ML17138A766

Assessment of Sites for Augmentation Reservoir, Aug 1977

ML17138A766
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Site:	Susquehanna
Issue date:	08/31/1979
From:	TIPPETTS - ABBETT - MCCARTHEY - STRATTON
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Assessment ofSitesforanAugmentation Reservoir foriheSusquehanna SteamElectricStationPreparedforPennsylvania Power8LightCompanyAugust1977Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton Engineers andArchitects NewYork<909'OSOa70 SUMMARYCHAPTERIINTRODUCTION CHAPTER2TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTCHAPTER3ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHAPTER4EVALUATION OPSITES SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS Conclusions Thirteenreservoir sitescapableofdeveloping augmentation watersupplystorageneededtomeetSusquehanna RiverBasinCommission requirements forconsumptive wateruseattheSusquehanna SteamElectricStationwereappraised bothtechnically andenvironmentally.

Theappraisal ledtotheidenti.fication ofPondHillsasbeingthesitemostsuitablefordevelopment asareservoir.

TheGravesPondCreeksite,whichwasalmostasgoodbutdidrequiremorereloca-tionsofpeople,roadsandutilities, isrecommended asthefirstalternative site.LittleMeshoppen Creekisrecommended asthesecondalternative site.~SummarThe13siteswhichwereconsidered are:GravesPondCreekLittleMeshoppen CreekRileyCreekButlerCreekIdlewildCreekPargoCreekLaningCreekSalemCreekTributary toNescopeck CreekPondCreekLittleWapwallopen CreekPondHillTributary toSouthBranchNewportCreekTheLittleWapwallopen sitewoulddeveloptheneededwatersupplyoryieldbystoringrunofffromitsdrainagearea.Supplemental pumpingfromanearbysourceisrequiredtodeveloptheyieldattheothersites.Thestudyconsisted ofestablishing criteriaforprojectrequirements, developing aplanforeachsiteandappraising thetechnical andenvironmental qualities ofeachsite.Theassessments werebasedprimarily onofficestudiesusingexistingmapsandaliterature search.Eachsitewas,however,givma cursoryfieldinspection.

Basedonthetechnical assessment, theTributary totheSouthBranch,NewportCreekwaseliminated.

becauseofgeological uncertainties resulting frompastsurfaceanddeepminingJntheimmediate vicinity.

Theothersiteswerejudgedtobetechnically acceptable andcostestimates prepared.

Basedoncostasbeingameasureoftherelativetechnical suitability ofasiteforthedevelopment ofareservoir, thesitescouldbegroupedasfollows:Estimated

+eject.Cost.less..than$32.0millionEstimated

'Pqqj.ect Costbetween$32.0and39.0million's timatedProjectCostgreaterthan$39.0million.RileyCreekButlerCreekLittleWapwallopen CreekPondHillIdlewildCreekTributary toNescopeck Cr.LittleMeshoppen CreekGravesPondCreekLaningCreekFargoCreekSalemCreekPondCreekTheenvironmental assessment indicated allsitestobegood.Re-sultsaresummarized onPlate4-1,Reservoir Environmental Evaluation Matrix.Fromthismatrixthesitesweregroupedasfollows:,RelativeEnvironmental Suitabilit forDevelomentofaReservoir Relativel GoodPondHillGravesPondCreekRelativel veraeLittleMeshoppen CreekRileyCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekelatvelooButlerCreekIdlewildCreekSalemCreekcrib.toNescopeck Cr.PondCreekLittleWapwallopen Cr.

CHAPTER1TABLEOPCONTENTSIntroduction PurposeScopePreviousStudiesPa<ac1-11-21-21"3ListofPlatesPlatel-lReservoir Location Chapter1INTRODUCTION Thisreportsummarizes thestudiesleadingtotheselection ofaprimaryreservoir siteandtwoalternative sitesfromagroupof13sitesforanaugmentation ofwatersupplystorageneededtomeetSusquehanna RiverBasinCommission requirements forconsumptive wateruseatSusquehanna SteamElectricStation.Theprimeandtwoalternative siteswereselectedbasedonatechnical andenvironmental assessment of13siteslocatedontributaries oftheSusquehanna RiverbetweenBerwickandTowanda,Pennsylvania.

The13sitesare:SiteNumberCountaU.S.G.S~uadMaGravesPondCreekP-OD-09-1 RileyCreekSCS10-17ALittleMeshoppen CreekT-10-10AWyomingyoming/usquehannaWyoming/Susquehanna JenningsvilleAuburnCenterAuburnCenter6Springville ButlerCreekIdlewildCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekSalemCreekT-38-100A SCS38-10P-OD"10-18CS-11-7T-OD08-2ABradfordBradfordLuzerneLaceyvilleTowandaBerwickSusquehanna Lenoxviile Susquehanna CliffordTributary toNescopeck CreekP-35"1PondCreekP07-2LittleWapwallopen CreekSCS07-8APondHillP-OD"07-1Tributary toSouthBranchNewportCreek'-OD-07-3 LuzerneLuzerneLuzerneLuzerneLuzerneBerwickSybertsvilleSybertsvilleNanticoke ShickshinnyNanticoke ThelocationofthesitesareshownonPlate1-1.1-1

~PuroseThepotential reservoir sitesarebeingconsidered fordevelopment ofawatersupplysourcetoaugmenttheSusquehanna Riverduringlowflowperiodsbytheamountofriverflowusedconsumptively attheSusquehanna SteamElectiicStation,nowunderconstruction nearBerwick.Theestimated averageconsump-tiveuseis50cfs.ThestudywasmadeforPennsylvania Power&LightCompany(PP&L),theownersoftheSusquehanna Station,byTippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton(TAMS).Theaugmentation isrequiredbytheSusquehanna RiverBasinCom-mission'SRBC),

duringperiodsofcriticallowSusquehanna Riverflow.Theyhaveadoptedaslowflowcriterion theaverageconsecutive sevendaylowflowwithareturnfrequency oftenyearsplusaproject's totalconsumptive use.ForSSES,theaverageconsumptive useis50cfs;and,theSRBCindicates thesevendaytenyearlowflowtobe790cfsattheWilkes-Barre gage.Whenflowintheriverisbelow040cfs-thesumof790cfsand50cfs-theremustbeaugmentation waterreleasedtoequalthetotalconsumptive use..~SooeInthisstudyeachreservoir wassizedtomeettheSRBClowflowcri-teriaduringthemostcriticalperiodofhistoricrecordedflowsattheWilkes-Barre gage.Otherpossibleincidental usesofthereservoir suchasrecreation andfish-ingwereconsidered aspossiblereservoir functions.

Infuture,moredetailedstudiesofanyofthesereservoir sites,otherlocalneedssuchasmunicipal andindustrial watersupplyandfloodcontrolwouldbeconsidered whenappropriate.

Onlyoneofthealternatives (LittleWapwallopen Creek)isaconven-tionaltypereservoir wherethetotalyieldrequiredcanbeobtainedbystoringrun-offfromthecontributing drainagearea.Theremaining sitesrequiresupplemental pumpingfromanearbyrunoffsourcetoobtainthedesiredyield.Thisassessment isbasedonafieldreconnaissance ofeachsitebyengineering (TOMSandPP&L)andenvironmental (TAMS)personnel, mapstudies,andaliterature search.Fieldworkforthisphaseoftheinvestigation waslimitedtoonebriefvisit.1-2 PreviousStudiesPossiblereservoir siteshavebeenstudiedintheSusquehanna Basinbymanyinvestigators.

TheSusquehanna RiverBasinCoordinating Committee ReportofJune1970,considered manyreservoirs proposedbytheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers, theSoilConservation ServiceoftheDepartment ofAgriculture andothers.Mostofthesepreviousstudiesconsidered onlystreamswithdrainageareaslargeenoughtoprovidearelatively highyield.TAMShas,since1972,madestudiesinthebasinofbothconventional reservoirs andreservoirs supplemented bypumpingfromnearbystreams.PPGLengineers havecontributed tothesestudiesaswellasmakingtheirowninvestiga-tions.The'13sitesstudiedhereinwereselectedbyPP&Lfromcombinedin-ventories ofallpriorstudiesandfromadditional,map review.Thesesitesarecon-sideredtobethebest'suited todeveloptherequiredaugmentation watersupplyforSusquehanna SES,basedonabroadappraisal ofengineering, environmental andrelocation problemsofmanypossiblesiteswithinthepartoftheSusquehanna Basinbeingconsidered.

Itshouldbenotedthatinthesiteidentifying numbergivenabove,SCSreferstositespreviously identified bytheSoilConservation ServiceintheSusque-hannaReport;Treferstositesidentified byTAMS;andPreferstositesidentified byPP6L.Thefirstnumberreferstothesub-basins, andthesecond,aparticular site.1-3 CHAPTER2TABLEOFCONTENTSTechnical AssessmentProjectRequirements Storage/Yield CriteriaMinimumStorageSpillwayRequirements Freeboard OtherProjectFeaturesPlansofDevelopment GravesPondCreekLittleMeshoppen CreekRileyCreekButlerCreekIdlewildCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekSalemCreekTributary toNescopeck CreekPondCreekLittleWapwallopen CreekPondHillTiibutary toSouthBranchNewportCreekCostsConstruction CostAnnualCostPacae2-12-12-12-22~22-22-32-32-52-72-82-92-112-122-132-142-152-162-172-182<<182-18 LISTOFPLATESANDFIGURESPlateNo.2-12-22-32-42-52-62~72-82-92-102-112-122-132-142-152162-172i182-192-202"212-222-232-242-252-26HistoricReservoir Operation SummaryofProjectsGravesPondCreekReservoir PlanGravesPondCreekArea-Storage CurveLittleMeshoppen CreekReservoir PlanLittleMeshoppen CreekArea-Storage CurveRileyCreekReservoir PlanRileyCreekArea-Storage CurveButlerCreekReservoir PlanButlerCreekArea-Storage CurveIdlewildCreekReservoir PlanIdlewildArea-Storage CurveFargoCreekReservoir PlanFargoCreekArea-Storage CurveLaningCreekReservoir PlanLaningCreekArea-Storage CurveSalemCreekReservoir PlanSalemCreekArea-Storage CurveTributary toNescopeck CreekReservoir PlanTributary toNescopeck CreekArea-Storage CurvePondCreekReservoir PlanPondCreekArea-Storage CurveLittleWagwallopen CreekReservoir PlanLittleWapwallopen CreekArea-Storage CurvePondHillReservoir PlanPondHillArea-Storage CurveFollowing Pae2-22-42-52-62-72-82-92-102"112-122-132-142-152-162-17 LISTOFPLATESANDFIGURESPlateNo.2-272-282-29Tributary toSouthBranchNewportCreekReservoir PlanTributary toSouthBranchNewportCreekArea-StorageCurveSummaryofCostsFollowing Pae2-172-19Figure1AnnualCostFactors2-18 Chapter2TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS Eachreservoir sitewasstudiedtodetermine itsyield/storage capabili-ties,technical suitability, landandrelocation requirements, anddevelopment costs.Theappraisal wasbasedonestablishing aplanofdevelopment foreachsite,andassessing thevariouselementsofeachplanfromatechnical andcoststandpoint.

ProectReuirements Thecriteria, assumptions andstudyprocedures described belowweredeveloped andusedtoestablish comparable pro)ectrequirements andalayoutforeachpotential site.Eachsitelayoutforthisassessment wasbasedprimarily onasinglepurposeaugmentation watersupplyfunction.

Incidental usessuchaslimitedrecreation andfishingcouldpossiblybeaccommodated bythepro]ects.

Storae/YieldCriteriaEachreservoir wassizedtoaugmenttheSusquehanna Riverduringthehistorical lowflowperiodbyanamountequaltotheconsumptive useoftheSusque-hannaSES.LowflowasdefinedbytheSRBCistheseven-day, ten-yearlowflow(g7-10)plustheprospect's totalconsumptive use.TheQ7-10attheU.S.G.S.gagingstationatWilkes-Barre isestimated bySRBCtobe790cfs,basedonthehistorical record.Theestimated averageconsumptive useatSusquehanna SESwillbe50cfs.Therefore, inthisstudyitwasassumedthatwhenthenaturalSusquehanna RiverflowasmeasuredattheWilkes-Barre gageislessthan840cfs,augmentation releaseswouldbeneeded.Ananalysisofpastflowrecords(1905-1975) indicates thehistorical recordlowflowperiodwhentheriverflowwasbelow840'cfswas104daysin1964.Plate2-1summarizes thenumberofdayseachyearduringtheperiodofrecordthattheSusquehanna RiveratWilkes-Barre wasbelow840cfs.Itisthesedayswhenaugmentation releaseswouldhavebeenmadefromthereservoir.

2-1 Eachreservoir was.designed torefillcompletely duringthemostcriticalrefilling period.Promananalysisofthehistorical recordsofappropriate gagingstations, themostcriticalrefilling periodextendedfromDecemberl964throughMay1965following thehistorical recordlowflowperiod.AtallsitesexceptLittleWap-wallopen, theinflowwasinsufficient tocompletely refill,andapumpstationwithacapacitytorefilltheremaining storagefromanearbysourcewithinareasonable timewasincludedasapartofthedesign.Resultsofmasscurveanalysesofnearbystreamswereusedtoestimatetheportionoftherequiredyieldwhichcouldbedeveloped fromthenaturalrunoffandthestoragevolumeneededtodoso.Theremainder oftherequiredyieldmustbedeveloped bypumping,withstoragevolumeprovidedaccordingly.

