ML20080C712
| ML20080C712 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Callaway  |
| Issue date: | 08/24/1983 |
| From: | Linnemann R UNION ELECTRIC CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20080C696 | List: |
| References | |
| ISSUANCES-OL, NUDOCS 8308290177 | |
| Download: ML20080C712 (15) | |
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August 24, 195 5 26 k0.df -
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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD In the Matter of )
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UNION ELECTRIC COMPANY ) Docketi No. STN 50-483 OL
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(Callaway Plant, Unit 1) ) ,
e APPLICANT'S TESTIMONY OF ROGER E. LINNEMANN, M.D.
IN RESPONSE TO REED CONTENTIONS 6 AND 16 (PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AGAINST RADIOIODINES ,
AND MESSAGES WITH INSTRUCTIONS FOR .
LONG-TERM SHELTERING) ,
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8308290177 830824 ~~; J PDR ADOCK 05000483 T PD8t 2
1 Q.1 Please state your name.
2 A.1 Roger E. Linnemann.
3 Q.2 What is your occupation and by whom are you employed?
4 A.2 I am a medical doctor with particular expertise in 5 the arca of radiological health. I am certified by the 6 American Board of Radiology and the American Board of Nuclear 7 Medicine. I am Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology at 8 the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and a 9 visiting Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology at North-10 western University School of Medicine. I am also Vice Chairman 11 of Radiation Management Corporation ("RMC"), a consulting firm 12 which I established in 1968 to provide emergency medical 13 expertise and support in the event of an accident involving in-14 jury to employees of nuclear power plants, and to provide rou-15 tine radiological health consulting on radiation health and 16 safety to workers in nuclear facilities. Presently, RMC's 17 Emergency Medical Assistance Program provides 24-hour emergency 18 support to so;he 20 nuclear power plant sites throughout the 19 country. Additionally, we have laboratory capability to 20 measure radiation in the working environment of a nuclear power 21 plant as well as in the outside environment. We did extensive 22 analysis of the environment around Three Mile Island during the 23 TMI-2 accident. This analysis includ'd, among other things, 24 iodine concentrations in the food pathway chain. A statement
_ 25 of my professional qualifications is appended as Attachment 1 l 26 to this testimony.
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l 1 Q.3 Please describe the services RMC is providing to the 2 Union Electric Company.
3 A.3 On behalf of Union Electric Company, RMC is currently 4 developing a training program for medical personnel who~might
-5 be called upon in the event of a radiological emergency at the
- 6 Callaway Plant. This program involves the developing of the
'/ proper facilitics, supplies, equipment and personnel at the 8 Callaway Memorial Hospital to enable the hospital to provide 9 emergency treatment and care of radiation injuries as well as 10 contaminated and injured patients. In addition, plant person-11 nel will be trained in the first aid and rescue of radiation 12 injuries, and the local ambulance support will be trained in 13 the transportation of radiation injuries. This will be annual 14 training combined with an exercice to maintain proficiency at 15 the Callaway Memorial Hospital in the event of a radiation in-16 jury occurring at the site.
17 Q.4 What is the purpose of your testimony?
18 A.4 The purpose of this testimony is to der ribe the 19 richs and benefits associated with the ingestion of potassium 20 iodide ("KI"), and to endorse the policy established by the 21 State of Miusouri for the distribution of KI in the event of a 22 radiological emergency at the Callaway Plant.
23 Q.5 Could you please describe how KI acts as a thyroid 24 prophylactic against radioiodines?
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1 A.5 Iodine is taken from the blood stream by the thyroid 2 gland and used in the manufacture of the thyroid hormones, 3 Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine, which regulate metabolism. Io-4 dine is normally obtained by an individual through his or her 5 regular diet, e.g., table salt.
6 If an individual is exposed to radioactive iodine, the 7 body cannot distinguish it from stable (i.e., nonradioactive) 8 iodine and, consequently, will concentrate the radioactive io-9 dine in the thyroid. If a hazardous amount of radicactive io-10 dine is or may be present in the atmosphere, the hazard can be 11 minimized through the administration of stable iodine in the 12 form of KI. The KI will increase the blood pool of available 13 iodine for the thyroid. If an individual has not yet been 14 exposed to radioactive iodine, the KI will effectively block 15 the radioactive iodine from concentrating in the already satu-16 rated thyroid. The " blocked" radioactive iodine is then elimi-17 nated in the urine. Even if an individual has already been 18 exposed to radioactive iodine, within the first hour after ex-19 posure a 130 mg. tablet of KI will block 90% of the uptake. If 20 KI is administered within four to six hours after exposure, it 21 will block the uptake by 40 to 50%. (KI will have little 22 effect if given more than twelve hours after exposure.) The 23 effectiveness of KI as a radioactive iodine blocker, then, is 24 directly related to the time at which it is administered.
