ML18139B015

Onsite Toxic Chemical Release Analysis

ML18139B015
Person / Time
Site:	Surry
Issue date:	01/13/1981
From:	Jubach R, Schmidt E, Toth K NUS CORP.
To:
Shared Package
ML18139B014	List: ML18139B013 ML18139B015
References
NUS-3735, NUS-3735-V01, NUS-3735-V1, NUDOCS 8101220357
Download: ML18139B015 (17)

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NUS-3735 Vol. I SURRY ONSITE TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE ANALYSIS Prepared For VIRGINIA ELECTRIC AND POWER COMPANY By K. J. Toth S. J. Nathan R. J. Jubach R. H. Werth Approved by Schmidt-, Manager Systems Analysis January 13, 1981 NUS Corporation 4 Research Place Rockville, Maryland 20850

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I Section LIST OF LIST OF 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS and Title Page No.

TABLES iii FIGURES iii INTRODUCTION AND

SUMMARY

l METHOD OF ANALYSIS 4

RESULTS 11 REFERENCES 14 ii NUS CORPORATION

Table No.

1-1 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 Figure No.

1-1 LIST OF TABLES Title Page No.

Surry Onsite Chemicals 2

Nomenclature 9

~arameters for Atmospheric Dispersion 10 Evaporation Rates 12 Peak Concentration of Chemicals in 13 Control Room LIST OF FIGURES Title Plot Plan Surry 1 & 2, Toxic Chemical Source Locations iii Page No.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

AND

SUMMARY

The chemicals stored onsite at the Surry Nuclear Power Station and their storage locations are shown in Figure 1-1.

Chemicals classified as potentially hazardous are: morpho-line, dimethylamine, acetone, cyclohexylamine, sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide, carbon dioxide, diesel fuel, chlorine and hydrazine.

An anaysis of the consequences of releasing the contents *of a single container of these chemicals was per-formed.

The analysis considered the release of the chemical, its atmospheric dispersion and subsequent buildup in the control room air.

The quantities of each chemical considered, the toxicity limit and the estimated cloud cente~ concentra-tion at the control room air intake are listed in Table 1-1.

It can be observed from this table, that morpholine, acetone, cyclohexylamine, sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide and diesel fuel present no hazard to control room personnel.

Since the cloud center concentration for dimethylamine, carbon dioxide, chlorine and hydrazine exceed their toxicity limits, the build up in the control *room was determined.

The results of this analysis revealed that th.e control :i::oorn concentration also exceeds the toxicity limit.

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TABLE 1-1 SURRY ONSITE CHEMICALS Chemical Quantity Toxicity Cloud Center Spilled Limit Concentration (mg/m3 )

(mg/m3 )

Morpholine 55 gal 105a 1

Acetone 55 gal 4800b 27 Cyclohexylamine 55 gal 40a 1

Sulfuric Acid 8,000 gal 2b 0.004 Ammonium Hydroxide 3,000 gal 70b 3.8 Carbon Dioxide 17 tons 18000b

1. 8x10 6 Diesel Fuel 210,000 gal 135?a 50 Chlorine 64 lbs 45b lxl0 5 Hydrazine 55 gal 0.3a 21 Dimethylamine 135 lbs 28a

1. 9xlo 6 a) Short Term Exposure Limit from ACGIH, Reference 1.

b)' From Table C-1 of R.G. 1.78, Reference 2.

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Chemical Dirnethylamine, Argon, Helium, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Acetylene, Breathing Air, Specialty Gas Mixes:

Morpholine, Anhydrous Hydazine Acetone, Sodium Hypochloride,

~yclohexylamine:

Hydrogen Bank Sulfuric Acid Ammonium Hydroxide Hydrazene Carbon* Dioxide Sulfuric Acid Diesel Fuel Chlorine Hydrazine Ammonium Hydroxide Meters From Air Intake 38 58 84 125 130 114 48 40 122 144 450 Location A) Outside NNW of Intake East of S~curity Building B) Outside NNW of Intake East of Security Building C) Outside W of Intake, SW of Condensate Storage Tanks D) Room Within Condensate Polishing Building, Berm Within Room, 2 (Self-Closing) Doors Between Emergency Intake.

