ML20085M517
| ML20085M517 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | LaSalle  |
| Issue date: | 11/21/1976 |
| From: | COMMONWEALTH EDISON CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, NUDOCS 9111110090 | |
| Download: ML20085M517 (123) | |
Text
._
f 316(b) DD40NSTF ATION LA SALLE GENERATING STATION MAKEUP WATER INTAKE SYSTDi O
i*
Prepared by COMMONWFJLLTH EDISON COMPANY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS NOVEMBER 21, 1976 o
fy11,1 g 761121 ,
1437 C PDR
L r
i 316(b) DEMONSTFATION !
t LA SAU2 GENERATING STATION '
MAKEUP WATER INTAKE SYSTD(
i 4-Prepared by COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS NOVEMBER 21, 1976 t
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TABLE GF COi'TT."TS Section Title Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 2.0 PLANT INFORMATION 2.1 2.1 Station Background Information 2.1 2.2 Cooling Pond Makeup Intake 2.4
, System 2.2.1 General 2.4 2.2.2 River Pumphouse Inlet 2.4 2.2 3 Ear Racks 2.7 2.2.4 Cooling Pond Makeup Pump House 29 2.2 5 Traveling Screens 2.12 2.2.6 Makeup Pumps 2.16 23 Other River Structures 2.17 30 GENERAL ECOLOGICAL 31 SETTING 31 General Hydrology 31 3.2 Water Quality of the 39 Illinois River 33 Biota of the Illinois 3 15 River 4.0 FISHERY INFORMATION 4.1 4.1 Historical Changes in the 4.1 Fish Population of the Illinois River 4.2 Commeretal Fishing 4.2 4.3 Methods and Materials of the 4.10 Preoperational Monitoring Program 431 Data Collection 4.10 4.32 Data Analysis an6 Interpretation 4.12 4.4 Results and Discussion of 4.14 the Preoperational Monitoring Program 50 INTAKE EFFECTS 51
Section Title g 51 Entrainment 5.1 5 1.1 Method, Analysis and 51 Conculsions 52 ImpinEement 5 23
6.0 CONCLUSION
S 6.1
7.0 REFERENCES
CITED 7.1 i
D o
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The LaSalle County Generating Station is located near Seneca, Illinois on the Illinois River. The station will ul-timately consist of two nuclear powered generating units, each having an 1100 megawatt net capacity. Both units are scheduled to be in service in 1979. The station has been designed with a cooling pond of 205B acres.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit No IL 0048151 was issued for the LaSalle County Generating Station May 21, 1976. This permit requires Common-wealth Edison Company to submit to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Administrator and the Illinois Envi-ronmental Protection Agency a demonstration predicting the
., ability of the intake system for the cooling pond to meet the requirements of Section 316(b) of the Act. This report in sub-mitted in accordance with that requirement.
As required by the NPDES Permit, this report is based on presently available information regarding receiving water hydrology, intake siting and design, proposed intake operation and biological populations. This approach is utilized to allow the Agencies to assess the intake at an early stage.
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j 1.1
2.0 PLANT INFORMATION 2.1 Staticn Background The LaSalle County Station is located in Brookfield i Township, LaSalle County, Illinois. The site is centered at i 41*14'44" north latitude and 88'40'06" west longitude and covers approximately 3060 acres. ~
A plan layout of the site is shown in Figure 2.1. .T.he i LaSalle County site consists of two adjoining parcels of land.
The larger parcel, located about 5 miles south of the Illinois River, is where the station and a 2058 acre cooling pond are located.
The second parcel consists of a corridor leading from the station site to the Illinois River. Routed through this area are the cooling pond make-up and blowdown lines.
The station consists of 2 boiling water reactors each with 9
a rated power output of 1100 MWe. Construction of the station was begun in September, 1973 Commercial operation of the first unit -
is scheduled to begin May, 1979 with startup of the second unit in November 1979 Two G.E. BWR/5 boiling water reactors, each with a rated core thermal power level of 3293 MWt, will supply steam at 985 psia. The turbine-generator unit, also manufactured by G.E.,
consists of a turbine, generator, exciter, controls and required subsystems. The steam turbines operate at 1800 rpm and are direct-drive coupled to the generators. The generators are rated three-( phase, 25,000 volt - 60 Hz and are hydrogen cooled. -
l Waste heat will be dissipated by closed cycle circulation -
through an artificial cooling pond. Condenser cooling water is to be 2.1
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l circulated from the cooling pond at a rate of approximately 1.2 millich gallons per minute.__ Coo 11_ng water in the lake will beTd'iTferted __
by a series of internal dikes that provide an extended flow path and .
4 t assure adequate cooling. Make-up water for the pond will be withdrawn from the Illinois River through an intake flume. A cooling
- _ _ _.._. pond blowdown structure _located -
approximately 200 yards downriver of the . . _ _ _ _ _ _
intake structure will be used to assure cooling pond water quality.
Three 3-stage vertical turbine pumps each with a capacity of ap-proximately 30,000 gpm are ifs ~ed~to provide pond make-up. The phinpa will pump up to 90,000 gpm of river water to the pond through 18,000 feet of 60 inch diameter pipe. NormL1 operation of the station calls for one or two pumps to be used to maintain propor pond levels. During the 9-month filling period, three pumps will be used.
The river screenho2se and blowdown structures are located approximately at river miles 249.5 and 249.36,respectively. Both structures are located on the Marseilles pool of the Illinois River.
Normal elevation of the Marseilles pool is 482.8 feet. The average discharge of the Illinois River over the 55-year period of record is about 10,750 cfs. The maximum and minimum flows recorded at Marseilles, Illinois, are 93,900 efs and 1460 efs, respectively, s
The 7-day 10-year law flow is 3228 cfs.
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2.3
2.2 Cooling Pond Make-up Intake System
. 2.2.1 General Due to evaporation, blowdown, and possibly some seepage, it I is expected that continuous pumping of cooling pond make-up water will be necessary to maintain the cooling pond water level at elevation 700'-0". It is estimated that approximately 49,000 gpm i
of make-up water will continuously be required to replace 19,000 gpm1 of water lost due to evaporation and another 30,000 gpm i of water lost due to pond blowdown.
The cooling pond make-up intake system is shown in Figure 2.2.
The intake system consists of an intake flume channeled into the bottom of the Illinois River and extending approximately 50 feet out from the shoreline. Recessed 24 feet from the shoreline is a 72 foot
.! wide funneled inlet. At the mouth of the inlet, a floating boom made of partially submerged barrels has been installed to divert floating debris. The funneled inlet leads to two adjacent bar racks which precede two traveling screens located in the river screen house. River water then flows to compartments in the lower bay area of the scree house where the encioned impellers of three vertical turbine pumps are located.
The river intake system was constructed with no provisions for river intake deicing. Additionally, there will be no use of biocides at the river intake system.
2.2.2. Riv r Screenhouse Inlet The river screenhouse inlet is located on the Marseilles Pool of the Illinois River at river mile 249.50. During station operation, 1 Calculated annual average rate.
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normal river elevation is expected at 482.8'. A low water elevation
,' of 482.1' and a high water elevation of 483.6' have been determined as the minimum and maximum river levels to be encountered at the river i screenhouse.
Water entering the intake inlet first flows frota the shoreline into a 24 ft. long channel, which leads to a 57 ft. wide floating boom. The boom, constructed from styrofoam filled 55 gallon drums, is free to float with river wave action. The boom deflects large floating debris which would otherwise be trapped on bar racks located approximately 25 feet behind the boom. As installed, the boom extends only approximately 10 inches below the river.
The submerged intake channel is riprapped and extends approximately 75 feet from the boom out into the river. Approximately 50 feet of the channel extends past the shoreline into the river.
The river bcttom has been excavated to elevation 477'0" to provide a 12 foot wide bottom for the channel. Along both sides of the channel, the river bottom is sloped at a rate of 3:1 down to the 477'0" elevation.
The intake bay width at the shoreline spans approximately 72 feet. From the shoreline to the floating boom the channel is 72 feet wide where it then tapers to approximately 30 feet at the bar racks. The inlet area floor elevation at the bar racks is 476'7".
Calculatiens by the architect-engineer indicate that during normal make-up periods (approximately 93% average annual station 2.6
operating time), the cooling pond make-up rate will be 30,000 gpm I with one pump operating. River intake velocities at the approach ,
inlet of the canal near the shoreline, have been calculated to
( range from 0.4 fps to 0.6 fps, depending on river pool elevation.
The 0.4 fps velocity corresponds to the high river elevation of 483.6' and the 0.6 fps velocity to the low river elevation of
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482.1'. At the normal river pool elevation of 482.8', river intake velocities of approximately 0.5 fps will occur.
Periods of make-up requiring two pumps have been calculated at approximately 7% of the station operating time. With two ,
pumps operating make-up rates approaching 60,000 gpm will result.
River intake velocities in the vicinity of the shoreline under these conditions will range from 0.6 fps to 1.0 fps St the high '
and low river levels, respectively. At normal river levels, an ,
approach velocity of 0.8 fps is expected.
2.2.3 Bar Racks The river inlet to the screenhouse is screened for large debris by vertical trash bar racks. The racks consist of 5" x 1/2" steel bars spaced to give 2i" openings. Two sets of bar racks, each approximately 12'6" W x 22'9" H span across the 30 ft. wide inlet area leading to the screenhouse. Details of the bar racks and cleaning mechanism are presented in Figure 2.3.
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To clean accumulated debris from the surface of the trash rack, a traveling trash rake is positioned at the top of the rack. '
The rake-contains steel teeth which are raised and lowered by a drum hoist mechanism.
Theentireunit,calledatravelinghoist car, moves on tracks located adjacent to and behind the bar racks.
By moving along the track all areas of the bar rack are accessible to the trash rake for cleaning.
Cleaning of the bar racks is provided by an apron on the hoist car which allows the rake to travel vertically from the rack to the dumping position without premature dumping of trash. A trash chute then directs the collected debris to a trash cart. The trash cart .
is a four wheeled, bottom dumping cart which fits within the frane-work of the hoist car. All waste dumped into the cart is eventually :
disposed of by a local waste disposel service.
2.2.4 Cooling Pond Make-up Screenhouse l
.The cooling pond make-up screenhouse shelters two traveling i screens, three cooling pond make-up pumps and support equipment i
L including. motor control switch gear, transformers and valve equip-ment. Illustrated'in Figures 2.4 and 2.5 are the plan'and section views of the scrennhouse and the inlet canal. The screenhouse has been constructed with provisions allowing for the addi- ~
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l 2.2.5 Traveling screens The river screenheuse contains two Beloit-Passavant center flow traveling screens with 3/8 inch screen openings. The screens are shown in Figures 2.6 and 2.7. As installed, one screen serves two of the pond make-up pumps. A second screen serves the third pump. . . _ _
The Beloit-Passavant dual flow traveling band screen operates according to the internal flow system, whereby water passes through the screen irom the inside to the outside. With this principle, the entire submerged screening area is utilized during the screening process. This results in one side of the screening medium always exposed to the dirty water side of the
. unit and the other side to the screened water side. In this manner, the possibility of debris or entrapped organisms not dischstged during a pass through the cleaning shower is eliminated from carryover into the screened water area.
A design feature of this traveling band screen is the application of the semi-circular type screening basket. These baskets increase the screening area by approximately 60%
compared to the base area of thebasket frames. Retaining plates installed as part of the basket prevents debris accumulated on the internal screen surface from dropping back into the screening unit. The retaining plate also assists in dewatering collected trash.
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2.12 .
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N M SINGLE ENTRY, DOUBLE EXIT VERTICAL TRAVELING SCREEN -
FIGURE 2.6 2.13 1 1
TRAVEL 2"G bat *3 P.09""N (D'.'AL FLO*:)
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4 Figure 2.7 1 Motor Details of Beloit-Passavant 2 Ocar Drive Gear Drive Support Traveling Screen.
3 4 Roller Bearing 5 Torque Tube 6 chain Take-Up Disc Spring Suspension
{ Sprocket -
9 Sprocket Tooth 10 Screening Ee.sket 11 Shower Hr.ader
. 10 '..'as te TrouGn 13 Support Frame 14 Housing 2.14 1
l
All screened particles are removed by a spray from the upper interior of the screen and are collected in a waste trough -
located inside the traveling band screen. Debris removal is '
performed by a special screen shower header with 19 flat spray - - . -
nozzles discharging water at a total rate of 38 gpm and pressure of
$61si. ~~ Debris collected is eventually ~~dispoYed of~by s'lo65Y i/aste disposal--service.
Cleaning of the traveling screens is actuated by pressure differential controls which are used to regulate the speed of the screen drive unit. In addition, an adjustable timer is provided to automatically operate the screen at preset intervals, if for any reason it has not been previously actuated by level differential.
Significant performance and design data for the traveling screens are tabulated a Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 - Performance Data for Beloit-Passavant Basket width - 6'0" Screen Opening Size - 3/8 inch square Capacity - 90,000 gpm Intake Velocity at - 2 pumps opereting 0.7 fps Low Water Depth 1 pump operating 0. 4 fps Chain Pitch - 20" Drive Sprocket Centers - 18'-0"
- Drive Motor a Horsepower - 1 0 2.b/5.0 H.P.
Speed of Travel of -
14.0-28.0 ft./ min.
Basket .
Basket Cleaning - Upper spray system - automatic pressure differential actuated.
\
2.15
Calculations by the architect-engineer indicate that at the normal cooling pond make-up rate of 30,000 gpm (one pump running) river intake flows at the traveling screens will range
~i from 0.3 fps to 0.4 fps depending on river pool elevation.
The 0.3 fps velocity : 7rresponds to the high river elevation of 483.6' and the 0.4 fps velocity to the pool low watar elevation of 482.l'. At the normal pool elevation of 482.8', river intake velocities averaging 0.35 fps are expected at the traveling screens.
It is anticipated that on an average annual basis, make-up to the cooling pond will be provided approximately 7% of the - --- -
time,by two make-up pumps. River intake flows at the traveling screens with two pumps running have be calculated to range from 0.5 fps (at high river elevati:n 483.6') to 0.7 fps (at low river elevation 482.1'). At the normal pool elevation of 482.8', river intake flows will average 0.6 fps with two pumps operating.
2.2.6 Make-un Pumos Three cooling pond make-up pumps, located 1~ ide the river screenhouse, supply make-up water to the cooAing pond from the Illinois River. The locations of the pump are shown in -
Figure 2.4 and 2.5. Manufactured by the Layne & Bowler Division Singer Co., the pumps, driven by 3000 H.P. Westinghouse Corp.
motors, have a pumping capacity of 30,000 gpm each. The pumps are 2.16 J
. 3-stage vertical turbine pumps with an enclosed impeller rotating at 710 revolutions per minute. Suction-and discharge pressures are ,
approximately 5 psi and 150 psi, respectively. The pumps are capable of pumping against an elevation head of 189 feet (between the screen-house and cooling pond discharge). Discharge from the pumps flow into 3 - 42 inch diameter pipes which eventually merge into 1 - 60 inch diameter pipe. During operation of these pumps, hydraulic turbulence is expected behind the traveling screens near the suction zone of the pump.
2.3 Other River Structures The cooling pond discharge system consists of one blowdown structure situated on the Illinois River at river mile 249 36. .
The cooling pond blowdown line has a discharge capacity of 200 cfs.
The line,-as shown in Figure 1, originates in the cooler region of the -cooling pond near the intake flume for condenser cooling water.
Prem this point, the 66-inch diameter blowdown pipe is routed under an interior dike, under the condenser cooling water discharge
-flume and exterior dike, and to the river outfall structure. The
-blowdown pipe is designed for gravity flow. The centerline elevations _of the pipe are 694.75 feet MSL at the_ cooling pond inlet.and 488.25 MSL at the river discharge point. A motor-operated shutoff valve at both the river and lake ends of the line permits maintenance and flexibility in cooling pond operation. .
2.17 L.
Blowdown from the cooling pond is discharged to the Illinois River at an annual average rate of 51.1 cfs at 100% capacity for _ _
the two units. Figure 2.8 shows the outfall structure in detail.
The blowdown is discharged through a 20-inch diameter Howell Bunger Valveintoa660-ft.h.ongstillingbasin. From the stilling basin, the blowdown enters the Illinois River through an open flume having a bottom width of 10 feet and side slopes of 3:1. The bed elevation of the flume is 481.79 feet. Because the normal pool elevation of the Illinois River is 482.8', the blowdown is discharged very near the water surface.
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i 3.0 GENERAL ECOLOGICAL SETTING 3.1 General Hydrology Stream flows on the Illinois Waterway have been found to fluctuate significantly due not only to seasonal effects but to ,
- man's regulatory activities through Lake Michigan diversAon and the lock-and-dam system. For example, on September 20, 1971, flows in the Dresden Pool dropped from about 17,000 on the preceding day to 2400 cfs.
The discharge record nearest the LaSalle site on the Illinois River is at Marseilles, at river mile 246.6, about 3 river miles below the site (Table 3.1). The gaging station at :
Marseilles is in the Starved Rock pool, which extends from river
- mile 231.0 to 247.0. 'Che flow and river stne data at this location, during a period from October 1919 through September 1971 are as follows:
Surface elevation (cubic feet per sec.) (feet. MSL)
Normal 8,000 459 00 Average (52' years) 10,630 --
Maximum (July 14, 1957)' 93,900 478.11 Minimum (October 16, 1943) 1,460 --
At a given point in time, the flow ro6 ceded at this -
gaging station very closely represents the flow that passed the j- proposed:LaS ale Station site the day.before. There is no gage on the Illinois River above the La Salle site. However, most of the rivers which flow into the Illinois River are gaged, f
l 3.1
,=cwwwme-+<----+wn-r- +-e-- -arr,+,-mr--v-r-r,e+,++=--m-e- ; - , . - - + v..---n. . - - -er-e-.~ww---.iv- .-%- w.- --
--.v' de =*--ee--s n=-+m-se-- We--.- --
-*mrw- --i,, -am-wr-
Table 31 Discharge Record, Illinois River at Marseilles y
for 1971 Wa.ter Year (a) .
ILLINDIS RIVth SA$lt 0$$43500 111tnote River at marsetlles.111.
IbtA710h. ..Lat 41'19'4 0". long 00 *41'If"'. In tr\54 see.13 N.. R.4 f., la Salle levnty. en right ba.* 0.4 elle downstreme from den in Maret*,11ea. 6.9 e!!es upettese from fen River a.d 7.33 at sile 146.6.
DRAlkAct AttA. 7.640 sq et, oppremiestely.
PIRIOD Or RICORD. October 1919 to current year.
