ML17138A766

Assessment of Sites for Augmentation Reservoir, Aug 1977

ML17138A766
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Site:	Susquehanna
Issue date:	08/31/1979
From:	TIPPETTS - ABBETT - MCCARTHEY - STRATTON
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ML17138A767	List: ML17138A766 ML18031A251
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AssessmentofSitesforanAugmentationReservoirforiheSusquehannaSteamElectricStationPreparedforPennsylvaniaPower8LightCompanyAugust1977Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-StrattonEngineersandArchitectsNewYork<909'OSOa70 SUMMARYCHAPTERIINTRODUCTIONCHAPTER2TECHNICALASSESSMENTCHAPTER3ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTCHAPTER4EVALUATIONOPSITES SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONSConclusionsThirteenreservoirsitescapableofdevelopingaugmentationwatersupplystorageneededtomeetSusquehannaRiverBasinCommissionrequirementsforconsumptivewateruseattheSusquehannaSteamElectricStationwereappraisedbothtechnicallyandenvironmentally.Theappraisalledtotheidenti.ficationofPondHillsasbeingthesitemostsuitablefordevelopmentasareservoir.TheGravesPondCreeksite,whichwasalmostasgoodbutdidrequiremorereloca-tionsofpeople,roadsandutilities,isrecommendedasthefirstalternativesite.LittleMeshoppenCreekisrecommendedasthesecondalternativesite.~SummarThe13siteswhichwereconsideredare:GravesPondCreekLittleMeshoppenCreekRileyCreekButlerCreekIdlewildCreekPargoCreekLaningCreekSalemCreekTributarytoNescopeckCreekPondCreekLittleWapwallopenCreekPondHillTributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreekTheLittleWapwallopensitewoulddeveloptheneededwatersupplyoryieldbystoringrunofffromitsdrainagearea.Supplementalpumpingfromanearbysourceisrequiredtodeveloptheyieldattheothersites.Thestudyconsistedofestablishingcriteriaforprojectrequirements,developingaplanforeachsiteandappraisingthetechnicalandenvironmentalqualitiesofeachsite.Theassessmentswerebasedprimarilyonofficestudiesusingexistingmapsandaliteraturesearch.Eachsitewas,however,givma cursoryfieldinspection.Basedonthetechnicalassessment,theTributarytotheSouthBranch,NewportCreekwaseliminated.becauseofgeologicaluncertaintiesresultingfrompastsurfaceanddeepminingJntheimmediatevicinity.Theothersiteswerejudgedtobetechnicallyacceptableandcostestimatesprepared.Basedoncostasbeingameasureoftherelativetechnicalsuitabilityofasiteforthedevelopmentofareservoir,thesitescouldbegroupedasfollows:Estimated+eject.Cost.less..than$32.0millionEstimated'Pqqj.ectCostbetween$32.0and39.0million'stimatedProjectCostgreaterthan$39.0million.RileyCreekButlerCreekLittleWapwallopenCreekPondHillIdlewildCreekTributarytoNescopeckCr.LittleMeshoppenCreekGravesPondCreekLaningCreekFargoCreekSalemCreekPondCreekTheenvironmentalassessmentindicatedallsitestobegood.Re-sultsaresummarizedonPlate4-1,ReservoirEnvironmentalEvaluationMatrix.Fromthismatrixthesitesweregroupedasfollows:,RelativeEnvironmentalSuitabilitforDevelomentofaReservoirRelativelGoodPondHillGravesPondCreekRelativelveraeLittleMeshoppenCreekRileyCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekelatvelooButlerCreekIdlewildCreekSalemCreekcrib.toNescopeckCr.PondCreekLittleWapwallopenCr.

CHAPTER1TABLEOPCONTENTSIntroductionPurposeScopePreviousStudiesPa<ac1-11-21-21"3ListofPlatesPlatel-lReservoirLocation Chapter1INTRODUCTIONThisreportsummarizesthestudiesleadingtotheselectionofaprimaryreservoirsiteandtwoalternativesitesfromagroupof13sitesforanaugmentationofwatersupplystorageneededtomeetSusquehannaRiverBasinCommissionrequirementsforconsumptivewateruseatSusquehannaSteamElectricStation.Theprimeandtwoalternativesiteswereselectedbasedonatechnicalandenvironmentalassessmentof13siteslocatedontributariesoftheSusquehannaRiverbetweenBerwickandTowanda,Pennsylvania.The13sitesare:SiteNumberCountaU.S.G.S~uadMaGravesPondCreekP-OD-09-1RileyCreekSCS10-17ALittleMeshoppenCreekT-10-10AWyomingyoming/usquehannaWyoming/SusquehannaJenningsvilleAuburnCenterAuburnCenter6SpringvilleButlerCreekIdlewildCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekSalemCreekT-38-100ASCS38-10P-OD"10-18CS-11-7T-OD08-2ABradfordBradfordLuzerneLaceyvilleTowandaBerwickSusquehannaLenoxviileSusquehannaCliffordTributarytoNescopeckCreekP-35"1PondCreekP07-2LittleWapwallopenCreekSCS07-8APondHillP-OD"07-1TributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreek'-OD-07-3LuzerneLuzerneLuzerneLuzerneLuzerneBerwickSybertsvilleSybertsvilleNanticokeShickshinnyNanticokeThelocationofthesitesareshownonPlate1-1.1-1

~PuroseThepotentialreservoirsitesarebeingconsideredfordevelopmentofawatersupplysourcetoaugmenttheSusquehannaRiverduringlowflowperiodsbytheamountofriverflowusedconsumptivelyattheSusquehannaSteamElectiicStation,nowunderconstructionnearBerwick.Theestimatedaverageconsump-tiveuseis50cfs.ThestudywasmadeforPennsylvaniaPower&LightCompany(PP&L),theownersoftheSusquehannaStation,byTippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton(TAMS).TheaugmentationisrequiredbytheSusquehannaRiverBasinCom-mission'SRBC),duringperiodsofcriticallowSusquehannaRiverflow.Theyhaveadoptedaslowflowcriteriontheaverageconsecutivesevendaylowflowwithareturnfrequencyoftenyearsplusaproject'stotalconsumptiveuse.ForSSES,theaverageconsumptiveuseis50cfs;and,theSRBCindicatesthesevendaytenyearlowflowtobe790cfsattheWilkes-Barregage.Whenflowintheriverisbelow040cfs-thesumof790cfsand50cfs-theremustbeaugmentationwaterreleasedtoequalthetotalconsumptiveuse..~SooeInthisstudyeachreservoirwassizedtomeettheSRBClowflowcri-teriaduringthemostcriticalperiodofhistoricrecordedflowsattheWilkes-Barregage.Otherpossibleincidentalusesofthereservoirsuchasrecreationandfish-ingwereconsideredaspossiblereservoirfunctions.Infuture,moredetailedstudiesofanyofthesereservoirsites,otherlocalneedssuchasmunicipalandindustrialwatersupplyandfloodcontrolwouldbeconsideredwhenappropriate.Onlyoneofthealternatives(LittleWapwallopenCreek)isaconven-tionaltypereservoirwherethetotalyieldrequiredcanbeobtainedbystoringrun-offfromthecontributingdrainagearea.Theremainingsitesrequiresupplementalpumpingfromanearbyrunoffsourcetoobtainthedesiredyield.Thisassessmentisbasedonafieldreconnaissanceofeachsitebyengineering(TOMSandPP&L)andenvironmental(TAMS)personnel,mapstudies,andaliteraturesearch.Fieldworkforthisphaseoftheinvestigationwaslimitedtoonebriefvisit.1-2 PreviousStudiesPossiblereservoirsiteshavebeenstudiedintheSusquehannaBasinbymanyinvestigators.TheSusquehannaRiverBasinCoordinatingCommitteeReportofJune1970,consideredmanyreservoirsproposedbytheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,theSoilConservationServiceoftheDepartmentofAgricultureandothers.Mostofthesepreviousstudiesconsideredonlystreamswithdrainageareaslargeenoughtoprovidearelativelyhighyield.TAMShas,since1972,madestudiesinthebasinofbothconventionalreservoirsandreservoirssupplementedbypumpingfromnearbystreams.PPGLengineershavecontributedtothesestudiesaswellasmakingtheirowninvestiga-tions.The'13sitesstudiedhereinwereselectedbyPP&Lfromcombinedin-ventoriesofallpriorstudiesandfromadditional,mapreview.Thesesitesarecon-sideredtobethebest'suitedtodeveloptherequiredaugmentationwatersupplyforSusquehannaSES,basedonabroadappraisalofengineering,environmentalandrelocationproblemsofmanypossiblesiteswithinthepartoftheSusquehannaBasinbeingconsidered.Itshouldbenotedthatinthesiteidentifyingnumbergivenabove,SCSreferstositespreviouslyidentifiedbytheSoilConservationServiceintheSusque-hannaReport;TreferstositesidentifiedbyTAMS;andPreferstositesidentifiedbyPP6L.Thefirstnumberreferstothesub-basins,andthesecond,aparticularsite.1-3 CHAPTER2TABLEOFCONTENTSTechnicalAssessmentProjectRequirementsStorage/YieldCriteriaMinimumStorageSpillwayRequirementsFreeboardOtherProjectFeaturesPlansofDevelopmentGravesPondCreekLittleMeshoppenCreekRileyCreekButlerCreekIdlewildCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekSalemCreekTributarytoNescopeckCreekPondCreekLittleWapwallopenCreekPondHillTiibutarytoSouthBranchNewportCreekCostsConstructionCostAnnualCostPacae2-12-12-12-22~22-22-32-32-52-72-82-92-112-122-132-142-152-162-172-182<<182-18 LISTOFPLATESANDFIGURESPlateNo.2-12-22-32-42-52-62~72-82-92-102-112-122-132-142-152162-172i182-192-202"212-222-232-242-252-26HistoricReservoirOperationSummaryofProjectsGravesPondCreekReservoirPlanGravesPondCreekArea-StorageCurveLittleMeshoppenCreekReservoirPlanLittleMeshoppenCreekArea-StorageCurveRileyCreekReservoirPlanRileyCreekArea-StorageCurveButlerCreekReservoirPlanButlerCreekArea-StorageCurveIdlewildCreekReservoirPlanIdlewildArea-StorageCurveFargoCreekReservoirPlanFargoCreekArea-StorageCurveLaningCreekReservoirPlanLaningCreekArea-StorageCurveSalemCreekReservoirPlanSalemCreekArea-StorageCurveTributarytoNescopeckCreekReservoirPlanTributarytoNescopeckCreekArea-StorageCurvePondCreekReservoirPlanPondCreekArea-StorageCurveLittleWagwallopenCreekReservoirPlanLittleWapwallopenCreekArea-StorageCurvePondHillReservoirPlanPondHillArea-StorageCurveFollowingPae2-22-42-52-62-72-82-92-102"112-122-132-142-152-162-17 LISTOFPLATESANDFIGURESPlateNo.2-272-282-29TributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreekReservoirPlanTributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreekArea-StorageCurveSummaryofCostsFollowingPae2-172-19Figure1AnnualCostFactors2-18 Chapter2TECHNICALASSESSMENTSEachreservoirsitewasstudiedtodetermineitsyield/storagecapabili-ties,technicalsuitability,landandrelocationrequirements,anddevelopmentcosts.Theappraisalwasbasedonestablishingaplanofdevelopmentforeachsite,andassessingthevariouselementsofeachplanfromatechnicalandcoststandpoint.ProectReuirementsThecriteria,assumptionsandstudyproceduresdescribedbelowweredevelopedandusedtoestablishcomparablepro)ectrequirementsandalayoutforeachpotentialsite.Eachsitelayoutforthisassessmentwasbasedprimarilyonasinglepurposeaugmentationwatersupplyfunction.Incidentalusessuchaslimitedrecreationandfishingcouldpossiblybeaccommodatedbythepro]ects.Storae/YieldCriteriaEachreservoirwassizedtoaugmenttheSusquehannaRiverduringthehistoricallowflowperiodbyanamountequaltotheconsumptiveuseoftheSusque-hannaSES.LowflowasdefinedbytheSRBCistheseven-day,ten-yearlowflow(g7-10)plustheprospect'stotalconsumptiveuse.TheQ7-10attheU.S.G.S.gagingstationatWilkes-BarreisestimatedbySRBCtobe790cfs,basedonthehistoricalrecord.TheestimatedaverageconsumptiveuseatSusquehannaSESwillbe50cfs.Therefore,inthisstudyitwasassumedthatwhenthenaturalSusquehannaRiverflowasmeasuredattheWilkes-Barregageislessthan840cfs,augmentationreleaseswouldbeneeded.Ananalysisofpastflowrecords(1905-1975)indicatesthehistoricalrecordlowflowperiodwhentheriverflowwasbelow840'cfswas104daysin1964.Plate2-1summarizesthenumberofdayseachyearduringtheperiodofrecordthattheSusquehannaRiveratWilkes-Barrewasbelow840cfs.Itisthesedayswhenaugmentationreleaseswouldhavebeenmadefromthereservoir.2-1 Eachreservoirwas.designedtorefillcompletelyduringthemostcriticalrefillingperiod.Promananalysisofthehistoricalrecordsofappropriategagingstations,themostcriticalrefillingperiodextendedfromDecemberl964throughMay1965followingthehistoricalrecordlowflowperiod.AtallsitesexceptLittleWap-wallopen,theinflowwasinsufficienttocompletelyrefill,andapumpstationwithacapacitytorefilltheremainingstoragefromanearbysourcewithinareasonabletimewasincludedasapartofthedesign.Resultsofmasscurveanalysesofnearbystreamswereusedtoestimatetheportionoftherequiredyieldwhichcouldbedevelopedfromthenaturalrunoffandthestoragevolumeneededtodoso.Theremainderoftherequiredyieldmustbedevelopedbypumping,withstoragevolumeprovidedaccordingly.Lossesforevaporationandseepagewereassumedtoequal109'ftheinflowand/orpumpedvolume.Basedonthesecriteriathetotalvolumerequiredforwatersupplyateachofthesitesrangedfromll,S00acre-feetatthesiteshavingthesmallestdrainageareato12,300acre-feetattheLittleWapwallopensite.Aminimumflowof0.1Scfspersquaremileofdrainageareawasassumedtobemaintaineddownstreamofthereservoirsandpumpingsources.Thisrepresentsthepresent(conservation)minimumflowcriteriaoftheDepartmentofEnvironmental.Resources,CommonwealthofPennsylvania.Streamflowdownstreamfromtheprojectwouldnormallyexceedthisminimumbecause:1.Mostofthetimethereservoirwouldbefull,andallinflowwillbepasseddownstream;and2.Duringlowflowperiods,partoftheaugmentationreleasecouldbemadedownstreamatthosesitesforwhichthereisademonstrablebenefittodoso.MinimumStoraeAminimumstoragelevelwithacapacityequivalenttoeither2000or3000acre-feetwasassumedforeachreservoir.Reservoirsnearpopulationcenterswereprovidedwiththelargerminimumpool.Thispoolwouldbelargeenoughtostoreallsedimentsaccumulatinginthereservoiroverthelifeoftheproject,andprovideprotectionforaquaticlife,reservestorageandforaestheticreasons.2-2 DAYSDURINGPERIODOFRECORD(1905-1975)THATANAUGMENTATIONRESERVOIRWOULDBEREQUIRED'LATE2-1I/2190506070809July>>>>Aug.Sept.12Nov.Total0001201910111213141516'l7181913030130000001920212223242526272829000000000019303132333435363738392700000000035194041424344454647484901600000000>>BasedonreservoirreleasesweenflowwasequaltoorlessthanB40cfsattheSusquehannaGageatWilkesBarre.>>>>Basedonhistoricalrecord,augmentationreleaseswouldneverberequiredinthemonthsDecemberthroughJune.