Lossesforevaporation andseepagewereassumedtoequal109'ftheinflowand/orpumpedvolume.Basedonthesecriteriathetotalvolumerequiredforwatersupplyateachofthesitesrangedfromll,S00acre-feet atthesiteshavingthesmallestdrainageareato12,300acre-feet attheLittleWapwallopen site.Aminimumflowof0.1Scfspersquaremileofdrainageareawasassumedtobemaintained downstream ofthereservoirs andpumpingsources.Thisrepresents thepresent(conservation) minimumflowcriteriaoftheDepartment ofEnvironmental

.Resources, Commonwealth ofPennsylvania.

Streamflowdownstream fromtheprojectwouldnormallyexceedthisminimumbecause:1.Mostofthetimethereservoir wouldbefull,andallinflowwillbepasseddownstream; and2.Duringlowflowperiods,partoftheaugmentation releasecouldbemadedownstream atthosesitesforwhichthereisademonstrable benefittodoso.MinimumStoraeAminimumstoragelevelwithacapacityequivalent toeither2000or3000acre-feet wasassumedforeachreservoir.

Reservoirs nearpopulation centerswereprovidedwiththelargerminimumpool.Thispoolwouldbelargeenoughtostoreallsediments accumulating inthereservoir overthelifeoftheproject,andprovideprotection foraquaticlife,reservestorageandforaesthetic reasons.2-2 DAYSDURINGPERIODOFRECORD(1905-1975)

THATANAUGMENTATION RESERVOIR WOULDBEREQUIRED'LATE2-1I/2190506070809July>>>>Aug.Sept.12Nov.Total0001201910111213141516'l7181913030130000001920212223242526272829000000000019303132333435363738392700000000035194041424344454647484901600000000>>Basedonreservoir releasesweenflowwasequaltoorlessthanB40cfsattheSusquehanna GageatWilkesBarre.>>>>Basedonhistorical record,augmentation releaseswouldneverberequiredinthemonthsDecemberthroughJune.

DAYSDURINGPERIODOFRECORDI(1905-1975)

THATANAUGMENTATION RESERVOIR WOULDBEREQUIRED"(Continued)

PLATE2-12/2515253545556575859July"Aug.10Sept.Nov.Total00080120009196061626364656667686919232919316250032251043000019707172737475000000Total50124"6331Basedonreservoir releaseswhenflowwasequaltoorlessthanB40cfsattheSusquehanna GageatWilkes.earre.

~~Basedonhistorical record,augmentation releaseswouldneverberequiredinthemonthsOecemberthroughJune.

SillwaRequirements Acombination offloodsurcharge storageandspillwaycapacitywaspro-videdtoinsuresafetyofthepro)ect,shouldtheprobablemaximumfloodoccur.Ingeneral,thefollowing depthsofsurcharge storagewereprovided:

15feetfordrainageareasgreaterthan15squaremiles10feetfordrainageareasgreaterthan5squaremiles5feetminimumEachspillwaywassizedtopassthepeak.outQowconsidering theapplicable storagevolumes.Freeboard Afivefootfreeboard overmaximumfloodlevelwasusedforallreservoirs.

Thisissufficient topreventovertopping ofthedamformaximumcombination offlood,fetch,andwindconditions.

OtherProectFeaturesEmbankment damsandoverQowspillways withhydraulic Jumpstillingbasinsforenergydissipation werespecified forallsites.Studiesleadingtopre-liminarydesignwouldconsiderpossiblealternatives.

Anoutlettowerisindicated foreachsiteandwouldconnecttothepump-ingwaterconduitand/ortoan.energydissipation basinonthedownstream sideofthedam.Augmentation releaseswouldbemadeeitherbacktotheoriginalpumpingsourceortotheexistingdownstream channel.Innocasewouldthedownstream re-leasesexceedthecapacityofthedownstream channel.Thetowerswouldbedesignedsoreleasescanbemadefromvariousselecteddepthstoassistinmaintaining down-streamwaterquality.Pumpstationsweresizedtorefillthereservoir duringthemostcriticalhistoricrefilling periodwhichhydrologic recordsindicatetohaveoccurredfromDecember1964toMay1965inthepartoftheSusquehanna RiverBasincontaining thesitesstudied.AtthosesiteswhicharerefilledfromtheSusquehanna Riverorotherlargestreamswhereamplewaterisavailable duringthisperiod,pumpsweresizedtorefillthepumpingstoragevolumewithinathree-month period.Relocations areprovidedasneededtominimizedisruptions tothepresentpatternsofroads,transmission lines,pipelines andotherutilities.

2-3 Landrequirements wereestimated fromtheexistingU.S.G.S.maps.Itwasassumedthatanadequateareaabovethemaximumreservoir level,wouldbeacquiredforrecreation development andtopreserveorenhancetheexistingaesthetic qualityofthesites.PlansofDevelomentAplanwasdeveloped foreachsitewhichwouldprovidethewatersupplystorageneededtomeetthelowflowaugmentation requirements.

Theseplansaredescribed herein.Yield/storage requirements, waterlevel.andotherpertinent information foreachsiteare.summarized onPlate2-2.Aplanforeachreservoir andanarea-storage curveareshownonPlate2-3through2-28.Projectcostandannualcostaresummarized onPlate2-29foreachsite.Theplansconsidered storageonlyforlowflowaugmentation necessary fortheSusquehanna SES.Otherincidental usessuchasrecrea-tlonandfishingwhichrequirenoadditional storagecanbeaccommodated withintheplan.Someofthesitescanbedeveloped formorestoragethanisanticipated inthisstudy.Theadditional storagecouldbeusedforfloodcontrol,municipal andindustrial watersupply,andlowflowaugmentation forotherpurposes.

Theneedforthisadditional storageisunknownatthistime.Thepossibility ofproviding additional storageisnotedintheprojectdescriptions herein.Itshouldbenotedthatnostudiesleadingtooptimization oftheprojectfeaturesandcostshavebeenmade.Theplanswerebasedontheabovecriteriaandthetopography shownontheU.S.Geological Surveymapswithascaleofl:24,000.

Eachreservoir sitewasvisitedinthefield.Adescription ofeachsite,anarea-storage curveandmapshow-ingtheconfiguration ofeachreservoir follows.2-4 SusuehannaReservoir StudSummarofProectsSiteNumberDrainaeAreaVnitssq.mlGravesPondCreek~P-OD-09-)

2.3LittleMeshoppenCreek~T-10-10A) 10RileyCreek(SCS-10-17A)17.5IdlewildButlerCreekCreekFargoCreekLaningCreekLT-38-100A)

~SCS-30-)1)

)P-OD-10-))

~BCS-11-7 19.47.84,310.6Yieldfrom-RunoffPumpingTotalSforarfefor-RunoffPumpingTotalWaterSupplyInactiveElevations-TopofDamMaximumWaterLevelWaterSupplyLevelMinimumWaterLevelReservoir Area-TopofDamMaximumWaterSupplyMinimumWaterSupplyExosedAreaMaximumDrawdowncfscfscfsAFAFAFAFft.MSLft.MSLft.MSLft.MSLAcresAcresAcresAcres05050011,50011,5002,0001,0901.0851,0801,005300255751801040502,7009,30012,0002,0009459409308703703101002102129505;2006,70011,9003,0009409359208654653551302552426505,7006,10011,8003,0001,1001,0951.0801,025450350125225941502,3009,40011,7002,0001,2251,2201,2101,1353302759018505050011,50011,5002,0001,0201,0151,005900330280602201040502,9009,20012,1003,0001,0401,0351,02595542034090250~PomfnSourceDrainageAreaofSourceCapacityHeadPipelineI.engthsq.mlcfsft.Susquehanna River9,000644702,000(Tunnel)MeshoppenCreek1046437010,000781002108,000635030014,500Meshoppen Tunkhannock CreekCreekSouthBranchTunkhannock Creek40502203,800Susquehanna River8,500644609,000Susquehanna River8,000503507,000(Tunnel)uoQpeeeo~OI SiteNumberDrainaeAreaYieldfrom-Vnrresq.miSalemCreekT-00-08-2A 3.2Tributary toNescopeck Creek2.2SusuehannaReservoir StudSummaofProectsPondCreekP-07-29.6LittleWap-wallopenCreek27PondHillP-OD-07-I 1.2Tributary SouthBranchNewportCreek~P-OD-07-3)

RunoffPumpingTotalcfscfscfs05050050501634505405405050050503~toraeIor-RunoffPumpingTotalWaterSupplyInactiveEievations-TopofDamMaximumWaterLevelWaterSupplyLevelMinimumWaterLevelAFAFAFAFFt.MSLFt.MSLFt.MSLFt.MSL011,50011,5003,000895890885795011,50011,5002,0009159109058104,0007,60011,6002,00084083582571012,300012,3003,000850845830765011,50011,5002,000960955950870011,50011,5003,0001,0751,0701,065975Reservoir Area-TopofDamMaximumWaterSupplyMinimumWaterSupplyExosedAreaMaximumDrawdown~PnmInSourceDrainageAreaofSourceCapacity'ead PipelineLengthAcresAcresAcresAcressq.micfsft.ft.27523555180Susquehanna River10,500644909,00025521545170Nescopeck Creek163643402,00027020045155LittleWap-wallopenCreek29503052,00041030010020024023080150Susquehanna River10,000644703,00022020070140'usquehanna River10,00064~u735KR20;000~~

GravesPondCreekP-OD09-1Thisprojectwouldbelocatedonasmallrightbanktributary totheSusquehanna RiverinWindhamTownshipofWyomingCountyabout4.7mileswestoftheBoroughofMeshoppen.

Thelocationofthedamsiteandtheoutlineofthemaximumandminimumreservoir areaisshownonPlate2-3.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-4.Thedrainageareaabovethedamsiteis2.3squaremilesandistoosmalltodevelopanyappreciable yield.Thisstudyassumesthatalltheyieldwouldbedeveloped bypumpingfromtheSusquehanna Riverthroughashorttunnel(2200feet)tothereservoir.

Conservation releaseswillbemadetothedownstream channel.Apartoftheaugmentation releasecouldalsobemadetothischannelaslongasitscapacitywasnotexceeded.

Theremainder oftheaugmentation releasewouldbemadethroughthetunnelbacktotheriver.Theproposedprojectisbasedonproviding 13,500acre-feet ofstoragetoobtainanaugmentation yieldof50cfs.Iti.sestimatethatthecapability ofthesiteaslimitedbytopography isabout21,000acre-feet whichwouldyieldabout80cfsforaugmentation purposes.

Thereservoir issmallandcompactrequiring aminimumofland.Itwasassumedthattheexistingsecondary roadfallingwithinthereservoir wouldberelocated inordertomaintainexistingaccess.Nootherrelocation reauirements wereapparent.

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PLATE2-3i1.Rnnn3~lL)lll5MAXIMUMWATERLEVELly)p//OOIOTUNNELIpp))c>MINIMUMWATERLEVEL~~NegT0.POndICr//rO~OZ~'PgQ.~/0~'I/JOOI2SCALEINMILKSA(kX%kNXXh TIPPETTS-ABBETT McCARTHYSTRATTOII ENOINEERS ANOARCHITECTS'E'//

YORK,N.T,.+oIT0~~~r/'+SUSQUEHANNA STUDYI'IKXNM~~~))/El'LLM)'/

.ilGRAVESPONDCREEK~(P-00-09-j)IAn, l0X10TOTHEINCH+IXiOINCHESH2CaKEUFFH0ESSERCO.scaOCINOSA 460703300200100110100900.0 LittleMeshoenCreekT10-10ATh}.sprojectwouldbelocatedonLittleMeshoppen Creek,partlyinAuburnTownship, Susquehanna County,andpartlyinMeshoppen

Township, WyomingCounty.Thedamsiteisapproximately 1-1/2milesnorthoftheBoroughofMeshoppen.

Thelocationofthedamsiteandtheoutlineofthemaximumandminimumreservoir areaareshownonPlate2-5.Anarea-storage curveisshownonPlate2-6.Theproposedprojectisbasedondeveloping 14,000acre-feet ofstor-agetoyield50cfsofaugmentation flow.Themaximumstoragecapability ofthesiteaslimitedbythetopography isabout35,000acre-feet whichwouldyield140cfsforaugmentation purposes.

TheremaybesomebenefitstotheBoroughofMeshoppen forfloodcontrol.storage.Thisshouldbeinvestigated infurtherstudiesofthissite.Thedrainageareaof10squaremileswouldprovideanaugmentation flowof10cfs.Theremaining requiredaugmentation yieldof40cfswouldbede-velopedbypumpingfromMeshoppen Creeknearitsconfluence withtheSusquehanna RiverattheB'oroughofMeshoppen.

A1.9milepipelinewouldconnectthepumpsta-tionwiththereservoir.

Alternatively, pumpingcouldbedirectlyfromtheSusque-hannaRiver.Itisbelievedhowever,thatabetterqualitywatercanbeobtainedfromMeshoppen Creek.WhenpumpingfromtheMeshoppen, theflowbelowthepumpstationduringthecriticalrefilling periodwouldhavebeenabovetheestimated longtermmedianflow.Conservation releaseswouldbemadetothedownstream channel.Aug-mentation releasescouldbemadetothechannelalso,orviathepiplinetotheriver.Thereservoir islongandnarrowandwouldbackwaterupalmosttoCar-linsPond.Landrequirements wouldnotbeextensive.

Thetwotransmission linescrossingthereservoir wouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclear-ancerequiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Itwasassumedthatthesecondary roadattheupperendofthereservoir wouldbestraightened andanewbrdigecon-structed.