CACL... Water.etage tocon*?. Detva of gage le 447.91 ft sveve mean sea level. Deteber 1929 to January 19:5. nonrecordirig gage e, ette et Merris, le.6 elles vpetress et datus 470.8 ft ateve sean see Irvel. Jornaary 1931 to September 1939. water stage ruoteer at e
ette 300 ft downstrese free ette used 1920 38 and at that datue.
AvtAAct Dl1CHAACE..12 years.10.630 efs.
CITt.tHLs.--Current year Maalanas discha.Te, 27.100 efs war.16 (gage height. 6.14 at h eint mie daily. 3,050 efe Jan. 31, feriod el reeerd s Mastenas discharge. 93.900 efe July 14,1957 (gsge hetgnt. la.20 ft ), sintsus daily,1.460 efs oct. 16, 1943.
A stage of 36.1 ft at merria securred an 2031. and a stage of 23.4 ft (see jaa) accurred at present alte en Jan. fl.1916.
RIM 44XI...aecords loo s. goo eneept these for winter perlede, which are poor. Figures of daily discharse include flow thruwgh bevisettsn flee regw1.iet by twerplants and navigatten dae 4Wwe statten. Since Jan. 17. 1900, fa.s boa 1.<lwJeJ diveranon free lake Michigan Far,th Chicage Sanitary and Ship Canal (eee Statten hn. 05137000).
Ol5CnacGC, IN CV88C FEE 7 PCR ECCOND. va7(a vtaa OC70006 1970 70 SE*?tme{s 4971 Cav OC7 *,0 V DEC JaN F(y ape was mat Jum Ju( auG 5(6 1 13 100 10.800 8.300 4.640 4.630 16.50s 2 18 100 10.5a0 9.130 6.500 6 250 6.9A8 A.360 7.910 8.890 5.760 5.230 16.300 6.180 5.590 3 9.664 12.000 9 360 5. 780 5.730 6.Jto 7.960
- 5.700 4.590 12.680 8.900 6.160 6.890 6.050 p.100 9 470 13.000 4.950 5 180 6 030 11.000 0.930 7.010 5 9 160 11.200 6.630 Se343 % 660 6.494 4 020 0 000 5.870 !*.500 9.630 9.260 6 000 4.560 12 200 8 100 0 000 4 9 0*0 12.400 8 660 650 40 500 10.300 8.700 7 9.550 10 100 6.640 6.950 le s00 6 300 80[0 7.910 10 100
- 8 8.820 9.500 9.950 7.700 8 450 7 160 7.630 7 690 9.960 6.550 6.590 9.000 6,680 6.960 4.440 9 0 880 lle190 6 620 5 230
- 7. 90 5 010 9.870 8 080 7.510 le 9 500 6.460 7 030 7.. 0 4 830 4 270 7 050 7 640 II.900 7.660 *.670 11 100 8 030 7.570 7 11.
7 200 5.*80 7.800 8.060 7.760 11 1.760 11.160 11 100 *.560 7.3*0 8.050 12 7.700 ll.100 10.900 Sette 7.480 7.170 Sitie 8.990 a.aoe 13 8.lle 19.400 9e960 4 0ve 7.750 7.fl0 7.020 8 **0 6.980 10.700 A.230 5.940 4.900 6.650 7.410 6.510 7.690 6 270 11 000 14 16.800 41 300 9.460 6.650 6 160 11 100 8 130 5.*i0 lb 20 500 9 390 5.590 8 230 6.o.0 11 500 A.bue 5.=60 8.940 4.910 6.610 20.300 6.700 8 360 5.530 9 740 4 7.9ec 5.66n 16 17 500 2.770 4 240 17 15 200 8.020 7.0a0 4 060 5.630 26..*0 6.680 8 210 6 210 A.690 9 260 6.620 a.790 6.620 22.565 6 220 5.670 18 13.000 7.050 '7.930 6 260 9 150 6.700 8.660 9.800 5.250 19 12 100 7.320 7.560 19.700 5.960 7.760 5.470 1.750 7.5=4 5.690
. 650 16 400 27.700 6.010 6.510 20 12 000 10 100 8 020 6 350 9 230 6.53n 7.770 7.970 19.600 23.500 5.440 5.830 6.960 6.920 7.690 5.33n 21 11.500 7 500 8 030 3.*A0 20.300 22 9.560 7 500 22.800 5.390 6 410 6 070 6 570 7 160 4 6=0 17.?no 20.100 6.740 7.6*n M.
- vo 23 9.570 Telle 6.760 3.260 5.*20 6.290 6 **0 7.620 5 15a 18.600 17,900 5.190 6.790 7 270 26 9 *30 5.760 6 120 3.740 17.300 6 330 7.910 g.a60 25 8 120 17.000 5.660 5.65a 6.010 7. 0 %) 8.030 6 600 6 290 6.610 16.500 le.30s 4.990 5.500 s.*20 7.280 a.960 11 000 6 000 26 7.940 6 810 6.700 6.320 27 7.690 19.500 12.000 5.810 5.030 6.760 5500 7 610 5.000 4 120 21.300 12.200 a.910 5.6Ao 28 12 200 8 540 Se2le 4.280 6 000 4.730 7.350 9.160 6 000 2r L.030 19.700 11.600 6,510 6.750 5.780 10.*00 8 530 5 470 4 330 ==---- 6.556 9.nte 6.650 30 13 700 10.500 5 140 4.860 5.930 A.070 8.510 8.510 5.810 3 700 ------ 10.200 5.660 7.770 31 11 700 ===--- 5 160 3 050 ====..
6.600 6.*00 4.680 8.100 5.560 10.100 - - - . . .
6 360 -----
6 120 8.n*0 === --
7C74L 337.100 200.760 1JJ.ces l*04.528 150 326.270 636.620 199.730 201.520 183.520 2=9. win 257.750 miaN 10 370 9.359 7.519 199.rA0 maa 20 500 11.650 16.090 6.658 6.50 6 117 9.07e 12.600 ll.100 6.590 21.300 26.100 9,260 8.315 6.653 mim 7.490 5.760 4.780 10 600 9.230 12 200 11.000 10.100 J.050 *.6JO 7.610 6.760 *.160 *.560 . 960 7.560 6 620 Cab 74 1970 7678L 4 269e490 M(aN !!e700 man 83.200 MIN 2.000 v7e vs 1971 70f AL 3 045*l00 M(aN 833 mat 26.100 MIN 3 050 .
PEAA SIS 09 tact (Ba!L, 25.nC0 0 5).. 9er. It (1730) 27,100 efs (6.14 f t ).
(8)30vece: U A Department Of to laterior. GrNtopc.I Survey. 'W ter Aes0v tet Osta for Il l te0 ' 5.~ 'E P IIL o
Jed l
__._ - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ^ "~
The locations of flow gaging stations in the State of Illinois are shown in Figure 3.1. -
The maximum predicted discharge rate at the Marseilles gaging station _for a 100-year flood is 106,222 cubic feet per r
second as calculated by the Gumbel method for flood prediction.
The observed lowest 7-day flow at Marseilles is 3,110 cubic feet per second. The estimated 7-day low flow at Marseilles N i wi 2 a g ear recurrence interval is 3,480 cubic feet per second.
A partial flow-duration curve of the daily flows below 6,000 cubic feet per second for the Illinois River at Marseilles for the 1961 through 1964 water years is shown in Figure 3.2. The basic data for the partial flow-duration curve are given in Table 3.2, which shows that the daily flow at Marseilles during 1961 through 1964 water years exceeded 3,000 cubic reet per second on 98 percent of the days and 4,000 cubic feet per second on 87 percent of the days.
At the point where water is withdrawn for the cooling lake, the Illinois River consists principally of waters from the Kankakee River and the DesPlaines River (approximately 35% and 65%, respectively).
About 90% of the Des Plaines River flow, or 60% of the total flow at the withdrawal point, is contributed by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which is composed largely of sanitary flows and dilution releases. Flow in the Illinois River in this region is heavily regulated by operation of the lock and dam system. These factors, rather than natural phenomena, largely govern the low flow of the
. river.
The seasonal distribution of streamflow of the Illinois River at Marseilles, Illinois, for water years 1961 through 1964 is shown in Figure 3.3.
3.3
. . _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ .__ - _. _ _.__.m J.~ {f -
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l Figure 31 F1ow gaging stations in Illinois.
r 3.N
1 6,200-5,800- -
? 5,400- -
8 g 5,000--
n.
O l y 4,600 -- '
.M
.c j 4,200-- ,
I e
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1 a
5 3,400--
w __x u' O 3,000- -
1 2,600--
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- 8 f I t t I a a a e 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percentage of Days Flow Equoted or Exceeded Figure 32 Partial flow-duration curve for Illinois River at liarsellies, Illinois, 1961-1964.
~
.v. - -
- ~ . . .
Table 3.2 Flow-Duration Illinois River at Marseilles, Illinois '
1961-1964 Water Years Daily Discharge Number Days Equaled (cfs) o f' Days or Exceeded-(%)
2,430-(minimum) 1 100 2,431-2,600 2 2,601-2,800 99.9 9 99.0
- ' 2,801-3,000- 17 98.0 3,001-3,200. 20 96.6 3,201-3,400' 17 95.4 3,401-3,600 27 93.4 3,601-3,800_ 46 90.5 3,801-4.000 50 87.0
- 4,001-4,200 51' 83.6 4,201-4,400 62 79.1 4,401-4,600 71 74.3 4,601-4,800 79 68.9
~
4,801-5,000 82 63.4 5,001-5,200 56 59.5 5,201-5,400 40 56.8 5,401-5,600 45 53.7 5,601-5,800 44 50.7 5,801-6,000 33 48.4 i
Source: U. S. Geological Survey, " Surface Water Records of Illinois," 1961, 1962, 1963, and 1964. .
3.6
10,000 9,000 --
v g 8,000 - -
1',
m t 7,000 _ .
- a. __.
"O
- 6,000 _ .
,o ---
.a j 5,000 _ _
O 9 4,000 _ _
,O w 5!
3 3 3,000 - -
8' a 2,000 - -
l ,
1 1,000 __
0 January to March April to June July to September l October to December l l
Season Figure 33 seasonal distribution of streamrlow, Illinois River at liarseilles, 1961-1964 water years.
'h -
M A R $EIL t.E S r- - = -
- 20 1 -
16 - l I -
l .
16 - . I 1969
- 14 -
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. 12 -
. 3 l
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1970
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auir; -l- Augosi -l - septemeer I j i. t Figure 3.4 Weekly a'verage flow hydrographs, Illinois River at Marseilles,_and Chicago Sanitary and Ship-Canal at
'Lockport. .
3.8
Wackly evarega straamflows during July, August, cnd September for 1969, 1970, and 1971 as recorded at Lockport and Marseilles are shown in Figure 3.4.
. 3.2 Water Quality Physical and chemical parameters were sampled in the Illinois River in.1972 and 1973. .See Figure 3.5 for sampling locations.
Water temperatures in the Illinois River exhibited a normal seasonal pattern reflecting climatic changes. The highest temperature (26.O' C) was recorded in August 1972 and the lowest temperature (5.0a c) was observed in January 1973 (see Table 3.3).
Temperature profiles in August 1972 at the upstream (A) station, and in October 1972 and January 1973 at Station 8 did not reveal any thermal stratification in this section of the Illinois River.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations also showed normal seasonal variations. The lowest dissolved oxygen value (5.6 mg/ liter) was recorded at Station B in August 1972 and the highest (11.3 mg/ liter) was observed at Station 8 in Janury 1973 (see Table 3.3). Because
' oxygen solubility in water decreases with increasing water temp-eratures, the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations corresponded with the highest water temperatures recorded in August 1972. The percent oxygen saturation in August (60%), however, indicated that the oxygen in the Illinois River was not controlled entirely by temperature-solubility relationships. The low dissolved oxygen concentration correlated with indicators of organic loading. The highest total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and relative l biochemical oxygen demand also occurred in August 1972. Oxygen i
).9
E w
TABLE 3e3 ,
WATTR mag ?Y OF TWf* 11.Lipots af vrm IN Tnr' .-1CfMITY OF TMC l.SCS (All values tapressed as ag/Ilter Etees.t as Noted and ate en Avera pe of Duellcate "%e*9twe .to f i AUCtfST 30,11972 OCTOBER 26.'1972- JAf80 arf 26.~1973 (fFSTREAMt At OnnetSTREAM f 98 STATION 9 STA?!ON 3 T STATIC 4 3 STATIOg a wATEm epALITY RTANDAPO?"
S**p r ACE StFF F.* CE SUFFACE -3 M. DEPTW: SUPFACE 3 *t. OFFTfl . 3EME' PAL - Ft:BLIC kATt P 5'.PPLy
' Temperature b' 26.0 '26.0
12.6 12.6 5.0 5.2 e o Dissolved Ozygen .
'l in Saturetton) : 6.4 t7s) . 5.6ts93 18.3496) 16.2t95) II.3tet) 11.3ft9) 5.8 o ,
! pffb . 7.7 7.7 S.45 0.05 .9.14 9.11 .6.5-9.0 4 '2 Total pihallatty 156 . 155' 195 195 176 175 d e Specifte conductanceb 568 562 682 - 605 .4- d 1 Mardness .
252 257 307- 206 282 - 2g3 d d ,
T3tal Dissolved Solide . 444 422 449 442 1994 500 .
Total Suspended solide. 64 72 32 . 32 d. d 7%r bid it y D 66 ' 63 . 38 41 20 24 4 d >
Total Solide 540 542 448 . 442 d' d Calcium 60 62 . . 79 ' . 7e - 31 ' 31 d e Magnesium 24.9 24.3 ' 30 33 27 27 4 d Potassium 5 5 4 4 d d s, Sodium 23.1 23.1 0' 9 27 ' 23 d ."d 'l Chloride 34.5 34.5 32.0 . 32.5 40.5 41.0 500 258 '* '
Sulfate '
DOD 95
. 6.4 94 6.1 90 4
90 4.6 90 90 509 d
250 d ')-< ' '!
, C- 40 40 2,.5.6 29.6 i.3 , .
i,3 6 d a g 11. d 'd ..*
! Toc '22 22 e.0 6.o 9.e i
' O r Organic Mitrogen I.00 1.16 0.90 0.9e d d f Ammonia Mitrogen 9.44 0.44 . +0.03 *0.03 *0.93 <D.83 1.5 d I Mitrite Mitrogen 0.12 0.12 c.876 0.002 0.057 0.061 d toe Nitrate Mitrogen . . 4.7- 4.9 4.55 4.80 3.78 3.20 d lee
-y Orthophosphate, Soluble 0.22 9.22 0.3' O.38 0,212 0.212 d d i' r Total Phosphate 0.72 ' O 71 0.51 0.51 0.412 .0.412 d 4 .,
l thenois 40.001 <e.001 0.009 e.000 s e. ";* .e.000 e.1 0.001 ;
Oil and Cresee thewane soluble!" 10 .2. 6 3.5 3.0 13.*t2 4.54 4 0.1 1 j
- Cyanide <0.004 40.004 af . 204 =0.004 0.025 c.01' 5
- 1llinois rollution control Board mules and pegulatione. Chapter 3, water Pollutten. Ef feet twe Merch 29, 1975.
Section 203 Ceneral Standarde and Section 204 Public and Food processistg water Sepoly.
, bTemperature empressed as *Cp pH empressed me units: ;
Specific Cenductance escressed as emhos/ ems and Turbidity ewpreened as Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). ,
1 F
C The water temperature at representative loestions in t%e river shall not eveeed 15.6* C December, January, enst -
' rebruary or 32.2*, C March through Movember during more than it of the hoo.'s in the 12-month period endtney with any month. Mnreover, et no time shall the water temperature at these locatione enceed the above temocratures by smore than 1.7* C. .j
'I
~
Oeo f Illinois Staewlards estabilehed for this parameter.
' 'Mitrite #!trogen plue Witrate Mitrogem as W.
- + , . .. , .
s - - = - - ._-___m _ . _ _ ___2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.______m. _ _ . . _ . _ _ _ . . . _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . . _ _
profiles taken in conjunction with the temperature profile measure-ments did not reveal substantial differences in oxygen content as depth increased.
Total dissolved solids (TDS) of natural waters consist mainly of carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, phosphetes, and nitrates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and codium, with traces of iron, manganese, and other substances (McKee and Wolf 1963). Specific conductance, which is the measure of the ion concentrations in water, is related to the presence of the dissolved solids in the water. TDS and specific conductance remained fairly constant between October 1972 and January 1973 (see Table 3.3).
TDS values in the Illinois River (422 to 448 mg/ liter) were well below the general water quality standard (1000 mg/ liter) established in Illinois and the recommended criterion of 2000 mg/ liter for the safety of fish and aquatic life (McKe- and Wolf 1963).
Total suspended solids in natural waters are composed of sand, clay, silt, bacteria, detritus, and algae. Suspended solids cause water to be turbid, reduce light penetration and vision of aquatic animals, interfere with feeding, and may be abrasive to sensitive structures such as the gills of fish (Warren 1971).
Suspended solids can come from agricultural runoff, storm sewers, or municipal and industria' .sstes. Levels can change rapidly with wind intensity, rainfal?., and river level. Concentrations of
~
suspended solids in the 1111nois River were relatively high in
. October 1972 (64 mg/ liter) but decreased in January 1973 (32 mg/ liter). On both dates these concentrations exceeded the maximum level of 25 mg/ liter recommended by the National Academy of 3.11
l Sciences (1973) for high-level protection of aquatic organisms.
High suspended solids in the Illinois River-may be attributed to the disturbance of the bottom sediments by barge traffic and to agricultural runoff in the area.
The total organic nitrogen concentrations in the Illinois River did not vary between October 1972 and January 1973 (see Table 3.3). Ammonia concentrations were only d-tectable in the Illinois River on Augast 30, 1972, and never exceeded the general water cuality standard of 1.5 mg/ liter. Nitrate concen-trations in the Illinois River ranged from 0.057 to 0.12 mg/ liter with the highest levels occurring in August 1972. Nitrate con-centrations in the Illinois River ranged from 3.20 to 4.8 mg/ liter.
Total phosphorus and soluble orthophosphate concentrations showed little variation during the study period. Total phosphorus -
in the Illinois River ranged from 0.41 to 0.72 mg/ liter while soluble orthophosphate ranged from 0.01 to 0.31 mg/ liter. There are ample background concentrations of materials generally recognized as essential plant nutrients, including ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, soluble orthophosphate, and total phosphate in the Illinois River.
High nutrient concentrations in the Illinois River are probably the result of runoff from the surrounding farmlands and treated sewage from further upstream.