DAYSDURINGPERIODOFRECORDI(1905-1975)THATANAUGMENTATIONRESERVOIRWOULDBEREQUIRED"(Continued)PLATE2-12/2515253545556575859July"Aug.10Sept.Nov.Total00080120009196061626364656667686919232919316250032251043000019707172737475000000Total50124"6331BasedonreservoirreleaseswhenflowwasequaltoorlessthanB40cfsattheSusquehannaGageatWilkes.earre.~~Basedonhistoricalrecord,augmentationreleaseswouldneverberequiredinthemonthsOecemberthroughJune.

SillwaRequirementsAcombinationoffloodsurchargestorageandspillwaycapacitywaspro-videdtoinsuresafetyofthepro)ect,shouldtheprobablemaximumfloodoccur.Ingeneral,thefollowingdepthsofsurchargestoragewereprovided:15feetfordrainageareasgreaterthan15squaremiles10feetfordrainageareasgreaterthan5squaremiles5feetminimumEachspillwaywassizedtopassthepeak.outQowconsideringtheapplicablestoragevolumes.FreeboardAfivefootfreeboardovermaximumfloodlevelwasusedforallreservoirs.Thisissufficienttopreventovertoppingofthedamformaximumcombinationofflood,fetch,andwindconditions.OtherProectFeaturesEmbankmentdamsandoverQowspillwayswithhydraulicJumpstillingbasinsforenergydissipationwerespecifiedforallsites.Studiesleadingtopre-liminarydesignwouldconsiderpossiblealternatives.Anoutlettowerisindicatedforeachsiteandwouldconnecttothepump-ingwaterconduitand/ortoan.energydissipationbasinonthedownstreamsideofthedam.Augmentationreleaseswouldbemadeeitherbacktotheoriginalpumpingsourceortotheexistingdownstreamchannel.Innocasewouldthedownstreamre-leasesexceedthecapacityofthedownstreamchannel.Thetowerswouldbedesignedsoreleasescanbemadefromvariousselecteddepthstoassistinmaintainingdown-streamwaterquality.PumpstationsweresizedtorefillthereservoirduringthemostcriticalhistoricrefillingperiodwhichhydrologicrecordsindicatetohaveoccurredfromDecember1964toMay1965inthepartoftheSusquehannaRiverBasincontainingthesitesstudied.AtthosesiteswhicharerefilledfromtheSusquehannaRiverorotherlargestreamswhereamplewaterisavailableduringthisperiod,pumpsweresizedtorefillthepumpingstoragevolumewithinathree-monthperiod.Relocationsareprovidedasneededtominimizedisruptionstothepresentpatternsofroads,transmissionlines,pipelinesandotherutilities.2-3 LandrequirementswereestimatedfromtheexistingU.S.G.S.maps.Itwasassumedthatanadequateareaabovethemaximumreservoirlevel,wouldbeacquiredforrecreationdevelopmentandtopreserveorenhancetheexistingaestheticqualityofthesites.PlansofDevelomentAplanwasdevelopedforeachsitewhichwouldprovidethewatersupplystorageneededtomeetthelowflowaugmentationrequirements.Theseplansaredescribedherein.Yield/storagerequirements,waterlevel.andotherpertinentinformationforeachsiteare.summarizedonPlate2-2.Aplanforeachreservoirandanarea-storagecurveareshownonPlate2-3through2-28.ProjectcostandannualcostaresummarizedonPlate2-29foreachsite.TheplansconsideredstorageonlyforlowflowaugmentationnecessaryfortheSusquehannaSES.Otherincidentalusessuchasrecrea-tlonandfishingwhichrequirenoadditionalstoragecanbeaccommodatedwithintheplan.Someofthesitescanbedevelopedformorestoragethanisanticipatedinthisstudy.Theadditionalstoragecouldbeusedforfloodcontrol,municipalandindustrialwatersupply,andlowflowaugmentationforotherpurposes.Theneedforthisadditionalstorageisunknownatthistime.Thepossibilityofprovidingadditionalstorageisnotedintheprojectdescriptionsherein.Itshouldbenotedthatnostudiesleadingtooptimizationoftheprojectfeaturesandcostshavebeenmade.TheplanswerebasedontheabovecriteriaandthetopographyshownontheU.S.GeologicalSurveymapswithascaleofl:24,000.Eachreservoirsitewasvisitedinthefield.Adescriptionofeachsite,anarea-storagecurveandmapshow-ingtheconfigurationofeachreservoirfollows.2-4 SusuehannaReservoirStudSummarofProectsSiteNumberDrainaeAreaVnitssq.mlGravesPondCreek~P-OD-09-)2.3LittleMeshoppenCreek~T-10-10A)10RileyCreek(SCS-10-17A)17.5IdlewildButlerCreekCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekLT-38-100A)~SCS-30-)1))P-OD-10-))~BCS-11-719.47.84,310.6Yieldfrom-RunoffPumpingTotalSforarfefor-RunoffPumpingTotalWaterSupplyInactiveElevations-TopofDamMaximumWaterLevelWaterSupplyLevelMinimumWaterLevelReservoirArea-TopofDamMaximumWaterSupplyMinimumWaterSupplyExosedAreaMaximumDrawdowncfscfscfsAFAFAFAFft.MSLft.MSLft.MSLft.MSLAcresAcresAcresAcres05050011,50011,5002,0001,0901.0851,0801,005300255751801040502,7009,30012,0002,0009459409308703703101002102129505;2006,70011,9003,0009409359208654653551302552426505,7006,10011,8003,0001,1001,0951.0801,025450350125225941502,3009,40011,7002,0001,2251,2201,2101,1353302759018505050011,50011,5002,0001,0201,0151,005900330280602201040502,9009,20012,1003,0001,0401,0351,02595542034090250~PomfnSourceDrainageAreaofSourceCapacityHeadPipelineI.engthsq.mlcfsft.SusquehannaRiver9,000644702,000(Tunnel)MeshoppenCreek1046437010,000781002108,000635030014,500MeshoppenTunkhannockCreekCreekSouthBranchTunkhannockCreek40502203,800SusquehannaRiver8,500644609,000SusquehannaRiver8,000503507,000(Tunnel)uoQpeeeo~OI SiteNumberDrainaeAreaYieldfrom-Vnrresq.miSalemCreekT-00-08-2A3.2TributarytoNescopeckCreek2.2SusuehannaReservoirStudSummaofProectsPondCreekP-07-29.6LittleWap-wallopenCreek27PondHillP-OD-07-I1.2TributarySouthBranchNewportCreek~P-OD-07-3)RunoffPumpingTotalcfscfscfs05050050501634505405405050050503~toraeIor-RunoffPumpingTotalWaterSupplyInactiveEievations-TopofDamMaximumWaterLevelWaterSupplyLevelMinimumWaterLevelAFAFAFAFFt.MSLFt.MSLFt.MSLFt.MSL011,50011,5003,000895890885795011,50011,5002,0009159109058104,0007,60011,6002,00084083582571012,300012,3003,000850845830765011,50011,5002,000960955950870011,50011,5003,0001,0751,0701,065975ReservoirArea-TopofDamMaximumWaterSupplyMinimumWaterSupplyExosedAreaMaximumDrawdown~PnmInSourceDrainageAreaofSourceCapacity'eadPipelineLengthAcresAcresAcresAcressq.micfsft.ft.27523555180SusquehannaRiver10,500644909,00025521545170NescopeckCreek163643402,00027020045155LittleWap-wallopenCreek29503052,00041030010020024023080150SusquehannaRiver10,000644703,00022020070140'usquehannaRiver10,00064~u735KR20;000~~

GravesPondCreekP-OD09-1ThisprojectwouldbelocatedonasmallrightbanktributarytotheSusquehannaRiverinWindhamTownshipofWyomingCountyabout4.7mileswestoftheBoroughofMeshoppen.ThelocationofthedamsiteandtheoutlineofthemaximumandminimumreservoirareaisshownonPlate2-3.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-4.Thedrainageareaabovethedamsiteis2.3squaremilesandistoosmalltodevelopanyappreciableyield.ThisstudyassumesthatalltheyieldwouldbedevelopedbypumpingfromtheSusquehannaRiverthroughashorttunnel(2200feet)tothereservoir.Conservationreleaseswillbemadetothedownstreamchannel.Apartoftheaugmentationreleasecouldalsobemadetothischannelaslongasitscapacitywasnotexceeded.Theremainderoftheaugmentationreleasewouldbemadethroughthetunnelbacktotheriver.Theproposedprojectisbasedonproviding13,500acre-feetofstoragetoobtainanaugmentationyieldof50cfs.Iti.sestimatethatthecapabilityofthesiteaslimitedbytopographyisabout21,000acre-feetwhichwouldyieldabout80cfsforaugmentationpurposes.Thereservoirissmallandcompactrequiringaminimumofland.Itwasassumedthattheexistingsecondaryroadfallingwithinthereservoirwouldberelocatedinordertomaintainexistingaccess.Nootherrelocationreauirementswereapparent.

/')lkh%%%<~JI))PLATE2-3i1.Rnnn3~lL)lll5MAXIMUMWATERLEVELly)p//OOIOTUNNELIpp))c>MINIMUMWATERLEVEL~~NegT0.POndICr//rO~OZ~'PgQ.~/0~'I/JOOI2SCALEINMILKSA(kX%kNXXhTIPPETTS-ABBETTMcCARTHYSTRATTOIIENOINEERSANOARCHITECTS'E'//YORK,N.T,.+oIT0~~~r/'+SUSQUEHANNASTUDYI'IKXNM~~~))/El'LLM)'/.ilGRAVESPONDCREEK~(P-00-09-j)IAn, l0X10TOTHEINCH+IXiOINCHESH2CaKEUFFH0ESSERCO.scaOCINOSA460703300200100110100900.0 LittleMeshoenCreekT10-10ATh}.sprojectwouldbelocatedonLittleMeshoppenCreek,partlyinAuburnTownship,SusquehannaCounty,andpartlyinMeshoppenTownship,WyomingCounty.Thedamsiteisapproximately1-1/2milesnorthoftheBoroughofMeshoppen.ThelocationofthedamsiteandtheoutlineofthemaximumandminimumreservoirareaareshownonPlate2-5.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-6.Theproposedprojectisbasedondeveloping14,000acre-feetofstor-agetoyield50cfsofaugmentationflow.Themaximumstoragecapabilityofthesiteaslimitedbythetopographyisabout35,000acre-feetwhichwouldyield140cfsforaugmentationpurposes.TheremaybesomebenefitstotheBoroughofMeshoppenforfloodcontrol.storage.Thisshouldbeinvestigatedinfurtherstudiesofthissite.Thedrainageareaof10squaremileswouldprovideanaugmentationflowof10cfs.Theremainingrequiredaugmentationyieldof40cfswouldbede-velopedbypumpingfromMeshoppenCreeknearitsconfluencewiththeSusquehannaRiverattheB'oroughofMeshoppen.A1.9milepipelinewouldconnectthepumpsta-tionwiththereservoir.Alternatively,pumpingcouldbedirectlyfromtheSusque-hannaRiver.Itisbelievedhowever,thatabetterqualitywatercanbeobtainedfromMeshoppenCreek.WhenpumpingfromtheMeshoppen,theflowbelowthepumpstationduringthecriticalrefillingperiodwouldhavebeenabovetheestimatedlongtermmedianflow.Conservationreleaseswouldbemadetothedownstreamchannel.Aug-mentationreleasescouldbemadetothechannelalso,orviathepiplinetotheriver.ThereservoirislongandnarrowandwouldbackwaterupalmosttoCar-linsPond.Landrequirementswouldnotbeextensive.Thetwotransmissionlinescrossingthereservoirwouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclear-ancerequiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Itwasassumedthatthesecondaryroadattheupperendofthereservoirwouldbestraightenedandanewbrdigecon-structed.Accessinandaroundtheprojectwouldbemaintainedbytheexistingroadsoutsidethereservoir.

