ML20080S788

Rev 2 to Environ Monitoring Manual

ML20080S788
Person / Time
Site:	Point Beach
Issue date:	06/30/1982
From:	WISCONSIN ELECTRIC POWER CO.
To:
Shared Package
ML18155A230	List: ML20080S775 ML20080S781 ML20080S788 ML20080S796
References
PROC-820630, NUDOCS 8310180499
Download: ML20080S788 (33)

Text

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..o POINT BEACH NUCLEAR PLANT UNIT NOS. 1 AND 2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MANUAL 1

i WISCONSIN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY l

I Revision 2 June 1982

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a TABLE OF CONTENTS f

Pag _e 1.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM AT PBNP General Flow of Responsibility and Information 1-1 1.1 Specific Implementation af the Program 1-3 1.2 Radiological 1-3 1.2.1 Non-Radiological 1-4 1.2.2 2.0 RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING General Scope of Program and Scheduling 2-1 2.1 2-3 2.2 Assistance to the State of Wisconsin Specification of Sampling Procedures 2-4 2.3 Vegetation 2-4 2.3.1 2-5

! 2.3.2 Shoreline Silt 2-5 2.3.3 Soil 2-6 2.3.4 Thermoluminescent Dosi?cters l 2-7 2.3.5 Lake Water l

2-8 2.3.6 Air Filters 2-11 2.3.7 Well Water 2-11 2.3.8 Milk 2-12 2.3.9 Algae 2-13 2.3.10 Fish h 2-14 P 2.3.11 Rainwater Calibration and Maintenance of Air Samplers 2-14 2.4 2-17 2.5 Quality Assurance / Quality Control

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Pa2' 2.0 RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (Cont'd) e 2.6 Milk Survey 2-18

'. 2.7 Data Rrcovery 2-19 2.8 Record Keeping and Data Summary 2-20 3.0 NON-RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 3.1 General Scope of Program 3-1 3.2 Point Beach Nuclear Plant Functions 3-1 3.2.1 Thermal Monitoring 3-1 3.2.2 Chemical Discharge Monitoring 3-2 3.2.3 Non-Radiological Environmental Monitoring 3-4 t

(1) Fish 3-4 (2) Meteorology and Hydrology 3-4 3.2.4 WPDES Monitoring 3-4 3.3 Environmental Department Functions 3-5 3.3.1 Technical Specifications Program 3-6 i

3.3.2 WPDES Permit Program 3-6 3.3.3 NR 101 Air and Water Monitoring Program 3-7 l

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APPENDICES APPENDIX A - Radiological Technical Specifications APPENDIX B - Non-Radiological Technical Specifications APPENDIX C - Environmentai Description - FFDSAR APPENDIX u - Air Sampler Information APPENDIX E - Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (WPDES)

Permit No. WI 0000957 for Point Beach Nuclear Plant TABLES TABLE 2 Recommended Sample Sizes TABLE 2 Radiological Environmental Sampling Locations TABLE 2 Samples Collected for the State of Wisconsin TABLE 3 Monitoring Required by WPDES Permit for Point Beach Nuclear Plant FIGURES FIGURE 1 Implementation of PBNP Environmental Program l FIGURE 2 Radiological Environmental Sampling Checklist FIGURE 2 Air Sampling Log l FIGURE 2 Air Sampler Calibration and Leak Test Record FIGURE 2 Point Beach Environmental Sampling Check 1'Ist l

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' FIGURE 2 Radiological Environmental Sampling Locations i

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1.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVikONMENTAL PROGRAM AT PBNP Page 1.1 General Flow of Responsibility and Information 1-1 1.2 Specific Implementation of the Program 3 1.2.1 Radiological 1-3 (1) PBNP 1-3 (2) Environmental Department ' 1-3 (3) Nuclear Engineering Section 1-4 1.2.2 Non-Radiological 1-4 (1) PBNP 1-4 (2) Environmental Department 1-5 s

(3) Nuclear Engineering Section 1-6 1

1.2.3 Reporting 1-6 Figure 1 Implementation of PBNP Environmental Program s

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1.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM AT PBNP 1.1 General Flow of Responsibility and Information The implementation of the PBNP environmental program is

illustrated in Figure 1. This figure represents the informa-tion flow, execution, and assignment of responsibility for the program.

While the Executive Vice President and the Assistant Vice President have overall responsibility for the Company's nuclear operations, the Manager, Nuclear Operations, is shown at both Level I and Level VII of the chart to illustrate the fact that he has primary responsibility for implementation of the environmental program as well as for any actions to be taken on the results of that program.

On Level II, the Manager, Nuclear Engineering Section (NES),

and his staff assist the Manager, Nuclear Operations, by:

a. Recommencing appropriate radiological program scopes and reviewing non-radiological program scopes recom-l

' mended by the Environmental Department (ED).

b. Verifying that environmental programs satisfy Technical Specifications.

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c. Ensuring that all portions of required environmental programs are being implemented in appropriate areas by the NES and the ED.

d. Developing and preparing a PBNP Environmental Monitoring Manual.

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On Level VI, the Manager, Nuclear Engineering Section, and his staff assist the Manager, Nuclear Operations, by:

a. Ensuring that all portions of required environmental programs are adequately administered and audited.

b. Preparing required radiological reports and reviewing non-radiological reports prepared by the ED.

c. Reporting unusual or-unexpected results to the Manager, Nuclear Operations, for his action.

d. Investigating unusual or unexpected results.

