|
|
Line 23: |
Line 23: |
| Vertebrata I Class: Aves Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae SSubfamily: | | Vertebrata I Class: Aves Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae SSubfamily: |
| Sterninae Genus: Chlidonias Species: Chlidonias niger The black tern can be found from central eastern Alaska, central Manitoba and Ontario south to northern California, Colorado, northern Missouri and Tennessee, also to the lakeshores of northern Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York; winters spent from Surinam to Peru and Chile. Forbush & May, 1955.Biogeographic Regions: nearctic CL, (native Q); neotropical Q, (native Q,).Habitat The preferred summer habitats of the black tern are inland marshes and sloughs with fairly dense cattail or other marsh vegetation and pockets of open water. These wetlands are often shallow in nature. Its winter home is on the coasts of South America and it appears in considerable numbers on the South Atlantic and Gulf coast of North America during its periodic migrations, but all other times it a bird of the interior. | | Sterninae Genus: Chlidonias Species: Chlidonias niger The black tern can be found from central eastern Alaska, central Manitoba and Ontario south to northern California, Colorado, northern Missouri and Tennessee, also to the lakeshores of northern Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York; winters spent from Surinam to Peru and Chile. Forbush & May, 1955.Biogeographic Regions: nearctic CL, (native Q); neotropical Q, (native Q,).Habitat The preferred summer habitats of the black tern are inland marshes and sloughs with fairly dense cattail or other marsh vegetation and pockets of open water. These wetlands are often shallow in nature. Its winter home is on the coasts of South America and it appears in considerable numbers on the South Atlantic and Gulf coast of North America during its periodic migrations, but all other times it a bird of the interior. |
| Forbush & May, 1955;Chttp://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige.htm http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edulsite/accounts/informationlChlidonias-niger.html 1/23/2008 ADW: Chlidonias niger: Infonnation Page 2 of 4 Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland C..Aquatic Biomes: lake's and ponds; rivers and streams.Physical Description Mass 60 g (average) | | Forbush & May, 1955;Chttp://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige.htm http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edulsite/accounts/informationlChlidonias-niger.html 1/23/2008 ADW: Chlidonias niger: Infonnation Page 2 of 4 Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland C..Aquatic Biomes: lake's and ponds; rivers and streams.Physical Description Mass 60 g (average) |
| [Ref](2.11 oz)This bird has an approximate length of 9 to 10.25 inches and a wing spread of about 25 inches. In breeding season, this tern has a black head, neck and underparts with generally dark plumage. In the fall, it becomes lighter with gray wings. The young are a grayish-white color with dark patches on either side of their head. The tail is small and is only slightly notched compared with other terns. Its bill is very sharp and slender, shorter than the head; wings are long and pointed; and feet are webbed only to the middle of the toes.Forbush & May, 1955.Some key physical features: endothermic 0; bilateral symmetry QC.Reproduction Time to hatching 21 days (average) | | [Ref](2.11 oz)This bird has an approximate length of 9 to 10.25 inches and a wing spread of about 25 inches. In breeding season, this tern has a black head, neck and underparts with generally dark plumage. In the fall, it becomes lighter with gray wings. The young are a grayish-white color with dark patches on either side of their head. The tail is small and is only slightly notched compared with other terns. Its bill is very sharp and slender, shorter than the head; wings are long and pointed; and feet are webbed only to the middle of the toes.Forbush & May, 1955.Some key physical features: endothermic 0; bilateral symmetry QC.Reproduction Time to hatching 21 days (average) |
| [Ref]The black terns's courtship ritual is elaborate with much flying. Males often fly with fish in their mouth to attract females. They nest in small colonies in upland marshes and sloughs.Their nests can be found on muskrat bouse or floating masses of dead plants, usually over water 4 to 34 inches deep. The typical nest has 3 eggs that are laid from May to early August. Incubation lasts 22 days. The successful hatching rates of nests is very low because of predation and other disturbances. | | [Ref]The black terns's courtship ritual is elaborate with much flying. Males often fly with fish in their mouth to attract females. They nest in small colonies in upland marshes and sloughs.Their nests can be found on muskrat bouse or floating masses of dead plants, usually over water 4 to 34 inches deep. The typical nest has 3 eggs that are laid from May to early August. Incubation lasts 22 days. The successful hatching rates of nests is very low because of predation and other disturbances. |