Concentrations of most trace elements found in the Illinois River were low and fell below the established Illinois River standards. At certain times during the yerr, however, copper, 3.12 1
iron, manganese, and selenium concentrstions exceeded either the general water quality standard or the public water supply standard
. or both (see Table 3.4). The concentrations of copper (0.036 mg/ liter), iron (3.6 mg/ liter), and manganese (0.11 mg/ liter) were highest in August 1972, but selenium (0.5 mg/ liter) reached a peak in October 1972. Iron was the only trace metal that was consistently high. Characteristically the water quality values collected by various investigators indicate marginal water quality.
Other physical and chemical characteristics of the Illinois River near the station site are listed in Table 3.3 The navigability of the Illinois River h .:ouraged siting of petroleum-related industry along its short This has led to oil pollution of the river, due primarily to accidental spills during transfer operations. Information provided by the Illinois District Office of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency indiccted that the soluble oil content of the river near Morris is usually less than 10 mg/1. This is less than the 15 mg/l maximum set by the state for restricted-use waters, but in some cases may be more than the 0.1 mg/l maximum concentration allowed for public and food-processing water supplies. The U.S. Coast Guard, Chicago area office, has estimated that presently about one to two incidents of oil spills (defined as any visible oil) occur per year in the Illinois River near Morris.
e 3.13 L- -
TABLE 3.4 TRACE HETALS IN WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED PROM THE ILLINOTS RIVER IN THE VICINITY OF THE LSC3 (All Values Expressed as mg/ liter and arp an Average of Duplicate Measurements)
~
AUGUST 30, 1972 OCTOBER 26, 1972 JANUARY 26, 1973 UPSTREAM ( A) DOWNSTREAMIB) STATION 5 STATION G STATION 8 STATION 8 WATER QUALITY STANDARD
- SURFACE SURFACE SUkFACE 3M. DEPTH SUKFACE 3M. DEPTH GENERAL PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY Aluminum 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 b b I Antimony <0.05 <0.05 0.02 0.01 b b Arsenic 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.008 0.004 1.0 0.01 Barium 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.1 5.0 1.0 Beryllium <0.01 <0.01 0.001 0.001 b b Doron 0.2 0.2 <0.2 <0.2 1.0 b Cadmium 0.0034 0.0032 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 0.01 Chromium, Hexavalent <0.001 <0.001 - - - -
0.05 b Chromium. Total <0.001 <0.001 <0.02 <0.02 0.01 0.01 1.0 b Cobalt
<0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.02 h b Copper 0.034C 0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 b Iron 0.03
- 3. 6C [ 3. 2cd 0. Bed 1,ged 1.0d 0.9d 1.0 0.3 i I
hd Lead 0.04g 0.04j 40.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.1 0.05 FJ Manganese 0.11 0.11 <0.02 <0.02 0.0Bd 0.08d 1.0 0.05 !
C' Mercury 4 0. 001C <0.001C <0.0002 <0.0002 0.0005 b Molybdenum - <0.05 <0.05 - - - -
b b Nickel <0.05 <0.05 0.02 1.0 b Selenium ' <0.005 <0.005 0.5d 0. F 0.0{
0.7 0.3d 1.0 0.01 ;
Silver < 0. 01c <0.01C 0.001 0.001 0.005 b a Strontium 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 b b ;
~
Tin 40.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 b b Zinc 0.031 0.025 0.06 0.05 <0.02 <0.02 1.0 b a
Illinois Pollution Control Board Rules and Regulations, Chapter 3, Water Pollutions Effective March 20, 1975, Section 203 General Standards and Section 204 Public and Food Ptocessing Water Supply Standards, b
No Illinois Standard Established for this Parameter.
c Exceeds General Water Quality Standard, d
Exceeds Public Water Supply Standaru.
33 Biota of the Illinois River Phytoplankton populations in the Illinois River at the LSCS site were sampled in August 1972 by NALCO and in October 1972 and January 1973 by Limnetics, Inc. Locations sampled included stations upstream (A) and downstream (B) of the proposed cooling lake discharge (NALC0; see Figure 3.5) and upstream of the site (Station 3).
Phytoplankton density (number of organisms per milliliter) in the August 1972 samples ranged from 1977 cells /ml upstream of the proposed cooling lake mischarge to 3124 cells /ml downstream, averaging 2551 cells /ml (see Table 3.5). The phytoplankton
~
community was dominated by diatoms, which made up approximately
. 90% of the community. Pennate diatoms (species that are generally pseudoplanktonic, or not truly planktonic, and are suspended in the plankton by river flow or turbulence) were somewhat more numerous than centric diatoms (generally euplanktonic, or true plankton). During August 1972, dominant diatom species (a dominant species comprises at least 5% of the total phytoplankton population) included the pennates Navicula sp. and Nitzschic sp. and the centrics Cyclotella sp. , Cyclotella meneghiniana var. plana, and
-Stenhanodiscus sp. Members of the Chlorophyta (green algae),
Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), and Euglenophyta (euglenoids) were also present in the August 1972 samples.
During October 1972, phytoplankton populations exhibited typical seasonality and declined to 954 cells /ml (see Table 3.5).
3.15
4 _
l f-l A E i og k y
. .....] O a n a v .
U 6*
7 e v 2 b
- E
. . 3 o 4
W O g O
>- E e <
. . x
. . - g 3
>=
l D
r,
" 0
. i
- 1 I
4 I
sh
! C -
W-E E k-
/, >#
e' _.
. r ~
~
k ;
b
~
aa : ;
I b.
- T.d---
' l
- 3E- '
raggrej N
d)~ 6- ~
2
% Set e 500 1000 1,50 1>X FitT l
FIGURE 3.5 SAMPLIflG LOCATIONS FOR LSCS BASELINE AQUATIC SURVEY 3.16
MO M i
n a s 3 .s DENSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF ALGAL DIVISIONS IN ILLINOIS RIVER PhTf0 PLANKTON SAMPLES l l
i ~
ILLINOIS RIVFR AUGUST 30, 1972 )CTOBER 26, 1212_, JANUARY 26, 1973 l STATION 9 STATION 9 UPSTREAM (A)
' UNITS /ml R. A.al . , UNITS DOWNSTREAM
/ml _ (B) , UNITS /ml R.A.at R.A.8% UNITS /ml R.A.3%
Bacillarlophyta 1761 89.07 2046 91.09 699 73.27 450 43.60 l
(Diatomst t
Chlorophyta 142 7.18 150 4.81 93 9.75 30 2.91 (Green algae)
+ Cyanophyta 59 2.99 105 3.36 23 2.41 439 42.54
}d (Blue-grean algael b
. FA 14 0.45 94 9.85 0 0
-a Euglenophyta 15 0.76 (Euglenoids) l l
Chrysophyta .
0 0 4 0.13 42 4.40 113 10.95 l
(Golden-yellow algae) i O C 5 0.16 3 0.31 0 0 l
Pyrrhophyta 1 (Dinoflagellates)
TOTAL 1977 100.00 3124 100.00 95i 99.99 103" 100.00 l
t i
1 i
8R.A. = Relative Abundance bAverage of non-filamentous and filamentous forms ~
8
.w
Diatoms were still dominant (73% of the population), and pennate forms made up the bulk of the population (68%, compared with 5% .
for the centries). The pennates Navicula cryotocechala, Navicula sp. , and Nitzschia palen were important species. Members of the Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta increased in October 1972 to about 10% each of the phytoplankton community. One species of each group was abundant enough to be considered dominant: the green alga Pyramimonas tetrarhynchus and the euglenoid Trachelomonas volvocina. Members of the Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), Chrysophyta (golden-yellow algae), and Pyrrhophyta (dinoflagellates) were also present.
Atypically, phytoplankton populations increased slj g htly in January 1973 to 1032 cells /ml. Diatoms decreased in importance -
relative to earlier months and comprised only 44% of the community. .
Centric diatoms made up two-thirds of the diatom population. The filamentous blue-green alga Oscillatoria limnetica comprised 41%
of the phytoplankton community and was by far the most dominant member of the phytopinnkton. The dominance of O. limnetica is not accountable from the data available since blue-green-algae generally are dominant only during the warmest parts of the year.
! Green algae and golden-brown algae were also present, but not abundant.
Many of the dominant genera and species found in the Illinois River near the LSCS site are indicators of eutrophic I conditions. Nitzschia and Navicula rank sixth and seventh on
~
Palmer's (1962) list of the 60 most population-tolerant genera, and Cyclotella menechiniana is listed in palmer (1969) as one of l
3.18 l
I the 20 most pollution-tolerant specieu. The genus Stephanodiscus is also associated with outrophic conditions, as are the large number of non-filamentous green algae species (Hutchinson 1967).
i Zooplankton samples were taken from the Illinois River in October 1972 and January 1973 Sampling locations are shown in Figure 3.5. Zooplankton populations in the Illinois River were relatively low during October 1972, totaling only 0.25 organisms per liter. Almost 90% of the zooplankton population were copepods, with Diaptomus oregonensis comprising 64% (0.161 organisms per liter) of the total community and immature copepods contributing 25%
(see Table 3.6). Three cladocerans and one rotifer species made up the remainder of the zooplankton community, but none was very abundant.- Species diversity (H') was 0.2796. Species diversity is a measure of both the number of species (richness) and the number of individuals per species (equitability or evenness). Maximum diversity would occur if individuals were divided equally among all species.
Zooplankton populations increased greatly in January 1973 to 4.1 organisms per liter. Most of this increase was due to rotifers, especially Bde11oidea, polyarthra, and Syncheeta, which had relative abundances of 29%, 14%, and 19%, respectively.
Copepods and cladocerans showed slight population increases.
Species diversity increased to 0.8582. Zooplankton population 1evels and species diversity generally decline during the winter
. (Hynes 1970). The January increase cannot be explained by the data available.
3.19
. , . ... .. . _- , . . _ . . . . . . . ~ . . . . - . - . . . . . - . . ~ . . . . . - -
~
- ~w.mn, TABLE 3.6:
SOOPLANKTON POPULATION DENSITY AND N LATIVE ABUNDANCE ..
IN THE ILLINOIS RIVFR
" "*" NN *.+w o w m %% [ " =
ILLIEIS RIVER SPECIES (Station 8)
OCTOBER 26, 1972 JANUARY 26, 1973 R.A.D R.A.
Units /1s (t) - Units /la (t) ;
COPEPODA- .
Cyclops bleuspidatus thomasi 0.092 Diaptomus ashlandt 2.2 D. oregonensis 0.013 0.3 0.161 64.4 E sicilis E siciloides
. Uopepodids 0.106 2.6 Irecture copepods 0.062 24.8 -c.476 11.5 TOTAL 0.223 89.2 C.667 16.6 CLADOCERA :
nosmin'a loneirostris 0.009 3.6- 0.185 4.5 Bosmina sp. .(1sanaturd 0.013 0.3 i.
ceriodaphnia guadrang,Qa 0.009. 3.6 Chydorus sphaerfeus~ 0.003 1.2 Daphnia gelenta mendtetae 0.079 1.9 j' D. parvula 0.013 0.3 5 onnie sp. (imaature)- 3.013 0.3
. TOTAL , - 0.021 8.4 0.303 7.3 *
- ROTIFERA' Asplanehna-priodonte 0.006 2.4 0.026 0.6
'm adelloiden sp. 1.215 ' 29.3 Brachtonus calyciflorus 0.132 3.2
. Filinia longisetae - 0.013 0.3-Tillicottaa bestoniensis 0.013 0.3
.R. longispina - 0.145 3.5 Teratella cochlearis- 0.092 2. 2 '
K. quadrata 0.092~
2.2
- listholu a sp. 0.079 1.9
,i i Polyarthra spp.
fynchaeta spp.' 0.581- 14.0 c -
O.766 18.5 .
e
! , TOTAL- 0.006 2.4 5 3.154 76.1 *
, : TOTAL 2OOPLANKTON 0.250 -100.0 4.144 300.0
- *Maan of duplicate surface and duplicate 3 meter samples.
~
. bR.A. = Relative abundance.
cColumn does not add up exactly due to rounding.
- b.
- i I
~
-- , , , . w- ~ . _ .-- - - - _ _ . - _ . - - - _ _
Periphyton samples were collected in the Illinois River from natural substrates on August 30,1972 (L'ALCO 1974) and from artificial substrates on January 26, 1973 (Limnetics 1973).
Sampling locations are shown in Figure 3.5. During the August 1972 survey, 30 species representing 13 genera of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) comprised approximately 75% of the periphyton community at the upstream sampling location (see Table 3.7).
Almost all the diatoms identified were pennate forms. This was expected since periphytic diatoms are predominantly pennate (Hynes 1970). Dominant diatoms, those species with a relative abundance greater than 5%, were Navicula atomus (6.1%), N.
_cryptocechala (6.7%), Nitzschia amuhibia (6.1%), N fonticola
. (8.3%), and N. frustulum var. vernusilla (8.3%) (see Table 3.7).
Green algae (Chlorophyta) and blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) l were also present in the samples. Sticeoclonium sp. (6.7%) was the only representative of the green algae, while four blue-green
! algae species, comprising 18.9% of the total community, were identified. Anacystis montana (7.2%) and Lyigbya sp. (5.0%) were the dominant blue-green algae.
Diatoms also dominated the periphyton community at the downstream sampling area in August 1972, comprising 94% of the l community. Seventy-three species belonging to 17 diatom genera, l . mostly pennate, were found. The green algae (0.3%) were represented by one species and the blue-green algae (5.9%) by two species.
3.21 i
TABLE 3.,.7. - ._
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF PTP!PHYTTC ALCAL TAXA IN THe it ?_.7No15 R1 Vf R .
AucOST 30t_}972 JANUAPY 26, 1913 UP6 T RfAM (A) IQWNSTAEAM (8) Jtat'on 1 Station 7 .
RELATIVE RELATIVE 0
hl 31VE PE.ATIVE TAkON A B UND ANCE {%)O ADUNDANCE (61 ABUNDANCE (%) ABUNDANOC (%)
SACI LLARIOk HYT A (DIATOMS)
Achnathes emique 0.3 A. Jonesolate 2.8 0.7 K. minutissima 2.8 1.0 Kephore ovalis 0.3
- k. ovalis v. pedieutus 3.2 1.3 K. perpusille 0.6 0.3 Boeconeas diminuta 0.6 0.3
- c. pediculOs 1.3 1.92
- 4. TseintuTe o 1.6 0.96 cymbella prostrata 0.7 C. ve n t ri ct s a 0.7 5 atoma anceps 2.2 0.7 D. tenue v. elongatum 0.3
- 6. M 6ere 0.3 E21themas sp. 0.3 fragaleris crotonesis 1.3 F. intermedia 0.3 P. pinnata 1.7 1.3 F. vaucherte. 7.44
- f. spp. 1.1 1.0
$omphonema acaminatum v.
trigonocephals 0.3 1.96 4.79 C. angustatum 0.3
- 5. bohema eum 0.3
- 5. Ianceolata v. insignis 0.3
- 5. olivaeeum 2.s 3.0
- 6. garvulum ~ 2.2 2.3 Byroslama scalproides 0.7 C. spenceria 0.3 Relosira banderana 0.7 M.
R. granulata 1.3 .
a s l a nd i c_a_ 0.7 M. variana 0.6 1.3 Navicula accomoda 1.0 N. atomJs 6.1 2.3 E. canelas 1.3 E. confervecea 1.7 3.6 R. eryptoce/Eala 6.7 4.6 11.65 IS.34 E. cuspidata 0.3 E. exigua R. grecaloides 1.1 3.3 3.03 R. heuflert 2.2 1.3 N. Integr_a 0.3 N. mutica 4.6 R. muttea v. sticea 2.3 E. mutaen v. tropace 2.2 1.3 N. mutica v. undulata 0.6 E. nethe 1.0
- 0. oblongata 0.3 E. pygmaea 0.7 R. radiosa 43.14 20.14 R. thynchocephala 3.92 1.92 R. tripunctata 0.6 2.0 5.08 10.54
~N. tripunctate v.
schisonemondes 0.7 N. varndula g 0.7 E. vitabun3a 0.6 1.3 N. sonont 1.1 0.3 R. app. 3.3 4.3 Neidium dubiun 0.3 Nataschia am6Eibia 6.1 0.7 N. angustate 1.3 .
R. apaculata 1.0 R. clausta 4.9 R. Iissipata 0.3 16.30 H. filiformas 1.1 3.6 1.96 4.79 N. fonticola 8.3
- 8. frustuigt v. gerpusilla- B.3 2.0
- h. bungarica 0.7 N. incrustans 0.3 i
l accliected from natural substrates. '
bCollected from artificial sulstrate samplers.
- nm
TABLE 3.L(Cont'd) _
ALCUST 30, 1972 JANUARY 26, 197) 9 UP&T REAM (A) DOu/N$7 PL AP ($) Jggen 1 ytpgn .
PILATIVE RELATIVE PELATlVE DE1.AT2VE ABVNDANOC (%) ABUNDANCE (4) ABUNDANOR (%) ASUNDANOT (1)
TR,N, 0.96 N. !$neeris 6.71 E. galca E. yarHosa 1.0 E. parvuTT 1.3 E. recta ' O.3 E. trybisonella 1.3 E. spp. 3.92 2.14 5pephore martyi 0.7 Pinnularia sp. 1.1 Phoscosphente curvete 2.8 2.3 7484 5urirelle angustate 3.6 3.f2 1.25 S. ovalis E. oveta 1.6 Jnedra seus 5 0.3 E. ulna 0.6 2.3 1.96 E. ulna v. ogsrhyehus 1.0 fabeT arie Ilocculose 0.6 Diatom pelative Abundance 74.7 93.8 100.0 92.33 Number of Diatom 11 14 Tama 30 73 CM14ROPM TA (CREEN A14AE) 5tigeoetonium op. 6.1 0.3 Creet Algae Pelative 0 6.7 0.3 0 Abs.3ance Numbei of Green Algae 1 0 0 Tama 1 CY ANOP HYT A (SLUL-CREEN A14AE)
Anaeystis montena 7.2
'yngbya aeruoanea-caerulea 3.9 1.0
- nb a op. 5.0 7.67 ,
i set storiq limosa
- Phorwidium tenue 2.8 P. rettaa 4.9 Blue-green Algae Pelative Abundance it.9 5.9 0 7.67 Number Cf Blue-green Algae Tama 4 2 0 1 Total Relative Abundance 100.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Algae Tama 35 76 11 1$
acollected from natural substrates.
bCollected from artificial substrate samplers.
3.23
The community was highly diverse since no species dominated the samples. Differences in periphyton community structure between ,
upstream and downstream stations may have been due to a variety of factors, including the age of the community, substrate type, current velocity, water quality, and light penetration.
