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UNITED STATES g, j,g NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
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E WASWNGTON, C. C. 20555 Q*.
p March 4, 1985 Docket No. 50-424 MEMORANDUM FOR:
Thomas M. Novak, Assistant Director for Licensing Division of Licensing FROM:
William V. Johnston, Assistant Director Materials, Chemical & Environmental Technology Division of Engineering
SUBJECT:
V0GTLE SER INPUT Plant Naaie: Vogtle Electric Generating Plant Unit #1 Licensing Stage: OL Licensing Branch:
LB #4, Melanie Miller, LPM SAB Reviewer: Al Brauner Requested Completion Date: April 1, 1985 R'eview Status: Complete The Site Analysis Branch has reviewed the edited version of the draft SER
.s for Vogtle units 1 and 2.
In our review of Sections 2.1 and 2.2 we found several editorial changes that should be rectified.
Attached is a marked-up copy of the DSER (Sec. 2.1 & 2.2) and a list of connects explaining the changes.
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William V. Johnston, Assistant Director Materials, Chemical & Environmental Technology Division of Engineering
Enclosures:
As stated cc: N hb N
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6 COMMENTS ON V0GTLE DSER Since Table 2.1 " RESIDENT POPULATION vs DISTANCE" has been moved from Section 2.1.3(Pg.2-3)totheendofSection2(Pg.2-66)inthedraftSERdated October 3,1984, it should be referred to as " Table 2.1" rather than "the table below".
Sections 2.1 and 2.2 should be consistent. The "Vogtle Electric Generating Plant", as stated in Section 2.1, should be referred to in the same way in Section 2.2.
Or, conversely, Section 2.1 should refer to it as "Vogtle", as s
stated in Section 2.2.
Similarly, the statement " reviewed in accordance with certain Sections of NUREG-0800, ' Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants', July 1981 (SRP)", in Section 2.1, sliculd be the same in Section 2.2.
In other words Section 2.1, should read like Section 2.2 where appropriate. We also recommend that both of these sectinns should be consistent with other parts of the SER.
0 The last sentence on page 2-7 (Section 2.2.2) should be changed to read 9X10 instead of 9X106.
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Throughout Section 2 of this draft the Savannah River Plant is referred to as the " Savannah River Plant", except on page 2-8 where it is referred to as
" Savannah". Because " Savannah" has many different connotations it should not be used. And, since "SRP", the acceptable acronym for the Savannah River Plant may be confused with the " Standard Review Plan" it is suggested that Savannah River Plant be spelled out in all instances.
The discussion pertaining to the location of chlorine, mentioned on page 2-8, has been misinterpreted and should be changed back to its original meaning as follows: There is a 34-ton chlorine storage facility at the Savannah River Plant that is located about 3-mi from the Vogtle plant. There are 48 one-ton cylindcrs.and two 150-lb cylinders of chlorine at the Vogtle site.
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E 2 SITE-CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 Geoaraphy and Demooraphy r#
1 The geography and demography of Vogtle Electric Generating Plant were reviewed 4
in accordance with Sections 2.1.1, 2.1.2, and 2.1.3 of NUREG-0800, " Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants,"
July 1981 (SRP).
The results of this review are presented below.
2.1.1 Site Location and Description The site for the Vogtle plant, which is a proposed two-unit plant, consists of 3,169 acres of land located on the west bank of the Savannah River, at River Mile 151, in the eastern part of Burke County in the state of Georgia. The exclusion area, which is designated by the plant's property line, and the m
plant layout are shown in Figure 2.1.
The Vogtle low population zone and the area within 5 mi (8 km) of the site are shown in Figure 2.2.
A map of the area in the general vicinity (25 mi) of the site is shown in Figure 2.3. This map shows some of the towns and transportation routes in the area as well as the location of the Vogtle site in relation to the Savannah River Plant on the opposite side of the river. The 1970 Bureau of the Census statistics for the most populated areas within 100 mi of the site are shown in Figure 2.4 As can be seen in Figure 2.1, the Unit 1 and Unit 2 reactors are located about 1,097 m (3,600 ft) and 1,189 m (3,900 ft), respectively, west of the river.