| The young terns that do hatch leave the nests very early often swimming first, but flying within 24 days. Black terns do not breed until fully mature at two years of age.0http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/d istr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige. | | The young terns that do hatch leave the nests very early often swimming first, but flying within 24 days. Black terns do not breed until fully mature at two years of age.0http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/d istr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige. |
Letter Sequence Other |
---|
|
Initiation
- Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request, Request
- Acceptance, Acceptance, Acceptance
- Supplement, Supplement
Results
Other: ML062960009, ML063040075, ML063050355, ML063050363, ML063050370, ML063050590, ML063050595, ML063050608, ML063100474, ML063470607, ML070320537, ML070320542, ML070320564, ML070320567, ML070320592, ML070320601, ML070320605, ML070320657, ML070320662, ML070320667, ML070320671, ML070320676, ML070320680, ML070320719, ML070320721, ML070320728, ML070320733, ML070320740, ML070320745, ML070320756, ML070320784, ML070320787, ML070320791, ML070320802, ML070320803, ML070320806, ML070570480, ML070590453, ML070590456, ML070610479, ML070710153, ML070710154, ML070710155, ML070710159, ML070710161, ML070720347, ML070800414, ML070800420, ML070800423, ML070800434... further results
|
MONTHYEARML0802302892002-12-31031 December 2002 Pennsylvania Bureau of Radiation Protection, Environmental Radiation in Pennsylvania: 2001-2002 Annual Report Project stage: Other ML0802804772002-12-31031 December 2002 Information on Haliaeetus Leucocephalus - Bald Eagle Project stage: Other ML0802303352003-05-31031 May 2003 Lackawanna-Luzerne Counties, Long Range Transportation Plan for the Lackawanna-Luzeme Transportation Study Area (2003-2025). Project stage: Other ML0802303182004-02-24024 February 2004 Pennsylvania Game Commission, C. Fergus, Wood Warblers. Project stage: Other ML0802204462004-07-22022 July 2004 U.S. Census Bureau. Pennsylvania Quickfacts: Columbia County Project stage: Other ML0802204452004-07-22022 July 2004 U.S. Census Bureau - Pennsylvania Quickfacts Luzerne County Project stage: Other ML0802303142004-07-26026 July 2004 Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Traffic Volume Maps, Luzerne and Columbia Counties, 2002 Project stage: Other ML0802303242004-07-27027 July 2004 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Local Drinking Water Information - Pennsylvania Drinking Water Project stage: Other ML0802204562004-08-18018 August 2004 Riverlands Environmental Preserve - General Information Project stage: Other ML0802302562004-11-10010 November 2004 King'S College, the Pennsylvania Marketing and Planning Center, Excerpts Project stage: Other ML0802303322005-03-31031 March 2005 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Brownfields Cleanup and Redevelopment: Brownfields Cleanup Revolving Loan Fund Pilot Fact Sheet on Luzerne County, PA Project stage: Other ML0802303262005-10-12012 October 2005 Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Legionellosis: Legionnaires' Disease (Ld) and Pontiac Fever. Project stage: Other ML0802303172005-12-0606 December 2005 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Standards for Cleanup, Reuse of Hazleton Mine Reclamation Project Project stage: Other ML0802303342005-12-31031 December 2005 River Basin Commission, Susquehanna River Basin Commission Gis Program., Excerpt, Middle Susquehanna Subbasin. Project stage: Other ML0623501472006-08-15015 August 2006 Monthly Operating Reports Project stage: Request ML0626201572006-09-13013 September 2006 Application for Renewed Operating Licenses Project stage: Request ML0626904702006-09-14014 September 2006 August 2006 Monthly Operating Report for Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2 Project stage: Request ML0703206572006-10-0303 October 2006 Email from Allison Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703208032006-10-0303 October 2006 Email from Nash Regarding Consultation Letters on American Shad in the Susquehanna River Project stage: Other ML0703206012006-10-0505 October 2006 E-mail from Metz Regarding the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Data Assessment Project stage: Other ML0703206052006-10-0505 October 2006 Email from Moret Regarding the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Category 1 & 2 Issues Project stage: Other ML0703207982006-10-0505 October 2006 