ML20071C059
| ML20071C059 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Limerick  |
| Issue date: | 09/12/1978 |
| From: | Schortman E, Urban P E.H. BOURQUARD ASSOCIATES, INC. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20071C036 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8303010447 | |
| Download: ML20071C059 (62) | |
Text
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*l . = c A SURV7 0F CULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE AREA 0F THE F110 POSED POI!!T PLEASANT PUNFING FACILITIES, C012ItiED TRANSI"IS3 ION MAIN, BRADSHAW RESERVOIR, NORTH BRANCH MAIN AND PEREIOf4EN It.AIN, BUCKS COUNTY, PErlNSYLVANIA Edward M. Schortman and Fatricia A. Urban l
Subeltted to E. H. Bourquard Associates, Marrisburg, Pa.,
~~
September 12, 1978,. by Edward.?1. Schortman and Fatricik A.
. Urban.
T 2 8303010447 830225 PDR ADOCK 05000352 A PDR 1 _ __ =._
4 . .__ _ _ _._ _ .-- 9 1 s TABLE OF C3HTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AMD TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,.111 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RE30URCES . ...... .' 1 Prehistoric 1 ' { Historic 6
^ FIELD IHVE3TIGATIONS . . . ............ 10 General I*ethodology 11 Point Pleasant Area 12 Combined Rain. 16
!! orth Branch 18 Bradshaw Reservoir 20 Perkiomen Main 20 EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . ...........33 Point Pleasant-Combined-Horth Branch EFFECTS. . . . . . . . . . . ...........34 ~
Point Pleasant-Combined-Horth Branch REcorMEdDATIONS. . . . . . .. .......... . 35 Point Pless3nt-Combined-Dorth Branch EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3radshaw-Perkiomen EFFECTS. . . . . . . . . . . ........... 38 Bradshaw-Perkiomen RECOIS'ENDATIONS. . . . . . . ...........39 Bradshaw-Ferkiomen FIGURSS AHD TABLES . . . . . ........ . . . 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY , . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 58 l
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y . . _ . . _ _ _ . . _ _ . ___ _. il s s LI3T OF FIGURES A!iD TABLES ' Fig. 1 - Location of Prehistoric Sites Hear Point,, Pleasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Fig. 2 - Prehistoric Find-Sites in the Vicinity i of the Proposed Project. . . . . . . . 2 42 l Fig. 3 - Plan of Feature. Op 1A, Point Pleasant . . 43 Fig. 4 - Location of Op 1B, Point Pleasant. . . . 44 Fig. 5 - Location of Op 10, Point Pleasant. . . . Fig. 6 - Op 13 Section.". . . . 45
. . . . . . . . . . 46 Fig. 7 - Op 1C Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Fig.
Fig. 8 - Location of Op 3A. Combined Main . . . . . 4,7 9 - Op 3A Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig.10 - Location of Op 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 50-Fig.11 - Location of Op 4A, Deep Run. . . . . . . 51 Fig. 12 - Op 2A Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Fig.13 - Op 4A Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Fig.14 - Location of OP 5A, Cabin Run . . . . . . 53 Fig. 15 - Op 5A 3 action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Fig. 16 - Location of Op 6A, Perkiomen Creek . . . 55 Table 1 - Finds,. Op 1B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2 - Finds, Ops 5A, SD 5 surface and Center . 49 School Road Area . . . . . . . .. . . . . 56 \ Y r _ _ _ _ _ = - - - - - - - - - -
s _ ._. _. _. ._ _ _ _ ._.. . _ . . __ 111 Ii4T10D:.OTIOli In this report, we have concentrated on severdi as!ects of the prehistoric-historic cultural resources sur.veys the nothods and rasults of on-the round archeolo-ical research; the pertinent archiv71 informations and the evaluntion of the projects possible effects, with recommenda-tiens for alleviation. This sta:cment does not include a tener?1 review of the prehistory and history of Bucks County, or the two townships through which the project will pass. Such a review would have lengthened an already - long reports and the lack of very specific information on the regions to be effected indicated to us a corresponding l lack of utility adhering to such a review.
. In the cours~e of our work we were assisted by many indivihuals and institutions. *'e would like to thank i
' Willinm Taylor of the Neshaminy Water Resources Authority for his tour of the Authority's properties and his kind 1
assistance in other areas. The Parks Department provided us with digging equipment, and cleared a feature on the Point Pleasant property. We wauld also like to thank the librarian of the Bucks County Planning Commission's library, and the staffs of these offices: the ileshominy dater Re-sources Authority: the Bucks County Conservancy and the
. L*ercer Museum. l Kathleen O'Connell advised us on mills r
in theenunty,andOlgaCheselerofferedinvaluableekhmentson the work. Finnily, a general thank-you to the land owners who permitted our digging'and rnsweref Our questions.
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1 i . PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES Archaeologie=', survey in Bucks County, Pennsylvania has I a Ic.1g, albeit sporadic, history of occurrence. Wh'ile in i
. recent years systematic attempts have been launched to locate and assess the significance of historic and prehistorie sites in this county, e.g. the work of the Bucks County Conservancy, much of the earlier studies were carried out on a casual and part-time basis (see Witthoft 1950), Despite this style of research, however, certain potentially significant features have been identified through the years which must _
be kept in mind in the construction of the proposed water-main and related facilities. In the following presentation, prehistoric locales situated near the line of the proposed
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pipeline will be dealt with first, followed by a consideration of historic structures. In the area of Point Pleasant, 4 archaeological sites were identified by Henry Mercer working in the late 19th l century, from the late 1880's to the early 1890's (Mercer 1897). One of these, the Lower Black Eddy site, possibly first i discovered'by John Ruth in the 1870's (Witthoft 1950:302-303), is located on/in a low rise between the Delaware River and
, the Pennsylvania Canal, c. 300-350 feet southeast of the proposed line of the pipe linking the Point Pleasant Puaping
'.- StationwiththeIntakestructureontheDelawaref(Mercer 1897:
k 70-85: see Pigure 1). The position of this site may be as
l , _ _ _ . _ _ _ . . _ _ . . . _ . - . _ . _ .-_ .- ? .
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much as 500-600' from the proposed line of the pipe, however, as Mercer's mape. drawn in 1893, does not provide
, sufficent information from which to derive the precise location f
of his site. A field reconnaissance in the area (see the Field Research Section below), while discovering no surface remains, did locate a rise of comparable dimensions and in the same relative location with repect to the Pennsylvania i Canal lock and Inn as described by Mercer. The location of this rise seems to support the situation of this site at the approximate distance noted above. The extent of the site was'never determined by Mercer, though his excavations did reveal that it consisted of two culture-bearing levels: an upper layer extending from the surface down 2 i-3t' and a lower, blackened level 1 - l'1o" thick. These levels were separated by a deposit of sterils sand, perhaps deposited by flooding, c. It - 3' thick
- (Mercer 1897 70-72). While no detailed lists of Mercer's finds seems to exist, the upper cultural level apparently i
contained fragments of aboriginal pottery, fire-cracked rocks, celts, net sinkers, animal bones, jasper and argillite chips, hammerstones, charcoal, stone " blades", tool blanks or pre-forms ("turtlebacks") and 5 triangular projectile Points. The latter items are considered diagnostic of the
, Late Woodland period of occupation in Eastern North America (c. 1000-1550 A.D.) (Mercer 1897:74-77: Witthoft 1965 24-26,32).