p0Ij444raooooori'==0~lxi.r4/~5=aoaooatoologyQ~O~aoooa~o4oo~~~~~CONSTRUCTBRIDGE~ORCULUERT"::0-.67!fyaa~g(::ICPCS~V>gw&4IliiSUSQUEHANNASTUDYLITTLEt4'IESHOPPENCREEK(T-IO-IO-A)nSCALE9.%(L~~(IIPPEaTS-ASSEiZ-A, IH+E10XIOTOTHEINCH~1XIOINCHESCaKEUFFEIAESSERCO.~ls05A460703400300200100920900880860840820.10121416 RileCreekSCS10-17AThisprojectisonatributaryoftheWestBranchoftheMeshoppenCreek.ItislocatedmostlyinAuburnTownshipinSusque-hannaCounty.AsmallportionisinMeshoppenTownshipinWyomingCounty.Thedamsiteisabout3-1/2milesbyroadnortheastoftheBoroughofMeshoppen.ThelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthemaximumandminimumreservoirareaisshownonPlate2-7.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-8.ThepossibilityofprovidingsomefloodcontrolstoragefortheBoroughofMeshoppenexistsatthissitealso.Againitshouldbeinvestigatediffurtherstudiesofthissiteareconsidered.Thedrainageareaabovethedamsiteis17.5squaremiles.Approximately21cfsoftheSOcfsaugmentationflowwouldbedevelopedfromthedrainagearea.Theremaining29cfswouldbedevelopedfrompumpingfromMeshoppenCreekattheconfluencewiththeWestBranchthroughapipeline1.Smileslong.Whenpumping,theflowsintheMeshoppenwouldnotbereducedbelowtheestimatedlong-termmedianflowatthepumpingsite.ItisestimatedthatthedownstreamchannelhassufficientcapacitytoconveyallreservoirreleasestotheSusquehannaRiver.PumpingfromtheWestBranchofMeshoppenCreekisanalternative.However,duringthecriticalrefillingperiod,theflowpastthepumpstationwouldhave'attimesbeenreducedtotheminimumre-quiredforconservationpurposes.Thereservoirislongandnarrowconsistingofbothfarmlandandsecondgrowthundevelopedareas.Landrequirementsarenotextensive.Accessthroughouttheareawouldbemaintainedbytheexistingroadnetworkandasmalllengthofrelocatedsecondaryroadontherightbankjustnorthofthedamsite.Thetwoexistingtransmissionlineswouldberaisedtopro-videnotlessthantheminimumclearancerequiredabovethemaximumreser-voirlevel.2-7 t<a<SIC>c!S8rÃ.ISS>~TccqS!8!kel'rahma!T(/1(r.czf>!an'tSirs+ardVfife!.5RctjSrt.'/st.tfotfitjrrcc~/ic'v>5$8SI,DC<girtUIStergt!Cof3!rrtbfeQt.fiftffofc1r0)'~g.roy,<<I!Acsz('~i'ITTLEMESHOPPENCREEK10-IOA=2i/=gp~~~tfBUTLERCREEK*1iT-38-100A~:rrsLot!tea>tf~g!so'zfter,3'ifttftO",Jgsit"s%!rffft'rIW>8fiis'ld~/viPOCKrYST!3>.tscf>agrici!<¹rriCKfjtcif>ftLlAI0tt.:l/469.Vft'.c:8SD!tr8ffArttiOft>C>VlliC.CCA,LANINGCREEK538"OI."ffi¹0arnr.OT>sf!StO!ttc/tSCS-11-7Pgccscefi<<V.Ffar.t.litt<.3.;.tf>thc>ggTgftVI!f8+~<~JcSVCS!SJVc!flayff1~as;!/iiv~tVII.02maSGOS's":tA'>orv!4t!s'toC><I<ir;Orotc0rm',Sprit'-Iscviiict.c.s..-':-I'tW>s5&J~S*'i}/4"~~<tgRg~aft¹.."-"---=."-etsCafkf~t/6.C/'+Cantor!%~4"L8itottcrcBgttdrrP!~Seec~LASSIE'zrjrrfrCsS'dasttsop.IA'A(A,<P".-.tt?COT><fa:.izcv'v:Aq.-rcrnttts>.iGES!3!ref884tg!>>R.GISi1aS(q.318~;-*.pt(>>DOos/'Dfp'c2!r/trsr3s>gal/3>f,-ftp~"<<vtca--cc>/.<<-+>>tt8rJvt'js>Ig'"'cee;!rf<ii;:!zCCzrfctftPit>!.sr'~DGtfjdsvi!'if'.!St;c>Doff.,<tc>8/"cIDLEWIIDCREEK.NeStt-~'tlbftny'I87FARGOCREEK'r/.NfrP-OD-IO-I~..r.~ft!Tj><"k':em.'oVtt!!teS.Cavu!!sti-3/-Mitts¹..~DuSh0reMi!drftdLIRcofoFailsictisssot>a.oo>>jG>>-i~ZSC5-10-17A~kgArse!I.:.FGffcSVgQVROe.i:S-rVfsSr.PC,GRAVESPOND4>J,ti:tt:tai4~+22CDIPfttrg<.c.I+.-:<~-:sQttphatftiG.j:nqi.~.--.~=.-'O*ffmarecCREEKWK8V!fC/g~t>n/SiS~Rc>Prctrtgs3vcLof,".8'AiXVP-00-09-1~Gffjter'=.'-gW:gp'As?!ro>f'gJsCintC4f4>:s>fig-.>-""<<"vsrOsJ+ctr..:..~wgleo~MÃ8:pyigfrvcr>2rncgr-=246<><S.SZ>JiI~/~tfaf";..gqr!ctv<ORGj!V~~Ar,/1e2"Tfte<nftlarc'fItfstcttsvilf8blurty~'ittfletC~~'ypV;r$r~~f!vofif.Zac'Crt<n4XFVS'Lg4~>!.Mt!8>tCRrsitog~CCiSP"Q3Pd.$"q;.r,.03;mrPecksk.cvi8'196'Q>av,-ps!Aftp,'fstTRIBUTARYTOSOUTHBRANCH'~+,~~/"trrs--Sptf!Igi<tVti3t820<<>81~faSs~!BffQr!2V8tf.t>r>Oftttjgf!t//'~Crt!."!trefSY>'88>fTfa!~,3/i~rS.i'>car"/fvtQ+3-".50tnc,NEVI'PORTCREEA><Vt>Sf'~s,c,~ftE<"IRorrbr>//aGPONDHILL:>>ovfsP-00-07.1~.'rv<tftjt<f8fc~Ao>Vlv8i]3~~;/IP-OD-07-3,'r!KV'I'8/TP./cX:,.CrS.rr~CtfÃ98at3+fraft/~-.=MI,.fIrf.Lttjrfelt8<res<Ht>r'-JOCfS~+"""'.tCCkc&fomogda!8Harve2-c,iffeCa~>,.Ef;ti<vft13>t>fit!geo>Tf3tii!Ss¹Thott!tlurstrt,exttttdZ~vpsgvqkyotojtII"-..Ca~ttdettsis:1.~.t':gtfI>IIc'ssIISJr.i:~">Gb7tta;tttaWafaa>L.~r~g>AQ.rg!t¹talI'.,',.a.~8GT"-"+Bff8~1SALEMCREEK442"gftG~pg7~OppAtfDs)J>>kloitkc..arof4+TC<frf1ftaor>"-.Tt.,!te,/fct.'Sett*-:-".,-LITTLEV/APWALIOPENCREEK~Q>SSc~vcva.a.tPy~.IaHttffMf'IIVIII@..Chc!<gf(.3QsRohtSbfjfJnr!11ftvttfioctdct54TttrltOfv>ac>resf~>'Ozsecttil>iaO.tf<S."f0'<!S<6)~~0HOis"fe~Has'.i1~JSCS07-8A<s<jSfocorfcfj100SGtg,Mf~c8c&tfjfssjififtptst~+crt3<5!<fgg;Orr>>!ti..!ImeetoneH~TR'Crctr<CfRQ<<'Pp'Q'r1reI/tY3s'1"""'-V-'""'*.'*"~-'.,~":-/~ip>rc,PONDCREEK'Sjc'-Stt'T'r!>)'JC8t8D1>A<!;:c'A>~"'.TRIBUT'ARYToNEBOOPED!(DREEI(.'"g,,>>C>>>~*(r/a/r'P+,R<>ccc<sic.c><g~'~-'I.!>>J3i>R<<'>H<t!Efs~~<syRES-RVGllRLGCATIGIAITART~P>RTTR-ARRRTT.>~CARTA<-RTRATT>>RgS>/>!JtFl>,1~9'JfsfzcR.GrokSCALE:3=5MILESSUSQUEHANNASTEAM~~risE3EOET!IT!ON."'-~.""'~-'t~-.'-<."3>N'"":":f"e'-"'"""":-"'*"="'~--'-"'"'.'cS'"-"SUSQUEIHIAIINASTUDY

J/(]//.y<ZPj"/,lj;:,;--",','~/v'rfRAIONLINE1PIPEEINE'!JJ)yq=:="========~%,<<~ggN')'1'qual-'-~<<=<<'>~h-~)z)i/)g)jjj//)/f/';AXIMUMWATERI~)SEEXISTINGTRANSMISS:J(L)~I0o)rrrr--.-.>0.r,M"~~5-lr')Pa<~olf)/I%'i'4'-il-~~t(~IjooiIoh~UO~)00~~~+;~~~iAO))l'Ijl)OOOO'g)~'lO,'orrrC~QJQ~M):,~7/go1(.gO)oOClrrCl4frr~-)Jqr~4~Oq"o.:>OOCIRELOCATEROAD,i/!yYj'3'.~~~'algooI1Oft'ITTLEMESHOPPENCREEKSITE,,OO0oo~~DJI'j../IiII;IIfIo.b)+l~lli~J,J//7~o,I0"~e~$j((g:~'p9l20Pwyygai>u~~ip!j!i~IrfNG)NffRSANDARCN)'ffCffxx:-y4%i,0-III0~COVrS~)0')'i'grr~OUIooW~sl.q~~r~2S'QUEHANNA.ETUDE~'lLEYCREEKr.(SCS-10-17A))5P"SERVOIRPLANO~l~Prl~pealn

10X10TOTHEINCH~1X10INCHES~PaKEUFFELdESSERCO.StlOCISSSE46070380070060050040030020010010090800102030Storage-1000AF4050 ButlerCreekT-38-100AThisprojectislocatedinHarfordTownshipinSusquehannaCountyabout2milesdirectlywest-northwestoftheVillageofSouthGibsononatributarytotheNinePartnersCreekwhichisatributarytoTunkhannockCreek.Plate2-9showsthelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoirandPlate2-10showsthearea-storagecurve.Thedrainageareaof19.5squaremilesupstreamofthedam-sitecandevelopanaugmentationyieldof20cfs.Theremainingrequiredyieldof30cfswouldbedevelopedbypumpingfromtheconfluenceofNinePartnersandTunkhannockCreeksthroughapipeline2.75milesinlength.TheflowintheTunkhannockCreekdownstreamofthepumpstationwouldbereducedattimesduringthecriticalrefillingperiodtothemini-mumrequiredforconservationpurposes.Itisestimated,however,thatpumpingwouldhavecausedthistooccurinoneyearduringthe70yearsofrecord.Conservationreleaseswouldbemadetothedownstreamchan-nel.Augmentationreleaseswouldbemadetothedownstreamchannelandbacktothepumpingsourceviathepipeline.Innocasewouldthecapa-cityoftheexistingchannelbeexceeded.Thereservoirareaislongandnarrowconsistingofbothfarmandsecondgrowthundevelopedland.Landrequirementswouldnotbeex-tensive.Accessthroughoutthevicinitywouldbemaintainedbytheexist-ingroadnetwork.Itwasassumedthatrepavingtheexistinggravelroadontherightbanknearthedamsitewouldbeapartoftheproject.Nootherre-locationsareapparent.2-8

'10X10TOTHEINCH~7X10INCHESHoECwIIEUFFEIAESSERCO.saoCM0%A.460703900800700600SOO4003002001000120110010009001020304050aIIED C5IQMEMllliiTERIEVIL~-.'..fC.~II/gE'.A/.SfC/~~~~~)-~~o'---"',WXk~)'i~'.,:('~.+~-'q-:'-.~=~.~~j(~=r,5",,rgL-."-f'---..SuSauCHAnNASTVOV~IMCC'5S.ASSSSS-EAI(AASSITSSEATSONII>ORIIISRNOI~CIIIIICIS4+M')1'-WXI)Ii'I~rtri+il~p+w~ICMh 0

IdlewildCreekSCS38-11ThisprojectwouldbeinCliffordTownship,SusquehannaCounty.Thedamsitewouldbeabout4.4milesdirectlysouth-southeastoftheVillageofSouthGibson.Theextentofthereservoirandthelocationofthedam-siteisshownonPlate2-'Ll.Thearea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-12.ThedrainageareaofIdlewildCreekabovethedamsiteis7.8squaremiles.About9cfsofaugmentationyieldcanbedevelopedfromthedrainagearea.Theremaining41cfsneededwouldbedevelopedbypumpingfromtheEastBranchofTunkhannockCreek.TheflowintheEastBranchpastthepumpstationwas,duringthecriticalperiod,reducedattimestotheminimumrequiredforconservationpurposes.Itisestimatedthatpump-ingwouldhavecausedthistooccuronlyinoneyearduringthe70yearsofrecord.A.pipeline0.75milesinlengthwouldconnectthepumpstationandreservoir.Conservationreleaseswouldbemadetothedownstreamchan-nel.Augmentationreleaseswouldbemadeviaboththechannelandthepipe-linebacktothepumpingsource.Theexistingchannelcapacity,however,wouldnotbeexceeded.Thereservoirissmallandcompactandwillnotrequireextensivelandtakings.Accessintheareawouldbemaintainedmostlybytheexistingroadsystem.Abridgeisincludedaspartoftheprojectforthesecondaryroadcrossingneartheupperendofthereservoir.Ashortrelocationispro-videdinthevicinityoftheleftabutmentofthedam.Thebridgeisnowoutofserviceontheexistingsecondaryroadupstreamfromthedamsite.Becauseexistingaccesscanbemaintainedwithoutthisroad,itisassumedtobeaban-doned.Nootherrelocationrequirementsareapparent.2-9 g/277(gy)(/7/j//)/:,'(/'!1PLATE2-11Ii/XNIfl(//ICONSTRUCTBRIDGE/ORCULVERT)l05/1gtP!//'/I(ffJ//MAIUMUMWATERi(t,,I,EI/ELiPIPELINE~/j($/iOjil/jgly!'iRELOCATEROAD,goOi0rriigr~jg'~xLN~~"rfti'USQUEHANNASTUDYii)l((j,'k(4~n(/j'DLEWILDCREEK1/ce/(SCS38II)'."'""~.MŽ..WWW,.1li'iRESERVOIRPLAN/455 IIfI~<~NOh10X10TOTHEINCH+1XIOINCHESKEUFFEL0ESSEACO.VaOEW0EE46070310013012512011511010500506070 FaoCreekP-OD-10-1ThisprojectislocatedinTuscaroraTownshipinBradfordCounty.Thedamsiteisabout1.6milesdirectlynortheastoftheBoroughofLaceyville.TheextentofthereservoirandthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-13.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2"14.ThedrainageareaofFargoCreekabovethedamsiteis4.3squaremileswhichistoosmalltodevelopasubstantialnaturalyield.Forthisstudyitwasassumedthattheprojectyieldwasdevelopedbypump-ingfromtheSusquehannaRiverneartheconfluencewithTuscaroraCreek.Apipeline1.7mileslongwouldconnectthepumpstationwiththereservoir.Theconservationreleaseandpossiblypartoftheaugmentationreleasewouldbemadetothedownstreamchannel.Thecapacityofthischannel,however,wouldnotbeexceeded.Theremainderoftheaugmentationre-leasewouldbemadeviathepipelinetotheriver.Thissiterequiresalargerthanusualdamtodevelopthere-quiredstorage.Thereservoiriskongandnarrow.Landrequirementswouldnotbeextensive.Thelandappearstobepartfarmandpartsecondgrowthun-developedlands.Accessisprovidedbytheexistingsecondaryroadsystem.Abridgeattheupperendofthereservoirisincludedaspartoftheproject.Twoexistingtransmissionlinescrossingthereservoirswouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclearancerequiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Nootherrelocationsareapparent.2-10 Qo'IC7PLATE2-l$CONSTRUCTBRIDGE/ORCULVERTyr(~pMAXIMUMWATERLVIELIRAISEEXISTINGiCZ.'~ZZZI/rl/l'JJVQ))TRANSMISSIONLINEI?J',,MINIMUMWATERLEVEL5.ahPIPLINEE05CAI.ElNRRII.E5dRReTIPPETTS-ABBETT-McCARTHYSTRATTONRNOINllRSANDARCNIYRCYSNRWYORK.N.Z..All8AC~%Xhe%XPUAIPSTATION0":.':,(SUSQUEHANNASTUDY~FARGOCREEK~(P-OD-IO-I)RESERVOIRPL'AN.