Periphyton samples of January 26, 1973, were taken from artificial periphyton samplers placed in the river on October 26, 1972. Only diatoms were present at Station 1 Lnd all 11 species were pennate forms. Navicula radiosa was the most dominant species, comprising over 43% of the community. Other dominant species were Fragilaria vaucheriae (7.8%), Navicula cryntocenhala (17.65%),
N tripunctata (5.88%), and Rhoicoschenia curvata (7.84%).
Diatoms (14 pennate species representing 5 genera) also dominated the periphyton community at Station 7 in January 1973, comprising 92% of the population. Navicula radiosa was again dominant, but exhibited a reduced relative abundance, 20.14%,
compared with Station 1 (see Table 3 7 ). Other dominant diatoms included N. cryntocechala (15.34%), N Tripunctata (10.54%),
Nitzschia dissinata (16.3%), and H. palea. The blue-green algae were represented by one species, Oscillatoria limosa (7.67%).
Periphyton samples from both sampling station in August 1972 and January 1973 were dominated by pennate diatoms chiefly belonging to the genera Navicula and Nitzschia. Green algae and blue-green algae were often present but were rarely dominant.
August 1972 samples were characterized by relatively large numbers 3.24
of sub-dominant. species, forming a diverse periphyton community.
In contrast, January 1973 samples were dominated by a few species.
This difference in composition and diversity is probably due more to the type of sampling than the season. Differences between stations on the seme sampling date are probably due to a variety of factors, including substrate differences between the natural substrates (August 1972 only) and differences such as current velocity, light intensity, and water quality. Natural substrates may support different periphyton species and abundance than artificial substrates (Battelle 1975).
Table 3 8 lists the abundance of benthos collected in August 1972 from two locations in the Illinois River (see Figure 3.5). Pollution-tolerant tubificids were the most common organisms.
~
An average of four organisms per sample is very small. The paucity of benthos from these river locations is probably due to the sandy substrate noted there (NALCO 1974). Sandy substrate is generally rated poor habitat for benthic organisms.
A total of 143 organisms representing 15 genera were collected from 12 locations (see Figure 3.5) on the Illinois River in October 1972. Four genera of Oligochaeta comprised nearly 54% of the total (see Table 3.9).,
Six genera of dipterans (flies) were collected, mostly from Location 10. Other genera representing mayflies, snails, clams, stoneflies, and flatworms were also collected. The ephemeropteran, Stenonema sp., comprised 15%
of the total number of organisms collected during October 1972.
3.25
O 'O' '
h i
TABLE 3.8 .
NUMBERS OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS COLLECTED FROM THE .
ILLINOIS RIVER, AUGUST - 30, 1972 ,
. UPSTREAM (STATION A) REPLICATES TAXA A
_ _B. _C_ MEAN RANGE.
Total' Benthos 4 3~- 3 3.3 :3-4 Tubificidae I
Immature, without capilliform chaetae 1 1 1 I m ture, with capilliform chaetae 0 1 ,1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 1 0 0 L. cervix 1 0 0'
_L. udekemianus 1 1 0 Nematoda 0 0 1 Y
to
, os DOWNSTREAM i
(STATION B) REPLICATES TAXA A, B_ C_ MEAN RANGE ,
l-r Tota 1 Benthos 8 2 5 5- 2-8 I ,
i Tobificidae l Innature, without capilliform chaetae 1~ l 4 l
Immature, with..capilliform chaetae 1 0 0 '
( Limnodrilus cervix" 0 1 1 L. udekemianus 2 0 0 l Chironomidae ,
l Dicrotendipes 3 0 0 0
Orthocladius 1 0 l .
l l
f a . 4 3 4 ,
TABLE 3 9 NUMBERS OF BEi_ITilIC ORGANISMS COLLECTED FROM 1972_
12 STATIONS ON THE ILLINOIS RIVER ON OCTOBER 25, RELATIVE ADUNDANCE STATION _ 12 TOTAL (t) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 TAXA 1 2 3 2 1.40 2
DIPTERA (Flics) I 1 70 Atherix variegata 2 1.40 ,
Cricotopins sp. 1 I 3 2.10 2 1 Cryptochironomus sp. 2 1.40 2
Glyptotendipes sp. 2 1.40 Pentaneura sp. 2 Polypedilum sp.
15.38 22 EPilEMEROPTERA (Mayflies) 9 10 2 1 3
1 Stenonema sp. '
15 10.49 GASTPOPODA (snails) 5 6 2 2 Ferrissia sp.
6 12 45 31.47 OLIGOCHAETA _ (segmented worms) 11 2 9 14 9.79 5 3 2 4
~ Aulodrilus spp. 4 1
3 14 9.79 Limnedrilus sp. 5 3 3 2.80 3 4 Peloscolex spp. I Ilyodrilus sp.
7 7 4.90 PELECYPODS (clams)
Sphaerium sp.
1 .70 PLECOPTERA (Stoneflies) I
~ Isoperla sp.
9 6.29 TURDELLARIA_ (Flatworms) 3 4 2 Dugesia sp. 30 143 20 11 0 19 16 0 TOTAL 3 0 17 20 1 f
1 - - -
Locations void of organisms during October 1972 included 2, 8, and 11. Location 12 provided more organisms, primarily 011gochaetes, .
than any other station.
In January 1973, a total of 658 organisms representing 20 genera were collected from the Illinois River stations. Four genera and immature 011gochaeta comprised 91% of the total population density (see Table 3.10). Ten dipteran genera were collected, mostly from Location 3 Other genera of mayflies, beetles, snails, caddisflies, and flatworms were collected in lesser numbers Locations 2, 5, 6, and 11 were void of organisms in January 1973. More benthic organisms, primarily Aulodrilus spp.,
were collected from Station 3 than from any other station.
Location 12 also had large numbers of 011gochaetes (see Table 3.10). .
The benthic organisms in the Illinois River study area were generally confined to the shallow bank areas. Few if any were found in the deeper mid-water channel. Durir t both surveys, a total of only four organisms was found in the mid-channel, one in October 1972 and three in January 1973 The lack of benthos in the mid-channel may have been due to reduced periphyton popula-tions at the deeper mid-channel stations, water current, poor ,
substrate, or scouring of the bottom from barge traffic. Large numbers of 011gochaeta caught at Statiori 3 and 12 account for the increased numbers of organisms found along the ncrth bank during the January survey.
011gochaetes, the most numercur benthic species found in the river during both surveys, were followed in abundance by
)
3.26
~
f
^
__. ' . ; g -~ . e
.i TABLE 3.'10-NUMBERS OF BE!TTHIC ORGANISMS COLLECTED 'FROM 12
- STATIONS ON THE ILLINOIS RIVER ON JA'IUARY 24, 19731 RELATIVE- .
ABUNDANCE' TAXA STATION. 1- 2 .'3 4 5 -6 7- 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL. (1)
COLEOPTERA :(Beetles)
Stenelmis sp.. I 1 0.15 i DIPTERA (Flies)
Atherix variegata 8 8 1.22.
Cricitopus-spp. 5 1 1 1 .8 , 1.22'-
Cryptochironomus cpp. 2' l' 3 U.46 Diplocladius sp. I 1 0.15 Orthocladius'spp. L' 1 0.15 Pentaneuri sp., 7 7 1.05 Polypedilum sp. 1 'll 12 l'.82 (g Psectocladius.ap. . I 1 0.15
+ .Unident. Orthocladiinae I 1 1 0.15 1
hj Unident. OrthocladiinaeLII 2 1 3 0.46 j EPHEMEPOPTERA (Mayflies) ,
.Stenonema sp. I 1 2 1 0 0.76 ,
, GASTROPODA (Snails) i Ferrissia sp.. 1 1 2 4 0.61 ,
OLIGOCHAETA - (segmented worms) .
Aulodrilus spp. 4 299 1 2 27 333 50.67 Ilyodrilus spp. 2 1 3 0.46 ,
17 144 173 Limnodrilus sr' 9 1 2 26.23 4
Potamothrix sp, -
2 2 0.30 .
j Immature w/o cap.lliform chaeta 5 35 2 46 88 13.37 "
TRICIIOPTERA1(Caddisflies) +
i Hydreisyche sp. I 1 0.15 TURBELLARIA (Flatworm) .
- Dugesia sp.. l' 1 ,
1 3 0.46 ;
i ,
j TOTAL :- 5 0'.372 35'5 E 3 E 4 5 218 658 4
- .- . , -- + . . , . -
chironomids. These findings compare well with the data presented in Mills ot, al. (1966). 011gochaetes are common in mud and ,
debris of streams, lakes, ponds, and stagnant pools. They feed on bottom mud. detritus, and algae. Aulodrilus spp. and Limnodrilus spp., the +.wo most commonly found oligochaetes, were located mainly at the stations where mud and silt comprised a large portion of the substrate.
Chironomids or midges (Diptera) occur in all freshwater aquatic environments. They can vary in numbers from solitary organisms to over 50,000 individuals per square meter (Pennak 1953).
Midge larvae are one of the most important food items for both young and adult fishes. Starrett and Paloumpis (unpublished) huve found that midge larvae were more abundant in fish stomachs -
than in their benthic collections (Mills et al. 1966). ,
Mills et al. have desucibed the general biological characteristics of the Illinois River in 1966 end noted the decline of diversity in benthic organisms compared to earlier reports.
Populations in 1965 were predominantly tubificid wores. Below Beardstown (in the Alton Pool) mayfly nymphs (Hexagen.i.a,) and fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae) were noted, but here also tubificid worms were abundant. A once-flourishing population of 36 kinds of mussels reported in the upper Illinois River from 1870 to 1900 has been virtually eliminated by pollution. Dredging of the ,
channel to maintain navigability for barge traffic, and high turbidity contribute to prevent establishment of a more stable benthic community.
3.30 l
4.0 FISHERY INFOR!MTION 4.1 Historical Changes in the vish Pneulations of tna I]linois River I Historical accounts indicate that, prior to 2871, the Illinois River was highly productive of fish especially in the middle and lower sections cf the river below Hennepin (river mile 208). These sectient were and still are the most productive because, below Hennepin, the Illinois River follows a large valley within which it has developed lateral levee lakes, side channels, backwaters, and mershes which provide excellent habitat for fish.
In 1871, the flow of the Chicago River was reversed in order to conduct sanitary wastes from the city of Chicago away from Lake Michigan, which served as the drinking water supply for the city. The polluted waters of the Chicago River were directed through the Illinois-Michigan Canal, which was completed in 18hB, into the Des Plaines River and utimately into the Illinois. The effect of the polluted water on the fishes of.the Kankakee and Illinois Rivers was dramatic, causing large and extensive fish kills ' Nelson 1878),
Tne carp, Cyprinus carnio,, was inti'oduced into the Illinois River in 1885, from an European stock which had been brought into the United' States a few years earlier. The carp population increased extremely rapidly. From 1894 to 1897, the yield of native fishes dropped 22.2 percent, attesting to the importance of carp (Forbes and Richardson 1919) By 1898, the carp catch exceeded the value of all other commercial fish from
- the !1.'inois River (Thompson 1928).
I 4.1
In-2000 the c anitary tini Sh!p Canni '1n 'p"n'd nt Chienca, connectinc tha Den Thin,r nnd 1211n'ia 71 vers *ith .
lake F40hig9n. ' Inn "nna] wnc uned to f3urh munie!r'n*< nnd indur-f-
trial wa-tes int? th" 31'innis 94"9e r stem. The quantity and cun31tv of t.hir. di v'rt i e tar hnd n 3 n ce. 3 impnnt +n t e I'lin4 n Rivar. Tyre w9r nn nvarne,n rice-in wnter ~ 'av'3" nt Ha"nnn ~f [;
P.P, feet, nni du"5ne tha nnrmn3 inw P3** na"ioi b'tu"an .'urm :,
nnd ': ante rber' tha r i r, a 'nc $ . I' feet '%rher r 1 i c h' rd r an 3 03 0 ' .
An e vacult tho tra" 3
- n > ni nne, the riv
- reti 7a t$d 1
- vi nn '"nr i
~
of dond treen h'"d o ri n" the river. >+ 'a"t 50 t.W ~ 1"- l .
Jnnned in the 3 W)' r .
Initin'3" 'h4 di"er^imo hnd "n ' S en * "171 n ] af f-t 'v i
increasing th" curfna, n*n if *n ' er in 3 nP < nni Snelun*srr , ,
whic h nrps cant.1 v inn" v,d *r f$rhery. .fi'e n nr e"v 4 *- t 9 " 3 'r, c .
h3"ev7r, 99 tha r-330td"n Jnai insven*Ti. r41**m]1v 3~! dirc 4voi l'
orvg?n 3eyels oc cu n p i -"i fn"ther nnd fsrthar d?"nr4.e7* w1ih detriment,] effectr a n fond orp,rnisns nni fi c /"!:nnrir?n 10'1).
l
-/ noth?r mn.4 +r impn e t on the lilj n ni n P'ver a n th ?-
3: 2 sveeing and drnininc of Mttem]nni n rons , t ri~.n ril" in *.h i c'ri'i 1903-10M. The r9du"ti-cn in' ba chi n te r n "* n r and SStt'nni ink
- resulted.in.n ruduction of wild?!fe and fish 59hitnt.
In tha J on 's hi r,h r.3 v $ r n t i nr; riwn ' m r $ ~ nrtructoi at ;
Dvarde n , V9 tno113 8 t n ev a d - 49:k nnd En ;rnnr'. ~'h n nn v i "
- T9n- ;
l~ dams t*mpornr13" in-""nn' din:Mv'd nyfr?n_1av7'- ne th' wat'r ;
o On*Ea" nV"r Pnd throu".h tm danr 'Mi]3r. ':1,q v r 7 t *- n n i ' ' e n r ' !
I 19 T1 I . !'tnrratt / 3 T* ] 1 jnii'ntai t, hn t ihn rai Ja *.i'n 'T *niAT div Sr91 Sn f r *m I ni's i +hirnn in in? -t h s ' '
Nr",~~ murt i
),> . n a
l:. l J. . .
limited the amount of water that could be diverted from Lake Michigan to a yearly average of 42.48 m3 /sec.) coupled with the higher dams on the river have resulted in a decrease of average
.. current velocity. Pools behind navigation dams on the upper river have filled with oxygen demanding sediment (Butts 197h).
Starrett (1971) felt that the increase in sluggishness of the river and the increased planting of row crops in the Illinois basin have made siltation in the last 30 years an impor-tant factor adversely affecting the survival of mussels and other organisms in the Illinois River and its bottomland lakes. So it physically removes habitat by filling in areas.
The increased berge traffic /Starrett 1972) associ-ated with *he improved navigation channel increases the turbid-ity of the rtver. The turbulence produced in mid channel, as well as the wt 3hing action along shore, resuspende sediment, there-by increasing the turbidity. The washing action along the shore may have a detriuental effect on benthic organisms and fishes that make nests in shallow water, such as sunfishes. Sparks and Starrett (1975) indicate that turbidity levels in bottomland lakes and backwaters along the Illinois River are witnin the ranges tha.L reduce fish production. Buck (1956) found that the decline in production in turbid ponds resulted from a decline in both reproduction and growth.
Starrett (1972) reported that during the past 100 years, 121 species of fieh have been collected frcm the Illinois River and its many bottomland lakes. Between 1957 and 1970, 101 species are known to have been collected from these waters, and 20 species are presumed to nave been eliminated from 1903 to i
4.3
l 1970. One exotic species, the goldfish (Carassius auratus), was not present in the Illinois River prior to 1903 (Lopinot 1968). ,
In 1894, the total commercial catch in the Illinois River was '
less than 6 million pounds; the total catch in 1908 was about '
24 million pounds (Mills, Starrett and Belrose 1966). The over-stimulated commercial fishing industry and the detrimental
~
aspects of carp behavior placed stress on the native fish popu-lations. Increased industrial and municipal pollution, drainage of many bottomland lakes, increased sedimentation and increased turbidity elso contributed to the decline of the native fishery. .
Although catfish seem to benefit from turbid waters
' because it provides protection from predators most game cpecies are detrimentally affected by these conditions. Sunfishes prefer to construc,t nests on firm substrates rather than mud. TF11r eggs and fry are probably more susceptible to smothering by sed- '
iment than those of catfish and rough fish. The disappearance of yellow perch from the Illinois River and its bottomland lakes is probably also associated with the disappearance of the plant beds and clean sandy or pebbly bottoms the perch use for spawning.
In 1964, carp was the only species that occurred
- abundantly throu6hout the river (Mills et al 1966). Despite its relative- tolerance for pollution, carp in the Illinois River, particularly- upstream- of Beardstown, exhibit length-depth ratios greater than tnree, malformed heads and gill covers and fin rot (Mills .
et al 196',. Disappearance of fingernail clams and low dissolved oxygen are the factors suggested / Mills et al 1966) to explain
-the small size of carp in the middle and upper Illinois River.
4.h
The once abundant growth mf aquatic plants along the Illinois River and its lakes has all but disappeared (Illinois Water Sur-vey 1972). Increased turbidity and rising water levels combined with unknown factors have concributed to the eradication of this vegetation, which is important as food for certain waterfowl and as a habitat for fish.
Forbes and Richardson (1913) reported the status of the entire Illinois River fishery for 1911 and 1912. No fish were present at the Des Plaines River mouth. In the Morris-to-Marseilles section, a few fish were present in the vicinity of tributary stream mouths during cooler seasons; however, in summer, all fish appeared to move up tributaries. Below the Marseilles Dam, in the Peoria pool, small populations of carp, bullhead, and shiners were found. Gizzard shad, redhorse, carp, bullhead, and bass were collected slightly downstream in the Ottawa-Starved Rock area.
Food organisms, such as mussels and macrocrustaceans, were also found. The diversity of fish food organisms increased downstream to Spring Valley. Moving farther downstream in the Peoria pool, from Hennepin to Fenry, suckers, crappie, warmouth, and bluegill were collected, but large catfish and buffalo were lower in numbers than upstream.
Low flows from 1962 to 1964 and consequent low oxygen levels and reduced dilution of toxic wastes, apparently are responsible for the decline during the same period of game species such largemouth bass, crappies, and bluegill. Catches of these
~
species showed recoveries following :he high-water period 1971-1973 In 1h yer.rs of electrofishing, covering the period 1959-197h, the largest numbers of the folloNing species were abtained h.5
in 1974, following the high-water period; black crappie, white crappie,- flathead catfish, white bass, bluegill, bigmouth buffalo ,
and black buffalo (Sparks and Starrett 1975). High water increasa. -
s the space available for spawning activities of fish that build t
nests in shallow waters and the amount of protected habitat ,
available for juvenile fish, in shallow, flooded areas and around brush and tree stumps. Higher oxygen levels have occurred in the ,
Illinois River in association with high flows, with beneficial effects on fish and fish food organisms.
