Pennsylvania Power & Light Ocstpany (April 1973)
- 12. Linnemann, Ibger E. " Accentuate the -Positive". Trial: -'-10, No. 4, p. 13 (July / August 1974)
- 13. Lirraimni, Roger E.
"Arv=*nate the Positive". Congressional Record: 109, pp. 4964-4967. Washingtcm, D.C." Uttited States of America Prmaadings and Debates of the 93rd Congress, Raema Sessicri (July 23, 1974)
- 14. Lirr s - ui, Roger E. and J.W. @ iessen. Editorial, "In Defense of Radiaticn and Cells". S e New York Times (May 23, 1974)
(Ocntinued)
,-m - - - - - - - . - - - - - - . - - - - - ---
~
4 Ibger E. Linnena:m - Ps14ce4rvus
! 15. Linnsnarm, Ibger E. Nuclear Radiation and Health. Springville, NY Nielaar Fuel Services, Inc. (Sep e r 23, 1974)
I 16. Linnsoenn, Ibger E. Editorial, "In Defense of Nuclear Power Plants",
h Philadalphia Inquirer, p.11A (March 6,1975) i 17. Liriwi-ni, Ibger E. "Nielear Power Plants Pose Minimal Health Risks",
P=. w tive. News Bureau of the University of Pennsylvania, Phi 1=daldi ia, PA (February 1975)
- 18. Lirisiiniii, Ibger E. "Madica1 Aspects of Power Generation". Tn m1aa.
Massadiusetts: Electrical Council of New England (June 1975) i
- 19. Liis==nista, Roger E. " Bugs in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle". Spectrun, p. 59, l j Gadi Kaplan (ed.) Piscataway, NJ
- h Institute of Elec M cal and l Eled.1.uaic Engineers, Inc. (Segu=le_r 1975)
- 20. Linnsnann, Ibger E. and Fred A. Mettler, Jr. "Biau. pry Madica1 Assistance Programs for Nielaar Power Reactors". Internaticnal Atcznic Energy Agency
- Synposiun on the Ha=114ng of Radiaticm Widarits, IAEA-SM-215/22, Vienna
- Austria (1977)
- 21. Linnenann, Ibger E. "hby AIARA?" Transactions of 1979 American Nuclear Society Conferenm, Atlanta, GA (June 3-7, 1979), Vol. 32, TANS AO 32 1 832 i ISSN 0003-018x (1979)
- 22. Lirimmimui, Roger E., Far*harth, C.J. and Ray Crandall. "'Ihe Contaminated
, and Injured Patient". Procaadings of '1%enty-fourth Annual Meeting of the i
Health Physics Society, July 9-13,1979 (Philadalphia, PA) j
- 23. Liiir==caui, Ibger E. "h 'Ihree Mile Island Incident in 1979:%e Utility
- Response". h Medical Basis for Radiation Accident Preparedness, K.F. Hubner j and S.A. Fry (eds.), Elsevier/ North-Holland, pp. 501-509 (1980) i j 24. Lirimmi-ui, Roger E. " Initial Management of Radiation Injuries". Journal of Radiation Protection, -
5, No.1, pp.11-25 (huer 1980) i 25. Linnsnann, E. "Ficilities for Handling the Ccutaminated Patient".
- Radiation dent Preparedness
- Madical and Man =<= vial Aspects, Science-
~
'Ihru-Media Ccmpany: how York (1980)
- 26. Linnemann, Ibger E. "A Systems Approach to the Initial Management of Radiation Injuries". Systems Approadt to Einu.pt1 Medical Care, Appleton-
. Century-Crofts: New York (1980)
- 27. Linre..arai, Roger E. , SW Eii M. Kim and Frazier L. Bronscn. "'Ihree Mile Island: Dadical and Public Health Aspects of a Radiation Accident".
Journal of Radiaticn Pr6uicticm, 6,, No.1, pp. 45-52 (CCuia. 1981)
PIGESSIGIAL 1ESTDOfY in progress thicm Electric Otmpany Bnergency Planning /r_.4 nan ing hvimpt for !
all==y Nuclear Power Plant in progress Iong Island Lidating 0% F.~ps:y Planning Haavimpt for the Shornham Nuclear Pcuer Station _
in p ogress Texas Utilities omnerating Ocupony muergency Planning Hearings
. for. the Ctzumnche Peak Stama Electric Station in progress Pennsylvania Power & Light 0:mpany Susquehanna Steam Electric g 2 ung License n-ar4 --
in progress . Florida Power & LicAt Ocupany Turkey Point Steam Generator ampair Hearings John Bensk v. Pennsylvania Power Ompany g d. #199 of 1977 in progress Etninent newnain 1981 Southern =14 fam4= farlienn twma'sy Emergency P1 arming Ha= rima for the San Onofre Pelaar Gerset.ing Station 1979 'Gorleben Nuclear Fuels W-4ng Plant Haari_ma before the Prime Minister and Parliament of'Iower Saxony, Hanover, Germany i 1979 Florida Power & Light Otmpany Turkey Point Bef mar Station Cy .t.ing License Hearings 1 1971 Ltag Island Lighting Ocupany Shoreham Melaar Power Station Operating License u c< m.
1970 Baltimore Gas & Electric 0:npany Calvert Cliffs Nuclear' Power Plant Operating License u vim.
- 1970 Northeast Utilities Service Ocupany Millstone Nuclear Power Staticn operating License Ha=rimm e
e t . . ,n-- -, ..-wf-..+ ,ew ... ...% . + . . . . . . . .