ML20064D474

Reservoir Spray Sys Test for Short Circuiting

ML20064D474
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Site:	North Anna
Issue date:	11/03/1978
From:	VIRGINIA POWER (VIRGINIA ELECTRIC & POWER CO.)
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ML20064D468	List: ML20064D462 ML20064D474
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NUDOCS 7811070151
Download: ML20064D474 (64)

Text

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l THE NORTH ANNA SERVICE WATER RESERVOIR SPRAY SYSTEM TEST FOR SHORT-CIRCUITING 4

VIRGINIA ELECTRIC AND POWER COMPANY RICHMOND, VIRGINIA OCTOBER, 1978

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Copyright @l978 By Virginia Electric and Power Company All rights reserved. This document or any part thereof must not be reproduced without the written permission of the Virginia Electric and Power Company.

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4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures ................................................ 11 List of Tables ................................................ iv I. Introduction ...............'.............................. 1 II. System Description ....................................... 3

. III. Test Procedure ........................................... 5 IV. Instrumentation .......................................... 10 V. Resul ts and Di scu ssion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 VI. Summary .................................................. 19 1

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9 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES .

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1. SWR Spray System General Arrangement 22

2. Schematic Drawing of the North Anna Units 1 and 2 Service Water Pumphouse 23

3. Intake'and Heate'd Water Temperatures from 195:07:00 to 196:06:30 24

4. Pond Thermal Cross Section Beginning 195:05:45 25

5. Wind Conditions from 195:07:00 to 196:06:30 26

.6. Transient Wet and Dry Bulb .

Temperatures from 195:07:00 to 196:06:30 27

7. Solar Radiation from 195:07:00 t to 195:20:44 28

8. Surface Temperatures at Representative Locations from 195:07:00 to 196:06:30 29

9. Vertical Temperature Distribution t

- within Spray Array B from 195:07:00

( . to 196:06:30 30

10. Plant Intake Profile Temperatures from 195:07:00 to 196:06:30 31

11. Pond Thermal Cross Section .

Beginning 195:07:55 32

12. Pond Thermal Cross Section Beginning 195:09:03 33

13. Pond Thermal Cross Section i Beginning 195:10:00 34

14. Pond Thermal Cross Section Beginning 195:10:57 35 ii

e* t FIGURES CON'T ,

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15. Pond Thermal Cross Section Beginning 195:12:40 36

16. -

Pond Thermal Cross Section

'Beginning 195:15:56 37

17. Pond Thermal Cross Section Beginning 195:17:08 38

- 18. Pond Thermal Cross Section l Beginning 195:18:03 39 2

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LIST OF TABLES TABLE -PAGE

1. Instrumentation Characteristics i for the Short-Circuiting Test 40

2. . Vertical Temperature Distribution 5 i for a Cross Section of the Pond Temperature Beginning 195:05:45 _41 a

3. Wind Speed and Wind Directions from 195:07:00 to 196:06:30 42

4. ' Wet and Dry' Bulb Temperatures 43 1

5. Incident Radiation from 195:07:00

• l to 195:20:44 44 '

! 6. Representative and Average Surface f l Temperatures 45 j

7. Plant Intake and Heated Water i Temperatures 47

8. Vertical Temperature Distribution at the Service Water Pump House 48 l

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9. Vertical Temperature Distribution in t Spray Array B. 50 t

10. Vertical Temperature Distribution F for a Cross Section of the Pond  :

Temperatures Beginning 195:07:55 51  :

I 11. Vertical Temperature Distribution for a Cross Section of the Pond l Temperatures Beginning 195:09:03, 52 -

12. Vertical Temperature Distribution ,

for a Cross Section of the Fond t Temperatures Beginning 195:10:00 53  ;

Vertical Temperature Distribution

13. I for a Cross Section of the Pond Temperatures Beginning 195:10:57 54

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14. Vertical Temperature Distribution * '

for a Cross Section of the Pond .

Temperatures Beginning 195:12:40 55 i

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TABLES CON'T ,

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15. Vertical Temperature Distribution for a Cross Section of the Pond Temperatures Beginning 195:15:56 56

16. Vertical Temperature Distribution for a Cross Section of the Pond Temperatures Beginning 195

17:08 57

17. Vertical Tempe'rature Distribution for a Cross Section of the Pond Temperatures Beginning 195:18:03 58 Y

. I. INTRODUCTION Spray pond cooling systems have been in use for many years. precise and reliable information concerning the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of these systems is not in plentiful supply. This is mainly due to the difficulty in adequately instrumenting a cooling system of this type and in accurately measuring all parameters which influence the performance of the system. Also most spray pond cooling systems are unique in their design.

It is rare to find two cooling ponds with similar spray nozzles, spray geometry, pond size, and de-sign meteorological conditions.

( One aspect of spray pond performance that has not been extensively studied is the nssible short-circuiting of warm sprayed water back to the system intake during a plant or meteorological transient. This postulated condition could only exist in s transient situation since the average temperature of sprayed water entering the pond would be approximately equal to the pond temperature when the spray pond is operating in an equilibrium state.

Short-circuiting will be defined as the entry of warmer sprayed water into the system intake due to a transient operating condition. Short-circuiting would occur when a transient condition produced sprayed water entering the pond at a

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temperature higher than the bulk pond temperature. This warmer water would be carried tc the intake and then be mixed with other pond water as it enters the i

supply piping of the cooling system. The water being supplied to the plant would a

be higher in temperature as a result of the mixing of the warmer sprayed water with the pond water. The end result of the postulated short-circuiting condition is the degradation of system performance through the introduction of the warmer water into the cooling system. It must be emphasized that this degradation in 1

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2 performance has nothing to.do with the cooling capacity of the spray system.

> The reduction in performance is the sole result of the increase in cooling water temperature to the system.

A comprehensive test was recently conducted on a spray pond at North Anna Power Station. This facility is located about 45 miles northwest of Richmond, Virginia. The test was conducted on the North Anna Service Water Reservoir spray system which is the ultimate heat sink for the nuclear power station. ,

One phase of this testing program was specifically designed to determine whether i

short-circuiting of this spray system could occur.

This report will describe the testing program that was implemented to investigate the short-circuiting tendencies of the North Anna Service Water Reser-voir spray system. The physical arrangement of this system will be discussed, and the test procedures and results will be presented.

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3 II. ' SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The system that was tested is very similar to man nspray-pond systems in its basic arrangement. A pond, the Service Water Reservoir or SWR, having a surface area of about 9.5 acres and a maximum normal volume of about 28 million gallons is used for water storage. Two intake structures are located on this pond, one for North Anna Units 1 and 2 and another one, not yet operational, for Units 3 and 4. Water is pumped from the intake structure through the heat ex-changers of Units 1 and 2 where its temperature is raised as it is used to cool

( other plant systems. The water then flows back to the $WR where it enters a spray system. The water is then sprayed into *.he air where evaporative and convective cooling removes the heat added in the plant.

The North Anna spray system is composed of six separate spray arrays. Two of these arrays are presently inoperative. They serve Units 3 and 4 which are under construction at this time. The remaining four arrays serve Units 1 and 2.

Unit 1 is fully operational and Unit 2 is in the final stages of construction and check-out. All four of these spray arrays are fully operational. The Units 1 and 2 Service Water System is a combined system serving both Units 1 and 2.

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Therefore heated water from Unit 1 could be supplied to any of the four Units 1 and 2 spray arrays for testing purposes.

The relative location of the spray arrays and the system intake is shown in Figure 1. As shown in this figure, spray arrays A, B, and D are located around the Units 1 and 2 Service Water Pumphouse. It would appear that the poten-tial exits for the temperature of water entering the system to increase immediately.

This would occur when transient conditions caused the sprayed water entering

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4 the surface of the pond near the pumphouse to increase in temperature.