173 m From Condensate Polishing Building HVAC Exhaust Stack to* Normal Intake E) Room Within Condensate Polishing Building, 2 (Self-Closing) Doors Between Emergency Intake.

189 rn From Ammonium Room Exhaust Stack to Normal Intake F) Condensate Polishing Building, 1 (Self-Closing) Door Between Emergency Intake

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G) Outside Adjacent to Double Doors S.outh Side of Turbine Building H) Inside Turbine Building Across From Emergency Intake I) Outside Separate Tank 60'x60'x9'*

Dike J) Inside Sewerage Treatment Building - Off Plot K) Inside-warehouse Building - Off Plot FIGURE 1-1 PLOT PLAN SURRY 1 & 2 TOXIC CHEMICAL SOURCE LOCATIONS 3

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I 2.0 METHOD OF ANALYSIS The release and subsequent atmospheric dispersion of dimethy-lamine, chlorine and carbon dioxide were calculated assuming an instantaneous puff release of the total amount stored.

The release and subsequent dispersion of ammonium hydroxide is calculated for boiling from a

pool of liquid formed by spillage of the total amount in storage.

An evaporation model was chosen for all other chemicals since their boiling points are well above ambient temperatures, and they have moderate vapor pressures at ambient conditions.

2.1 Release to Atmosphere The rate at which material is released to the atmosphere is dependent on the size of the popl of liquid formed, the physical character is tics of the material, and the meteoro-

• logical conditions at the time of the spill.

The release of materials which have a boiling point greater than the ambient temperature will be limited by mass transfer considerations.

Those materials with boiling points at or below the ambient temperature will have their release rate governed by heat transfer considerations.

A brief description of the models used is given below.

These models are based on the concepts presented by Bird, Stewart and Lightfoot( 3 ) for mass transfer limited models, and by Krieth( 4 ) for heat transfer limited models.

.The size of pool of liquid formed by the spill is estimated by assuming a square shaped pool with a minimum depth of one centimeter.

The lateral extent of the pool is limited by the topography when berms or other size restrictions exist.

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I The evaporation rates for liquids with boiling points above the ambient temperature were calculated as:

or

/Tln (~

+1)

J ~.

P Pa w =MAD 213 (2.305 u o.aL- 0

• 2-12800/L) a a

ab

( 2-1)

(2-2) ln (~ +l)

P-P a Equation. 2-1 is applicable to laminar flow regimes (Re< 5x10 5) while equation 2-2 is applicable to turbulent flow regimes.

The symbols used in these equations are defined in Table 2-1 (Nomenclature)

• The rate of vaporization of materials with boiling points at or below the ambient temperature is:

w = 126 M/G a

( 2-3) e =

[-b+ /b2+4ac r 2a

( 2-4) a = ha (Ta-To) +365

( 2-5)

( 2-6)

(2-7) 5 NUS CORPORATION

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I The film coefficient is given by

.or ha = 0.279 /Re /L n = 0.0151 (ReO.S -23200) /L a

(2-8)

(2-9)

Equation 2-8 is applicable to laminar flows, while equation 2-9 is for turbulent flow.

2.2 Atmospheric Dispersion An atmospheric dispersion analysis was performed for the control room habitability assessment for onsi te releases of toxic chemicals at the Surry Nuclear Power Plant.

The nature of these releases (i.e., near the reactor buildings complex and very short distances to the intakes) necessitated a more detailed and substantially different type of analysis than past evaluations concerning toxic chemicals.

The analysis and assumptions, which provide a conservative assessment, are out-lined below.

Continuous*Releases For those releases which occur in or near the building complex, x/Q values were calculated utilizing the results of recent analyses of diffusion tests near buildings( 5).