10X10TOTHEINCH'X10INCHESH0ECiiKEUFFEL4ESSERCO.SttttIWttar~46070330020010010009008002030 LaninCreekSCS11-7ThisprojectwouldbelocatedinSheshequinandWysoxTown-ships,BradfordCounty.Thedamsiteis2.6milesnortheastoftheBorough~rofTowanda(westendofHighway6bridge).AplanofthereservoirandthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-15.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-16.ThedrainageareaofLaningCreekabovethedamsiteis10.6squaremilesandcoulddevelopanaugmentationyieldof10cfs.Theremainingrequirements(40cfs)wouldbedevelopedbypumpingfromtheSusquehannaRiver.ThepumpstationwouldbelocatedonthebankoppositetheVillageofNorthTowanda.Itwouldconnectbytunnel(1.4miles),tothereservoir.~Itisestimatedthatthedownstreamchannelcanconveythereleasesbacktotheriver.Analternativetothechannelwouldbethroughthetunnel.Thereservoirislongandnarrow.Thissitewouldrequiremorelandtakingsthantheothersites.Theaccessintheareawouldbe.maintainedovertheexistingnetworkofroads.Norelocationsofanykindareapparent.2>>11 PLATE2-IS/40(p//j)8nMMGMUMWATERLEVELX/31w!ZOO(I',/g!(,IxLW(n0II'gOO//,~'),I).//,','I,"I~e/c3,,/(ig(il)(((~~~~(/'(Q/1)i./MINIMUMWATERLEVEL/(.I'J!POnE(!iQk<.')/(~)(y.(((II,SUSQUEHANNASTUDYILCc,i"iOO'.:.>>'<;nisi>;it,X'Qnkii,LAMINGCREEK(SCS-li-7)n.~.nn.~.u<*imnemmj(//;;(RESERVOIRPLANj;(((/I,/'Ienn~~(I,/-~i~((BH835tSCAt.Ctttlitt.BB'.)tlTtPPETTS-ABBETT-McCARTHYSTRATTON~Itl/,I/5/(I(3'F59PUMPSTATION("I IOX10TOTHEINCH+7XIOINCHESH'5<<5KEUFFEI.0ESSERCO.woEwesL4607031412100110010501000950900850010203040506070 SalemCreekT-OD08-2A)ThissiteislocatedinSalemTownship,LuzerneCounty,threemileseast-northeastoftheCityofBerwick(northendofbridge).TheextentofthereservoirandthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-17.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-18.ThedrainageareaofSalemCreekabovethedamsiteof3,2squaremiles,lstoosmalltodevelopanysubstantialyield.ThisstudyassumesthattheaugmentationyieldisdevelopedbypumpingfromtheSusquehannaRiver.ThepumpstationwouldbelocatedatthemouthofSalemCreekandwouldconnecttothereservoirviaapipelineabout1.7mileslong.SaiemCreekbeiawthedarnhaaalimitedcapacity.Itisassumedthatmostoftheaugmentationreleaseswillbemadethroughthepipelinetotheriver.Releasesforconservationpurposesandpartoftheaugmentationneedsnotexceedingtheexistingcapacitywouldbemadetothedownstreamchannel.Thissiterequiresanextralargedamtoprovidetherequiredstorage.Thereservoirislong,narrowanddeep.Theareaismostlysecondgrowthundevelopedlandandlandtakingswouldnotbeextensive.Abridgeisprovidedforthesecondaryroadwhichcrossestheupperendofthereservoirarea.Thetransmissionlinewhichcrossestheupperendwouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclearancerequiredabovathemaximumreservoirlevel.Nootherrelocationsareapparent.2-12 (i10X10TOTHEIFICH+0XIOINCHES8+2~EKEUFFKI.aESSERCO.NaOaWata.46070340030020010009008007006500246101214161820 ibutartoNescoeckCreekP-35-1ThissiteisNescopeckTownship,LuzerneCountyabout4milessoutheastoftheBoroughofNescopeck(southendofbridge).TheextentofthereservoirandthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-19.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-20.Thedrainageareaofthestreamabovethedamsiteis2.2squaremilesandistoosmalltodevelopanysubstantialyield.ThisstudyassumesthattheentireyieldisdevelopedbypumpingfromtheNescopeckCreek.ThepumpstationislocatedattheconfluenceofthetributarytoNescopeckCreekandconnectstothereservoirbyapipeline0.75mileslong.Whenrefillingthereservoirduringthecriticalperiod,theflowinNescopeckCreekwouldnotbereducedbelowtheestimatedlongtermmedianflow.Becauseofthelimitedchannelcapacity,releasesexceptforcon-servationpurposeswouldbeviathepipelinetoNescopeckCreek.Twoalternativewaterconductorswereconsidered.Onewasa2.25milelongtunnelconnectingthereservoirtotheSusquehannaRiver.Thesecondwasapipeline,7.75mileslong,whichfollowsthealignmentofNescopeckCreektotheSusquehannaRiver.Thereservoirissmall,narrowanddeep.Theareaappearstobefarmandsecondgrowthundevelopedlands.LandrequirementsareIInotextensive.Amediumsizetransmissionlinewhichcrossesthereser-voirwouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclearancerequiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Apipelinecrbssingthereservoirareawouldberebuiltasanunderwaterpipeline.Nootherrelocationsareapparent.2-13

~~A~.,Itpr~~"~I-I~.>~8+..rArk~/I8rp~\"5873-cW~PockyI~.A9!II.'0c'Ilc,gPgPa~+y.~"-~~.'-'+Ifq~WW3PPW~~I:T-.-.---'I'L.a,~~Asoye//nI/r~I-8/+oIIII~I~~~c/..'I'/C~R0rCr1(~J,+a,(,~~PUNiPRTB.TIO",./.'cc/E/':NX;.,=,7C',~3/I/',CV.8~aC<ij~~/Cros~MGGGG~'!OgGG/'I~i~/gNII/'lI11IIIIIIllrO;rP.t!.".!V:P'!ERL-':.I=!-001OII~llIlOv':,'.I'pi~~~Ijrj~gr~.l...gmP--.~~~+'~II"'.-."~l)JgALT.PIPELINEq)SO'8I~Q/p"j'Ic~Cl(yPp~~~~~~AAXXzMi/j%~~~~=-===37EI0I/'IoppO87AO+-+//.3v/~'i/~~"8"~--0S"="QUEHANNASTUDY.3'M920O'~I200IIPPEEIE.ABBEIE.AIEARIHE-IIRAIIBII8+~:=-=--'~~/~~X/~g~-QP2g.ii//I.JJj==:.-Y~~'(TRIBUTARYTONESCOPECKCREEK'-(P-55-l)8:-BERVOIRPLAN/,,)~06ain':ucWMWWPWW~/,.

0 I.<I0X10TOTHEINCHo7XIOINCHES8+2twKEUFFEL0ESSERCO.tucCQ05*46070340030020010009008007001012141620'EFSPtlDIC)

PondCreekP-07-02ThissitewouldbelocatedinConynghamTownship,LuzerneCounty,onPondCreek,atributarytoLittleWapwallopenCreek.Thedam-siteisabout7.5mileseast-northeastfromtheCityofBerwick.Plate2-21showsthelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoir.Plate2-22isanarea-storagecurveforthereservoir.ThedrainageareaofPondCreekabovethedamsiteis9.6squaremiles.About16cfsofaugmentationQowcanbedevelopedfromthedrainagearea.Theremainingrequirementof34cfswouldbedevelopedbypumpingfromLittleWapwallopenCreekatitsconQuencewithPondCreek.Apipe-lineabout1/2-milelongwohldconnectthepumpstationtothereservoir.Conservationreleaseswouldbemadetothedownstreamchannel.Augmen-tationreleaseswouldbemadethroughthispipelinetoLittleWapwallopenCreek.PumpingfromLittleWapwallopenCreekwouldhavereduceditsflowduringthecriticalrefillingperiodattimestotheminimumrequiredforconservationpurposes.Itisestimatedthatpumpingwouldhavecausedthistooccuronlyinoneyearduringtheperiodofrecord.AialternativewouldbetolocatethepumpstationattheSusquehannaRiver.Thereservoirwouldbesmall,compactanddeep.Theareaappearstoconsistalmostentirelyofsecondgrowthundevelopedland.Theamountoflandneededforthereservoirwouldnotbelarge.Thesecondaryroadwhichcrossestheupperendofthereservoirwouldberelocatedinordertomaintaintheexistingaccessinthegeneralvicinity.Thetrans-missionlinesnearthedamsitewouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthentheminimumclearancerequiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Thepipelinethroughthereservoirareawouldberebuiltasanunderwatercrossing.2-14 I7~((0IlI$(t'IJ!r.'NCASEPIPELINEHJX)i'l~/';I',,AI~l)ygai(,~p~Q'(')'.i',:('(i->.TRAIVS'M.SSIONLINE~~;-,(":(t".INL>IUMWATER'LEVEL'i(~'I)C)((XOg<.-'//(PUI'8PSTATIONr~i-/.1;11P!PEIINE~r'jrr/~++>~/'(~~~LITTIEWAPWALLOPENCREEKSITEr'I(~IlIgl/il((lI,jri//r/~i.7/)/ll~-'0".r'.O((k,aSUSQUEHANNASTUDY~~~'.YR.XPONDCREEK(P-07-2)~'IOP'55CAI.CINIIIIE5~AS'///~~!TI'PETTS-ABBETTMcCARTHTSTRATTON~+'~INOINIIESANOAECNIIICIS~.~)I-l(~ID,'(~~~~rr(..."RESERVPIRPLANIi~0r/r I:oM10X10TOTHEINCH+FX10INCHESgo@SaKEUFFELAESSEIICO.luaull05A.4607034003002001000900800700600020304050QrtII ittleWawalloenreekCS-07-8AThissitewouldbepartlyinConyngham,DoranceandHo?len-backTownships,LuzerneCounty.Thedamsiteisabout8mileseast-north-eastoftheCityofBerwick.Plate2-23showsthelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoir.Anarea>>s'tnragecurveisshownonPiete2-24.ThedrainageareaofLittleWapwallopenCreekatthedamsiteis27squaremiles.Approximately54cfscanbedevelopedfromthenaturalflowforaugmentationreleases.Nopumpingwouldberequired.LittleWapwallopenCreekisclassifiedbythePennsylvaniaPishCommissionersagoodtroutstream.Therelease-refillpatternesti-matedforthedesigndroughtwouldreducethedownstreamflowattimestotheminimumrequiredforconservationpurposes.However,undernormalhydrologicconditionsanoperatingschedulecouldbeestablishedwhichwouldcomplementfishstocking.Itwouldconsistofthefollowing:l.Whenthereservoirisfull,releasealI,inflows.ThiswouldnormallycovertheperiodMarchthroughJune.2.InJulyandAugustmakeconservationandaugmentationreleasesasrequired.3.AfterAugustwhenitisapparentthathydrologicconditionsarenormal,makeallrequiredreleasesandmaintainaminimumdownstreamflowequaltothereservoirinfloworthemedianflowwhicheverisleast.Storeallinflowsinexcessofthemedianuntilthereservoirhascompletelyrefilled.Thissiterequiresanextralargedamtoprovidetherequiredstorage.Thereservoirareaappearstoconsistmostlyofsecondgrowthun-developedland.Realestateneedswouldnotbeextensive.Itisassumedthatthesecondaryroadwhichcrossesthereservoircanbeabandonedwithoutaffectingexistingtrafficpatternsinthearea.Thetransmissionlinealongtheleftrimofthereservoirwillberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantherequiredminimumclearanceabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Nootherrelocationneedsareapparent.2-15 j/~I"/Lk<..i%;-':J~:'I..~~~EC:'-~'AISEEXISTINGTMXSIvllSSIO!i-XE-~/>/Il/~//pIlPONDCREEKSITE~>;"'>'(IInzl/~XZr-//Glz--A..jiIpw(>I//rI'l/IT(/I~(0I~I/~)aIr.-~A/'~~:=~I~fivIIMUA.WATERLEYEE'(ji'J-!.l.II(,('yOY/<g';.MINIMUMIII/~.~2<.(//'WATERLEVELMr,)r'l"I>I.~A//--vl~.~)il<</II/f:"/-.g/I/t,),/(/y/'i)'-jIIt((',1,Il~Lr/~)/(jI)!//g/p/'.+-/,//'/.'uncilCup(g//ML$~l.~(I)>r/r,,~II,/II,o..I>((TI--~pPII///II>r>/I/tI/rgy//rl.i((.'USQUEHANNASTUDY'jlI'.'+f(~8//.'///5//:'./bF'ITTLEWAPWALLOFEN0REEK'.~c',//"RESERVOIRPLAN'j'~A~~~C~"/i~~..-./JI/"/I(5CALKINMILE5"wMr~II.//'~~'lT'"Pi.---//;<I~-"TIPPETTSASBETTMc(ARTHYSTRATTON+i~~~/g///(((I(pr(((A(lit>((H(li.((./I~~+iJ/NIWZOEKNyI(~+aŽT./5~~~~Nlg,//>!/~\~.I~4/'~w.-PJ~~A-H-\,III--~t/,.-//(/~~~i-=-~~.~/C~~l~II~-i

10X'l0TOTHEINCH+'IXIOINCHES8+5~EKEUFFELOESSERCO.NNXSeaaa.460703800600400200090080070065010.203040Sa PondHillPOD-07-1ThisprojectwouldbelocatedinConyngham;Township,LuzerneCounty,onasmalltributarytotheSusquehannaRiverneartheVillageofPondHill.ThedamsitewouldbeaboutonemilesoutheastoftheVillageofMocanaqua.ThelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoirisshownonPlate2-25.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-26.Thedrainageareaofthestreamupstreamofthedamsiteis1.2squaremiles.Astheflowfromthisdrainageareaisnegligible,theyieldfortheprojectwouldbedevelopedbypumpingfromtheSusquehannaRiver.Thepumpstationwouldbelocatedabout0.8milessouthoftheVillageofMocanaqua.Apipeline0.50milelongwouldconnectthepumpstationwiththeReservoir.Analternativetothepipelinewouldbeatunnelapproxi-matelythesamelength.Theproposedprojectisbasedondeveloping13,500acre-feetofstoragewhichwouldyield50cfsofaugmentationflow.Themaximumstoragecapacityofthesiteaslimitedbytopographyisabout25,000acre-feetwhichcouldyieldabout100cfsforaugmentationpurposes.Thereservoirwouldbesmallandcompact.Theareaappearstobesecondgrowthundevelopedwoodlands.Right-of-waysneedsarenotex-tensive.Thereareapparentlynoroadsorutilitieswithinthereservoirrequir-ingrelocations.2-16