Of course the natural stratification of heat' ed water and the design of the intake structure of,the pumphouse actually determine the magnitude ,

of any increase in the temperature of water entering the system.

The Units 1 and 2 pumphouse was designed to draw water from the lowest elevations of the SWR. Plan and elevation views of the general arrangement of the pumphouse are shown in Figure 2. The skimmer wall shown in this figure was designed to prevent short-circuiting. An analytical study of the effectiveness of this design was conducted by the Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This study found that for design basis conditions there would be no significant increase in intake temperature until over one third of the volume of the pond had been circulated through the system.

The basic purpose of the testing of the North Anna Service Water Reservoir spray system for short-circuiting was the verification of the capability of the Service Water puSphouse design to resist the en-trainment of significant quantities of warm water into the system intake l

during transient conditions that could cause short-circuiting.

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. 5 III. TEST FROCEDURE A valid test to determine whether short-circuiting of the North Anna SWR spray system would occur required three main actions:

(1) The system should be operated in a manner which would produce warmer water on the surface.of the pond.

(2) Adequate instrumentation with acceptable  ;

accuracy should be provided to determine l the transient thermal behavior of the i

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(3) All independent parameters affecting the transient thermal behavior of the pond should be monitored during the test period.

For a thirty six hour period prior to the initiation of the short- j circuiting test transient, the SWR spray system was operated with no  !

heat load in an effort to create more favorable. conditions for the test. The system heat load was placed on an auxiliary cooling source

.with the spray pond being operated without any system heat load during i this period. This permitted the use of the spray system to cool the pond and thus produce greater temperature differentials when the. heat

( load was reapplied to the spray system at the beginning of the test.

l Testing was initiated around 7:00 A.M. on July 14, 1978, with the reduction in the SWR spray system flow rate to approximately 7,500 gpm and the application of the maximum available heat load to l t

6 the SWR spray system. Figure 3 shows the sprayed , iter temperatures obtained over the twenty-four hour test period. Operational considera-tions dictated a reduction 1:* the system heat load, after approximately

, 16 hours1.851852e-4 days <br />0.00444 hours <br />2.645503e-5 weeks <br />6.088e-6 months <br /> of testing.

Temperatures were recorded at the locations shown in Figure 1.

Surface temperat'res of the SWR were recorded at the 8 locations shown in Figure 1. Three stations were equipped to measure the vertical temperature distributions in the SWR. One of the vertical t mperature profile stations was movable along a north-south line at the approximate mid-point of the reservoir. Of the two fixed vertical profile stations, one was located in front of the pumphouse intake structure and the other was positioned within one of the spray arrays. All temperatures were recorded with platinum resistance temperature devices with an accuracy of 0.1 'F.

The temperature of heated water coming from the plant was moni-tored in three s'eparate locations. These locations were (1) the main return line from the plant, (2) the spray nozzle nearest to the main return line, and (3) the spray nozzle farthest from the main return line. The temperature of the water entering the plant was measured at the pump discharge. These two temperatures, system intake and plant return, were the fundamental indicators of short-circuiting of the spray system.

There is no bypass on the North Anna spray system which would permit the direct introduction of warm plant return water into the SWR. The heated water from the plant must be routed through the spray

7 system. During this test the system was operated in a manner calcula-ted to produce a s'hort-circuiting transient. This was accomplished by reducing the syitem flow rate to about 7500 gpm instead of the design value of 11,500 gpm per array. This flow was than routed to the three spray arrays directly in front of the punphouse, arrays A, B, and D, which produced very low flow rates in each array. The low flow rates through each of these arrays greatly reduced the thermal efficiency of the system which was reflected by the limited decrease in water temp-erature between the nozzle and the pond.

(' Sprayed water temperatures were measured at four locations where  !

the spray efficiency appeared to be maximized judging by the spray i height and spray radius. Thus the average temperature of the spra>ed water entering the SWR at these locations should be lower than in other arrays.

The flow rate for the system was held constant during the test period. The flow rate in spray arrays B and D was determined by utiliz-  ;

ing a multi-point pitot tube traverse of the two respective plant re-turn lines which supply heated water to these arrays. The flow rate in array A was conservatively estimated by comparing the spray height of this array with the height of the sprays on arrays B and D. The flow in the A array during the test was estimated at about 10 percent of the total system flow using this method. While this method is ad-mittedly inexact, the flow value was agreed on as being a conservative estimate by all the principals involved in the test.

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8 A complete recor,d was kept of all meteorolog'ical parameters that could affect the outcome of the test. Meteorological stations were in-stalled at the four locations shown on Figure 1 to monitor wind speed, wind direction, dry bulb temperature, and wet bulb temperature. Also a pyranometer and microbarograph were positioned at meteorological station number 3 to determine the incident solar radiation and the barometric pressure respectively. Precipitation stations were position-  ;

ed at meteorological stations 1, 2, and 3.

I All test data was recorded in a central location using an elec-(

tronic data acquisition system. All channels involved in the test could be recorded within a period of 30 seconds using this system.

Table 1 shows the accuracies and ranges of the instrumentation systems used, along with the frequencies of data acquisition for this test.

The calibration of all systems was verified prior to the test.

The main indicators of short-circuiting and the general thermal performance of the SWR were the system intake temperature, plant return

, temperature, sprayed water temperature, pond surface water temperature,

( and pond vertical temperature profiles. These temperatures were re-corded approximately every thirty minutes along with the independent meteorological parameters. <

It was intended that the values of all parameters be recorded with-in a 30 second period and that such a record be made at least every 30 mintues during the twenty-four hour test period. All parameters were f

1 i recorded at least every 30 minutes during the test period, but it was i

[ found to be difficult and unnecessary to record all temperature data l

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simultaneously. The , thermal response time of the pond was sufficiently slow that if all parameters were acquired over a 10 minute period there was no significant loss of data continuity.

Two thirty-channel temperature measurement systems were in use along with a meteorological data acquisition system. One of the tem-perature systems was periodically under manual control to record the vertical temperature profiles along the north-south line shown in Figure 1. In spite of this, both temperature measurement systems were scanned within a 10 minute period of each other throughout the test period, and such scans occurred at least once every 30 minutes.

The movable temperature profile station was used to traverse the SWR on nine separate occasions during the first twelve hours of test-ing. This provided information on the thermal cross section of the SWR between the half of the SWR containing both the spray system and the system intake and the half of the SWR which is passive.

A period of about 30 minutes was required to obtain readings at the ten movable profile stations. The changes in the pond thermal structure over this period of time did not appear to be significant.

The thermal cross section measurements may then be viewed as represen-tative of the instantaneous pond thermal cross section.

The short-circuiting test was concluded at approximately 6:45 A.M.

on July 15, 1978 to permit the repositioning of equipment for additianal thermal performance testing.

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- IV. INSTRUMENTATION The temperature measurements.made during the test were obtained using two Environmental Systems Corporation 30 channel systems. These systems utilized platinum resistance temperature devices (RTD's) for measurement. The systems provided accuracies of 0.1 'F or better for cable lengths in ext.ess of 1000 feet. Each system could scan all 30

- channels and record the results over a period of approximately 10 sec-onds. This system was also used to provide wet and dry bulb temperature.

readings by installing the RTD's in appropriate psychrometer's and dry ,

bulb sensing devices.

Wind speeds and directions were measured respectively with R. M.

Young rotating cup anemometers and 360 degree wind vane sensors. Wind i speed measurement was made with an accuracy of 1 percent, and wind di- r rection was measured with.an accuracy of 5 degrees. Wind speed and wind direction measurements were made at each of the four meteorological <

stations shown on Figure 1.

- An Eppley Black and White pyranometer was employed in measuring the incident direct and diffuse solar radiation. The accuracy of this in-k- strument was 2 percent.

