ML19309G798
| ML19309G798 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Sequoyah  |
| Issue date: | 04/22/1980 |
| From: | Becar N, Long W, Robert Williams KAMAN SCIENCES CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19309G796 | List: |
| References | |
| K80-41U(R), NUDOCS 8005070587 | |
| Download: ML19309G798 (73) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:- g465674587 O l l FINAL REPORT
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SEQUOYAH AUXILIARY FEEDWATER SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION - [ - R. Larry Williams N. J. Becar W. T. Long D. W. Stoddard [ 22 April 1980
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. This report was prepared by Kaman Sciences Corporation under contract to the Nuclear Engineering Branch of the Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee I
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l I I l I l ABSTRACT
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l This document reports the results of a reliability analysis of the Sequoyah Unit 1 Nuclear Power Plant Auxiliary Feedwater Systen. The GO methodology was employed to perfonn this analysis. Point estimates of the probability of successful start-up were calculated for five different initiating conditions. First and second order fault sets were identified for some cases and their relative importance detenained. The reliability as d function of time was Calculated for Continuous operation without 5 repair for a six month period for the case of both main feedwater pumps tripped. I I I E i i
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ SEQUOYAH AUXILIARY FEEDWATER SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION _
SUMMARY
Kaman Sciences Corporation was contracted by the Tennessee Valley Authority to conduct a reliability evaluation of the Sequoyah Unit #1 Nuclear Power Plant Auxiliary Feedwater System (AFS). Kaman employed the G0 computerized event tree methodology to perfonn the analyses. l Results indicate that the probability of successfully starting the auxiliary feedwater system upon demand and providing adequate water flow and pressure to at least two out of four steam generators ~ is 0.99999 where the initiating event is both feedwater pumps tripped. In event of loss of offsite power (blackout) with diesel generators and battery back-up available the AFS start-up success probability is 0.99997. Other excursions were also evaluated. I The analysis revealed that there are no first order faults in the Sequoyah AFS for the initiating event both feedwater pumps tripped. A total of 116 second order faults were identified for this case. The largest contribution of unavailability msulting from a pair of faults is 10-7 . Most second order fault sets contribute to start-up unavailability on the order of 10-10 , I I . I I E
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TABLE OF CONTENTS l PAGE ABSTRACT 1
SUMMARY
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INTRODUCTION 1 PROCEDURE 1 Modeling Approach 2 Supertypes 3 RESULTS 9
& Sta rt-Up 9 Continuous Run 9 Fault Sets 9
[ APPENDIX A SEQU0YAH G0 MODEL DESCRIPTION A-1 APPENDIX B SEQUOYAH MODEL G0 CHARTS B-1 APPENDIX C INPUT DATA TO G02 C-1
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l l 1 l SEQUOYAH AUXILIARY FEEDWATER SYSTEM I RELIABILITY EVALUATION l INTRODUCTION In November 1979 the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) contracted with V, aman Sciences Corporation (KSC) to conduct an evaluation of the reliability and availability of the auxiliary feedwater system of Se-quoyah Unit I nuclear power plant located at Daisy, Tennessee. This analysis had multiple objectives. The initial objective was to detennine the probability of successful start-up of the AFWS under the following conditions:
- 1. Both main feedwater pumps tripped and all power sources available.
- 2. Loss of offsite power with diesel generators and battery backup available.
- 3. Loss of all ac power, batteries only available.
- 4. Break on steam generator #1 water inlet line causing low steam generator #1 level.
I 5. Loss of Train A 120 volt ac inverter electrical power and s trip of both main feedwater pumps to cause AFS initiation. I Additional objectives included: an assessment of the long tenn reliability I of the AFS, assuming successful start-up; and the identification of all first and second order fault sets which could fail the system in the start-up mode for the initiating event both main feedwater pumps tripped. PROCEDURE TVA provided KSC with complete engineering drawings and operational descriptions of the Sequoyah AFS including requisite support systems such as compressed air, electrical power, etc. KSC used these data to con-I struct a comprehensive model of the AFS employing the GO methodology which I
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l l l l l KSC has developed. G0 is a collection of computer codes and modeling instructions which have been developed during the past 15 years to treat complex reliability and availability problems in a rigorous yet econuaical manner. In recent years its continuing development has been sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute. Moaeling Approach A brief description of the programs presently in the G0 system and their primary functions are given below: G01 - Program G01 accepts a symbolic representation of the logical structure of a system, including definitions of the component I' types and their interactions. The intennediate and final signals i are explicitly defined, the operator sequence is specified and numerous diagnostic checks on the accuracy and validity of the GO model inputs are made. G02 - Program G02 accepts the canponent reliability or availability point estimates, interrelates them with the logic G0 type-kind operators from G01 and checks the data for internal consistency. G03 - I Program G03 uses the data files generated from G01 and G02 to create the sequential event spaces and calculate the probability of occurrence of each event. The final output is the joint I probability distribution of all final output signals which rep-resent all possible system operational states. FFl - Program FFl requires one or more of the G03 outputs (the selected event) as an input. It then abstracts the G03 arrays which have been preserveo on disc storage to only those tenns which ultimately produce the selected event of interest. I FF2 - Program FF2 uses the FFl generated event sequences and inverts the G03 process to specifically identify component failure combinations I which cause the selected event (usually systen failures). I 2 B
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_-. _ _ _ _ - _ C. FG0 - Program FGO is used to create an abstracted G0! unavailability logic model from the FF2 generated minimal cut set data. eel - Program eel is similar to G02 and preprocesses the kind data for an Effect Evaluation analysis. The Effect Evaluation kind data includes both point estimates and estimates of the variability or uncertainty in those estimates. EE2 - Program EE2 uses the operatcr and kind data provided by G01 and eel to evaluate the system k+1 times where k is the number of variable kinds. Each evaluation uses logic fuentical to that in a single G03 run. EE2 thus calculates the sensitivity (partial derivative) of every elementary final event with respect to each variable kind. EE3 - Program EE3 calculates the required confidence intervals and bounds for any selected event. This is done by calculating both an estimate of the mean and an estimate of the variance of the mean for the selected event. Once obtained, these are used with statistical b algorithms to generate the desired confidence bounds and ii.cervals. Supertypes One feature of the G0 procedure which provides flexibility in modeling is the supertype capability. A supertype is a specified collection of regular G0 operators (representing equipments, etc.) which are treated as a { single module or block in the model. Redundant but identical groupings of equipments can thus be modeled only once but called up repeatedly in each application. This modular capability pennits the creation of relatively simple G0 charts where systems or subsystems, which in themselves may be extensive, dre represented as supertypes. Supertypes can be used then either for clarity or for ease of modeling replicated subsystems or both.
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . L [ C The G0 procedure has been thoroughly described in EPRI publications f{P-765, f4P-766 and NP-767. Figure 1 presents a basic schematic of the AFS and Figure 2 is the top level master G0 diagram of the AFS employing a number of supertypes. Using the GO modeling technique the sequential and logical operation of the system elements are represented by G0 operators. Currently there are 17 different operators available to the analyst to represent the system functinns. Appropriate reliability probabilities were assigned to the G0 operatcrs and the computer programs were exercised to generate the following outputs: reliability point estimates of start-up, reliability with time, an.1 first and second order fault sets. A detailed discussion g of the complete AFS model is presented in Appendix A, Sequoyah G0 Model L Description, and in Appendix B, Sequoyah Model G0 Charts. ( After independently developing the Sequoyah G0 model KSC submitted it to TVA for verification. KSC in conjunction with TVA also developed the re-quired reliability data inputs. A listing of these data and a discussion {' of their sources are presented in Appendix C, Inptc Data to G02. Following TVA approval of the model and input data, required computer runs wem made to accomplish the objectives previously stated. Results of the analysis are presented in the following section. [ [ [ , i 4
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r 4 RESULTS [ L Start-Up g Table 1 presents the results of the start-up analyses. The five cases L described in the introduction were evaluated. For each case two outcomes as a function of system success were calculated. l I L System success for each outcome is defined as: I L 1. Proper auxiliary feedwater flow and pressure for at g least two-out-of-four steam generators. This event L is designated as signal 501 on the master G0 chart, Figure 2.
