ML20247E549

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Rev 0 to Procedure TNP-QAP-VT108, Visual Exam
ML20247E549
Person / Time
Site: Trojan File:Portland General Electric icon.png
Issue date: 03/02/1989
From:
PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
To:
Shared Package
ML20247B932 List:
References
TNP-QAP-VT108, NUDOCS 8909150313
Download: ML20247E549 (40)
v • d • e


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hiemphis 1ksting Services, Inc. l 1 '

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FRocEDutt i: sEcTIom/FAtac1 APE qA APPlovAI, EEVIstoN i DATE AFF1cTED PREPARE) BYj ,

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c t . pecnridas imk-51mm ibe Musphis Testig services, The. (MIS) inspection 2:-- r.1 a ?-nw visual -4h of

, rnv le pcwer plant parts, systans, ocuponents and w-m L supports.

.2.0 gra i 2.1 2m applicability ei this su is. limited to the detecticn of indications by visual observation.

2.2 Dominations performed in accordance with this re . are intended to satisfy the vbual amminaticn requi.w,t. defined as vr-1/3/4 by the AsME Boiler ani Pressure Vessel Cbda, Mim XI, 1983 editicm, Sumar 1983 addenda.

3.0 DE7DTITICMS -

3.1 Lh14ty L A ccaditica that is snarf to his, construction ce, installation requi - m- ce pcoctica. Usually related to r avice or haeal%e examinations.

M ias: - Arc st=i.km en pressure e4% boundary.

- Cotter pins not spened.

- @ mr readings off scale.

- split washer net acapressed,. tr= =-ste thread

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3.2 Nuut.icn Detar.mstien d whicts is caused by usage, erwi w-.M damage, er age.

M les: - Cracted er defonal parts.

- carresicn ard erosien.

- strip threads.

- Icora bolting ce fastanars.

- D pty fluid reservoirs.

TNMPPVP-108 Revision 1 Page 1 of 19

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. 3.3 Evidence of Stress Att cheervation that tbs crsidition of the item or any Mrt thereof

'has or appaams to have P ancassively but, nc 1:o the autant of loss of integrity.

3.4 Imus of Integrity

%a ocedition idhere an itant is nob ;-C-- 4g or could not ;- ----

~ its intetidad funotriott.

Exatples - Sepeatted idelds.

- Debched mechanical ocenactime.

- 2:pt:y fluid zwaarvoir.

3.5 NcEhMye Examinaticas (N2)

'!be performance of any examinatica method, ocnducted to datarmina 4

the presence or absence of akrrnmHties withcut -,Lly 4-=% the intended function of the itant.

3.6 Relevant M 4*4ais

  • A canditicn ctuarved during a visual mansination that maquires a

, e_ Al exandnaticm, w tive measure, repair, replacement or analytical evaluation.

- 3.7 vr-1 visual Examination ,

x Examinations carducted to datarmine the conditiest of th's part,

+ J , or surface examined, 4w w4g such ocmditicos as cracks, wear, coe:esien, erosion, ce pbymical damage en the surfaces of the part or w - .t.

3.8 VT-3 Visual Ikamlinatica Examinations conducted to dotarains the general mechanical and st2mtural ocediticns of -----, r-L and their agpcets, such as tbs prenance of icosa parts, dahris, or abncemal corrnaism pra6+,

weer, arosian, A, and the ices af L'*dty at bolted er welded econections, 3.9 W-4 Visual Examination Exandmations conducted to " ^-- isse ocndities r=1*4ar to the G,-. ability of cepenstes ce dev2ces, otm21 as sectunical and hydraulic anubters, w A se,w, pumps, vsives, spriny loaded hangers, and ecostant @h hangasm.

dip-QAP-VP-108 Revisica 1 Paes 2 of 19

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, 1 4.0 nef5DCTICNS e :4.1'- Genstal amqui d ,

4.1.1 visual Emmtinaticrus aball be' yhrmed ard h==rstad cnly by omreif4m4 Imval H w Inves1 IU ;=- 1

. Mm Ir#;+51m 5 - 1 are 7=14fied and certifimd in accordance with MESH 3RM-300, " Training, 9-14 fir =*'m and Certification of Paracennl" and Mr5H3nM-soo, M=14f4=&4m 'i and certificatism of Visual Testing Personnel".