A Fluke Datalogger recorded wind speed, wind direction, and inci-

! dent solar radiation at the data collection center. These values were also recorded continuously over the test period (m strip chart record-ers.

l Precipitation measurements were made IJsing three MRI volumetric l

collection rain gauges accurate within 0.001 ft.

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11 Flow measurements.were obtained using a pitot tube and manometer.

The two return headers from the plant which supply heated water to  ;

spray arrays B and D were each tapped at two locations to allow munu-  :

ally perpendicular pitot tube traverses of each header. Twenty data points were recorded on each of the traverses. This allowed the flow rate to be computed with an. accuracy of 2 percent in each header.

4 No flow instrumentation was installed in the plint return header which supplied the A header. This was estimated based on a comparison j of spray heights. The flow rate in this header was below the thres-hold value for the station flow instrumentation as well. The total  :

flow measurement accuracy for the test, allowing for the method of flow ,

determination for the A array, should be better than 5 percent. -

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. V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

. i The initial s, tate of the SWR just prior to the introduction of warm water through the' spray system may be best described as isother- ,

mal at approximately 74.7 'F. This is graphically shown in Figure 4 which presents a thermal cross section of the SWR imediately before the introduction of heated water into the system. Table 2 provides a clearer quantification of th,e initial pond temperatures. In this table (as in several others) the temperature values are carried out to [

hundredths of a degree F even though system accuracy of only 0.1 degree

/ F is claimed. This is done to demonstrate that the temperature measure-ment system accurately shows the SWR in a cooling mode in Table 2 even when the vertical temperature distribution differs by only hundredths of  !

a degree F. ,

The meteorological conditions for the test period imposed an add- 1 itional burden upon the pumphouse design. As shown in Figure 4 and '

Table 3, the initial winds were from the south and southwest at speeds ranging from 4 mph to 10 mph. The wind would tend to carry the warm water from the sprays directly toward the pumphouse. With the excep-(

tion of 3 brief periods when the wind originated from the northwest,  !

south and southwesterly winds predominated during the 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> test per-l fod.

The wet and dry bulb temperatures are given in Figure 6 and Table i

4. The most noticeable occurrence which may be observed from these data

! is the rainstorm which began about 11:30 and ended about 12:30 on l Julian day 195 (July 14). The sudden drop in wet bulb temperature from l

72.5 *F to 68.2 'F was caused by the rain. The rain wo?er temperature sensor verified that the temperature of the rain water was approximately -

. 13 equal to the wet bulb temperature. .The tendency for the relative hu-midity to approach 100 percent in the early morning hours is also shown by this data.

The rain gauge readings taken imediately after the rainstorm which occurred between 11:30 and 12:30 on day 195 indicated that 0.28 inches of rain fell during the storm. This means that over 73,500 gal-lons of water at about 68.5 'F were added to the SWR over the period.

The effect of this on the thermal structure of the SWR will be. discus-

,- sed later.

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An important meteorological parameter monitored over the test per-iod was the incident solar radiation. The variation in the incident solar radiation is.shown in Figure 7 for the test period. It is evi-dent in this figure and in Table 5 that the day of the test was over-cast, heavily overcast at times. The total incident solar radiation to the SWR on day 195 was about 562 million BTU's. Data was taken on day 194 to determine the effect of solar radiation on the SWR temperature

'when there was no plant heat load on the spray system.

( On day 194 the total solar heat load on the SWR was 940 million BTU's. This day was mostly sunny with some clouds appearing in the afternoon. The maximum differential in average surface temperature was 2.2 degrees F over the day. Using this day as reference, the maximum temperature rise which may be attributed to solar heating during the test l period would be 1.3 degrees F. Any rise in surface temperature above l

this value during the test period can be attributed to the spread of I

heated water from the spray system rather than solar heating.

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The forcing function for the short-circuiting transient is shown in Figure 3. The actual temperature of water entering the~ SWR was some-what greater than the sprayed water temperature recorded on this figure.

The sprayed water temperature was measured on the array having the high-est spray height and thus presumably the highest efficiency of the 3 spray arrays in operation. The RTD measuring the temperature of water entering the spray system was located in the pumphouse. With 3 spray arrays and one pump in operation, the flow velocities in the supply

( piping were relatively low, around 2 feet per second. These low flow velocities explain the lag in response of the sprayed water-tempera-tures to the changes in temperature of water entering 'the spray systems which is evident in Figure 3.

By comparing Figure 8 and Table 6 with Figure 3 and Table 7, it can be seen that the short-circuiting transient was maintained through-out the test period. From 196:00:00 to 196:05:30 the sprayed water tem-perature was approximately equal to the average surface temperature, but it was still much higher than the temperature of the water enter-

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ing the plant from the system intake.

It is obvious from Figure 3 that while a large amount of warm water was added to the SWR over the test period, only a small gradual increase in the system intake temperature occurred. The effect of the warm sprayed water on the thermal structure of the SWR is best shown by ex-amining the transient behavior of the vertical temperature profiles, i

and the thermal cross section of the SWR at several different times.

The transient thermal response of the surface of the SWR is shown in Figure 8 and Table 6. RTD's measuring the water temperature

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approximately 3 inches below the surface were located as shown in Figure 1. The four locations shown in Figure 8 are representative of the response of all surface temperature sensors. Average surface tem-peratures are given in Table 6.

Location 35, which is directly in front of the pumphouse, began increaring in temperature about one half hour after warm water flow to the spray was completely estabi'ished at 195:07:00. This was expected since this sensor was literally surrounded by the three operating spray arrays. Also the wind was blowing directly from these arrays toward this sensor. One hour later, 195:08:30, the warm water spread to loca-tion 26 at the south end of the SWR. Approximately an hour later at 195:09:30, the warm water spread to location 15 as it moved from east to west. Finally the westernmost sensor, location 14, responded to the spreading warm water layer one half hour later at 195:10:00. Figure 8 shows that all surface temperatures tended to be within one degree F of one another after the layer of warm water covered the SWR. The impact of the rainstorm on surface temperatures is also evident.

In addition to warm water spreading over the surface of the SWR, the warm water was affecting the vertical temperature structure of the SWR, Figures 9 and 10 show the transient vertical temperature distri-butions within spray array B and directly in front of ti e system in-take at the pumphouse, respectively. The SWR was fillrj to an elevation of 315 feet above mean sea level. This provided a pond depth of 10 feet in spray array B and 15 feet in front of the pumphouse. The tran-sient thermal behavior of these vertical profiles is also presented in l

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. 16 Tables 8 and 9. .

Figure 9 shows that the heated water from the sprays immediately experienced some degree of mixing with the SWR water to a depth of over 2 feet. This was undoubtedly caused by the low flow rate through the spravs which produced very large droplets. The flow per nozzle in-array B was less,than 20 gpm for this test. The spray system would nor-mally operate at a flow rate of 53 gpm per spray nozzle which would produce about four times the spray height and much finer droplets. It would appear unlikely that these much smaller droplets would mix with the SWR to as great a depth.

Both Figures 9 and 10 indicate the gradual buildup of a layer of heated water from the top of the SWR downward. This occurrence maxi-mizes the effectiveness of the pumphouse skimmer wall design as shown in Figure 2. While the rainstorm on day 195 produced some vertical mixing, the trends toward thermak stratification were consistent on both Figures 9 and 10. These figures show the tendency for the temper-atures at lower depth to experience a slight increase in response to the continued addition of heated surface water before finally converg-ing rapidly to a value near that of the surface temperature.

The thermal cross section measurements of the pond provide a two dimensional picture of the thermal structure of the reservoir at essentially a single point in time. The thermal cross sections are 4

presented in Figures 4 and 11 through 18. Tables 2 and 10 through 17 provide further quantification of these values. Table 2 and Figure 4 show the initial state of the SWR prior to the introduction of heated

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- 17 waterthroughthekpraysystem. Tables 10 through 13 and Figures.11 through 14 present the thermal cross sections of the SWR prior to the rainstorm which occurred from 195:11:30 to 195:12:30. Table 14 and Figure 15 give the SWR cross section immediately after the rainstorm.