The site is about 24 km (15 mi) east-northeast of Waynesboro, Georgia, and about 41.5 km (26 mi) south-southeast of Augusta, Georgia. Augusta is the largest populated area near Vogtle.
Except for some limited activity on the river and the restricted activity associated with the Savannah River Plant located on the east side of the river in Barnwell County, South Carolina, there is very little other activity within the 5-mi area surrounding the site.
About 30% of this area is gently rolling farmland.
Most of the remaining land within 5 mi, 10/27/84 2-1 VCGTLE DSE3 $2C 2 N
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particularly west of the river, is wooded.
The cocrdinates of the Vogtle site are 33* 08' 29" north latitude and 81* 45' 45" west longitude.
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates are 3,667,028.6 m north and 428,881.8 m east, in zone 17.
2.1.2 Exclusion Area Authority and Control The exclusion area for the Vogtle site is defined as an irregularly shaped area which conforms to the site's boundary lines.
The minimum distance to the exclusion area boundary is 1,097 m (3,600 ft) measured from the center of the' Unit I containment building.
The applicant owns all'of the surface and niineral rights in the designated exclusion area, and thereby has the authority to determine all activities within the area as required by the Commission's.
regulation, " Reactor Site Criteria," 10 CFR Part 100. The shortest distance from the plant's gaseous effluent release point to the exclusion area boundary is 1,128 m (3,700 ft).
No one resides within the exclusion area and there are no highways, railways, or waterways crossing the area.
The app 1tcant owns and operates Plant Wilson, a combustion turbine plant, that is located in
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the east-southeast portion of the site property.
Aside from Plant Wilson, the only other activities that may occur within the exclusion area that are unrelated to plant operations are those associated with persons in and around the Visitors Center, and those connected with the operation of the Vogtle simulator.
It should be noted that during Unit 1 operation there will be onsite construction activities associated with Unit 2 until its completion.
Approximately 15 of the applicant's employees work at Plant Wilson.
- Also, 8 staff members and approximately 40 trainees are at the simulator.
Because of the remoteness of the site, only a few persons are expected at the Visitors
.Conter occasionally.
The appifcant has made arrangements to control and, if necessary, evacuate the exclusion area in the event of an emergency.
Section 13.3 of this SER has more details about these arrangements.
The staff concludes, by virtue of ownership of the land and contro1~of the mineral rights within the exclusion area, and on the basis that suitable a'rrangements have been made to control all activity unrelated to plant opera-tions, that the applicant has the authority to determine all activity within
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the exclusion area as required by 10 CFR Part 100.
The staff further concludes that the activities unrelated to plant operation within the exclusion area will not interfere with normal plant operations.
2.1.3 Population Distribution TheresidentpopulationinthevicigityoftheVogtlesiteisshownasa functionofdistancein-%etableE:ir.
The year 2030 is the nearest census nidir year to the end of plant life.
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?E sed 1 N *, The closest resident lives about 1.9 km (1.2 mi) from the reactor building.
The nearest communities in the vicinity of the site with a population of more than 1,000 persons are Sardis, Georgia, 20.8 km(13 mi) south, and Waynesboro, Georgia, 24 km (15 mi) west-southwest, with populations of 1,179 and 5,760, respectively, in 1980.
Girard, Georgia, 12 km (7.5 mi) south-southeast, is the closest residential area and it had a population of only 225 in 1980.
There are no large communities with populations of 5,000 or more persons
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The population within 5 mi in 1980 was 1,085 and within 10 mi it was 2,560.
As indicated in Table 2.1, the population within 5 mi of the s.te by 1990 is expected to drop to about 262 (after Units 1 and 2 become operational) and is expected to almost double during the life of the plant.
The applicant reported that there were 509,222 people living within 80 km (50 mi) of the site in 1980, and they expect this number to increase to 589,111 by 1990.
By the year 2028, the population within 50 mi of Vogtle is projected to reach 903,493.
Augusta, Georgia, located about 41.5 km (26 mi) north-northwest, is the largest populated area around the site and it had a 1980 population of 47,532.
There are no cities larger than Augusta within 50 mi of Vogtle.
Columbia, South Carolina, with a 1980 population of 101,208 is the closest large city, and it is about 120 km (75 mi) away.
The applicant conservatively projects a population growth rate of about 48% during the life of the plant for the area within 50 mi of the sito.