" Mixed in" with this indigenous material were several glazed l
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4 i 0 1 O pottery sherds and a possible gun fragment, possibly indicating that this level corresponds in time with the Period of contact
., betweenthelocalIndians,presumablytheLenni-Le)hape,and
- the newly arrived Europeans. While such a date wobid correspond well with the presence of triangular projectile pointsin the assemblage, we, unfortunately, do not know the exact stratigraphic location of these " colonial pieces" and, hence, their association with the aboriginal material. The lower cultural level, while containing fewer artifacts, still reproduced the range of materials found in the upper level, with the exception of European-related items and triangular projectile ~
points, both of which were absent (Mercer 1897:78-80). The - completely prehistoric nature of this stratigraphic unit is supported by the few illustrated projectile points recovered from it (Mercer 1897s79,83). The general shape of these points , ! would seem to be similar to types associated with the Early Woodland (c. 1000-5003.c.) or, perhaps, the late Archaic ., I (c. 4000-1500 B.C.) periods (Witthoft 1965816, 25). The nature of the illustrations and the fact that we do not know what percentage of the total sample of such finds the3111ustrated pieces represent, makes any dating of the lower unit very tentative at best. The presence of 2 fragments of pottery in this level might, however, suggest an Early Woodland as opposed to late Archaic date for this unit (Wittho t 1965819,23). In sum, while Mercer's report is often vague 5nd his work did not possess the strict stratigraphic control necessary to
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o, . determine the nature and period of occupancy of this site in - detail, the Lower Black Eddy site does appear to represent a locus of prehistoric occupation utilized duringh;wo,
'. Possibly discontinuous periods of prehistory. }
) In addition to thiis site, 3 other loci in the area of Point Pleasant were noted by Mercer (see Figure 1). 1.) The
" blade factory" was situated c. 200' back from the south bank of Tohickon Creek near its confluence with the Delaware River i
(Mercer 1897s63-64). Mercer did not excavate here and based his interpretation of this site as a tool workshop on the presence of argillite " blades", hammerstones, debittage chips, and tool blanks found on the surfaco. 2.) The " cornfield . site" located on a small flat area on the north bank of Gaides Run, c. 800-900' west of the junction of this creek with Tohickon Creek (Mercer 1897:62). Here, again, the site was identified on the basis of surface finds of fire-cracked l rocks, an argillite point, retouched flakes, stone tool debittage and pre-forms in a small corn field. 3.) The argillite quarries, sunk into the attep cliffs on the south bank of Gaddes Run, c. 5/8 of a mile west of the junction of Gaddes Run and Tohickon Creek in the area where the present Danboro-Point Pleasant Pike now runs (Marcar 1897s34-60).
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These quarries apparently consisted of holes dug short distances into the slope until the bed of argillite wa s encountered. Thirteen excavations carried out here by Mercer 1893 revealed large quantities of stone chips and a few " rejected" tool blanks and hammerstones. At present, these sites do
S f '. O not appear to be datable. . In addition to Mercer's work, other reports of artifacts from the general Point Pleasant area are noted in(the literature,
,' though the type and location of these finds are o ten not i
-[ given in any detail (Shoemaker 1944:60). -
Beyond the area of Point Pleasant, evidence of aboriginal activity along the proposed line of the water main becomes far scarcer and more equivocable. " Indian" finds which are assignable to the general area of proposed construction are reported from the following locationse scattered in a linear fashion along the north bank of Hickory Rung at the far eastern - and of the North Branch of tha Neshaminy Creeks on the west side of the last eastern branch of Deep Runs and an ethnohistoricall: known" Indian village" of 9 huts located near the headwaters of the southeast branch of Deep Run Creek (Mercer 1897:38: Rivinus 1965 Maps Shoemaker 1944:59-62,65,71i see Pigure 2). In none of these cases is the exact location, nature or a list of materials recovered from these sites given. Through a combination of deed and literature research,. however, it was possible to very tentatively relate an area in which
" banner stones,. hatchets and relics" were reported found on the north bank of the North Branch of the Nashaminy to the area of property 34-15-40 on the modern tax maps (Shoemaker 1944 60). This is the property across which the proposed
, - North Branch Transmiasion Mair. would run en routef to emptying into the North Branch Neshaminy Creek' . Thislochtionis, l however, a questionable one as Shoemaker is not precise in 1
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6 5 o' o p7acement of.these-finds, e.g. whether they were on the ridge overlooking the creek or on the flats next to that body of water. Furthermore, the repeated division of the J. ands in I this area since the finds were recorded has led to' uncertainty
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- in equating older land parcels witti modern land divisions.
Aboriginal material, apparently deriving from several different prehistoric periods, has also' been reported from the area of the Perkiomen Valley, though it would all seem to have originated far to the west of,the projected pipe line (Huber 1931)., Beginning again in the area of the Point Pleasant Pumping Station, the most outstanding historic feature located on the - line of proposed construction is the Pennsylvania Canal which, l at this point, roughly parallels the course of the Delaware . River c. 400-450' to the east. Openned in 1830 as a coal-carrying route, this feature has.already been entered on the National Register of Historic Sites (Baker 1974s50). Another less obvious historic feature in the area is the site of Pearson's Ferry which was first established as a means of crossing the Delaware River in 1739 and continued in operation until 1855 (Ely 1932s97-98). What permanent facilities, if any besides a dock, were associated with the ferry when it
' was first openned are not given in the sources researched.
We do know, however, that soon after the Cave Banks Fishery
' Cooperativetookovertherunningoftheferryinj[1748they
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set up a " fishery" and " hotel" on the ferry site (Ely 1932: 98). a . . =- =- - - - -
, 7 l The location of this site is generally given as having been , directly opposite the point where Ferry Road joins River Road, or, c. 400-600' north of the projected site _pf the Paint
,' Pleasant Pumping Station.
2 Beyond Point Pleasant, the historical situation is
. somewhat clearer than was the case with the archaeological materials as a result of the recent work of the Bucks County Conservancy. The following houses and outbuildings are l presently on their Inventory of Historic Sites in Bucks County, compiled in 1976. All are at least 100 years old. .
The format ussd belew will be as follows: each historic property will be identified by its tar map number, present l (1976) owner and its address. A brief statement of what the i i properi;y consists of will also be included. l Sites along the Combined Transmission Main 34-18-11 l Nowicki, Victoria Est. l Pipersville Road and Point Pleasant Pike, Point Pleasant, PA House and bara 34-18-8-1 Myers, Clarence R. and Elizabeth Bradshaw Road, Gardenville, PA House, 4 outbuildings and barn ep 34-18-136-2 { Moran James A. and Doris W. - Tollgate Road, Point Pleasant, PA i l House
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8 i' o 34-18-148 . Dobron . Ferry Road, R.D. #1, New Hope, PA , [ Nouse -l 34-18-149 Nuller Ferry Road, Point Pleasant, PA House and smoke house 34-18-150 . Klonert, Willian , Ferry Road, ?, PA House i 34-18-153 Demuss, Alex and Stephen Ferry Road, R.D.#1, New Hope, PA House and smoke house. ' i Sites along the North Branch Transmission Main 34-15-40 Lear, Clarence S.,Mattie Durham and Bradshaw Roads.,Gardenville, PA
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, House, barn, many outbuildings Sites along the Perkiomen Transmission Main -
34-4-10 i r
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Youngbroder, John E.
. Route 611, Pipersville, PA i House, shed, barn l
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\ l 34-4-11 , Kassel Corp., c./o. Thomas Naxaniff Route 611, Box 428, Doylestown, PA y
', Hou';e, barn
. seer 4 + ." v ee r
' 34-4-17 Seidle Yantantine Y..
i Stump Road (East of Plumsteadville) House Additional historic information relevant to the location of historic properties in Plumstead Township was provided by a map produced ir.1859 and which delineated properties and . structures standing as of that date. The map itself is stored in the Mercer Museum, Doylestown,.PA. By comparing this mer to the maps showing the lines of the proposed transmission mains, it was found that the Combined, Northern and Perkiomen l Transmission Mains did not traverse any of the listed constructions. Unfortunately, the Bucks County Conservancy had no information on the location of historic sites in Bedminster Township. The land through which the Perkiomen Transmission Main will run, beginning in the area of Cabin Run in Bedminster Township and extending north to the East Branch of the Perkiomen has been designated as an historic area (Auerbash 1978spersonal communication). A detailed historical U survey of this area is presently being carried ouii by Pauline t 2 Cassell. At this time, it appears that no known historic sites l _are in'the path of the proposed pipeline. _ gg Ip.
10 l' . FIELD INVESTIGATIONS Field survey was limited'to the areas of direct impact
. by proposed construction, i.e. those land that wotlld be
.' directly disturbed by water main, reservoir and/or' pumping station excavation and construction.
The first step involved examination of the' relevant maps, after whfch we drove from Point Pleasant along the line of the Combined and North Branch Transtaission Mains to the North Branch of Neshaminy Creek, guidad'by Mr. William Taylor of the Neshaminy Water Resources Authority. This preliminary inspection on August 23 provided the basis for
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planning the a. ore detailed' survey which began that afternoon and was finished on September 8. Field operations were carried out exclusively by Edward Schortman and Patricia Urban. Adverse weather conditions and the need to obtain , permission to walk on and excavate in lands along the Perkiomen Transmission Main Right of Way regrettably slowed the progress of work more than had been anticipated. In the following presentation the total. pro, ject is divided into 5 sections: the Point Pleasant Pumping Stations The Combined Transmission Mains the North Branch Transmission Mains the Bradshaw Reservoirs and the Perkiomen Transmission Main. e' . l
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- 11 General Methodology The entire pipe ,line right-of-way and associated construction sitet,unlessotherwisenoted..waswalkedover_andpexamined . _.