4.1.2 2e 21smeval of M4cn prM*= or paint is act rsquired F unless these ped *> would 4_ Mars with the amandnatim.

4.1.3 To allow for required resolutim, nat2xral or artificial '

lighting at the surface being examined shall be sufficient to see a 1/32" black lina.cm an 184 neutral gray caed.

4.1.4- only tha ===ible surfaces of bolting need be examined n h the bolting is installed.

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4.1.5 All surfams of bolting shall be examined when tbs bolting is zumcued.

4.1.6 visual examinaticas ;--. l shall have knowledge of all tolerances, settings anyor dimensions Inquired to be verified, prior to ; '-- % the summinaticut.

4 .1.7 . ' Eacti avamination area shall ist located e identified using the %,J,ated weld amp, iscastric drawinir, system M_n_ 4=vy d4w or cther approved doctaments.

L 4.1.8 Lw and safe access to the avm=4naticn area and surfaces shall include but nct be limitad to:

a. Removal of insulation and other barriers that pr-D*

"line of sight" ebservaticn of the required marfmans, such as the h*Me" of pumps and valves.

b. raMars, scaffolds, rangs, etc., which as a =4n4==

(except for pressure retaining boltirny in place) allcw

.- use of remote TWT.

4.1.s ne following examination equipnent er its ac;uivalent may l be used as r==rimi.

a. 56+ -_ - - .

l DGHlAP-VP-108 Revisicn 1 Page 3 of 19 j l

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b. Fiber c9 tics device.
c. Closed-circuit television systen.
d. Talaampa.
e. Im9ower 9 % lens (2X, 5X,10X) .
f. Mirror. '
g. Portable light sauron(s).

.h. camera.

i. Per4 v . ,

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j. 18% Neutral gray card.

-4.1.10- Examinations shall be conducted by either the direct or the remota technique. a 1

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a. Dia;ast technique may be ocnducted when accoms is suffie im* to provida the examinar with a lina of vision distance that is nct more than two feet frca the surfaos to be examined and, at an angle ett not less than 30 degrees to the surface. Mirrors may be used to inytwo the angle of vision.
b. Essgp tact @ may be substituta1 for direct by Wayin7 wQta am4==*, e as talascopes, L.%, fiber optics, cameras or other suitable instruments providad suctt systems have a r-h*4m Thility at least equivalent to that attainable by l df. rect visual examination.

4.2 VI-1 Visual Fv=mhatica 4.2.1 Perform a visual examinaticrs of the part, cenpenant co-surface as =;=r-4+4ed by At+w+==rtt 1 (VP-1 Examim*4-) of this rh.

l 4.2.2 Decord the results of the examination on At+w+==rst 3,

! Visual Examination Deport (Form VI') .

4.3 VP-3 Visual Fvambaticrt 4.3.1 Perform a visual examination of the part,1- =-i. cir

---wwt as ar=-4f4=d by Attactament 1 (VP-3 E$tminations) of this r. - two.

l TNP-Q@-Vr-108 Revision 1 Page 4 of 19

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'4.3.2 Dauminaticri may require the mammuruunant of clearanons, detection of physical d4 T-- 1 4., m.--?4m between Iced carrying structural members, the tightnans of bolting. ,

4.3.3 SW examination boundarias (See Attaement 2) shall be as defined by ASME Mim XI, IltP-1300 (Rafarence 6.3.1) . .

-4.3;4' Reccrd the reen11ts of the emaninaticzt en At+wemert 3, Visual 1Pw=m4mtian Esport (Ptxa VI) .

. 4.4 Vf-4 visual Deamination i

4.4.1 textanical snubbers shall be exandnad in asemedanos with PEr Attactanent 1 (VP-41heminatiens) .

4.4.2 Itydraulic snubbur shall be examined in + - - yjarcs with Atracfznant 1 (VP-4 Dominaticzis) of this ph.

4.4.3' '" spring hings that exoned the cold load setting tolerance shall be r- =--- Ned at operating +--==ture.

4.4.4 Record the results of the e$aminaticri en Attm+marit 3, Visual Examination Report (7tta VI).

4.5 malsvant ctxiditicris 4.5.1 Ralevant ccriditions (At achment 1) revealed by visual examination shall be recteded csl Attachment 3, Visual Examination W., and evaluated in accordance with Section 4.7, Evaluaticn of Results.