"':-'>~""'t'"/'7'E'lfi(((Ii(('//'/II/<Age&~'",/::Pg//g<~c/g4..t,'ff((//(('/II,~.Igl(II'($)l1r'///lj!lj//~'ii/gpss~,/i///(/I14/BLN30(,/(]IIIiliIi-hi)jf,!ig///i11g/4~~~~I~l4~I~I'I~ii~(II(('INTMUMWATERLEVEZ,l<<00c~IJ4~~MNGMUMWATERLEVEL~/~a,I44I+paMcV;,4~~~~~(.'(4!Ii/i)r~lICALKNLITLKS~.4r/111>t11o))oAe+4/IIIIIIIIIII/IIII//~4SUSQUEHANNASTUDYePONDHlLL(P-OD-O7-I)RESERVOIRPLAN'AkA":~~"(cKTFPOTSAddETT-McCARTHY-STRATTONENOINKIRSANOARCNlTCCT5g4rA'"LUH'41M((o3////E/../5<

r"~r-~IIIIi10X'10TOTHEINCH~7X10INCHES~EKEUFFEI.0ESSERCO.S~aSSa460703400300200100010090080075001020304050 TributatoSouthBranchNewortCreekPOD-07-3ThisprojectwouldbelocatedinNewportTownship,LuzerneCounty,about2.7milessouth-southwestoftheCitYofNanticoke.ThelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoirisshownonPlate2-27.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-28.Thedrainageareaofthestreamabovethedamis1.1squaremiles.Therunofffromthisareaisnegligible.PumpingfromtheSusque-hannaRiverwouldbenecessarytodeveloptherequiredyield.ThepumpstationwouldbelocatedontheSusquehannaRivernearthemouthofNewportCreek.Apipelinefourmileslong,followingthestreamalign-mentwouldconnectthereservoirwiththepumpstation.Normallyreleases,exceptforconservationneeds,wouldbemadethroughthepipelinetotheriver.Theproposedsitenowcontains:asmallwatersupplyreservoir.Itisadjacenttoanareawherebothsurfaceanddeepcoalmininghastakenplace.Thesurfaceminingextendsrightuptothedam-site.Theextentoftheundergroundminingisnotknown.Thedamsiteislocatedoveranexistingwaterfallapproximately25feethigh.Anextralargedamisrequiredatthissitetodeveloptheneededstorage.Alsotherearetwolowareasnearthemaximumwaterlevelwhereweatheringoftheexistingridgemighthavetakenplace.FurtherinvestigationofthegeologyofthisareaisneededtoestablishthetechnicalsuitabilitYofthissite.Aboringprogramwillbeneededtoestablishtheextentofthedeepmining,waterhighnessofthereservoir,thedepthofweatheringinthelowridgesandthedegreeoffoundationtreatmentwhichmightberequired.Thereservoirareaiscompletelyundevelopedexceptforthesmallwatersupply'reservoir.Landrequirementsaresmall.Noreloca-tionneedsareapparent.2-17

10X10TOTHEINCH+7XIOINCHES8+5iEKEUFFEIdrESSERCO.wotlaetA'60703rai40030020010001100100090095001020304050 CostConstructionCostAnestimateoftheprofectcostwaspreparedforeachofthereservoirs.ThecostforeachsitearecomparedonPlate2-29.Theestimatesarebasedontheprofectlayoutsdescribedabove.Ingeneral,quantitytake-offsweremadeforthelargeconstructionitems(includinglandsandrelocations)andextendedwithappropriateunitprices.Thecostforthesmalleritemswhichcouldnotbereadilyestimatedwasincludedintheunitprices.TheunitpricesreflectrecentexperiencewithsimilartypesofprofectswithinthenortheasternregionoftheUnitedStates.Thefollowingallowanceswereaddedtoobtainprofectcost:AnnualCostContingenciesEngineering,legalandothercostsincurredbytheownerInterestduringconstruction2S%10/oTheannualcostofoperation,maintenanceandamortizationoftheprofectcostwerecomputedforeachreservoir.ThesecostsarecomparedinPlate2-29ThefactorsusedinestimatingthesecostsareoutlfnedinFigure1.ThemethodusedfortheestimateissimilartothatgivenintheFederal'owerCommission'spublication"HydroelectricPowerEvaluation,SupplementNo.1."VariableoperationandmaintenancecostsforpumpingstationswerebasedonthefollowingdatawhichissimilartodataforhydroelectricplantsgivenintheFPCpublication(Table37).Thatdatahasbeenincreasedby50%toreflectpriceincreases.2-18 FIGURE1ANNUALCOSTFACTORSItemLandandRelocationsCostofMoney)Depreciation)Operation,Maintenance,Insurance)Taxes(LocalandFederal))AnnualRateasaPercentofInitialCost17S~/CivilWorksCostofMoneyDepreciationInsuranceandInterimReplacementsOperationandMaintenance~Taxes(LocalandFederal)')))))))17.S%PumStationCostofMoneyDepreciationInsuranceandInterimReplacementTaxes(LocalandFederal)OperationandMaintenancePowerCost17.5/oVariableVairable InstalledCapacityilowattsAnnualExpensesExcludingEnergyCostsforOperationDollarserkilowattofinstalledcaacit25005000750010000150002000014.7011F807'0F504.203.80Theannualpowercostforeachpump-inreservoirwasbasedonoperatingthepumpstation,":arrtheaverage,onemontheachyear.In-cludedinthisaverageisthepumpingnecessarytorefillthereservoireachyear,andanallowanceforscheduledoperationformaintenancepurposes.Anaverageenergycostof$0.025perkilowatthourwasassumed.2-19 SusuehannaReservoirStudSummaofCostsProectCostGravesPondCreekP-OD-09-1LittleMeshoppenCreekT<<10-10ARileyCreekSCS-10-17AIdlewildButlerCreekCreekFargoCreekP-OD-10-1LaningCreekLandandLandRights$1,060,000$1,240,000$1,680,000$2,300,000$840,000$9/0,000$1,3S0,000RelocationsDamSpillwayServiceOutletPumpstation800,0008,422,0002,054,0002,600,0003,200,000Miseellaneous1800000Tunneland/orPipeline1,6S0,0002,350,00016000002,430,0001800000990,0001,220,0004,375,0004,138,0004,042,0004,183,0001,800,0001,950,0002,700,0002,800,000430,0006,240,0004,440,0002,030,0002,000,0003,070,000600000250,0008,440,0004,240,0002,030,0002,000,0001,360,00070920,00014,175,0003,640,0001,800,0003,100,0002,190,000100,0008,111,0004,798,0002,500,0002,200,0005,250,000SubtotalContingencies,etc.21,586,000lo51400019,097,000950300020,200,00022,110,00020,87n,ooo29,095,00026,539,000-000000Total$32,100,000$28,600,000$30,300,000$32,200,000$31,300,000$43,700,000$39,900,000AnnualCostTotalPumping$5,750,000$4,960,000$5,390,000$5,870,000$5,560,000$72,000$57,000$40,000$36,000$32,000$7,77o,ooo$7,o8o,ooo$70,000$36,000Ql0I SusuehannaReservoirStudSummaofCostPro'ectCostSalemCreek(T-OD-08-2A)TributarytoNescopeckCreekP-35-1PondCreekP-07-2LittleWapwallopenCreekPondHilli-TributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreekP-OD-07-3LandandLandRightsRelocationsDamSpillwayServiceOutletPumpstationTunneland/orPipelineMiscellaneousSubtotalContingencies,etc.750,000560,0001,600,000500,00016,350,00011,860,00014,820,00010,427,0005,631,0001,500,0002,650,0002,250,0003,200,0002,190,0002,460,0005,339,0003,150,0003,250,0002,700,0002,000,0001,310,000910,000264000020000002400000194000050,0008,955,0002,920,0002,700,0003,200,0001,130,000190000031,090,00024,890,00030,989,00021,028,00022,015,000155100001241000015,111,00010,072,00010985000$1,060,000$850,000$'70,000$1,030,000$1,160,000$680,00050,00014,417,0003,146,0002,250,0004,000,0003,950,000260000031,093,00015607000Total$45,600,000$37,300i000$46,100,000$31,100,000$33,000,000$46,700,000AnnualCostTotalPumping$8,280,000$6,590,000$8,180,000$5,450,000$5,920,000$8,210,000$76,000$528000$46,000$--$72,000$112,000 CHAPTER3TABLEOFCONTENTSIntroductionGravesPondCreekLittleMeshoppenCreekRileyCreekButleiCreekIdlewQdCreekFargo'-CreekLaningCreekSalemCreekTributary,NescopeckCreekPondCreekLittleWapwallopenCreekPondHillTributarytoSouthBranch,NewportCreekListofReferencesPacae3-13-33-53~73-93-113-133-153-173-193>>213-233-243-253-29 CHAPTER3'ISTOFTABLESTab1e3-1WaterQualityofPumpingSourceUpperSusquehannaSitesPacae3~273-2WaterQualityofPumpingSourceLowerSusquehannaSites3-28 Chapter3ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTIntroductionThisenvironmentalassessmentofthirteenpotentialreservoirsitesintheSusquehannaRiverBasinispartofascreeningprocesstoidentifyaprimarysitewhichwillbestudiedindetailpriortotheQnalselectionofasitefordevelopment.Assuch,thisassessmentisnecessarilylimitedinitsscope,anddoesnotattempttotreatanyparticularenvironmentalfactorindetail.Rather,onlythoseareasassociatedwithreservoirdevelopmentwhichwerefelttobeofparticularimportanceortohavepotentiallysigniQcantim-pactswereidentifiedandbrieflyanalyzed.Eachsitewasanalyzedaccordingtoelevenfactors:numberofresidentialunitswithinthesite;amountofresidentialdevelopmentbelowtheproposeddamsite;amountandtypeofagriculturalactivityaffected;agricul-turalcapabilityclassiQcationofsoilswithinsite;lengthofstreaminundated;qualityoftheaffectedstream'sQshery;waterqualityofthereservoir'swatersource(thiswilldirectlyaffectthereservoir'spotentialwaterquality);poten-tialimpactonpumpingsource(withparticularemphasisonproportionoftotalQowtobepumpedandfisheryquality);aqualitativejudgmentofthewQdlifehabitatwithinthesiterelativetotheothersitesstudied;lengthandtypeofwaterconduit(i.e.pipelineortunnel)andcharacterofareawhichwouldbetraversedbyapipeline;andareaexposedbymaximumdrawdown(thisisdirectlyrelatedtothesizeandshapeofthereservoir).InordertopreserveconQdentiality,thedataonwhichthisanaly-siswasbasedwaslimitedtothatcontainedineasilyobtainablepublicdo-cuments.Alistofdocumentsconsultedispresentedinthelistofreferencesfollowingthischapter.Inadditiontoaliteraturereview,atwo-dayrecon-naissancewasmadeofthe13sitesinlateNovember,1976toassessthegeneralcharacterofeachsite.Twomajorassumptionsweremadetofacilitatetheevaluationofthesitesconsidered:a)BecauseofthedifQcultiesinvolvedinaccuratelyestimatingtotallandrequirementsforeachsiteatthisstageofstudy,asitewasdeQned3-1 asthatareaboundedbythetopographiccontourattheelevationofthetopofthedam.Inallcasesthiselevationisfivefeetabovemaximumwaterlevel.TheelevationsusedareshownonTable2-2..Itiswithinthisarea-thattheanalysisofsuchthingsasresidentialrelocationsandlanduseisfocused.AplanofeachreservoirshowingtheextentofthemaximumwaterlevelisgiveninChapter2.b)Constructionimpactswereassumedtobeessentiallysimilarforeachsite,withtheexceptionofthewaterconduitroutewhichistreatedseparatelyforeachsite.Thefollowingdescriptivesiteanalysespresentabriefdiscussion.ofeachsite'ssuitabilityforreservoirdevelopment.3"2 GRAVESPONDLandUseandDeveloment.TheGravesPondsiteislocatedintheextremenorthwestcornerofWyomingCounty.ThesiteissimQarinitslandusemixtothecountyasawhole,withapproximately30%ofthesiteareadevotedtoagriculturaluseandtheremainderwooded.Theagriculturalactivityislocatedintheupperportionofthesite,andismainlycropland.ThegeneralizedagriculturalcapabilityclassificationforthecultivatedareaisClassIII,whichisthipredomi'nantclassificationforthissectionofthecounty.Theprojectwilldirectlyaffectatotalofapproximately300acres,with90acresofagriculturallandand210acresofforestareaimpacted.GravesPondwouldaffectthegreatestamountofactiveagriculturallandofanysitestudied.Theonlyresidentialdevelopmentinthesiteislocatedalongalocalroadwhichskirtsthenorthernedgeofthesite.Threeorfourresidentialrelocationsmayberequired.Thereareapproximately5-8residenceslocatedbelowtheproposeddamsite.Mostofthesehomesareoveramileawayandthedamwillprobablynotbevisibletotheirinhabitants.NaturalResourcesGravesPondCreekisaverysmallstreamwhichprobablyQowsintermittentlyduringdryperiods.ThestreamisnotstockedorlistedasafisherybythePennsylvaniaPishCommissionApproximately1.5miles,or50%ofthetotallengthofthestreamwillbeinundated.Inthattherearenoobviouspollutionsourcesinthedrainagebasin,itisassumedthattheexistingwaterqualityofthestreamisgood,withtheexceptionofsomepos-siblepollutionfromfarmrunoff.AllofthewaterforthissitewillbepumpedfromtheSusque-hannaRiver.AccordingtothePennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalResources,watersamplestakenfromthissectionoftheRiverconsistently3-3 containexcessesoftotaldissolvedsolidsandiron,andtheoneobservationavaQableshowsaveryhightotalcoliformlevel.Basedonthisinformationthewaterqualityoftheriverinthisareacouldbetermedfairtogood(seeTable3-1).Pumpingatthissitewillneverexceed7%oftheQowintheSusquehanna,andatmosttimesitwealbemuchlessthanthis.Wildlifehabitatatthissiteisofaboutaveragequalitywhencomparedwiththeothersitessurveyed.OtherFactorsThewaterwillbepumpedfromtheriverthroughatunnel;thus,theimpactsofconstructingthewaterconduitwillberelativelyminor.DrawdownatGravesPondisaboutaverageforthesitesstudied,with180acresofthetotalinundatedareaexposedinamaximumyear.3<<4 LITTLEMESHOPPENCREEK'~~LLandUseandDevelomentLittleMeshoppenCreekislocatedinnorthwesternWyomingCountyandextendsintosouthwesternSusquehannaCounty.ThesiteisinamixedagriculturalandwoodedareasimilartoGravesPond,withapprox-imately40-50%ofthewatersheddevotedtoactiveagriculturaluse.Thesiteitself,however,ismuchmorewoodedincharacter,withonlyabout5%ofthesiteundercultivation.Thesiteisinalongandnarrowvalley,whichfollowsthecreekforapproximately2.5miles.Thevalleyfloorismixedwoodlandandoldfieldswithvalleywallsmainlywooded.Approximately370acresoflandwouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisprojectand,ofthis,onlyanestimated20acresisunderactivecultivation.Thelandwithinthesiteispredominantly(80%)ClassIV-VIIIagriculturalcapability,whichisconsideredlandofpoorproductivity.Thereis,however,asmallsection(20%)oftheupperendofthesitewhichisratedClassIIandIII.Residentialactivitywithinthesiteislimited,withapproxi-mately4-5homesscatteredthroughthesite.Mostofthesehomesappeartobeformerfarmhouseswhicharenowusedasruralnon-farmresidences.Thereisasignificantamountof.residentialdevelopmentbelowthedam,with3-4homeswithinsightofthestructureandtheBoroughofMeshoppenabout1.5milesdownstream.NaturalResourcesLittleMeshoppenCreekisamediumtosmallstreamwhichisapproximatelyninemileslongandincludesthreesmallpondsintheupperhalfofitsreach.Approximately2.75milesofthestreamwouldbeinundated,butnoneofthethreepondswouldbeaffectedbytheproject.Thestreamwasstockedwithbrookandbrowntroutduringthemiddlefifties,butwaslaststockedin1958.Duringtheperiodinwhichitwasstocked,17,550fingerlingtroutwereplacedinthestream.Severalbeaverpondswereobservedalongthestreamduringthesitereconnaissance.3-5 ThequalityofthewaterinL'ittleMeshoppenCreekisassumedtobegoodduetothelackofpollutionsourcesotherthanagricultureinitswatershed.Approximately80%ofthewaterinthisreservoirwouldbepumpedinfromMeshoppenCreeknearitsconQuencewiththeSusquehannaRiver.Althoughstockingtakesplaceapproximatelyonemileupstreamfromthecon-QuenceoftheCreekandtheRiver,thissectionofMeshoppenCreekisnotstocked,andtheCreek'sQowwouldnotnormallybereducedbelowthelong-termmedianQow.*WaterqualityinMeshoppenCreekatthispointisassumedtobegood,duetothefactthattroutarestockedintheareadirect-lyabovethepumpingpoint.Themixedcharacterofthissite'swildlifehabitat,includingthepresenceofbeaver,resultsinitsbeingclassedashavingsomewhataboveaveragewildlifehabitatrelativetothesitesreviewed.OtherFactorsThepump-inwaterconduitforthisprojectrunstothecon-QuenceofMeshoppenCreekandtheSusquehanna,andisapproximately1.8mileslong.ItwouldgothroughtheBoroughofMeshoppen,andmaycausesomedisruptiontotheareaduringconstruction.Drawdownatthissitewouldexposeagreaterthanaverageareaincomparisontotheothersitesstudied.Approximately210acreswouldbeexposedfnamaximumyear.*ConversationsbetweenPP&LandthePennsylvaniaFishCommissionindi-catethattheFishCommissionbelievesitdesirablenottoreduceflowsindesignatedtroutfishingstreamsbelowthenaturallong-termmedianQow.