25 Thus, if taken in a timely fashion it is highly effective in 1 reducing radioactive iodine exposures to the thyroid gland; 2 conversely, if taken at the wrong time, it can have little or 3 no effect.
4 Q.6 What are the possibilities for adverse reactions?
5 A.6 Adverse reactions to KI are directly related to the 6 dose and duration of the therapy. KI has been used for the 7 treatment of bronchial asthma and other pulmonary diseases.
8 These patients have been administered doses of 300 to 1200 mg.
9 Cough medication containing over 100 mg. of KI has been given 10 to children. The toxicity reports on KI are related to chronic 11 use, e.g., if administered over a period of years, its use has 12 resulted in the development of hypothyroidism. The risk from a 13 very small dose, e.g., 130 mg., for an emergency situation is 14 very small. On the other hand, there has been no experience 15 with the risks, e.g., allergic reactions, associated with 16 general distribution of KI to the public. Those who have 17 received the drug to date have been under direct medical super-18 vision.
19 Q.7 What is your medical opinion of federal guidance rec-20 ommending administration of KI for exposures of 25 rem or 21 greater?
22 A.7 Current federal guidance suggests that KI should be 23 administered to so-called high risk persons in the event of a 24 radiological emergency at a nuclear facility. Providing KI to 25 individuals only if they are at risk of receiving a dose of 25 1 rem or greater is sensible, in my view, given what we know 2 about risks associated with radioactive iodine. Certainly, in 3 my view, this is a conservative criterion given that thyroid 4 abnormalities are only associated with much higher doses. This 5 applies as well to children, infants and pregnant women. For 6 example, iodine-131 is given to patients in nuclear medicine 7 departments to obtain functional and morphological information 8 concerning the thyroid gland. A thyroid uptake study, to de-9 termine how well the gland is functioning, will deliver a dose 10 of 6 to 20 rem to the thyroid. A thyroid scan, used to obtain 11 morphological information, will deliver a dose of 100 to 200 12 rem to the thyroid. An overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) 13 may be treated by administering between 6,000 and 10,000 rem of 14 I-131 to the thyroid. In the numerous follow-up studies that 15 have been performed to ascertain the biological effects of 16 these various doces, there is no evidence of increased 17 leukomogenic or thyroid cancer risk below doses of about 100 18 rem.
19 Q.8 What is your opinion regarding the State of 20 Missouri's policy on the administration of KI.
21 A.8 Because of the risks of misuse and loss of KI tab-22 lets, the potential for allergic reactions in a large popula-23 tion, the problems associated with the distribution of KI 24 (e.g., shelf life of the drug), and the increasing evidence 25 that following an accident at a nuclear facility, nacent iodine l
1 would be very chemically reactive in a moist environment and 2 would likely plate out and not be released to the atmosphere, 3 in my view it is not necessary or prudent to distribute KI to 4 the general public. However, for individuals at greater risk, 5 e.g., emergency workers and institutionalized individuals who 6 are not evacuated, selected distribution of KI is advisable.
7 In conclusion, the Missouri State policy on the distribu-8 tion of KI represents a sound approach and conforms to the 9 national medical and scientific consensus.
ATTACHMENT 1 CURRICUI&f VITAE ROGER E. LIN L M , M.D.
Vice chairman d ati m Management Corporation I
ROGER E. LINND(ANN, M.D.
Vica . Ch= 4 =^n Radiation Management Corporation 3508 Market Street University City Science Center Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215)243-2950 EDUCATION University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; B.A. (Cum Laude) 1952 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; B.S., M.D. 1956 Walter Reed Army Hospital, Washington, D.C.; INTERNSHIP 1956-1957 Walter Reed Army Hospital, Washington, D.C.; RESIDENCY (Radiology) 1962-1965 Certified by American Board of' Radiology 1964 Certified by American Bcard of Nuclear Medicine 1972 Licensed to practice Medicine in 1) Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; 2) Illinois; and 3) Minnesota Sandia Base, New Mexico; Nuclear Weapons Orientation Course 1961 Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; Medical Aspects of Nuclear Warfare 1962 US Department of Agriculture Graduate School (Evening) , Washington, D.C.