. forsignsofhistoricandprehistoricoccupation.}Theareas
.' walked varied in vegetation cover from low, dense grasses, to high dense grass, to open woodland to plowed and planted fields. In cases where the ground was heavily overgrown, 4
small areas were periodically cleared to obtain a view of the ground surface. Despite these efforts, however, visibility tended to be. poor in areas of medium to high dense grass and observations were, thus, more limited in these zones. Where -; i Plowed fields prevailed every 4th - 8th row would be walked to j l the limits of the right of way exarining the cleared ground for signs of previous human occupation. .In situations where ' the owner of the land crossed could be located we would question ' him as to whether he had found historic or aboriginal artifacts on his land in the pasts if so, where and whent and if he knew if any of his neighbors had found such materials. Shovel _ tests were employed to quickly probe for subsurface deposits i of material in areas judged to be possible locations of historic / prehistoric occupation.. Test pits (7) were excavated at points wheres permission was granted: the owner reported finding artifacts in the past:and/or a conjunction of favorable circumstances seemed to provide an environment conducive to
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the location of human occupation.. In general, these latter conditions might consist of easy access to water and pocsession
,of a well-drained site for settlement. Notes were taken during
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1 s the walking surveys notes and drawings were used to record the - excavations: and black and white photographs were taked of certain selected features. '- F I Point Pleasant PumDinz Station *
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The area of the pumping station, the intake structure and the connecting pipe line were thoroughly walked on foot over the course of f,our separate visits. As the projected' area encompassed by these facilities was in high' grass and weeds, periodic clearing with the machete was necessary to inspect the ground surface. In addition to this walking and clearing, f a ws11 was thoroughly cleared by two mesters of the c'#
, Parks Department and t.wo test pits were dug, one in the area of the proposed pumping station and the other en the east side of'the Pennsylvania Canal along the line of the pipe leading to the intake structure. The features recorded during the course of this work were as follows. An inset from the Pennsylvania Canal was found immediately (c. 8-10')
southeast of the point where the pipe line is to juncture with the west bank of this canal. The walls of this construction stood to a height of c. 1.17 - 1.27 m, were built of concrete facing over a core of rough, unfaced stones and were best preserved on the north side. On the~ basis of different methods of wall construction betwee the canal and this feature, it would
, appear that the latter was a secondary addition to the former.
f Approximately35anorthwestofthisfeature{along, curving wall was noted (see Figure 3). This feature, which 1
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-13 1 l
was thoroughly cleared of all vegetation, apparently served . as the downslope wall of a terrace, with the ground gradually 4 riding to the west.. It was constructed of flat-siped rectangular fieldstones ranging in size from 16 x'5 cm to
- 40 x 17 cm. and set in cement. The wall runs for c. 13 0 m in a northwest-southeast direction and then forms a curving corner and continues for c. 6.0 m in.a northeast-southwest direction. This feature, on its downslope side, presently stands to a height of c. 88-97 cm. and varies in thickness from 25-45 cm. In.examaning the wall it was found that the southern and northern' sections were of slightly different I
construction (see Figure 3).. The southern portion seemed l better cont.tructed, euploying larger, better faced rocks set in a higher quality concrete with well-finished pointing between the stones.. The northern section possessed coarser concrete, smaller, more roughly faced stones and showed a lack of care in pointing between the stones. In general, this feature seems to have served as a terrace used to create an area of j level ground close to the Pennsylvania. Canal. As no foundation lines were discern..ble on the surface, this construction might have' supported a perishable structure. No excavations were carried out within this construction, though after it was cleared certain artifacts were noted embedded in the rough stone fill which backed the wall. These
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i - items includess an old, rusted car bumber, c. 1.67m longs a brass house ornament, possibly a lantern hanger bent into e-e _ _ ZZ-~.L. ' CZ . . _ __~ _ - . -- . 2 _ _ a ;.c :- _ z _- _ - _ _ _ . - = = _
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an "L" shaper and a concrete pillar into which had been - set an iron pipe. Notes. photographs and drawings were used to record this feature,. ?
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', Approximately6.0meastofthiswallisthe(Pennsylvania Canal itself. Both the east and west banks of the canal at the point at which the pipe line would pass beneath this feature would seem to be devoid of standing walls. While I
this does not preclude the possibility that remnants of such construction might be preserved beneath the sloping layers of thick grey clay which have been deposited in this arer., it would still appear that little of the original stone ' construction of the canal is presently preserved here. In addition to notes, photographs were taken of this section of ' the canal. N gI A 1.0 x 0 75 m test excavation (designated op. 13) with its corners orient'ed to the cardinal directions was dug in the area of the proposed pumping facility (see Figure 4). A large rock covering almost the entire area of the pit was encountered at a depth of c. 36 cm. below the west corner and was overlain by two distinct soil levels containing a high proportion of small, flat, shale-like rocks. The artifacts recovered from this excavation were found almost exclusively in the upper level, the "A" horizon (see Table 1). With the possible exception of 1 chert (?) flake, all of the material
' found appears to be of relatively recent (2sth cenkury) origin.
2 Probes with the machete over the remaining area of the pumping
' facility indicated a similar situation, with a high density LTT'~l. J r. _^- - - _ _ - _ . - . - . -
Aa l
. .' '. l of rocks being encountered near the surface. As it seemed unlikely that any aboriginal or historic material would be well preserved in such a matrix, further digging was discontinued.
T A second excavation (designated op. 10) 1.0 xI 1.0 m in
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, size with the sides oriented on the cardinal directions, was openned on the east side of the Pennsylvania Canal.(see Figure 4).
The purpose of this excavation, in addition to testing the area to be crossed by,the pipe line, was to determine-if any traces of the aboriginal occupation identified by Mercer to the southeast would be encountered by construction in this area (Mercer 1897). As a result, an attempt was made to locate the pit along the same contour,line that Mercer's site occuppied. The only artifacts found were modern glass and metal objects on the surface and in the initial humus layer. ! In connection.with this work, a brief riconnaissance was made off the Point Pleasant Pumping station property to ! locate Henry Mercer's site noted above. We believe that we ' found it c. 350' to the southeast of the line of the proposed pipe line. rise similar in its relative position and general to Mercer's site configuration 4was found under heavy growth and adjacent to , a modern garbage dump. No artifacts were found on the surface. More detailed examination of this site was frustrated by the dense growth and the garbage. In sum, the majority of the cultural material uncovered
. in the immediate impact area of the proposed consthuction would A
seem to date to the 20th century the only featurei 7:uggesting a period of earlier occupation are the Pennsylvania Canal i l
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- 16 and the one possible flake of chart (?) located in Op. 13 ,
combined Transmission Main After leaving the area of the proposed Point Pleasant
- s
_ facilitiesthepipelineclimbsrapidlyupahigh)1uff. We
. followed the pipe line on foot across River Road and over the very rocky terrain which continues to the foot of this sheer l
i rise. At this point we left the pipe line and rejoined it on top of this cliff. The course of projected conistruction along this main is lars,ely across unoccupied terrain with few natural or cultural feattr.= to serve as a guide in locating oneself
'on the ground".
As a result,~.much use was made of a hand-held brunton compass here to ensure ths.t we stayed on the - i l line of the projected main. i The first portion of this main, from the pumping facilities ! to the foot of the sheer rise, is through well-spaced woodland with the ground cover being fallen leaves. Projecting up through these leaves were large masses of rocks, apparently a continuation toward the cliff of the dense concentration of stones noted in the test pit. Op. 13 Above the rise the land levels off and the predominant vegetation from here to the junction of the main with the Danboro-Point Pleasant Pike (L.R. 920) consists of h gh, dense grass growing in now-I abandoned corn fields interspersed with sections of well-spaced woodlands, where the ground cover was primarily of fallen
- leaves. Flowing across this area, particularly id the section 3
between Tollgate and Pipersville Roads, are a number of shallow. small streams whose relatively linear appearance and consistent e ) ,
- s. ,
17 northwest-southeast orientation might sug6est that they represent either canals or canalized natural wai tercourses. Because of the nature of the ground cover, periodic clearing
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r as well as walking was necessary to view the ground surface. From the Danboro-Point Pleasant Pike to the Bradshaw Reservoir
. the vegetation consists mostly of low, dense grass with one section of very high dense grass located c.1/2 way between the road and the reservoir and comprising c.1/4 of that ... .
distance. All of the area of low grass was walked as was c. 1/3 of the high grass.