Email from Klementowicz Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Acceptance Review ML0703206672006-10-0606 October 2006 E-mail from O'Rourke Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703206802006-10-0606 October 2006 Email from Avci Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703208002006-10-0606 October 2006 Email from Davis Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Acceptance Review ML0703205672006-10-0707 October 2006 E-mail from Vinikour Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703205922006-10-0909 October 2006 E-mail from Monette Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703206622006-10-0909 October 2006 E-Mail from Lazaro Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703206762006-10-0909 October 2006 E-mail from Lagory Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703208022006-10-0909 October 2006 Email from Monette to Mullins Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0703205642006-10-0909 October 2006 Email from Wescott Regarding the Environmental Report (Er) Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other PLA-0061, September 2006 Monthly Operating Report for Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Units 1 and 22006-10-13013 October 2006 September 2006 Monthly Operating Report for Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Units 1 and 2 Project stage: Request ML0703208062006-10-16016 October 2006 Acceptance Review Checklist from Mullins Regarding the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Environmental Report Project stage: Other ML0629600792006-10-24024 October 2006 Maintenance of Reference Materials at the Mill Memorial Library, Related to the Review of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station License Renewal Application Project stage: Approval ML0629600602006-10-26026 October 2006 Maintenance of Reference Materials at the Berwick Public Library, Related to the Review of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station License Renewal Application Project stage: Approval ML0703206712006-10-31031 October 2006 E-mail from Quinn Regarding the Environmental Report Acceptance Review on the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Application Review Project stage: Other ML0629600492006-11-0101 November 2006 50 Mile Vicinity Map Project stage: Request ML0629600092006-11-0101 November 2006 License Renewal Application Review (Shpo No. 05-1588-079-A) Project stage: Other PLA-6133, Acceptability and Sufficiency for Docketing - Application for Renewed Operating Licenses Numbers NPF-14 and NPF-222006-11-0202 November 2006 Acceptability and Sufficiency for Docketing - Application for Renewed Operating Licenses Numbers NPF-14 and NPF-22 Project stage: Request ML0703207842006-11-0606 November 2006 Email from Franovich Regarding Questions on Consultation Letters Project stage: Other ML0630503632006-11-14014 November 2006 Request for Comments Concerning the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, License Renewal Application Review. Letter to Oneida Nation Wisconsin Project stage: Other ML0630503552006-11-14014 November 2006 Request for Comments Concerning the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, License Renewal Application Review. Letter to Eastern Shawnee Tribe Oklahoma Project stage: Other ML0630505952006-11-14014 November 2006 Request for Comments Concerning the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, License Renewal Application Review. Letter to Shawnee Tribe Project stage: Other ML0630505902006-11-14014 November 2006 Request for Comments Concerning the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, License Renewal Application Review. Letter to Onondaga Nation - Gonyea Project stage: Other ML0630506082006-11-14014 November 2006 Request for Comments Concerning the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, License Renewal Application Review. Letter to Mohican Nation Project stage: Other ML0630503702006-11-14014 November 2006 Request for Comments Concerning the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, License Renewal Application Review. Letter to Shawnee Tribe Oklahoma Project stage: Other ML0633302792006-11-15015 November 2006 (Units 1 & 2) Afternoon Public Meeting Project stage: Meeting ML0633302812006-11-15015 November 2006 Transcript of Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Units 1 and 2) Evening Public Meeting on November 15, 2006, Pages 1-46 Project stage: Meeting ML0632401502006-11-15015 November 2006 11/15/06 Environmental Scoping Meeting Slide Handouts Project stage: Request ML0630400752006-11-15015 November 2006 Request for Comments Concerning the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2, License Renewal Application Review. Letter to Tonawanda Band of Seneca Project stage: Other 2006-10-24
[Table View] |
|
---|