Tables 15 through 17 and Figures 16 through 18 present the thermal cross sections at times 195:15:56, 195:17:08 and 195:18:03. It was consider-ed impractical to continue taking thirmal cross section measurements at night.

i The SWR was nearly isothermal at the start of the test as can be seen from Figure 4. The thermal cross section measurement taken at 195:07:55 (see Figure 11) indicated that warm water had reached the topmost movable sensor (located 7 feet 6 inches from the bottom cf the

, SWR) at station 1 on the north side of the SWR. At 195:09:03, Figure 12 shows that warm water was detected at the topmost movable sensor at stations 1 and 2 on the north and stations 9 and 10 on the south. The other stations remained very near to their original value at all sen-sor locations. The 195:10:00 cross section presented in Figure 13 show-(

ed warm water at all of the topmost movable sensor locations. This trend continued for the 195:10:57 measurement as shown by Figure 14.

The rainstorm, which occurred between the 195:10:57 and 195:12:40 measurements, served to cool the surface of. the SWR and apparently stimulated the vertical mixing of the heated water on the surface of the SWR. This vertical mixing is evident at stations 4 and 5 on Figure 15 and may also be seen on Figures 9 and 10 at test elapsed times between 5.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> (195:12:00) and 6.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> (195:13:00). Mixing of the warm surface water with the cboler, deeper water is shown by a decrease l

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i in the surface water temperature combined with a simultaneous increase in the temperature of water at a lower elevation. Figures 9, 10, and l 15 show that the influence of the rainstorm.was felt to a' depth of from 5 to 7 feet in the SWR.  ;

Remarkably, this mixing during the storm did not permanently affect- 4 the stratification of the S'WR. Figures 9,10, and 16 show that after ,

the storm, the stratification of the SWR reappeared. Further, the tem-perature of the water entering the system intake was not appreciably

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changed by this disturbance as is evident in Figure 3. r The thermal cross section measurements taken from 195:15:56 to 195:18:03 (Figures 16 through 18) show the continued stratification of--

the SWR. These thermal cross sections also show that by the time the I

final measurements were taken, some heating of water had occurred down i

to a depth of 5 feet. Clearly a layer of warm water was built up over j a considerable portion of the SWR during the first eleven hours of the r test period. .

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19' VI. SUMARY A thermal transient was created at the North Anna Service Water Reservoir which supplied nearly 11 million gallons of heated water (over one third of the SWR volume) to the area in front of the system intake in the 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> test period. This heated water attained temper-atures up to 13.5 degrees F warmer than the water entering the plant at the system intake. This' created a condition ideal for short-cir-cuiting the main body of the SWR, especially with the prevailing winds blowing the warm water toward the intake.

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The temperature sensors indicated that the warm water did not tend to short-circuit the pond and reach the system intake at the pumphouse.

Rather, the warm water spread over the top of the SWR and built up a layer of warm water which became thicker with time. The increase in intake temperature over the test period averaged only 0.05 degrees F per hour.

The results of this test support the conclusions reached by the Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in their study of the effectiveness of the pumphouse intake structure.

'The MIT study indicates that over 11.3 million gallons of heated water could be introduced near the system intake before a significant increase in temperature would occur. Approximately 11 million gallons of heated water were added to the SWR near the intake without a significant in-crease in the intake water temperature during the test.

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. 20 In summary ,the test results show that the sktmer wall design -

of the Service Water pumphouse does prevent the short-circuiting.of heated water to the system intake. The heated water tends to spread over the surface of the SWR and gradually increase in thickness.

The intake does drew cool water from the lower elevations of the SWR without significant mixing with the layer of warm water at the surface.

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FIGURES AND TABLES s,,.

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Q3 Location 49-Heated Water

/ Called North t,i,z cu st m ,

" Before Spraying 3_

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Location 30-

" ' - Water at N 30 _ _, g System Intake A s19 siff -

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50' TYP n 37 "I a 14 r e  : rA A

gVA A 320 2 28 4 43 45

.A o

Sim e

o---* 57

h. 27 44 a 46

)

i 815 A1 Location - Distance 42 30' b a 26

.s Frem Bottom Location - Distance *I O- p* ,y 35 - Surface From Bottom 32 - 12'O.,

34 - 8'0" 23 - Surface xJ -

Q Heteoroiogicai Stations s

33 - 4'0" 16 - 7'0" N e Surface Temperature 31 ~ - 0'4" 22 - 5'4" L cati n - Distance 25 - 2'10" Fr m Bott a o Mozzle Temperature 24 - 0'4, e Spray Water Temperature 12 - 7'6" 11 - 5'0" A Fixed Temperature Proflie -

10 _ 2 6, FIGURE 1 SWR SPRAY SYSTEM a Hobile Temperature Profile GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 9 - 0'3" Station ,

N P

23

. FIGURE 2 SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF THE NORTH ANNA UNITS 1 AND 2 SERVICE WATER PUMPHOUSE Plan View Service Water Pumps

+ s 7'8"

(

d/

6 l

i Elevation View

,' 22'0" J,i i

. 32'2" 7//////is iis,isi,,,,,

High Normal Water Level (315'0") f f

l f/

/

/

1

/ I /

/__ (307'0") f 7'6" (301'8") /l \ f 1N W11'0" d (300'3")

4 (299'6")

Note: Drawings are not to scale. Parentheses denote elevations.

l l

l L_ ^ n A

93 -

FIGURE 3 INTAKE AND HEATED WATER TEMPERATURES 92 _

FROM 195:07:00 to 196':06:30 91 -

90 -

89 _

88 -

87 _

{

86 _

85 ~

E

) 84 _

b m 83 -

82 _

81 _

80 _

• Water Entering Sprays 79 _ A Sprayed Water 78 _ a Water Entering Plant 77 _

~

5 74

__ __ _ _ - . _ .M._._..

,ii,ii,iiiii,iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ELASPEDTIME(HRS)

P 4

p .- ,

('

FIGURE 4 POND THERMAL CROSS SECTION BEGINNING 195:05:45 v surface (Fixed Location) e 7'6" From Bottom o 5'0" From Bottom 4 286" From Bottom ,

75 .

o O'3" From Bottom A

e-

'i

-- /' y a ' -P 3

~

_ . v .,

[a '

5 74.5 -

E 5

s

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' i 74 30' 80' 1308 180' 230' 280' 330' 380' 430' 460' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FEET FROM BANK / STATION NO.

9 P

w

,~ ~ .

4 FIGURE 5 WIND CONDITIONS FROM 195:07:00 TO 196:06:30 11 -

360 N a

10 .

l _

315 9 - -

f

! 8 -

a f ' '

h - 270 Wy

\

=

\

7 -

_ 225 E

- 6 - -

d b o

o . 180 S z y 5 -

g m <

" ' 8 e 4 - - 135 g

= <

m 3 b 3 ~

. 90 E $

2 -

- 45 1

, 0 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''! '''''''' 0 N 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ELAPSED TIME (HRS)

/

e

r~ .n .

i FIGURE 6 TRANSIENT WET AN DRY BULB 79 _ TEMPERATURES FROM 195:07:00 TO 196:06:30 4 78 _

77 _

76 -

75 -

C 74 -

u E 73 g

1 w

72 s '

e= -

E

- " A WET BULB 71 1 70 -

ll 69 -

68 - q 67 i , , , , , , , , , i i i i i i , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , i , , i ft+

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ELASPEDTIME(HRS) 4

P FIGURE 7 SOLAR RADIATION FROM 195:07:00 TO 195:20:14

~

250 -

200 -

a ,

C s 150 -

i m

1 Z

5 100 -

O h

5 50 -

1 i i I t t I e I f I I i t i  ! I e i 1 I e i l i e i 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ELAPSED TIME (HRS) a IJ

.r. m .