! Over the total' length of the main no signs of aboriginal activity were encountered and only one possible historic ,
feature was four.d. The latter was located c. 550' east of < l To11 gate Road and consisted of an oval, deep depression, possibly an artificially constructed pond, and the remains of ehat might have been a formal garden in the vicintity of this depression. While the area was examined on foot,.no sign of a structure was noted and the size and condition of the ornamental shrubs would seem to suggest a relatively recent period of use. In addition to the foot survey, a 1 5m north-south x J 1.0 m east-west test excavation was dug near the peak of the s. ridge overlooking the Delaware River in open woodland (see Figure 5). Half of the pit, designated Op. 3A, was excavated i . down to 50 cm. while the rest was left at 35-40 cm. No cultural material was found in this excavation.
, _ 3 Two informants
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from the Point Pleasant area remarked that
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" Indian" material w a s only rarely recovered from on top of
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-epw- . e-wee w-m m.' eer-e e sa ee easeu N
, 18 the ridge, the majority of all artifacts found in this ,
t neighborhood coming from the flat lands bordering the Delaware River. Unfort1hnately, neither of these informantefcould e + specify where such materials were usually found. . North Branch Transmission Main' l The first c. 1/3 of this section travelling west from the Bradshaw Reservoir was planted in beans with the ground cleared bet *een the rows. The rest of the proposed pipe line was in medium to medium-high grass growing in presently , i atandoned corn fields. As before, periodic clearing away , I of the grass wi1;h the n:hete was necesstry to see the ground. 3 No signs of aboriginal or historic occusation were noted on i . the surface cf the primary in. pact area. Becauseofthereportoffindsofaboriginalmak;erialnear
, the north bank of the North Branch of Neshaminy Creek a series j -l, of 4 shovel tests, spaced approximately one every 100', were I
dug over the last c. 400-450' of the proposed line of the main where it approaches the creek. The area in which these excavations took place was covered by~a very dense grass, apparently part of an old cattle pasture. The shovel tests (designated ops. 8A-D) were dug down to an approximate depth of 30 cm over an area of roughly 40 x 20 cm. The excavations rsvealed the presence of a level of dark brown silty humus
,. overlying a slightly lighter, more cisyey soil at_a depth of c. 20-25 cm. No cultural materials were foundd One informant, a Mrs. Jeanne Norwald, reported finding
" wagon wheels" and an "old gun" when cleaning a shallow
. . - - - -. - :_-- = = = =- - ---
- - - - - - - = = -- ---- ---- -
~
^
19 drainage which bounds her land on the west, c. 1200-1300' i east of the junction of Bradshaw and Durham Roads. While Mrs. 1 7 Morwalddidnotspecifytheareaexactlyfromwhiefhthesematerials
.- were recovered, she seemed to indicate that that they came
~
from the general vicintity of where this drainage junctions with Bradshaw road, north of the proposed transmission right. of way. This historic material may be associated with the house and outbuildings located on the corner of Bradshaw and i Durham Roads which are presant3y listed on the Inventcry of Historic Sites in Bucts Onunty (property number 34-15-40). - This was the only historical or aboriginal material Ers Morwald
~
. knew of fron; this area.
1 e ( e
= .* ,
4 5- w -
20 Bradshaw Reservoir . The vegetation cover in the area of this proposed construction consists of fields planted in high corn encompassipg,
. ; approximately, the northwestern quarter of the areas an area of closely spaced pine trees sr.rrounded by very dedse under-
. growth covering the southern 1/3-1/2 of the construction sites and the remainder is taken up with well-spaced open woodland with a ground cover of fallen leaves. Two possibly man- made
! ponds were located in the northeastern 1/4 of the site. The , i . cornfield and open woodland ware walked completely. A 1ine heading first southeast-northwest and then shifting to southwest- . northeast was cut through the area of densest undergrowth. A more thorough examination of this area was precluded at this time by the almost impenetrable nature of the ground cover. In general, no surface evidenee of historic or aboriginal occupation was noted in this area. In addition to this walking survey, a 1 5m x 1 5a test, pit (designated Op. 2A) was excavated in the open woodland at the approximate center of the proposed reservoir (see Figure 6).. The sides of this excavation were oriented with respect to the cardinal directions. Half of this pit was taken down to 50 cm. while the rest was left at 35-40 cm. No cultural materials were found. - - -- ( . l Perkiomen Transmission Main i Thissectioncomprises,byfar,thelongestskngle distance covered by any of the transmission mains " surveyed. In gen ~eial, plowed cornfields and open woodlands predominated I _ _ . . _ _____ _ . . _ _ _ t
~. -_. .
41
..o in terms of vegetation cover, with a much lower percentage of land covered in medium to medium-high grass as compared to either the Combined or North Branch Transmission Mains.
Because this water main abuts far the vast majoriti of its total distance the clearly marked route of the pre,-existing
~ Texas and Eastern gas line, locating ourselves on the ground was relatively easy. The only area presenting any difficulty along these lines was the last c. 1.1 - 1.4 miles where the proposed lins of.the Perkiomen Main diverges from that of the Texas and Eastern before entering the Perkiomen Creek. Along this latter route we relied heavily on the use of the hand-
, held brunton compass to ' determine the route of survey. Beginning at the Bradshaw Reservoir, the land between Bradshaw Road and the south branch of Gaddes Run is fairly level and planted in beans with the ground visible between the rows. One piece of white china was found c. 80 m west of the road, and several pieces of glass were located c. 13m from the road. The glass appeared to be of fairly recent date and was not collected. The piece of. china appeared to 1 date from the late 19th century at the earliest and was collected. The land slopes gradually down to the area of the south branch of Gaddes Run where the ground cover is high grass and reeds. l- - - This are's is presently quite marshy.. As the land begins to rise to the west of this area, long, rectangular plots of high closely spaced corn running roughly north-south are encountered.
- i These plots are separated by slightly narrower strips of low to
-~
- medium high dense grass. No evidence of historic or prehistoric W- w+ em m- - -~-
- e. ee.,,
__.mmap
, 22 occupatiort was noted in these fields or in the irmediate vicin ity of Gaddes Run. ._
A series of sixsshovel tests (designated opsg 7A-P) were E,,# ~ r dug in the grassy strip near the crest of the rise overlooking
- Gaddes Run on the west. Thesetestswererunin$woparallel-lines, c. 30' apart and spaced at c. 30' intervals across the proposed right of way. In generale.the topsoil here sonsisted of a dark brown earth containing a few stones and changing at
- c. 25 cm. in depth, to a more yellow, clayey soil. The shovel teste, cgsin, were dug to an approximkte depth of 30 ca. over an area of roughly 40 x 20 cm. All were sterile of cultural 1
_ materials. - l Approximately 200' northeast of the proposed right of N# way, c.1/2 to 2/3 the way up the slope west of the south i branch of Gaddes Run.there appears to be the shell of an_ald
.. barn built _,of._ wood and stone. _,
While we have yet to locate this structure on the Inventory of Historic Sites in Bucks County and it does appear to have fallen into disuse, it still night be of sufficent age to qualify for Register. Continuing westward, we crossed Durham oad and passed for c. 800-1.000' through several fields planted in high corn separated by narrower strips of low to medium-high dense grass. i. No cultural materials were found in this area. This finding
- was further substantiated by the owner's son who plows these 1
, fields. He stated thate.while he does hunt for " Indian" artifacts as a hobby, he has never found any on h$s own land.