Accessinandaroundtheprojectwouldbemaintained bytheexistingroadsoutsidethereservoir.

p0Ij444raooooori'==0~lxi.r4/~5=aoaooatoologyQ~O~aoooa~o4oo~~~~~CONSTRUCT BRIDGE~ORCULUERT"::0-.67!fyaa~g(::ICPCS~V>gw&4IliiSUSQUEHANNA STUDYLITTLEt4'IESHOPPEN CREEK(T-IO-IO-A)nSCALE9.%(L~~(IIPPEaTS-ASSEiZ-A, IH+E10XIOTOTHEINCH~1XIOINCHESCaKEUFFEIAESSERCO.~ls05A460703400300200100920900880860840820.10121416 RileCreekSCS10-17AThisprojectisonatributary oftheWestBranchoftheMeshoppen Creek.ItislocatedmostlyinAuburnTownshipinSusque-hannaCounty.AsmallportionisinMeshoppen TownshipinWyomingCounty.Thedamsiteisabout3-1/2milesbyroadnortheast oftheBoroughofMeshoppen.

Thelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthemaximumandminimumreservoir areaisshownonPlate2-7.Anarea-storagecurveisshownonPlate2-8.Thepossibility ofproviding somefloodcontrolstoragefortheBoroughofMeshoppen existsatthissitealso.Againitshouldbeinvestigated iffurtherstudiesofthissiteareconsidered.

Thedrainageareaabovethedamsiteis17.5squaremiles.Approximately 21cfsoftheSOcfsaugmentation flowwouldbedeveloped fromthedrainagearea.Theremaining 29cfswouldbedeveloped frompumpingfromMeshoppen Creekattheconfluence withtheWestBranchthroughapipeline1.Smileslong.Whenpumping,theflowsintheMeshoppen wouldnotbereducedbelowtheestimated long-term medianflowatthepumpingsite.Itisestimated thatthedownstream channelhassufficient capacitytoconveyallreservoir releasestotheSusquehanna River.PumpingfromtheWestBranchofMeshoppen Creekisanalternative.

However,duringthecriticalrefilling period,theflowpastthepumpstationwouldhave'attimesbeenreducedtotheminimumre-quiredforconservation purposes.

Thereservoir islongandnarrowconsisting ofbothfarmlandandsecondgrowthundeveloped areas.Landrequirements arenotextensive.

Accessthroughout theareawould bemaintained bytheexistingroadnetworkandasmalllengthofrelocated secondary roadontherightbankjustnorthofthedamsite.Thetwoexistingtransmission lineswouldberaisedtopro-videnotlessthantheminimumclearance requiredabovethemaximumreser-voirlevel.2-7 t<a<SIC>c!

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10X10TOTHEINCH~1X10INCHES~PaKEUFFELdESSERCO.StlOCISSSE46070380070060050040030020010010090800102030Storage-1000AF4050 ButlerCreekT-38-100A ThisprojectislocatedinHarfordTownshipinSusquehanna Countyabout2milesdirectlywest-northwest oftheVillageofSouthGibsononatributary totheNinePartnersCreekwhichisatributary toTunkhannock Creek.Plate2-9showsthelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoir andPlate2-10showsthearea-storage curve.Thedrainageareaof19.5squaremilesupstreamofthedam-sitecandevelopanaugmentation yieldof20cfs.Theremaining requiredyieldof30cfswouldbedeveloped bypumpingfromtheconfluence ofNinePartnersandTunkhannock Creeksthroughapipeline2.75milesinlength.TheflowintheTunkhannock Creekdownstream ofthepumpstationwouldbereducedattimesduringthecriticalrefilling periodtothemini-mumrequiredforconservation purposes.

Itisestimated, however,thatpumpingwouldhavecausedthistooccurinoneyearduringthe70yearsofrecord.Conservation releaseswouldbemadetothedownstream chan-nel.Augmentation releaseswouldbemadetothedownstream channelandbacktothepumpingsourceviathepipeline.

Innocasewouldthecapa-cityoftheexistingchannelbeexceeded.

Thereservoir areaislongandnarrowconsisting ofbothfarmandsecondgrowthundeveloped land.Landrequirements wouldnotbeex-tensive.Accessthroughout thevicinitywouldbemaintained bytheexist-ingroadnetwork.Itwasassumedthatrepavingtheexistinggravelroadontherightbanknearthedamsitewouldbeapartoftheproject.Nootherre-locations areapparent.

2-8

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IdlewildCreekSCS38-11ThisprojectwouldbeinCliffordTownship, Susquehanna County.Thedamsitewouldbeabout4.4milesdirectlysouth-southeast oftheVillageofSouthGibson.Theextentofthereservoir andthelocationofthedam-siteisshownonPlate2-'Ll.Thearea-storage curveisshownonPlate2-12.ThedrainageareaofIdlewildCreekabovethedamsiteis7.8squaremiles.About9cfsofaugmentation yieldcanbedeveloped fromthedrainagearea.Theremaining 41cfsneededwouldbedeveloped bypumpingfromtheEastBranchofTunkhannock Creek.TheflowintheEastBranchpastthepumpstationwas,duringthecriticalperiod,reducedattimestotheminimumrequiredforconservation purposes.

Itisestimated thatpump-ingwouldhavecausedthistooccuronlyinoneyearduringthe70yearsofrecord.A.pipeline 0.75milesinlengthwouldconnectthepumpstationandreservoir.

Conservation releaseswouldbemadetothedownstream chan-nel.Augmentation releaseswouldbemadeviaboththechannelandthepipe-linebacktothepumpingsource.Theexistingchannelcapacity, however,wouldnotbeexceeded.

Thereservoir issmallandcompactandwillnotrequireextensive landtakings.Accessintheareawouldbemaintained mostlybytheexistingroadsystem.Abridgeisincludedaspartoftheprojectforthesecondary roadcrossingneartheupperendofthereservoir.

Ashortrelocation ispro-videdinthevicinityoftheleftabutmentofthedam.Thebridgeisnowoutofserviceontheexistingsecondary roadupstreamfromthedamsite.Becauseexistingaccesscanbemaintained withoutthisroad,itisassumedtobeaban-doned.Nootherrelocation requirements areapparent.

2-9 g/277(gy)(/7/j//)/:,'(/'

!1PLATE2-11Ii/XNIfl(//ICONSTRUCT BRIDGE/ORCULVERT)l05/1gtP!//'/I(ffJ//MAIUMUMWATERi(t,,I,EI/ELiPIPELINE~/j($/iOjil/jgly!'iRELOCATEROAD,goOi0rriigr~jg'~xLN~~"rfti'USQUEHANNA STUDYii)l((j,'k(

4~n(/j'DLEWILDCREEK1/ce/(SCS38II)'."'""~.MŽ..WWW,.1li'iRESERVOIR PLAN/455 IIfI~<~NOh10X10TOTHEINCH+1XIOINCHESKEUFFEL0ESSEACO.VaOEW0EE46070310013012512011511010500506070 FaoCreekP-OD-10-1 ThisprojectislocatedinTuscarora TownshipinBradfordCounty.Thedamsiteisabout1.6milesdirectlynortheast oftheBoroughofLaceyville.

Theextentofthereservoir andthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-13.Anarea-storage curveisshownonPlate2"14.ThedrainageareaofFargoCreekabovethedamsiteis4.3squaremileswhichistoosmalltodevelopasubstantial naturalyield.Forthisstudyitwasassumedthattheprojectyieldwasdeveloped bypump-ingfromtheSusquehanna Riverneartheconfluence withTuscarora Creek.Apipeline1.7mileslongwouldconnectthepumpstationwiththereservoir.

Theconservation releaseandpossiblypartoftheaugmentation releasewouldbemadetothedownstream channel.Thecapacityofthischannel,however,wouldnotbeexceeded.

Theremainder oftheaugmentation re-leasewouldbemadeviathepipelinetotheriver.Thissiterequiresalargerthanusualdamtodevelopthere-quiredstorage.Thereservoir iskongandnarrow.Landrequirements wouldnotbeextensive.

Thelandappearstobepartfarmandpartsecondgrowthun-developed lands.Accessisprovidedbytheexistingsecondary roadsystem.Abridgeattheupperendofthereservoir isincludedaspartoftheproject.Twoexistingtransmission linescrossingthereservoirs wouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclearance requiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Nootherrelocations areapparent.

2-10 Qo'IC7PLATE2-l$CONSTRUCT BRIDGE/ORCULVERTyr(~pMAXIMUMWATERLVIELIRAISEEXISTINGiCZ.'~ZZZI/rl/l'J JVQ))TRANSMISSION LINEI?J',,MINIMUMWATERLEVEL5.ahPIPLINEE05CAI.ElNRRII.E5dRReTIPPETTS-ABBETT-McCARTHY STRATTONRNOINllRS ANDARCNIYRCYS NRWYORK.N.Z..All8AC~%Xhe%XPUAIPSTATION0":.':,(SUSQUEHANNA STUDY~FARGOCREEK~(P-OD-IO-I)RESERVOIR PL'AN.

10X10TOTHEINCH'X10INCHESH0ECiiKEUFFEL4ESSERCO.SttttIWttar~46070330020010010009008002030 LaninCreekSCS11-7ThisprojectwouldbelocatedinSheshequin andWysoxTown-ships,BradfordCounty.Thedamsiteis2.6milesnortheast oftheBorough~rofTowanda(westendofHighway6bridge).Aplanofthereservoir andthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-15.Anarea-storage curveisshownonPlate2-16.ThedrainageareaofLaningCreekabovethedamsiteis10.6squaremilesandcoulddevelopanaugmentation yieldof10cfs.Theremaining requirements (40cfs)wouldbedeveloped bypumpingfromtheSusquehanna River.ThepumpstationwouldbelocatedonthebankoppositetheVillageofNorthTowanda.Itwouldconnectbytunnel(1.4miles),tothereservoir.

~Itisestimated thatthedownstream channelcanconveythereleasesbacktotheriver.Analternative tothechannelwouldbethroughthetunnel.Thereservoir islongandnarrow.Thissitewouldrequiremorelandtakingsthantheothersites.Theaccessintheareawouldbe.maintained overtheexistingnetworkofroads.Norelocations ofanykindareapparent.

2>>11 PLATE2-IS/40(p//j)8nMMGMUMWATERLEVELX/31w!ZOO(I',/g!(,IxLW(n0II'gOO//,~'),I).//,','I,"I~e/c3,,/(ig(il)(((~~~~(/'(Q/1)i./MINIMUMWATERLEVEL/(.I'J!POnE(!iQk<.')/(~)(y.(((II,SUSQUEHANNA STUDYILCc,i"iOO'.:.>>'<;nisi>;it,X

'Qnkii,LAMINGCREEK(SCS-li-7)n.~.nn.~.u<*imnemmj(//;;(RESERVOIR PLANj;(((/I,/'Ienn~~(I,/-~i~((BH835tSCAt.Ctttlitt.BB'.)tlTtPPETTS-ABBETT-McCARTHY STRATTON~Itl/,I/5/(I(3'F59PUMPSTATION("I IOX10TOTHEINCH+7XIOINCHESH'5<<5KEUFFEI.0ESSERCO.woEwesL4607031412100110010501000950900850010203040506070 SalemCreekT-OD08-2A)ThissiteislocatedinSalemTownship, LuzerneCounty,threemileseast-northeast oftheCityofBerwick(northendofbridge).Theextentofthereservoir andthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-17.Anarea-storage curveisshownonPlate2-18.ThedrainageareaofSalemCreekabovethedamsiteof3,2squaremiles,lstoosmalltodevelopanysubstantial yield.Thisstudyassumesthattheaugmentation yieldisdeveloped bypumpingfromtheSusquehanna River.ThepumpstationwouldbelocatedatthemouthofSalemCreekandwouldconnecttothereservoir viaapipelineabout1.7mileslong.SaiemCreekbeiawthedarnhaaalimitedcapacity.

Itisassumedthatmostoftheaugmentation releaseswillbemadethroughthepipelinetotheriver.Releasesforconservation purposesandpartoftheaugmentation needsnotexceeding theexistingcapacitywouldbemadetothedownstream channel.Thissiterequiresanextralargedamtoprovidetherequiredstorage.Thereservoir islong,narrowanddeep.Theareaismostlysecondgrowthundeveloped landandlandtakingswouldnotbeextensive.

Abridgeisprovidedforthesecondary roadwhichcrossestheupperendofthereservoir area.Thetransmission linewhichcrossestheupperendwouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclearance requiredabovathemaximumreservoir level.Nootherrelocations areapparent.

2-12 (i10X10TOTHEIFICH+0XIOINCHES8+2~EKEUFFKI.aESSERCO.NaOaWata.

46070340030020010009008007006500246101214161820 ibutartoNescoeckCreekP-35-1ThissiteisNescopeck

Township, LuzerneCountyabout4milessoutheast oftheBoroughofNescopeck (southendofbridge).Theextentofthereservoir andthelocationofthedamsiteisshownonPlate2-19.Anarea-storage curveisshownonPlate2-20.Thedrainageareaofthestreamabovethedamsiteis2.2squaremilesandistoosmalltodevelopanysubstantial yield.Thisstudyassumesthattheentireyieldisdeveloped bypumpingfromtheNescopeck Creek.Thepumpstationislocatedattheconfluence ofthetributary toNescopeck Creekandconnectstothereservoir byapipeline0.75mileslong.Whenrefilling thereservoir duringthecriticalperiod,theflowinNescopeck Creekwouldnotbereducedbelowtheestimated longtermmedianflow.Becauseofthelimitedchannelcapacity, releasesexceptforcon-servation purposeswouldbeviathepipelinetoNescopeck Creek.Twoalternative waterconductors wereconsidered.