4.5.2 visual examinations that reveal the relevant ocnditicsis described in this sw.1xre shall be supplemented by surface er voltanstric eNaminaticais,1diere W441a, to deemmine the avtarzi of the cxxiditions and tbs need for

- 2.ivu uma=n us, repaizu, analytical ev=b=+4=, or W I ***1t.

4.5.3 %m ;_; _- W idboss axuadnations reveal relevant ceriditions shall be ure- .2 31= for contimed marvios until they have been reld or repaired, or have been demonstrated to inmet functiczial requirements i.lu.4 testing er evaluatien.

4.6 W a.ation 4.6.1 Vianal examinations shall be th==stad en Attachment 3, Visual Dannination Report (Faca VI) .

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'JNP-QAP-Vf-101 asvisicri 1 Page 5 of 19

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' 4. 6. 2 ' namnination results shall be recortled at hunarit Chpies -

cnly, as som as mihla followiry the examination, but not latar than.the erd of the shift.

4.6.3 c:spleted Visual mammittaticut -wi shall be zwiewed by '

an MDS la Tavel III ce designes.

4.7 Evaluatien of Results 4.7.1 Visual Damnination Depcats idlich identify relevant ccmdities will be fbruarded to M NEE Isval III fco-avaluaticrs.

a. 'ma MD5 NEE Invel III revirm the Visual Baumination
41. and upcn W*% of the reviav, the wt is sukanitted to the PGE ISI Coordinator for ex -^ nig in accordance with ==14=hle PGE site gh .

5.0: amensasaw 5.1 M25 QiL Bita F-,, =:-_- J.ative 5.1.1 uba M25 Q7L sita T _ - _ _Edlve is respcalsible for:

m. b.Jg enly certified permannel ;-- A - - visual examinatims.
b. n==w4ng r_+ two emlianca is =a4+a4y.
c. Overan di.rectial of the emandmaticri program.

=5.2 MDS NEE Inval III

5. 2.1- The MIS NEE Inval III is r+ ible for:
a. Tbs technical ocntent of tiis ph.
b. Reviewirg all Visual mannination Rapcets fee ccupletenses and accuracy.
c. Cartificatien of visual manninaticm m 4.

5.3 NEE Inval II 5.3.1 uba Mrs la Invel II is K+=1ble for:

a. Forfcenirq visual examinations and -i------ :15 the ramales en a visual ===inatien mapart (see Attatflment 3, ICCR Vf).

TNP-QiLP-vr-los asvisien 1 Plage 6 of 19

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  • '. b. Ent:aring the Visual taunbiat:dcr1 Mi raaber at the -l W4_a Tasting Services ISI T;-=,_ . Om Igg,
c. . letint:ainirq 1evel of <==14f4=&4m as a =r 4f4=e1 by the C mh1a 14 writ: tart prae +4e=.

I 6.0 : BRE1EDus 6.1 canni'anents Ncna.

, 6.2 Procedures i  :

6.2.1 PE3HH5, Machanical anubber Visual Elnaninstitra ard '

y Wie=1al Sasting.

'6.2.2 h7, Ilydran14e Sitabber Visual Examination and Fonctional Testing.

6.2.3 QAM-300, Training, Quam *icaticri and Carr4+#*4m of Personnel..

6.2.4, QAN-800, . 9=14f4catim and cal +4 74=*4m of Visual MN Deraamal.

{[ 6.3 other .

6.3.1 AsME milar and Prussure vammal code, Section 2I,1983

- Editicri Sh- 1983 Addenda.

7.0' M '

7.1 . AN 3, Visual Examinaticzt Raptet (7 ben ) and apportirq deciments are on ameneds duas m1*w, and-c,han be forwarded to the PGE 25I Oscudinator for procamsing in accatfance with PGE sita rh.

l DIP @P-VP-108 -

anvinien 1 Page 7 of 19

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i REIEVANT CEMDITICNS Yr-1_2xaminatices

, 1. The relevarre ccruiities idtich are described in the 911mr4m l l- . pp-j -G shall be recteded.  ;

a. Flange Surfaces
1) Cracks.
2) Curresicn/erosicn. . l
3) Galling.

4)- Foreign an+M=1=. 1 1

5) scratches on ===145 ard We surfaces.
6) Pitting (umssual er aimermal) .

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7) Wear en anting surfaces.
8) Dziications of e t-;.ing.
b. Pres === antaining nolting .