- 2. Proper auxiliary feedwater flow and pressure for al' four steam generators. This event is designated as ,
signal 500 on Figure 2. l l Continuous Run ' { Figure 3 presents the reliability as a function of running time of the AFS given a successful start and assuming no repair. The AFS start-up condition evaluated was both main feedwater pumps tripped and all power
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1 sources available. The inset table in Figure 3 provides the calculated reliabilities at various time points for the two success conditions pre-viously defined. Fault Sets Because the tenn " cut set" is sc Stuately associated with fault trees and because of the more ger6 1 atu?e of a G0 model compared with a fault tree and the fact tha+ s g S Sperators may function in more
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than two operational states (nWes), the term fault set has been chosen [ 9 - ___ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ . - -
_ ___ r h r i E % P TABLE 1. PROBABILITY OF SUCCESSFUL STARTUP OF THE SEQUOYAH AUXILIARY FELDWATER SYSTEM l 501 500 l POSTULATED SCENARIO AFS Avail. AFS Avail. of 2-out-of-4 of 4-out-of 4 Steam Gen. Steam Gen. p Both MFW Pumps Tripped And All Power .99999 .99832 Sources Available Loss of Offsite Power With Diesel Gen- .99997 .99477 erators & Battery Backup Loss of all AC Power (Batteries Only) .99243 .89502 Break On Steam Generator # 1 Inlet Line .98633 .0 Loss of Train A Electrical Power and .99989 .94385 Both MFW Pumps Tripped System Error: ~10-5 [ [ 10 -
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. I L I L I rather than cut set to describe a minimal set of operator modes which p will produce a particular system event. The system event itself is called L the selected event because it is selected (defined) by the user from the list of all system events produced by a G0 analysis. Although it is not [ cessary, in most applications the selected event will be chosen to be some undesirable occurrence, and for this reason the adjective " fault" has been used. In this analysis the selected event is failure of the AFS to properly { function upon demand. This requires that two failure conditions be defined, one for the two-out-of-four event (G0 signal 501), and one for the four-out-of-four case (G0 signal 500). The case used to generate the fault sets is the two-out-of-four event (501). While the G0 methodology has the general capability to identify fault sets up through the fourth order, only first and second order fault sete I were identified in this analysis. One reason for truncating the analysis { at second order fault sets was economics. For a systen as complex as the AFS the computer running time to identify third and fourth ortier fault sets could be prohibitively expensive. Further, the failure probabilities assoc-iated with the AFS components are on the order of 10-3 or less. Thus if three elements fail, each with a failure probability of 10-3, the msulting joint failure probability would be <10-9, a value which is less than the accuracy of the start-up msults (10-5) previously noted in Table 1. The Fault Finder analysis for the case both main feedwater pumps trip-ped and all power sources available revealed that there are no first order fault :;ets in the Sequoyah AFS. That is, the failure of no single element will fail the systen. There are 116 second order fault sets. These are Isited in Table 2. The numbers appearing in the second and third columns refer to G0 operator numbers. By referring back to one of the initial listings generated by the G0 computer programs, the specific system elements, C E 12
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_____-__ - _- 4 I u e TABLE 2. SECOND ORDER FAULT SETS F L No. Go OPERATORS FAULT #1 FAULT #2 1 123(1) 525(1) Inverter "A" SG Inlet Break (B) 2 146(1) 526(1) Inverter "B" SG Inlet Break (A) 3 242(1) 265(1) Condensate Pipe Break No ERCW 4 243(1) 265(1) OP Error Closes Gate Valve No ERCW g 5 246(1) 265(1) Reducer Plugged No ERCW 6 266(1) 526(1) OP Error Closes GV, MDP-B Inlet SG Inlet Break (A) F 7 268(!) 526(1) Plugged CV, (MDP-B) Inlet L 8 293(1) Open Contact, Pump B Startup 526(1) 9 318(1) 526(1) Open ' l X ' Rel ay , " " " 10 Open 'lX' Contact, " " " r 319(1) 52 6(1 ) L 11 320(1) 526(1) Open '1X' Contact, " " " 12 321(1) Open 'lX' Contact, " " " 526(1) 13 Open '30X' Contact, " " " 322(1) 526(1) 14 323(1) 526(1) Open '30X' Relay, " " "
" " "
15 324(1) 526(1) Open '30X' Contact, 16 325(1) 526(1) Open '30X' Contact, " " " 17 326(1) 526(1 ) Open Delay Contact, " " " 18 334(1) 526(1) Faulty Pump Motor BreCer, B Startup 19 336(!) 526(1) Open Pump Breaker Contact, ( 20 337(1) B Startup Open Pump Breaker Contact, 526(1) l B Startup { 21 338(1) 526(1) Open Pump Breaker Contact, B Startup 22 349(1) 526(1) Plugged Reducer, Pump B Inlet r 23 350(1) 526(1) Faulty Pump B L 24 361(1) 526(1) Faulty Reducer Pump B Disch. 25 362(1) 526(1) Faulty CV, Pump B Disch.
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26 363(1) 526(1) . aulty Reducer Pump B Disch. ( 27 28 365(1) 385(1) 526(1) 525(1) Faulty Reducer Pump B Disch. OP Error Closes GV, MDP-A
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SG Inlet Break (B) Inlet { 29 30 387(1) 412(1) 525(1) 525(1) Plugged CV, (MDP-A) Inlet Open Contact, Pump A Startup 31 437(1) 525(1) Open 'lX' Relay, Pump A H Startup L, 32 438(1) 525(1) Open 'lX' Contact, Pump A Startup 33 439(1) 525(1) Open 'lX' Contact, Pump A { 34 440(1) 525(1) Sta rtup Open 'lX' Contact, Pump A Startup f 35 441(1) 525(1) Open 'IX' Contact Pump A L Startup u 13 s.
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_ , - L F TABLE 2. (Continued) L NO. GO OPERATORS FAULT #1 FAULT #2 L 36 442(1) 525(1) Open Box Relay, Pump A Startup 37 " SG Inlet Break (B) 443(1) 525(1) Open Box Contact, " " r 38 444(1) 525(1) Open Box Contact, " " " 39 445(1) 525(1) Open Delay Relay, " " " 40 453(1) 525(1) Faulty Pump Mtr Bkr, " " 41 455(1) 525(1) Open Pump Bkr Cnt., " " 42 456(l) 525(l) Open Pump Bkr Cnt., " " " 43 " " 457(1) 525(1) Open Pump Bkr Cnt. , 44 46G(1) 525(1) Plugged Reducer, Pump A Inlet i F 45 469(1) 525(1) Faulty Pump A L 46 480(1) 525(1) Faulty Reducer, Pump A Disch. 47 481(1) 525(1) Faulty CV, Pump A Disch. , 48 482(1) 525(1) Faulty Reducer, Pump A Disch. e L 49 484(1) 525(1) Faulty Reducer, Pump A Disch. 50 525(1) 526(1) SG Inlet Break, B SG Inlet Break (A) 51 728(1) 525(1) OP Error Closes GV, (Inlet SG Inlet Break (B) [ to LCV), MDP Line B, SG2 52 769(1) 525(1) Faulty Controller, (LCV Cntr Ckt), MDP Line B, SG2 53 794(1) 525(1) Foulty Level Modifier, (LCV Valve, LCV 3-156) Line B SG2 54 798(1) 525(1) Faulty Level Cntr Valve, [ (LCV Cntr Crt), MDP Line B SG2 55 801(1) 525(1) Plug / Burst CV, After LCV 1 j F 3-156 l L 56 802(1) 525(1) OP Error Closes GV, (LCV Dischs) MDP Line B,SG2 r 57 833(1) 525(1) Plugged /Btrst Flow Element, L (Inlet TD gr,2) 58 834(1) 525(1) Plugged / Burst Temp Well, (Inlet to SG2) [ 59 835(1) 525(1) Plugged / Burst Chec.% Valve, (Inlet to SG2) 60 836(1) 525(1) Plugged / Burst Check Valve, F (Inlet to SG2) L 61 839(1) 525(1) Plugged / Burst Reducer, on MDP-B Line to SGl 62 841(1) 525(1) OP Error Closes GV, (Inlet ( 63 882(1) 525(1) to LCV), MDP Line B SGl Faulty Controller, (LCV Cntr Ckt), MDP Line B SGl { 64 907(1) 525(1) Faulty Level Modifier, (LCV Cntr Ckt), MDP Line B SGl 65 911(1) 525(1) Faulty Level Cntr Valve, LCV 3-156, MDP Line B,.SG1 o .