On Level III, the contractual, physical, rad technical aspects of the program are actually carried out. The PBNP Environ-mental Manual is written at this level. These aspects of the non-radiological portions of the program (biological, chemical, geological, limnological, meteorological, and thermal) are assigned to the Environmental Department. The same aspects of the radiological portions of the program are assigned to the Nuclear Engineering Section.

On Level V, data ccupilation, technical interpretation, and report preparation are carried out. As above, non-radiologi-cal portions are assigned to the Environmental Department; radiological portions are assigned to the Nuclear Engineering Section.

. Collection and analysis of samples occurs on Level IV of Figure 1. This may be accomplished by subcontractors, PBNP personnel, or by other personnel with the Company. Assign-ments at this level are made at Level III; however, they are 1-2 i

subject to the concurrence of the Manager, Nuclear Operations, particularly in the case of assignment of duties to PBNP personnel.

1.2 Specific Implementation of the Program Direct measurements of release parameters associated with plant effluent streams naturally remain immediate responsibi-lities of the PBNP staff; tr.ese are referred to below as

" operational" parameters. Measurements of ambient environmental parcmeters which may or may not be associated with plant releases are administered by NES and ED; these are referred to as "non-operational" parameters.

1.2.1 Radiological (Ref. PBNP Technical Specifications, Sections 15.3.9 and 15.4.10)

(1) PBNP - Plant personnel maintain, monitor, and record those specifications which are normally operational parameters. Included are all items specified in Section 15.3.9, namely the concen-trations of radionuclides and volumes of gaseous In addition, and liquid effluent streams.

plant personnel perform some of the actual radiclogical, environmental ' sampling and assist I

in recording data as agreed by the Manager, Nuclear Operations, and trie Manager, NES.

(2) Environmental Department - The ED staff asists the NES in executing the radiological environ-mental program by providing consultation as requested.

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l (3) Nuclear Engineering Section (NES) - The NES staff has responsibility for monitoring, recording, and interpreting those items which are non-operational, radiological, environmental parameters. These are specified in Section i 15.4.10 and include radiological measurements of the atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial environs surrounding the plant. The NES staff periodically reviews the program and, with the approval of the Manager, Nuclear Operations, updates accordingly. The NES staff prepares procedures for radiological environmental monitoring and verifies that the program satis-fies Technical Specifications. Administration of the radiological program, together with the compilation, summary, and interpretation of resultant data are within the cognizance of NES. The NES staff informs the Manager, Nuclear Operations, of any unexpected results and assists him by investigating all unusual results.

The NES prepares the Radiological Environmental Monitoring section of the Semiannual Monitoring Report.

1.2.2 Non-Radiological (Ref. PBNP Technical Specifications, Section 16)

(1) PBNP - Plant personnel maintain, uonitor and record those specifications which are normally ,

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operational parameters. Included are parameters specified in the Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) and the Wisconsin Pollution Discharge

' i Elimination System (WPDES) permit, such as condenser cooling water system temperature limits, chemical discharge limits, and chemical release data. Results of these measurements are summarized in the Semiannual Monitoring Report.

(2) Environmental Department - The ED staff monitors, records, and interprets non-operational, non-radiological, environmental parameters.

Included are items such as the sampling and analysis of biological, chemical, and physical p'arameters at ambient levels throughout the environs surrounding the plant as required.

The ED has the responsibility for determining appropriate scopes of work to satisfy all EPP I

and WPDES Permit requirements and recommending appropriate implementation to NES. Administration

! of all approved non-radiological environmental t

l programs together with compilation, summary, and interpretation of resultant data are within thc cognizance of the ED. The ED prepares

- procedures for non-operational, non-radiological environmental monitoring and assists NES in verifying compliance with Technical Specifications.

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The ED periodically reviews the entire program for its suitability and presents its recommenda-tions to NES.

(3) Nuclear Engineering Section - The Manager, NES, and his staff verify that Technical Specifications are met by programs proposed by the ED and advise the Manager, Nuclear Operations, accordingly.

The NES evaluates possible impacts on operation and compliance posed by any proposed programs.

1.2.3 Reporting The NES staff publishes the Semiannual Monitoring Report with input from PBNP and ED as required. ED prepares reports required by the WPDES Permit. NES prepares any other related reports as may be required.

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Manager, Nuclear Operations PBNP Level I 1

e Manager huclear Engineering Section Level II Non-Radiological Radiological i

Environnantal Department Nuclear Engineering Section Level III I I Subcontractors PBNP Staff Level IV Subcontractors PBNP Staff l

Nuclear Engineering Section Level V Environmental Department Non-Radiological Radiological Manager Level VI Nuclear Engineering Section Manager, Nuclear Operations Level VII PBNP FIGURE 1-1 Implementation of PBNP Environmental Program

2.0 RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Page General Scope of Program and Scheduling 2-1

r. 2.1 2.2 Assistance to the State of Wisconsin 2-3 2.3 Specification of Sampling Procedures 2-4 2.3.1 Vegetation 2-4 2.3.2 Shoreline Silt 2-5 2.3.3 Soil 2-5 2.3.4 Thermoluminescent Dosimeters 2-6 2.3.5 Lake Water 2-7 2.3.6 Air Filters 2-8 2.3.7 Well Water 2-11 2.3.8 Milk 2-11 2.3.9 Algae 2-12 2.3.10 Fish 2-13 2.3.11 Rainwater (State Only) 2-14 Calibration and Maintenance of Air Samplers 2-14 2.4 Quality Assurance / Quality Control 2-17 f 2.5 Milk Survey 2-18 2.6 Data Recovery 2-19 2.7 Record Keeping and Data Summary 2-20 2.8 Table 2 Recommended Sample Sizes Table 2 Radiological Environmental Sampling Locations

! Table 2 Samples Collected for the State of Wisconsin I- - .