Russian Language 1963-1965 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1981-present Vice N 4 ==n and Chief Medical Officer, Radiation Management Corporation 1969-1981 President / Chief Executive'Cfficer, Radiation Management Corporation 1974-present Clinical Associate Professor of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine 1977-present Visiting Associate Professor, Clinical Radiology, Northwestern University Medical School 1969-1974 Assistant Professor, Clinical Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine 1968-1969 Nuclear Medicine Consultant, Philadelphia Electric Cczapany
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE (Continued)
Jan-Aug 1968 Assistant Professor, Radiology, thiversity of Minnesota I i School of Medicine (investigated use of isotopes in kidney function evaluation) 1957-1968 Engloyed by thited States Army .....
1965-1968: ce==nanding Officer, Nuclear Medicine Research Detachment, ,
Europe; Radiological Health Consultant, US Army-Europe.
l (responsible for plans, procedures' and training of military hospitals and personnel in the evaluation, evacuation and treatment of radiation casualties. In January, 1966 sent j to Palomaris, Spain for evaluation of medical and environmental j aspects of the mid-air collision involving nuclear weapons) i 1961-1962 Research Associate, Department of Radiobiology, Walter Reed I Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. (investigated use of anti-radiation drugs in treatment of cancer) t 1957-1961: General Medical Officer, Europe Languages: German, Russian l
PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS 1982-present American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs Subccumittee on the Management of Radiation Accident Victims
- 1979-present Health Physics Society Standards r=enittee l
1978-present General Dynamics Electric Boat Division Radiological Health Consultant 1978-pres ent Edison Electric Institute Utility Radiation Standards Group 1973-present University of Pennsylvania Radiation Safety Consnittee 1973-present The Atcenic Industrial Forum, Inc. Public Affairs & Information Consnittee .
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l 1970-present g American Nuclear Society Subccennittee for Writing Emergency
! Procedures Standards 1969 & 1975 Atomic Energy Cannission ad hoc Ccamittee on Medical Aspects of Radiation Accidents 1966-present American College of Radiology ......
1969-present Qassaission on Radiologic Units, Standards -and Protection 1969-present Ceaunittee on Radiation Exposure of Women Cosmiittee on Radiological Aspects of Disaster Planning 1969-present 1967-1978 International Affairs Cceanittee 1965-1968 U.S. Delegate g NATO Radiation Protection Comunittee & Medical Aspects of Nuclear Warfare Cossaittee
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l PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS (Centinued) 1971-present Department of Defense & Environmental Protection Agency Medical Liaison Officer's Network (MLON)-State of l Pennsylvania Representative PRCFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS American College of Radiology American Public Health Association American Medical Association Society of Nuclear Medicine Philadelphia Roentgen Ray Society Pennsylvania Medical Society College of Physicians of Philadelphia Radiological Society of North America, Inc.