In October 1976, the President of the United States signed a bi:1 which will allow a greater diversion of water from Lake Michigan to the Illinois River waterway for a five year period. The exact amount of diversion the Illinois River will receive and the biologica.'. effects has not yet been determined.
4.2 Commarcial Fishing The commercial and sport fisheries in the Illinois River have generally declined from levels around the turn of the century (Sparks and Starrett 1975). The decline is attributable to a loss of habitat and increasing pollution. Habitat was lost.
due to leveeing and draining of bottomland areas in the period 1903-1926 and due to Sedimentation in the remaining areas. Sedi-mentation has resulted in undesirable habitat modification, as well as habitat reduction.
In spite of' the improvement in the electrofishing ,
catch in 1973 and 1974, apparently due to high water levels in 1971-1973, th) commercial catch of fish in the Illinois River continued its historia decline in the 1970's. Depending on 4.6
whether the Illinois Department of Conservation figures or the 4
National Marine Fisheries Service statistics are used, the catch
- tell under 1 million pounds in 1971 or 1972 (Sparks and Starrett 1975) and has remained below 1 million pounds through 1975 i (Table 4.1).
Since 1950, carp, buffalo and catfish have comprised *
^
the majority of the commercial fish catch from the Illinois !
Waterway (Sparks and Starrett 1975). carp and buffalo species accounted for 82 9d of the commercial catch for the four year period, 1972 through 1975 (87.4, 82 5, 82.4 and 79 2 respectively) while catfish specira comparison 10.2T of the catch during the .
same period (8.3, 11 3, 9.h and 11.6 respectively). carp and buffalo are rough fish with toe majority of the catch being used in pet food and fertilizer production. The only game fish com-mercial fishermen seem to be actively seeking is catfish.
The number of commercia' fishermen utilizing the Illinois River has decreased in the -last twenty-five years (Table 4.2 ). In 1950 there were 106 full-time fishermen and 169 part-time fishermen while in 1975 there was only 1 full-time fisherman and 34 part-tima fishermen.. ,
?
- l k.7 i
l
Table 4.1 Reported catch in pounds of fish taken from Illinois !
River by Illinois commercial fishermen in 1972-1975, as reported by the Illinois Department of Conservation .
I11inois Riy er Kind of Fish 1972 1973 1974 1975 Carp 310,780 212,953 263,164 214,196 ,
r Buffalo- 260,312 117,828 207,764 161,149 Drum 16,910 7,239 4,929 13,601 Catfish 54,261 45,429 53,675 54,972 Bu11 heads. 6,620 15.113 25,036 14,358 Sturgeon -- 100 --
20 Paddlefish 3,123 807 16,365 3,438 White Carp 600 600 190 5,550 Suckers -- 200 -- 1,020 .
Gars -- -- -- 3,240 Bowfin 600 500 -- 2,100 ,
Mooneye (a) -- 2 --
100 Eel -- --
35 6 Crappies -- -- -- --
Y. Pe'rch -- -- -- --
Grass Carp (b) ( b 'i - (b) 135 ,
TOTAL- 653,206 400,771 571,158 473,885 -
(a) Mooneye also includes Goldeye (b) Orass Carp not included .
~
4.8
.- --_=..-.-;._.. . - - = - . - . . _ - - - . . _ . _ - . - . . , - , - , _ _ . - . . , . .
. .. . . - .. ----- = -.--- - - - . .
l b
- s ,
I 4
I i
T&ble 4.2 - Reported number of full-time and part-time commercial fishermen _acti/ely engaged in Illinois River fishing !
from 1950 to:-1975 (only-those fishermen were included i
in this or following tables who had purchased tags or licenses for five er nore nets.)
Type of .. .
.- Fisherman _
1950 1960 1970 1971 1972 1E 1974 1975 Full-time- 106 -69 22 9 13 13 15 1 ,
Part-time 169 73 46, 47 42 36, 38, M- -
TOTAL 275 142 68 56 55 69 53 35 5
f d
49
. _ , . ,,# vi,,...-- ....--_i.,. . _ , , , , . . . . . _ _ __ ,, , . _ , _ . , , , . - . . . _ , . . . . , . , . . , _ -me,._ _._,,__m_.....,,,,,__. . . - . . , _ . -
43 Introduction - Methods and ..aterials of the Preoperational Monitoring Program The fisheries field and analytical procedures described herewith is part of a five year construction phase aquatic monitor- .
4 ing program that began in 1974. Sampling techniques include electrofishing and seining in the Illinois River with collections being conducted on a quarterly basis during February, May, August and November.
- Electroshocking Electroshocking is conducted in the Illinois River at Locations 1 and 2 (Figure 4.1). Samples are collected on four consecutive days at each location. The electroshocking device used is a boat-mounted boom chocker powered by a 230 volt, A.C.,
t-. se phase generator. Sampling is conducted each day for 10 to .
20 minutes at two transects, each approximately 600 feet in length and parallel to the ahoreline. Surface water temperatures are recorded at each location on each sampling day.
Seining Seining is conducted during all four sampling periods at Locations 1 and 2 (Figure 4.1) on four consecutive days during each sampling period. A seine 50 ft. in length and 6 ft. in depth with a 0.25 inch mesh is employed in making two or three hauls at each river location.
4.3.1 Data Collection All fish collected by electroshocking are identified to species, and individual lengths (mm) and weights (g) are recorded 4.10
' I t, . Wh innoll NoticrOHQ C 4,c, 0
. . [ ',- # fi,. ,. Ch*R Pgs hate
'U-ll zey,
, ....;f ; ,cy, 'K 5
i,:.... .. ....... ."' , :.u.
w.y 6,< ,,
, i.-.-.-.-. ... ..
So, t xx >;-
- ...i.. :, -
souc,. y, l .
a j~" """ ms une up no .
...+,R..
1 ! w..:
c i q.__._..__.__.__.__.__.__.__..
1 l l'
- LEGEND l
/
g% j "'N "'*..- Sompting Locotions A. .
I Roods -sssus=
v !. \ *.l* 4'4 .I Site Boundary . ._
3
l ll l
- Power Line .-.~.
...s-.... J LL. A&- - - - - - - - - - - !t l*
I 1,
1.__./:
i
% i i
, L4..
m i.
-PLANT SITE g I
I
._ . ._ p .i scALEi '-. p- . -- .
-.-.-.-.J 66 0 0.5 i Mile 0 tooo ECoo' 3000'4000' 'Sooo*
Figure 4.1 Sampling Locations for Fish in the Illinois River near LaSalle County Station.
4.11
in the field. Fish obtained by seining at river locations are preserved in formalin, labeled and returned to the laboratory for analysis. A maxinum of ten fish of selected species collected on each day by electroshocking and by seining at river Locations 1 .
and 2, are examined for determination of sex, and the stomachs are excised and preserved for food habit hualysis. Gross exam-ination of all fish is made in the field ."or incidence of external disease, parasitism and physical abnormalities.
4.3.2 Data Analysis and Interpretation Data obtained from electroshocking is reduced to catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPE) for each species. The Student's "t" test (Steel and Torrie 1960) and a 3 x 2 (season x sampling loca-tion) factorial analysis of variance (Steel and Torrie 1960) is ,
used to investigate the H, of no significant difference in the CPE between Locations 1 and 2. Interaction of season with loca-tion is also investigated with the factorial analysis. Prior to these statistics, the data are log, transformed to stabilize the variances. Scheffe's multiple comparison procedure is used to detect specific differences following analysis of variance.
The Chi-square test (uniformly most powerful unbiased test) (Siegel 1956) is applied to the electroahocking and seining data to test for significan' differences in the catches of each species obtal: sd between Locations 1 and 2 during each sampling period. The same test is applied to electroshock 1ng and seining data to test for significant differences in the length distribu- .
tion of each species between Locations 1 and 2. Length groups are defined using estimated age classes fer each species. All i hypothesis testing is performed at P 0.05.
l
- z. n o
l Diversity indices are determined for each location during each sampling period using the equation of Brilleuin as discussed by Pielou (1966).
K-factors for body condition (an index of plumpness) are determined by spec 4es, for each location and sampling gear, using the equation described by Carlander (1969). Data for immature and adult fish are treated separately. The Mann-Whitney U Test (Siegel 1956) is used on the data to test for significant di.tferences in body condition of fishes between each river location.
Age of . fiches is determined by length frequency distri-bution (Peterson method) as discussed by Ricker '.1968), and comparison with average growth rates of fish in northeastern Illinois (Muench 1968).
N 4.13
4.4 Results and Discussion of the Preoperational Monitoring Program Out of a total of 42 species (Table a) en11ected in 1974 and 1975 at sampling Locations 1 and 2. 29 (2172 individuals) were -
collected in 1974, and 34 (1716 individuals) were collected in 1975 (Table a). One hybrid sunfish (bluegill x green sunfish) and
. cyprinid (goldfish x carp) were also collected in the river.
Twenty-one_ species were common to both sampling years.
The mest abundant species obtained in the river in order 1
of rank were the emerald shiner, gizzard shad, carp and green sunfish which comprised 49, 23, 10, and 7%, respectively, of the total river catch in 1975 and 79, 7, 8 and 2% respectively of the total river catch in 1974. ,
Species composition in the river were generally comparable .
between 1974 and 1975 with slight changes occurring among species of low abundance (Table 4.2). An overall decrease in the total. catches was observed at both sampling areas in 1975. The species which demonstrated the greatest decrease in the total river catch was the emerald shiner, whereas the gizzard shad and green sunfish demon-strated substantial increases in the river in 1975.
Electroshocking Out of a total of 30 speci s collected by electroshocking L during two years of sampling in the river, 24 were ,btained at Loca-tirn 1 and 25 at Location 2 (Table 4.3). Total CPE (catch-per-unit- .
of-effort) for 1975 was slightly higher at Location 1 than at Loca- ,
tion 2 resulting from the higher catches of gizzard shad and green l
L 4.14
Table 4.2 Species composition and abundance of fish
. collected in the Illinois River near LaSalle County Station, February - November 1975.
Number Percent of Catch Species 1975 1974 1975 1974 _
Illinois River
' Emerald shiner 83? 1724 48.5 79.4 Gizzard shad 398 155 23.2 7.1 Carp 176 168 10.3 *7 Green sunfish 126 43 7.3 2.0 White sucker 38 8 2.2 0.4 Bluntnose minnow 28 4 1.6 0.2 Goldfish 14 7 0.8 0.3 Bigmouth buffalo 12 4 0.7 0.2 Largemouth bass 11 4 0.6 0.2 River carpsucker 10 16 0.6 0.7 '
Bluegill 10 2 0.6 0.1 Smallmouth buffalo 0 9 0.5 0.4 River shiner 8 0 0.5 0.0 Steeleolor shiner 6 0 0.3 0.0 Spotfin shiner 6 1 0.3 0.0 smallmouth bass 4 3 0.2 0.1 Bullhead minnow 3 0 0.2 0.0 Common shiner 3 1 0.2 0.0 Sand shiner 3 1 0.2 0 "
Black bullhead 2 3 0.1 0.1 Qui 11back 2 1 0.1 0.0 Grass pickerel 2 1 0.1 0.0 Skipjack herring 2 2 0.1 0.1 Spottail shiner 2 0 0.1 0.0 Rock bass 1 0 0.1 0.0 L White crappie 1 0 0.1 0.0 Pumpkinseed 1 0 0.1 0.0 Orangespctned sunfish 1 0 0.1 0.0 White' bass 1 1 0.1 0.0 Redfin shiner 1 0 -
0.1 0.0 Silverjaw minnow 1 0 0.1 0.0 e Red shiner 1 0 0.1 0.0 l- Goldfish and carp hybrid 1 0 0.1 0,0 Bluegill and_ green sunfish hybrid 1 0 0.1 0.0 1 Golden shiner 0 4 0.0 0.2 Shorthcad redhorse 0 2 0.0 0.1 Fathead minnow 0 2 0.0 0.1
_. Suckermouth minnow 0 2 0.0 0.1 Blacx rappie 0 1 0.0 0.0 1.oagnose gar O 1 0.0 0.0 Northern pike 0 1 0.0 0.0 Silver redhorse 0 1 0.0 0.0 Total 1716 2172 4.15 -- -- ._
Table 4.3 Number and catch-per-unit-of-effort (fish collected per hour of electroshocking) of ecch species at .
Locations 1 and 2 near the LaSalle County Station, May - November 1974 and 1975.a
\
U Location 1 Location 2 Number L, Number CPE
- Species 1975 1974 1975 1974 1975 1974 1975 1974 Gizzard shad 241 81 81.7 21.7 152 52 51.5 13.7 Carp 105 86 35.6 25.2 70 82 23.7 20.0 Green sunfish 76 15 25.8 4.1 29 15 9.8 3.5 Emerald shiner 39 11 13.2 2.6 56 20 19.0 4.6 White sucker 5 3 37 0.7 33 5 11.2 1.2 Bigmouth buffalo 4 0 1.4 0.0 8 4 2.7 1. 3 -
River carpsucker 5 7 1.7 1.7 5 9 1.7 2.4 Goldfish 5 2 1.7 0.6 9 5 3.1 1.1 Smallmouth buffclo 2 1 0.7 0.2 6 8 2.0 1.8 Bluegill 3 0 1.0 0.0 5 1 1.7 0.2 Largemouth bass 1 0 0.3 0.0 4 1 1.4 0.2 Smallmouth bass 3 2 1.0 0.4 0 1 0.0 0.2 Bluntnose minnow 0 1 0.0 0. 2 , 3 1 1.0 0.2 .
Black bullhead 2 2 0.7 0.5 0 1 0.0 0.2 Quillback 1 0 0.3 0.0 1 1 0.3 0.2 Grnss pickerel 1 1 0.3 0.2 1 0 0.3 0.0 -
Skipjack herring 0 1 0.0 0.2 2 1 0.7 0.2 Whi'e bass 1 0 0.3 0.0 0 1 0.0 0.2 Common shiner 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.3 0.0 Orangespotted sunfish 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.3 0.0 Pumpkinseed 1 0 0.3 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 White crappie 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.3 0.0 Golden shiner 0 1 0.0 0.2 0 1 0.0 0.2 Shorthead redhorse 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 2 0.0 0.5 Northern pike 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.0 0.2 Fathead minnow 0 1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 Silver redhorse 0 1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 Longnose gar 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.0 0.3 Bluegill x green aunfish hybrid 1 0 0.3 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Goldfish x carp hybrid 1 0 0.3 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Total Number 497 216 387 213 Total CPE 168.3 58.9 131.0 52.4 a
Represents the average of three periods (May, August and t2ovember). ,
4.16
sunfish at Location 1. During 1974 CPE was generally comparable for each species between River Locations 1 and 2. The highest CPE values were recorded for carp and gizzard shad at both locations. In combination, these two species comprised 70 end 57 percent of the total CPE at Locations 1 and 2, respectively in 1975 and 80 and 64 percent respectively in 1974. Other investigators (Sparks and Starrett
. 1975, Stinauer 1974) also reported carp and gizzard shad as being the most abundant species collected by electroshocking in the Marseilles Pool of the Illinois River. Sparks and Starrett further noted these two species were abundant in the collections in all pools of the river.
~
As noted by Sparks and Starrett, and as evident during the present study, catch results on gizzard shed underestimate their actual abundance in the river. The average catch-effort for carp as reported by Sparks and Starrett for the Marseilles pool during the period 1959-1974 and during the present site-specific study were similar, whereas gizzard shad catches were noticeably higher during the present study.
The total number of species collected in the river by electroshocking, was similar in 1974 and 1975 (Table 4.3). Total CPE values were substantially higher at both locations in 1975 than in 1974; gizzard abad, green sunfish, and emerald shiners accounted l
l for most of the increase at both locations. A noticeably higher l
- CPE value was noted for carp at Location 1 and white sucker at Location 2 in 1975 than in 1974. The high catches of gizzard shad
! at both locations in 1975 were mostly represented by young-of-the-l .
year individuals.
1 4.17
Higher CPE values were observed at Locations 1 and 2 in 1975 than in 1974 during each sea:sonal period (Figure 4.2). The most apparent differences in CPE values between the two years were -
noted in August. The species showing the greatest increase in CPE .
at both locations in August was gizzard shad, cost of which were young-of-the-year individuals (Table 4.4). Species showing the highest increases in CPE values at both locations in May 1975 were green sunfish and emerald shiner, and carp at Location 1. A noticeably higher CPE value was recorded at Location 2 in November 1975 than during the same period in 1974; gizzard shad accounted for most of the increase.
The generally greater individual and species assemblages observed in the CPE data were reflected in the higher diversity indices recorded for Locations 1 and 2 in 1975 than in 1974 during May and November (Patulski 1975). Lower diversity indices recorded at -
both locations in August 1975 than in 1974 were attributed to the high percent abundance of gizzard shad in the August catches in 1975 which were not as evident in 1974. As noted by Pielou (1966), the more species there are and the more nearly even the representation, the greater the diversity.
K-factor values calculated for fish obtained at Locations 1 and 2 were generally similar during 1974 and 1975 (Patulski 1975)
(Tables 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 and 4.8). Greatest variability between years occurred among species of which only a few individus's were rep-resented, in which case those comparisons were not considered a reliable index of the real differences in body condinon which exist.
4.18
~
, ~ LOCATION I LOCATION 2 250 - '
200 -
~
f l 15 0 -
= -
/
t / r
/ /
' ~
I I
- / /
7 / /
/ / /
/ / 7 / -
50 - P w?
- l
/ / s / / 7 l
1975 1974 1975 1974 1975 1974 MAY AUGUST NOVEM BER Figure 4.2 Fish collected per hour of electroshocking at Locations 1 and 2 during each sampling period near the LhSalle County Station, 1974 and 1975.
l
- . 4.19
Table 4.4 Abundance of the most common species of fish collected in the Illinois River during each sampling period near the LaSalle I Cranty Station, 1974 and 1975.
August November February May August November
! February May 1975 1975 1975 1974 1974 1974 1974 1975 Location Species 33,o 0,9 205,0 44,7 Gizzard shad b o.7 31.3 .