Figure 2 3adiological Environmental Sampling Checklist Figure 2 Air Sampling Log Figure 2 Air Sampler Calibration and Leak Test Record Figure 2 Point Beach Environmental Sampling Checklist Figure 2 Radiological Environmental Sampli g Locations i

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-2.0 RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 2.1 General Scope of Program and Scheduling The operational radiological environmental monitoring program

'r at PBNP is based on the preoperational program as described in the FFDSAR. Sample types are selected which are represen-tative of key indicators or of critical pathways identified by applying general radioecological principles to the PBNP environment.

Since each normal effluent pathway at P8NP is monitored at or before the release point, no significant or unexpected concen-trations are anticipated in environmental samples. Nonetheless, environmental sampling is carried out as a conservative j

backup to release monitoring to demonstrate the absence of l

significant radiological effluent in the environment. Therefore, i

the program should be performed with the greatest of care; in l

' particular, personnel must avoid the introduction of low level contamination to environmental samples. Washing hands before sampling and avoiding opening environmental sample containers within the plant will aid in accomplishing this goal.

1 The details of the sampling schedule and required analyses are presented in Appendix A. The sensitivity specified is l

the detection limit at which the contractor is expected to perform the analysis. However, this sensitivity is partially i

dependent on sample size; for this reason, sampling personnel i

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must attempt to obtain the quantities of sample specified in Table 2-1. Where a range is given, every effort should be The made to obtain samples at the upper part of the range.

notification level is chosen just above the normal range of values expected for the PBNP environs. The analytical contractor is expected to inform the Company of any 52mple results at or above these levels. Such notification will normally be provided to the NES. The occurrence of samples requiring notification does not necessarily imply any plant or environ-mental problem. However, further investigation will be carried out in such cases to determine whether the increase ,

was due to fallout, natural phenomena, contamination of sample, or the plant.

A list of sampling locations and corresponding location codes is presented in Table 2-2. The locations are also shown on Additional samples may be the map shown in Figure 2-5.

obtained if deemed necessary by cognizant Company personnel.

To ensure that all samples are obtained at appropriate times, a yearly checklist is used as shown in Figure 2-1 (1 of 3), (2 of 3),

and (3 of 3). Because air samples require additional information, a special checklist is used for them as shown in Figure 2-2. .

Note that one of these sheets is required'for each air sampling

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location for each year.

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All samples, including environmental TLD's, are obtained and handled as directed in Section 2.3. Samples are shipped to a contractor for analysis.

Et All samples must be properly labelled, showing:

a. PBNP;

b. Sample type;

c. Sample location (code number from Table 2-2);

d. Date collected; and 3

e. Air samples must also show total volume in m .

A felt marker is preferable to a stick-on label, but the marker must be of the permanent or indelible type.

All samples shall have a cover letter prepared to accompany the shipment. The original of the letter is sent to the contractor, and a copy is used as a packing list to accompany the samples. The letter will include the same information as required above for sample labels and, in addition, will specify the analyses required.

2.2 Assistance to the State of Wisconsin As a courtesy and convenience, PBNP personnel obtain certain environmental samples for the Section of Radiation Protection A checklist of the State of Wisconsin as listed in Table 2-3.

is used as shown in Figure 2-4. In addition, an air sampling data sheet (Figure 2-2) is prepared for each Wisconsin air 2-3 I

l sampling location serviced by PBNP personnel. Location codes are prefixed by "W/" to denote State of Wisconsin samples.

,' Samples obtained for the State of Wisconsin are either given directly to State personael or shipped as required. The department address is:

Mr. Lawrence J. McDonnell, Chief Section of Radiation Protection State of Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services P. O. Box 309 Madison, Wisconsin 53701 2.3 Specification of Sampling Procedures General radiological environmental sampling procedures follow the directives presented in Sections 2.1 and 2.2. Specific directives for handling individual sample types are as follows:

2.3.1. Vegetation Vegetation samples consist of general grasses and weeds and are obtained three times per year from specified locations. Analyses consist of a gross beta count and a gamma scan. Do not include plant roots and take care not to contaminate the sample with a soil. Total sample collected must exceed 100 grams and ideally should approach 1000 grams. Place entire sample in a plastic bag, tape the . bag shut, and label the bag as described in Section 2.1.

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2.3.2 Shoreline Silt l

Silt is sampled 2 times per year from specified locations. Analyses consist of a gross beta count 4 , and a gamma scan. Silt is collected from beach areas near the water ridge. Use a ema11 scoop to obtain 100 to 1000 grams; samples closer to the upper limit are preferred. Package the sample in a 1000 ml cubitainer and label as described in Section 2.1.

2.3.3 Soil Soil samples are obtained 2 times per year from specified locations. Analyses consist of a gross beta count and a gamma scan. Clear a small area (4" x 4") of vegetation, being careful to leave the top layer of soil relatively intact. If roots of vegetation are pulled up, shake off excess soil onto cleared area before discarding vegetation. It is better to leave some roots in the soil rather than to lose the top layer of soil by overly enthusiastic root removal. ,

Obtain soil samples with a small shovel, to a depth of j

about 6 inches.

Place the entire soil sample in a A

1000 ml plastic bag, and seal the' bag with tape.

total sample of 1000 grams from each location is 2-5

preferred; a sample of 100 grams is the minimum acceptable. Label the sample as described in Section 2.1.

i 2.3.4 Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD's)  ; .