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1) Q.ack-like surface Gaws in vessel closure stasis ard i pressure Istaining *1 tim dutil not: mazend the frallowirx; lbmits: .

- rxmaxial flaws, 2/4 inches in lezigth q l

- axial flaus,1 inch in langth j

2) Mare than mas deformed ce sheared thread in the sans of the thread engagement; of bolts, sha$s, er : sat:s.
3) 1-14M general caczcsian that reckaces the bolts ce st:x1 w r IIM area.
4) Banding, twisting, or an% of bolta ce st:uds to the acetant that M1y ce dimessembly is japaired. -
5) Missing or loose bolts, staa$s, razts cc W. l Attadament 1 DEH3P-VP 108 Page 1 of 9 RsVisiAn 1 Peas 8 of 19 l

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6) Fractursi bolts, studs, m zuzts.
7) NAticri of WAT.ive coatings cri bolting surfaans.
8) Pridanoa.of coolant Isakage near bolting.

w 3 w4= Mens

1. Pipe Casings and valve arties
a. 'me following Islevant ocnditions ahn11 be recorded:
1) C:rrosicri or erosion that F- a notionable r **4~1 in the pcsssure retaining idall thickness.
2) waar of nating mzetacas that may lead to loss of function or leakage.

3)- . Any crack-like surfeos flaw.

2. O -- - -- A. Sw1.6
a. 'me following relevant conditicns aball be recorded: ,
1) Deformations or (whM e ; adaticais of fasteners, W, clangs, or other -

_W ites.

.2) Missing, datadhad, or icomaned =W items.

3)- Arc strikas, wald e , paint, soaring, e-f-- , or general corrosion on cicae talerance nachined ce sliding ,

mzrfaons.

4) Fluid loss beyond Wf4-4 limits or lack of fluid i iM4*4m (hydraulic ambbers only).
5) 4%- bot or cold positisms.
6) Bolting:

1

- Gaps under head or nut.

- Split 1 dasher not fully ocapressed. 1 i

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- Crossed thredds.

- Stripped threads.

I Attachment 1 ' DIP-QAP-Vb-108 i I

Peps 2 of 9 11mvision 1 Page 9 of 19 l 1

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- Less than mida thread engagement of rart:s.

- Inaffectf.ve locking devices.

1 b.- 'Iba' follovig are examples of rrzirelevant: conditions:

1) Fabrhi marSas (e.g. fina p=*4g, layout:, bar:11ng, telling and =+4niW.)
2) mig or dimoolcred paint.
3) Wald spattar on other than cices h1==ica machinnd w -

sliding surfaces.

H 4) Scratches and surface abrasica marks. .

5) Rea.,rs ar ganaral corrosion dich dcas not reduon.the load bearig W_ty of the support.

' 6) General ocex11tions % Wile by the material, design, and/or - ht.icn v4*4%.

3. 'Intamral Attadmants

(

o a. . '!he following relevant conditicas aball be rocceled:

1)- Surface indicaticzis characterized as single indications (Figure 1) .that eMosed tbs, values listed in Table 1 through 4 when: .

- An indication extends bayend the ammaination area bcundary, or

, - separata W4=tions are detected with ana indication in the -4W4m area and enn bayend tbs amenination area, but are characterized as a single M4=*1cn.

2) Indications wi+ autand into the pressure r*=4%

nembrana of tbs ------4 that exceeds the valus listad in the eliable starxiard.

Yr-4 Eumminatican 1.. hai=1,4fydraulic Devices 3

a. 'Ibe following relevarrt conditions stall be recceded:
1) wh acuument.

At+m*marit 1 'DGMEP-VI-108 Page 3 of 9 Revisica 1 Page 10 of 19

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. . . . 2) M-+121 Wiich exceeds wodc inst:ructicn limits.-

l- 3) Fluid level below miniism 1dmit.

4) . Fluid leakage.
5) Indicated positicri h het cr.ccid limit.
6) M4=a1 4 1.
7) Jbraign ma+*Hal on slidig surface.
8) Deformed parts.
8) N'"-a-a parts. , i

'10) Arc strikas.

.2. > sprig Hangers i l

a. 1ha.following relevant ocniitions shall be recorded:
1) Cnid load settings shall be i 10% of the setthq specified en the noctionical r , <='4h document

. M-903.