Onewasa2.25milelongtunnelconnecting thereservoir totheSusquehanna River.Thesecondwasapipeline, 7.75mileslong,whichfollowsthealignment ofNescopeck CreektotheSusquehanna River.Thereservoir issmall,narrowanddeep.Theareaappearstobefarmandsecondgrowthundeveloped lands.Landrequirements areIInotextensive.

Amediumsizetransmission linewhichcrossesthereser-voirwouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantheminimumclearance requiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Apipelinecrbssingthereservoir areawouldberebuiltasanunderwater pipeline.

Nootherrelocations areapparent.

2-13

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PondCreekP-07-02ThissitewouldbelocatedinConyngham

Township, LuzerneCounty,onPondCreek,atributary toLittleWapwallopen Creek.Thedam-siteisabout7.5mileseast-northeast fromtheCityofBerwick.Plate2-21showsthelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoir.

Plate2-22isanarea-storage curveforthereservoir.

ThedrainageareaofPondCreekabovethedamsiteis9.6squaremiles.About16cfsofaugmentation Qowcanbedeveloped fromthedrainagearea.Theremaining requirement of34cfswouldbedeveloped bypumpingfromLittleWapwallopen CreekatitsconQuence withPondCreek.Apipe-lineabout1/2-milelongwohldconnectthepumpstationtothereservoir.

Conservation releaseswouldbemadetothedownstream channel.Augmen-tationreleaseswouldbemadethroughthispipelinetoLittleWapwallopen Creek.PumpingfromLittleWapwallopen Creekwouldhavereduceditsflowduringthecriticalrefilling periodattimestotheminimumrequiredforconservation purposes.

Itisestimated thatpumpingwouldhavecausedthistooccuronlyinoneyearduringtheperiodofrecord.Aialternative wouldbetolocatethepumpstationattheSusquehanna River.Thereservoir wouldbesmall,compactanddeep.Theareaappearstoconsistalmostentirelyofsecondgrowthundeveloped land.Theamountoflandneededforthereservoir wouldnotbelarge.Thesecondary roadwhichcrossestheupperendofthereservoir wouldberelocated inordertomaintaintheexistingaccessinthegeneralvicinity.

Thetrans-missionlinesnearthedamsitewouldberaisedtoprovidenotlessthentheminimumclearance requiredabovethemaximumwaterlevel.Thepipelinethroughthereservoir areawouldberebuiltasanunderwater crossing.

2-14 I7~((0IlI$(t'IJ!r.'NCASEPIPELINEHJX)i'l~/';I',,AI~l)ygai(,~p~Q'(

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~~~LITTIEWAPWALLOPEN CREEKSITEr'I(~IlIgl/il((lI,jri//r/~i.7/)/ll~-'0".r'.O((k,aSUSQUEHANNA STUDY~~~'.YR.XPONDCREEK(P-07-2)~'IOP'55CAI.CINIIIIE5~AS'///~~!TI'PETTS-ABBETT McCARTHTSTRATTON~+'~INOINIIES ANOAECNIIICIS

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~rr(..."RESERVPIRPLANIi~0r/r I:oM10X10TOTHEINCH+FX10INCHESgo@SaKEUFFELAESSEIICO.luaull05A.4607034003002001000900800700600020304050QrtII ittleWawalloenreekCS-07-8AThissitewouldbepartlyinConyngham, DoranceandHo?len-backTownships, LuzerneCounty.Thedamsiteisabout8mileseast-north-eastoftheCityofBerwick.Plate2-23showsthelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoir.

Anarea>>s'tnrage curveisshownonPiete2-24.ThedrainageareaofLittleWapwallopen Creekatthedamsiteis27squaremiles.Approximately 54cfscanbedeveloped fromthenaturalflowforaugmentation releases.

Nopumpingwouldberequired.

LittleWapwallopen Creekisclassified bythePennsylvania PishCommissioners agoodtroutstream.Therelease-refill patternesti-matedforthedesigndroughtwouldreducethedownstream flowattimestotheminimumrequiredforconservation purposes.

However,undernormalhydrologic conditions anoperating schedulecouldbeestablished whichwouldcomplement fishstocking.

Itwouldconsistofthefollowing:

l.Whenthereservoir isfull,releasealI,inflows.ThiswouldnormallycovertheperiodMarchthroughJune.2.InJulyandAugustmakeconservation andaugmentation releasesasrequired.

3.AfterAugustwhenitisapparentthathydrologic conditions arenormal,makeallrequiredreleasesandmaintainaminimumdownstream flowequaltothereservoir infloworthemedianflowwhicheverisleast.Storeallinflowsinexcessofthemedianuntilthereservoir hascompletely refilled.

Thissiterequiresanextralargedamtoprovidetherequiredstorage.Thereservoir areaappearstoconsistmostlyofsecondgrowthun-developed land.Realestateneedswouldnotbeextensive.

Itisassumedthatthesecondary roadwhichcrossesthereservoir canbeabandoned withoutaffecting existingtrafficpatternsinthearea.Thetransmission linealongtheleftrimofthereservoir willberaisedtoprovidenotlessthantherequiredminimumclearance abovethemaximumwaterlevel.Nootherrelocation needsareapparent.

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10X'l0TOTHEINCH+'IXIOINCHES8+5~EKEUFFELOESSERCO.

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460703800600400200090080070065010.203040Sa PondHillPOD-07-1ThisprojectwouldbelocatedinConyngham;Township, LuzerneCounty,onasmalltributary totheSusquehanna RiverneartheVillageofPondHill.Thedamsitewouldbeaboutonemilesoutheast oftheVillageofMocanaqua.

Thelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoir isshownonPlate2-25.Anarea-storage curveisshownonPlate2-26.Thedrainageareaofthestreamupstreamofthedamsiteis1.2squaremiles.Astheflowfromthisdrainageareaisnegligible, theyieldfortheprojectwouldbedeveloped bypumpingfromtheSusquehanna River.Thepumpstationwouldbelocatedabout0.8milessouthoftheVillageofMocanaqua.

Apipeline0.50milelongwouldconnectthepumpstationwiththeReservoir.

Analternative tothepipelinewouldbeatunnelapproxi-matelythesamelength.Theproposedprojectisbasedondeveloping 13,500acre-feet ofstoragewhichwouldyield50cfsofaugmentation flow.Themaximumstoragecapacityofthesiteaslimitedbytopography isabout25,000acre-feet whichcouldyieldabout100cfsforaugmentation purposes.

Thereservoir wouldbesmallandcompact.Theareaappearstobesecondgrowthundeveloped woodlands.Right-of-ways needsarenotex-tensive.Thereareapparently noroadsorutilities withinthereservoir requir-ingrelocations.2-16

"':-'>~""'t'"/'7'E'lfi(((I i(('//'/II/<Age&~'",/::

Pg//g<~c/g4..t,'ff((//(('/II,

~.Igl(II'($)l1r'///lj!lj//~'ii/

gpss~,/i///(/I14/BLN30(,/(]IIIiliIi-hi)jf,!i g///i11g/4~~~~I~l4~I~I'I~ii~(II(('INTMUMWATERLEVEZ,l<<00c~IJ4~~MNGMUMWATERLEVEL~/~a,I44I+paMcV;,4~~~~~(.'(4!Ii/i)r~lICALKNLITLKS~.4r/111>t11o))oAe+4/IIIIIIIIIII/IIII//~4SUSQUEHANNA STUDYePONDHlLL(P-OD-O7-I)RESERVOIR PLAN'AkA":~~"(cKTFPOTSAddETT-McCARTHY-STRATTON ENOINKIRS ANOARCNlTCCT5 g4rA'"LUH'41M((o3////E/..

/5<

r"~r-~IIIIi10X'10TOTHEINCH~7X10INCHES~EKEUFFEI.0ESSERCO.S~aSSa460703400300200100010090080075001020304050 TributatoSouthBranchNewortCreekPOD-07-3ThisprojectwouldbelocatedinNewportTownship, LuzerneCounty,about2.7milessouth-southwest oftheCitYofNanticoke.

Thelocationofthedamsiteandtheextentofthereservoir isshownonPlate2-27.Anarea-storage curveisshownonPlate2-28.Thedrainageareaofthestreamabovethedamis1.1squaremiles.Therunofffromthisareaisnegligible.

PumpingfromtheSusque-hannaRiverwouldbenecessary todeveloptherequiredyield.ThepumpstationwouldbelocatedontheSusquehanna RivernearthemouthofNewportCreek.Apipelinefourmileslong,following thestreamalign-mentwouldconnectthereservoir withthepumpstation.Normallyreleases, exceptforconservation needs,wouldbemadethroughthepipelinetotheriver.Theproposedsitenowcontains:a smallwatersupplyreservoir.

Itisadjacenttoanareawherebothsurfaceanddeepcoalmininghastakenplace.Thesurfaceminingextendsrightuptothedam-site.Theextentoftheunderground miningisnotknown.Thedamsiteislocatedoveranexistingwaterfall approximately 25feethigh.Anextralargedamisrequiredatthissitetodeveloptheneededstorage.Alsotherearetwolowareasnearthemaximumwaterlevelwhereweathering oftheexistingridgemighthavetakenplace.Furtherinvestigation ofthegeologyofthisareaisneededtoestablish thetechnical suitabilitY ofthissite.Aboringprogramwillbeneededtoestablish theextentofthedeepmining,waterhighnessofthereservoir, thedepthofweathering inthelowridgesandthedegreeoffoundation treatment whichmightberequired.

Thereservoir areaiscompletely undeveloped exceptforthesmallwatersupply'reservoir.

Landrequirements aresmall.Noreloca-tionneedsareapparent.

2-17

10X10TOTHEINCH+7XIOINCHES8+5iEKEUFFEIdrESSERCO.wotlaetA'60703rai40030020010001100100090095001020304050 CostConstruction CostAnestimateoftheprofectcostwaspreparedforeachofthereservoirs.

ThecostforeachsitearecomparedonPlate2-29.Theestimates arebasedontheprofectlayoutsdescribed above.Ingeneral,quantitytake-offs weremadeforthelargeconstruction items(including landsandrelocations) andextendedwithappropriate unitprices.Thecostforthesmalleritemswhichcouldnotbereadilyestimated wasincludedintheunitprices.Theunitpricesreflectrecentexperience withsimilartypesofprofectswithinthenortheastern regionoftheUnitedStates.Thefollowing allowances wereaddedtoobtainprofectcost:AnnualCostContingencies Engineering, legalandothercostsincurredbytheownerInterestduringconstruction 2S%10/oTheannualcostofoperation, maintenance andamortization oftheprofectcostwerecomputedforeachreservoir.

ThesecostsarecomparedinPlate2-29Thefactorsusedinestimating thesecostsareoutlfnedinFigure1.ThemethodusedfortheestimateissimilartothatgivenintheFederal'ower Commission's publication "Hydroelectric PowerEvaluation, Supplement No.1."Variableoperation andmaintenance costsforpumpingstationswerebasedonthefollowing datawhichissimilartodataforhydroelectric plantsgivenintheFPCpublication (Table37).Thatdatahasbeenincreased by50%toreflectpriceincreases.

2-18 FIGURE1ANNUALCOSTFACTORSItemLandandRelocations CostofMoney)Depreciation

)Operation, Maintenance, Insurance

)Taxes(LocalandFederal))AnnualRateasaPercentofInitialCost17S~/CivilWorksCostofMoneyDepreciation Insurance andInterimReplacements Operation andMaintenance

~Taxes(LocalandFederal)')))))))17.S%PumStationCostofMoneyDepreciation Insurance andInterimReplacement Taxes(LocalandFederal)Operation andMaintenance PowerCost17.5/oVariableVairable Installed CapacityilowattsAnnualExpensesExcluding EnergyCostsforOperation Dollarserkilowattofinstalled caacit25005000750010000150002000014.7011F807'0F504.203.80Theannualpowercostforeachpump-inreservoir wasbasedonoperating thepumpstation,":arr theaverage,onemontheachyear.In-cludedinthisaverageisthepumpingnecessary torefillthereservoir eachyear,andanallowance forscheduled operation formaintenance purposes.