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_ ________-_____________ - N - TABLE 2. (Continued) - fl0. G0 OPERATORS FAULT #1 FAULT #2 , " 66 914(1) 525(1) Plug / Burst CV, After LCV 3-156 SG Inlet Break (B) 67 915(1) 525(1) OP Error Closes GV, (LCV Disch) - 68 946(1) 525(1) Plugged / Burst Flow Element, (Inlet to SGl) 69 947(1) 525(1) Plugged / Burst Tm p Well, J
- 70 (Inlet to SGl)
Plugged GV (LCV Disch Line),
- 916(2) 526(1)
MDP Line, SGl 71 886(2) 525(1) Spurious Delay Relay Actuation, F LCV Cntr Ckt, MDF, SGl L 72 879(1) 525(1) Faulty Level Transmitter, LCV Cntr Ckt, MDP, SG 1 73 842(2) 525(1) Plugged GV, Inlet to LCV, MDP Line, SGl 74 803(2) 525(1) Plugged GV, (LCV Disch Line) SG2 75 773(2) 525(1) Spurious Delay Relay Actuation, I " LCV Cntr Ckt, MDP, SG2 76 766(1) 525(1) Faulty Level Transmitter, LCV Cntr Ckt, MDP, SG2 77 729(2) 525(1) Plugged GV, Inlet to LCV, f0P F Line, SG2 I o 78 613(1) 526(1) OP Error Closes GV, (Inlet to , LCV), MDP Line A, SG3 SG Inlet Break (A) 1 79 654(1) 526(1) Faulty Controller, (LCV Cntr I l 80 679(1) 526(1) Ckt) MDP Line B, SG3 Faulty Level Modifier, (LCV Cntr Ckt) MDP Line B, SG3 81 683(1) 526(1) Faulty Level Cntr Valve, LCV 3-156, MDP Line B, SG3 l 82 686(1) 526(1) Plug / Burst CV, After LCV 3-156, f MDP , L i ne B , SG3 83 687(1) 526(1) OP Error Closes GV, (LCV Disch) MDP, Line B, SG3 l 84 718(1) 526(1) Plugged / Burst Flow Element, (Inlet to SG3) 85 719(1) 526(1) Plugged / Burst Temp Well, (Inlet l to SG3) 86 720(1) 526(1) Plugged / Burst Check Valve, (Inlet I' 87 721(1) 526(l) to SG3) Pingged/ Burst Check Valve, (Inlet to SG3) 88 950(1) 526(1) OP Error Closes GV, (Inlet to LCV) MDP Line B, SG4 l 89 991(1) 526(1) Faulty Controller, (LCV Cntr Ckt) I l 90 1016(1) 526(1) MDP Line B, SG4 Faul ty Level !!odifier, (LCV Cntr Ckt) MDP Line B, SG4 i 15 l - _ _ - - - - - _ - - -
I l
-
l TABLE 2. (Continued) l NO. G0 OPERATORS FAULT #1 FAULT #2 91 1020(1) 526(1) Faulty Level Cntr Valve, LCV SG Inlet Break (A) I l 92 1023(1) 526(1) 3-156, MDP Line B, SG4 Plug / Burst CV, After LCV 3-156, MDP Line B, SG4 I 93 94 1024(1) 1055(1) 526(1) 526(1) OP Error Closes GV, (LCV Disch) MDP Line B, SG4 Plugged / Burst Flow Element, (Inlet to SG4) 95 1056(1) 526(1) Plugged / Burst Temp Well, (Inlet i to SG4) I 96 1025(2) 526(1) Plugged GV, (LCV Disch Line) MDP Line B, SG4 97 995(2) 526(1) Spurious Delay Relay Actuation, l LCV Cntr Ckt, MDP B, SG4 98 988(1) 526(1) Faulty Level Transmitter, LCV Cntr Ckt, MDP B, SG4 99 951(2) 526(1) Plugged GV, Inlet to LCV, MDP Line B, SG4 1 100 688(2) 526(1) Plugged GV, LCV Disch Line MDP Line B, SG3 101 658(2) 526(1) Spurious Delay Relay Actuation, LCV Cntr Ckt, MDP B, SG3 102 651(1) 526(1) Faulty Level Transmitter, LCV Cntr Ckt, MDP B, SG3 103 614(2) 526(1) Plugged GV, Inlet to LCV, MDP Line e B, SG3, 104 483(2) 525(1) Faulty / Plugged PCV, Valve 3-122 SG Inlet Break (B) 105 476(2) 525(1) Spurious Closure, PCV Control Ckt 106 4 78 (1) 525(1) Failed Hydraulic Sys. , PCV 3-122 107 396(2) 525(1) Spurious Delay Relay Act. , MDP-A, Sta rt-up 108 386(2) 525(1) Plugged GV, Inlet to MDP-A 109 364(2) 526(1 Faulty / Plugged PCV, Valve 3-122 110 357(2) 526(1)1 Spurious Closure PCV Control Ckt 111 354(1) 526(1) Failed Hydraulic Sys. , PCV 3-122 112 277(2) 526(1) Spurious Delay Relay Act., MDP-A, Sta rt-up g 113 267(2) 526(1) Plugged GV, Inlet to MDP-A 114 244(2) 265(1) Plugged GV, from Condensate Line No ERCW 115 150(2) 526(1) TR B, BD-2, DC Power Breaker Opened SG Inlet Break (A) 116 130(2) 525(1) TR A, BD-1, DC Power Breaker Opened SG Inlet Break (B) I E
8 l
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - ' or components involved, in each fault set are identified. These identifiers - appear in columns three and four. Note that most of the system elements - were involved in more than one second order fault set. A ranking of the unique fault set with regard to its contribution to system unavailability is shown in Table 3. From Table 2 it can be seen ~ - that breaks in steam generator water inlet lines are involved in 112 of the 116 second order fault sets. The unavailability of ERCW is involved F in the remaining four. These two faults in combination with 26 other ^ types of faults make up the 116 second order fault sets. Table 3 shows l 7 the frequency of these combination and the double fault joint probabilities. " For the Sequoyah AFS, the highest level contributor is a fault set involving ~ erroneous operator action in posit oning a condensate valve in a closed i L pcsition and the unavailability of emergency raw cooling water. These two events can be identified as signals 4 and 9, respectively, on the master G0 chart shown in Figure 2. I l
.