FIGURE 8 SURFACE TEMPERATURES AT REPRESENTATIVE 83 _ LOCATIONS FROM 195:07:00 to 196:06:30 f

82 -

. \\ m

/ A, 81 _

or f

1p gg

' 'ai 80 _ e./ y 79 - 'r 1

$ A Location 14 g 78 )

v Location 15 E' s Location 26 I

h 77 _

6 o Location 35 76 -

{

75 ,%

d' 74 .. _.i,,. . ,,, ...>>iiiie iii. i ... i.iiii.ie ie i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 ~13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ELAPSED TIME (HRS) 0 AD

-n .

t '

< 1 .

,1 84 - ,- ,

1 FIGURE 9'. VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION 83 - ( WITHIN SPRAY ARRAY B FROM 195:07:00 TO 196:06:30 82 -

w[e % ,

\

81 -

\ .

C 80 -

79 -

g a: b * #'*

78 -

o 7'0" From Bottom A 5'6" From Bottom 77 - 's\p 6 %d g f o 2'0" From Bottom 7 0'4" From Bottom 76 -

75 74 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112131415161718192021222324 ELAPSEDTIME(HRS)

D

1 p .

FIGURE 10 PLANT INTAKE PROFILE 83 r TEMPERATURES FROM 195:07:00 TO 196:06:03 82 -

/ e Surface 81 -

W% 4 12'0" From Bottom o 8'0" From Bottom 80 -

%/ o 4'0" From Bottom l

\ A 0'4" From Bottom C

79 _ i l8 -

f '

!6 77 -

/ j, \ 9 \

F f. 1 l

-> 'M 76 y'

_ /

s 74 Qf>b + wn-

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3i ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,u _

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ELAPSED TIME (HRS) 4

~

, , . . , , - - - - - -~ .

77 - FIGURE 11 POND THERMAL CROSS SECTION BEGINNING 195:07:55 1

v Surface (Fixed Location) e 7'6" From Bottom v o 5'0" From Bottom A 2'6" From Bottom C o O'3" From Bottom U

E E

5 e 75 -

y 3

• m =

• N N e D -- 3

'R" -- -&_ 'Q g g 74 t I t t t L t t t l 30' 80' 130' 180' 230' 280' 330' 380' 430' 460' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to FEET FROM BANK / STATION NO.

W-4

n ..

FIGURE 12 POND THERMAL CROSS 77 SECTION BEGINNING 195:09:03 V Surface (Fixed Location)

• 7'6" From Bottom O 5'0" From Bottom 76 _

A 2'6" From Bottom o O'3" From Bottom C

E R

& v v g 75 -

r _- a 74 L t -- - - ' ' ' ' ' - - '

30' 80' 130' 180' 230' 280' 330' 380' 430' 460' 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 FEET FROM BANK / STATION NO.

W w

,!jl' b4 J

'00 4 ,4 61

)

n r, '0 39 4

i o

t a

c o

L m o o m om om ,

'0 d t t t t _ 88 V e t t t t 3 _

i x o o o o B B B B _

F

( m o om om om e r r r r c F F F F a e. .

'0 f " 37 r 6" "0 6" 3 3 u ' '

S 7 '5 '2 0 .

O 7 e 0 A 0 '0 N

, 86

_ 2 N O

I T

A T

S

'0 /

K 35 7 - ,

2 N A

B M

O R

- '0 F e ,

84 1 T E

E S F S0 O0 '0 R : 33 C0 ,

1 1

L :

A5 M9 R1 E

HG TNI c , '02 8

DN NN v OI PG E

3B 1

N ,

'01 EO 3 RI UT i GC I E FS

~ - _ - -

0 9 8 7 6 4 8 7 7 7 7 7

[w ,aE'&W5r ll I

g .

i .

FIGURE 14 POND THERMAL CROSS SECTION BEGINNING 195: 10:57 81 -

v 80 -

v Surface (Fixed Location)

V .

e 7'6" From Bottom 79 -

o 5'0" From Bottom V

C O

. e A 2' 6" From Bot tom

!a: 78 -

o O'3" From Bottom i3 .

g 77 -

5 t-76 75 - ^ -' '

e _

,~ a c4 -c ._ 'c_

74 , , i i i i i i e i 30' 80' 130' 180' 230' 280' 330' 380' 430' 460' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FEET FROM BANK / STATION NO.

. . Q h

4 m ~. .

[ .

79 -

FIGURE 15 POND THERMAL CROSS SECTION BEGINNING 195: 12:40

• 7'6" From Bottom 78 .

o 5'0" From Bottom A 286" From Bottom V

a O'3" From Bott 77 -

C v S

E 76 -

i' '

5 2

5 75 -

y 74 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' -

30' 80' 130' 180' 230' 280' 330' - 380' 430' 460' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FEET FROH BANK / STATION NO.

b

, , - , - , - . , , , _ , , - , , _ _ ~ , - . - , - , - - - - . + -_ -,

,.m - m, ,

t .

FIGURE 16 POND THERMAL CROSS SECTION BEGINNING 195: 15:56 81 - V V

80 -

y m

73 -

o e m

v Surface -(Fixed Location) 78 E o 7'6" From Bottom b 0 5'0" From Bottom

$ 77 a 2'6" From Bottom o O'3" From Bottom 76 -

0 75 -

C

_N, u - 3 3

_, j

- w U

74 , i i i i i i i i i 30' 80' 130' 180' 230' 280' 330' 3808 ,

430' 460' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FEET FROM BANK / STATION NO.

W' q V

f' /~.

FIGURE 17 POND THERMAL CROSS 83 - SECTION BEGINNING 195: 17:08 82 _

81 -

, v 80 -

p 79 v Surface (Fixed Location)

-

• 7'6" From Bottom

.g 78 -

o 5'0" From Bottom 5 A 2'6" From Bottom b 0 0'3" From Bottom 77 ,

n W  %

76 -

75 -

C c c c 5 5' K) 74 , , , , , , , , ,

30' 80' 130' 180' 230' 280' 330' 380' 430' 460' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7- 8 9 10 FEET FROM BANK / STATION NO.

CO

n .~ .

I -

82 7 V N.y 81 -

N

/ N% No 80 FIGURE 18 POND THERMAL CROSS N SECTION BEGINNING 195: 18:03 v e

surface (Fixed Locationb.,\

7'6" From Bottom 79

-o 5'0" From Bottom A 2'6" From Bottom ,

n o 3" From Bottom

$ 78 _

9 E

E '

& 77 -

E 5 w-w 76 75  :  :  :  ;  ; e 74 ' * '

30' 808 130' 180' 230' 280' 330' 380' 430' 460' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9- 10 FEET FROM BANK / STATION NO.

.t,J

\9

,- ,. ft 4

\

l i

TABLE 1 INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS l FOR THE SHORT CIRCUITING TEST l Absolute Test Recording Approximate Accuracy Frequency Range Variable Wind Speed + 1,0% 30 min 0-30 mph Wind Direction T 5" 30 min 0-360 Wet Bulb Temperaturc T 0.10F 30 min 40-120 F Dry Bulb Temperature T 0.10F 30 min 40-120 F Precipitation T 0.001 ft 24 hrs i 0-2 in 0 Rain Temperature IT 0.10F As Required 40-120 F Solar Radiation 172.0%

~30 min 0-320 BTU /

hr-ft2 Barometric Pressure + 0.5 mb Strip Chart 600-1065 mb-Water Flow Rate + 2.0%

~ Note 2 0-1500ggpm

/ Intake Water Temperature + 0.10F 30 min 40-120 F 40-1200F

\ Plant Return Water Temperature T 0.10F 30 min Sprayed Water Temperature T 0.10F 30 min 40-120 F Surface Water Temperature T 0.10F 30 min 40-120 F Vertical Temperature Profile 10.10F 30 min 40-1200F 1

i i

Notes

1. Recorded after each rainstorm, but at least each 24 hrs.

After a change in spray height was noted.