This represents a growth of about 12% per decada for this period.
Ti, 4 staff, using the Bureau of Econcele Analysis (BEA) projections, calculated the population within 50 mi
'of the site and determined that the population will increase about 44% for the same period.
10/27/84 2-3 VCGILE OSER SEC 2
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The applicant has designated a low population zone (LPZ) for the site which is 3
a circular area with a 3.2 km (2 mi) radius measured from the midpoint of the centerline between Units 1 and 2.
Except for the Savannah River, the LPZ consists mostly of wooded areas and a small amount of agricultural land much the same as the rest of the area in the general vicinity around the Vogtle j
plant.
There is very little transient population within the LPZ because of the i
j remoteness of the area.
A limited amount of recreational activity takes place i
i on the river, including fishing and boating.
During the winter season there 1
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is a minimal amount of hunting on the Georgia side of the river, but there are no hunting lodges or camps in the area.
According to the applicant, about 500 people reside within the LPZ and will remain there until construction work at Unit 2 is completed.
By 1990, however, only about 30 people will live in the LPZ; this number is expected to increase to about 65 during the If fe of the r
plant.
There is one church, the Ebenezer Baptist Church, located within the
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LPZ about 2.7 m (1.7 mi) from the site which has a congregation of about 100
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The transient population within a 10-mi radius of the Vogtle site is quite low because of the lack of recreational facilities or industry in the vicinity,
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and because of the restricted nature of the Savannah River Plant which i
occupies almost one-half of the 10-mi area.
The Savannah River Plant employs f
about 6,675 persons.
There are no migrant workers in this area.
Five private i
boat-landing facilities are located within a 10-mi stretch of the river near
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the site.
The applicant estimates that about 231 fishermen use these facil-
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ities during the span of a year.
Surveys conducted by the Georgia Department
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of Natural Resources indicate that Burke County has the lowest hunting yields j
in the state, thus most of the hunting is done outside the 10-mi area, speciff-
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cally in the Georgia counties northwest of the site.
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i There are no prisons, hospitals, nursing or convalescent hemes, day-care j
centers, federal / state parks or forests, beaches, amusement parks, or federal l
highways within 10-mi of the plant.
The Girard Elementary School is the only l
school within 16 km (10 mi) of the site.
It has a staff of 23 and an enroll-
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ment of 200 students, but is expected to close before Unit 1 goes into operatic l
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There are about 24 churches within 10 mi of Vogtle.
The frequency of services at these churches varies considerably, from twice a week to once a month, and services usually occur on Sunday.
The total attendance at all church services combined is about 4,800 per month.
In the 10 mi surrounding the Vogtle site there are about 26 cemeteries or burial grounds.
Some are private family grave-sites or church affiliated cemeteries, and some are open to the public.
About one-third of them are inactive, while the others may be used from once every two years to once a month.
Section 13.3 of this SER provides a discussion of the emergency preparedness pitns for protecting the public in this area.
The nearest densely populated center of about 25,000 or more persons, as defined by 10 CFR Part 100, is Augusta, Georgia, which is about 26 mi north-northwest of the site.
This distance is at least 1-1/3 times the distance to l
the LPZ outer radius, as required by 10 CFR Part 100.
2.1.4 Conclusion
(, -- s This review is based on the 10 CFR Part 100 definitions of the exclusion area, the LPZ, and the population center distance, as well as.the staff's analysis of the onsite meteorological data, from which the relative concentration factors (x/Q) were calculated (see Sectien 2.3 of this SER), and the calcu-lated potential radiological dose consequences of design-basis accidents (see Section 15 of this SER).
The staff has concluded that the exclusion area, 3
LPZ, and population centar dista'nce satisfy the criteria of 10 CFR Part 100 and are acceptable.
1 2.2 Nearby Industrial. Transportation. and Military Facilities I
Insofar as activitie at nearby i dust 5tc drawm wrtransportation, and military tal rar wra Eucr au. w,eam facilitie?s1
.v m s - a t u Vogene wa reviewed in accordance with Sections 2.2.1, 2.2.2 2.2.3, 3. 5.1.5, and 3.5.1. 6 of them4Rk.**srwna u,.r w ra ra una a wlq onfm.V l
The results of the review are g
contained in this section.