L E 1 1 I t - I l 17
- _ - - - _-
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . E E TABLE 3. SECOND ORDER FAULTS (RANK ORDERED) I 2nd FAULTS A: UNAVAILABILI1Y OF ERCW, 10-3 FAILURE / DEMAND B: STEAM GENERATOR INLET BREAK,10-6 FAILURE / DEMAND PROB. OF FAULT DOUBLE FAULT I FAULT 1 FAILURE 2 JOINT PROB PER DEMAND FAILURE PER DEMAND
~
FREQ. 1 Condensate valve 10~4 A 10 l I closed, operator error 2 Gate valve plugged 10-5 A 10~9 1 l 3 PCV control circuit 3.2x10-3 B 3.2x10-9 2 4 Level transmitter 2.0x10-3 B 2.0x10-9 4 5 Condensate feedwater 10-6 A 10-9 1 pipe break / vented l 6 Reducer plugged 10-6 A 10
-9 1
7 MDP fails 10-3 8
-9 10 2 8 Hydraulic system ~9 I fails 10-3 B 10 2 9 Breaker opened, oper- ~9 ator error 10-3 B 10 2 10 Breaker mechanism fails 4.0x10-4 B 4x10-10 2 11 Relay coil fails open 2.0x10~4 -10 B 2x10 4 12 Delay relay fails 2.0x10~4 B 2x10-10 2 13 Relay actuated spuriously, 120V 2.0x10-4 B 2x10-10 6 14 120V inverter fails 2.0x10-4 B-
-10 2x10 2 15 Valve closed, op error 10-4 8 10-10 10 16 Check valve plugged /
ruptured 10-4 8 10-1C 12 17 Level modifier fails 10~4 B 10-10 4 I 18 _
_ _ _ _ _ . L m L . [ TABLE 3. (Continued) PROB. OF FAULT DOUBLE FAULT FAUL T 1 FAILURE 2 J0!iiT PROB FREQ. PFR OFMAND FAILURE PER DtMAND 18 LCV fails 10-4 B 10-10 4 19 PCV plugged / stuck 10-4 8 10-10 2 20 Controller fails 7.0x10-5 B 7x10
-II 4
l 21 Switch contacts open 10-0 B 10-II 14 22 Breaker contacts open 10-5 B 10-II 6 23 Gate valve plugged 10 6 B 10-11 10 24 Flow element plugged 10-6 8 10-12 4
-
25 Temperature well plugged 10-6 B 10-12 4 26 Reducer plugged 10-6 B 10-12 9 j 27 Steam gererator inlet break 10-6 B 10-12 j TOTAL FAULTS: 116 I I I - I I I I - 19
I I L - & L [ APPENDIX A SEQUOYAH G0 MODEL DESCRIPTION b [ E E b [ [ [ [
. %
[ [ [ ~ A-1
-
_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - , L
..
% APPENDIX A SEQUOYAH MODEL DESCRIPTION I l THE MODEL
- l The GO modeling procedure is a mechanization of the basic event tree
- i 1
methodol ogy. Figure A-1 portrays the Sequoyah AFW Flow Diagram provided I by TVA in conjunction with approximately fifty other drawings in the TVA data package. Figure 2 in the main section of this report was created presenting a top level master GO chart for Sequoyah AFS. Before proceeding l with the details of the modeling, attention is focused on several aspects of the GO modeling procedure which may be instructive to those not inti-mately familiar with G0 tenninology, etc. The basic G0 procedure has 17 modeling elenents at the disposal of the analyst to represent the system. Many of the elements (referred to as I types) are perfect operators and are used to develop the operational logic and sequencing of the systen. Examples of these perfect operators appearing in Figure 2 are those operators with a single number in the circles', namely the type 2 which is an "0R" gate, type 10 which is an "AND" gate and type 11 which is an 'm out of n' gate. Other operators shown in Figure 2 are identified by two numbers either in a circle or triangle. Forexampg,1-2 indicates a type 1 operator and the 2 is a coded identifier of the proba-bility associated with this particular operator. I If one follows the flow of auxiliary feedwater on Figure 2 from;the condensate storage tanks through a series of valves and reducers to the motor driven pumps a box labeled ST 100 is encountered. ST 100 is an iden-tifier of a supertype which is simply a modeling convenience to represent repetitive portions of a systen. In addition, supertypes are convenient in simplifying the presentation of top level G0 charts. Note.that' ST'100 is used to represent the motor driven pumps in both the A and B' trains.- For a complete description of the GO methodology the reader should consult'. -
,
the EPRI documentation. ,.. The reuainder of this appendix presents a detailed discussion of'the. master G0 chart and each of the supertypes involved. [, .
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.., FLOW DIAGRAM
- I'
., T r l'/
- lr; " ,,
o
"
AUXILIARY l FEEDWATER p .n e Do Eth ncgr l. CEl+%&,'VI~.T..C ,
--- C*l
'd.' bE dy y_ND.a.sGJfI L L.
.v E, n . . . . t e *. _- SEQUOYAH NUCLEAR PLA;-i [ p T Er.N EMt t
.
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<~r--l r. _ 'f 3 ** s. V.AL.=LE.Y s> e,s > AU.TM.C.4ITY n ns
A
- ST indicates a supertype (a logical collection of components used in
.
modeling with GO)
.
A-5
- _ _ . - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - B L. l l Initially the water flows through locked open valves on the AFW main supply line (signals 106, 206 and 2). It will be noted that both con-densate tanks can and do supply water although one tank is sufficient. A stand pipe in each tank guarantees a sufficient supply of auxiliary feedwater for startup plus two to three hours of operation. This is sufficient to bring the temperature of the reactor coolant system down to ( 350 F. This temperature is low enough to pennit initiation of the residual heat mmoval system and the AFWS is no longer needed. The two-tank source l is illustrated by the conjunction of signals 106 and 206 into an '0R' gate producing signal 2. There are several hand valves between this feeder and the output line of each tank. These valves are nonnally closed and are 1 represented by the set of valves running from the output of one tank to the 1 other. Af ter the water soun:es are joined, there are several feedlines going out to the unit 2 AFWS. Component (1-6) represents the probability that
'
any of the above feeder lines break, and includes the probability of any line vents or drains being inadvertently left open. I After passing through another locked open gate valve and a reducer, the system splits three ways, ie.., a path to each of the two motor driven I pumps (MDP) and a third path to the steam turbine pump (TDP). Just prior to the path splitoff to each MDP and the TDP, there is a set of three pres-sure switches (ST 500) which upon sensing a loss of pressure in any two-out-of-three sensors will drive open the valves from the essential raw cooling water systen. The ST 500 module is made up of three ST 200 pressure loss modules and a two-out-of-three gate. The valve logic controlling the raw cooling water admittance is contained in ST 501 and ST 503. The ST 501 modules controlling ERCW to the MDP lines are imbedded in ST 100. The ERCW lines to the TDP use both ST 501 and ST 503 as shown on Figure 2. 3 i I 1
; A-e
.
. - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - -
. _ _ _ _ _ _ -
ST 100 also contains the startup logic for cach MDP (ST 507), the control valve logic (in ST 509) once the pumps are started, and dedicated portions of the pump bleeder, or condensate return line to the condensate tanks (ST 201). The MDP's are started by the arrival of an accident signal.
. The steam turbine is powered by steam f rom the steam generators. In
( Figure 2, the availability of steam in generators 1 and 4 is indicated by component (5-18). The steam lines are fed through a line break component { (1-19), and (1-190) and steam supply transfer valves FCV l-15 or FCV 1-16. FCV i-15, connected to the output of steam generator 1, is used as the primary source of steam supply. If a severe loss of pre:sure in the steam turbine pump output is detected with the trip and throttle valve one-half open, the steam supply transfer logic (ST 515) will detect this situation, shut down ( FCV l-15, and open FCV l-16. In the Sequoyah AFWS model there is only one steam supply transfer logic and this is represented by a type (4-115) com-( ponent which drives perfect components in two ST 515 blocks, thereby con-
' trolling the FCV l-15 and FCV 1-16 valves. The detection of a pressure
{ loss at the TDP is handled in an analogous manner using component (4-32) to represent the pressure switch sensor which operates on perfect components in two ST 300 boxes. The first ST 300, located next to the TDP (signal 51), is used to provide a TDP run signal to control logic in the ST 101 modules. ST 300 located on steam generator 1 steam output line is used . to indicate that a severe drop in pressure has been detected for input to the ST 515 logic on the steam generator 4 line. Assuming steam is avail-able, this steam is passed through pipe break module (1-21), through a flow element with two differential pressure sensors, where each sensor is repmsented by ST 205, and through two steam supply isolation valves FCV l-18 and FCV 1-17. The logic for these two valves is contained in the ST 514 module which is initiated by a signal denoting excessive flow rate frei either of the differential sensors. After passing through the
, ..
A-7
. ..