.. 2) Not Iced ==Wmm shr.11 be !'25% of the W4= =p -4 *4-4 L- an the machenical be guidance h=rt M-903.

3) Spzdm ?" ,- - shall not be bottesand .=4=t tbs overtravel step.
4) sprirs hangers that are within 25% of the overtravel secos unene cold lead canditicms shan be zeexanined at aparatig e- _- :, to verify that the b re has not bottcID0d Cut. .

Attachment 1 N vr-108 Page 4 of 9 M icra 1 Pnga 11 rif 19

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FTctmf i LINFAR SURFACE INDICA

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h>h Attachment 1 TNP-QAP-VT-108 Page 5 of 9 Revision 1 Page 12 of 19

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'!NKE 1 311rumhla Idnaar Indicatitms Pressure M**fMNy Walds in Rap Casirq and Valve Bedian M+ia steel)

Naninal sectaan TM 4 @. I

' thickness t,~ in. Iangth 1, in.

2.0 .25 i

3.0 .25 l 4.0 .25 5.0 i .25 9

6.0 and over .25 Inservice Examindice 2.0 .30 3.0 ,

.45 4.0 .60 4 l-5.0 .75 1

6.0 ard over .90 l

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1. Pta- ir+=madiate thic$me== t, linser h* ;- 1**4m is =*4=N=.
2. Iters support secticn thickness varias, the averega thic$tness w the largth of the iM4e**im is the section thickness.

Page 6 of 9 M ien 1 anga is oc is

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M Anowable Ilnaa" Indications Pressure Beba4"4"er Maximilar Metal Walds and Austanitic Pf@ir*J n ainsi section nutiestion Mickness t, in. Ianirth 1, in.

Preservice Ekaminaticp 0.312 or less .125 1.0 - .1875 2.0 ard over .25 s

Inservica Examinaticm 0.312 cr less .20 1.0 .25 .

1 2.0 .45 3.0 and over ,

.65 1

N E S:

1. Fat ir+winto thicknesses t,14=r irhA is ==4=mible.
2. West sup';cet sectice thickness varies, the average thickness over the langt2 of the fM4*4m is tbs e4m thicknesu.

Attachment 1 'DuMy@-VI-108

. Page 7 of 9 Revisimi 1

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L L W Ancnable r2== Indications l PxameL1re M4niN Mmminilar Metal M L and Pueritic Pipirg ,

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Ncainal Section Initcation 2hickness t, in. Ianyth 1, in.

Prumarvica memmimtim _

Imms than 0.312 .062 0.312- .125 1.0 and over .250

, Inmarviam mesminatim 0.312 and less .186 1.0 .310-2.0 .625 3.0 and over ,

.875 NDIlls:

1.. 7be iWW nominal vall thidmmmmes t, linear 4*T = 1tion is

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Attadiment 1 N 108 Page 8 of 9 Revisicri i see. as ce to

'EMEE 4 mermble 7.4==" Irdicatims Pressuru Pea 4% Walds in Rancte vessel N minal M im Indicaticn 2hickness t, in. Iangth 1, in.

2.5 .186 ,

4 .250 6 .375 8 .558 10 .682 12 .806 ys 14 1.0

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A++=. ' . -. A, 1 'DGMP@-VD-108 Page 9 of 9 Dwisiart 1 Page 16 of 19

- Memphis Testing Serbices, Inc.

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  • 11rP-QAP-VT-108 Attachment 2 Revision 1 Page 2 of 2- Fase 18 of 19

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ASME Sect!on XI VIsualE2amloation Aoeort (V?ai,WY 3.v?-.3+

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^ - ' * ?s, sa seen Comments Level Date .

c Examiner _ __

Level Cato Reviewer _ __ _

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Engineering evatuation required ? YES C N/A C t u s..ww Data j

Engineering evaluate? __ Unacceptable O Acceptable fet use C ca. a .o Date ,

AND P.se - _ _ 08 Peau vt Revision 0 _

TNP-QAP-VT-108 Attachment 3 Revision 1 l

/

l 4

, . 1 ARTICLE 5 l ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS T 510 ' SCOPE quencies over the nominal range of 1 MHz to 5 MHz.

er req n may used E equal or better This Article describes or references requirements sem v y can emmtrated. j which are to be used in selecting; and developing [see (b) The ultrasonic instrument shd provide linea: )

T 110(c)] ultrasonic examination procedures for vertical presentsina within 5% of the full screen  !