1(Electroshock)a - 34.7 12.0 16.0 - 70.9 19.0 3.8 Carp 7.0 - 41.9 24.0 3.8 0.0 5.3 to Green sunfish -
2.7 1.0 - 18.8 11.0 7.7 Emerald shiner - 4.0 2.0 0.0
- 1.3 0.7 0.0 - 2.6 White sucker 0.0
$ River carpsucker - 1.3 2.7 1.0 - 3.4 '1.0 28 143 44 12 37 Emerald shiner 411 26 198 0 1 (seine) 4 1 5 9 3 1
Green sunfish 4 19.0 - 0.9 86.0 83.0 3.4 18.7 2 (Electroshock) Gizzard shad -
16.0 13.0 - 35.9 11.0 21.7 Carp
- 31.0 6.4 8.0 1.0 - 20.5 27.0 Emerald shiner - 4.8 6.4 8.7 1.0 - 18.8 2.0 Green sunfish - 0.7 0.0 2.0 1.0 - 2.6 30.0 White sucker
- 0.7 1.3 3.3 4.0 - 2.6 1.0 River carpsucker - 0.0 89 72 42 221 166 624 18 299 2 (Seine) Emerald shiner 2 0 0 3 1 0 0 Green sunfish 1 a values represent the number of fish collected per hour of electroshocking.
b Not sampled.
Table 4.5 K-factor for body condition of adult and juvenile fish by sex, collected by electroshocking at Locations 1
( and 2 near the LaSalle County Station,10-13 November 1975
~~
Mean Species Number Maturity Sex K-factor Location 1 carp 2 Adult Male 1.51 1 Adult Female 1.39 a 1.07 Gizzard shad 10 Adult 25 Juvenile - 1.12 Green sunfish 2 Adult Female 2.56 Location 2
, Carp 11 Adult Male 1.38 6 Adult Female 1.47 Gizzard shad 13 Adult - 1.00 37 Juvenile - 1.09 Green sunfish 1 Adult Male 1.80 1 Adult Female 1.80 2 Juvenile - 1.50 Bigmouth Buffalo 4 Adult - 1.69 Sex not determined.
4.21
1 l
l Table 4.6_ t K-factor for body condition of adult and juvenile fish by sex .
collected by electroshocking at Locations 1 and 2 near the LaSalle County Station, 14-16 May 1974 Mean Soecies N umbe r Maturity Sex K-factor Location 1 Carp 18 Adult Male 1.52 Carp 9 Adult Female 1.52 .
Carp 3 Juvenile - 1.26 Goldfish 1 Adult Female 1.03 Gizzard shad 1 Adult - 0.82 White sucker 1 Adult Fe male 1.19 NVhite sucker 1 Juvenile - 1.06 Silver redhorse 1 Adult Male 1.18 River carpsucker 1 Adult Male 0.99 -
River carpsucker 1 Juvenile Male 1.12 b - 1.19 Black bullhead 1 - ,
Location 2 Carp 13 Adult Male 1.15 16 Adult Fe male 1,62 Carp Carp 1 Juve nile - 1.63 Goldfish 4 Adult Male 2.13 Goldfish 1 Juvenile - 1.61 Gizzard shad 1 A d ul'. Male 0.61 Glzzard shad 1 Adult Fe male 1.16 White bass 1 Adult Male 1.46 Juvenile 1,39 Smallmouth buffalo 1 White sucker 1 Juvenile - . 19 Shorthead redhorse 1 - - 1.29
- Cex not determined, b Maturity not deter mined. .
4.22
Table 4.7 K-factor for body condition of adult and juvenile fish by sex collected oy electroshocking at Locations 1 and-2 near the LaSalla County Station, 19-22 August 1974.
Mean Species Number . Maturity Sex K-factor Location l-Carp 9 Adult Male 1.50 4 Adult Female 1.55 Green sunfish 1 Adult Male 1. C 3 Adult Female 2.22 2 Juvenile h 2.04 Gizzard shad: 23 Adult - 1.12
, Smallmouth bass 2 fuvenile - 1.40 l Location 2-Carp 8 Adult Male 1.49
, 7 - Adult Fe ma le- 1.49-o 2 Juvenile - 1.62 Green sunfish 6 Adult Male 2.69 3 Adult Fema le . Z. 27
" Gizzard shad 23 Adult - 1.10 Smallmouth bass 1 Juvenile - 1.22 h-l ~ " Sex not determined, i-
[
4 l* 'a 4.23 V
1 i
i l
T6ble 4.8 I 4 i
K-factor for body condition of adult and juvenile fish -
by sex collected by electroshocking at Locations 1 and 2 near the LaSalle County Station, 12-15 November 1974
( ,
Mean ,
j Species Number Maturity Sex K-factor 1
Location 1 Carp 5 Adult Male 1.38 11 Adult Fe male 1.40 Green sunfish 6 Juvenile -
2.12 Gizzard shad 31 Adult -
1.05 2 Juvenile -
1.58 Location 2 Carp 9 Adult Male 1.42 v; 4 Adult Female 1.38 Gizzo.d shad- 17 Adult -
1.07 2 Juvenile - 1,57 Bigmouth buffalo 4 b 1.62 River carpsucker 4 - -
1.30
" Sex not determined, b Maturity not determined.
e 4.24 l
)
During the 1974 study, K-factors indicated that adult gizzard shad were more plump in August and November than in May.
Bodola (1966) also reported gizzard shad condition factors in Lake t
Erie to be lowest during the spawning period in May and June.
K-factors recorded for gizzard shad during 1974 and 1975 and by Limnetics (1973) were similar. Patuiski (1975, unpublished) also reported similar results for the Illinoin River in the area of the Dresden Station.
Significant differences in the length distribution of fish, collected by electroshocking, were not observed between Locations 1 and 2 during 1974 and 1975 (Patuleki 1975).
Seining The number of species obtained by seining at Location 1 was the same in 1974 and 1975, whereas a two-fold increase was observed at Location 2 in 1975 (Patuiski 1975). However, additional species obtained in 1975 at Location 2 represented only 5% of the total Leining catch and comprised species common to South Kickapoo Creek. The greater number of creek species found in the river at Location 2 in 1975 than in 1974 may relate to the differences in creek conditions which existed between the two years at the times of sampling. A substantial decrease in the total number and weight of fishes was observed at both locations in 1975: resulting from a decrease in the emerald shiner catches.
The most apparent decrease in the seasonal catches of emerald shiners in 7975 occurred in February at both locations and in 4.25
I 1
August at Location 1 (Table 4.4). The decreased catches observed in February may have resulted from the high water level encountered -
in the river, which reduced sampling efficiencf and may have altered the distribution of emerald shiners in the river.
Diversity indices were slightly higher at Locations 1 and 2 in 1975 than in 1974 during most seasonal periods; however, diversity was generally low at both locations during the two years.
Significant differences were observed in the length distri-bution of emerald shiners between Locations 1 and 2 during 1974 and 1975 (Patulski 1975). These differences sere most pronounced it. August and November when young-of-the-year individuals were present in the river. .
Age end Size Distribution Inconsistencies in the age group representation were noted between 1974 and 1975 for carp, gizzard shad and emerald shiners.
An overall increase in the number of carp from lower age groups and a decrease from higher age groups was noted in 1975 (Patuiski 1975).
Individuals from Age Group II demonstrated the greatest overall increase in 1975 even though their numbers were low in 1974 collections as Age Group I. Young-of-the-year carp were not represented in the collections during both years.
An appreciable increase ir. young-of-the-year gizzard shad was observed in the 1975 catches indicating greater spawning success -
in 1975 than in 1974 4.26
l The overall dominance of Age Group O in the 1974 emerald shiner catches was also observed in 1975 as Age Group i. These data suggest a strong 1974 year class. Poor spawning success of I emerald shiners was apparent in 1979 as evidenced by the low catches of young-of-the-year individuals, especially in August where only 56% of the emerald shiner catch consisted of Age Group 0 fish compared to 92% in August 1974.
Mean lengths and weights of carp and gizzard shad and mean lengths of emerald shiner were aenerally comparable for each age group between 1974 and 1975. The greater mean length of Age Group 0 gizzard shad in 1975 than in 1974 was attributed to the high November catch in 1975 which was not observed in 1974.
. Food Habits Sufficient data were obtained at Locations 1 and 2 for carp and green sunfish for 1974-1975 food habit comparison. The overall as well as the seasonal importance of food items found in carp stomachs were similar at Locations 1 and 2 during both years (Table 4.9 and 4.10). Sludge worms and midges were the most fre- :
quently idrntified food items; sludge worms showing greatest occur-rence in May and midges in August during both years. Crayfish was an important food item of green sunfish during both years. Terres-trial insects, which were also an important food item in 1974, were of minor importance in 1975.
3 External parasites Disease and physical Abnormalities External parasites, disease and physical abnormalities 4.27
.. l
m Table 4.9 Relative imporatnce of food items found in the stomachs of selected fish near tbo LaSalle County Station, February-November 1974, c11 samplirg methods.
Stoma ch s Examined Percent With Percent volume of total Food I'mp* y Numbe r Ceterrence imil Volume Fish Spe c ie s Loc. I Loc. 2 loc. I le c . 2 Food items toe. I toe. 2 toe. I lee. 2 I.m c . I tec. 2 I.oc. I Lee. 2 19 !? 42 42 Chironomsdne 1883 381 41.2 52.9 I.7 0. 5 6. 0 21.8 Carp Il90 640mmi Tubificida e .* - 26.3 52.9 0. 5 0. 3 1. 8 3. 8 Limnodretus udebemlanos - 0 5. 3 0.0 0.1 0. 0 0. 4 0. 0 Lirraodrilos cervix 0 - 0. ft 5. 9 0. 0 0. 3 0. 0 3. 8 C r a y fish I f 1. 3 0. 0 0. 2 0. 0 0. 7 0. 0 Multusk shelle - - 3. 3 5. 9 < 0. 2 40.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Ctadocera 10 0 5. 3 0. 0 < 0.1 0. 0 < 0. 8 0. 0 Filamentone algae - - 15.8 23.5 24.0 2. 0 84.2 25.6 Sand . - 21.1 5.9 0.2 0.1 0. 7 3. 3 Unr ecog nisa ble - 73.7 82.4 1. 7 4. 5 6. 0 57.7 e
I Te r r e s t rial ins ec ts 8 IS 50.0 45.5 0. 3 1. 2 8. 8 28.6 Cr een sunfish to 18 to 8 7 7 14 7 mr:>3 Crayfish 4 4 4f.0 36.4 3. 3 2. 8 87.9 66.7 C hironomidae 14 0 20.0 0. 0 < 0.1 0. 0 < 0.1 0.0 Isopoda 1 2 10.0 9.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0. 5 < 0.1 Ga st ropoda O I 0. 0 9.1 0. 0 < 0.1 0. 0 < 0. I Cerridae 1 0 10.0 0. 0 < 0.1 0. 0 < 0.1 0.0 Fish 15antish) 0 1 0. 0 9.8 0. 0 0.1 0. 0 2. 4 0 2 0 0 Chironomid ae 0 1000 0. 0 50.0 00 0. 7 0. 0 77.8 Sma ttmoata buff alo Sand 0 - 0. 0 50.0 0. 0 < 0.1 0.0 <0.1 1285 - 3 2 5 mm)
Unr ecog niz a ble 0
- 0. 0 100.0 0. 0 0. 2 0. 0 22.2 f I O Chir nnomidae 1800 100 160.0 100.0 1. 0 0.5 71.4 ?l. 4 whit e s uc k e r i Tubificidae - 0 100.0 0. 0 0. 3 0. 0 23.4 0. 0 (250-2e3mm) 0 300.0 0. 0 0.1 0. 0 7.1 0. 0 Sand -
Unrecognizable 0 - 0. 0 300.0 0. 0 0. 2 0. 0 28.6 l
l I O I rish IEmerald shiner) 3 1 100.0 100.0 n. 6 0.1 100.0 100.0 Istgemouth bass ?
l (78 220mm) - .
\
l 0 0 Cope pod s 2 0 100.0 0. < 0.1 e. 0 50.0 0. 0 Black crypie I 0 T ipulid a e 1 0 100.0 (' s < 0.1 0. 0 50.0 0. t*
t e 4 mer.e 0 Ca st ropod a 1 0 100.0 0 e 0. 3 0. 0 100.0 0. 0 Elac e tutthead 1 0 0 (2 I 0mmt
- Uncoo:.ts ble.
. 8
- I / mxm
.^r,
. . ~.- . .
Tnbic 4 10 A
Relative-importance of food items, Sund in the stomachs of selected fish near. that LaSalle County. Station, February.- Ncvember.1975s all' sampling methods.
Stomachs ex4 mined ' Percent' with , Percent Volusse of total Fish Food mpty Number occurrence . (all volume
-Species Loc.) $ Loc.I Loc.2 rood items loc.1 Loe.2 Loc.I Loe.2 Loc.1 Loc.2 toe.1 Lee.2 l Carp (200-4 85 m:n1 25- '19 32 37 Algae .
.a . .16.0 10.5- 6.0 1.0 46.9 8.5 Plant fragments 0 -
0.3 5. 3 ' O.0 0.3' 'O .
2.6 Tubificidae - -
8.0' 5.3 0.4 <0.1 3.1~ <0.1 Tubificidae without capillifeira setae - -
-52.0 31.6 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ~
with capilliform setae - 0 4.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 P.0 Linnodritus hoffmeister1~ - -
8.0 5.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 .<0.1 Limnodrilus cervis 0 -
G.0 5.3 0.0 <0.1 0 <3.1
- Clalocera Gi5ina sp.) - -
12.0 15.8 0.4 0.9 3.1 ~7.7 Cnironomidae 152 10 28.0 21.1 0.2 0.1 1.6 0.9 Copepoda 0 1510 0.0 15.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.t <0.1-Limpet s 1 0 4.0 0.0 <3.1 0.0 <0.1 .0.0 Mollusk shello 0 -
0.0 10.5 0.0 0.3 0 2.6 Crayfish 1 0 4.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 4.7 0.0
- p. Terrestrial insects '3 0 4.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.0
. Unrecognizable- - -
72.0 78.9 5.1 9.1 29.8 77.8 f\)
M) s:sa llc o.a t h bu f f alo 0 1 2 .0 Tubificidae-(240-255 mal with capilliform setae 0 -
0 100 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 Unrecognizable o - 0 100 0.0 0.1 0.0 100 aluegill 0 3 0 0 Chironomidae 0- 26C 0.0 33.3- 0.0 0.2 0.0 50.0 *
(10 5-155 ara) Hydropsychidee 0 2 0.0 33.3 0.0 <0.1 A.0 <0.1 Limpets 0 2 0. 0 . 33.3 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 Terrestrial insects. 0 9 0.0 100 0.0 0.2 'O.0 $0.0 White bass 1 0 0 0 Crayfish 1 0 100 0 2.8 0.0 .100 0 (255 ral La r gemou t h ba s s C 0 0 1 0 0 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (215 etM Smallocuth tass 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (125 rest $
I Green sunfish 38 16 21 7 Crayfish 17 4 39.5 25.0 11.6 4.6 61.4 79.3 (88-18 0 rn) rash cogs - 0 2.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.0 . !
Fish i Emerald shiner 3 0 2.6 0.0 4.5 0.0 23.8 0.0
- Unidentified 0 1 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 6.9 Castropoda .(
Ph Lsa sp. 20 6 10.5 25.0 0.7 0.1 3.7 1.7 t ferrissia sp. 4 5 7.9 18.F <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Gerridae 7~ 1 0 2.6 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 1sopoda 6 9 7.9 18.8 0.1 0.3 0.5 5.2 Cladocera (Moine sp.) 540 0 13.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 f
4 , . . - - -
g ble 4.10 (Cont'd.)
- 2*sc:s ers-i cJ
.;a*
> t.: Percent 7:05 imoty ?creact vclu:ne of tot.31 J .:ias 1: : . . L::: . 2 .ts:r be r o?arren*e (-1) volu a Loc.i .oc.2 rood items Loc.I Lee.2 %:.I V -]7.. Loc.1 Loc.; W .1 tor.2
- 117 s. *is: 33 16 21 7 Lustricidae Ii-!E 3 rd 2 0 2.6 0.0 0.7 C.0 3.7 0.0 Chironernidae 3 10 7.9 12.5 <0.1 <0.1 t?ydropsychidae 0
<0.1 < 0.1 .
- n ;'.??*
snails 1 0.0 6.3 0.G <3.1 0.0 <0.1 1 1 2.6 4.3 Terrestrial insects 24 (3.1 0.1 <0.1 1.7 Platt fragrents 0 21.1 0.C 0.7 3.G 3.7 4.0 0 2.6 0.0 0.1 0.J Unrecognizable 0.5 D.0 0 -
0.0 12.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 S.2
. :2;*t3:le .!dP3.
.N kN O
observed on fish in the river were similar in 1974 and
. 1975 The most common physical abnomalities observed on fish in the river during both years were deformed and eroded fins, and
, carp was the most affected species.
External parasites, disease or physical abnormalities were identified on 13 species of fish during the study (Table 4.11 and 4.12).
Physical abnormalities, primarily deformed and eroded fins, were frequently observed on fish collected at Locations 1 and 2. Carp was, the most affected species. Similar observations were made by Starrett and Crum (1964), by Linnetics (1973) and by Patulski (1976) for carp in the Illinois River and by Industrial BIO-TEST Labora-tories. Inc. (1974) for the Des Plaines River.
Mills et al. (1966) and Starrett and Crum (1964) each reported nearly 80% ine.ence of knothead condition on carp collected in the Marseilles area of the Illinois River. This condition was also ob-served on carp at Locations 1 and 2 during the present study; however, the percentage was much lower, A low incidence of knothead condition on carp was also reported for the Illinois River near Marseilles by Limnetics (1973) and near the Dresden Station by Patulski (1976).
Exophthalmus, or popeye, was a common disease on goldfish at Locations 1 and 2. Similar observations were made on goldfish in the Illinois River by Patulski (1976) and Des Plaines River by
~
Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (1974). The most common
, external parasite identified on fish in the river was Neascus sp. ;
green sunfish and emerald shiners were the two most affected species.