.. _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____
l B l steam isolation valves, the steam head is stopped at the normally closed Trip and Throttle valve, FCV l-51. With the arrival of an accident sig- l nal the Trip and Throttle (T&T) valve is opened (ST 510), and the nomally open governor valve (FCV l-52), starts to control steam flow (ST 511) into the turbine (component 1-24). The turbine drives the pump (component 6-11) which forces AFW at 880 gpm through a check valve and flow measuring ele-ments to the four steam generator inlet headers. Simultaneous with start- l up of the MDP's and operiing of the T&T valve, '.he same accident signal is used to open up the normally closed level control valves (LCV) which feed AFW into the steam generators. The logic for control of these valves I is contained in ST 101. ST 101 has several supertypes nested within it, i.e., ST 505 to control the LCV's for the MDP line and ST 506 to control the LCV for the TDP line. Each of these supertypes make use of the ST 205 pressure sensor module to detect a broken line, or loss of pressure. l Level control is effected by an auto-controller using level signals from each of the steam generators which are fed by the subject lines. The TDP and MDP lines are merged within ST 101. I On steam generators 1 and 4, the output of ST 101 is merged directly with the main SG feedwater line. The model incorporates another pipe break component (5-15) which inhibits flow into the steam generator whenever a break is present. On steam generators 2 and 3, the output of ST 101 is fed through two check valves in series prior to merging with the main SG feedwater line. Availability of main feedwater is represented by component (5-43). Since the output of all four AFW lines are desired during nomal AFW operation, I these four lines are passed into an AND gate to model output success for signal 500. A minimal requirement for success of the AFW system is ade-g quate water to at least two-out-of-four steam generators which is repre-E sented by signal 501. All logic modules require ac or de power and some require compressed air (system air) for operation of the valves. The majority of the ac power is provided by ST 518. This supertype provides A and B train power from A-8 9 __ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - _ . _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - __
_ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h l l l offsite or onsite power sources or from emergency diesels. Power is ' 1 available at 6900v, 480v, and 120v ac. This supertype also provides 480v shutdown voltage to the dc modale (ST 516).
.
In ST 516, 480v is stepped down to 120v, rectified and provided in two trains, as 125v dc to the systen as required. The de module is also provided with dc batteries which are charged by the 480v ac input voltage. The de voltagt wtputs are passed through two 120v ac invertors to provide two trains of vital instrument power. Systen air is provided by ST 521 which utilizes four main air com-pressors to charge up the systen air receivers. The air from these receivers is passed through the auxiliary air systen (ST 520) which is
, also provided with a backup auxiliary air conpressor and a separate air receiver on each of two trains. The auxiliary air receivers can be charged from the main air stream or from the auxiliary compressors. Each train of the auxiliary air systen provides compressed air to six valves '
in the AFW systen plus some 88 other valves in the Sequoyah plant. I I l I I 1 1 I - g a.e
___ ______ I I Supertypes The material which follows describes the modeling for the various supertypes employed in the Sequoyah AFS model. These are identified in Table A-1. G0 charts for all of these supertypes are included at the end of this appendix. Each supertype G0 chart is referenced to one or more TVA Sequoyab Nuclear Plant Engineering drawings. Sixteen super-types appear in Figure 2, Master G0 Chart. In addition, nine other supertypes are nested within those appearing in Figure 2. l l I E I I I l I
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I I I I A-10
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TABLE A-1. GO SUPERTYPES DEFifiED FOR SI:Q'!ayAll AFWS STARTUP MODEL SUPERTYPE ABBRE- flESTED SUPERTYPES fl0. SUPERTYPE fiAME VI ATI0ft Ill MASTER MODEL
/ 100 Motor Driven Pump MDP 201 501 2
507 509
/ 10_1 Steam Generator Input. -
SGI 505 506
/ 200 Pressure Sensor PS
-
/.201 Condensate Return CR
/ 300 Type 3 Replica T3R
/.100 2/3 Pressure Sensor f:etwork 2/3 PS 200 3
/@ ERCil Valve Open Logic (MDP) ERCWM
/ CiO3 ERCU Valve Open Logic (TDP) El:CtlT
/ ,r201 Controller CTI:1.
I / 5.05 AfilS Level & Cypass V tive Cont rol (MDP) L DPVC 504 519
/QIIid L AF!!S LCV Open 1.ogic (TOP) LCV-T
/ !!)? AftlS Start /Stop 1.ogic (f1DP) SSI.-f t 50P3 1:lectro-llydraul ic Act ualor I'llA
/ (5)Id) Pressure Control Valve Open 1.ogic PCV
/@ AFW Turbine Trip & Throt tle Valve Control TTIVC
/QM Governor Valve Control Logic GOVVC
/@ Steam Turbine Transfer Valve Logic STTV
/@ Afil Pump Turbine Isolation Valve TIV
/ (@ Steam Supply Transfer Module SSTM
/ _516 DC Power DCPilR 517 Breaker Set BS
/ 518 AC Power ACPtlR
/ 519 Air Gate Valve AGV
/@ Auxiliary Air Supply I / 521 Air Supply AUXAR AIR ~
O executed senarately and annreviated in master modei Appear in full detail in master model
- / Used explicitly in master model '
l
-
A-ll
- _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _
.
SYSTEM AIR ST 521 Compressed air is required by twelve level control valves in the Auxiliary Feedwater Systen (AFWS). During nonnal conditions, the air I is supplied from any one of four main air compressors (1-63) A-1, B-1, C-1, and D-1. These compressors are used to charge up two air receivers j ( (1-96). As soon as the air receivers are charged the compressors turn off. Hence, at any given instant there is a probability that the air receivers have an adequate precharge (5-128) to take care of all system air demands plus an emergency call from the AFWS. If the air supply drops too low, or the main air system fails, two auxiliary air systems AA and BB are automatically started up to provide air to the AFWS. These sub-systems are represented by supertype 520, and provide air train A and air train B to the AFWS. During loss of offsite power conditions, the com-pressors which require 480v, 3 phase power are not available until the ( emergency diesels come on line. Until that time, or upon diesel failure, the prime source of air is that which is stored in both the main and aux-iliary air receivers and in air accumulators for valve requirements in I { the AFWS. [ [ [ [ A-12. - L__.---_----_-_._-.__.-
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B i I 1 1 Auxiliary Air Supply ST 520 (S/T 519) 1 The auxiliary air system is very similar to the main compressed air I systen. If the main air is adequate it is passed through an isolation ) - valve (7-80), a check valve (1-99), through a hand gate valve and a second 1 l check valve to chanje up the auxiliary air receiver (1-96). A separate air path passes directly through an auxiliary air dryer and filter, a check valve and a series of three gate valves to the desired pneumatically oper-ated AFWS valves. Several air bypass paths are available which are normally maintained in a valved off position. If the main air supply drops too low, pressure switch (3-48) automatically starts up the auxiliary air compressor, I and operates the main air isolation valve (7-80). The auxiliary air com-pressors are then used to charge up each of the auxiliary air receivers if it is low and/or supply air to the AFW pneumatic components. I Each of the pneumatic valves are supplied air through a hand operated gate valve (represented by supertype 519). I I I I I I I I A-13
_ - - _ _ _ - l Two-0ut-0f-Three Pressure Sensor Network ST 500
,
Supertype 500 takes the output of three pressure loss sensors (S/T 200) and feeds then into a two-out-of-three gate (type 11) to derive output signal 201. Hence, failure of a single pressure switch will not generate an output. Pressure Loss Sensor ST 200 Supertype 200 is used to generate an output signal whenever a loss of pressure is sensed. A tap off the main AFW line provides a water pressure signal to pressure switch (3-25). A hand operated gate valve i (7-5) is located on this tap to facilitate replacement of the pressure switch whenever necessary. There is a low probability (5-3) that this gate valve may be left in a closed position after a maintenance operation. Inverse logic (represented by the 9-26) inhibits electrical output from the sensor unless a loss of pressure is detected. This can be initiated by loss of auxiliary feedwater (AFW), or failure of the pressure switch. The loss-of-pressure signal, when initiated, is represented by a signal output at time 1. I Pressure Hi Sensor ST 205 Supertype 205 is almost identical to supertype 200. The basic dif-ference being that S/T 205 will generate an output whenever adequate pressure is sensed. Loss of instrument power, AFW, or failure of the pressure switch will initiate a cessation of the output signal. I _ Type 3 Replica ST 300 1 The type-3 replica is a specialized supertype generally used to represent a feedback situation. In the modeling of a feedback loop, the l A-14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ canponents involved in the main loop are nonaally used twice, once for initial signal passage and a second time after traversing the feedback loop. To allow proper-accounting of this situation, each type 3 component in the main loop is replaced by S/T 300. This supertype is driven ex-ternally by a type 4 component which represents the type 3 component being replaced. Since the external driver is used only once, the replica { (S/T 300), which is perfect in reliability, can be used in as many loops as is necessary without perturbing the system reliability. Electric Motor Driven Pump ST 100 { This supertype contains all of the pump startup and valve control i 4 logic required for initiation of the motor driven pumps (MDP) in the AFW system. The pump start-up logic is represented by supertype 507, and includes five possible accident signal initiators,125v de logic power, and three phase 6900v ac pump motor power. This module is used to start the motor driven pump (6-28), and also outputs an electrical pump running signal for other valve control operators in the AFWS. When the upstream pressure transmitters (3-27) sense pump discharge, control logic in super-type 509 is used to open up pressure control valve (7-29) and permit AFW to circulate through the AFWS. Either the condensate tank water, AFW(in) or the essential raw cooling water (ERCW) can be used on the pump inlet line. The ERCW is introduccd automatically whenever pressure sensors i I, A-15