American Institute of Physicists /Agerican Association of Physicists in Medicine American College of Nuclear Physicians American Council on Germany Union League of Philadelphia AWARDS & HONORS 1978 Association g Medicine & Security, Madrid, Spain (Honorary Member) 1968 University g Minnesota Radiological Research Scholar (National Research Council) 1968 United States Army Legion of Merit PRESENTATIONS 1980 Korea Women's Association (Seoul, Korea) presented paper, " Energy: The Basis for Health in Developing and Developed Countries", at International Symposium on the Expulsion of Environmental Pollution ,
1980 Korean Association for Radiation Protection (Seoul, Korea) presented seminar on emergency management of radiation injuries 1980 Ministry of Health (Madrid, Spain) presented paper, " Definitive Treatment of Radiation Injuries",
at First Seminar on Assistance to Those Wounded by Radioactive Elements and Ionizing Radiations l
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PRESENTATIONS (Continu:d) l Reinisch-Westfalisches Elekrizitatswerk (Essen, Germany) 1979 presented paper, " Energy:
The Basis for Health in Developing and Developed Countries", at The Seventh Energy Workshop The Swedish State Power Board (Vallingby, Sweden) 1978 presented seminar, " Management and Treatment of Radiation Injuries", and conducted radiation emergency medical exercise at the Ringhauls Nuclear Power Plant 1978 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Wiederaufarbeitung (Hannover, Germany) appeared before the Prime Minister and Parliament of Lower Saxony as an International expert to testify on the safety of a reprocessing plant at Gorleben, Germany 1978 International Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna, Austria) presentation at Symposium on Late Effects of Ionizing Radiation 1978 Associacion g Medicina 1 Seguridad en el Trabajo g Unesa para la Industria Electrica (Madr H , Spain) presented one-day seminar entitled, " Primary Management of Radiation Injurf" 1977 International Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna, Austria) presented paper, " Emergency Medical Assistance Programs for Nuclear Power Reactors", at Symposium on Handling of Radiation Accidents 1967 University g Freiburg Institute of Radiobiology (Freiburg, Germany) presented seminar on diagnosis and treatment of radiation injuries O
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PUBLICATIOE
- 1. r irmamnn, Rx;er E. "Be.rlin: 'Ihe Young-Old City". Senior Citizen (Septaber 1961)
- 2. Linnsrann, Ibger E. "%is Way to Berlin". We Arerican Benedictine Beview:14, No. 4 (Da<,ar+a_r 1963)
- 3. Linnemann, Ibger E. "%e Acute Radiaticn Syndznae and its Inpact an the clain of Evacuaticn". Medical Bulletin, U.S. g Euroce:22,2 No. 12 (nnemhar 1965)
- 4. T irms==nn, Ibger E. and Ibbert T. Wan<fs.mm. "Maair al Stgsy.u.L of Nuclear Weapcns Accidents". Mad 4< n1 Bulletin, U.S. Arm / Euroce (November 1967)
- 5. Linnemann, Roger E. and O. Messerschmidt. "Erholungsvorgaenge bei Groestieren nach Gan::koerperbestra}:lto:g", : den 6, JMd vcn der vereinigung Duetscher Strahlenschu+marzte (1968)
- 6. Linnemann, Roger E. "Ccmnand Radiation Guidance". Military Medicine: 33, pp. 771-716 (Septatter 1968)
- 7. Irken, Merle K. , Linnsnann, Roger E. and George S. Kush. " Evaluation of Benal Functicn Using a ScinH11aticn Camera and CcInputer". I<adiolocy: M, No. 1, pp. 85-94 (July 1969)
- 8. Linnemann, Ibger E. , Icken, Merle K. and Colin fiarkland. "Ccrouterized Ccrtpartnental Ren%m to Study Kidney Function". Journal of Urology: -
103, pp. 533-537 (May 1970)
- 9. Linnemann, Ibser E. and J.W. Miessen. "Pegional Approach to the Managment of Padi n+ 4 rvi Ar e-4 dants" . Journal of the American Public Health Associaticn:
6_l, No. 6, pp. 1229-1235 (June 1971T'
- 10. Linnsnann, Boger E. and Ibbert H. Holmes. "Niv 1 par Accidents and heir Management". Dnergency_ MaA4<-n1 Care, pp. 281-292, Spitzer, Stanley and Wilbur W. Oaks (eds.) New York: Brune and Stratton, Inc. (1971)
- 11. Linnemann, Pager E. , Rastrussen, N.C. and F.K. Pittman. Nuclear Enercy:
Issues and Answers. Atcmic Industrial Forun, Inc. in mma_ratlan with Pennsylvania Power & Light Cdtpany (April 1973)
- 12. Linnemann, Ibger E. "Ac ntuate the Positive". Trial: 10, Ib. 4, p. 13 -
(July / August 1974)
- 13. Linnemann, Ibger E. " Accentuate the Positive". Ccngressional Record: 109, pp. 4964-4967. Washington, D.C." Chited States of America PrMings and Debates of the 93rd Congress, Secx:nd Sessicn (July 23, 1974)
- 14. Linnemann, Ibger E. and J.W. Miessen. Editorial, "In Defense of Radiaticn and calla". B e New York Times (May 23, 1974)
(CcneintM)
- Ibger E. Linnemann - Ptblications I I
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- 15. Linc-. sui, Ibger E. N P l a=" Radiation and Health. Springville, NY
!M-la=* Fuel Services, Inc. (Sepes=*=r 23, 1974)
- 16. T.i-g
- - ui, Ibger E. Editorial, "In Defense of Nuclear Power Plants", ;
2e Wi1=dalr*1ia Inquirer, p. llA (Mards 6,1975) !