TLD's are posted at specified locations and are changed quarterly. Correct handling of TLD's necessi-tates the understanding that they begin recording all radiation from the moment they are cnnealed (heated to rezero) at the contractor's laboratory. The utmest care in handling is required to minimize unnecessary exposure during transit, storage, and posting. Packages of TLD's in transit should be marked "D0 NOT X-RAY, CONTAINS D051 METERS".

A transportation control (E-TC) will accompany the new batch in traresit from the contractor's laboratory to the plant. The control will accompany the batch during brief storage and subsequent posting. Ti.e same control will accompany the "old" or exposed batch on its way back to the contractor. Each control will thus represent approximately half the in-transit dose of two catches. Subtraction of in-transit dose requires some interpolation of two control readings; however, this control system is able to identify any unusual in-transit exposure.

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Environmental TLD's are never to be brought into the plant, but may be stored for brief periods in a 8

, shielded enclosure in the Extension Building or other low background area, such as the basement of the Energy Information center. The contractor is to time ship-ments to coincide as closely as possible with the beginning of a calendar quarter. TLD's are to be shipped back to the contractor immediately or within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> or removal. The contractor is instructed to process immediately upon receipt. The contractor will report removal date and cumulative readings in mrem for all locations and control. Cognizant Nuclear 4

Engineering Secti(n personnel will correct for in-transit dose and express results in net mrem /wk. Labelling of the exposed set for shipment to contractor should show both posting and removal dates.

2.3.5 Lake Water Lake water samples are obtained monthly at specified locations. As a special case, the water sample at the discharge fiume is composited weekly'-for monthly analysis. Analyses consist of gross beta count (en total solids) and a gamma scan monthly. In addition,

" radiostrontium and tritium analyses are performed on quarterly composites for each location. The contractor 2-7

is responsible for the compositing for quarterly analyses. Collect approximately 4000 ml of lake

' water in a cubitainer for each location.

Label as directed in Section 2.1.

Lake water is also collected from a single loca-These samples are tion for the State of Wisconsin.

Collect, collected weekly and composited monthly.

composite, and label as for PBNP samples and forward to the State agency.

2.3.6 Air Filters Air filters are changed weekly at specified locations.

The forms descibed in Section 2.1 are to be used by PBNP personnel. Take precautions when handling filters to avoid loss of collected material as well as to Washing hands avoid contamination of the filters.

before changing filters is a recommended practice. fIld a.t(.w.d Ao decq ai feast 24 M Mb ew%.

l Both particulate filters and charcoal cartridges are Particulate employed at each sampling location.

filters are analyzed for gross beta activity; in addition, gamma scans are done on quarterly composites l

l for each location. The cna-coal cartridges are used l for detection of radioiodine by gamma counting under the 0.36 Mev peak.

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A regulated pump (Eberline Model RAS-1) is used at each air sampling location. Because of the automatic flow regulation, rotameter readings at the beginning and ending of the sampling period should be nearly

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identical. Substantial differences in readings usually require some investigation to determine the  ;

I cause. The rotameters attached to the pumps are calibrated in liters per minute. When new filters are installed, flow rate should be about 28-30 1pm.

Flow rates less than 26 1pm or greater than 32 1pm require that the pump regulator by readjusted. The correct flow rate is determined by multiplying the rotameter reading by the correction factor indicated on the calibration sticker affixed to the rotameter.

The pumps are equipped with an elapsed time meter which reads in hours. Elapsed time in hours for the sample is obtained by subtracting the meter reading at start time from the reading at the end of the sampling period. The form shown in Figure 2-2 is used for recording pertinent air sampling data for each location. At a normal filter charige, the following l

procedure will apply:

a. Record "date off" on the air sampling data h

l sheet

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b. Record rotameter reading for end of period (R2 )

c. Turn off pump

d. Record hour meter reading for end of period (t 2)

e. Calculate total volume for period and enter on 3

data sheet (m )

f. Remove particulate filter being careful to handle filter only by edges, place in paper envelope, and label as directed in Section 2.1

g. Remove charcoal cartridge, place in plastic bag, and label as directed in Section 2.1.

h. Install new charcoal cartridge and particulate filter.

i. Record "date on" on a new line of the data sheet

j. Record hour meter reading for beginning of period (t)).

k. Turn pump on

1. Record rotameter reading for beginning of period (Rj ).

m. Record correction factor as indicated on calibra-

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tion sticker affixed to rotameter (C). -

n. Observe that the starting rotameter reading (Rj ) is close to the previous ending reading (R2 ). A substantial difference indicates need for further investigation since the regulator will generally maintain constant flow regard- ,

less of filter loading 2-10

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o. Any unusual conditions or observations should be referenced under (*) and recorded under

"* NOTES" at the bottom of the data sheet.

'. Maintenance and calibration of the pumps and rotameters is described in Section 2.4.

Air samples are collected at three locations for the State of Wisconsin. They are handled in a manner similar to PBNP samples except that no charcoal cartridges are involved. In addition, State samplers are not equipped:with elapsed hour meters; hence, clock time must be recorded instead, Forward samples to State.

2.3.7 Well Water Well water samples are obtained quarterly from the single onsite well. Analyses are gross beta count (on total solids), g m a scan, tritium, and radio-strontium. Collect approximately 4000 ml of well

' water in a cubitainer. Label as directed in Section 2.1.

2.3,8 Milk Milk samples are obtained monthly from three individual dairy farmers located north,' south, and west of the site. Analyses include a gamma scan, radioiodine by I

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the extraction technique, Strontium-89, and Strontium-90.