-
_ _ _ _ _ _ - _ l l l l (Input 101) sense a loss of water pressure on the main condensate line (input 102). The logic controlling this seq.ance of operations is con-tained in supertype 501 which acts to open the two ERCW flow control valves, cunponent (6-9). 5/T 100 also contains several reducers, check valves, a locked open gate valve, and a water strainer which must be purged periodically. . I l Steam Generator Input ST 101 This supertype contains the logic required to opert the normally closed level control valves (6-13) which admit AFW into the steam generators. It contains feed lines from both the MDP's and the turbine driven pump (TDP). The control logic for the TDP line is represented by supertype 506, with similar control logic for the MDP line given in supertype 505. Pressu re sensors are used to monitor nonnal input and shut down the control valves ! if a pipe break or any other event occurs which causes a severe drop in pres sure. The logic for the pressure sensors is contained in supertypes 200. The balance of S/T 101 contains locked open gate valves, check valves, a flow element and a temperature well for water temperature monitoring. I ERCW Valve Control Logic-1 ST 501 i Supertype 501 models the control logic essential to operating FCV 3-116A and B, FCV 3-126 A&B, and FCV 3-179 A&B ERCW admission valves. These valves are nonnally closed and are opened automatically by a low pressure signal (input 101) or by manual operation of several selector switches. It was assumed for this evaluation, that the selector switchs for each of these valves are all in 'nonnal' mode, and that all of the valves are in a closed state. This infers that none of the valves are in a maintenance or 'stop' state. Under these conditions the presence of a pressure loss signal and a motor driven pump running signal will energize the open (op) relay. This I relay will close the proper set of relay contacts (6-158) in each phase of the 480v valve motor supply (input 103), and the valve motor (3-137) will drive the associated ERCW valve open. Closure of che valve is initiated l l A-16 < -
l 1 l l \ l by operating the close-l switch, while in nonaal mode. This will activate the close (cl) relay and close an alternate set of contacts (6-158) in the 1 valve motor supply, causing the motor to reverse and close the ERCW valve. I 1 An atteupt to close the valve, stop the valve controller, or a premature limit switch operation on the open side will inhibit automatic operation of the ERCW valve. l ST 501 was run independently, assuming perfect inputs, to obtain a set of marginal probabilities for the valve open operation. The marginal probabilities were then assigned to a type 3-101 to obtain a reduced (or simplified) version of ST 501 for use in the master GO model of the AFWS. I ERCW Valve Control Logic-2 ST 503 Supertype 503 is almost identical to supertype 501. The only differences are a set of twc time delay relays in the pressure sensor input lines, and replacement of the MDP run signal with a Trip and Throttle valve half open signal. ST 503 and ST 501 represent the complete logic control for ERCW inlet to the turbine. A reduced version of ST 503 was also obtained and is reflected in the 3-103 used for ST 503 in the master G0 model. I Auto Controller ST 504 Several of the valve control systems in the AFWS make use of an auto-controller. The auto controller can be run in either a manual or automatic mode. While in manual the operator request for valve action is modified by internal preset analog voltages to produce the correct amount and rate of valve motion. When the valve is not being manipulated by the operator, the controller sits in a (passive) automatic state. Upon receipt of an accident signal, the AFWS is initiated and the auto-controller switches I into an active automatic state and control of the valve is detennined by various line sensors which monitor, flow or pressure. In ST 505 and 506 automatic control is affected by a steam generator level signal. The auto l A-17 _
F L controller requires four inputs, a manual input (103), accident detection
-
input (102), a controlling sensor input (104), and instrument power input (101). L MDP Level and Bypass Valve Control ST 505 ( Supertype 505 contains the control logic which admits AFW to the steam generators from the MDP lines. As such it controls the operation af four pair of parallel valves, LCV 3-148 and LCV 3-148A, LCV 3-156 and Lt.V 3-156A, LCV 3-164 and LCV 3-164A, and LCV 3-171 and LCV 3-171 A. These are pneumatic valves with the first valve in each pair being energized closed and the canpanion valve closed in a de-energized state. This allows a fail-open condition for the first valve of each pair. If the valve con-trol system is in nonnal modt not in manual, and the MDP's are not yet running, the valves are opened iJtomatically by an accident signal. If an AFW pipe break occurs causing loss of pressure to the pressure switch, the valves located on the line with the pressure loss will be auto-matically closed after a brief delay to insure that the pressure loss is not just a transient signal. The valve operating signal is applied to a solenoid valve which drives an pneumatic piston operator in or out. Fine control is accomplished with the auto controller previously described in ST 504. Supertype 505 has two outputs, one for each valve in the valve
, pair being controlled. Because of the dual dependent outputs, a reduced version of this logic was not obtained and the complete ST was inserted in the master G0 code.
>
TDP Level and Bypass Valve Control ST 506 Supertype 506 is almost identical to ST 505. The only differences
'
being that each ST 506 controls only one valve and not a valve pair. ST 506 is used to operate the logic for four valves, i.e., LCV 3-172, LCV 3-173, LCV 3-174, and LCV 3-175. Also, the pump run signal is replaced by a T&T , A-18
-
, - ~ valve open signal in ST 506, and two pressure sensors are used on each of the four turbine pump lines to sense loss of pressure, rather than one senso r. This is a pneumatic controller with auto control and accident initiation identical tr ST 505. A reduced version of ST 506 was generated in type 3-106 and is used as such in the master G0 model. {
\
MDP Start-UP Logic ST 507 Supertype 507 contains all the logic needed for startup of the motor driven pumps. Assuming that all hand switches are sitting in a nonnal operating mode, i.e., no manual attempt is being made to start or stop the pumps, the arrival of blackout or other accident signal will initiate l the motor driven pumps as long as the 6900v shutdown board voltage is avail abl e. In the case of blackout, a time delay is introduced to allow l start up and connection of the emergency diesel generators. Receipt of a pump start signal results in the closure of six relay contacts and closure of the 6900v breaker in the three phase power to the pump motor. I Any manual attenpt to stop the pump motor will result in a reopening of the startup power breaker. Due to the presence of two dependent outpcts, this supertype was not I reduced, but was incorporated intact into the master G0 model. I l PCV Control Logic ST 509 I t 1 Supertype 509 contains the control logic for operation of an electro-hydraulic actuated pressure control valve located on the discharge side i I of each of the two motor driven pumps (MDP). These valves are nonnally I l l L A-19 ( r" k i - 1
F-u F L closed and regulate the pump discharge depending on output line pressure. g The valves will fail closed and are identified as PCV 3-122 on pump 1A-A, ' and PCV 3-132 on pump 18-B. Control is effected by operation of an electrohydraulic actuator on each valve. The actuator uses 480v ac to L drive a three phase motor which pumps hydraulic oil into the proper pilot valves to move an actuating cylinder which in turn operates the PCV valve. { The direction the actuating cylinder moves is detennined by hydraulic pilot valves which are managed by an actuator controller and servo ampli-fier. The actuator centroller uses the signal from a pressure transmitter to modulate the valve position. Since this valve is nonnally open, a major concern is connected with events that could cause inadvertent or prenature closure of this valve. In operation, two actuator controllers are used, one for nonnal mode operation from the control roan, and the other for auxiliary mode operation from the auxiliary control room. The l i controllers can be operated in manual if desired, in lieu of automatic pressure control. A reduced version of this supertype was obtained in type 3-109 and used in the master G0 model. Turbine Trip and Throttle Valve Control ST 510 The auxiliary feedwater Turbine Trip and Throttle (T&T) valve control logic (FCV l-51) is contained in ST 510. This valve is nonnally closed until an accident signal arrives, such as blackout (B/0). With the arrival of the accident signal, the T&T valve will start to open as long as there is no steam transfer signal and no trip of the mechanical linkage on the valve solenoid.