~

2.

(.

1 e

. . . . -f/

EB_LE 2 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE POND TEMPERATURES BEGINNING 195:05:45 STATION ~ WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)

SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM 0'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 74.68 74.64 74.61 74.57 ,

2 74.77 74.71 74.68 74.66 74.62 3 74.79 74.77 74.71 7'.71 4

4 74.70 74.77 74.73 74.75 5 74.84 74.86 74.82 74.73 -

74.73 74.86 74.77 74.68 6 74.86 7 74.84 74.82 74.77 74.75 8 74.79 74.75 74.68 74.64 74.64 9 74.77 74.75 74.68 74.68 10 74.77 74.73 74.66 74.66 E

i

.i 6 l

l l

, , 4L 2L TABLE 3 WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTIONS FROM 195:07:04 TO 196:06:44 TIME (Day:Hr: Min) WIND SPEED (MPH) WIND DIRECTION (DEGREES) 195:07:04 4.5 180 7:34 4.3 200 8:04 6.0 170 8:34 79 210 9:04 9.5 240 9:19 6.5 220 10:19 6.5 170 10:34 6.1 170 11:04 5.8 160 11:34 2.6 240 11:59 7.9 340 12:35 8.1.

150 13:05 6.3 230

< 13:35 10.3 290

\ 14:05 5.5 340 14:35 8.1 230 15:05 4.9 290 15:35 5.2 310 16:05 4.9 310 16:35 2.5 350 17:05 0.7 230 17:35 4.1 160 ,,

18:00 6.3 200 18:44 3.1 180 19:14 4.0 170 19:44 4.5 180 20:14 1.6 190 20:44 1.5 180 21:14 1.8 190 21:44 0.9 210 22:14 1.1 220

(  !

230 22:44 2.2 '

23:14 2.9 190 23:44 4.5 200 196:00:14 1.7 190 0:44 0.7 180 1:14 3.4 200 1:44 4.0 230 2:14 1.6 270 4.2 200 2:44 3:14 8.1 210 3:44 7.8 220

, 4:14 4.7 210 4:44 4.2 220 5:14 0.4 240 5:44 3.8 260 6:14 3.4 270 6:44 1.6 250

~

43

, TABLE 4 WET AND DRY BULB TEMPERATURES TIME WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)

(Day:Hr: Min)

WET BULB DRY BULB .

195:07:00 67.8 70.0 7:33 63.0 70,0 8:03 68.9 71.2 8:31 69.6 72.3 ,

9:01 70.3 73.8 9:30 70.9 75.0 10:00 71.8 76.3 10:33 72.3 76.8 ,

11:02 72.3 77.2 1 11:29 72.5 77.4 12:00 68.4 69.4 12:30 68.2 68.5 13:00 69.3 70.2

. 13:25 70.5 72.0 s 14:03 70.2 72.1 14:33 70.5 73.2 15:03 70.7 75.2 '

15:33 71.4 75.7 15:57 70.5 76.6 16:35 70.5 77.4 17:00 71.1 78.6 17:30 71.6 78.1 72.1 77.9 18:01 18:44 72.3 77.7 19:14 72.1 77.0 19:44 72.3 76.6 20:14 71.8 75.6 20:44 71.6 74.8 21:14 71.6 73.4  ;

21:44 71.2 73.0

( 22:14 70.7 72.1 ,.

22:44 70.9 71.6 23:14 69.6 70.7 23:44 70.0 70.7 196:00:14 69.3 70.3 0:44 63.3 70.3 1:14 69.4 70.3 1:44 68.9 69.4 2:14 68.0 68.7 2:44 68.2 68.7 3:14 68.0 68.4

, 3:44 68.0 68.2 4:14 68.0 68.0 4:44 68.0 68.0 5:14 67.8 68.0 5:44 67.6 67.8 6:14 67.3 67.5 6:44 67.3 67.5 l

4

• e o #f._ f*

1 j 'j l

l 4

4 TABLE 5 INCIDENT RADIATION FROM 195:07:00 TO 195:20:44

TIME IRRADIANCE (BTU /FT2-HR) l (Day

Hr: Min) 1 1 195:07:04 15.7 7:34 26.6 i

8:04 94.1 1

8:34 129.2 9:04 127.8 9:19 167.9

- 10:19 110.9 10:34 169.6 11:04 144.4 i 11:34 14.3 i 11:59 3.7 5 12:35 29.4 1 13:05 116.9

! 13:35 87.7 i 14:05 163.4 I 14:35 178.9 j 15:05 102.3 15:35 118.3 i' 145.8 16:05 16:35 221.4 17:05 209.9 l

(- 17:35 120.1 i 18:06 88.9 l

18:44 65.4 j 19:14 31.4 i

19:44 26.6

20

14 8.5 20:44 0.8 l

l 1

i l'

S

Y 1

TABLE 6 REPRESENTATIVE AND AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURES  :

TIME WATER TEMPERATURE (oF)

-~

(Day:Hr: Min) '-

LOCATION Average of -

10 Surface 1.4 g g_ g Probes 195:07:00 -74.8 74.8 74.7 74.7 74.7 7:33 74.8 74.8 74.7 77.2 75.6 8:03 75.0 75.0 75.0 77.7 76.2 8:31 75.2 77.5 75.2 78.6 76.8 <

9:01 75.2 78.3 75.0 78.1 77.0 9:30 75.7 78.4 79.0 78.1 78.1  :

10:00 76.3 ,

79.9 79.5 78.8 78.9 10:33 77.7 80.2 80.1 80.6 79.6  :

11:02 79.3 81.0 80.1 80.6 80.0 '

( 11:29 79.2 81.0 80.4 80.6 80.1-12:00 77.9 79.0 77.0 79.9 78.9 >

12:30 77.5 78.4 77.5 78.8 78.0 i 13:00 76.6 77.9 77.2 79.0 78.1  :

13:25 79.2 78.6 76.8 79.0 78.6 14:03 78.1 79.0 78.4 78.6 78.6 14:33 78.4 79.7 '78.8 - 79.7 79.2 15:03 78.8 80.4 79.5 80.2 79.8 15:33 79.2 80.8 80.6 80.4 80.2 ,

15:57 80.2 80.2 80.1 80.4 80.2  !

16:35 81.0 80.1 81.0 80.6 80.8 17:00 81.1 82.6 81.7 81.1 81.7 17:30 82.4 82.6 82.4 82.6 82.3 18:01 82.0 82.6 81.7 82.4 82.0 18:44 81.7 81.7 81.1 82.6 81.8 '

19:14 81.5 82.4 81.0 82.2 81.7 -

19:44 81.7 82.4 81.5 82.2 81.8

(- 20:14 81.3 82.0 81.5 82.2 81.6 20:44 81.0 81.5 81.1 81.7 81.3 21:14 80.8 81.3 81.0 81.1 81.0  !

21:44 80.8 81.3 80.8 81.1 81.0 22:14 80.6 81.1 80.8 81.0 80.8 1

22:44 80.4 81.0 80.6 80.8 80.7 23:14 80.4 80.8 80.4 80.8 80.6  !

23:44 80.2 81.0 80.6 80.8 80.6 196:00:14 80.1 80.8 80.4 80.6 80.4 0:44 79.9 81.0 80.4 80.4 80.3 i 1:14 79.9 80.6 80.4 80.2 80.2  !