Collect 8000 mi in two cubitainers from each sampling l location.

e Because of iodine decay and protein binding of iodine j in aging milk samples, speed is imperative in processing samples. The following is considered the normal pr,ocedure:

a. Obtain 8000 ml of milk in two cubitainers from i

each sampling location.

b. Place milk in freezer overnight.

c. The following day, pack all cubitainers in i shipping container and ship to contractor immediately. The milk should not be frozen solid. In extremely bet weather, packing in ice may be desirable.

2.3.9 Algae Algae is sarnpled three times per year from two loca-tions. It is collected from pilings or rocks. The long, grassy, dark green algae can normally be cut with scissors. Theshorter,lightgheenalgaenormally must be scraped from rocks or pilings. When scraping algae, be careful not to include p'ieces of rock in the sample. The sample can be lightly rinsed in the same me.dium in which it is growing. This rinse will help rid the sample of pieces of rock and gravel that ,

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may have been inadvertently collected with the sample.

Since rocks and sediment may contain naturally occurring radioactive materials, their inclusion may give false

' sample results. Collect between 100 and 1000 gm of algae and package it in a 1000 ml cubitainer. A sample of about 500 gm is normally reasonably practical.

Label the container as directed in Section 2.1.

2.3.10 Fish Fish are obtained approximately three times per year as available from the traveling screens as washed into the fish basket or from the Environmental Depart-ment's gi11 netting operations in conjunction with the non-radiological monitoring program. Analyses consist of gross beta analysis and a gamma scan. Perch and white suckers are preferable; however, in the event of their absence in a given sampling month, carp may be obtained instead. Game fish should occasionally be included. For any given sampling period, three fish or a sufficient n9mber to yield at least 1000 gm of fillets should be provided.

Place fish in plastic bags and tape and/or tie tightly closed. Fish may be stored briefly in the refrigerator or freezer but should be shipped as soon as possible.

It may be desirable in warm weather to coordinate milk and fish sampling, thereby allowing simultaneous l ,

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shipment in insulated containers, packing with ice if needed. Label bags as directed in Section 2.1, also indicating species.

E Fish are obtained four times per year for the State of Wisconsin. Fish sampling performed for the State is performed in the same manner as that for the plant, except that larger game fish are preferable to the perch, white suckers, and carp. Approximately four fish should be sent to the state at each sampling period.

2.3.11 Rainwater Precipitation samples are collected on an "as available" basis only for the State of Wisconsin from four Collect in a 1000 ml cubitainer, label as locations.

! directed in Section 2.1, and forward to the State agency.

l 2.4 Calibration and Maintenance of Air Samplers l

i There are two alternatives to choose from in selecting air monitoring equipment. One is the totalizer c!oncept, which includes an unregulated pump, vacuum gauge, dry gas meter, associated tubing, and filter holders. In this system, the l

dry gas meter is relied upon to give an indication of total volume sampled. The other alternative is regulated rate control, which includes a pump, a flow regulator, an electrical ,

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hour meter, a minimum of tubing, and filter holders. In this system, total volume sampled can be calculated simply and accurately from the elapsed time indicated on the hour meter and the flow rate which is kept constant by the regulator  ;

I regardless of filter loading.

The regulated rate control system is used at PBNP because of its simplicity and reliability. The lack of a dry gas meter, vacuum gauge, and long tubing runs minimizes both calibration difficulties and the potential for leaks. Rigid tubing is used for the few short runs necessary, and the use of quick-disconnects is avoided.

The air samplers are Eberline Model RAS-1 and have built in rotameters which read in liters per minute. The systems also include a 1000-hr elapsed time meter, an Eberline WPH-1 weatherproof housing, and an Eberline ICH-1/IC-1 iodine cartridge holder and mounting kit. All metallic tubing and rigid fittings are specified in lieu of tygon tubing. The particulate filters are 47 mm; the charcoal cartridges are KI-impregnated and are manufactured by the Acme Corporation.

Further information on the air samplers is given in Appendix D.

The built-in rotameters are to be calibrated at initial installation and annually thereafter by attaching a laboratory-quality reference rotameter directly to the pump rotameter without the filter holder or charcoal cartridge holder in 2-15

. . _. =. __ _

position. A calibration sticker indicating the correction factor is then affixed to the built-in rotameter.

Initially, and quarterly thereafter, the assembled system should be checked for leaks by attaching the reference rotameter across the face of the filter holder with a filter in position.

Leakage in this configuration is indicated by disagreement between the two rotameters, the built-in rotameter indicating more than the reference rotameter. In performing this compari-son, remember to apply the calibration correction factor to the built-in rotameter reading. If leakage around the filter holder ring is found, a single strip of tape around the assembly clearance between the outer ring and the holder body will resolve the problem. The tape would have to be renewed at each filter change if such leakage is observed. Calibrations and leak tests are to be recorded on the form presented in Figare 2-3.

For normal operation, the regulators should be adjusted to maintain a true flow rate of 28-30 liters per minute. Flow rates should be observed at all filter changes. Flow rates less than 26 1pm or more than 32 1pm require readjustment of the regulator. Particular attention should be paid to flow rate readings with the "old", loaded filter and with new, unused filters in position. Because of the regulator, the difference in flow should be barely perceptible, perhaps no more than one Ipm. Significant differences in flow rates ,

require further investigation to determine the cause.

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The pumps themselves can operate for long periods of time with minimal or no maintenance. The vane assembly of the pump 1

is most susceptible to failure, indicated by excessive noise i, or inability to maintain sufficient flow across loaded filters.