welds, parts, components, naterials, and thickness height for 20% to 80% of the full screen height (bue determmations, when examination to any part of this

. 1 ne to maximum calibrated screen height). ne screen

+

Article is a requirement of a referencing Code Section.

height linearity shr11 be measured and recorded as l'he referencing Code Section should be consulted for required in T 431.1. i specifcequirements for the foUowing: (c) The ultrasonic instrument shall utilize an ampli-Personnel Qualineation/CertiEcation Requirements

tude control, accurate over its usdul range to 220%

Procedure Requirements and/or Techmques of the nominal amplitude ratio, to allow mear ^ent Exammation System Characteristics 2al ofindications beyond the linear range of t1 Retenuon and Control of Calibration Blocks display on the screen. The amplituG control L ity

  • '"*****"'**#*"*9 'd Eaten of E amination for Planar Reflectors Extent of Examination for laminar Reflectors j Acceptance Standards to Be Used for Evaluation T 523 Written Procedure Requirements 3 Extent and Retention of Records i Report Requirements When required by the referencing Code Section, f ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accord-ance with a written procedure. Each procedure shall

" **

  • I "******

Y T 520 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS fi,

T 521 Basic Requiremems and Terms Used (a/ weld types and/or materials and configurations i to be examined, including thickness dimensions, and Article 1, General Requirements, and Appendia A, product form (casting, forging, plate, etc.);

lusary of Terms Used in Nondestructive &amma-y (b) the surface or surfaces from which the examina-q tion, apply when the use of this Article is reqaired by a tion ahd be pdormed-g 'eferencing Code Section. When SA, SB, and SE (c) surface condition- '

g uments are referenced, they are located in Articic (d) couplant; j (e) technique (straight beam, angled beam, t,antact, and/or immenion);

3 L522 Equipment Requirements for other Than @ andes and m e(s) wave pmpagat n n the

[ Thickness Measurements

( reh unit type, frequency (ies), and transducer

  • A pulse-echo type of ultrasonic instrument shall be size (s);

used for this examination. (h> special search units, wedges, shoes or saddles,

.l 'W The examination than be conducted with an and type; thrksonic, pulsed re!!ection system generating fre. (l) ultrasonicinstrumenttype(s);

]'

43 j

1 h

_-_- I

4

. T-sz 7 534.1.2 SECTION V - NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

.~ 3E8 except that immersion techniques may also be

(/) d:scriptionofcalibration; used. When length-to diameter or length to-thicknen (4) directions and cent of scanning; ratios exceed 6:1, the axial examination shall be (I) data to be incorded and method of recording performed from both end faces by straight beam.

(manud or mechaaized);

(c) Forging and brrs which cannot be effecti',.ly (m> automatic alarm and recording equipment, or examined axially from both ends using a straight laam {

both; shall be examined with the beam directed along the i (n) rotating, revolving, or scanning mechanisms. l axis in both directions with an angle beam technique.

T 524 General Examination Requirements for T.533 Tubular Prodnets Other Than 'Itickatos Measurements Proceduns used for ultrasonic examination of pipe, f T 524.1 Examination Coverage. The volume shall  !

be examined by moving the search uni} over the tubing, and fittings shall conform to the following as applicable:

examination surface so as to scan the entire examina- SE 213 examinatica of seamirss pipe and tube other tion volume. Each pass of the search unit shall overlap a minimum of 10% of the transducer (piezo-electric than nickelalloy; SE-273 examination oflongitudinal and spiral welds ,

element) dimension perpendicular to the direction of of welded pipe and tubing; the scan. examnadon of nickel ahoy seamless pipe T-524.2 Rate of Search Unit Movementa. The rate and tube. ,

of search unit movement for examination shaft not exceed 6 indsec (150 mm/sec) unless calibration is Castiny (Restrleted to Carbon and Low s

verified at scanning speed. T 534 Alloy Steels)

T 324.3 Recordlag Sensitivity Level. For both When ultrasonic examination of ferritic castinp is manual and mecht=A examinations recording of j indications shat! be made with respect to the reference required by the referencing Code Section, all sections, '

regardless of thickness, shall be examined in ac-level. cordance with SA-609 as supplemented in the fol-lowing paragraphs.