- 17. Lirr-iwni, Ibger E. "M-laar Pcuer Plants Pese Minimal Health Risks",
Fr .#dve. News Bureau of the University of Pemsylvania, Phi 1=dair411a, l PA (February 1975) f 18. Lirr 6-ni, Ibger E. " Medical Aspects of Power Generation". Inpulse.
Massachusetts: Eler trical Council of New England (June 1975)
- 19. Lirr-cwni, Roger E. " Bugs in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle". Spectrtzn, p. 59, Gadi Kaplan (ed.) Piscat m ay, N.T: 2e Institute of Electrir-=1 and Electrcutic Engineers, Inc. (Septsober 1975)
- 20. Linnemann,. Ibger E. and Fred A. Mettler, Jr. "Dnergency Madimi Assistance
' Internaticmal Atcmic Energy Agency Ps % - for Nuclear Power Reactors".
Synpositzn on the Handling of Radiation Amidants, IAEA-%215/22, Vienna Austria (1977)
- 21. Linnenann, Ibger E. "Miy AIARA?" Transactions of 1979 American Nuclear l,
Society Conference, Atlanta, GA (June 3-7,1979) , Vol. 32, DNS AO 32 1 832 -
ISSN 0003-018x (1979) -
- 22. Linnenann, Ibger E., Hackbarth, C.J. and Ray Crandall. "B e Contaminated and Injured Patient". Proewwiings of 'Nenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society, July 9-13,1979 (Wiladalr*11a, PA)
- 23. Lirr-cumui, Ibger E. "2 e B ree Mile Island Incident in 1979: % e Utility Respcmse". Me Medical Basis for Radiation Accident Preparedness, K.F. Hubner and S.A. Fry (eds.), Elsevier/ North-Holland, pp. 501-509 (1980)
- 24. Ihi-idui, Ibger E. " Initial Management of Radiation Injuries". Journal of Radiation Protection, 5_, No. 1, pp, 11-25 (nne= ter 1980)
! 25. Linr i.mn, E. "Fdcilities for Handling the Cantaminated Patient".
Radiation dent Preparedness: Madif m1 and Mapa'= rial Aspects, Science-Bru-Media Ccmpany: Naw York (1980)
- 26. Liir-iemi, Ibger E. "A Systems Approach to'the Initi h Management of Radiatial Injuries". Systans Approach to_ Bnergency Medical Care, Appleton-Century-Crofts: New York (1980)
- 27. Lini .i, Roger E., Stephen M. Kim and Frazier L. Bronscrl. "2 ree Mile Island: 14=d_i r =1- and Public Health Awi of a Fadim+iew1 Amidant".
Journal of Radiaticn Fsvi.i.ci.icn, 6,, No.1, pp. 45-52 (Och :-. 1981)
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l PRTESSIC2GL ESFDOE t
l j in progress Urtica Electric Omporty L.m.p.cy Plami-g/L4-=4ng havings for c=11==y Nuclear Power Plant .
t in progress Img Island Lighting cm n .,y Planning *=vir= for j
the Shoreben mel=r Power Statism Texas Utilities hating %if Bnergency Planning hvings in progress l for the Ozanche Peak Steen Electric Statism in progress Pennsylvania Power & Light W Susquehanna Steam Electric l
( cp 6;.ing License Hearings .
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! in progress F1Mdm Power & Light C. --- ry TLarkey Point Stamm Generator Repair Hearings l
in progress John Bansk v. Pennsylvania Power G pTy g al. (199 of 1977 li Bninent Dcmain 1
Southern c=14 *e4a M4 == Ccupany &=u.pcf Planning Hearings 1981 l for the San Onofre Pelaar Generating Staticn 1979 Gorleben Belaar Fuels Reptr===4ng Plant Hearings before t.%
1 Prizna Minister and Parliament of Icwor Saxony, Hanover, Gerneny 1979 Fira 4dm Power & Light C -;-sy Turkey Point Nuclear Staticn l Operating License Hearings 4
s 1971 Img Island Lighting Wry Shoreham Mel=" Power Staticn Operating License "- e4r-p -
1970 aaltimore Gas & Electric 0:npany Calvert eliM= Nuclear Power Plant Operating License "- ei ;r 1970 Northeast Utilities Service C-- ,--ny Millstone Nuclear Power Station Operating License Hearings l
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