1 After leaving"the cornfields the ground s' lopes down fairly
~'
_ _ _ _ _ . - . - -r= 1
~ - _ _ . . , - -1,-~~ . , _ _ T . .:--- .~.- .:: -?~1 - --
^ ~
rapidly to the north branch of Gaddes Run. Here the right of way runs principally through open woodland with a thin ground covering of leaves. The only potential cultural feature noted was a long, linear pile of_ earth and rocks locatedbc. 30'
, s north of the Texas and Eastern right of way. ' do other cultural
- features were noted in the area and'this pile may represent detritus left over from the construction of the Texas and Eastern gas line. -
~
The north branch of the Gaddes Ran is narrow and shallow though it was carrying flowing water at the time crossed it. The bed was well-definei and contained the usual plated, shale-like rocks which are found in so many streams and on so many fields throughout this area. l Ascending the rise west of this branch of Gaddes Run the vegetation cover changes to low to medium-high grass.. Considerable
~ bulldozing activity is taking place in this area, from Gaddes Run to within c. 400' of Stump Ro,d. A large pit, c. 50' in l diameter and 10' deep, has been dug out immediately west of Gaddes Run and seems to be in the area of the proposed Perkiomen right of way. In addition to this excavation, numerous roads have, in some cases, been dug down c. 6"-1'6" below ground level and, in others, have been' raised above that surface an equal height by the deposition of backdirt. In several cases these
" roads" cross or run close to the proposed right of way. We
, walked the edges of the large pit- ongoing bulldozing forbade a
~
closer examination-and along several of the "roadsh as well as l across country. The soil here seems to consist of a reddish-
,em--w-arv-- - - -
24 l orange fine clay with gray mottling and containing, at least in its upper levels, a high proportion of the ubiquitous
~
plated, shale-like rocks. No cultural materials Were noted. r t The last c. 400' to Stump Road were covered in low. recently mown grass. The section from Stump Road to U..S. Route 611 was primarily through open woodland with ground cover consisting of fallen leaves giving way in sections to dense bramble. The last c. 1/3 of this distance is through medium-low dense grass with fairly good visibility. The land itself tends to be uneven and somewhat swampy, a low marsh or creek being encountered in high grass immediately west of Stump Road. This wet area may represent the far southwest and of a Cabin Run tributary. Two potential historical features were noted in this t section. The remains of what seems to have been an old ' field wall made of dry-laid, reactangular, unfaced stones was located. The wall presently stands, at ilts highest point,
- c. 78 cm., though, for the most part, it is merely a line of stones barely visible beneath the fallen leaves. The stones appear to be the plated, shale-like stones seen quite commonly in this area and to be roughly coursed and packed around with chinking stones. This wall was c. 40-50 cm. thick, oriented N40 0'W, and extended c. 70-80' into the woods north from the Texas and l' astern line before it was lost in the dense undergrowth. ?
Approximately 25' west of this wall and c. 8 ' north of Texas and Eastern right of way a now abandoned well was found.
The well openning was c. 1 3-1.4 m. in diameter and was, in , turn, surrounded by a large depression, c. 3 2 m. in diameter. Construction was difficult to determine as the feature was largely filled-in and capped by a large flat stone:. Apparently
- the well was lined with the same type of stones us'ed in the aforementioned wall, though we could not determine in what sort of matrix these stones had been laid.
I l Both of these features were located on the map by pacing along a known compass azimuth, first to the west toward U.S. Route 611 and, later, to the east to Stump Road. The result is l that these features seem to be situated at the junction between ,, properties 34-4-14 and an unnumbered property, c. 1850' eas*: of U. S. Route 611 and approximately'the same distance west of Stump Road. No artifacts or other stending features were noted in this area. The small section between U.S. Route 611 and Applebutter Road is densely overgrown and appears to have been heavily . disturbed', with much rock rubble presently acovering the area. After crossing Applebutter Road the land slopes gradually down to the southern branch of Cabin Run, a shallow, narrow stream cariying, at the time of investigation, running water. Ground cover between Applebutter Road and this branch of Cabin Run consisted of low, dense grass and widely spaced trees. Piles I of loose rock and earth were noted adjacent to the southeast
. , bank of the creek. These appeared to be the result of fairly recent excavations carried out somewhere in the agem.
Heading WlyW from this branch of Cabin Run, ground rises 2= ._ _
- -...~.- -.. .
26 rapidly before levelling off. The ground cover changes to _ fields planted in.high corn. In these fields, a fragment of china and a fragment of glazed pottery were found. After travelling for c. 475-500'.over this land, vegetatlon conditions '
.' change to open woodlands interspersed with small fields of low, dense grains. The land is fairly level over this distance, gradually sloping down in the immediate area of the north branch of Cabin Run. No artifacts or features were noted over this latter distance. Immediately WNW of this branch, the ground i
again rises and is planted in high, densely spaced corn, continuing up to the edge of Scott Road. Again, no artifacts - or featutes were noted. Two informants, a Mr. Leatherman, the owner, apparently, of property 1-12-16 between Applebutter and Scott Roads, and his son reported that a few arrowheads were found on their property "back up towards the woods'c. 20-30 years ago. None-have baen reported found since then. Because of this report and because the land in between the two branches of Cabin Run seemed a likely spot for aboriginal habitation a 1 5 m. north-south x 1.0m east-west pit was placed in an open portion of Mr. Leatherman's cornfield on a i relatively level piece of land between the two branches of Cabin Run (see Figure 7). The excavation (designated op. 5A), was located c. 350-360' ESE of the present line of the woods. The only material found was i fragment of bone found on the surface of the pit and 2 recovered from the inter ace between soil levels A and B (see Table 2 for a more detailed description
. of these remains.) In addition, 8 shovel tests were also l
1 n_ _ in_ - _ - _ __ __ [ _ -- ~ hxx.. i-7E______1 ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - -
. 27 carried out (Ops. 58-I). Op 5B was situated c. 2 m west of Op. 5A and was dug to determine if a continuation of bone in this direction might be noted - sterile Sc was ed 6m northwest
~
of Op. 5A - sterile 8 SD was c. 70s WNW toward the woods from ! I
- Op. Sa - 1 piece of bone was found,again, at the A/B interface l (see Table 2): Op. 3B was WNW of Op. 5A along the proposed l l right of way, c. 10m ESE of.the woods - sterile: 5F was c. 100m WNW of Op. 5A -sterile: op. 50 was c. 45m WNW of Op. 5A - sterile.
All of these shovel tests were excavated to a depth of c. 30-35cm. 60 x 40 cm. and revealed the same change over an area of. c'.
~
in soils from the A to B levels'noted in Op. 5A at a depth of approximately 20-35 cm. below ground surface. Ops. 5H and SI were excavated on the southeast and northwest sides of the south branch of Cabin Run respectively, and were situated c, 2-3 m back from the edge of the stream.
~
Both showed a topsoil of reddish-brown earth overlying overlying to a depth of c. 25 cm. a very rocky lowe:c level. Examination of the stream banks also showed a 50 cm. thick level of similar soil overlying a layer of red rocks with a layered, plate-like. structure. The section between Scott and Deep Run Roads runs through equal portions of. fairly open woodland and medium-low dense
- grass. The ground is relatively level, from Scott to Keller's Church Road though it drops off fairly rapidly after crossing that thoroughfare down to the level of several s 11 streams
. which appear to be minor tributaries of Deep Run Creek.
9
, -,w,,-,---.,7,- -,---,i-, ------,.-,-----,--%-,-, - - , - - --,.,..,,.---,.-.v,.-m-,.--,- - - - . - - , - - - - , - , - , , - , . - . , - - , - - - - - - - , . , - , , . , - - - , . , . - ,
Approximately 100-150' west of Deep Run Road the ground begins to rise again, though here the land is densely planted in beans and could not be walked without doing damage to this crop. The edges of this field were examined. The only c$ltural i
. . features noted over this section were two fairly recent trash
- dumps: one in the woods between Scott and Kellers Church Road and the other in the woods between Keller's Church and Deep Run Roads. The latter contained primarily old construction materials, including bricks, wood and concrete, while the former contained more domestic debris.
continuing west from Deep Run Road to Creamery Road the ground continues to rise up to a rather high bluff overlooking Deep Run Creek. From the peak of this bluff the ground then - , drops, gradually at first but much more rapidly later down to I the Deep Run. Ground cover, after the initial'short stretch of open woodland near Deep Run Road, is primarily in low to medium-high grass necessitating some clearing while walking. The branch of Deep Run on the east side of Irish Neeting House Road is rather small and shallow, while that branch on the west side was rather broader, deeper and difficult to cross. In the area between Deep Run and Irish Meeting House Roads several linear, raised lines of earth and stone were'noted, perhaps representing old boundary lines. No other evidence suggestive
. of earlier habitation was here recorded.