A supplementary angle beam examination shall be T.530 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF performed on castings or areas of eastinp where a MATERIAL PRODUCT FORMS back reflection cannot be maintained during the T-531 Plate straight beam examination or where the angle between the front and back surfaces of the castings exceeds 15 Procedures used for ultrasonic examination of plate shall confoon to the following as applicable: deg.

SA 577 angle beam examination of steel plate 2 in. T 534.1 Calibration Blocks. The block or blocks (51 mm) thick andleaa; required to establish the examination sensitivity across

' SA 578 straight beam examination of carbon and the full thickness of the castings to be examined shall l l

alloy neel plate; be tade of material of the same specification, grade, SB-509 straight beam examination of nickel alloy product form, heat treatment, and thickness 125% as p}gge,' the eastings to be examined. The surface finbh of the SB 548 straight beam examination of aluminum calibration block shall be representative of the exami- l alloy plate. nation surface of the casting to be examined. l l

T 534.L1 Straight Beam. Calibration blocks T.532 Forging and Bars (Except Botting meeting the requirements described in T 534.1 and m , j Material) SA 609 shall be used.

(a) Procedures used for ultrasonic examination of T-534.1.2 Angle Beam. The basic calibration forginp shall conform to SA-388 except that immer- block shall be as shown in Fig. T 534.1.2. Holes of sion techniques may also be used. larger or smaller diameters, Vee or square notches i (b) Procedures used for ultrasonic examination ofmay also be placed in the reference block to provide nickel alloy bars shall conform to SB-510. Procedures reference reflectom for evaluation purposes. These l used for han of other materials sha!! conform to SA-41

-__________J

T.gM.1.3-T 835J ARTICLE 5 - UL'11tA80NIC EXAMINATION f- ,

diameter (4), length (/), and calibration block t ,

additional holes and notches shall be located so as not(D), and length (L). Plat bottom holes shall diameter

' to interfere with the responses from the basic onlibra- be as shown in Fig. T 535.1 drined a minimum of 1%

tion r:6ectors. in. (38 mm) deep la the axial direction of the block.

%5H.2 m Calibratices block materini and examination surface T gM.2.1 Straight Beam. He examination sensi- Anish simH be the same or spivdent to the bl%

sivity adjustment shall be performed as desenbad in under examination.

$A 409, exclusive of paragraph 7.3, on the calibration T-838.1 Straight Beam, Radial Sena. Bohing mate-block describedin T SM.1.1. rials shall be examined radially prior to threading. The 7 534.2.2 Angle Beam.The examinat, ion sensitiv- eminh edt bein Mm wie MD4 ity shall be established an an 80% of full screen beight (a) TecAnipe. The examination shah be performed amplitr,de from the side dnlled hole producing the using pulse.ech, stmight bm gW with the 4, contact orimmersion technique.

largest response. The distance amplitude iA..

(6) Calibration. The sensitivity aball be established (DAC) curve shall be constructed by stilising the responses from the side drilled bole reosctors in the using the reRection indication from the side of the hole

, la calibration block A, at the radial metal path 7 of D/4 angle beam reference block (Fis. T 534.1.2) covering and 3D/4. Select the hole indication at the metal path the commination distance range in the castmg to b' which gives the greatest amplitude and set the gain examined.

control so that this indication is 8025% of full screen T 534.2J Calibrattan CenArmation. Checks beight. shah Without changing the instrument controls, be made to verify the DAC<(sweep reading and obtain maaimum amp 1hudes from the other metal' amplitede) on the calibation block (s) described in T. Mark the indication amplitudes on the enthode Path.

534.1. These checks shall be made at the end rey tube, connect the a4acent points and catend the of the amin.6,% but not less the once per shih. The DAC to cover the range of examination.

check shan verify the limits described in T-545.1 and (c/ Examination. Scanning shan be performed beH-T M5.2 for the calibration re6ectors or the cally or circumferentially in overlapping paths so as to examins-

' tion data shan be corrected in accordance with T, cover the entire accessible cylindrical surface of the 545.1 andT 545.2. bar.