RILEYCREEKLandUseandDeveloment'ileyCreekislongandnarrow,surroundedbymixedagricultureandwoodedareas,.withmostofthesiteitselfeitherwoodedorabandonedagriculturalland.Approximatelyfivepercentor25acresofthesite's465-acre,direct-impactareaiscurrentlyundercultivation.Thesoilsin'thesiteareaareabouttenpercentAgriculturalCapabilityClassIIandIII,andninetypercentClassIV-VIII.Residentialdevelopmentinthesiteislimited,withthreetofourhomeswhichmaybedirectlyaffected.Developmentbelowthedamisalsolimited,withonlyscatteredresidencesbetweenthereservoirsiteandtheBoroughofMeshoppenapproximatelyfivemilesdownstream.NaturalResourcesRileyCreekisasmallstream,approximatelyeightmilesinlength,whichjoinswiththeWestBranchoftheMeshoppenCreekabout1.5milesbelowtheproposeddamsite.Approximately2.5mQesofRileyCreekwouldbeinundatedbythisproject.RileyCreekwasanapprovedtroutstreamandwasstockedfrom1932to1954,whenitwasremovedfromtheapprovedlistafterpublicaccessbecamedifficultbecauseofposting.Thereiseveryreasontobelieve,however,thatthestreamremainsofgoodqualityandmaysupportsometrout.Thisisparticularlytruegiventhecontinuedstock-ingoftheWestBranchofMeshoppenCreek.ThewaterqualityofbothRileyCreekandMeshoppenCreek(whichwouldserveasthepumpingsource),isprobablygood.AlthoughnorecentdataonthewaterqualityofRileyCreekisavailable,thereisnoreasontobelieveithaschangedfortheworsesincetheyearswhenitwasstocked.MeshoppenCreekiscurrentlystockedwithtroutinthestretchfromwhichwaterwouldbepumped.Itisratedasamediumquality,coldwaterfisherybythePennsylvaniaFishCommission.Approximately,65per-centofthewaterrequiredforfillingthereservoirwillbepumpedfrom3-7

l1~~LoMeshoppenCreek;however,pumpingwouldnotlowerthecreekbelowitslang-termmedianQow.WildlifehabitatatRileyCreekisratedasaboveaveragequalityforthesitesunderconsiderationduetothe.factthatmuchofthesiteisuncultivatedbottomlandwhichprovidesaverydiversehabitatwhenassociatedwiththewoodedhills.Arelatedfactoristheinclusionofapproxi-mately50percentofthelandwithinandsurroundingthesiteinthePennsyl>>vaniaGameCommissionFarm-GameCooperativeProgram.Thepump-inwaterconduitforthisprojectwillbeapipelinerunningapproximatelytwomilestoMeshoppenCreekjustbelowthemouthoftheWestBranchofMeshoppenCreek.Theareatraversedislargelywoodedwithscatteredresidentialdevelopment.Etmaybepossibletofollowtheright-of-wayofalocalroadformostofthisdistance.DrawdownatRileyCreekwouldexposeapproximately225acresinamaximumyear.Thisisanaboveaverageamountofdrawdownexposureascomparedtotheothersitesinvestigated.;I3-8 LandUseandDevelomentBUTLERCREEKButlerCreekislocatedinthesoutheasternquadrantofSusquehannaCounty.Thissectionofthecountyispredominantlywooded,withsomeagriculturallandscatteredthroughoutthearea.SusquehannaCountyasawholeisapproximately53%forestand39%agriculturalland.Thissitecontainsapproximately20%activeagriculturallandwiththeremainderuncultivatedbottomlandorwoodedhills.Developmentofthissitewoulddirectlyaffectapproximately450acresofland,includingabout90acresofactiveagriculturalland.Theagriculturalcapabilityratingofthelandinthesiteisestimatedtobeabout50%ClassIV-VIIIland,withtheremaininglandapproximately25%ClassIIIand25%ClassII.Approximatelyfourresidencesinthesitewouldbeaffectedbythisprofect.Downstreamdevelopmentislimitedwithonlyafewhomesscatteredalongthevalleybelowthedam.NaturalResourcesButlerCreekisatributarytoNinePartnersCreek,whichinturnfeedsintoTunkhannockCreek.ButlerCreekisclassedasamediumquality,coldwaterfishery,anduntillastyearwasstockedwithbrownandbrooktrout.Itwasdeletedfromtheapprovedtroutstockinglistin1976duetoposting.Approximatelytwomilesor20%ofthetotallengthofButlerCreekwouldbelostbythedevelopmentofthissite.Approximately46%ofthetotalwaterrequiredforfillingthissitewouldcomefromnaturalrunoff,andtheremainderwouldbepumpedfromTunkhannockCreeknearthemouthofNinePartnersCreek.WaterqualityinTunkhannockCreek(seeTable3-1)isgood.PumpingfromTunkhan-nockCreekwould,atcertaintimes,withdrawalloftheflowinthecreekex-ceptforaconservationQowof0.15cfspersquaremileofthecreek'sdrain-agearea.TunkhannockCreekisratedasahighqualitytroutstreamandisstockedbythePennsylvaniaPishCommission.ThewildlifehabitatwasratedasbeingofaveragequalityandabundanceattheButlerCreeksiterelativetoothersitesstudied.3-9 OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothesitethrougha2.75-milepipe-linefromTunkhannockCreek.Thispipelinecouldfollowexistingroadrights-of-wayformostofitslength,butitmayberequiredtopassthroughanareaofwetlandswhichhavebeenidentifiedassuitableforpreservationbytheComprehensiveWaterQualityManagementP!anforthisareaNuchart-Horn,Inc.).DrawdownintheButlerCreeksitewouldexposealargerthan,averageareaforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately225acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-10 LandUseandDevelomentIDLEWILDCREEKIdlewildCreekislocatedapproximatelyfivemilessoutheastofButlerCreekinSusquehannaCounty.Thesiteissurroundedbyamixtureofagriculturalandforestedareas,butthesiteitselfisapproximately90-95%forestoroldfields.Thisprojectwoulddirectlyaffectatotalofapproximately330acres,withlessthan30acresofactiveagriculturallandimpacted.Thegeneralizedagriculturalcapabilityclassificationfor;thesiteareaisabout20%ClassII,40%ClassIII,and40%ClassIV-VII.Thereareonlytwotothreehouseswithinthesite,andthereisnodevelopmentalongthethree-quartermileofstreambetweenthedamandtheEastBranchofTunkhannockCreek.Thereis,however,scattereddevelopmentalongthissectionoftheEastBranch.NaturalResourcesIdlewildCreekisasmallstreamwhichisnotcurrentlystockedduetoitssmallsize(Pa.FishCommission,1977).Itwas,however,stockedwithfingerlingtroutonatleasttwooccasions;oncein1938with1750browntrout,and.oncein1952with600brooktrout.Developmentofthisprojectwouldresultinthelossofapproxi-mately2milesor50%ofIdlewildCreek.IdlewildLake,whichfeedsIdlewildCreek,wouldnotbeaffectedbythissite'sdevelopment.WaterforthissitewillbepumpedfromtheEastBranchofTunkhannockCreek.TheEastBranchisamediumqualitycoldwatertroutstreamwhichiscurrentlystocked,(Pa.FishCommission,1977).Approxi-mately82%oftherequiredwaterwouldbepumpedfromtheEastBranch,andandinaworstcaseconditionthiswouldresultinthewithdrawalofallthestream'sQow,exceptaconservationQowof0.15cfspersquaremileofdrainageareaoftheEastBranch.ThewaterqualityinIdlewildCreekisnotknown;however,theremaybesomepollutionproblemscausedbydevelop-mentaroundLakeIdlewild.AvailableliteraturementionsapollutionproblemintheEastBranch,butthelocation,severityorcauseofthisproblemisnotknownatthistime(Buchart-Horn,Inc.).3-11 WildlifehabitatalongIdlewildCreekisaboutaverageforthesitesconsidered.OtherFactorsThewaterconduitforthissiteisapipelinewhichisveryshort(0.75mile),andcouldfollowtherightof-wayoftheeixstinglocalroadinthevalley.DrawdownatIdlewildCreekwouldbeaboutaverageforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately185acresoftheinundatedareaexposedinamaxi-mumyear.3-12 FARGOCREEKFargoCreekislocatedinsoutheasternBradfordCountyandislongandnarrow,withamixtureofagriculturallandandwoodlandssurroundingthesite.Landuseinthesiteitselfisabout15%activeagriculture,whichisconcentratedattheupperendofthesite,andtheremaindereitheroldfieldsorforest.TheupperendofthesiteisratedasClassIIIAgriculturalCapa-bility,andthelowerportionisratedasClassIV-VIII.Atotalofapproximately330acreswouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisproject,includingabout35acresofactiveagriculturalland,and295acresofnon-agriculturalland.Residentialdevelopmentinthesiteisfairlyactive,withapprox-imatelysevenhomesnowpresent,andseverallotsforsale.Downstreamofthedam,thereareseveralscatteredresidenceswiththevillageofSkinnersEddyapproximately1.5milesbelowthesite.Inall,thereareprobablynomorethan20homesbelowthereservoir,withonlytwoorthreewithinsightofthedam.NaturalResourcesFargoCreek,atributarytoTuscaroraCreek,isapproximatelysevenmileslong,andiscurrentlyconsideredtoosmallforstockingbythePennsylvaniaFishCommission,(Pa.FishCommission,1977).Thestreamwasstockedwithfingerlingbrooktroutintheyears1953-1956,anditispossiblethattroutcontinuetoinhabitthecreek.Approximately2.0milesofFargoCreekwouldbeinundatedbythisproject.AllofthewaterforthisprojectwouldbeobtainedfromtheSusquehanna;thewaterqualityoftheriverinthisareaisconsidere'dfairtogood,withhighironandtotaldissolvedsolidslevelsduringcer-tainperiods,andtheoneobservationavailableshowingahightotalcoliformcount(seeTable3-1).PumpingatthissitewillneverexceedsevenpercentoftheflowintheSusquehanna,andatmosttimesitwillbemuchless.3-13 OtherFactorsThewaterconduitforFargoCreekwouldbeapipelinetotheISusquehanna.Thispipelinecouldfollowtheexistingroadright-of-wayforapproximatelytwomilestotheriver.DrawdownatFargoCreekwouldbeaboveaverageforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately220acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-14 LANINGCREEKLandUseandDevelomentLaningCreekislocatedincentralBradfordCounty,inanareaofmixedfarmingandwoodlands.BradfordCountyisdividedalmostequallybetweenwoodlandandagriculturalland,with48%ofthelandareadevotedtoforestand47%toagriculture.Thissiteislocatedinalong,narrowvalley,andassuchispredominantlywoodlandsandoldfields,withonly10%ofitssurfaceareausedforactiveagriculturalcultivation.ThesoilsinthesitearepredominantlyratedClassIV-VIIIwiththeareasurroundingthesiteratedasClassIIIland.Thesitewoulddirectlyaffectapproximately330acres,orabout35acresofactiveagriculturalland.Residentialdevelopmentinthesiteissomewhatmoreextensivethanmostsites,withapproximately8-10homeswhichmaybedirectlyaf-fectedbytheproject.Severalofthehomesarenew,andthereisfairlyex-tensivedevelopmentbelowthedam.NaturalResourcesLaningCreek,whichisalsoknownasLittleWysoxCreek,isasmall,unstockedstreamofapproximately10mileslength.Theprojectwouldinundate2.5milesofthestream.Becausetherearenoapparentpol-lutionsources,thewaterqualityofthestreamisassumedtobegood,withsomeagriculturalrunoffpossible.Approximately80%ofthewaterrequiredforthissitewouldbepumpedfromtheSusquehannaRiver.TheSusquehannaatTowandahaswaterqualityproblemssimQar,tothosefounddownstreamnearGravesPondandFargoCreek.Ironandtotaldissolvedsolidslevelsareconsistentlyhigh,andtheoneobservationavailableshowsahightotalcoliformcount(seeTable3-1).Pumpingatthissitewouldneverexceed50cfs,orapproxi-matelysevenpercentofthetotalQowintheriver.WildlifehabitatatLaningCreekwasratedassomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudiedwithabundantdeerhabitatandseveralbeaverdamsobserved.3-15 OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothisprojectthroughatunnel,andthuswaterconduitconstructionimpactswouldbelimited.Agreaterthanaverageareaforthesitesstudied(2SOacres)wouldbeexposedduringmaximumdrawdownatthissite.3-16 SALEMCREEKLandUseandDevelomentSalemCreekislocatedneartheLuzerne-ColumbiaCountyline,inanareathatisamixtureofheavyforests,scatteredagricultureandrela-.tivelyextensiveurbandevelopment.Thewestsideofthesiteisanactiveagriculturalarea,withpeachandappleorchardsextendingdownintothesite.Thesiteitselfislessthan10%agriculturalland,however,withtheremainderheavilywooded.ThelandinthesiteispredominantlyClassIV-VIIIagriculturalland,withClassIIandIIIlandonthesiteperi-meter.Approximately275acreswouldbeaffectedbythisproject,orabout250acresofwoodlandandlessthan30acresofactiveagriculturalland.Sixtoeightresidencesinthesitewouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisproject.Thereisalsoextensivenewresidentialdevelopmentinanareaapproximatelyonemiledownstreamfromthedam.Theonlysignificantpublicrecreationresourceinthesitevici-nityistheStateGameLandimmediatelynortheastofthesite.NaturalResourcesSalemCreekisasmallstreamofaboutfourmileslengthwhichrunsfromLeeMountaintotheSusquehanna.Becausetherearenoapparentpollutionsources,itisprobablyofgoodquality.Itwasstockedinthelate1950'swithfingerlingbrooktrout,butwasdeletedfromtheapprovedlistin1961duetoitssmallsize.Approximatelytwomiles,or50%ofthestreamwouldbeinundatedbythisaction.AllofthewaterrequiredforthisprojectwouldbeobtainedfromtheSusquehanna.AccordingtothePennsylvaniaDepartmentof'EnvironmentalResources,theSusquehannaRiveratthis'ointsuffersfromdepressedwaterquality;withseveralparametersshowingunacceptablelevelsduringcertainperiods(seeTable3-2).ThevolumeofwaterpumpedforsitesinthisareawouldhavelittleeffectontheQowoftheriver,aslessthansevenpercentoftheQowwouldberemovedinaworst-casesituation.WildlifehabitatatSalemCreekisratedasaveragerelativetothesitesstudied.3-17 OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothereservoirthrougha1.7-milepipelinewhichwouldrunparalleltoSalemCreektotheSusquehanna.Con-structionimpactsofthepipelinewouldbelowifitfollowsthepresentlyexistingroadright-of-wayfromthedamtotheriver.DrawdownatSalemCreekwouldbeaboutaverageforthesitesstudiedwith180acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-18