A test excavation (designated Op. 4A), measuring 1 5m P? north-south by 1.0m east-west was excavated on thefproposed h right of way near the peak of the ridge overlookirig Deep Run 1 Ja _ _ _ _ _r= = = = - --- =: -
on the east. Again, no cultural materials were found here. The very rocky nature of the soil and the high water table discouraged us from continuing excavations in t.his area
- (see Figure 6). [
! Moving west of Creamery Road, the ground agalh rises
- gradually from Deep Run Creek. The ground cover between Creamery and Bedminster roads is predominantly low, dense 1
l grass interspersed with fields planted in high corn and a section of medium-high dense grass bordering an unnamed dirt road near Bedminster Road. No artifacts or features were noted _over this area. An informant noted at a family who lived in the house located just north of the point where the proposed
~ '
l right of way crosses Bedminster Road, on the west side of that road, once possessed a collection of Indian materials, This family, however, has since moved away and our informant was unable to tell us whether these materials were collected in the immediate area and if so, where and when. Walking WNW from Bedminster Road to the Perkiomen Creek, the vegetation first encountered was medium-high dense grass covering c. 750-800' of the route examined. This ground cover then gave way to a short section of open woodland which in turn was succedded by a field planted in high corn. This corn, belonging to a Mr. Wagner, was high but fairly widely rpaced
' out, making observation of the ground fairly easy. One glazad
. pottery sherd, 2 pieces of china, several pieces of burhed clayandseveralfragmentsofwhatappearstohave},beena skeet shoot target were found in this field. ,Non of the
?
- - . ~ . . - - - - .._,__ _ _ ,,._, ,_
*h' N*-" a--hm+-* .a wm , ,, , _
~ ~
i
.pottery was aboriginal in manufacture and all would seem to date no later than the late 19th century. No concentration -
ced along of this material was noted.. The cornfield was re the line of the right of way by recently cut fieldis of low,
' dense grass which continued the remaining distance to the Perkiomen Creek. North of Center School Road, on the slope between the Perkiomen Creek and the last; plateau or flat space above that creek, 1 fragment of brick, i fragment of baked clay and i shall were found on the surface (see Table 2). Again, this x;aterial was scattered and not concentrated.
The land here generally slopes down to the WNW in the direction of the Perkiomen Creek. This slope is rather gradual and is broken at several points by flat shelves of varying widths, A 1 5m north-south x 1.0m east-west test pit (designated
# f,2 Op. 6A) wa s placed c. 25m ESE of Center School Road on one of these shelves overlooking the Perkiomen. We had originally hoped to excavate WNW of Center School Road at a point slightly closer to this watercourse, but.we were unable to obtain permission. The pit revealed a red-brown, fine textured topsoil leirel c.10-15 cm. thick overlying a level of nearly solid rock fragments. These were the familiar plated shale-like stones noted elsewhere, and they ranged in size from 20 x 40 cm. to 10 x 10 cm. These rocks proved too dense to I dig through and this work was terminated when we peached a depthofc.40cm.belowgroundsurfaceinthesohheast quadrant of the pit.
i
-g---- y.- ----v y -
,g.- g ---r,,
'.g**'* -, , .
_ . , , " W*,, '= g,, . g,gg.,,g gy y, - y,----
g: ,. --
.s ,
- ;;^ Two shovel tests Ops. 6b-c) were excavated WNW of C. .
Center School Road. Op. 6B was dug 45-50 m WNW of Center School Road on a continuation of the shelf on which Op. 6A
, wa.s located. . No stones were encountered, only ' soil change at c. 25ca. below ground surface, from the [ red-brown
- fine, clayey upper level to a yellow-tan clayey soil - sterile.
- Op 6C was located at the approximate edge of of the shelf overlooking the Perkiomen, c. 70-75m WNW of the road. The results were the same as in op. 6B, though the soil change occurred at, c. 20 cm. below ground surface.. Both shovel tests
- were c. 30 x 45 cm. in area and c. 30cm. deep.
Mr Morgan, the owner of the land on which we dug, had
~
several pieces of information to relate. First, he remembered finding a few
- arrowheads" on his land when plowing c. 10-15
. years ago (now lost), though none have bben found here -
recently. Second, he remembered being told by his older relatives that there was once a small town in the area called Jacobst twn, consisting of 3-4 houses and connected to Bedminster Pike by a trail. He also remembered having seen the remains of this settlement c. 20-25 years ago at which time foundations and some walls were still visible. In recent years, however, he has returbed to this area and claims that nothing is visible on the surface. Mr. Morgan specified the location of this village as north of the proposed right of way on property
, 1-12-86 on the tax maps. Third, Nr. Norgan's uncle reported to Mr. Norgan some years ago that he had found quant ties of " Indian *
, material near the junction of Center School and Elephant Roads.
--- -- - "" ~
I No idea of the quantity or nature of this material was .ovided by Mr. Morgan, nor did he indicate at what time in.the past his uncle made this discovery. In no case did we-see any_ r evidence of these reported features along the linel of the
~ .
Proposed right of way. i t 1 2
g ElfALUATION Point Pleasant. Combined and North Branch Transmission Mains
! Sitesintheseareaswhichhavealreadybeen1[bcludedin the National Register are set out above and consist'of certain buildings and the Pennsylvania Canal. In our opinion, only one other entity qualifies for inclusion in the registry under the criteria listed in the Procedures for the Protection of Historic andCultural. Properties...,section800.10.)Thisentity,which comprises a quarrying area " blade factory" and an Indian habitation site called Lower Black Eddy site, is described above and was originally reported by Dr. Henry Mercer. The cluster is not in the project's direct impact area, but is in the indirect impact areas this is especially true of the habitation site.
We feel that this site cluster meets the registration criteria for such remains. The habitation site is a 2 component stratified site, with the upper level representing the historically known Lenni-Lenape(Witthoft 1950), and the lower a possible Early Woodland period of occupation, which is relatively rare to uncover in Pennsylvania (Witthoft 1965). The cluster of sites, taken together, is potentially informative on the topic of the manufacthre and distribution of stone tools. Pinally,
~~
the cluster is asisociated with Dr. Henry Mercer, an important figure in the history of Pennsylvania archaeology, and presents
' an instance of his recognition of the importance of workshop sites and the significance of cultural stratigraptly in archaeological ~
~
sites. a -. - - . . , m.- .. .-
u2 ~ .m - .a __., s. _ _ . j In conclusion, we_believe that the cluster of sites in the vicintity of the Point Pleasant Pumping Station qualifies l for inclusion in the National Register, but that no other
',entitiesinthePointPleasant,CombinedandNorthfranch
, 4 Transmission Main areas not already_ included warran't nomination.
- t. g.i /
$.1
[ .V
\! EFFECTS -
Direct effects of the proposed project will be felt in the Pennsylvania Canal due to the construction of the intake facility and pumping station on properties flanking the canal and the laying of a pipe line across the canal itself. The first two constructions would probably only effect the tow path areas .but the pipe line requires r disruption of the canall , including diversion of water and destruction of the 1 - l canal walls and basal seal.
. Indirect effects would include the alteration of the setting l and envi-'onment of this landmark by introducing g buildings machinery, access roads: and by the utilization of properties flanking the canal for.non-residential and non-recreational l
purposes which may be out of character with the canal's normal uses.. - Outside of the direct impact area of the Point Pleasant facility,.but within the ir, direct impact area, are Mercer's M sites,especiallytheLowerBlackEddyhabitation[ocus. The ff
.ressinch p of more peoplD n the area would increase the likliehood . . _. _ -- .-+ .-.. __.,_. .--.. -. . - - - - - - _. - . ~
. 35. , _ ,
of disruption and vandalism, and any carelessness in the disposition of construction vehicles or materials could destroy this small but potentially important site. , l
; The Combined Main offers no problems in terms %f direct
[ I or indirect effects on significant properties. The North Branch,
'however,.is an area where prehistoric remains have been sporadically found. Although no specific sites were located in this survey, ,
aboriginal remains may be encountered during excavation. These would most likely consist of isolated artifacts, but the possibility of a small camp site should not be ruled out. l Additionally, the historic house on parcel $-15-40 would be _ indirectly effected by by construction, in particular of the > energy disapator, in that such modern construction would alter l - l the propertyta environment and setting, isolate it from its I natural setting by the Neshaminy Creek and introduce out-of-character elements. REcorOGNDATIONS It is our opinion that the proposed facilities at Point Pleasant, which would have a profound effect on the Pennsylvania Canal, could proceed under a recommendation of no adverse effects with conditions. These conditions are the followings 1.) That an archaeologist be retained for the entire ce eriod or theof escavationIng intake, pump .m 6hties faci -ctier.and c.dpipe n nr.:t Mne. :: tic - W 2.) That the archaeologist work closely with the supervising engineer during construction activity and a'ssist with reconstruction. ! P
' " ~
- 36 3.) That the archaeologist have responsibility for .