Repair kits are stocked at PBNP, and defective pumps should be removed for repair.

At least one standby pump is generally available for temporary service during the repair period. In the event of motor failures due to causes other than defective connections, complete replacement of the unit may be necessary.  !

2.5 Quality Assurance / Quality Control

Quality assurance considerations are an integral part of Wisconsin Electric's Environmental Monitoring Program. The program involves the interaction of the Nuclear Engineering Section (NES), Point Beach Nuclear Plant (PBNP), Wisconsin Electric's Quality Assurance Division (QAD), and Hazleton Environmental Sciences Corp (HES), the contractor who provides the analytical services.

The HES quality assurance and quality control program is described in the HES Quality Assurance Program Manual and the HES Quality Control Procedures Manual. Copies of these manuals are maintained by NES and QAD. Amendments and revi-sions of these documents are reviewed by responsibile Project Engineers in NES and QAD as they are issued. The contractor 2-17

is audited by Wisconsin Electric personnel periodically at intervals which do not exceed three years. The quality assurance portion of the audit is performed by QAD, and the

' In technical portion of the audit is performed by NES.

addition to the contractor's internal and independent cross-checks, the contractor is further checked with at least one spiked sample annually. Arrangements for the spiked sample are made by agreement between the respensible NES Project Engineer and the PBNP Radiochemical Engineer.

Quality control for the PdNP portion of the Environmental Monitoring Program is achieved by following the procedures contained in this manual. liadiation Control Operator (RCO's) collect, package and ship environmental samples under the supervision of Health Physics Supervisors and the Health Physicist. They are advised by the Nuclear Plant Specialist who has responsibility for the overall technical review of the environmental sampling functions. The RCO's receive classroom training as well as on-the-job training in carrying-out these procedures.

l 2.6 Milk Survey In accordance with Technical Specification 15.4.10, the milk sampling program is reviewed annually, including a visual verification of animal grazing in the vicinity of the site boundary, to ensure that sampling locations remain as conser- ,

vative as practicable. The visual verification is conducted each summer by cognizant PBNP personnel; subsequent review of l

l 2-18

the program is done by cognizant NES personnel. Upon comple-tion of the visual check, PBNP personnel notify NES personnel who complete the informal review. To ensure performance of

the annual verification, " milk review" is identified on the sampling checklist, Figure 2-1.

2.7 Data Recovery Although a precise percentage is not specified, it is expected

! that data recovery be reasonable according to good engineering judgment. Generally, the overall data recovery is observed by cognizant NES personnel in the course of reviewfog the data. On a day-to-day basis, it is observed by supervisory PENP personnel who may consult with NES personnel to determine the need for implementing extraordinary efforts in obtaining samples.

Reasonable efforts will be made to recover lost or missed samples if warranted and appropriate. However, program design is adequate to allow for an occasional sample lost in shipment or during analysis. If, for example, weather conditions prevent the taking of a particular sample during a substantial l

portion of the period, it is generally not necessary to obtain l

l- back-to-back samples at the end of one period and the beginning i

of the next merely to numerically complete the sampling schedule. However, reasons or explanations for missed samples will be logged at PBNP and at NES.

j l

l l -

l 2-19

2. 8 Record Keeping and Data Summary Records of sampling schedules and other data collected by PBNP personnel are maintained at the plant. The results of laboratory analyses performed by the contractor are sent to both NES and PBNP; however, the analytical data maintained by NES are regarded as the official records. These records are maintained for the lifetime of the plant.

The responsible NES Project Engineer reviews the contractor's analytical data on a monthly basis as it is reported. Inconsis-tencies, missing samples or data, and unusual results are investigated by the cognizant NES Project Engineer with the cooperation of PBNP and contractor personnel. Results of investigations are reported to the Manager, Nuclear Operations.

Any resulting correction, modification, or addition to the data is made by the responsible NES Project Engineer. The contractor is responsible for providing prompt notification to NES regarding any samples found to exceed the notification levels set forth in the Technical Specification. NES will promptly inform PBNP of any such occurrence, and both NES and PBNP will initiate an investigation. NES will prepare any required report.

Communications with the contractor regarding data, analytical procedures, and contractual matters are normally conducted by

- NES; communications regarding sample shipment may be done by either NES or PBNP.

2-20

Methods used for summarizing data are at the discretion of NES. NES advises the Manager, Nuclear Operations, of the status of radiological environmental data on at least a

semiannual basis by means of the data summary which is included in the PBNP Semiannual Monitoring Report. This summary includes numbers and types of samples as well as averages, statistical errors, and ranges of the analytical results.

i i

l O

2-21 l

l l

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TABLE 2-1 RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZES Sample Type Approximate Sample Size Vegetation 100-1000 gm.

Shoreline Silt 100-1000 gm.

Soil 100-1000 gm.

TLD's 5 TLD chips per holder Lake Water 4 liters 3

Air Filters 250 m Well Water 4 liters Milk 8 liters Algae 100-1000 gm.

Fish (edible portions) 100-1000 gm.

TABLE 2-2 RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS (See Figure 2.5) i Location Code Location Description E-01 Meteorological Tower E-02 Site Boundary Control Center E-03 West Boundary E-04 North Bound.try E-05 Two Creeks Park E-06 Point Beach State Park - Coast Guard Station E-07 WPSC Substr. tion E-08 e.7. F. . ace 4 ilamac'et Farm E-09 WUMlonseFvancy E-10 PBNP Site Well E-11 W. Funk Farm, 3-3/4 miles west of site E-12 Discharge Flume / Pier E-13 Pumphouse E-14 South Boundary E-15 Southwest Corner of Site E-16 WSW, Hwy. 42, Bishop Residence E-17 North of Mishicot, Hwy. 163 and Assman Road E-18 Northwest of Two Creeks at Zander and Tannery roads i

E-19 Local Dairy Farm Just North of Site E-20 Reference Location, 17 miles SW, at.