Anaverageenergycostof$0.025perkilowatthourwasassumed.2-19 SusuehannaReservoir StudSummaofCostsProectCostGravesPondCreekP-OD-09-1 LittleMeshoppen CreekT<<10-10ARileyCreekSCS-10-17A IdlewildButlerCreekCreekFargoCreekP-OD-10-1 LaningCreekLandandLandRights$1,060,000

$1,240,000

$1,680,000

$2,300,000

$840,000$9/0,000$1,3S0,000 RelocationsDamSpillwayServiceOutletPumpstation 800,0008,422,000 2,054,000 2,600,000 3,200,000 Miseellaneous1800000Tunneland/orPipeline1,6S0,000 2,350,000 16000002,430,000 1800000990,0001,220,000 4,375,000 4,138,000 4,042,000 4,183,000 1,800,000 1,950,000 2,700,000 2,800,000 430,0006,240,000 4,440,000 2,030,000 2,000,000 3,070,000 600000250,0008,440,000 4,240,000 2,030,000 2,000,000 1,360,000 70920,00014,175,000 3,640,000 1,800,0003,100,000 2,190,000 100,0008,111,000 4,798,000 2,500,000 2,200,000 5,250,000 SubtotalContingencies, etc.21,586,000 lo51400019,097,000950300020,200,000 22,110,000 20,87n,ooo 29,095,000 26,539,000-000000Total$32,100,000

$28,600,000

$30,300,000

$32,200,000

$31,300,000

$43,700,000

$39,900,000 AnnualCostTotalPumping$5,750,000

$4,960,000

$5,390,000

$5,870,000

$5,560,000

$72,000$57,000$40,000$36,000$32,000$7,77o,ooo

$7,o8o,ooo

$70,000$36,000Ql0I SusuehannaReservoir StudSummaofCostPro'ectCostSalemCreek(T-OD-08-2A)

Tributary toNescopeckCreekP-35-1PondCreekP-07-2LittleWapwallopenCreekPondHilli-Tributary toSouthBranchNewportCreekP-OD-07-3 LandandLandRightsRelocations DamSpillwayServiceOutletPumpstationTunneland/orPipelineMiscellaneous SubtotalContingencies, etc.750,000560,0001,600,000 500,00016,350,000 11,860,000 14,820,000 10,427,000 5,631,000 1,500,000 2,650,000 2,250,000 3,200,000 2,190,000 2,460,000 5,339,000 3,150,000 3,250,000 2,700,000 2,000,000 1,310,000 910,000264000020000002400000194000050,0008,955,000 2,920,000 2,700,000 3,200,000 1,130,000 190000031,090,000 24,890,000 30,989,000 21,028,000 22,015,000 155100001241000015,111,000 10,072,000 10985000$1,060,000

$850,000$'70,000$1,030,000

$1,160,000

$680,00050,00014,417,000 3,146,000 2,250,000 4,000,000 3,950,000 260000031,093,000 15607000Total$45,600,000

$37,300i000

$46,100,000

$31,100,000

$33,000,000

$46,700,000 AnnualCostTotalPumping$8,280,000

$6,590,000

$8,180,000

$5,450,000

$5,920,000

$8,210,000

$76,000$528000$46,000$--$72,000$112,000 CHAPTER3TABLEOFCONTENTSIntroduction GravesPondCreekLittleMeshoppen CreekRileyCreekButleiCreekIdlewQdCreekFargo'-Creek LaningCreekSalemCreekTributary, Nescopeck CreekPondCreekLittleWapwallopen CreekPondHillTributary toSouthBranch,NewportCreekListofReferences Pacae3-13-33-53~73-93-113-133-153-173-193>>213-233-243-253-29 CHAPTER3'ISTOFTABLESTab1e3-1WaterQualityofPumpingSourceUpperSusquehanna SitesPacae3~273-2WaterQualityofPumpingSourceLowerSusquehanna Sites3-28 Chapter3ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Introduction Thisenvironmental assessment ofthirteenpotential reservoir sitesintheSusquehanna RiverBasinispartofascreening processtoidentifyaprimarysitewhichwillbestudiedindetailpriortotheQnalselection ofasitefordevelopment.

Assuch,thisassessment isnecessarily limitedinitsscope,anddoesnotattempttotreatanyparticular environmental factorindetail.Rather,onlythoseareasassociated withreservoir development whichwerefelttobeofparticular importance ortohavepotentially signiQcant im-pactswereidentified andbrieflyanalyzed.

Eachsitewasanalyzedaccording toelevenfactors:numberofresidential unitswithinthesite;amountofresidential development belowtheproposeddamsite;amountandtypeofagricultural activityaffected; agricul-turalcapability classiQcation ofsoilswithinsite;lengthofstreaminundated; qualityoftheaffectedstream'sQshery;waterqualityofthereservoir's watersource(thiswilldirectlyaffectthereservoir's potential waterquality);

poten-tialimpactonpumpingsource(withparticular emphasisonproportion oftotalQowtobepumpedandfisheryquality);

aqualitative judgmentofthewQdlifehabitatwithinthesiterelativetotheothersitesstudied;lengthandtypeofwaterconduit(i.e.pipelineortunnel)andcharacter ofareawhichwouldbetraversed byapipeline; andareaexposedbymaximumdrawdown(thisisdirectlyrelatedtothesizeandshapeofthereservoir).

InordertopreserveconQdentiality, thedataonwhichthisanaly-siswasbasedwaslimitedtothatcontained ineasilyobtainable publicdo-cuments.Alistofdocuments consulted ispresented inthelistofreferences following thischapter.Inadditiontoaliterature review,atwo-dayrecon-naissance wasmadeofthe13sitesinlateNovember, 1976toassessthegeneralcharacter ofeachsite.Twomajorassumptions weremadetofacilitate theevaluation ofthesitesconsidered:

a)BecauseofthedifQculties involvedinaccurately estimating totallandrequirements foreachsiteatthisstageofstudy,asitewasdeQned3-1 asthatareaboundedbythetopographic contourattheelevation ofthetopofthedam.Inallcasesthiselevation isfivefeetabovemaximumwaterlevel.Theelevations usedareshownonTable2-2..Itiswithinthisarea-thattheanalysisofsuchthingsasresidential relocations andlanduseisfocused.Aplanofeachreservoir showingtheextentofthemaximumwaterlevelisgiveninChapter2.b)Construction impactswereassumedtobeessentially similarforeachsite,withtheexception ofthewaterconduitroutewhichistreatedseparately foreachsite.Thefollowing descriptive siteanalysespresentabriefdiscussion.

ofeachsite'ssuitability forreservoir development.

3"2 GRAVESPONDLandUseandDeveloment.TheGravesPondsiteislocatedintheextremenorthwest cornerofWyomingCounty.ThesiteissimQarinitslandusemixtothecountyasawhole,withapproximately 30%ofthesiteareadevotedtoagricultural useandtheremainder wooded.Theagricultural activityislocatedintheupperportionofthesite,andismainlycropland.

Thegeneralized agricultural capability classification forthecultivated areaisClassIII,whichisthipredomi'nant classification forthissectionofthecounty.Theprojectwilldirectlyaffectatotalofapproximately 300acres,with90acresofagricultural landand210acresofforestareaimpacted.

GravesPondwouldaffectthegreatestamountofactiveagricultural landofanysitestudied.Theonlyresidential development inthesiteislocatedalongalocalroadwhichskirtsthenorthernedgeofthesite.Threeorfourresidential relocations mayberequired.

Thereareapproximately 5-8residences locatedbelowtheproposeddamsite.Mostofthesehomesareoveramileawayandthedamwillprobablynotbevisibletotheirinhabitants.

NaturalResources GravesPondCreekisaverysmallstreamwhichprobablyQowsintermittently duringdryperiods.ThestreamisnotstockedorlistedasafisherybythePennsylvania PishCommission Approximately 1.5miles,or50%ofthetotallengthofthestreamwillbeinundated.

Inthattherearenoobviouspollution sourcesinthedrainagebasin,itisassumedthattheexistingwaterqualityofthestreamisgood,withtheexception ofsomepos-siblepollution fromfarmrunoff.AllofthewaterforthissitewillbepumpedfromtheSusque-hannaRiver.According tothePennsylvania Department ofEnvironmental Resources, watersamplestakenfromthissectionoftheRiverconsistently 3-3 containexcessesoftotaldissolved solidsandiron,andtheoneobservation avaQableshowsaveryhightotalcoliformlevel.Basedonthisinformation thewaterqualityoftheriverinthisareacouldbetermedfairtogood(seeTable3-1).Pumpingatthissitewillneverexceed7%oftheQowintheSusquehanna, andatmosttimesitwealbemuchlessthanthis.Wildlifehabitatatthissiteisofaboutaveragequalitywhencomparedwiththeothersitessurveyed.

OtherFactorsThewaterwillbepumpedfromtheriverthroughatunnel;thus,theimpactsofconstructing thewaterconduitwillberelatively minor.DrawdownatGravesPondisaboutaverageforthesitesstudied,with180acresofthetotalinundated areaexposedinamaximumyear.3<<4 LITTLEMESHOPPEN CREEK'~~LLandUseandDevelomentLittleMeshoppen Creekislocatedinnorthwestern WyomingCountyandextendsintosouthwestern Susquehanna County.Thesiteisinamixedagricultural andwoodedareasimilartoGravesPond,withapprox-imately40-50%ofthewatershed devotedtoactiveagricultural use.Thesiteitself,however,ismuchmorewoodedincharacter, withonlyabout5%ofthesiteundercultivation.

Thesiteisinalongandnarrowvalley,whichfollowsthecreekforapproximately 2.5miles.Thevalleyfloorismixedwoodlandandoldfieldswithvalleywallsmainlywooded.Approximately 370acresoflandwouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisprojectand,ofthis,onlyanestimated 20acresisunderactivecultivation.

Thelandwithinthesiteispredominantly (80%)ClassIV-VIIIagricultural capability, whichisconsidered landofpoorproductivity.

Thereis,however,asmallsection(20%)oftheupperendofthesitewhichisratedClassIIandIII.Residential activitywithinthesiteislimited,withapproxi-mately4-5homesscattered throughthesite.Mostofthesehomesappeartobeformerfarmhouseswhicharenowusedasruralnon-farmresidences.

Thereisasignificant amountof.residential development belowthedam,with3-4homeswithinsightofthestructure andtheBoroughofMeshoppen about1.5milesdownstream.

NaturalResources LittleMeshoppen Creekisamediumtosmallstreamwhichisapproximately ninemileslongandincludesthreesmallpondsintheupperhalfofitsreach.Approximately 2.75milesofthestreamwouldbeinundated, butnoneofthethreepondswouldbeaffectedbytheproject.Thestreamwasstockedwithbrookandbrowntroutduringthemiddlefifties,butwaslaststockedin1958.Duringtheperiodinwhichitwasstocked,17,550fingerling troutwereplacedinthestream.Severalbeaverpondswereobservedalongthestreamduringthesitereconnaissance.

3-5 ThequalityofthewaterinL'ittleMeshoppen Creekisassumedtobegoodduetothelackofpollution sourcesotherthanagriculture initswatershed.

Approximately 80%ofthewaterinthisreservoir wouldbepumpedinfromMeshoppen CreeknearitsconQuence withtheSusquehanna River.Althoughstockingtakesplaceapproximately onemileupstreamfromthecon-QuenceoftheCreekandtheRiver,thissectionofMeshoppen Creekisnotstocked,andtheCreek'sQowwouldnotnormallybereducedbelowthelong-term medianQow.*WaterqualityinMeshoppen Creekatthispointisassumedtobegood,duetothefactthattroutarestockedintheareadirect-lyabovethepumpingpoint.Themixedcharacter ofthissite'swildlifehabitat,including thepresenceofbeaver,resultsinitsbeingclassedashavingsomewhataboveaveragewildlifehabitatrelativetothesitesreviewed.

OtherFactorsThepump-inwaterconduitforthisprojectrunstothecon-QuenceofMeshoppen CreekandtheSusquehanna, andisapproximately 1.8mileslong.ItwouldgothroughtheBoroughofMeshoppen, andmaycausesomedisruption totheareaduringconstruction.

Drawdownatthissitewouldexposeagreaterthanaverageareaincomparison totheothersitesstudied.Approximately 210acreswouldbeexposedfnamaximumyear.*Conversations betweenPP&LandthePennsylvania FishCommission indi-catethattheFishCommission believesitdesirable nottoreduceflowsindesignated troutfishingstreamsbelowthenaturallong-term medianQow.

RILEYCREEKLandUseandDeveloment'ileyCreekislongandnarrow,surrounded bymixedagriculture andwoodedareas,.withmostofthesiteitselfeitherwoodedorabandoned agricultural land.Approximately fivepercentor25acresofthesite's465-acre, direct-impact areaiscurrently undercultivation.

Thesoilsin'thesiteareaareabouttenpercentAgricultural Capability ClassIIandIII,andninetypercentClassIV-VIII.Residential development inthesiteislimited,withthreetofourhomeswhichmaybedirectlyaffected.

Development belowthedamisalsolimited,withonlyscattered residences betweenthereservoir siteandtheBoroughofMeshoppen approximately fivemilesdownstream.

NaturalResources RileyCreekisasmallstream,approximately eightmilesinlength,whichjoinswiththeWestBranchoftheMeshoppen Creekabout1.5milesbelowtheproposeddamsite.Approximately 2.5mQesofRileyCreekwouldbeinundated bythisproject.RileyCreekwasanapprovedtroutstreamandwasstockedfrom1932to1954,whenitwasremovedfromtheapprovedlistafterpublicaccessbecamedifficult becauseofposting.Thereiseveryreasontobelieve,however,thatthestreamremainsofgoodqualityandmaysupportsometrout.Thisisparticularly truegiventhecontinued stock-ingoftheWestBranchofMeshoppen Creek.ThewaterqualityofbothRileyCreekandMeshoppen Creek(whichwouldserveasthepumpingsource),isprobablygood.AlthoughnorecentdataonthewaterqualityofRileyCreekisavailable, thereisnoreasontobelieveithaschangedfortheworsesincetheyearswhenitwasstocked.Meshoppen Creekiscurrently stockedwithtroutinthestretchfromwhichwaterwouldbepumped.Itisratedasamediumquality,coldwaterfisherybythePennsylvania FishCommission.

Approximately, 65per-centofthewaterrequiredforfillingthereservoir willbepumpedfrom3-7

l1~~LoMeshoppen Creek;however,pumpingwouldnotlowerthecreekbelowitslang-term medianQow.WildlifehabitatatRileyCreekisratedasaboveaveragequalityforthesitesunderconsideration duetothe.factthatmuchofthesiteisuncultivated bottomlandwhichprovidesaverydiversehabitatwhenassociated withthewoodedhills.Arelatedfactoristheinclusion ofapproxi-mately50percentofthelandwithinandsurrounding thesiteinthePennsyl>>vaniaGameCommission Farm-Game Cooperative Program.Thepump-inwaterconduitforthisprojectwillbeapipelinerunningapproximately twomilestoMeshoppen CreekjustbelowthemouthoftheWestBranchofMeshoppen Creek.Theareatraversed islargelywoodedwithscattered residential development.