'
The valve can be tripped closed from either the main control or auxiliary control roans or by the electronic overspeed sensor after sta rtup. A premature open on the valve limit switch or on the valve torque switch can also contribute to an inhibit condition on the valve opening. The valve can be closed by manual action. Either an open or a close com-mnd will actuate four relay contacts in the supply line to the 125v valve motor. The steam supply transfer signal is received from ST 515. A-20
-
_ . . _ _ _ _ . _ - -
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ L [ [ Since there is a single output this logic was reduced to a type 3-110 f as shown in the insert for the master G0 model. Governor Valve Control Logic ST 511 The governor valve (FCV l-52) is used with the T&T valve to control steam input to the auxiliary feedwater turbine once the initiating signal arrives. This valve is nonaally open and the control logic is contained ( in ST 511. The accident signals are brought into this supertype to over-ride manual logic voltages in the controller and place the governor under [ automatic control as directed by a flow element on the output of the steam turbine pump. The governor valve control contains fairly complex logic { to account for turbine start up and over speed characteristics. The con-troller can be manually overriden or modified by manual adjustments to the controller. The operating logic is used to drive a hydraulic actuator attached to the valve. The electro hydraulic system is a fail safe logic and will fail the governor valve open. Of concern here are the different ways in which electrical signals in the control logic or overspeed sensing circuits could force closure of this valve. This control logic was also abstracted to a simplified type 3-111 as shown in the insert for the master G0 model. { Steam upply Transfer ST 515 l Supertype 515 is used to contain those elements which are used to l detect and signal a request for steam supply transfer from steam generator ' I to steam generator 4, due to the detection of low AFW pressure from the AFW steam turbine pump discharge when supplied by steam generator 1. If this supertype receives a low output from the AFW monitoring pressum switch (input 101) and if the wiliary steam flow control valve from A-21 - 1
- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - .
- _ _ _ _ _ _
L I c I
- steam generator 4 (FCV l-116) is closed, and the T&T valve limit switch indicates that the T&T valve has been opened, then transfer signals will be initiated and sent to the auxiliary steam flow control valves on steam generators 1 and 4. (FCV l-15, and FCV l-16).
L For modeling purposes it is assumed that FCV l-15 is open and passing steam to the auxiliary steam turbine I A-S. If the AFW pressure switch detects low pressure, it is assumed that a signal is sent to close FCV l-15 and after a suitable delay, a second signal is sent to FCV l-16 to open that valve. The second signal is the one that has been modeled in ST 515. This logic has been abstracted to a simpler version denoted by replica b 4-115 and ST 300 in the insert, and used twice in the master GO model. Steam Turbine Transfer Valve Control ST 512 Supertype 512 contains all the logic required to effect steam supply l transfer if required. The steam supply transfer (SST) si'nal is received on input (103) for FCV l-16 and on input (104) for FCV l-15. Input ,104) on FCV l-16 and input (103) on FCV l-15 are pseudo inputs reflecting no change. If the valve control hand switches are in nomal mode when the l SST signal arrives, then FCV l-15 will be closed and FCV l-16 will be opened. The operate signal for each valve is passed through a set of relay contacts l on each phase of the valve motor power supply. Depending on which set of contacts are energized, the valve motor will open or close the valve. With no SST signal FCV l-15 is nomally open and FCV l-16 is nonnally closed. l I Limit switch prematures or a manual close signal will inhibit the open command. This supertype was reduced to a type 3-112 for the master GO model. I l l l A-22 l --- ------
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-
L F L AFW Pump Turbine Isolation Valve Control ST 514
- FCV l-17 and FCV l-18 represent auxiliary steam turbine input iso-lation valves and are connected in series. ST 514 provides the logic for control of these valves. These valves are motor driven and are normally open, unless the differential pressure sensors detect excessive
( steam flow rate (>l50%) indicating a steam supply line break. If this condition occurs, a signal is generated to close both of these valves, to isolate the line. The valves can be operated by hand switches in the main { control or auxiliary control room. The event of interest with these valves is the probability of premature signals inadvertently closing these valves just prior or during a demand. This can be accomplished with hand switch prematures, differential pressure switch prematures, or a premature in the "open" relay controlling the power to the valve motor. Upon loss of power, these valves will stay open. This supertype was reduced to a type ( 3-114 for incorporation in the master GO model. l AC Power System ST 518 (ST 517) Supertype 518 contains intennediate level logic for tha generation or supply of all ac power used in the AFWS. During nonnal operations it is assumed that the plant will be operating either on off-site or on-site power. For this analysis, the power from these switch yards is considered to be perfect in reliability. To simulate blackout, it was assumed that both ( of these two sources had failed. When this condition exists, a 'no signal' or 'not' logic module (9-90) is used to generate a simulated blackout signal { (B/0). This signal (201) represents the same signal propagated by the under voltage relays in the ac power distribution system upon loss of on-site or off-site power. Upon arrival of the B/0 signal, the primary 1700 and 1900 breakers (7-76) are opened, and the auxiliary diesels (3-61) are brou,..t on line to provide emergency power (6900v ac). This 6900v power is [ A-23 - , .
.
s F L F distributed to the auxiliary feedwater pump motors l A-A and 18-B, the p 480 volt transfonners, and through various hand breakers to the 480v L shut down boarvis, l Al-A, l A2-A, IB1-B, and 182-B. At this junction, power is distributed to the 120v transfonners and associated breakers, while the 480v powei is cross connected and sent to the 480v MOV shut down boards. After the 480v cross connection is accomplished, 480v I power is distributed to each of the valve operators. Each valve operator receives this power through a ST 517 breaker set which contains a hand breaker, and thennal and magnetic overload breakers for each valve serviced. Distribution of 480v power is also made at the MOV shut down boards to each cf the DC system boards I-IV in ST 516 (outputs A', B', C', and D'). DC power System ST 516 [ Supertype 516 contains the intennediate logic for the generation or { supply of all de power including ac inverte. power outputs. During nonnal operation 480v ac power is brought ove* from the 480v M0V shut down boards to the DC boards. The 480v goes to three battery chargers each of which supply a de charging voltage to two sets of batteries. The output of these batteries is fed as 125v dc in two trains to the AFW system. In addition to the charger inputs, the 480v is fed to a 120v transformer, rectified and fed along with the 125v de battery output to [ two dc/ac inverters. These inverters provide the' train A and train B 120v instrument power required by the AFWS. E Battery ST 305 E Supertype 305 is a replica model of the battery. units and precharge probability. [ [ , A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _
.