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PumpingfromtheNescopeckwouldresultinthecreekbeingre-ducedtoits-long-termmedianflowduringcertainperiods.Wildlifehabitatatthissiteisaboutaverageforthesitessur-veyed.However,muchoftheareaispostedasbeingownedorleasedbyanorganizationcalledWhitetaQEnterprises..OthersectionsofthesitearepostedbytheTri-TownshipRodandGunClub.Thiswouldindicatethatal-thoughtheactualsiteitselfmaynothavewildlifehabitatofspecialsigni-ficance,itsproximitytotheheavilywoodedNescopeckMountainoffersgoodaccessfordeerhunting.OtherFactorsThepump-inpipelinecouldrunalongtheexistingroadright-of-wayfromtheNescopeckforapproximately0.75miles,andwouldhaveverylittleconstructionimpact.Drawdownatthissitewouldbeslightlylessthanaverageforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately170acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-20 squaremileofdrainagearea.WildlifehabitatatPondCreekwasratedassomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied.OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothereservoirthroughashort(1/2-mile)pipelinewhoseconstructionwouldhavelimitedimpactsbeyondthoseassoci-atedwithconstructingthedam.DrawdownatPondCreekwouldexposeabout155acresinamaximumyear;thisislessthanaverageforthesitesstudiedduetothecom-pactnatureofthesite.3-22 tLITTLEWAPWVALLOPENCREEK.andUseandDevelomentTheLittleWapwallopenCreeksiteislocatedonLittleWapwal-lopenCreekinLuzerneCountyapproximatelythreemilesabovetheCreek'sconfluencewiththeSusquehannaRiver.Thereisnoactiveagriculturallandinthesite.Thelandintheareaisapproximately30%ClassIand70%ClassIV-VIIIagriculturalcapability.Approximately410acresoflandwouldbeaffectedbythisproject,ofwhichabout380acresisforestandtheremainderisdevotedtoasmallroadwhichcrossesthesite,asmallrecreationallakeonthesite,andanelectricaltransmissionline.Thereareapproximatelytwotothreeresidencesinornearthesitethatr1aybedirectlyaffected.Thenearestdownstreamresidencesarescatteredhomes.approximatelytwomQesdownstream.Tner'eisasmalllakeandpicnicareainthecenterofthesite.aturalResourcesLittleVlapwallopenCreekisamediumqualitycoldwaterfish-ery,whichisstockedwithbrownandrainbowtroutinthesectionofthestreamwhichwillbeinundated.Approximately2.25milesofthestream'stotal17.5mQeswillbelost.Thisincludesabout1.25milesofthetotalfour-milestockablelengthofthestream.Inaddition,becausethiswouldbeaconventionalreservoirwhichwouldnotrequirepumping,t'neflowdown-streamofthedamwouldbereducedtoaconservationreleaseof0.15cfspersquaremileoftheCreek'sdrainageareainamaximumdroughtyear.Thepro-posedoperatingschemeforthisprojectisdescribedinChapter2,Page2-15.ThewaterqualityofLittleWapwallopenGreekisconsideredtobegood,withonlyminoragriculturalrunoffproblems(Buchart-Horne,Inc.).Thewildlifehabitatatthissitewasratedsomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied.3-23 PONDHILLLandUseandDevelomentThePondHQlsiteisprimarilywoodland,withscatteredcul-tivatedfieldsalongitssouthside.PenobscotMountainrunsparalleltothesiteonthenorth.Approximately040acresoflandwouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisprojectandallofthelandwithinthesiteisratedasagriculturalcapa-bQityClassIV-VIII.ThelanddirectlysouthofthesiteisratedasClassIIIland.Thereisnoresidentialactivitywithinorbelowthesite.NaturalResourcesThePondHillsiteislocatedinavalleyformedbyasmallunnamedtributarytotheSusquehannaRiver.Thestreamisabouttwomileslong,andhastwosmallpondsalongitscourse.Aboutonemileofthestreamwouldbeinundated'bytheimpoundment.ThestreamisprobablyintermittentinitslowandisnotclassedasafisherybythePennsylvaniaFishCommission.AllofthewaterforthisprojectwillbepumpedfromtheSus-quehannaRiverjustbelowthevillageofMocanaqua.AccordingtothePenn-sylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalResources",theSusquehannaRiverinthisareasuffersfromdepressedwaterqualitywithseveralwaterqualityparametersshowingunacceptablelevelsduringcertainperiods(seeTable3-2).Pumpingwouldneverreducetheriver'sflowmorethansevenpercent.WildlifehabitatatthePondHillsitewasratedassomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied,butitisverysimilartomuchofthelandintheareaanddoesnotappearunique.OtherFactorsApipel'inerunningfromtherivertothesitewouldberequiredtorunthroughaheavilywoodedarea,anddownasteepblufftotheriverforapproximately0.5miles.DrawdownatPondHillwouldbelessthanaverageforthesitesstudied,with155acresexposedinamaximumyearoutofthetotal225-acreinundatedarea.3-24 TRIBUTARYTOSOUTHBRANCHNEWPORTCREEKLandUseandDevelomentThissiteislocatedinawoodedandswampyareaalongthenorthsideoftheheavilywoodedPenobscotMountain.Thelandwithinthesiteisdevotedentirelytowetlands,forestandasmallwatersupplyreservoirownedbythePennsylvaniaGas&WaterCompany.Thesiteisimmediatelysouthofanextensivestripminingareaandthe.soilsarenotconsideredsuitableforcultivationorotheragriculturaluse."Approximately220acresofland(thesmallestofanysite)wouldbeaffectedbythisproject.Thereisnoresidentialdevelopmentinoraroundthesite,butthereisextensivedevelopmentabout2milesdownstreaminthecityofNanticoke.ThereisasmallsettlementknownasWanamie,whichwasbuiltbythecoalcompanyforitsemployees,about1/2milenorthofthereservoir.ThisvillageiscurrentlylistedasaStateHistoricDistrict.NaturalResourcesThestreamonwhichthissiteislocatedisverysmallandisnotlistedasafisherybythePennsylvaniaPishCommission.ItisatributarytothesouthbranchofNewportCreek,whichisreportedtobeseverelypolluted.Approximatelyonemileofthe1.5milelengthofthisstreamwouldbelost.AllofthewaterforthisprojectwouldbepumpedfromtheSusquehannanearNanticoke.AccordingtothePennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalResourcestheSusquehannaRiverinthisareasuffersfromdepressedwaterqualitywithseveralwaterqualityparametersshowingun-acceptablelevelsduringcertainperiods(seeTable3-2).ThelocationofthissitenexttoPenobscotMountain,andthemixedwetland/woodlandcharacterofthesitecausesitswildlifehabi-tattoberatedasbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied.3"25 OtherFactorsThewaterforthissitewouldbepumpedthroughapipelinewhichwouldrunforaboutthreemilesthroughastrip-minedareaandalongNewportCreektotheSusquehanna.Drawdownatthissitewouldexposetheleastamountoflandofanysitestudied,withabout12Sacresexposedinamaximumyear.3-26 TABLE3-1WATERQUALITYOFPUMPINGSOURCEUPPERSUSQUEHANNASITESTunkhannockCreek-Rt.6BridgePA.DER-Quarterly,1971-1974S.Branch-TunkhannockCk/(mouth)PA.DER-Quarterly,1971-1974TowandaCreek-Rt.220BridgePA.DER-Quarterly,1971-1974PARAMETERTemperature(C)Minimum0.526.015.0MaximumAverageMinimum1.0MaximumAverage20.0Minimum0.5Maximum22.0Average10.8DissolvedOxygen(mg/I)pHAmmon{aNitrogen(mg/I)Iron(mg/1)956.800.0309014.08.600.4001~10011.567'70.14631810.06.80.03Q10015.08,00.33052,0ll77.400.132228.29'6'00.030101317.301.3999,3001076.980.2611,375+3TotalColiform(coL/100mg/1){oneobsation)5,695SusquehannaRiver-Rt.309BridgePA.DER-Quarterly,1971-1974SusquehannaRiver-Rt.92BridgePA.DER-Qunrterly,1971-1974SusquehnnnaRiver-Rt.6BridgePA.DER-Qunrterly,1971-1974Temp'erature(C)0DissolvedOxygen(mg/l)pll0.511.06.6026.015.07507.512,47.011,0806F8022.012.28.009.7210.67'83.51106.6023017.08.4015.2812.67'2TotalDissolvedSoL(mg/I)AmmoninNitrogen(mg/l)(oneobserv0.100ation)0.3001300,190(oneobie0.090ation)0.200720.1532040.1502381.3992160.798Iron(mg/I)1404,1001,167.12801,7801,095,71002,300957.5TotalColiform(coL/100mg/I)(oneobservation23,940(oneobservation)3,700(oneobservation)8,985~SouroastUSEPAQualityCriteriaforWater,1976IPenna.DERWaterQualityCriteriaeff.Oct.1976;Std.Methods,14thEdition1976~