Category:Environmental Report
MONTHYEARPLA-7693, Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual2018-04-19019 April 2018 Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual ML18026A1712018-01-26026 January 2018 Applicant'S Environmental Report - Recreation Area Plate 10 ML18023A6762018-01-23023 January 2018 Statistics and Diurnal Variation of Meteorological Parameters for the Period 1973 - 1976 PLA-7390, Transmittal of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Report2015-09-28028 September 2015 Transmittal of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Report ML15146A0542015-05-11011 May 2015 NPDES Permit No. PA 0047325, Outfall 079 Fecal Coliform Excursion PLA-7001, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-70012013-04-24024 April 2013 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-7001 ML13109A0602013-04-10010 April 2013 Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report, Cover Through Page 2-19 PLA-6994, Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report, Appendix a Through End2013-04-10010 April 2013 Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report, Appendix a Through End ML13109A0612013-04-10010 April 2013 Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report, Page 3-1 Through Page 8-3 PLA-6718, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-67182011-04-27027 April 2011 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-6718 ML0802804382008-01-25025 January 2008 Fly Poison - Amianthium Muscaetoxicum ML0802804372008-01-25025 January 2008 Butterflies: Leonard'S Skipper (Hesperia Leonardus) ML0802801952008-01-23023 January 2008 Comprehensive Report Species - Bartramia Longicauda ML0802801942008-01-23023 January 2008 Comprehensive Report Species - Cistothorus Platensis ML0802801782008-01-23023 January 2008 Comprehensive Report Species - Neotoma Magister ML0802802162008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Bat Called Myotis Sodalis ML0802802152008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Bird Called Chlidonias Niger ML0802804222008-01-23023 January 2008 Ofgac Native Trees and Shrubs Database ML0802804262008-01-23023 January 2008 Pennsylvania Species by Watersheds ML0802804162008-01-23023 January 2008 Information on Endangered Species - Least Bittern ML0802805022008-01-23023 January 2008 Pennsylvania Game Commission State Wildlife Action Plan ML0802804192008-01-23023 January 2008 Information for the Conservation of Biodiversity ML0802804172008-01-23023 January 2008 Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program Plant Species List ML0802804282008-01-23023 January 2008 Keeping Invasive Plants Out of Forest Fragments ML0802801982008-01-23023 January 2008 Butterflies and Moths of North America: Occurrence Maps, Species Accounts, Checklists, and Photography ML0802804392008-01-23023 January 2008 Usda Information on Vascular Plants, Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts, and Lichens of the U.S. and Its Territories ML0802804352008-01-23023 January 2008 Biological Indicators of Watershed Health ML0802801972008-01-23023 January 2008 Butterflies and Moths of North America: Occurrence Maps, Species Accounts, Checklists, and Photographs - Northern Pearly Eye ML0802802202008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Bat Called Myotis Leibii ML0802804332008-01-23023 January 2008 Notes on Nannothemis Bella in Michigan ML0802804342008-01-23023 January 2008 Variable Climbing Caterpillar (Xestia Elimata) ML0802802222008-01-23023 January 2008 Newsletter from University of Michigan, Falco Peregrinus: Information ML0802802242008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Owl Called Asio Flammeus ML0802804602008-01-23023 January 2008 Information on Clemmys Muhlenbergii - Bog Turtle ML0802804672008-01-23023 January 2008 Information on Botaurus Lentiginosus - American Bittern ML0802801962008-01-23023 January 2008 Butterflies and Moths of North America - Occurence Maps, Species Accounts, Checklists, and Photographs - Pine-Devil Moth ML0802804832008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan Re a Type of Great Egret Called Ardea Alba ML0802802102008-01-23023 January 2008 Butterflies and Moths of North America: Occurrence Maps, Species Accounts, Checklists, and Photographs - Aphrodite Fritillary ML0802802142008-01-23023 January 2008 Butterflies and Moths of North America, Occurrence Maps, Species Accounts, Checklists, and Photographs - Baltimore ML0802802002008-01-23023 January 2008 Butterflies and Moths of North America: Occurrence Maps, Species Accounts, Checklists, and Photographs - Long Dash ML0802303362008-01-22022 January 2008 River Basin Commission Water Resources Management ML0802802262008-01-20020 January 2008 Information on Sciurus Niger - Eastern Fox Squirrel PLA-6248, Response to Request for Additional Information - License Renewal Application (LRA) Environmental Site Audit Followup2007-08-0101 August 2007 Response to Request for Additional Information - License Renewal Application (LRA) Environmental Site Audit Followup PLA-6185, 2006 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological.)2007-04-20020 April 2007 2006 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological.) ML0708004232007-03-20020 March 2007 Ohio Dept of Natural Resources - Life History Notes: White Sucker ML0708004372007-03-20020 March 2007 Pennsylvania Fishes: Pikes ML0629001612006-10-11011 October 2006 Supplemental Environmental Report for Extended Power Uprate. ML0626302352006-09-13013 September 2006 License Renewal Application, Appendix E, Environmental Report Through End PLA-6050, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-60502006-04-27027 April 2006 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-6050 ML0609603362006-03-31031 March 2006 Susquehanna - Proposed License Amendment Numbers 285 for Unit 1 and 253 for Unit 2, Constant Pressure Power Uprate; Attachment 3 to PLA-6002 Supplemental Environmental Report 2018-04-19
[Table view] Category:Newsletter
MONTHYEARML0802802202008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Bat Called Myotis Leibii ML0802802222008-01-23023 January 2008 Newsletter from University of Michigan, Falco Peregrinus: Information ML0802802242008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Owl Called Asio Flammeus ML0802804832008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan Re a Type of Great Egret Called Ardea Alba ML0802802162008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Bat Called Myotis Sodalis ML0802802152008-01-23023 January 2008 Environmental Report from University of Michigan a Type of Bird Called Chlidonias Niger 2008-01-23
[Table view] |
Text
ADW: Chlidonias niger: Information Pagel1 of 4 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology I---Structured Inquiry Searct Home > Kingdom Animalia P Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata
)>Class Aves > Order Charadriiformes
> Family Laridae >ý Subfamily Sterninae Species Chlidonias niger Chlidonias niger black tern Information 1Pctures Classification 2008/01/20 03:20:00-352 US/Eastern By Stephanie Null Geographic Range i Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum:
Vertebrata I Class: Aves Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae SSubfamily:
Sterninae Genus: Chlidonias Species: Chlidonias niger The black tern can be found from central eastern Alaska, central Manitoba and Ontario south to northern California, Colorado, northern Missouri and Tennessee, also to the lakeshores of northern Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York; winters spent from Surinam to Peru and Chile. Forbush & May, 1955.Biogeographic Regions: nearctic CL, (native Q); neotropical Q, (native Q,).Habitat The preferred summer habitats of the black tern are inland marshes and sloughs with fairly dense cattail or other marsh vegetation and pockets of open water. These wetlands are often shallow in nature. Its winter home is on the coasts of South America and it appears in considerable numbers on the South Atlantic and Gulf coast of North America during its periodic migrations, but all other times it a bird of the interior.
Forbush & May, 1955;Chttp://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige.htm http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edulsite/accounts/informationlChlidonias-niger.html 1/23/2008 ADW: Chlidonias niger: Infonnation Page 2 of 4 Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland C..Aquatic Biomes: lake's and ponds; rivers and streams.Physical Description Mass 60 g (average)
[Ref](2.11 oz)This bird has an approximate length of 9 to 10.25 inches and a wing spread of about 25 inches. In breeding season, this tern has a black head, neck and underparts with generally dark plumage. In the fall, it becomes lighter with gray wings. The young are a grayish-white color with dark patches on either side of their head. The tail is small and is only slightly notched compared with other terns. Its bill is very sharp and slender, shorter than the head; wings are long and pointed; and feet are webbed only to the middle of the toes.Forbush & May, 1955.Some key physical features: endothermic 0; bilateral symmetry QC.Reproduction Time to hatching 21 days (average)
[Ref]The black terns's courtship ritual is elaborate with much flying. Males often fly with fish in their mouth to attract females. They nest in small colonies in upland marshes and sloughs.Their nests can be found on muskrat bouse or floating masses of dead plants, usually over water 4 to 34 inches deep. The typical nest has 3 eggs that are laid from May to early August. Incubation lasts 22 days. The successful hatching rates of nests is very low because of predation and other disturbances.