Silver Lake College l E-21 Local Dairy Farm Just South of Site E-22 Highway 42, 2 miles NW of Site E-23 Greenfield Lane, 4 1/2 Miles South of Site E-24 County Rt. V, 5 Miles SW of Site E-25 County Rt. BB, 5 1/4 Miles NW of Site E-26 804 Tapawingo, 5 Miles West of Site '

E-27 Intersection of Saxenburg ad Nuclear roads, 4 Miles WSW E-TC Transportation Control; Reserved for TLD's l

TABLE 2-3 SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR STATE OF WISCONSIN

' Sample Type Location Frequency

1. Lake Water E-12 Weekly, Composited Monthly

2. Air Filters E-07 Weekly E-08 Buechert Residence

3. Fish E-13 Quarterly As Available

4. Rainwater E-01 Biweekly, E-04 As Available E-07 E-08

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L RADIOLOGICALENVIRONMENTAL-[$*@

SAMPLING LOCATIONS I ~ 5 ','o H. I 1,.f O .T .

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Pan 3.0 NON-RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 3.1 General Scope ci Program 3-1 3.2 Point Beach Nuclear Plant Functions 3-1 3.2.1 Thermal Monitoring 3-1 3.2.2 Chemical Discharge Monitoring 3-2 3.2.3 Non-Radiological Environmental Monitoring 3-4 (1) Fish 3-4 (2) Meteorology and Hydrology 3-4 3.2.4 WPDES Monitoring 3-4 3.3 Environmental Department Functions 3-5 3.3.1 Technical Specifications Program 3-6 3.3.2 WPDES Permit Program 3-G 3.3.3 NR 101 Air and Watar Monitoring Program 3-7 Table 3.1: Monitoring Required by ~WPDES Permit for PBNP I

l-l l

I

3.0 NON-RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL, MONITORING 3.1 General Scope of Program 4 8 The Non-Radiological Environmental Surveillance Program is

! designed to fulfill all the requirements of Section 16 of l PBNP Technical Specifications as presented in Appendix B.

j Section 16 addresses a basic set of environmental parameters to be monitored. A portion of the Non-Radiological Environ-mental Surveillance Program is conducted to fulfill WPDES j

permit monitoring requirements as described in Section 3.3.2.

3.2 Point Beach Nuclear Plant Functions PBNP personnel maintain, monitor, and record those Specifica- ,

tions which are normally operational para. meters. Included are all the items specified in Sections 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, and 16.5.1.a of Technical Specifications, such as condenser cooling water system temperature lin.its, chemical discharge limits, and all chemical release data. Results of these measurements are summarized in the Semiannual Monitoring Report. Certain data are also provided to the Environmental l Department for incorporation in non-radiological environmental surveillance reports. -

I 3.2.1 Thermal Monitoring During normal power operation, Technical Specifications require that condenser cooling water discharge temperature be maintained at or below 89'F. In addition, whenever i

l I

3-1 l

. _ - . _ . I _ _ __ _ _ _ . , _ _ _ _ _ . .

4 lake ambient temperature is above 55'F, the difference between intake and discharge temperature may not exceed 22'F during normal power operation. The rate of change in condenser cooling water discharge tempera-ture, either increasing or decreasing, may not exceed 3*F per minute during normal power increase or decrease.

Recorder charts for ambient, intake, and condenser cooling discharge water temperature for both Units 1 and 2 during operation are maintained for a minimum cf five years. These temperatures are continuously recorded with a total combined sensor and recorder error of +2'F. If forebay of seal well temperature monitoring instrumentation is out of service for maintenance, condenser inlet and outlet temperature j readings are recorded manually twice per shift for the respective unit (s). Readings are started within four hours of the time the equipment malfunction is detected. Dates and time intervals when the condenser cooling water system is in the " ice-melt" mode of operation are recorded. All of the above records are maintained for a minimum of five years.

3.2.2 Chemical Waste Discharges Permanent records maintained by plant personnel include the following data on releases to Lake Michigan:

3-2

l (1) Total volume (gallons) of chemical wastes; ,

I (2) Total volume (gallons) of water; (3) Total suspended and dissolved solids (pounds);

e, and

• Totals of phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and f (4) sodium.

Tctal dissolved solids may not be increased by more than 10 ppm, and total suspended solids may not be increased by more than 5 ppm in cooling water discharges during periods of release. Records of concentrations are permanently maintained. ,

Chlorination of the seal well has not been found necessary and is not anticipated in the future.

However, if chlorination of the seal well should ever be required, permanent records shall include the length and number of chlorination periods for Unit 1 I and Unit 2, total equivalent chlorine (pounds) released to Lake Michigan, and measured chlorine residuals (parts per million) taken midpoint in the chlorination i

period for the Unit 1 or Unit 2 seal wells. The residuals may not exceed 0.1 ppm equivalent chlorine in the seal well.

9 3-3

3.2.3 Non-Radiological Environmental Monitoring (1) Fish Plant personnel record and maintain fish kill data for a minimum of five years. The data include the number, condition, size, and weight of each fish species except alewife. The quantity of alewife found in the screen wash strainer is visually estimated.