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2.2.1 Transportation Routes
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There are no highways, railways, or waterways traversing the Vogtle exclusion River Road, a secondary road which formerly ran in a southeasterly area.
direction through the center of the exclusion area, has been relocated and new runs just inside the western and southern edge of the site. This road is used principally for local traffic.
There are several side roads exiting off River Road that provide access to the plant area, the Visitors Center, the simulator buildir.g and Plant Wilson.
The nearest primary road in the vicinity of the site is Georgia Highway 23 which is located about 4.5 mi south-southwest.
Highway 23 handles commercial traffic and serves as a link for hauling timber and wood products between Augusta and Savannah, Georgia.
The only major roads in the area are U.S. Highways 25 and 301 which are located about 15 mi west and 20 mi southeast of the plant, respectively.
South Carolina Highway 125 runs through the Savannah River Plant, on the opposite side of the river, about 8.8 km (5.5 mi) northeast of Vogtle.
There is essentially no hazardous material transported on River Road, except for that used at the Vogtle site.
Because of the separation distances between the major highways and the site, accidents which may occur on these roads do not pose a threat to the safe operation of the plant.
The closest railway to Vogtle is the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad which runs through and provides service to the Savannah River Plant.
It is located about 7.2 km (4.5 mi) northeast of the site.
Hazardous materials transported on this rafiroad include:
ammonia, carbon dioxide, and sulfuric acid.
The applicant's analysis takes into consideration the frequency of shipments and the fact that there have been no accidents on this line in the vicinity of the plant in more than 10 years.
This provides assurance that the likelihood of an accident affecting the safe operation of the plant is sufficiently low so as to pose Ifttle risk.
In addition, because of the separation distance involved, an accident on this railroad would not pose a significant hazard to the plant.
A raf t spur connected to the Central of Georgia Railway, about 12 mi west of the site, will service the Vogtle site.
10/27/84 2-6 V0GTLE DSER SEC 2
l The Vogtle plant is located about 3,600 ft west of the Savannah River.
The river separaces the site frcm the Savannah River Plant.
In addition to some minor recreational activity, the river is also used for relatively infrequent commercial traffic tetween Augusta and Savannah, Georgia.
There are no locks or dams on the river in the vicinity of the site, and there have been no accidents within a 30 mi stretch of the river near Vogtle in the past 15 years.
Approximately 100 barge tows carry less than 100 tons of cargo past the site annually.
Gasoline and fuel oil comprise about 3% and 90% of the shipments. respectively.
About 7% of the shipments are solid chemicals and less than 0.1% are steel products.
The applicant analyzed the potential hazards to the plant resulting from a transportation accident on the river involving gasoline and fuel oil.
They determined that the risk associated with a potential explosion, considering the frequency of shipment on the river, quantity of material shipped, the previous accident rate, and the potential concentrations necessary to cause ignition and subsequent explosion is lower than 10-7 per year.
The staff evaluated the ant z 'fs and agrees with the applicant's conclusion that the risks associated witi tne postulated explosions do not pose a hazard to the Vogtle plant.
With r.,per.t to thermal I
hazards, the thermal flux from a gasoline or all fire on the river would be less than the peak solar flux (1,000 - 1,200 watts /m2) measured in the United States, which would not affect the safe operation of the plant.
Accidents involving river traffic, with the potential of striking the intake structure or spilling corrosive or other material into the river, will not prevent the safe shutdown of the plant because this system only provides makeup water to the nonsafety-related circulating water system.
2.2.2 Nearby Facilities The closest industrial activity, other than that associated with the con-struction of Unit 2, is in connection with the ope' ration of Plant Wilson, lah is an oil-fired combustion plant operated by the applicant that is located within the exclusion area about 5,000 ft east-southeast of the nuclear plas.t..
The storage capacity of the three fuel storage tanks at Plant Wilson totals V -4rF106-gal *ons.
These tanks are surrounded by an earthen diko so that, in TXI!
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the event of a tank rupture, the tank contents will be contained within the dike.
Because of the distance involved, the potential hazard to the nuclear plant is less from the fuel oil stored at Plant Wilson than from that trans-ported on the river. To protect control room personnel from potential smoke inhalation, the applicant has installed redundant smoke detectors in both the control room and the outside air intakes.