The young terns that do hatch leave the nests very early often swimming first, but flying within 24 days. Black terns do not breed until fully mature at two years of age.0http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/d istr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige.
htm)Key reproductive features: iteroparous q; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate);
sexual 0.; oviparous C.Behavior This species is quite gregarious and usually nests in colonies; in its migrations the birds gather in large flocks. Its flight is bouyant and erratic. They are often observed hovering above marshes. When feeding, it circles low over foraging areas with slow, shallow wingbeats and its bill pointed down. The bird may then hover briefly before a sudden drop or swoop to the surface, next it dips its bill into the water or picks an insect off vegetation.
These birds have even been recorded chasing minnows cast by fishermen.
Parents are very solicitous when their home is approached.
They dart about screaming and make angry swoops at the head of the intruder, often striking hard with their bills. The young remain well to the south, not migrating north to any considerable extent until fully mature.Pearson, 1936; Dunn & Agro, 1995.http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.
edu/site/accounts/information/Chlidonias niger.html 1/23/2008 ADW: Chlidonias niger: Information Page 3 of 4 Key behaviors:
flies; motile CL.Food Habits During the breeding season, these birds eat insects and freshwater fish such as damselflies and dragonflies, grubs and larvae and other small mollusks.
The rest of the year, meals are usually of small marine fish. Some examples are anchovies, silversides and plankton.
The average fish taken during breeding season is 2.5 to 3.0 cm and 3 grams. Dunn & Argo, 1995.Economic Importance for Humans: Negative Humans approaching the nest of a black tern may come with a serious headache because these birds have been known to attack humans that come too close. Pearson, 1936.Economic Importance for Humans: Positive Black terns feed on insects that may be potentially harmful to humans.Conservation Status[IUCN Red List: [link]: Least Concern.US Migratory Bird Act: [link]: Protected.
US Federal List:[link]: No special status.CITES: [link]: No special status.State of Michigan List: [link]: Special Concern.As of February 28, 1996, the black tern is no longer a candidate species. There is no legal requirement to help candidate species, however it is in the spirit of the Endangered Species Act to consider these species as having significant value and to be worth protecting.
Candidate species are species which may warrant official listing as endangered or threatened; however data are not conclusive at the present time. The continuing loss of habitat due to wetland drainage is the main reason for the decline in black tern populations.
Reduced hatching success in the midwestern United States may be due to agricultural pesticides.
It has been recommended that marshes and sloughs used annually by black terns be protected for the birds and other wetland values. Black terns are a species of special concern in Michigan.Chttp://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/others/ndda nger/species/chlinige.
htm.Other Comments The blakc tern has been reported from the Pleistocene in dry lake beds of Fossil Lake, Lake http ://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Chlidonias-niger.htm 1 1/23/2008 ADW: Chlidonias niger: Information
ý, Page 4 of 4 Co., Oregon. Other names for the black tern are short-tailed tern, semipalmated tern and sea pigeon. Dunn & Agro, 1995; Forbush & May, 1955.Contributors Stephanie Null (author), University of Michigan.References Dunn, E.H. and Agro, D.J. 1995. The Birds of North America, No.147 (Excerpts).
http://www.acnatsci.org/bna/excerpts/blktern.html.
Forbush, E.H and May, J.B. 1955. A Natural History of American Birds of Eastern and Central Notrh America. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, U.S.A.North Dakota's Federally Listed Edangered, Threatened and Candidate Species. 1995.http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige.htm.
Pearson, G.T. 1936. Birds of America. Garden City Books, New York.2008/0"/20 03:20:01),995 U'S/Eastern
/To cite this page: Null, S. 1999. "Chlidonias niger" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.Accessed January 23, 2008 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Chlidonias-niger.html.
Disclaimer:
The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students.
ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe.
Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts.
While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control.Other formats: OWL Home , About Us : Special Topics Teaching About Animal Names Help Structured Inquiry Searci Report Error -Comment Sponsored in part by the Interagency Education Research Initiative, the Homeland Foundation and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support.©1995-2006, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors.
All rights reserved.tJNtvERnsrry oF MIC-ItGAN http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.
edulsite/accounts/information/Chlidonias-niger.html 1/23/2008