4.31
an Tfora 4.11-Y Incidence of external'parnaites, disease or physical abnorsalities of fish collected at Locations 1, 2,6 and 8 near the LaSalle.' County Station, February-November 1974, all sampling methods. _
Pa ra s ite.- Physical Number Percent Species Loca tion or Disease Abnormalities A ffected Affected Carp 1 Saprotegnia sp. '4 4. 7 (Fungus)
Lernea sp. I 1. 2
- (A nchorwor m) t Deformed fins 19 22.1
- Eroded fins 9 10.5 ,
Knothead 7 ' 8. I 7
ua Deformed mouth 1 1. 2 N
2 Saprotegnia sp. 2 2. 4 Lernea sp. I 1. 2 Deformed fins 19 23.2 Eroded fins 24 29.3 Knothead 17 20.'7 Loss of eye 3 3. 7 River carpsucker 1 Eroded fins '4 57.I 2 -
Deformed fins 1 11.1-Eroded fins 2 22.2 ,
Goldfi sh . 1 Popeye 1 50.0
' Eroded fins 1 50.0 2 Popeye 1 20.0 Eroded fins 2 40.0 Loss of eye 1 20.0 4
e , a * . 6
1 . .
l Tabin 4. (Cont'd.)
l I
l l
i Para site Physical Number Percent Species Loca tion or Disease Abnor ma litie s A ffected Affected Smallmouth buffalo 2 Eroded fins 7 87,5 Bigmouth buffalo 2 Deformed fins 1 25.0 Shorthead redhorse 2 Lernea sp. 1 50.0 Eroded fins 2 100.0 -
Largemouth bass 1 Neascus sp. 1 50.0 (Black spot)
Silver redhorse 1 Eroded fins 1 100.0 t f b
us Quillback 2 Deformed fins 1 100.0 Gizzard shad 2 Deformed fins 1 1. 9 Eroded fins 1 1. 9 Black bullhead 2 Saprotegnia sp. I 100.0 Bluntnose minnow I Lernea sp. 1 33.3 6 Neascus sp. 2 4.4 8 Nea scus sp." 1 1. 5 White ba ss 2 Glossatella sp. I 100.0 Emerald shiner 1 Neaticus sp. 2 0. 3 Lernea sp. 1 0. I
Table 4.11 (Cont'd.)
Para site Physical Numbe r Percent Species Location or Disease Abnormalities A ffected Affected Green sunfish 1 Neascus sp. 4 16.0 Deformed fins 1 4. 0 6 Neascus sp. 2 7.1 8 Neascus sp. 18 25.0 Stoneroller 6 Neascus ap. 24 4. 2 Lernea sp. 1 0. 2 Y 8 Neascus sp. 7 2. 2 Creek cnub 6- Neascus sp. E7 22.3 8 Neascus sp. 20 6.4 Fathead minnow 8 Neascus sp. 4 9. 8 Clinostomum sp. I 2. 4 (Yellow grub)
Common shiner - 6 Neascus sp. I 9.1
Tal 4.12 Incidence of external parasites, disease or physical abnormalities of fish collected at Locations 1, 2, 5, 6 and 8 near the LaSalle County Station, February - November 1975, all sampling methods.
Parasite Physical Number Percent Species Location or Diseace Abnormalities Affected Affected Carp 1 Deformed fins 18 17.1 Eroded fins 8 7.6 Knothead 9 8.6 Deformed body 1 1.0 2 Deformed fins 24 33.8 s Eroded fins 3 4.2 Knothead 6 8.5 Loss of eye 1 1.4 Green sunfish 1 Neascus sp.
- 11 11.8 u (Black spot)
- Lernea sp. 1 1.1 (Anchorworm)
Exophthalmus 1 1.1 (Popeye)
Deformed fins 1 1.1 Eroded fins 1 1.1 Mechanical damage 1 1.1 2 Black spot 8 24.2 Anchorworm 1 3.0 5 Blackspot 2 50.0 6 Blackspot 6 6E.7 8 Blackspot 9
, 75.0 Goldfish 1 Popeye 2 40.0 Eroded fins 1 20.0 2 Popeye 3 33.3 Eroded fins 1 11.1
~
n T'blo 4,12 (Cont'd.)
Parasite Physical Number Percent Species Location or Disease Abnormalities Affected Afft.cted Digmouth buffalo 1 Eroded fins 2 50.0 2 Eroded fins 5 62.5 Smallmouth buffalo 1 Eroded fins 1 50.0 2 Eroded fins 4 66.7 White sucker 1 Eroded fins 1 20.0 Mechanical damage 1 20.0 2 Anchorwarm 1 3.0
- 1
. Popeye 3.0 g Eroded fins 2 6.1 5 Anchorworm 1 14.3 River carpsucker 1 Eroded fins 2 40.0 2 Nematoda 1 20.0 (Round worms)
Bluegill 1 Saprolegnia sp. 1 20.0 (Fungus) 2 Anchorworm 1 20.0 Emerald shiner 1 Black spot 24 8.7 2 Black spot 11 2.0 Anchorworm 1 0.2 White crappie 2 Black spot 1 100
.,. . .~. -
y ,
.-Table 4.12 .(Cont'd. ):
i s
Parasite Physical Number . Percent.
Species Location orIDisease Abnormslities Affected Affected Bluntnose. minnow 1 Dlack spot 1 5.3 2 Black spot I 11.1- .
t 6 -Black spot 7 11.7 Creek chub. 6 Black spot 4 3.5 .
1 Steelcolor shiner 5 s -Black spot 1 '3.4 !
l' i m .
-4 i, '
r
., - w w-
5.0' INTAKE EFFECTS 5.1 Entrainment -
A preliminary analysis of the projected impact of en-trainment by the La Salle Station on drifting larval fish popula-tions in the Illinois River was made considering the monthly mean flows of the river in the vicinity of the station location. The analysis is based on two assumptions, which may require modifica- .
tions based on additional studies of the hydraulic characteristics of the river and the spacial distribution of drift within the river. These assumptions are: (1) drift is distributed evenly across the- river; and (2) the proportion of the river drift en-trained is approximately the same as the proportion of the river flow entering the Station. .
5.1.1 Method, Ane lysis and Conclusions -
Monthly mean flows of the Illinois River at Marseilles,-
Illinois (Table 5.1) for the period 1920-1974 (55 years) were sta-tistically analyzed to determine the flows corresponding to various i
non-exceedence probabilities in each month of a year. The magni-tudes of monthly flows for given exceedence probabilities were determined-using log Pearson Type III method, and the results are l given in Table 5.2. Non-exceedence probability curves for each l month of a year are given in Figures 5.1 through 5.12.
i V
Figure 5.13 represents the lateral distribution of depth, mean velocity and flow in the Illinois River in the vicinity of the La Salle Station intake. These data were determined from field '
measurements of depth and velocities at the site on November 1, 1976.
5.1
7bble i 51 55 YEARS NONTHLY MEAN FLOW OF ILL1HOIS RIVER - MARSEILLES POOL - FOR .
NOV DEC NEAN FEP MAR AFR NAY JUN JUL 000 SEP OCT JAN
. . 6R 9330. 931C. 12500.
9300. 8830. 9020. 9380.
1920. 10500. 11000. 21700 23900. 17400. 10200. 9350. 9120. 9130, 9900. 10500. 15300. 17900. 11700.
1921 9600 10100. 12900. 14400. 11000. 9960. 10400. 10600. 9910. 13900 14000. 12300 19900. 33200 15200. 11000. 10300.
9660.
. *72. 9700. 10600. 11200. 12700. 12900. 10000. 12400.
- 3. 9600. 9500 17000. 1:500. 14300. 11500. 15500.
v24. 13800. 17000. 20600. 20000. 14100. 1n700. 9720.
16000.
9660. 19200. 9050. 12700. 9250. 11400. 9150. 10400.
9450. 11800 9:501 7000.
1925. 10300. 14000. 16300. 11700. 10000. 15400.
1924. 9760. 13600. 10400. 23200. 12900. 14900. 10600. 11000. 19100. 21100. 18900. 13900. 17600.
1927.. 11100. 23600. 20300. 26900. 23800. 16600. 10200. 10900. 11400. 15600. 16600. 25200 15000.
1920. 16300. 17700. 16200. 10000. 12500. 13100. 17700. 11900. 11700. *1700. 14700. 16300. 15700.
1929. 17600. 14700. 24200. 24300. 17000. 17600. 12000. 11100. 11800. 9450. 13000. 7820. 13200.7540 12100.
.380. 12000.
1930. 15600. 17000. 15400. 21700. 12600. 9900. 8660. 10700. 9360. 9610. 10600. 13900. 14000. 11000.
1931. 8970. 8580. 9390. 10600. 12700. 13500. 10500. 9940. 9430. 9930. 10100. 12600, 11900.
1932. 17600. 14200. 13000. 12600. 11500. 10600. 10200. 9980. 11470. 10830 11210. 14300.
1933. 13000. 12600. 16:00. 25600. 08300. 11700. 10700. 10000. 9631. 10690. 10000. 12300. 12800. 10530.
1934. 9972. 9006. 9953. 12132. 7990. 9834. 9183. 9775. 8730. 9103. 12270. 105U0. 13950.
1935. 16140. 15750. 21670. 15650. 20100. 15390. 12240.
8150. 8240. 987B. 9303. 10680. 7435. 10:40.
1936. 9919. 11960. 15170. 10740. 13560. 7841. 9907. 9264. 8203. 9079. 9065 91e2 11560.
1937. 17210. 12140. 10920. 18660. 13550. 11600, 8006. 7e70. 1:100 8959. 11560. 7665 1938. 9118. 16000. 17000. 19560. ita70. 13960. 9901, 13340.
7811. 4242 3670. 4497. 4275. 4915. 8214.
1939. 5447. 14600. 17100. 14 30. 7475 4041 4627. 7743. 6100.
1940. 4087 4111. 6819. 6551. 10380. 7986. 5585. 5631. 4766. 5070. 13360. 14130. Ac62 8062 4854.
1941. 5815. 5998. 7848. 9180. 7803. 8566. 5299. 8486. 8754. 5186. 113so. 12070. 5842.
10390.
1942. 6432. 21020. 18170. 14000. 7145. 7251. 7731. 5302. 4708. 4867. 3739. 11850.
1943. 13690. 17740. 16010. 10?90. 35180. 13340. 9048. 4986. 4747. 4982. 5101 4571 9163.
1944. 4812. 5548. 17210. 06080. 15540. 10740. 5447. 6112. 7489. 10160. 7066. 6629. 9010.
5946. C065. 1 B70. 21730. 10650. 6777.
1945. 4400.
6776 5476. 4941 4317. 5600. 5163. 9031 1946. 17450. 10150. 18300. 7273 10000. 12850. 5486. 6696. 5505. 4736. 5079. 9394. 9843.
. 1947. 7704. 8899. 8670. 22670. 16670. 16870. 7743 6227. 5345. 4495 3903. 4709. 8677.
6326. 8603. It060. 11380. 16290. 7682. 3900.
1948. 5230. 4071. 11650.
12180. 16800. 11080. 9380. 8651. 8746. 8662. 6399. 6:46. 50C5. 4001. 6274.
6454. 5336.
< 49. 13000.
1 J0. 23820. 17770. 19930. 3:300. 11200. 12800 10*;C o .
73S9. 6790. 7333. 13690. 8003. 11880 1951 10120. 18180. 14150. 18200. 14080. 9046. 15970. 74S6. 6499. 5097. 1245. 46C8. 5695. 10060.
1952. 16410. 10600. 16250. 16910. 10810. 16180. 10900. 6240 5831 4029. 4464. 4857. 7447.
1953. 5522. 6671. 13840. 9296. 9173. 8218 6012. 5073. 15000. 6970. 6455. 3767.
1954. 4578. 5550. 10630. 16420. 921C. 9811. 8476. 6348. **63. 4428. 5313. 598. 5495. 6403.
1955. 12 90. 9213. 1:310. 1 160. 10400. 12030. 6410. 5705. 4514. 4272. 4034. 767*. 7143.
1956. 4431. 6647. 8140. 7429. 15830. 8593.
868. 11270. 11050.
11450, 5578. 17740. 16940. 11450. 210 0. 65 5 4857. 56o6.
1957. 11570 4960. 4605. 5761. 5459 8620 8737. 7671. 10530. 7738. 6211 20510 13430.
7981.
1938. 6852. 7015 6350. 4637. 7247. 9876. 10480. 10320.
1959. 6813 16360. 16590. 15190. 15020. 4953. 4746. 4969 9458.
13810. 14910. 11000. 19760. 10340. 12850. 6919. 5503. 4231.
1960. 6407. 14:50. 7969 9504 7905. 8647.
1961 4118. 5132. 10540.- 12100. 11090. 8704. 6140. 4736, 4790. 4716. 9176.
8340. 10000. 25090. 1:210 11370. Ov71. 0743 5908. 5074 1962 4195. 3707. 4302. 4362. 5922.
1963. 3200 3 64 13100 7893 853o. 6065. 6967. 5256.
4890. 5130. 5731.
3629. 3843. 5153 10180. 7407. 7264. 7037. 5018. 5131. 41:5.
1964. 6406. 10710. 6005. 12500. 10180.
10240. 10390. 13780. 21:40 116co. 4133. 5412.
77:5.
1965. 5689. 4897. 4209. 6194. 11860. 9540.
1966. 10350. 8605. 13310 13130 21150. 7264. 5510. 5572. 9490. 16370. 10550.
9557. 16730 20070. 14360. 10000. 5799 5463. 7040.
1967. 5919. 5101. 6667. 9084. v397.
1968. 7699. 17900 7018. 10360. 3670. 1 070. 10270. 0096. 5946.
7558. 6677. 530A. 9963.
12540. 10750. 7916. 18270. 10010. 11730. 13300. 7518. 5940.
1969. 6963. 11030. 10870. 9359 7519. 11700.
1970. 5060. 0178. 8042 21960. 20590. 15210. 7106. 7769, 4521. 11650, 4 4090. oc50. 6501. 6117. 8026. 3315. 6653. 5839. 487'.
J 10000.
1971. 13600.
1972. 8617. 4352 1:360. 19570. 13570. 10940. 10940. 168V0. 15100. 15090. 19500. 14020.
4862. 5210. 4288. aus5. 12520.
1973. 20610. 114o0. 20070. 27600. 15140. 18670. 8099. 5437 4355. 6062. ?790. 12110.
1974. 18190. 17840. 10000. 16670. 25340. 17530. 5758. 4560. 3518.
- 4.009 4.130 4.17' 4.112 4.036 3.940 3.875 3.d53 3.855 3.C87 3.955 3 966
.2171 .0004 .1626 .179 .1653 .1345 .1418 .1381 .1746 .1961 .2012 .2333
. sEV 1.387 SAEW1 -0 246 -0.639 -0 515 -0 163 0 416 0.057 0 457 0.603 0.380 0.283 0.003 D
52 l.
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\
Table 5 2 i
FLod VfAVES FOR VaA1005 Nob ENCCCDENCE PRDIABILIT IS IN LACH h0 NTH
. MONTHS a Non-EX. PRD8. = 10 5.0 10,0 25.0 50 0 73.0 80 0 85.0 90.0 95 0 u.0 98.0 99.0 99
- - . - .. - .. .. .. . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . - . - ~ . - . _
FLou RATEtCF$)= 2412. 3897. 4786. 4000. 9435. 13265. 14:01. 15710. 17J81. 20608. 21384.. .24339.
27:03. 301' 1;
MONTHS :
MN-EX. FR08.
- 10 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 7*. 0 80.0 85.0 90 0 95.0 96.0 98 0 99.0 99
. ~ .. - - . .. .... ~ .-.. . ... .. . . - . ~ . -
266-FLOW RATE (CFSl* 2955.
4637.
57/5.
. ....-. '50.
7919. 11:01. &4 15842. 17100. 18501.
. , . ~ . .
20'14.
21430. 23349. 25041.
1 MONTHS 3 NOW EX. PRO 8. = 1.0 50 10.0 25.0 50.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 96 0 98.0 99.0 99 FLOW RATEtCFS)* 4815. 4887. 8 04. 10574. 13995. 17733. 1BL93. 198 9. 21147. 23434 23900. *5711. 27307. 287
~ ._ .. - .. .. - - .. ~ .. _ . ... ... _ . .. .... ~
1 MONTH 1 4 NCN-Ex. PRO 8.
- 10 50 10 0 25 0 50 0 75.0 80.0 85 3 90 0 95 0 96.0 98.0 99 0 99 FLDW RATE (CFS)* 5486. 7476. 8782. 11:00. 15149. 20098. 21:47. 23149. 25:42. 29295. 30180. 33790. 37335. 408
- .. . - .... - .. .. ~ .. . -. . . . . . . . . . . - - . . _ ._= .. -
1 MONTHS 5
. HON-EX. PROS.
- 1.0 50 10.0 25.0, 30.0 75 0 80.0 85 0 90 0 95.0 96.0 98.0 99.0 99 FLOW RATE (CFS)= 4008. 763. 8111. 9829. 1:414 16495. 17437. 19433. *1386. 25400. 24:37. 30717. 3:194 400 1
MONTH 1 4 NON.EX. PRO 8. = 10 50 10.0 25 0 50.0 75.0 90.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 94.0 98.0 99.0 99
~ . .. .....- - ~ .. ~ ._ _.... - - - ..
FLOW RATE (CFS)= 5354. ete4. 73:3. 8734. 10835. 13407. 14091. 1:105. 16193. 18342. SP804 207:4 2:4:9. 24%
1 MONTH 1 7 10.0 95.0 94.0 98.0 99 NON.F.x. PRO 8. =
10 5.0 25 0 50.0 75.0 80.0 85 0 90 0
. ....... - . '.9.0~
FLou R/tE(CFS)= 4451. 5326. 5841. 6870. 8494 10814 18349- 1*332. 13401. 15678. 16170. 18390. 207:4. 23:
. .~ ... ~ . . ....... _ _ _ . - - ... - ..-.. . .. . . . . . . . . _ . -
1 M0'*T H 1 8 NON-EX. PkO8. m 10 50 10.0 25.0 50.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 96.0 98 0 99.0 99 FLOW RATE (CFS)e 41:4. 4716. 5118. 5941. 72a1. 9:14 9664 10511. 11432. 13444. 1388?. 15875. 18009. 203 1
MONTH 1 9 NON-EX. PROS. = 1.0 50 10.0 25.0 50.0 75 0 80.0 85.0 to 0 95.0 94 0 98.0 99.0 99 FLDW RATC(CFS)= 3135. 3r54, 4342. 5332. 4950. 9338. 9905. 10948. 1:100. 14589. 1:144. 174:6. 20 88. 231
- - . - . - . - - - . .- ... . .. . ~ . - ....... .. . ....... . ... .. ......=_
1 MONTH! 10 NON-EX. PROS.
- 1.0 5.C 10.0 25.0 50.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 *0.0 95.0 9d.9 98.0 99.0 99 FLOk RATEECF53= *752. 3538. 4075. 5175. 7007. 9730. 10390. 11586. 129:1. 15810. f.. f353. :460. 258 L
MONTHS 11 NON-EX. FROP. * ,10 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 75.0 80.0 85.C 90.0 95.0 96.0 98.0 t*.0 99 FLOW RATE (CFS)* 2313. 3493. 4304 5534. 9:87. 10000. 11318. 1264 14081. 17196. 17F98. 20967. 04:46. 277 MONTHS 12 NON-CI. FN08.