, monitoring the proposed work and recording features of archaeological and historic interest, with particular attention to the construction techniques used in the original canal constructioni the possibility ~
. of prehistoric remains between the Penn4ylvania ~
. Canal and the Delaware River, and the wall on the pumping station land. -
4.) That the archaeologist be given the power to temporarily halt construction in order to record T' featuresorcarrboutsmall-scale.archaeologicalM
- N,,4# excavations to c ify or salvage features .
5.)Thattheengineerandconstructioncrewrend assistance to the archaeologist when needed in recording and excavation. l l l 6.) That the analysis of any material found be carried out by the archaeologist. 7.) That all materials found be donated to a suitable institution such as the State Museum or the Canal l Museum near Easton, Pennsylvania. -
\
8.) That reconstruction be aimed towards restoring the e s ,. - historic integrity of the canal, that is, that , v. W ,i ' ' of - the walls be reset to conform with original techniques t wherever possible and that the finished walls be
,,', t in harmony with the original appearance of the
'7
- . canal.and-the flanking locks #13 and #14, and that-
/thereconstructionbecarriedoutfortheentire
~
length of the 'canaTin1the possession' of the-- Neshaciinf Watir Resources Authority /IleshaEiny Water AJ _thority. , ,
~9.) That the intake facility and pumping station be designed.
.*', , - built, landscaped and so forth to be in compliance with the historic nature of the canal and age and
? . general character of the Point Pleasant area -
\ -
i namely that it be as inconspicuous, quiet and hidden C as possible. Indirect effects of the project on the town of Point Pleasant would also be lessened by careful attention to the final appearance of the facilities. Direct or indirect effects' l cn the Lower Black Eddy site could be miti ligt i both access to the property and accidental overflow ~from I f P e
. ,, _m, ,, , ,_
37 Authority-owned land, by means of a fence or other restricting i device. Care should be taken that the site not be disturbedf by people or equipments nor should the curious be permitted it
, access to other components of Mercer's cluster. [
Again, the Combined Main seems to present noi d'fficulties.
- J ifith respect to the North Branch Main an archaeologist should be employed to thoroughly survey the banks of the Neshaminy in the North Branch. area, and to test excavate at several places along the pipe line. The purposes of this work would be to l '
D >, a'asess3 hs ebent of historic and prehistoric remains, and
..- /
.: to evaluate more fully reports of prehistoric materials. This
. course of action would determine whether whether or not an archaeologist need be retained during construction. It must be pointed out that such a survey should take place when ground cover is minimal, and prior to planting but after plowing, to
- naximize visibility. /
Indirect effects on the h_ pro ry 34-1 ill
, - .=
.., be mitigated by attention to the aesthetics of the dissapator
.i
}.7. .: installation. In general, because of the interest in Bucks
( -
, county in histor.ic preservation, the aesthetics of all installations
~
are crucial.' Facilities should minimize visual and auditory disruption, and alter the character of the neighborhood as little as possible. l e l
.-----C'~'"~ .- -- _ _ .....
~-----:-- -
t __ . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . . _ . EVALUATION
^
Bradshaw Reservoir and the Perkiomen Transmission Main NothingintheBradshawReservoirareaiselig)a.blefor nomination to the Register, nor, to the best of our: knowledge,
. in the Perkiomen main area between Bradshaw Reservoir and the well and wall noted earlier. In addition to 1.te well noted, the area from Cabin Run to the Perkiomen is already an historic district.
l I EFFECTS , l .s. No properties in the Bradshaw Reservoir or the Perkiomen . Main will be directly effected by the proposed construction, l l with the possible exception of the aforemeni;ioned wall and well. At present, the pipe line is planned to pass directly through the immediate vicintity of these features. As mentioned, the area from Cabin Run to the Perkiomen is an historic district, and the potential for direct adverse effects does exist. Indirect effects could be felt in the area of Jacobstown, a now defunct town discus _ sed above. The limits of this town are not known nor is its state of preservation. The historic district of Bedminster is, therefore, a sensative area for both historic-
. and prehistoric sites. The several reports we received of Indian materials having been found in this area also suggests
~~
that small camps not located in our survey could be present
' in the vicintity of this proposed line. E
_ ? ~ X X = :;; L -
. 39 4
RECOM!ENDATIONS 4 - No recommendations need'be advanced for the Bradshaw ,
- e Reservoir area or that portion.of the Perkiomen Main lying between the Reservoir and the wall and well. For the area of the wall and well we recommend that an archaeologist be present when the ground is cleared in this area to determine if other structures are associated with these features and when excavation takes place. As before, the archaeologist should have the power to temporarily hal$ construction.to record features and/or to carry out limited salvage excavations: should receive the full cooperation and help af the supervising engineer and -
crews and should analyse all materials found himself and subsequently donate them to the appropriate institution. l For the part of the Main falling in the historic district or from Cabin Run to the Perkiomen several recommendations are ppf/' necessary. First, we suggest that an archaeologist be employed, to survey the Jacobstown area to supplement the work of Pauline Cassell. His responsibilities would include survey to determine the extent of the site and an assessment of its condition and characteristics. This would determine whether or not the Jacobstown area vill be effected directly or indirectly by the proposed pipe line. If the site would be adversely effected the archaeologist should make recommendations for mitigation.
-. Second, an archaeologist should be retained to work
- closelywiththesupervisingengineertomonitorfxcavations
-+ -w w --w-- - u-"--e_w a,- - - - - - - - - - , - - - - --- m~ e- e ,-
for the pipe line in the Cabin Run to Perkiomen area. In the event that remains are found, the discretionary powers and responsibilities of the archaeologist would be similar to l those discussed'for the Pennsylvania Canals { 1.) The archaeologist should monitor constru tion activity and record any finds. 2.) He should be able to temporarily-halt work to make field assessments and to excavate and record features. 3.) He should analyze any finds and see that they are d'onated'to the appropriate institution. Possible indirect effects outside the actual construction area would be mitigated by careful attention to restoration of ground cover and by designing inconspicuous outlet facilities _ on the Perkiomen Creek , The final results of construction should be in keeping with the historic nature of the districts and it should be remembered that the residents of Bucks County areparticular(1concernedwiththehistoricintegrityand appearance of their communities. 4 l 2
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Figure 1 - LOCATION OF PREHISTORIC SITES NEAR. POINT. PLEASANT. PUMPING FACILITI . .
, (after Mercer 1897)
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I t i Figure 2 - PREHISTORIC FIND-SITES IN TAE VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
. (from Rivinus 1965) -
r s. . , ,, NOTE: Mercer (1897) places the " Indian Village" along the '
'"'c Delaware River south of Hickory Creek, not north of it as on this map.
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. FIGURE 3 Plmri of 7 .ture, Op 1A, Point -
i PleasantStelu I l**v 4 1 4
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l ~ 3 l /M1li ll k ! , FIGURE 5. Location of OP 10. Point Pleasant < ames a emme - e u ==en = ansum. a. seem, em -- e sia - asses swam nam a as .mes asse iae er en.em numan
~
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! t in aan i i I I e i 1 I 1 i iiE i ' an' waygg gggggggg3 ggyELOPtfENT PLAN
~
I POND PMASANT PUhrNf6 FACR.mES PONT PGEASANT PUMPING 5tnTON ABS OffA81E b SENERAL PLAN AND PROFLE *
=G .
l l LK00Ug INC. t 8"E COUNTY OF SUCIES " " " *
- m ' *** NEsHAMINY WATER
l = s==es. = == .'."s mEsounCts AUTHomTv
l . . - . . . 46 FIGURE 6. Operation 1B - POINT PLEASANT
- Seesen woe, N V _~
C 9 ,
~ '
. .- *- E 2.5 Y -.C h* 1. . .
eMe xEr. A - Dark grey-brown humuss fine-textured loosely packed among the rocks many rocks and roots. - B - Orany yellow, fine-textured, clayey soils more dense than A and with.slightly fewer rocks pockets of clay seem to alternate with stone concentrations , l PIGURE 7 , l Operation 1C - DEIAWARE RIVER /DEIAWARE CANAL is ' ss Y V, t~ V - l'
,1 1 .