(2) Meteorology and Hydrology Daily meteorological data, consisting of wind speed and direction, are recorded on strip charts. These records ara kept for at least five years. As practicable, temperatures are recorded from meter indications. Atmospheric conditions, percent cloud cover, and lake conditions, including wave height, flow direction, and turbidity, are all estimated visually and recorded as practicable.

3.2.4 WPDES Monitoring Wisconsin Po1*utant Discharge Elimination System (WPDES) Permit No. WI-0000957 has been issued for wastewaterdischargesfromPointBeaShNuclearPlant.

A copy of the WPDES permit is given in Appendix E.

Effluent limitations and monitorin'g requirements are identified in the Special Conditions Section of the permit. A summary of the monitoring requirements is given in Table 3-1. All umpling and analyses for 3-4 L

WPDES data reporting is done by plant personnel, except Steam Gertrator Blowdown Filter Outlet iron and copper analyses which are done by Laboratory l

' Data obtained from the WPDES monitoring Serivces.

program is revicwed by the cognizant Nuclear Plant Specialist within the Chemistry and Health Physics 1 Group at the plant. In the event a maximum daily effluent limitation is exceeded or if a bypass of waste treatment facilities occurs, plant personnel will notify the Superintendent of the Chemical Services Division of the Environmental Department or his staff. The notification will be followed by a written report to the Environmental Department within five days.

Routine temperature and flow data obtained from cooling water out' alls are sent to the Budget, Results, and Administrative Services Section on a periodic basis. Chemical and flow data for other outfalls are sent to the Environmental Department monthly. Records are maintained for at least three years.

3.3 Environmental Department Functions l

The Environmentti Department (ED) has the general, overall responsibility for non-radiological environmental surveillance as described in Section 1.0. The two principal areas of responsibility involve the impler.entation of programs (1) in accordance with Section 16.0 of PBNP Technical Specifications, and (2) in fulfillment ot' the monitoring requirements specified 3-5 t - - _ _ - - - _ - _ _

by the WPDES permit. The performance of various portions of the physical, chemical and biological aspects of the surveil-lance program can be delegated to ED field personnel, L'aboratory

', Services personnel, PBNP personnel, and outside contractors.

The ED has the responsibility for coordinating these partici-I pating groups.

3.3.1 Technical Specifications Program As discussed in Section 1.0, the ED has the respcasibi-lity for implementing environmental surveillance in accordance with those portions of Section 16.0 of Technical Specifications which are non-operational in character.

3.3.2 WPDES Permit Program The Chemical Services (CS) Division of the ED provides liaison between the Company and the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) on WPDES matters. The CS Division is responsible for notifying the DNR of any noncompliance of maximum daily effluent limitations and for notifying DNR and EPA of any bypass of treatment facilities. PBNPpersonnelmonitorUastestreamsand f perform analyses in accordance with the WPDES permit as described earlier in Section 3.2.

CS Division personnel compile chemical quality and flow data for plant process wastestreams on monthly

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1 WPDES data forms. Following CS Division review of the monthly data, the forms are signed by the respon-sible officer of tha Company and are sent to the DNR.

t The CSIDivision conducts quality control audits of-WPDES activities at PBNP to determine if the general l and specific conditions of the WPOES permit are being

'followed.

3.3.3 NR 101 Air and Water Monitoring Program In addition to the WPDES permit program, Chapter i NR 101 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code requires that the quantities of pollutants discharged from the plant be reported to the Department of Natural Resources

- 1 on an annual basis. The Chemical Services and Air i / Quality divisions compile the necess'ary effluent monitoring data and plant operating' data and prepare j

the NR 101 report for transmittal to DNR.

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TABLE 3-1 MONITORING REQUIRED BY WPDES PERMIT FOR PBNP Sample Location Monitori.a

, Requirements Effluent Parameter Flow Outfall 001 and 002 Daily, continuous Temperature Outfall 001 and 002 Daily, continuous pH ' Outfall 001 and 002 Weekly, grab Inlet Temperature Forebay Daily, continuous Flow Retention basin effluent, Weekly, total daily Sanitary waste treatment 3 x weekly, total daily plant effluent Retention basin Weekly, grab pH Total Suspended Solids Sanitary waste treatment 3 x weekly, composite Retention basin Weekly, composite Sanitary waste treatment 3 x weekly, composite BOD Sanitary waste treatment 3 x weekly, grab pH Retention basin effluent Weekly, grab 011 and Grease .

Retention basin effluent 3 x weekly, grab Total Residual Chlorine Retention basin effluent Weekly, grab Fecal Coliform Outfall 004 Monthly estimate when Flow discharging lon excnanger wastes, 2 x monthly, total daily Flow Weekly, total daily Units 1 and 2 steam generator blowdowns Ion exchanger wastes 2 x monthly, grab Total Suspended Weekly, grab Solids Units 1 and 2 steam generator blowdowns U.its 1 and 2 steam 2 x monthly, grab 011 and Grease generator blowdowns Units 1 and 2 steam Weekly, grab Total Iron, Total Copper generators Debris *

• Permit requirements state that there shall be no discharge of floating orPBNP personnel submerged debris from the intake screen washing operations.

retain debris with a 3 x 3 inch mesh size basket inserted in the screen ussh s.luiceway.

TABLE 3-1 (Continued) l MONITORING REQUIRED BY WPOES PERMIT FOR PBNP The following information is required for every measurement or sample taken pursuant to the requirements of the permit:

A. The exact place, date, time and person who performed the sampling.

B. The date, time, and loation where the analysis was performed.

C. The person who performed the analysis.

D. The analytical techniques of methods used.

E. The results of all required analyses.

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