- 10 5.0 1C.0 2*. 0 50.0 73.0 80.0 85 0 90.0 95.0 94.0 98.0 99.0 9'
... ............. ....... _............... .......... _=.......-
FLOW RATC(CFSla 44:2. 4800. 5147. 6089. 0000. 10129 13100. 15613. 1b493. 24314 28237. 304el. 500:2. 709
............. . ......... ......- .... ......... ................. . ... ............................r.
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5.16
The total measured flow rate of Illinois River at La Salle Station site on November 1, 1976 was 4720 cfs. The monthly , non-exceedence probability curve for the month of November (Fig. 5-11) shows that mean flows of 4720 cfs are exceeded 91.0% of the time in the Illinois River. The c.aximum design intake flow rate of the La Salle Station during 2 pump operation.at the river screenhouse is 60,000 gpm (134 cfs) which is only 2.8 percent of the river flow of 4720 cfs. Hence, assuming that the larval drift is uniformly distributed within the river flow, it can be stated that the chances are only 1 in 91 for entrainment of 2.8 percent larval drift during an average November. The flow dis-tribution curve shown in Figure 5.13 indicates that 134 cfs of river flow passes through a fractional river width of 90 ft. , which is 10 percent of the total river width of 880 ft. Hence, even though only 2.8 percent cd iarval drift is entrained,10 percent , of the river width may be affected by the intake. The fractional river width affected is higher because the water intake to the station occurs from the shallower bank region of the river adjacent to the intake structure where the depth is much less than that of the main river channel. As shown in figure 5.13, the withlrtnul of makeup water is from the deeper and, therefore, less productive side of the river. Table 5.3 shows the river flows and percent plant intake flows for three exceedence probabilities in each month. A flow 1 l with 99% exceedence probability means that 99% of time of river flow will be greater than the givan flow. In other words, a flow Nith 99% exceedence probability indicates a flow that m16ht occur once in 100 yeers. ' able 5.3 shows that the maximum percent plant 5.17
l ' Table 5 3 - River Flows and Percent Plant Intakes for Various Exceedence Probabilities in Each Month LaSalle Station - Intake = 134 cfs. Month Exceedence Probability 99% ,90% 50% (1 in 100 year flow) (1 in 10 year flow) (Mean Flev) River Flow % River Flow % River Flow % (cfs) Intake (cfs) Intake (cfs) Intake January 2612 5.1 4786 2.8 9435 1.4 February 2955 4.5 5775 2.3 11201 1.2 March 4815 2.8 8206 1.6 13995 0.96 April 5486 2.4 8782 15 15149 0.88 May 6bO8 2.2 8111 1.6 12614 1.1 June 5358 2.5 7323 1.8 10835 1.2
. July 4551 2.9 5841 23 8494 1.6 August 4126 3. 2' 5118 2.6 7261 1.8 September 3135 4.3 4342 3.1 6952 1. 9' October 2752 4.9 4075 3.3 7,007 1.9 November 2813 4.8 4304 3.1 7587 1.8 December 4422 3.0 5147 2.6 8000 1.7 5.18
1 i i withdrawal is only 5.1, corresponding to a very low river finw (1 in 100 voar-flow) of 2612 cfs in January. Hence, the maximum pos- i sible larval drift tr - ntrained by the Lt. Salle Station is less than 5.1 perr: tnt, - v- tidering a very unlikely low flow of 1
- in 100 year flow.
sur other exceedence probabilities given in ,j Table 5.3-(90% and 50%), the percent plant intake is lower than 4.1 l percent.
- Figures 5.14 thro .gh 5.16 show the flow distribution curves for five different river flows between 4720 cfs and 16,000 cfs. L This is the range of mean flows (50% exceedence probability) for i any m Mth for Illinois River at the Station site. These figures show that the fractional river width affected by the plant opera-
-tion is within 12 percent all the time. Again, fractional river
- width affected is higher than the fractional flow affected, because '
the water intake to the Station occurs from the shallower bank .- region of-the river adjacent to the intake structure. The period of time when drift is expected to occur in 1. the Illinois River in the vicinity of the Station intake is from April through September. During this periodc Table 5.2 shows that the lowest one-in-hundred year flow of the river of 3135 cfs occurs in September. Minimum one-in-ten year flow for the at:ce priod is 4342 cfs, again occuring in September and the mean finw f the
- period is 6952 cfs. For a station intake flow 134 cfs, t te maximum percent' plant intake'during the period April throug.
Saptember for the three cases are:
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t 15,000 cfs. ~ 5.22 one-in-hundred year flow: 4.3 percent one-in-ten year flow: 3 1 percent ' mean flow: 1 9 percent The above analysis shows that during the period when drift occurs , in the Illinois River, the maximum drift affected by the station , operation will be less than 4 3 percent. Figure 5 14 shows that when the river flow is 3135 cfs, the plant intake flow of 134 cfs passes through a river width of less than 90 ft. wide from the intake bank. In view of the small portion of the IllincIs River , affected by the La Salle Station Cooling Pond Make-up intake, the effect on drifting fish eggs and larvae will be minimal. 5 2 Imoincement The intake to the cooling pond from the I211nois River is designed as a shoreline structure without a canal or other , physical features _ which would attract juvenile or adult fish. The normal operational makeup rate is-approximately 30,000 gpm (one pump) however it is predicted that for approxi-mately seven percent of the station's operating t!me a aakeup rate of approximately 60,000 Epm (two pumps) will be required. Approach velocities calculated at the floating boom range between 0.4 to 0.6 feet per second (fps) at the normal makeup rate of 30,000 gpm and between 0.6 to 1.0 fpa at 60,000 gpm depending upon river levels. Calculations by the architect-engineer indicate that at the normal intake flow of 30,000 gpm, the velocity of the water . passing through the traveling screens ranges from .3 to .h fps while at a flow of 60,000 gpm the range is from 0 5 to 0 7 fps. l 5 23 - - . ~ . - . - - - _ - , . _ . . . - --. l l At these velocities most of the healthier adult fish which are found in the Illinois River are expected to be able to swim away from the intake and avoid impingement (Schuler 1967). ,. Since swimming speed generally increases with sice within a species, more small than large fish are expected to be impinged . Temperatures as well as size influence impingement ' frequency. As water cools down during fall and early winter, increased impingement losses may occur because colder water i temperatures reduce swimming speeds (Hocutt,1970). There will be no heated water, or other discharges, to attract fish around the intake. No deicing operation in the winter is required, and no deicing facilities have been installed. There are no provisions for the addition of biocides to the pond makeup water. The cooling pond blowdown structure is located , approximately 200 yards downstream of the intake site. The distance between the makeup and blowdown structures should insure that recircr.lation of discharge water into the intake will not occur. The fish populations of this sector of the river have been severely restricted in species composition because of poor ! habitat resulting from increased turbidity, sedimentation, chronic pollution and decreased oxygen. The biological status of the river now is such that few pollution sensitive (including _ temperature sensitive) organisms remain. The dominant fish species that are pre-sent (shinners, carp, green sunfish, goldfish and bu11 heads) are , tolerant of relatively high water-temperature and other pollution , stresses. There is no significant sport fishery or commercial fishery in this portion of the river (Mills et al 1966). Due to 5 2h - ._- - .---- _ - _ _ . . . . _ ~ - . . - _ . - - . - - - _ _ . - . the poor quality of the environment and the resultant low diversity and quality of the fish species, the majority of the fish that could be impinged would be members of rough and forage ' species. Only a small percentage of the total annual impingement , would be comprised of sport and commercial species. In summary, there will be no significant entrapment of adult fish at the intake. Entrapment 1hich may occur will have no measurable influence on fish population dynamics in the Illinois River. e n ( l 5 25
6.0 CONCLUSION
S The impingement of juvenile und adult fish and the entrainment of fish eggs and larvae in the area of the intake at
*s the La Salle Station cooling pond make-up pumphouse is expected -
to be negligible. The intake design utilizes some of the more desirable intake location, design, and capacity factors that are considered in the document entitled "Dovelopment Document for Best Technology Available for the Location, Design, Construction and Capacity of Cooling Water Intake Structures for Minimizing Adverse Environmental Impact" (U.S. EPA 1976). The design and siting utilized in the La Salle intake incorporate the following features:
- 1) low volu=e of water for make-up purposes (108.3 cfs).
This makeup volumo will be achieved by operating one t pump (normal operation) for approximacely 93 percent of the station's operating time and two pumps (134 cfs) for the remaining 7 percent;
- 2) approach velocities during normal one pump operation are within the acceptable- range for protecting fish (0.6 to 0.6 fps) as are the approach velocities during two pump operation (0.6 to 1.0 fps);
3)' 'the location of the make-up house and related structures is on a straight portion of the riverbank with no back-water areas and is situated on the shoreline in order to prevent an 'mbayment to which duvenile and adult fish
. would be attracted; 6.1
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- 4) the intake structure has no provision for recir-culating heated water for ice melt purposes thus avoiding the potential for attracting fish during ,
winter months into the area of the intake;
- 5) there is no provision for injecting chemical biocides into pond make-up water at the river screenhouse;
. 6) during the one-in-one hundred year low flow, under two pump cooling pond make-up operation, the maximum drift affected will be less than 4.3 percent and limited to a region less than 90 ft, wide from the intake shore-line. Under the same operating conditions, the maximum drift affected will be less than 2 percent during meen flows;
- 7) because the cooling pond blowdown is located 200 yards ,
downstream of the intake, there will be no interaction with the intake. The Illinois River has experienced adverse ecological changes since the mid-1800's due to low flow, increased siltation, and various forms of domestic and industrial wastes. The physical and chemical changes in the Illinois River resulting from man's , activities have so alteren this aquatic habitat that in 1965 a 240 mile section of the river below Chicago was inhabited only by pollution tolerant organisms (Mills et al 1966). The species composition of fish in the Illinois has changed , drastically sines 1900. The upper Illinois River, which includes the Marseilles Pool currently supports a limited number of species 6.2 .
primarily carp, gizzard shed, cmarald chiner and gracn sunfish. The nor abundant fish throught the length of tha river is carp but even this very tolerant species is living under stressed conditions in this pool as evidenced by slow growth end frequent i disease symptoms. Prior to 1900, a thriving commercial fishery existed in the river for such species as largemouth bass, carp and crappie. Although there was a total commercial harvest' of over 900,000 pounds of fish in the Illinois River in 1970, there was no harvest above the Starved Rock Pool (AEC, 1973). The commercial fishery, as evidenced by only one full-time and 34 part-time registered commercial fishermen for the entire Illinois River in 1975, is extremely li=ited. Ths sport fishery hes also been adversely affected by the changing ennditiens in the river. There is no significant sport fishery in the portion of the river that will be affected by the intake. (AEC, 1973) The low nuubers of game fish collected during the construction phase monitoring programs at the La Salle site substantiate this conclusion. The existing fisheries in the Marseilles Pool of the Illinois River are indicative of the poor quality and stressed habits. Consequently, it would be expected that low numbers of game and co=mercial species would be impinged or entrained. Among the factors which =ake this a poor habitat are:
, 1) maintenance dredging to naintain a navigatable channel, and the disposal of this dredged material which destroys the immediate area being dredged, disrupts habitats downstream of the dr?dging because of increased siltation and turbidity and destroys habitats 6.3
in the areas where the spoil material is deposited; 2) marginal water quality; 3) industrialization along the Illinois Water uputream of the La Salle Station; 4) urban sewage contribution . to the waterway; 5) barge traffic; er.d 6) nonpoint sotrces sitch ( as runoff from farmed land. The environmental factors in the Illinois River near La Salle Station make-up intake and the engineering design and siting features of the intake system as previously discussed, are the best available intake technology for minimizing adverse en-vironmental impacts at this location. G 4 4 I 6.4
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7.0 REFERENCES
CITED Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1975, Environmental Impact" Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants, Prepared for
, Atomic incustrial Forum, inc.
66.
.. Bodola, A.,19(LeSueur), in Western Lake Erie. Life history cepedianum U. S. ofFish the gizzard Wild- shad Serv. Fich. Bull. 65(Z): 391-425 life
- Buck, D. H.1956. Effects of Turbidity on Fish and Fishing.
Trans. North Am. Wild 11re,21st Conf. 249-261. Carlander, K. D. 1969. Handbook of Freshwater Fishery Biology. Volume 1 Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Forbes, S. A. and R. E. Richardson. 1913 Studies on the Biology of the Upper Illinois River. I]1. State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 9(10): 481-574. Forbes, S. A. and R. E. Richardson. 1919. Some Recent Changes in Illinois River Biology. Ill. Nat. Hist. Sury. Bull. - 13(6): 139-156. Hutchinson, G. E., 1967. A Treatise on Limnology, John diley & Sons, Iac., New York, Vol. 2. 1115 pp. O Hynes, H. B. N., 1970. The F: ology of Running Waters, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. 555 pp. Hocutt, C. M., 1970. The Effects of Temperature on the Swimming Performance of the Largemouth Bans, spotrin Shinner, y( and Channel Catfisn. 1chthyological Associater, Holtwooc, Pennsylvania, Muddy Run Studies Progress Report 5. Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc.,1074. Baseline Environ-mental Study of the Dow Site near Joliet, Illinois (IET No. 3733). Report to Dow Chemi. cal Company, Joliet, Illinois. 152 pp. Limnetics, Inc., 1973. A Survey of the Illinois River near the Proposed LaSalle County Nuclear Power Station, Prepared for Commonwealth Edison Co., 94 pp. Icpinot', A. C. (ed). 1968. Inventory of the Fishes of Nine River Rept. Basins in Illinois 1967 Ill. Dept. Cons. Fish. Sp. , No. 25 McKee, J. E and H. W. Wolf, ed. 1963, Water Quality Criteria, California State Water Resources Control Boarc ruo11 cation No. 3-A. 548 pp. 7.I
l Egunch, B. I. 1968. Avorage Growth Rato of Fich in North-eastern Illinois. Ill. Dept. Conserv. Springfield, 111. 14 p. Mills, H. B., W. S. Starrett, and F. C. Bellrose. 1966. Man's
- Effect on the Fish and Wildlife of the Illinois River. Ill.
Nat. Hist. Su rv . Biol . Not e s, No . 57. 24 pp. i NALCO Environmental Sciences (iormerly Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc.), 1974. An Environmental Reconnaissance of the Illinois River near the Proposed Site of the LaSalle County Power Station, 30 August 1972. IBT No. W1705, Prepared for Commonwealth Edison Company, 45 pp. National Academy of Science, .1973, Vater Quality Criteria,1972, United States Environmental Prote: tion Agency Office of Research and Development, EPA-R3-73-033, Washington, D.C. 594 pp. Helson, E. W. 1678. Fisharies of Chicago and Vicinity. In: Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for _1075-1070. Part 4, Appendix B, p. 703-000. Palmer, C. M. 1962, Algae in Water Supplies. U. S. Dept, for Health, Educati.nn and Welfare', oc pp. - P alme r, C . M. 1969, A Composite Rating of Algae Tolerating , Organic follution, Journal of Phycology, Vol. 3, pp. 78-82. Patulski, D. 1976. Fisheries IN: Environmental Monitoring . (Thermal) of the DesPlaines, K3nkakee and Illinois Rivers near the Drescen Nuclear Power Station. January throuen December, 1974 Fifth Annual Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. to Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, Illinois. Chapter 7. Patulski, D. 1975 Fisheries Stadies. IN: Aquatic Monitoring Program for the Construction Phase of the LaSalle County Station 1974 First Annual Report by Indus' trial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. to Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, Illinois. Chapter 6. Pennak, R. W. ,1953, Fresh-Water Invertebrates of the United States, The Ronald Fress Co. New York, To9 pp. Fielou, E. C 1966. The measurement of Diversity in different types of biclogical collections. J. Theor. Biol. 13:- 131-144 Richardson, R. E. 1921. Changes in the Bottom and Ehore Fauna . of the Middle Illinois River and Its Connecting Lakes Since 1913-1915 as a Result of the Increase, Southward, of Sewage Pollutien. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 14 (4): 33-75
- 7. 2 I
i Ricker, W. E. 1968- . Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwater. IEP (Int. Biol. Programme) Hendbook No, ht Blackwell Scientific Publ. Oxford England. 313 pp. ! I
, Schuler, V.S. 1967 Progress Report on Swim Speed Study conducted on Fishes in conowingo Reservoir, icthyoAogical i Associatcs Report No. lE. '
Siegel, s., 1956. Non-parametric Statistics. McGraw-Hill Co. ! Inc.,-New York. 312 pp. Sparks, R. E. and W. C. Starrett, 1975 An Electrofishing ;
~
. usurvey of the Illinois River, 1959 - 1974 Illinois Natu,ral History Survey Bulletin 31(8): 317-380.
Starrett, W.-C. 1971. A Survey of the Mussels (Unionacea) of ' the Illinois River: a pc11uted stream. Illinois Natural History Survey Eu11etip 30(5): 267-403 Starrett, W. C. 1972. Man and the Illinois River, p.131-16 In: -R.-T. Oglesby,-C. A. Carlson, and J. A. McCann (eds.)9 . River Ecology and Man. Proceedings of an International Symposium on River Ecology and the Impect of Man, held at the University of' Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, June 20-23,- 1971. -Academic Press. New-York. 465 p. , 3 Starrett, W. C. and H. Crum, Jr. 1964. Comparison of two Illinois River Sections 100 miles apart. Monthly Fich. Res. Le tte r. - 4(7): 1. Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie, 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc., New York,. 4c] pp. Stinauer, R. 1974. 1973 Fishery survey of the Illinoic River and- ' backwater areas. Ill. Div. Fish. Spec. Fish. Rep. No. 45. 10 p. Thompson, D.--H. 1928. The knothead cara of the Illinois River. Ill. Nat. Hist. Su rv . Bull . 17(3): -235-320. E U.-S.--Atomic-Energy Commission. 1973 Final Environmental Statement related to the LaSalle - County Nuclear Station. Commonwealth Edison Company Docket Nos..bO-3(3, 30-j(4 U. S.: Environmental Protection-Agency, 1976, tevelopment Document for Best- Technology Available for the Location, Design, Construction and Capacity of Cooling Water Intake Structures for Minimizing Adverse Environmental-Impact. EPA 440/1-To/015-a, L* Washington, D. C. 'l L
,_ Wa.rren,cC.EE., 1971, Biology and Water ?ollution Control, I
W. 3. Saunders Co., Fn11adelpnia, Pennsylvania, a 5 l . L 7. 3-
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