J 1m_ l s L . - .-=== - . -*$ H e me.- KEYS s A - Dark brown, fine-textured' humus, with very many roots N - Intermediate level, where A grades into B 3 - Yellow-brown, sandy soil loosely compacted: few to no roots
.R - Very heavy concentrations or roots _.
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. I FIGURE 8. Location of 0.P 3A, Combined L'ain .
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_ _ _ __ __ = _____ _______ _ -_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ __ _ . _ .___ _=_ __ ___ ._ __ ___ __ _____ ._ _ t t __ _ _ ____ __ __._______._ __________ _ __ _______ ____.____ __ _____ =______ i _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ _ =_ __ _ _______-____ __________ ___.___.____.___________ _ ___.__ _________ _ _ ____=_ __.___.__ n_ _ _____.._ __ _ _ _ __.___=_== _ _ __ __ __ __. __ __ _. __ ___ . _ ___________ _ _ _ _ _ = _ _ - _ ___.____________.__.__.__.___=_e_ ___._._
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=
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_ . __.____m_=_.__.__x __.______z=__._______._____________.________-_ _= = = = = = = = = _ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = . i PROFILE , - _. . 4 eo E.F b. e O 4 i ===== .-
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[- FIGURE 9. Operation 3A hlLUFF OVERI40 KING DEIAWARE. y a kf Nf- " i o%
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1 f a no - KErs ,. .. A - Yel5ow-brown, soft, fin -textured humus, with many roots and small rocks Y - Yeliow-tan, fine-grained, clayey soils well compacted and tough to excaintes a few large roots and a few rocks ,.
~ R - mottled red-orange and yellow clay like soils fine-textured: hard and compacted breaks along natural boundaries between lomps which have a gray-white or red coatings very few stones or roots, which occur,
. if at all, near the boundary with level Y I:
G G e***9's#** he* 9 *Me ***
., . 49 TABLE 1 Finds .
Excavation Unite op.13-1, level A y
, s.
Fired clay, unglazeds 9 pieces-lightorangeincolorsnovisibb.e' tempers
- c. 3-5 mm. thicks appears to be part of a bowls date uncertain but definitely post-colonial.
. Fired clay,,glazeds t 2 pieces - white body, white glaze with green. decoration near apparent ring 2miiu. thicks shape not determinables modern.
Glassa 1 piece - elear glass with very faint green tints flat like window glasse undatable. Stonee 1 piece - orange-brown flakes possibly cherts very small. i y
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/ 50 4
FIGURE 10. Location of OP 2A, Bradshaw Reservoir '. n ,. y, .
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/,/ NESHAMINY CREEK
, g' "**""
WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PLA
- Fbint Pleasant Purnpin3F .ciMO Br,W. sea, s'e.,er swr enn' Arie,o Stars
[r Ger.sve/ Han 6 E. co.santas H. BOURQUARD.. .vo ute ist.autus ASS 00 n.
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, NE$HAMINY WATER ,
T m a 4. A,e,d RESOURCES AUTMontTY -
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I , 51 FI".rURE 11. Loca'; ion of OP 4A , Deep 'Run i . r< R 1
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- WATER RESOURCES DEVCLOPMENT PLAN Avut Pkasant PumpMy &cilitie.r Pediomen Transmissias Arh.9a' nffMk
*- Jiafibn230tvfo26/@
=
E. H. BOURQUARD ASSOCIATES, INC. consuttwec uvonnexc Encastres seaan
*}jpg COUNTY OF BUC.:4 NESHAMINY WATER *,,,* * * " , ' *
- sama.
#5 Shun RESOURCES AUTHORITY . .se _
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52
.. FIGURE 12 Operatiorr 2A - BRADSMAW RESERVOIR n _--
me
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* + - [
l
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o ao KEY .' , A - Dry, powdery dark gray-brown humuss very fine-textureds many roots B - Yellowish' tan fine-grained soil more densely packed than A, but with fewer roots C - Similar.to B. but with orange mottling which increases with depth, as does density a few small roots: the orangish mottles tend to separate along natural boundaries which are coated with a gray-white colored soil D - orange to rust colored, fine-textured soils densly packeds a few fine roots: breaks into lumps which have gray-white coating FIGURE 13 Overation 24- DEEP RUK . N" . Y kf ss as u
- o. -
e . 9 .7 , -
*5 ^
_.-.-. ,_,g,= p
. m o um KEY: .' .
A - Dark red-brown fine-textured humuss many grass roots: few rocks near surface, but stones increase with depth S - Same matrix as A, but densely packed with stones I R - Dark red-brown clayey soil, with some orange tints almost solidly drawing):packed very wat with stones (these are not indica'ed
- on the 9
W - Soil, stones like R down from SE corner but water stands in level below 43 cm - m . w. m a_ em e======w -ew + e***w - e - - - + + = * * * * *
- 3) s s
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FIGURE 14 Locatio' of 0P 5A, nR
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KEY: some pebbles and A - Yeliow-brown, fine-textured soils small .: stones at ttling . B - Yellow-tan, fine-grained soils d moregrades densely to ora also presents a few more rocks than A, an compacted d rocks B'- Same matrix a B but with many orange and t rerocks stain so denself concentrated colors tough, dense area, difficult to excava h ut pite this type of soil occurs in patches throug o b
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8GURE 16. Location of OP 6A, ~P kiomen Creek
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. - ., . . . 56 \
TABLE 2 Finds Excavation Unitse f Op. 5A-1, surface I Fired. clay, glazeds 1 piece - buffs body pastes appears to be a bowl fragments exterior has white glazes interior dark brown to black glazes modern 1 piece - orange paste probably a bowl fragments interior dark brown glazes exterior smoothed but not glazeds modern. Op. SA-2, contact of levels A and B
.~
Bone, Animals 1 fragment of proximal right femurs immature modern mammal, possibly a racoon. 1 fragment of a long bone, medium-large mammal, possibly a deer. Op SD-1, contact of levels A' and B < Bone. Animal 1 fragment of a lon probably a humerus.g bone, small-medium mammal, Op 5, generalsurface Bone. Animal i . 1 distal femur fragment, medium-sized mammal, unidentified. Corn Field South of Center School Road - . Fired clay, unglazeds 8 pieces - dark buff paster fine textured with no visible tempers one side side is dark brovn on the surfaces shape indeterminate, possibly these are not fragments of a vessel but burned clay froi other activitiess historic period, but undatable. 2
- l
- 6
__wo-e.g- **h*~~ - * * * * = * * ' * * * * * *'"
=4mw- *- mum q _ - -
^
. . . 'i * -
57
. TABLE 2 (cont.)
Finds
, Excavated Units: -
[
; Fired Clay, ~.glazede '
1* piece - buff paste, white glaze exterior and interior Possibly a plate fragment. 1 piece - buff pastes probably a bowl fragments dark brown glaze interiors plain exterior. 2 pieces - black pastes white paints appear to be from skest shooting targets. Field North of Center School Road Shells _ 1 unidentified mussel-type fragment. Fired clay, unglazed: 1 piece - no definite shapes fine-textured dark orange to buff. 1 piece - bricks red-oranges fine-textured no visible tempers 1 side striated with c. 1 cm. wide grooves. I l l I \ l 2
- 1 l
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O 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, Charles Conrad 1912 Ten Year's Diggings in Lenape Lands 1901-1911. Trentons fiaccrullish and Quigley Printers c E. H. Bourquard Associates ! 1972 Location of Point Pleasant Pumping Station, Combined Transmission Main, Bradshaw Pumping Station and Reservoir, and North Branch Transdssion Main. Point Pleasant Pumping Facilities-Design Report No. 2. Ely, Warren S. 1932 The Early History of Point Pleasant. Bucks County Historical Society Vol. VIs 96-102 Huber, David 1931 The Indians of the Perkiomen Valley. The Perkiomen Region Vol. II (4): 99-135 J, MacReynolds, George ~ 1955 Place Names in Bucks County. Doylestowns Bucks County Historical Society -
. Mercer, Henry C. ~
, 1897 The Antiguity of Man in the Delaware Valley and the L Eastern united States. Publications of the University of Pennsylvania. Series in Philology, Literature, and Archaeology Vol. VI t ( Rivinus, Willis N. 1965 The Redman in Bucks County. New Hope, PA. Shoemaker, inn G. 1944 The Red Man in Bucks Countys A Research into the Early History of the Delaware Valley Indians. Unpublished Ms., Bucks County Historical Society Thurman, Melburn Delano 1973 The Delaware Indians: A Study in Ethnohistory. Unpublished Phd. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara 2
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