There is some industrially related activity at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant 48s93MIEWlocated on the east bank of the Savannah River.[fSavannahEfacNe gover typq reservation with controlled access.
The closest activity at 5avannah in 3
g relation to the Vogtle site, is the heavy-water extraction and recovery facility located about 4.5 mi from the Vogtle site.
There are several nuclear production M
her4 M and test reactors, and associated support facilities at the Savannag c w /w.
- To The functions of these facilities, in addf tion to extracting heavy water from -
natural water, include: fuel fabrication, dissolution of irradiated material, and the separation of nuclear products from radioactive products.
Because of the distances involved, these facilities do not present a problem to the safe operatijnof Vogtle plant.
There is a 34-ton chlorine storage facility at
& Savannah that is located about 3-mi from the Vogtle plant.
There are also 48 7 one-ton cylinders and two 150-1b cylinders of chlorine on th N site.
These cylinders are located at four different storage areas and nre used for the various water treatment systems.
Redundant chlorine detectors have been installed in the outside air intakes to the control room which will automati-cally isolate the control room in the event of a'i accidental release of chlorine.
Section 6.4 of this SER provides more details on the control room habitability systems.
There are no other industrial facilities nearby and no significant industrial expansion program is planned for the area around the Vogtle plant in the foreseesable future.
There are no pipelines located within 10 af of the Vogt.le plant.
The three closest pipelines, all carrying natural gas and varying in size from 8 in, to 16 in, in diameter, are located about 20 mi from the plant. There are no plans to movs these pfpelines or transport other products in them. On the basis of past reviews of natural gas pipelines, these pfpelines are sufficiently far from the Vogtle plant so that they do not pose a signfficant hazard to the operation of the plant.
No mining or quarry operations and no other hazardous
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gas or Ifquid storage facilities are located within 5 mi of the plant.
10/27/84 2-3 VCGTLE OSEA SEC 2
There are no military bases, bombing ranges, munitions plants, missile installations, or major airports within the general vicinity of the Vogtle plant.
The closest airport, Burke County Airport, is located about 16 mi west-southwest of the site.
Thisairportha$a3,200-ftrunwayandisusedby single-engine aircraft for private use and for crop dusting operations.
About 15,000 flights per year leave from or arrive at thf s airport and no increase in traffic is expected in the near future.
The closest commercial airport is Bush Field which is about 17 mi north-northwest of the site.
It has one 6,000-ft and one 8,000-ft runway, and considering all types of traffic (commer-cial, general, and military), the airport handled about 72,000 flights in 1980.
Some expansion is proposed at Bush Field including a new 10,000-ft runway and a 500-ft extension to the current 8,000-ft runway.
Assuming this expansion is completed as planned, traffic at Bush Field is expected to increase about 60%
by 1990.
There are no low-level stiftary aircraft training routes or federal airways in the airspace around the Vogtle site.
On the basis of separation distances and the nature of these facilities, as well as previous staff reviews of aircraft hazards, the staff concludes that the aircraft activities in the N
vicinity of the site will not affect the safe operation of the Vogtle plant.
2.2.3 Conclusions On the basis of (1) the information provided by the applicant, and (2) the staff's review based upon criteria in 10 CFR Part 50 (Appendix A, GDC 4) and in SRP Section 2.2.3, the staff has determined that the plant is adequately protected and can be operated with an acceptable degree of safety - activities at nearby industrial, transportation, and military facilities' notwf thstanding.
2.3 Meteoroloav Evaluation of regional and local c1fmatological information, including extremes of climate and severs weather occurrences which may affect the design and siting of a nuclear plant, is required to ensure that the plant can be designed and operated within the requirements of Commission regulations.
Information concerning atmospheric diffusion characteristics of a nuclear power plant site is required for a determination that radioactive effluents from postulated l
10/27/84 29 VCGTLE 0$ER SEC 2
accidental releases, as well as routine operational releases, are within Commission guidelines.
Sections 2.3.1 through 2.3.5 have been prepared in accordance with the review procedures described in the Standard Review Plan (NUREG-0800), utilizing information presiented in FSAR Section 2.3, responses to requests for additional information, and generally available reference materials as described in the appropriate sections of the Standard Review Plan (SRP).