Onsite Surry meteorological data for the period 3/3/74 -

3/2/75 was evaluated to determine a

representatively conservative meteorological condition (approximately worst 5% conditions) in order to provide the wind speed, cr and cr values needed.

y z

Because conditions of Pasquill Class G atmospheric stability and windspeeds less than 1.3 m/s (3 mph) occur nearly 10% of 6

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I the time at Surry, a meteorological condition of G and 0.5 m/s

{1.1 mph} was selected for use in this analysis.

The para-meters used in the analysis are listed in Table 2-2.

Instantaneous Releases Three locations were identified as having the potential for instantaneous or puff releases.

The carbon dioxide and dimethylamine releases are within the building complex and therefore the selection of an adequate dispersion model for a puff release becomes very complicated.

In order to conserva-tively assess releases from this location, cr

, cr

, and cr are x

y z

taken as being zero.

The initial puff size, crI' is calculated based on release characteristics as per Regulatory Guide 1.78.

In essence, the building influences and the short distance

{ 44m} render cr

, cr

, and cr meaningless.

The wind speed XI Yr ZI utilized is O. 5 m/s.

It is assumed that the puff will not diffuse as it moves downwind.

The release location for chlorine is away from any building influences and is evaluated assuming G atmospheric stability

{crx

= 3.8 m, cr

= 2.0 m} and 0.5 m/s wind speed, cr I is cal-

,y z

culated based on the particular release characteristics, using the formulations and data of R.G. 1.78.

2.3 Concentration Buildup in Control Room The differential equation governing the concentration in the control room is:

{2-10}

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after rearranging terms:

c =

R (see Table 2-1 for description of terms)

( 2-11)

This equation is solved numerically using a

Runge-Kutta procedure derived by Gill (G) 8 NUS CORPORATION

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TABLE 2-1 NOMENCLATURE Area of spill (cm2 or ft 2)

Binary diffusivity of species a

into species b (cm2 /s)

Film coefficient for heat transfer from air (Btu/hr-f t 2-F)

Latent heat of vaporization of liquid (Btu/lbm)

Characteristic length of spill (cm)

Mass of liquid spilled (lbm)

Molecular Weight of Material spilled (g/g-mole)

Atmospheric pressure (torr)

Vapor Pressure of material spilled (torr)

Reynolds number = u L/Y Ambient Air Temperature (F)

Initial tem~eratUre of concrete roadway (F)

Boiling point of material spilled (F)

Wind speed (cm/s)

Evapo~ation rate or boiling rate (mg/s)

Kinematic viscosity of air (cm2/s)

Time required to completely vaporize the liquid (hr)

Concentration of chemical in air (mg/m3 )

Control room air intake rate (cfm)

Control room volume (cu ft)

Concentration of chemical in control room air (mg/m3 )

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I TABLE 2-2 PARAMETERS FOR ATMOSPHERIC DISPE.RIONS Meters From Release*

Release Point

( sec/M3 )

Location To The Intake x/Q**

B 58 1 x 10-3 E

189 8 x 10-5 I

122 3 x 10-4 D

173 1 x 10-4 H

40 2 x 10-3 K

457***

1.12 x 10-2 NOTES:

See Figure 1-1 for release locations.

X/Q values were obtained from Figure 7 of Reference 1.

X/Q values for other locations utilize tests discussed in NUREG/CR-1394 which were done near buildings.

Hence, these values include building wake and some meander credit.

At Location K, large buildings are not present and assuming G conditions and no meander, X/Q is calculated* using the continuous models of Reference 7 as:

X/Q =

1 1Tcr cr u y

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3.0 RESULTS The rate of evaporation of the six chemicals whose boiling points are above the ambient temperature are evaluated based on the models described in Section 2.1.

The resultant evapor-ation rates at a wind speed of 0.5 m/sec are listed in Table 3-1 along with the parameters used in their determin-ation.

For ammonium hydroxide, the boiling point boiling model described in Section 2.1 is is 86°F, and the used.

The para-meters used for this evaluation are air and concrete temper-ature l00°F, heat of vaporization 774 Btu/lbm, spill area 774 ft 2.