1:44 79.9 80.4 80.2 79.1 80.0 2:14 79.5 80.1 79.9 79.7 79.7  ;

2:44 79.5 79.7 79.7 79.7 79.6  :

i 3:14 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79.5

, 3:44 79.3 79.3 79.2 79.3 79.3 l 4:14 79.2 79.3 79.2 ,79.2 79.2 ,

4:44 79.2 79.3 79.0 79.0 79.1 i l 5:14 79.2 79.3 79.0 79.0 79.0 l

l

- 4/4

~

Y TIME WATER TEMPERATURES ( F)

(Day:Hr: Min)

LOCATION Average-of 10 Surface i 14 26 15 35 Probes ,

t 5:44 79.0 79.2 78.8 79.0 79.0 .

6:14 79.0 79.3 79.0 79.0 79.0 i 6:44 78.8 79.5 79.2 79.0 79.0 .

r 1

4 i

i P

I r

k U

ww ~- , - ~ w

47 i

TA8LE 7 PLANT INTAKE AND HEATED WATER TEMPERATURES TIME WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)

(Day:Hr: Min)_ i

. 1

, Sprayed Water Entering Pond- Entering Plant 195:07:00 88.4 -92.0 74.8 7:33 86.8 90.7 74.9 8:03 86.8 90.1 75.0 8:31 86.6 89.7 74.9 9:01 86.4. 89.7- 75.2 9:30 87.0 90.6 75.2 10:00 87.5 90.7 75.1 10:33 87.3 90.3 75.1 ,

11:02 85.2 88.1 75.0 l

. 11:29 85.3 88.0 75.0 ,

\ 12:00 83.0 87.9 75.0 >  !

12:30 84.0 87.7 . 75.0 .

i i

13:00 84.5 87.2 75.9 13:25 85.1 89.0 75.6 14:03 85.9 88.4 75.3 14:33 84.8 86.8 75.2: #

15:03 85.1 87.4 75.6.

15:33 84.0 86.0 75.4' 15:57 86.1 89.6 75.4 16:35 87.6 90.8 75.4 17:00 88.8 91.9 - 75.3-17:30 86.3 88.5 75.3  ;

18:01 87.4 90.2 75.3-18:44 85.7 88.3 75".7 l 19:14 86.1 89.6 75.8 19:44 86.6 89.4- 75.9-l

(.' '

20:14 20:44 85.1 84.1 87.7 85.8 75.6 75.5 85.5 21:14 83.1 75.5~

'21:44 83.7 85.8 75.7 22:14 83.7 85.9 75.7 l 22:44 83.5 85.6 75.5 23:14 83.1 85.8 75.5 3

! 23:44 82.8 85.2 75.5 -

196:00:14 80.0 81.6- 75.6 1 0:44 79.8 81.4 75.6 .

1:14 79.7 81.1 75.6 i 1:44 79.2 81.3 75.7

, 2:14 79.3 81.7 75.7. i 2:44 79.3 81.4 75.9 3:14 79.2 81.6 76.0 .

3:44 79.5 81.6 76.1 4:14 79.8 81.8 76.1' 4:44 79.7 81.6 76.0 t 5:14 79.9 83.4 76.1 ,

5:44 81.4 82.8 75.9 6:14 81.3 83.6' 76.0 6:44 83.1 84.5 ' 76.1 ,

,. -. , , , . , . - - ___w., ,

48

. i I

i TABLE 8 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AT THE SERVICE WATER PUMP HOUSE TIME WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)

(Day:Hr: Min)

SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM j O'4" 4'0" 8'0" 12'0" Surface 195:07i00 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.5 74.6 7:33 74.6 74.6 74.7 73.0 77.2 8:03 74.5 74.7 74.7 74.8 77.7 8:31 74.5 74.6 74.8 75.2 78.6 9.01 74.7 74.7 75.2 75.8 78.1 9:30 74.7 74.7 75.0 75.6 78.1 10:00 74.5 74.8 74.8 75.0 78.8 10:33 74.7 74.8 74.8 75.4 80.6 11:02 74.7 74.7 74.8 75.2 80.6 11:29 74.5 74.7 74.7 74.8 80.6 12:00 74.5 74.7 74.8 74.8 79.9 12:30 74.7 74.8 74.8 77.0 78.8' 13:00 74.7 74.8 77.2 78.8 79.0

! 13:25 74.7 75.2 75.4 76.3 79.0 14:03 74.8 74.8 75.2 76.1 78.6 14:33 74.7 74.8 75.2 76.5- 79.7 15:03 74.7 75.0 75.4 78.1 80.2 15:33 74.8 75.0 75.2 76.6 80.4 15:57 74.7 74.7 75.2 77.5 80.4 16:35 74.7 74.8 75.2 77.4 80.6 17:00 74.7 74.8 75.0 75.4 81.1 17:30 74.7 74.8 75.0 76.1 82.6 t, 18:01 74.7 74.8 75.0 75.7 82.4' 18:44 74.7 75.0 75.7 77.2 82.6 i 19:14 74.8 75.2 76.1 77.4 82.2 19:44 74.8 75.0 76.1 77.7 82.2 20:14 74.7 75.0 75.7 77.2 82.2 20:44 74.7 75.0 75.4 77.7 81.7 21:14 74.7 75.0 75.4 80.2 81.1 21:44 74.7 75.0 75.9 80.2 81.1  :

22:14 74.7 75.0 75.9 80.1 -81.0 .

22:44 74.7 75.0 75.6 79.9 80.8 23:14 74.7 74.8 75.6 79.9 80.8 [

i l 23:44 74.7 74.8 75.7 80.1 80.8 196:00:14 74.7 74.8 75.7 80.1 80.6 -

0:44 74.7 74.8 75.9 79.9 80.4 ,

1:14 74.7 74.8 75.7 79.7 80.2 1 1:44 74.7 75.0 75.9 79.5 80.1 i 2:14 74.7 75.0 75.9 79.3 79.7 .

i

~ 49 Con't TIME WATER TEMPERATUP.ES (oF)

(Day:Hr: Min)

SENSOR LOCATIO!1-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM Of4" 4'0" 8'0" 12'0" Surface

< 2:44 74.7 75.0 76.3 79.3 79.7 3:14 74.8 74.8 76.5 79.3 79.5

3

44 74.8 74.8 76.5 79.2 79.3 l 4:14 74.8 74.8 76.3 79.2 79.2 l l

4

• 4:44 74.7 74.8 76.3 79.0 79.0  !

f 5:14 74.7 75.0 76.3 79.0 79.0 5:44 74.7 74.8 76.3 79.0 79.0 6:14 74.7 74.8 75.9 78.8 79.0 6:44 74.8 75.0 76.5 78.8 79.0 I

i e

o I

1 4

. . . _ _ _ 9 -

• 50 TABLE 9 VERTICAL TEftPERATURE .

DISTRIBUTI0ft IN SPRAY ARRAY B TIME WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)

(Day:Hr: Min)

SENSOR LOCATION - DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM .

O'4" 2'10" 5'4" 7'10" Surface 195:07:00 74.7 74.8 74.7 75.4 77.4 7:33 74.7 75.0 74.5 76.5 78.3 8:03 74.8 75.0 74.7 76.5 78.8 8:31 74.8 75.0 74.8 76.8 78.2 9:01 74.8 75.3 75.0 77.3 78.6 9:30 74.8 75.6 75.2 76.5 80.1 10:00 75.0 75.4 75.4 79.2 81.1 10:33 74.8 75.4 75.0 78.3 80.2 11:02 74.8 75.4 75.0 79.2 - 80.6 11:29 74.8 75.4 75.0 78.6 79.0 12:00 74.8 75.9 76.8 78.1 78.8 12:30 75.2 76.6 77.5 78.1 79.3 13:00 75.2 75.4 77.7 78.4 78.6 13:25 75.2 75.4 78.1 78.6 78.8 14:03 75.2 75.6 76.5 78.4 79.7 14:33 75.2 75.7 77.2 79.2 79.9 15:03 75.2 75.7 77.2 78.4 78.8 15:33 75.2 75.9 78.8 79.7 80.4 15:57 75.2 75.9 78.6 79.5 80.4 16:35 75.2 75.7 78.4 81.3 82.2 17:00 75.2 75.7 76.3 82.2 83.7 17:30 75.2 75.7 77.4 81.9 82.4 18:01 75.2 75.9 76.6 81.5 82.4 18:44 75.4 76.6 77.7 81.7 82.8 '

19:14 75.6 76.5 78.4 81.7 82.6 19:44 75.4 77.0 77.9 81.5 82.0 20:14 75.4 76.8 77.7 81.0 81.3 20:44 75.4 76.6 79.5 81.0 81.3 21:14 75.4 76.5 80.1 81.0 81.3 i' 80.2 81.1 81.5 21:44 75.4 76.8 22:14 75.4 76.6 80.4 81.1 81.5 22:44 75.2 76.5 80.2 81.1 81.3 23:14 75.4 76.5 80.2 81.0 81.0 23:44 75.2 76.5 80.6 81.0 81.1 196:00:14 75.4 77.2 80.1 80.2 . 80.2 0:44 75.4 77.0 79.9 79.9 79.9 l 1:14 75.4 76.6 79.5 79.5 79.7  ;

1:44 75.4 77.0 79.5 79.7 79.5 2:14 75.4 78.4 79.5 79.7 79.7 2:44 75.6 78.3 79.3 79.5 79.5 3:14 75.6 77.7 79.3 79.5 79.3 o 3:44 75.4 78.8 79.2 79.3 79.5 4:14 75.6 79.5 79.2 79.2 79.2 4:44 75.6 79.5 79.2 79.2 79.2 l 5:14 75.4 79.5 79.2 79.3 79.5

! 5:44 75.6 79.3 79.0 79.3 79.3 6:14 75.7 79.2 78.8 79.3 79.3 l

6:44 75.6 79.c 78.8 79.0 79.2 l .

4

w 5I/'

i TABLE 10 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE POND TEMPERATURES BEGINNING 195:07:55 STATION WATER TEMPERATURES (OF) 4 SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM O'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" ~SURFACE.

1 74.77 74.75 75.07 77.25 .

2 74.70 74.77 74.73 74.82 76.06: ,

3 74.70 74.66 74.68 74.82 i l

4 74.64 74.62 74.66 74.75 j 5 74.66 74.62 74.62 74.70 74.97 f

. i 74.62 74.68 6 74.68 74.66  !

t 7 74.62 74.61 74.70 74.70 <

8 74.64 74.62 74.61 74.70 75.02 l

) 9 74.64 74.61 74.59 74.71 l 10 74.64 74.61 74.55 74.71 j

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k

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L

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F 4

9

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. _ . . . _ . ~ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ ,___ _

'6 L

~

TABLE 11 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE PONO TEMPERATURES BEGINNING 195:09:03 STATION WATER TEMPERATURES ( F)

SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM O'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 75.06 75.06 75.16 76.15 2 74.88 75.00 75.04 76.59 77.16 3 75.07 75.06 75.09 75.15 4 75.00 74.98 75.11' 75.25 5 74.75 74.88 74.84 74.91 75,04 6 74.71 74.77 74,.77 74.86 7 74.66 74.66 74.73 74.80 8 74.57 74.61 74.77 74.91 75.09 9 74.64 74.75 74.84 75.85 10 74.70 74.88 75.15 77.49 i

4 e w , = , . - y - - ,

55 e

TABLE 12 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION ,

FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE POND l TEMPERATURES BEGINNING 195:10:00 STATION WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)

SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM ,

t O'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 74.77 74.75 74.98 78.87 ,

2 74.73 74.91 .'4.95 7 78.12 78.44 3 74.71 74.84 74.97 76.96 ,

4 74.75 74.89 74.95 76.05 ,

i 5 74.66 74.88 74.93 76.51 '78.60 i i 6 74.61 74.68 74.98 76.06 j i

7 74.61 74.66 , 75.04 75.81 8 74.64 74.82 75.04 76.08 79.50 i 9 74.57 74.66 74.89 77.56 10 74.61 74.59 74.70 77.27 i

k

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- TABLE 13 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE POND TEMPERATUP.ES BEGINNING 195:10:57 STATION F)

WATER TEMPERATURES (O SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM O'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 74.7 74.7 74.8 79.5 ,

2 74.8 74.8 74.8 79.0 79.2 1

3 74.7 74.8 75.0 78.4 4 74.7 74.7 74.8 78.4 P

5 74.7 74.8 75.0 78.1 78.9

' 74.8 75.0 77.9

, ' 6 74.7  ;

i 7 74.7 75.0 75.2 77.4 8 74.7 75.0 75.2 76.8 80.7 .

9 74.8 75.2 75.2 77.4 l 10 74.8 75.2 75.9 76.3 1

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t 4

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• e TABLE 14 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE ~ DISTRIBUTION FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE POND

~ TEMPERATURES BEGINNING 195:12:40 STATION . WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)_

SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM 0'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 75.2 74.8 75.9 78.4 2 75.2 75.4 77.5 78.6 78.3 3 74.8 75.2 77.5 78.1

' 4 74.8 75.4 77.2 77.2 i 4

5 74.8 75.6 77.2 77.2 77.5 6 74.8 75.9 76.5 77.2 7 74.8 75.0 75.6 77.0 8 74.7 74.7 75.0 75.9 76.6 9 74.8 74.7 75.0 75.7 10 75.0 74.8 75.2 77.4 I

\j

. -56 t

i TABLE 15 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE PONO +

TEMPERATURES BEGINNING 195:15:56 i

STATION WATER' TEMPERATURES (OF)

. SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM O'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 74.8 75.2 77.5 78.6 i r

2 74.8 75.4 77.5 79.2 79.9 3 74.8 75.2 76.8 79.3 4 74.8 74.8 75.6 79.7 .

, 5 74.8 74.8 76.3 78.8 81.0 ,

6 74.8 74.8 75.6 79.0 ,

7 74.8 74.8 75.9 78.4 i .

8 74.8 75.0 75.7 78.8 80.6 9 74.8 75.0 75.4 79.0 i 10 74.8 75.0 75.4 79.0 I

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. . 1 TABLE 16 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION-FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE POND TEMPERATURES BEGlHNING 195:17:08 STATION WATERTEMPERATURES(OF1 SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM O'3" 2'6" 5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 74.8 75.2 76.5 80.8 2 74.8 75.4 76.3 79.5 80.9 3 74.8 75.6 76.3 80.4 4 74.8 75.0 77.0 80.2

. 5 74.8 75.0 76.1 80.8 82.3

/

6 74.8 74.8 75.7 81.7 7 75.0 75.0 75.9 79.3 8 75.0 75.2 75.7 81.5 82.4 9 74.8 74.8 75.9 81.1 10 74.8 74.8 75.9 81.3 t

l

, , . . - + , , - . - . , . . , . . - - , -

a y.', 50 e

TABLE 17 VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR A CROSS SECTION OF THE POND TEMPERATURES BEGINNING 195:18:03 STATION WATER TEMPERATURES (OF)

' SENSOR LOCATION-DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM O'3" 2'6" .5'0" 7'6" SURFACE 1 74.8 75.0 76.5 81.3 2 74.8 75.2 76.6 81.1 81.1

/

~

3 74.8 75.4 76.3 80.4 i

4 74.8 75.2 76.5 81.0 5 74.8 75.6 , 76.6 80.6 81.5 6 74.8 75.2 77.4 80.4 7 74.8 75.4 77.0 80.1 8 75.0 75.7 77.2 79.9 81.5 9 74.8 75.6 77.0 79.3 10 74.8 75.2 77.0 79.5 f

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