Etmaybepossibletofollowtheright-of-way ofalocalroadformostofthisdistance.

DrawdownatRileyCreekwouldexposeapproximately 225acresinamaximumyear.Thisisanaboveaverageamountofdrawdownexposureascomparedtotheothersitesinvestigated.

I3-8 LandUseandDevelomentBUTLERCREEKButlerCreekislocatedinthesoutheastern quadrantofSusquehanna County.Thissectionofthecountyispredominantly wooded,withsomeagricultural landscattered throughout thearea.Susquehanna Countyasawholeisapproximately 53%forestand39%agricultural land.Thissitecontainsapproximately 20%activeagricultural landwiththeremainder uncultivated bottomlandorwoodedhills.Development ofthissitewoulddirectlyaffectapproximately 450acresofland,including about90acresofactiveagricultural land.Theagricultural capability ratingofthelandinthesiteisestimated tobeabout50%ClassIV-VIIIland,withtheremaining landapproximately 25%ClassIIIand25%ClassII.Approximately fourresidences inthesitewouldbeaffectedbythisprofect.Downstream development islimitedwithonlyafewhomesscattered alongthevalleybelowthedam.NaturalResources ButlerCreekisatributary toNinePartnersCreek,whichinturnfeedsintoTunkhannock Creek.ButlerCreekisclassedasamediumquality,coldwaterfishery,anduntillastyearwasstockedwithbrownandbrooktrout.Itwasdeletedfromtheapprovedtroutstockinglistin1976duetoposting.Approximately twomilesor20%ofthetotallengthofButlerCreekwouldbelostbythedevelopment ofthissite.Approximately 46%ofthetotalwaterrequiredforfillingthissitewouldcomefromnaturalrunoff,andtheremainder wouldbepumpedfromTunkhannock CreeknearthemouthofNinePartnersCreek.WaterqualityinTunkhannock Creek(seeTable3-1)isgood.PumpingfromTunkhan-nockCreekwould,atcertaintimes,withdrawalloftheflowinthecreekex-ceptforaconservation Qowof0.15cfspersquaremileofthecreek'sdrain-agearea.Tunkhannock CreekisratedasahighqualitytroutstreamandisstockedbythePennsylvania PishCommission.

Thewildlifehabitatwasratedasbeingofaveragequalityandabundance attheButlerCreeksiterelativetoothersitesstudied.3-9 OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothesitethrougha2.75-mile pipe-linefromTunkhannock Creek.Thispipelinecouldfollowexistingroadrights-of-way formostofitslength,butitmayberequiredtopassthroughanareaofwetlandswhichhavebeenidentified assuitableforpreservation bytheComprehensive WaterQualityManagement P!anforthisareaNuchart-Horn, Inc.).DrawdownintheButlerCreeksitewouldexposealargerthan,averageareaforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately 225acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-10 LandUseandDevelomentIDLEWILDCREEKIdlewildCreekislocatedapproximately fivemilessoutheast ofButlerCreekinSusquehanna County.Thesiteissurrounded byamixtureofagricultural andforestedareas,butthesiteitselfisapproximately 90-95%forestoroldfields.Thisprojectwoulddirectlyaffectatotalofapproximately 330acres,withlessthan30acresofactiveagricultural landimpacted.

Thegeneralized agricultural capability classification for;thesiteareaisabout20%ClassII,40%ClassIII,and40%ClassIV-VII.Thereareonlytwotothreehouseswithinthesite,andthereisnodevelopment alongthethree-quarter mileofstreambetweenthedamandtheEastBranchofTunkhannock Creek.Thereis,however,scattered development alongthissectionoftheEastBranch.NaturalResources IdlewildCreekisasmallstreamwhichisnotcurrently stockedduetoitssmallsize(Pa.FishCommission, 1977).Itwas,however,stockedwithfingerling troutonatleasttwooccasions; oncein1938with1750browntrout,and.oncein1952with600brooktrout.Development ofthisprojectwouldresultinthelossofapproxi-mately2milesor50%ofIdlewildCreek.IdlewildLake,whichfeedsIdlewildCreek,wouldnotbeaffectedbythissite'sdevelopment.

WaterforthissitewillbepumpedfromtheEastBranchofTunkhannock Creek.TheEastBranchisamediumqualitycoldwatertroutstreamwhichiscurrently stocked,(Pa.FishCommission, 1977).Approxi-mately82%oftherequiredwaterwouldbepumpedfromtheEastBranch,andandinaworstcasecondition thiswouldresultinthewithdrawal ofallthestream'sQow,exceptaconservation Qowof0.15cfspersquaremileofdrainageareaoftheEastBranch.ThewaterqualityinIdlewildCreekisnotknown;however,theremaybesomepollution problemscausedbydevelop-mentaroundLakeIdlewild.

Available literature mentionsapollution problemintheEastBranch,butthelocation, severityorcauseofthisproblemisnotknownatthistime(Buchart-Horn, Inc.).3-11 WildlifehabitatalongIdlewildCreekisaboutaverageforthesitesconsidered.

OtherFactorsThewaterconduitforthissiteisapipelinewhichisveryshort(0.75mile),andcouldfollowtherightof-wayoftheeixstinglocalroadinthevalley.DrawdownatIdlewildCreekwouldbeaboutaverageforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately 185acresoftheinundated areaexposedinamaxi-mumyear.3-12 FARGOCREEKFargoCreekislocatedinsoutheastern BradfordCountyandislongandnarrow,withamixtureofagricultural landandwoodlands surrounding thesite.Landuseinthesiteitselfisabout15%activeagriculture, whichisconcentrated attheupperendofthesite,andtheremainder eitheroldfieldsorforest.TheupperendofthesiteisratedasClassIIIAgricultural Capa-bility,andthelowerportionisratedasClassIV-VIII.Atotalofapproximately 330acreswouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisproject,including about35acresofactiveagricultural land,and295acresofnon-agricultural land.Residential development inthesiteisfairlyactive,withapprox-imatelysevenhomesnowpresent,andseverallotsforsale.Downstream ofthedam,thereareseveralscattered residences withthevillageofSkinnersEddyapproximately 1.5milesbelowthesite.Inall,thereareprobablynomorethan20homesbelowthereservoir, withonlytwoorthreewithinsightofthedam.NaturalResources FargoCreek,atributary toTuscarora Creek,isapproximately sevenmileslong,andiscurrently considered toosmallforstockingbythePennsylvania FishCommission, (Pa.FishCommission, 1977).Thestreamwasstockedwithfingerling brooktroutintheyears1953-1956, anditispossiblethattroutcontinuetoinhabitthecreek.Approximately

2.0 milesofFargoCreekwouldbeinundated

bythisproject.AllofthewaterforthisprojectwouldbeobtainedfromtheSusquehanna; thewaterqualityoftheriverinthisareaisconsidere'd fairtogood,withhighironandtotaldissolved solidslevelsduringcer-tainperiods,andtheoneobservation available showingahightotalcoliformcount(seeTable3-1).PumpingatthissitewillneverexceedsevenpercentoftheflowintheSusquehanna, andatmosttimesitwillbemuchless.3-13 OtherFactorsThewaterconduitforFargoCreekwouldbeapipelinetotheISusquehanna.

Thispipelinecouldfollowtheexistingroadright-of-way forapproximately twomilestotheriver.DrawdownatFargoCreekwouldbeaboveaverageforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately 220acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-14 LANINGCREEKLandUseandDevelomentLaningCreekislocatedincentralBradfordCounty,inanareaofmixedfarmingandwoodlands.

BradfordCountyisdividedalmostequallybetweenwoodlandandagricultural land,with48%ofthelandareadevotedtoforestand47%toagriculture.

Thissiteislocatedinalong,narrowvalley,andassuchispredominantly woodlands andoldfields,withonly10%ofitssurfaceareausedforactiveagricultural cultivation.

Thesoilsinthesitearepredominantly ratedClassIV-VIIIwiththeareasurrounding thesiteratedasClassIIIland.Thesitewoulddirectlyaffectapproximately 330acres,orabout35acresofactiveagricultural land.Residential development inthesiteissomewhatmoreextensive thanmostsites,withapproximately 8-10homeswhichmaybedirectlyaf-fectedbytheproject.Severalofthehomesarenew,andthereisfairlyex-tensivedevelopment belowthedam.NaturalResources LaningCreek,whichisalsoknownasLittleWysoxCreek,isasmall,unstocked streamofapproximately 10mileslength.Theprojectwouldinundate2.5milesofthestream.Becausetherearenoapparentpol-lutionsources,thewaterqualityofthestreamisassumedtobegood,withsomeagricultural runoffpossible.

Approximately 80%ofthewaterrequiredforthissitewouldbepumpedfromtheSusquehanna River.TheSusquehanna atTowandahaswaterqualityproblemssimQar,tothosefounddownstream nearGravesPondandFargoCreek.Ironandtotaldissolved solidslevelsareconsistently high,andtheoneobservation available showsahightotalcoliformcount(seeTable3-1).Pumpingatthissitewouldneverexceed50cfs,orapproxi-matelysevenpercentofthetotalQowintheriver.WildlifehabitatatLaningCreekwasratedassomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudiedwithabundantdeerhabitatandseveralbeaverdamsobserved.

3-15 OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothisprojectthroughatunnel,andthuswaterconduitconstruction impactswouldbelimited.Agreaterthanaverageareaforthesitesstudied(2SOacres)wouldbeexposedduringmaximumdrawdownatthissite.3-16 SALEMCREEKLandUseandDevelomentSalemCreekislocatedneartheLuzerne-Columbia Countyline,inanareathatisamixtureofheavyforests,scattered agriculture andrela-.tivelyextensive urbandevelopment.

Thewestsideofthesiteisanactiveagricultural area,withpeachandappleorchardsextending downintothesite.Thesiteitselfislessthan10%agricultural land,however,withtheremainder heavilywooded.Thelandinthesiteispredominantly ClassIV-VIIIagricultural land,withClassIIandIIIlandonthesiteperi-meter.Approximately 275acreswouldbeaffectedbythisproject,orabout250acresofwoodlandandlessthan30acresofactiveagricultural land.Sixtoeightresidences inthesitewouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisproject.Thereisalsoextensive newresidential development inanareaapproximately onemiledownstream fromthedam.Theonlysignificant publicrecreation resourceinthesitevici-nityistheStateGameLandimmediately northeast ofthesite.NaturalResources SalemCreekisasmallstreamofaboutfourmileslengthwhichrunsfromLeeMountaintotheSusquehanna.

Becausetherearenoapparentpollution sources,itisprobablyofgoodquality.Itwasstockedinthelate1950'swithfingerling brooktrout,butwasdeletedfromtheapprovedlistin1961duetoitssmallsize.Approximately twomiles,or50%ofthestreamwouldbeinundated bythisaction.AllofthewaterrequiredforthisprojectwouldbeobtainedfromtheSusquehanna.

According tothePennsylvania Department of'Environmental Resources, theSusquehanna Riveratthis'oint suffersfromdepressed waterquality;withseveralparameters showingunacceptable levelsduringcertainperiods(seeTable3-2).ThevolumeofwaterpumpedforsitesinthisareawouldhavelittleeffectontheQowoftheriver,aslessthansevenpercentoftheQowwouldberemovedinaworst-case situation.

WildlifehabitatatSalemCreekisratedasaveragerelativetothesitesstudied.3-17 OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothereservoir througha1.7-milepipelinewhichwouldrunparalleltoSalemCreektotheSusquehanna.

Con-struction impactsofthepipelinewouldbelowifitfollowsthepresently existingroadright-of-way fromthedamtotheriver.DrawdownatSalemCreekwouldbeaboutaverageforthesitesstudiedwith180acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-18

~o~I-~o~~o~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~~~~~~~~oo~~~~~o~o~~~~~~~o~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~"~~o~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~1~o~~~~~~I~~~~~~0~~~~~~~

PumpingfromtheNescopeck wouldresultinthecreekbeingre-ducedtoits-long-term medianflowduringcertainperiods.Wildlifehabitatatthissiteisaboutaverageforthesitessur-veyed.However,muchoftheareaispostedasbeingownedorleasedbyanorganization calledWhitetaQEnterprises..

OthersectionsofthesitearepostedbytheTri-Township RodandGunClub.Thiswouldindicatethatal-thoughtheactualsiteitselfmaynothavewildlifehabitatofspecialsigni-ficance,itsproximity totheheavilywoodedNescopeck Mountainoffersgoodaccessfordeerhunting.OtherFactorsThepump-inpipelinecouldrunalongtheexistingroadright-of-wayfromtheNescopeck forapproximately 0.75miles,andwouldhaveverylittleconstruction impact.Drawdownatthissitewouldbeslightlylessthanaverageforthesitesstudiedwithapproximately 170acresexposedinamaximumyear.3-20 squaremileofdrainagearea.WildlifehabitatatPondCreekwasratedassomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied.OtherFactorsWaterwouldbepumpedtothereservoir throughashort(1/2-mile) pipelinewhoseconstruction wouldhavelimitedimpactsbeyondthoseassoci-atedwithconstructing thedam.DrawdownatPondCreekwouldexposeabout155acresinamaximumyear;thisislessthanaverageforthesitesstudiedduetothecom-pactnatureofthesite.3-22 tLITTLEWAPWVALLOPEN CREEK.andUseandDevelomentTheLittleWapwallopen CreeksiteislocatedonLittleWapwal-lopenCreekinLuzerneCountyapproximately threemilesabovetheCreek'sconfluence withtheSusquehanna River.Thereisnoactiveagricultural landinthesite.Thelandintheareaisapproximately 30%ClassIand70%ClassIV-VIIIagricultural capability.