TABLE3-2WATERQUALITYOFPUMPINGSOURCELOWERSUSQUEHANNASITESSusquehannaStvcr(Bt-Weekly)HescopeckCreek(Ouartcrty)PP6LDats,4/ll/68-8/30/72VSGSData,10/2/74-9/23/TSPADEttData,1971~1974t/MlnhnumMaximumAverageMlnlmumMaxtmumAverageMlnlmumMaximumAverageStandatdae,CommentsHardnessfmg/11Alkallnlty(mg/DIron(mg/1)Atumtnum(mg/1)SuspsrodedSolids(mg/1)pH42,02loo0,02Ooo'o2dos279,067.03,0'osd912odTo412SooOod01034ooOo230.02$oo4.259oo17oo8,8$01ooSol46oo3~374O,ddd$2~1TooOo1004,23oolo41$7,45~ddModHardMlnoo20mg/10.3mg/ldr(uktngwater(EPA)nottoexceed1.5mg/1(DES)C0.2mg/1destrablet>>.5mgndangerousto~quattclife,C80mg/)drtnklngwater6.0to8.$acceptabl~rangeFecalCot(form(col./100mt.)Sulfide(5)Sulfate($04)Ooo12odOo2$222.$dooo390,021~ooooo3,068,0(oneohservstton)60,0(ttL)(200forwatercontactC.OO2mg/1roraquaticotg.~'$Omg/1(OrdrtnklngwaterC.O.D.0g/1)B.O,b,Osg/1)Lead(mg/l)Elno(mg/))4,8OossTOolSo62,94ooOo8OooooOoolo3704o4O,033Oo12014,4So420.0073oo027(12mg/1typicalofgoodquality3S.Omg/1undesirable(o.osmonfordrtnktngwater(5mg/1lordrtnktngwaterChlorophyllATemperature(C)Ooo29o417020,0001,00.0$727,0Oooldy13o2$4.$21~0Ilodeutrophicat>O.O)Omgn305ornotsors0than3oincreaseoverambient,DissolvedOxygen(mg/1)DissolvedSolids(mg/1)Sod79ad14o20388odlood20doST,d54oo14oo298oolooss167o28,015ooloo$9Mln..4-$mg/1MsxooTSOmg/1absolutctSOOmg/1monthtyrange,~SourccstV.S.EPAOucllCrtterteforWater,197dtPenna.DEttWatauallCrttsrt~~lfecttveOct.l9'76StandardMethods14thEd.)976,J/SamplestakenatSusquehannaSteamElcctrtcStstton.QSamplestakenneerHunlockCreek(V.S.G.S,Statton85377l,QSamplestakenatBridgeonL.ft.40017lnHcscopdckTownship,Lus<<neCounty.3-28 LISTOFREFERENCESCONSULTEDBuckhart-Horn,Inc.,ComrehensfveWaterualiManaementPlan,UerSusuehannaRiverBasinStudArea4,ReportpreparedforthePennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalResources,Harrisburg,Pa.,1975.LuzerneCountyPlanningCommission,ExistingLandUseMap,Wflkes-Barre,Pa.,undated.LuzerneCountyPlanningCommission,FutureLandUseMap,Wilkes-Barre,Pa.,undated.LuzerneCountyPlanningCommission,LandUsePlanofLuzerneCounforTheYear2000,Wilkes-Barre,Pa.,'une1976.NorthernTierRegionalPlanningCommission,SusuehannaCountInterimLandUsePlanandInterimTransortationPlanTowanda,Pa.,March1970.NorthernTierRegionalPlanningCommission,Recreationand0enSacePlanSusuehannaCounPennslvania,Towanda,Pa.,May1971.NorthernTierRegfonalPlanningCommission,PhsicalFeaturesandNaturalResourcesWominCountPennslvania,Towanda,Pa.,March1969.NorthernTierRegionalPlanningCommission,InterimLandUsePlan,WomfnCounPennslvania,Towanda,Pa.,February1970.PennsylvaniaDepartmentofEnvironmentalResources.,PennslvanfaScenicRiversInvento,Harrisburg,Pa.,1975.PennsylvaniaPishCommissfon,"PennsylvaniaTroutWaters,1974"Harris-burg,1974.PennsylvaniaPishCommission,"ChangesinStockedTroutWaters-1976",Harrisburg,Pa.,1976.PennsylvaniaPishCommission.StreamSurveyReportPilesofApprovedandUnapprovedTroutStockingWaters.PleasantGap,Pa.1977PennsylvaniaHistoricandMuseumCommission,"PennsylvaniaInventoryofHistoricPlaces"OfficeofHistoricPreservation,Harrisburg,Pa.U.I.II.Il,~llSusuehannaCountPennslvania,August1973.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,SoilConservationService,LuzerneCounPennslvaniaInterimSoilSurveReort,1974I,IIIilPennslvanfaSoilInteretations,1976.3-29 Chapter4EVALUATIONOFSITESTABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTION.TECHNICALEVALUATIONENVIRONMENTALEVALUATIONSELECTIONOFSITES4-14-14-2LISTOFPLATESPlateNo.4"1ReservoirEnvironmentalEvaluationMatrixFollows~Pa8No4-7 CHAPTER4EVALUATIONOPSITESINTRODUCTIONBasedontheresultsofthetechnicalandenvironmentalassess-mentsofthesitesdevelopedinthepreviouschapters,thesiteswerecom-paredandrankedconsideringphysicalsuitabilityandenvironmentalfactors.Promthiscomparison,thesitesbestsuitedfordevelopmentofareservoirwereselected.IaLEVAN,tfThetechnicalassessmentindicatedthatexceptfortheTributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreektherewerenoapparentreasonswhy'reservoirscouldnotbeconstructedatanyofthesites;ThispartoftheNewportCreekareaspayhavegeologicproblemsresultingfromsurfaceanddeepmining~'whichmakeitquestionableasareservoirsite.Itisrecommendedthatthisareabeeliminatedfromfurtherconsideration.Someoftheothersitesare,however,bett'ersuitedforreservoirdevelopmentthanothers.Amongthemanyfactorsinfluencingsuitabilityofasitefordevelopingareservoiraretopography,hydrology,geologyandexistingfacilities.Theseusuallyarefactorsaffectingprojectcostalso.Acceptingprojectcostsasanimportantindicatorofthephysicalsuitabilityofasitefordevelopmentofareservoir,thefollowingisarankingofthesitesfromthisstandpoint.GoodSites(ProjectCostlessthan$32.0millionLittleMeshoppenCreekRileyCreekIdlewildCreekLittleWapwallopenCreek(ProjectCost$32.0to$39.0millionGravesPondCreekButlerCreekTrib.toNescopeckCr.PondHillCreekPoorSites(ProjectCostgreaterthan$39.0millionFargoCreekSalemCreekPondCreekLaningCreek4-1 ENVIRONMENTALEVALUONEachsitewasevaluatedonelevenenvironmentalfactorswhicharesummarizedonanaccompanyingReservoirEnvironmentalEvaluationMatrix(Plate4-1).Thematrixratessitesaspotentialreservoirsrelativetoeachother,andisnotasummaryofenvironmentalimpactsateachsite.Itis,rather,anassessmentofasite'srelativesuitabilityforreservoirdevelopment.Thesitesareratedrelativelygood,fairorpooroneachfactor.Althoughtherat-ingsarebasedonasub)ective[udgmentastowhatconstitutesthedividinglinebetweenarelativelygood,fairorpoorreservoirsiteundereachfactor,anattemptwasmadetoensurecomparabQitybetweensitesbyestablishingcriteriaforratingthesitesoneachfactorpriortotheanalysis.ThecriteriausedareshownonPlate4-1.Animportantpointtorememberinusingthismatrixisthattheenvironmentalfactorsmustbeexaminedindividuallytocomparesites,andcannotbeaddedtodevelopascoreforasite.Althoughadecisiononselectingasiteshouldbebasedonallthefactors,oneortwofac-torsmayoutweighseveralothersinselectingorrejectingasite.Thisisafudgmentwhichmustbemadebythedecisionmakerbasedontherat-ingsinthismatrixaswellasthefactsandanalysespresentedinthefore-goingindividualsiteanalyses.Eachofthethirteenpotentialreservoirsiteswasevaluatedandplacedinoneofthreecategories:CategoryIsitesshoulddefinitelybegivenfurtherconsiderationfordevelopment;CategoryIIsites'arepos-sibilitiesforfurtherconsideration,butdonotappearasfavorableasCategoryIsites;andCategoryIIIsitesshouldbedroppedfromfurthercon-sideration.Thesiteswereclassifiedasfollowsbasedontheenviron-mentalevaluation:CategoryI-RecommendedforFurtherStud:-PondHill>>GravesPondCreek4-2 CategoryII-FurtherStudShouldBeConsidered:-LittleMeshoppenCreek-RileyCreek-FargoCreek-LaningCreek-UnnamedTributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreekCategoryIII-NotRecommendedforFurtherStud:-ButlerCreek-IdlewildCreek-SalemCreek-UnnamedTributarytoNescopeckCreek-PondCreek-LittleWapwallopenCreekThesiteswereplacedintheirrespectivecategoriesforthefollowingreasons:CateoIPondHillFromtheperspectiveoftheenvironmentalevaluation,PondHillisthebestreservoirsiteofthethirteensitesevaluatedinthisstudy.ThePondHillsiteisratedasagoodreservoirsiteoneightoftheelevenfactorsconsidered.Developmentofthissitewouldhavemini-maldirectnegativeimpactonpeople,existingorpotentialagriculture,ex-istingstreamfishery,riverQowandaesthetics.Thissitewasratedfairinonearea,characterofpipelineroute,becausethepipelinewouldextendthroughawoodedareawhichisclearlyvisiblefromtheSusquehannaRiver.Thepoorratingonwildlifehabitatresultedfromthesite'srelativelyundis-turbedcharacterrelativetotheothersitesstudied.Itshouldbeemphasized,however,thatthewildlifehabitatwithinthesiteisverysimilartomuchofthispartofPennsylvania,andassuchitdoesnotappeartobeuniqueinanyway.4-3 Thesignificanceofthesite'spoorratingonthequalityofitswatersourceisnotknownatthistime;however,thegenerallypoorqual-ityoftheSusquehannainthisareacouldaffectthequalityofthewaterinthereservoir,andthusitspotentialasafisheryandarecreationarea.Thissubjectwillrequirefurtherstudypriortothissite'sfinalselectionfordevelopment.GravesPondCreekThissitewasratedasagoodreservoirsiteonfourfactors,includingstreamfisheryquality,lengthofstreaminundated,impactonwatersource,andimpactofthewaterconduit.ItwasratedasafairsiteIinsixareas,andpoorinonlyone-theamountofactiveagriculturallandaffected.Noneofthefairratingsaretheresultofseriousproblems,andalthoughthesitetakesthemostagriculturallandofanysitestudied,itsdevelopmentwouldresultinthelossoflessthan100acresofactivelyfarmed,ClassIII,agriculturalland.Overall,theGravesPondCreeksiteisonlyslightlylessattractivethanthePondHillsite,andisratedasaCategoryIsite.CateoIILittleMeshoenCreekTheLittleMeshoppenCreeksitewasratedasthebestoftheCategoryIIsites.Itwasratedasagoodsiteintheareasofimpactonagriculture,qualityofreservoirwatersourceandimpactonthewatersource.Itwasratedfaironresidentialactivitywithinthesite,'streamfisheryqualityandthecharacterandlengthofthewaterconduitro'ute.Poorratingsintheareasofdevelopmentbelowthedam,lengthofstreaminun-dated,wildlifehabitatandareaexposedbydrawdownkeptfromit;frombe-ingratedasaCategoryIsite.RileyCreekisverysimilartoLittleMeshoppenCreekinmanyrespects,nottheleastofwhichistheircloseproximitytoeachother.4-4 Therearealsoseveraldifferencesbetweenthetwosites.TheseincludeRileyCreek'slessintensedownstreamdevelopment,itshigherqualityfish>>eryandthepossiblenegativeimpactonMeshoppenCreek'sflow.Althoughitisdifficulttoassesstherelativeimportanceofthesefactors,itappearsthatRileyCreekissomewhatlessattractiveasareservoirsitethanLittleMeshoppenCreek,butshouldberetainedforfurtherstudyasaCategoryIIsite.FaoCreekFargoCreekisanaveragesite,withapoorsuitabilityratinginonlythreefactors:residentialactivity,wildlifehabitatanddrawdomm.Ofthesefactors,residentialactivityisprobablythemostimportant;how-ever,thissitehasonlyafewmoreresidentialunitsthanothersrated"fair"inresidentialactivity.Theotherfactorsonwhichthissiteisrated"poor"arealsoimportantbutnotmajor.Therefore,althoughFargoCreekisslightlylessattractivethanLittleMeshoppenCreekorRileyCreek,itisratedasCategoryII.LaningCreekissimilartoFargoCreekinthatitisratedas"fair"onanumberoffactors,butisnotrated"poor"onanyfactorwhichwould,initself,knockthesiteoutofconsideration.Therefore,althoughresidentialactivityissomewhatmoreintenseatLaningCreekthanatRileyorLittleMeshoppen,LaningCreekisalsoclassedasaCategoryIIsite.UnnamedTributatoSouthBranchNeortCreekThissiteisratedgoodonsevenfactors,andpooronfourfactors.Thepoorratingsonwaterqualityofpumpingsource,developmentbelowdam,wildlifehabitat,andcharacterandlengthofwaterconduitrouteareimportantenoughtoreducethesitetoCategoryII,butnotsuffi-cientinthemselvestoputthesiteintothe"notrecommendedforfurtherstudy"category.4-5 CateoIIIButlerCreekButlerCreekhasseveralseriousproblems,nottheleastofwhichisthesevereimpactthatpumpingtofillitwouldhaveonTunk-hannockCreek.TheadditionalimpactsofthissiteonagriculturallandsandwetlandsindicatesthatthissiteshouldbeclassedasCategoryIIIanddroppedfromfurtherconsideration.IdlewildCreekIdlewildCreekissomewhatmoresuitablethanButlerCreek,buttheproblemofdepletionofthepumpingsourceremainsasaseriousdraw-backtothissite.ItisfeltthatalthoughIdlewildCreekissimilartoasitesuchasRileyCreekinmanyways,amoreimportantfactoristhepotentialprobleminpumpingfromtheEastBranchofTunkhannockCreek.ThesedifficultiesareevenmoreseverethanthoseatButlerCreekduetothesmallerdrainageareasinvolved.Therefore,IdlewildCreekshouldalsoberatedCategoryIIIanddroppedfromfurtherconsideration.SalemCreekSalemCreekisrated"fair"onseveralfactorsand"poor"onthree:waterquality,residentialactivitywithinthesiteanddevelopmentbelowthesite.Thesenegativefactorsplusthepaucityofgoodratingsarestrongenoughtoknockitoutofconsideration.Itis,therefore,rankedasCategoryIII.UnnamedTributatoNescoeckCreekThissiteappearstobeafairsiteoverall,butissuffersfromaproblemwhichisnotshownontheselectionmatrix.Thatis,muchof'hesiteisapparentlyownedorleasedbyahuntclub.Anorganizationsuchasthiscouldposeseriousproblemstoacquisition,anditisfeltthattheoverallfairsuitabilityratingofthesiteplusthepossibleownershipproblemmakesaCategoryIIIratingappropriate.

PondCreekThePondCreeksiteisratedhighlyinseveralareas,buthasapoorratingonthreeimportantfactors.Oneofthesepoorratings(i.e.,im-partonpumpingsource)couldbechangedtogoodifwaterwerepumpedfromtheSusquehannainsteadofLittleWapwailopen.Creek.Thiswouldresultinothertrade-offs,however,aspumpingsourcewaterqualitywouldthenberatedpoorandcharacter/lengthofwaterconduitwouldratefair.Thus,threeimportantareaswouldremainrated"poor"includingresidentialactiv-ity,waterqualityandwildlifehabitat.Inaddition,thereisastrongpos-sibQitythatpartofthissiteisastategameorrecreationareaofsomesort.ThisconQict,plustheotherfactors,bringsthesiteaCategoryIIIrating.LittleWawalloenCreekThissitehasoneveryseriousproblem:LittleWapwallopenCreek,atthispoint,isconsideredoneofthebeststockedtroutstreamsintheregion.Thisprojectwouldinundatepartofthestockedreachandseriouslyreducetheflowatcertaintimestotheremainingstockedarea.Mainlybecauseofthis.fact,LittleWapwallopenCreekisratedCategoryIII.SELECTIONOFSITESThetechnicalandenvironmentalevaluationsandtheresultingsiterankingswereusedtoselectapreferredsiteandtwoalternativesites.'AllsitesotherthantheUnnamedTributarytoSouthBranchNewportCreekwerefoundtobefeasibleforreservoirdevelopmentfromanengineeringandgeo-technicalstandpoint,andnositewassocostlyastobedroppedautomati-callyfromfurtherconsideration.Thefoursitesratedastechnicallypoorsiteswere,however,significantlylessdesirablethantheothereightsites.TheenvironmentalevaluationratedPondHillasclearlythemostsuitablesiteofthethirteensitesevaluated.GravesPondCreekwasrated'econd,andLittleMeshoppenCreekwasratedthird.Basedontheenviron-mentalevaluation,andgiventherelativelysmalldifferencesincostbe-tweenthethreeenvironmentallytopratedsites,thesesiteswererecom-mendedforfurtherevaluationwithPondHillasthepreferredsite.4-7 RESERyOIRDJVIRONMENTALPJ~'ATIONMATRIXF~TE'.SlyE$Key:RatingasaPotentialReservoirRelativetoOtherSitesStudied-GoodReservoirSite-FairReservoirSite.O-PoorReservoirSitexCCCJ40cc0tucCtiltuCClilCJxtucc0tuccxC"CJIxcucuccCJ44YU00O0Ct<xltuaCJI4OiiieO2ccccsuc2xV4z020tutuucC0X4200u=0cC0elRESIDENTIALACTIVITY0.2Residences-Good34Residences-Fair06Residences-PoorDEVELOPhlENTBELOWOAM05Residences-Good6-15Resiciences-Fair)15Residences-PoorACTIVEAGRICULTURALLANDAFFECTED025Acres-Good26-75Acres-Fair)75Acres-PoorAGRICULTURALCAPABILITYOFSOILSWITHINSITEPredominantlyClassIV-Vill-GoodSignihcantAmountolClassIII-FairSignificantAcnountofClassIandII-PoorLENGTHOFSTREAhlINUNDATED1.5mile-Good1.62.9mile-Fair)3.0mile-PoorSTREAMFISHERYQUALITYSmallllntermittentFfowlUnstocked-GoodOtherUnstockedStreams-FairStockedStreams-PoorQUALITYOFRESERVOIRWATERSOURCEGoodtoExcellentQuality-GoodFairtoGoodQuality-FairPoortoFairQuality-PoorPOTENTIALIhlPACTONWATERSOURCENever1VithdcawMoreThanIo.oofFlow-GoodNormally.FlovsNotReducedBelowLong-termMedian-FairFlowsSometimesReducedtoConservationFlow-PoorWILDLIFEHABITATy/ocse1hanAvecage(ForSitesStudied)-GoodAverageQualityIFocSitesStudiedl-FairBetterThanAverageIForSitesStudied)-PoorCHARACTER/LENGTHOF1VATERCONDUITROUTETunnel.orPipelineLessThan1.0MileLong-GoodPipeline1.0-3.0MilesLong-FairPipeiinehloreThan3.0MilesLongorPipelineofAnyLengthy/hichTraversesSensitiveArea-PoorAREAEXPOSEDBYDRAVVDOWN(150Acces-Good150200Acres-Fair)200Acres-PoorQ000000QQ06000900000000000@l0':,.GlCIl illi',qI'i~i,il