The resulting boiling rate is 4. 8xl0 4 mg/sec at 0.5 m/sec wind speed.

For chlorine and carbon dioxide instantaneous puff releases of the entire contents of one container are assumed.

The control room parameters used are 70, 000 cubic foot. volume, normal intake and exhaust rate =

1820 cfm including leakage.

Emergency intake and exhaust rate = 1000 cfm.

No credit was taken for the effects of filters.

The resulting peak concentration in the control room, and the time required to reach the toxicity limit are listed in Table 3-2.

The column labeled t 1 in Table 3-2 represents the amount of warning that control room personnel would have if leak detectors were present at the chemical storage location. This time includes the time required for the vapor cloud to drift to the air intake and then to build up to the toxicity limit in the control room.

The column labeled t 2 represents the amount of warning available if detectors which can sense the specific chemical at its toxicity limit are placed at the air intake.

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N TABLE 3-1 EVAPORATION RATES Chemical Q

Dab M

p a

a Morpholine 55 0.2 87.12 10.0 Acetone 55 0.134 58.1 400 Cyclohexylamine 55 0.2 99.17 10 Sulfuric Acid 8,000 0.1038 98.08 0.005 Hydrazine 55 0.2 32.05

51. 3 Diesel Fuel 210,000 0.09 170.3 155 NOTES:

=

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quantity of chemical spilled (gallons) diffusivity of chemical in air (cm 2/sec) molecular weight of chemical (grams/gram-mole) vapor pressure of chemical (torr) spill area evaporation rate (mg/sec)

A w a 2.2xl0 2

9. 43x10 2*

2.2xl0 2 2.72xl04 2.2xl0 2 l.07xl0 3 3.3xl04 4.34xl01 2.2xl0 2 l.83xl0 3 3.6xlo3

1. 73xl0 5

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I TABLE 3-2 PEAK CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICALS IN CONTROL ROOM Chemical TL CR tl t2 Morpholine 105 9.4xl0-l Acetone 4,800 2.7xl01 Cyclohexylamine 40 1.1 Sulfuric Acid 2

4.3xl0- 3 Hydrazine 0.3 2.lxl01 946 36 Diesel Fuel 1,355 5.2xl01 Ammonium Hydroxide 70

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Carbon Dioxide

1. 8xl0 4 3.9xl0 4 159 61 Carbon Dioxide

1. 8xlo 4 2.2xl0 4 (E) 180(E) 82(E)

Chlorine 45 8.9xl0 2 280 17 Dimethylamine 28 6.5xl0 3 68 T'

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NOTES:

TL

=

Toxicity limit (mg/m3 ) See Table 1-1 for sources of data

=

=

=

E

=

peak concentration in control room (mg/m3) time from spill until TL is reached in control room air (seconds),

• indicates TL not reached time from _reaching TL at intake to reaching TL in control room emergency air intake 13 NUS CORPORATION

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4.0 REFERENCES

1.

"Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physican Agents in the Workroom Environment," American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinatti, Ohio (1979).

2.

"Assumptions for Evaluating the Habitability of a Nuclear Power Plant Control Room During a Postulated Hazardous Chemical Release," Regulatory Guide 1.78 (June 1974).

3.

Bird, R.

B.,

Stewart, W.

E.,

and Lightfoot, E. N.,

Transport Phenomena, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1942).

4.

Krieth, F., Principles of Heat Transfer, Second ed.,

International Textbook Company, Scranton (1965).

5.

Sagendorf, J. F., "Diffusion Near Buildings as Determined from Atmospheric Tracer Experiments,"

NUREG/CR-1394 (April 1980).

6.

Romanelli, M. J., "Runge-Kutta Methods for the Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations," pgs. 110-120 in Numerical Methods for Digital Computers, Vol. 1, Ralston, A.

and Wilf, H. S., eds, Wiley (New York) 1967.

7.

Slade, D. H., "Meteorology and Atomic Energy," TID-24190 (1968).

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