Approximately 410acresoflandwouldbeaffectedbythisproject,ofwhichabout380acresisforestandtheremainder isdevotedtoasmallroadwhichcrossesthesite,asmallrecreational lakeonthesite,andanelectrical transmission line.Thereareapproximately twotothreeresidences inornearthesitethatr1aybedirectlyaffected.

Thenearestdownstream residences arescattered homes.approximately twomQesdownstream.

Tner'eisasmalllakeandpicnicareainthecenterofthesite.aturalResources LittleVlapwallopen Creekisamediumqualitycoldwaterfish-ery,whichisstockedwithbrownandrainbowtroutinthesectionofthestreamwhichwillbeinundated.

Approximately 2.25milesofthestream'stotal17.5mQeswillbelost.Thisincludesabout1.25milesofthetotalfour-mile stockable lengthofthestream.Inaddition, becausethiswouldbeaconventional reservoir whichwouldnotrequirepumping,t'neflowdown-streamofthedamwouldbereducedtoaconservation releaseof0.15cfspersquaremileoftheCreek'sdrainageareainamaximumdroughtyear.Thepro-posedoperating schemeforthisprojectisdescribed inChapter2,Page2-15.ThewaterqualityofLittleWapwallopen Greekisconsidered tobegood,withonlyminoragricultural runoffproblems(Buchart-Horne, Inc.).Thewildlifehabitatatthissitewasratedsomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied.3-23 PONDHILLLandUseandDevelomentThePondHQlsiteisprimarily

woodland, withscattered cul-tivatedfieldsalongitssouthside.Penobscot Mountainrunsparalleltothesiteonthenorth.Approximately 040acresoflandwouldbedirectlyaffectedbythisprojectandallofthelandwithinthesiteisratedasagricultural capa-bQityClassIV-VIII.ThelanddirectlysouthofthesiteisratedasClassIIIland.Thereisnoresidential activitywithinorbelowthesite.NaturalResources ThePondHillsiteislocatedinavalleyformedbyasmallunnamedtributary totheSusquehanna River.Thestreamisabouttwomileslong,andhastwosmallpondsalongitscourse.Aboutonemileofthestreamwouldbeinundated'by theimpoundment.

Thestreamisprobablyintermittent initslowandisnotclassedasafisherybythePennsylvania FishCommission.

AllofthewaterforthisprojectwillbepumpedfromtheSus-quehannaRiverjustbelowthevillageofMocanaqua.

According tothePenn-sylvaniaDepartment ofEnvironmental Resources",

theSusquehanna Riverinthisareasuffersfromdepressed waterqualitywithseveralwaterqualityparameters showingunacceptable levelsduringcertainperiods(seeTable3-2).Pumpingwouldneverreducetheriver'sflowmorethansevenpercent.WildlifehabitatatthePondHillsitewasratedassomewhatbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied,butitisverysimilartomuchofthelandintheareaanddoesnotappearunique.OtherFactorsApipel'ine runningfromtherivertothesitewouldberequiredtorunthroughaheavilywoodedarea,anddownasteepblufftotheriverforapproximately 0.5miles.DrawdownatPondHillwouldbelessthanaverageforthesitesstudied,with155acresexposedinamaximumyearoutofthetotal225-acreinundated area.3-24 TRIBUTARY TOSOUTHBRANCHNEWPORTCREEKLandUseandDevelomentThissiteislocatedinawoodedandswampyareaalongthenorthsideoftheheavilywoodedPenobscot Mountain.

Thelandwithinthesiteisdevotedentirelytowetlands, forestandasmallwatersupplyreservoir ownedbythePennsylvania Gas&WaterCompany.Thesiteisimmediately southofanextensive stripminingareaandthe.soilsarenotconsidered suitableforcultivation orotheragricultural use."Approximately 220acresofland(thesmallestofanysite)wouldbeaffectedbythisproject.Thereisnoresidential development inoraroundthesite,butthereisextensive development about2milesdownstream inthecityofNanticoke.

Thereisasmallsettlement knownasWanamie,whichwasbuiltbythecoalcompanyforitsemployees, about1/2milenorthofthereservoir.

Thisvillageiscurrently listedasaStateHistoricDistrict.

NaturalResources ThestreamonwhichthissiteislocatedisverysmallandisnotlistedasafisherybythePennsylvania PishCommission.

Itisatributary tothesouthbranchofNewportCreek,whichisreportedtobeseverelypolluted.

Approximately onemileofthe1.5milelengthofthisstreamwouldbelost.AllofthewaterforthisprojectwouldbepumpedfromtheSusquehanna nearNanticoke.

According tothePennsylvania Department ofEnvironmental Resources theSusquehanna Riverinthisareasuffersfromdepressed waterqualitywithseveralwaterqualityparameters showingun-acceptable levelsduringcertainperiods(seeTable3-2).ThelocationofthissitenexttoPenobscot

Mountain, andthemixedwetland/woodland character ofthesitecausesitswildlifehabi-tattoberatedasbetterthanaverageforthesitesstudied.3"25 OtherFactorsThewaterforthissitewouldbepumpedthroughapipelinewhichwouldrunforaboutthreemilesthroughastrip-mined areaandalongNewportCreektotheSusquehanna.

Drawdownatthissitewouldexposetheleastamountoflandofanysitestudied,withabout12Sacresexposedinamaximumyear.3-26 TABLE3-1WATERQUALITYOFPUMPINGSOURCEUPPERSUSQUEHANNA SITESTunkhannock Creek-Rt.6BridgePA.DER-Quarterly, 1971-1974 S.Branch-Tunkhannock Ck/(mouth)PA.DER-Quarterly, 1971-1974 TowandaCreek-Rt.220BridgePA.DER-Quarterly, 1971-1974 PARAMETER Temperature (C)Minimum0.526.015.0MaximumAverageMinimum1.0MaximumAverage20.0Minimum0.5Maximum22.0Average10.8Dissolved Oxygen(mg/I)pHAmmon{aNitrogen(mg/I)Iron(mg/1)956.800.0309014.08.600.4001~10011.567'70.14631810.06.80.03Q10015.08,00.33052,0ll77.400.132228.29'6'00.030101317.301.3999,3001076.980.2611,375+3TotalColiform(coL/100mg/1){oneobsation)5,695Susquehanna River-Rt.309BridgePA.DER-Quarterly, 1971-1974 Susquehanna River-Rt.

92BridgePA.DER-Qunrterly, 1971-1974 Susquehnnna River-Rt.

6BridgePA.DER-Qunrterly, 1971-1974 Temp'erature (C)0Dissolved Oxygen(mg/l)pll0.511.06.6026.015.07507.512,47.011,0806F8022.012.28.009.7210.67'83.51106.6023017.08.4015.2812.67'2TotalDissolved SoL(mg/I)AmmoninNitrogen(mg/l)(oneobserv0.100ation)0.3001300,190(oneobie0.090ation)0.200720.1532040.1502381.3992160.798Iron(mg/I)1404,1001,167.12801,7801,095,71002,300957.5TotalColiform(coL/100mg/I)(oneobservation 23,940(oneobservation) 3,700(oneobservation) 8,985~Souroast USEPAQualityCriteriaforWater,1976IPenna.DERWaterQualityCriteriaeff.Oct.1976;Std.Methods,14thEdition1976~

TABLE3-2WATERQUALITYOFPUMPINGSOURCELOWERSUSQUEHANNA SITESSusquehanna Stvcr(Bt-Weekly)

Hescopeck Creek(Ouartcrty)

PP6LDats, 4/ll/68-8/30/72 VSGSData,10/2/74-9/23/TS PADEttData,1971~1974 t/MlnhnumMaximumAverageMlnlmumMaxtmumAverageMlnlmumMaximumAverageStandatdae, CommentsHardnessfmg/11Alkallnlty (mg/DIron(mg/1)Atumtnum(mg/1)Suspsroded Solids(mg/1)pH42,02loo0,02Ooo'o2dos279,067.03,0'osd912odTo412SooOod01034ooOo230.02$oo4.259oo17oo8,8$01ooSol46oo3~374O,ddd$2~1TooOo1004,23oolo41$7,45~ddModHardMlnoo20mg/10.3mg/ldr(uktngwater(EPA)nottoexceed1.5mg/1(DES)C0.2mg/1destrablet

>>.5mgndangerous to~quattclife,C80mg/)drtnklngwater6.0to8.$acceptabl

~rangeFecalCot(form(col./100mt.)Sulfide(5)Sulfate($04)Ooo12odOo2$222.$dooo390,021~ooooo3,068,0(oneohservstton) 60,0(ttL)(200forwatercontactC.OO2mg/1roraquaticotg.~'$Omg/1(OrdrtnklngwaterC.O.D.0g/1)B.O,b,Osg/1)Lead(mg/l)Elno(mg/))4,8OossTOolSo62,94ooOo8OooooOoolo3704o4O,033Oo12014,4So420.0073oo027(12mg/1typicalofgoodquality3S.Omg/1undesirable (o.osmonfordrtnktngwater(5mg/1lordrtnktngwaterChlorophyll ATemperature (C)Ooo29o417020,0001,00.0$727,0Oooldy13o2$4.$21~0Ilodeutrophic at>O.O)Omgn305ornotsors0than3oincreaseoverambient,Dissolved Oxygen(mg/1)Dissolved Solids(mg/1)Sod79ad14o20388odlood20doST,d54oo14oo298oolooss167o28,015ooloo$9Mln..4-$mg/1MsxooTSOmg/1absolutct SOOmg/1monthtyrange,~SourccstV.S.EPAOucllCrtterteforWater,197dtPenna.DEttWatauallCrttsrt~~lfecttveOct.l9'76StandardMethods14thEd.)976,J/SamplestakenatSusquehanna SteamElcctrtcStstton.QSamplestakenneerHunlockCreek(V.S.G.S, Statton85377l,QSamplestakenatBridgeonL.ft.40017lnHcscopdck

Township, Lus<<neCounty.3-28 LISTOFREFERENCES CONSULTED Buckhart-Horn, Inc.,Comrehensfve WaterualiManaementPlan,UerSusuehannaRiverBasinStudArea4,ReportpreparedforthePennsylvania Department ofEnvironmental Resources, Harrisburg, Pa.,1975.LuzerneCountyPlanningCommission, ExistingLandUseMap,Wflkes-Barre, Pa.,undated.LuzerneCountyPlanningCommission, FutureLandUseMap,Wilkes-Barre, Pa.,undated.LuzerneCountyPlanningCommission, LandUsePlanofLuzerneCounforTheYear2000,Wilkes-Barre, Pa.,'une1976.NorthernTierRegionalPlanningCommission, SusuehannaCountInterimLandUsePlanandInterimTransortationPlanTowanda,Pa.,March1970.NorthernTierRegionalPlanningCommission, Recreation and0enSacePlanSusuehannaCounPennslvania,Towanda,Pa.,May1971.NorthernTierRegfonalPlanningCommission, PhsicalFeaturesandNaturalResources WominCountPennslvania,Towanda,Pa.,March1969.NorthernTierRegionalPlanningCommission, InterimLandUsePlan,WomfnCounPennslvania,Towanda,Pa.,February1970.Pennsylvania Department ofEnvironmental Resources.,

PennslvanfaScenicRiversInvento,Harrisburg, Pa.,1975.Pennsylvania PishCommissfon, "Pennsylvania TroutWaters,1974"Harris-burg,1974.Pennsylvania PishCommission, "ChangesinStockedTroutWaters-1976",Harrisburg, Pa.,1976.Pennsylvania PishCommission.

StreamSurveyReportPilesofApprovedandUnapproved TroutStockingWaters.PleasantGap,Pa.1977Pennsylvania HistoricandMuseumCommission, "Pennsylvania Inventory ofHistoricPlaces"OfficeofHistoricPreservation, Harrisburg, Pa.U.I.II.Il,~llSusuehannaCountPennslvania,August1973.U.S.Department ofAgriculture, SoilConservation Service,LuzerneCounPennslvaniaInterimSoilSurveReort,1974I,IIIilPennslvanfaSoilInteretations, 1976.3-29 Chapter4EVALUATION OFSITESTABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTION.TECHNICAL EVALUATION ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION SELECTION OFSITES4-14-14-2LISTOFPLATESPlateNo.4"1Reservoir Environmental Evaluation MatrixFollows~Pa8No4-7 CHAPTER4EVALUATION OPSITESINTRODUCTION Basedontheresultsofthetechnical andenvironmental assess-mentsofthesitesdeveloped inthepreviouschapters, thesiteswerecom-paredandrankedconsidering physicalsuitability andenvironmental factors.Promthiscomparison, thesitesbestsuitedfordevelopment ofareservoir wereselected.

IaLEVAN,tfThetechnical assessment indicated thatexceptfortheTributary toSouthBranchNewportCreektherewerenoapparentreasonswhy'reservoirs couldnotbeconstructed atanyofthesites;ThispartoftheNewportCreekareaspayhavegeologicproblemsresulting fromsurfaceanddeepmining~'whichmakeitquestionable asareservoir site.Itisrecommended thatthisareabeeliminated fromfurtherconsideration.

Someoftheothersitesare,however,bett'ersuitedforreservoir development thanothers.Amongthemanyfactorsinfluencing suitability ofasitefordeveloping areservoir aretopography, hydrology, geologyandexistingfacilities.