2.3.1 Regional Climatology The plant is located in eastern Georgia along the Savannah River, about 26 miles south-southeast of Augusta.
Maritime tropical air masses dominate the region in summer and alternate with continental air masses in winter.
The mean annual temperature in the area is about 17.4*C (63*F), ranging from about 7.8'c (46'F) in December and January to about 26.7'c (80*F) in July.
Annual precipftation in the area is about 1090 mm (43 in.).
r The Vogtle plant is located near a principal track of cyclonic storms that originate along the Gulf Coast and move northeastward along the East Coast, resulting in a variety of severe weather phenomena.
About 77 thunderstorms can be expected on about 56 days each year, being most frequent in June, July, and August.
Considering the frequency of thunderstorms,in the region, the applicant has estimated about 10 lightning strikes per year in the square kilometer area containing the Vogtle plant.
Hail often accompanies severe thunderstorms.
In the period 1955-1967, hall with diameters 19 mm (3/4 in.) or greater was reported six times in the one degree latitude-longitude square containing the site.
Tornadoes also occur in the area.
About 30 tornadoes have occurred within the one degree latitude-longitude square containing the site in the period 1954-1983, resulting in an annual tornado occurrence frequency of 1.1.
The app 1(cant has conservatively computed a recurrence interval for a tornado at the plant site to be about 500 years.
The staff has performed an independent s) 10/27/44 2 10 VCGTLE 05EA SEC 2
N by the Office of Research of the NRC should reduce the uncertainty by better identifying (1) the causal mechanism of the Charleston earthquake and (2) the potential for the occurrence of large earthquakes tihroughout the eastern seaboard. The probabilistic studies, primarily that being conducted for NRC by Lawre'nce Livermore National Laborhtory (LLNL), will take into account existing uncertainties. They will have as their aim to determine differences, if any, betwean the probabilities of seismic ground motion exceeding design i
levels in the eastern seaboard (i.e., as af'fected by the USGS clarified position on the Charleston earthquake) and the probabilities of seismic ground motion I
exceeding design levels elsewhere in the central and eastern United States.
Any plants for which the probabilities of exceeding design level ground motions are significantly higher than those calculated for other plants in the central j
and eastern United States will be identified and evaluated for possible further engineering analysis.
Given the speculative nature of the hflotheses with respect to the recurrence i
of large Charleston-type earthquakes as a result of present limited scientific
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knowledge and the generalized low probability associated with such events, the staff does not see a need for any action for specific sites at this time.
It is the staff's position, as it has been in the past, that facilities should be designed to withstand the recurrence of an earthquake the size of the 1886 earthquake in the vicinity of Charleston, S.C.
At the conclusion of the shorter term probabilistic program and during the icnger term deterministic studies, the staff will be assessing the need for a modified position with respect to specific sites.
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Figure 2.1 Exclusion area / property line and plant layout of Vogtle I
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Table 2.1 Resident population vs. distance from reactor building Year 0-1 mi 0-2 mi 0-3 mi 0-4 mi 0-5 mi 0-10 mi 495 773' 885 1085 2560 1980 1987 517 806 923 1133 2669 1990 27 74 121 262 1830 2030 66 153 235 499 2551 Table 2.2 Remaining safety review items A N Chad 2*# V Review item SER Sections Status (1) Foundation competency of clay marl 2.5.4.1.3, 2.5.4.2, stratum 2.5.4.4.3, 2.5.4.4.6 Open (2) Verification of FSAR commitments on compaction of Category 1 backfill 2.5.4.3 Open (3) Submittal and evaluation of settle-2.5.4.1.3, I" (h.-f at ment records 2.5.4.4, 2.5.4.4.3 Open
.J (4) Foundation design and construction information on radwaste buildings and tunnels 2.5.4.4 Open (5) Locations and description of observed cavities 2.5.4.4.1 Confirmatory (6) Bearing capacity stability 2.5.4.4.2 Open (7)
Long-term groundwater and settle-ment monitoring requirements 2.5.4.4.3, 2.5.4.5 Open (8) Acceptability of variations in soil dynamic properties 2.5.4.4.6 Open (9) Method used to establish dynamic passive pressures 2.5.4.4.4 Confirmatory m
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