% & % W % - APPENDIX B { SEQUOYAH I40 DEL G0 CHARTS t (Supertype Definition) l l L u r - E E E E r - B-1
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These data were derived from the following sources: WASil 1400 IEEE Nuclear Reliability Data Manual United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authwity ( Mil llandbook 2178 Nuclear Plant Reliability Data Systen in addition, TVA operating experience factors were used. [ [ [ [ . [ C-2 - _______ _ ____ L [ TABLE C-1. RELIABILITY INPUT DATA FAILURE FAILURE PER RATE /HR KIND # DESCRIPT0R DEMAND { 2 Condensate Tank 10-6 10-8 Improper operator action, [ 3 valve position 10-4 0 5 Gate valve 10-5 10-8 [ 6 Pipe breaks, open drains & vant valve '0-0 10-8 7 Reducer 10-6 10-8 8 Check valve 10-4 3x10-7 9 Flow control valve, motor 2x10-5 1.6x10-6 [ operated (NC) 11 Turbine pump motor 1. 7x10-3 2.95x10-5 12 Flow element 10-0 10-8 { 13 Level Control valve, pneumatic 10-4 1.14x10-6 14 Temperature well 10-6 10-8 15 Pipe breaks, water 10-6 10-8 19 Pipe breaks, steam 10-6 10-9 [ I ' 20 Flow Ctrl Valve (NO) 2x10-5 1.6x10-6 21 Steam line breaks 10-6 10-9 [ 22 Trip and Throttle valve 2x10-4 3x10-7 23 Governor valve Part of Turbine - Driven Pump ( 24 Steam turbine Part of Turbine - Driven Pump 25 Pressure switch 10-4 2. 5x10-6 27 Pressure transmitter 10-5 6.5x10-7 28 Electric motor driven pump 10-3 5x10-5 29 Pressure control valve 10-4 1.14x10-6 31 ERCW, Availability 10-3 , [ 32 Pressure sensor 10-4 1.4x10-7 39 Trip & throttle valve limit switch 3x10-4 10-7 47 Battery prechar9e 10-3 - 48 Pressure switch, air 10-2 1.5x10-5 b 49 Solenoid, fail safe 4x10-4 5.5x10-7 53 Operator Action (Breaker) 10-3 2.5x10-6 . C-3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - L E TABLE C-1. (Continued) FAILURE FAILURE F PER RATE /HR L KIND # DESCRIPT0R DEMAND 54 Operator Action, (Gate Valve) { 56 Hydraulic oil reservoir 10-3 2x10-3 10-8 3x10-6 58 Potentiometer motor 10-4 1.4x10-7 59 Integrator circuit 2x10-4 3x10-7 61 Auxiliary diesel 3x10-2 3x10-3 ( 63 Air compressor 3x10-3 3x10-4 64 Servo araplifier 2x10-4 10-7 { 65 66 Mechanical linkage 4x10-4 4x10-5 1.1 x ;0-4 EGM control box 8x10-5 Resistor box { 67 68 Hydraulic accumulator 10-5 2x10-3 1.4x10"8 3x10-6 69 Air line 10-6 1.4x10-7 /1 Air accumulator 2x10-3 3x10-6 72 Breaker plus fuze (series) 2x10-3 3x10-6 b 73 Breaker plus diode (series) 1.2x10-2 1.7x10-5 j 74 Transfomer plus diode rectifier 10-2 1.4x10-5 (series) 75 Breaker plus fuze plus themal 4x10-3 5.6x10-6 overload (series) [ 76 6900v breaker 4x10-4 5x10-7 77 480v breaker 2x10-3 2. 5x10-6 { 78 120v breaker 2x10-3 2.5x10-6 79 Gate valve - air line 10-4 3x10-5 80 Isolation valve, solenoid operated 10-4 1.6x10-6 E- 81 Motor operated potentiometer 3x10-3 3x10-6 82 Summing amplifier 2x10-4 3x10-7 83 DC battery (monitored) 3x10-5 0 84 dc/ac inverter )TRA-120V) 2x10-4 3x10-7 ( 85 Battery charger 3x10-3 4.2x10 86 Steam inlet valve limit switch 3x10-4 1.4x10-6 l [ [ C-4 - .l D ! . _ _ _ - _ -__ .. . L E TABLE C-1. (Continued) FAILURE FAILURE PER RATE /HR KIND # DESCRIPT0R DEMAND E 1 87 Thermal overload circuit 2x10-3 1.26x10-6 j 88 [ 89 Signal selector Limit switch premature 2x10-4 3x10-4 3x10-7 1.4x10-6 91 Steam Isol. Valve Limit Switch 3x10-4 10-7 92 Air line break 10-6 2x10-7 96 Air receiver 2x10-3 3x10-7 h 97 Air dryer 10-4 1.4x10-7 98 Air filter 2x10-3 2x10-6 [ 99 100 Air check valve Air valve & Multiple Valves 10-4 9x10-3 3x10-5 1.25x10-5 101 *Supertype 501, ERCW Ctrl Logic (MDP) 4. 56x10-3 1.3 x10-5 102 Servo power supply 2x10-3 3x10-6 103 *Supertype 503, ERCW Ctrl Logic (TDP) 4.76x10-3 6.6x10-6 104 Hydraulic filter 2x10-3 3x10-6 105 Hydraulic Operator 10-4 1.4x10-7 106 *Supertype 506, LCV Ctrl Logic 2.49x10-2 3.5x10-5 107 Analog voltage generator 2x10-4 'x10-7 108 Hydraulic pressure switch 10-4 2. 5x10-6 109 *Supertype 509, PCV Ctrl Logic 5.75x10-3 3. 5x10-6 [ 110 *Supertype 510, T&TV Ctrl Logic 3.3x10-3 4x10-6 111 *Supertype 511, Gov. Ctrl Logic 2.66x10-3 3. 55x10-6 { 112 *Supertype 512, Trans v Ctrl Logic 4.41x10-3 6.12x10-6 113 Overspeed sensor 10-3 10-6 114 *Supertype 514, Turb. Isol. Ctrl Logic 4.37x10-3 5.8x10-6 115 *Supertype 515, Transfer Module 7x10-4 9.7 x10-6 116 Prob. Flow Rate Too High 10-4 10-5 117 *DC board 3 1.02x10-3 1.4x10-6 118 AC board 3 2.1x10-4 3x10-7 [ 119 Transfomer (161/6.9kv) 2x10-5 2x10-8 120 *Supertype 520, Air System Module 3.10x10-2 4.3x10-5 { 121 122 Transfomer (480/120v) 2x10-5 2x10-8 Transfomer (6900/1480v) 2x10-5 2x10-8 h pes (values establish
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- C-5 , - _ _ _ - - L . TABLE C-1. (Continued) FAILURE FAILURE { , KIND # DESCRIPT0R PER DEMAND RATE /HR 124 Electrical controller 8x10-5 1.1 x10-7. 125 Relay 4x10-4 5.5x10-7 126 Trip & throttle solenoid 4x10-4 5. 5x10-7 127 Pressure regulator 2x10-3 3x10-6 128 Air Precharge 10-4 1.4x10-6 129 Level transmitter 3x10-3 4x10-0 133 Hydraulic system 10-3 1.4x10-6 135 Time delay relay 4x10-4 5.5x10-7 136 Hi/ low speed limit switch 3x10-4 4x10-7 [ 137 Valve motor 3x10-4 10-5 139 Breaker mechanism 4x10-4 5x10-7 140 Air intake, auxiliary compressor 10-3 1.4x10-6 { 141 Breaker (No. 6900v) 4x10-4 5x10-7 < 142 Ramp generator and signal converter 2x10-4 3x10-7 143 Probab. Pressure Too High 10-4 10-5 144 Breaker contacts 10-5 1.4 x10-8 145 DC/AC Inverter (TRB-120v) 2x10-4 3x10-7 146 Temperature switch 10-3 1.4 x10-6 ( 147 Electric fuze 10-5 1.4x10-8 148 Torque switch premature 10-4 1.4x10-5 [ 149 151 Trip & throttle valve switch Hand Switch Contacts 3x10-4 4x10-7 10-5 10-8 152 Solenoid valve controller 3x10-2 2.2x10-6 154 Level modifier 2x10-4 3x10-7 155 Pressure modifier 2x10-4 3x10-7 158 Relay Contacts 10-4 10-7 161 Probab. Flow Too High 3x10-3 10-5 [ , C-6 - .m_____ - ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - __ __ _ ) [ TABLE C-1. (Continued) { FAILURE PER FAILURE RATE /HR KIND # ' DESCRIPT0R DEMAND 162 Flow Modifier 2x10-4 10-7 165 Mechanical trip 4x10-4 5.5x10-7 168 Speed sensor 10-3 1.4x10-6 169 Gate Valve Prem. & Oper. Action 1.1x10-4 10-5 ! { 190 195 Steam pipe break (SG-4) Pipe break, steam generator 3 & 4 10 10-6 1.4x10-9 10-8 [ Kind numbers not listed represent perfect components [ , [ [ M % .. C ' [ [ _ C-7 _ _ _ _ _ - _ .}}