Theseusuallyarefactorsaffecting projectcostalso.Accepting projectcostsasanimportant indicator ofthephysicalsuitability ofasitefordevelopment ofareservoir, thefollowing isarankingofthesitesfromthisstandpoint.

GoodSites(ProjectCostlessthan$32.0millionLittleMeshoppen CreekRileyCreekIdlewildCreekLittleWapwallopen Creek(ProjectCost$32.0to$39.0millionGravesPondCreekButlerCreekTrib.toNescopeck Cr.PondHillCreekPoorSites(ProjectCostgreaterthan$39.0millionFargoCreekSalemCreekPondCreekLaningCreek4-1 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUONEachsitewasevaluated onelevenenvironmental factorswhicharesummarized onanaccompanying Reservoir Environmental Evaluation Matrix(Plate4-1).Thematrixratessitesaspotential reservoirs relativetoeachother,andisnotasummaryofenvironmental impactsateachsite.Itis,rather,anassessment ofasite'srelativesuitability forreservoir development.

Thesitesareratedrelatively good,fairorpooroneachfactor.Althoughtherat-ingsarebasedonasub)ective

[udgmentastowhatconstitutes thedividinglinebetweenarelatively good,fairorpoorreservoir siteundereachfactor,anattemptwasmadetoensurecomparabQity betweensitesbyestablishing criteriaforratingthesitesoneachfactorpriortotheanalysis.

ThecriteriausedareshownonPlate4-1.Animportant pointtorememberinusingthismatrixisthattheenvironmental factorsmustbeexaminedindividually tocomparesites,andcannotbeaddedtodevelopascoreforasite.Althoughadecisiononselecting asiteshouldbebasedonallthefactors,oneortwofac-torsmayoutweighseveralothersinselecting orrejecting asite.Thisisafudgmentwhichmustbemadebythedecisionmakerbasedontherat-ingsinthismatrixaswellasthefactsandanalysespresented inthefore-goingindividual siteanalyses.

Eachofthethirteenpotential reservoir siteswasevaluated andplacedinoneofthreecategories:

CategoryIsitesshoulddefinitely begivenfurtherconsideration fordevelopment; CategoryIIsites'arepos-sibilities forfurtherconsideration, butdonotappearasfavorable asCategoryIsites;andCategoryIIIsitesshouldbedroppedfromfurthercon-sideration.

Thesiteswereclassified asfollowsbasedontheenviron-mentalevaluation:

CategoryI-Recommended forFurtherStud:-PondHill>>GravesPondCreek4-2 CategoryII-FurtherStudShouldBeConsidered:

-LittleMeshoppen Creek-RileyCreek-FargoCreek-LaningCreek-UnnamedTributary toSouthBranchNewportCreekCategoryIII-NotRecommended forFurtherStud:-ButlerCreek-IdlewildCreek-SalemCreek-UnnamedTributary toNescopeck Creek-PondCreek-LittleWapwallopen CreekThesiteswereplacedintheirrespective categories forthefollowing reasons:CateoIPondHillFromtheperspective oftheenvironmental evaluation, PondHillisthebestreservoir siteofthethirteensitesevaluated inthisstudy.ThePondHillsiteisratedasagoodreservoir siteoneightoftheelevenfactorsconsidered.

Development ofthissitewouldhavemini-maldirectnegativeimpactonpeople,existingorpotential agriculture, ex-istingstreamfishery,riverQowandaesthetics.

Thissitewasratedfairinonearea,character ofpipelineroute,becausethepipelinewouldextendthroughawoodedareawhichisclearlyvisiblefromtheSusquehanna River.Thepoorratingonwildlifehabitatresultedfromthesite'srelatively undis-turbedcharacter relativetotheothersitesstudied.Itshouldbeemphasized, however,thatthewildlifehabitatwithinthesiteisverysimilartomuchofthispartofPennsylvania, andassuchitdoesnotappeartobeuniqueinanyway.4-3 Thesignificance ofthesite'spoorratingonthequalityofitswatersourceisnotknownatthistime;however,thegenerally poorqual-ityoftheSusquehanna inthisareacouldaffectthequalityofthewaterinthereservoir, andthusitspotential asafisheryandarecreation area.Thissubjectwillrequirefurtherstudypriortothissite'sfinalselection fordevelopment.

GravesPondCreekThissitewasratedasagoodreservoir siteonfourfactors,including streamfisheryquality,lengthofstreaminundated, impactonwatersource,andimpactofthewaterconduit.ItwasratedasafairsiteIinsixareas,andpoorinonlyone-theamountofactiveagricultural landaffected.

Noneofthefairratingsaretheresultofseriousproblems, andalthoughthesitetakesthemostagricultural landofanysitestudied,itsdevelopment wouldresultinthelossoflessthan100acresofactivelyfarmed,ClassIII,agricultural land.Overall,theGravesPondCreeksiteisonlyslightlylessattractive thanthePondHillsite,andisratedasaCategoryIsite.CateoIILittleMeshoenCreekTheLittleMeshoppen CreeksitewasratedasthebestoftheCategoryIIsites.Itwasratedasagoodsiteintheareasofimpactonagriculture, qualityofreservoir watersourceandimpactonthewatersource.Itwasratedfaironresidential activitywithinthesite,'streamfisheryqualityandthecharacter andlengthofthewaterconduitro'ute.Poorratingsintheareasofdevelopment belowthedam,lengthofstreaminun-dated,wildlifehabitatandareaexposedbydrawdownkeptfromit;frombe-ingratedasaCategoryIsite.RileyCreekisverysimilartoLittleMeshoppen Creekinmanyrespects, nottheleastofwhichistheircloseproximity toeachother.4-4 Therearealsoseveraldifferences betweenthetwosites.TheseincludeRileyCreek'slessintensedownstream development, itshigherqualityfish>>eryandthepossiblenegativeimpactonMeshoppen Creek'sflow.Althoughitisdifficult toassesstherelativeimportance ofthesefactors,itappearsthatRileyCreekissomewhatlessattractive asareservoir sitethanLittleMeshoppen Creek,butshouldberetainedforfurtherstudyasaCategoryIIsite.FaoCreekFargoCreekisanaveragesite,withapoorsuitability ratinginonlythreefactors:residential

activity, wildlifehabitatanddrawdomm.

Ofthesefactors,residential activityisprobablythemostimportant; how-ever,thissitehasonlyafewmoreresidential unitsthanothersrated"fair"inresidential activity.

Theotherfactorsonwhichthissiteisrated"poor"arealsoimportant butnotmajor.Therefore, althoughFargoCreekisslightlylessattractive thanLittleMeshoppen CreekorRileyCreek,itisratedasCategoryII.LaningCreekissimilartoFargoCreekinthatitisratedas"fair"onanumberoffactors,butisnotrated"poor"onanyfactorwhichwould,initself,knockthesiteoutofconsideration.

Therefore, althoughresidential activityissomewhatmoreintenseatLaningCreekthanatRileyorLittleMeshoppen, LaningCreekisalsoclassedasaCategoryIIsite.UnnamedTributatoSouthBranchNeortCreekThissiteisratedgoodonsevenfactors,andpooronfourfactors.Thepoorratingsonwaterqualityofpumpingsource,development belowdam,wildlifehabitat,andcharacter andlengthofwaterconduitrouteareimportant enoughtoreducethesitetoCategoryII,butnotsuffi-cientinthemselves toputthesiteintothe"notrecommended forfurtherstudy"category.

4-5 CateoIIIButlerCreekButlerCreekhasseveralseriousproblems, nottheleastofwhichisthesevereimpactthatpumpingtofillitwouldhaveonTunk-hannockCreek.Theadditional impactsofthissiteonagricultural landsandwetlandsindicates thatthissiteshouldbeclassedasCategoryIIIanddroppedfromfurtherconsideration.

IdlewildCreekIdlewildCreekissomewhatmoresuitablethanButlerCreek,buttheproblemofdepletion ofthepumpingsourceremainsasaseriousdraw-backtothissite.ItisfeltthatalthoughIdlewildCreekissimilartoasitesuchasRileyCreekinmanyways,amoreimportant factoristhepotential probleminpumpingfromtheEastBranchofTunkhannock Creek.Thesedifficulties areevenmoreseverethanthoseatButlerCreekduetothesmallerdrainageareasinvolved.

Therefore, IdlewildCreekshouldalsoberatedCategoryIIIanddroppedfromfurtherconsideration.

SalemCreekSalemCreekisrated"fair"onseveralfactorsand"poor"onthree:waterquality,residential activitywithinthesiteanddevelopment belowthesite.Thesenegativefactorsplusthepaucityofgoodratingsarestrongenoughtoknockitoutofconsideration.

Itis,therefore, rankedasCategoryIII.UnnamedTributatoNescoeckCreekThissiteappearstobeafairsiteoverall,butissuffersfromaproblemwhichisnotshownontheselection matrix.Thatis,muchof'hesiteisapparently ownedorleasedbyahuntclub.Anorganization suchasthiscouldposeseriousproblemstoacquisition, anditisfeltthattheoverallfairsuitability ratingofthesiteplusthepossibleownership problemmakesaCategoryIIIratingappropriate.

PondCreekThePondCreeksiteisratedhighlyinseveralareas,buthasapoorratingonthreeimportant factors.Oneofthesepoorratings(i.e.,im-partonpumpingsource)couldbechangedtogoodifwaterwerepumpedfromtheSusquehanna insteadofLittleWapwailopen.

Creek.Thiswouldresultinothertrade-offs, however,aspumpingsourcewaterqualitywouldthenberatedpoorandcharacter/length ofwaterconduitwouldratefair.Thus,threeimportant areaswouldremainrated"poor"including residential activ-ity,waterqualityandwildlifehabitat.Inaddition, thereisastrongpos-sibQitythatpartofthissiteisastategameorrecreation areaofsomesort.ThisconQict,plustheotherfactors,bringsthesiteaCategoryIIIrating.LittleWawalloenCreekThissitehasoneveryseriousproblem:LittleWapwallopen Creek,atthispoint,isconsidered oneofthebeststockedtroutstreamsintheregion.Thisprojectwouldinundatepartofthestockedreachandseriously reducetheflowatcertaintimestotheremaining stockedarea.Mainlybecauseofthis.fact,LittleWapwallopen CreekisratedCategoryIII.SELECTION OFSITESThetechnical andenvironmental evaluations andtheresulting siterankingswereusedtoselectapreferred siteandtwoalternative sites.'AllsitesotherthantheUnnamedTributary toSouthBranchNewportCreekwerefoundtobefeasibleforreservoir development fromanengineering andgeo-technical standpoint, andnositewassocostlyastobedroppedautomati-callyfromfurtherconsideration.

Thefoursitesratedastechnically poorsiteswere,however,significantly lessdesirable thantheothereightsites.Theenvironmental evaluation ratedPondHillasclearlythemostsuitablesiteofthethirteensitesevaluated.

GravesPondCreekwasrated'econd,andLittleMeshoppen Creekwasratedthird.Basedontheenviron-mentalevaluation, andgiventherelatively smalldifferences incostbe-tweenthethreeenvironmentally topratedsites,thesesiteswererecom-mendedforfurtherevaluation withPondHillasthepreferred site.4-7 RESERyOIRDJVIRONMENTALPJ~'ATION MATRIXF~TE'.SlyE$Key:RatingasaPotential Reservoir RelativetoOtherSitesStudied-GoodReservoir Site-FairReservoir Site.O-PoorReservoir SitexCCCJ40cc0tucCtiltuCClilCJxtucc0tuccxC"CJIxcucuccCJ44YU00O0Ct<xltuaCJI4OiiieO2ccccsuc2xV4z020tutuucC0X4200u=0cC0elRESIDENTIAL ACTIVITY0.2Residences

-Good34Residences

-Fair06Residences

-PoorDEVELOPhlENT BELOWOAM05Residences

-Good6-15Resiciences

-Fair)15Residences

-PoorACTIVEAGRICULTURAL LANDAFFECTED025Acres-Good26-75Acres-Fair)75Acres-PoorAGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY OFSOILSWITHINSITEPredominantly ClassIV-Vill-GoodSignihcant AmountolClassIII-FairSignificant AcnountofClassIandII-PoorLENGTHOFSTREAhlINUNDATED 1.5mile-Good1.62.9mile-Fair)3.0mile-PoorSTREAMFISHERYQUALITYSmallllntermit tentFfowlUnstocked

-GoodOtherUnstocked Streams-FairStockedStreams-PoorQUALITYOFRESERVOIR WATERSOURCEGoodtoExcellent Quality-GoodFairtoGoodQuality-FairPoortoFairQuality-PoorPOTENTIAL IhlPACTONWATERSOURCENever1Vithdcaw MoreThanIo.oofFlow-GoodNormally.

FlovsNotReducedBelowLong-term Median-FairFlowsSometimes ReducedtoConservation Flow-PoorWILDLIFEHABITATy/ocse1hanAvecage(ForSitesStudied)-GoodAverageQualityIFocSitesStudiedl-FairBetterThanAverageIForSitesStudied)-PoorCHARACTER/LENGTH OF1VATERCONDUITROUTETunnel.orPipelineLessThan1.0MileLong-GoodPipeline1.0-3.0MilesLong-FairPipeiinehloreThan3.0MilesLongorPipelineofAnyLengthy/hichTraverses Sensitive Area-PoorAREAEXPOSEDBYDRAVVDOWN (150Acces-Good150200Acres-Fair)200Acres-PoorQ000000QQ06000900000000000@l0':,.GlCIl illi',qI'i~i,il