(4) Ewfustion. Any imperfection which eauses an T g M J mme =Im.tlen indication in excsas of 20% of DAC shah be inves 1

T SHJJ Stratsbt Beam.The examination shall gated to the extent that it aan be evaluated in terms of be conducted in accordance with the procedure ofSA. the acceptance stesdards of the safemacing Code

.( 609, esclaive of paragraph 7.3. Section.

i

^

T.5MJ.2 Angle Beam. Beam angle in the mate- _ T.g35.2 Straight-Beam, Axial Seas. Bolting materi-rial shall be in the range of 5 to 75 deg., inc!asive, als shall be esamined amially before or aher threadmg.

measured with respect to a perpendicular to the The examination shall be conducted in accordance saamination surface. The angle eclected sha!! resolve with the foHowing.

the calibration block reSectors described in T SM.1.2 (s) Technipe. The examination shan be ydm .cd in accordance with the requirements of T 534.2.2. De from both and striaces of the material usms pulse- l I

scans shall be made in at least two dueetions 90 deg. echo, straight-beam equipment with the contact or j

apart. immersion technique.

' (b) Celibrerion. The senaltivity aball be adjusted to l sive an 80% of full screen amplitude from the Aat bottom hole in the block which gives the highest

/j T.g35  % Maurid amplitude. Mark this amplitude and the amplitude of r the Rat bottom hole in the lower amplitude block on 4 Procedures used for ultrasonic examination the of screen, and connect the two marks with a straight bolting material bolts, studs. and nuts shall corform to line calending to the entry surface indication. This is the pgunementa of SA468 as modined by the l i the DAC line. If the lower amplitude bloek gives less

-i following subparagraphs. Calibration blocks in scoor- than 20% of fun screen amplitude, prepare an / /4 +

? dance with Tables T 535.1 and T-535.2 shat! behole used depth block and construct two DAC lines ;o for straight beam calibration. Tables T 535.1 and T-cover the es3mination metal path rang'e. This is 535.2 show relationships between examined material 43 e .

I

M'g. T.534.1.2 SEcr!ON V - NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION -

Examination surfsee O db = T/4 h

T/2  %/

3T/4 J O" "

r O V 4 3T* g

-i l I 7

I I a l l 4 1 1 l I j' l l

I i I i

' k 6 in.'

h I

il l I

I i l ~

I I I l

< n, . ,  ; i i I l 1 I I I I I I 1 1 9 I I i _L

, T/2 , T/2' . m T/2' .

l ,

9- -

i

' Minimum NotesDrilled and resmed sesentially parallel to the examinetton surface.The tolerance on ho's diameter shall be 21/32 in. The tolerance on location through the thicknese shell be 21/8 In.

Diameter (D) Holes Required  !

Material Thicknees m l

1/2 through 2 in. 114 in. T/2 3ss in. 714. Tt2, and 3Ts4 Groeter then 2 in.

FIG.T 534.1.2 ANGLE BEAM CALIBRATION BLOCK i

l 1

Fig. T 535i TobiseT.835J.T535.2  ;

', L -

  • ART 1CLE 5 - ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION f i.

, . i fi , I

.i TABLE T 535.2 j e

i BLOCK DESIGNATION PF.R LENGTH AND 1 TABLE T 535.1 HOLE LOCATION

{ {

- FLAT BOTTOM HDLE PER DIMENSIONAL DIAMETER l

mck rm sonom n t souam swk Hale Lacauen, f Deilpation Length, f i Hole Diam. 21/32 in. -

4 0 = d . > 14n. ~ _

c _

A f /s + hole D/4 of block

~ 1/16 in. depth end llp to 1 in. 1/8 in.

B f /2 + hole Comerline et Over 1 to 2 in. 2/26 in,

.lepth block end Over 2 to 3 in. W16 in. E /4 + hole center its of Over 3 to 4 in. C 3/s in. skpth block end over a in.

NOTE:

(1) A tolerance of *S% may be applied.

4 _

l i w' -

" t 0 -

.3

~

u 1

4 ~

e I.:

., , o -

g

% tt2 .

o .

I ,

i

w f A' o  !

'3 t

Ild m

\

D .,

m FIG T 535.1 STRAIGHT BEAM (FBH) CALIBRATION BLOC 5

'4 i

45

{

-l

~

r SECTION Y - NONDESTRUCTNF. EXAMINATION

., T.sss.3-T.543.1.1 L.

. accomp5ted by setting the sensitivity to give an 80% depth. A distance amplitude curve shall be established h 4 -

of full scree amplitude from the Bat bottom bole in by scanning from both ends of the test bar.

the //8 or //4 block which gives the higher (c) Emluation of Indications. Any discontinuity amplitude. Mark this amplitude and the amplitude of which causes an indication in excess of that produced -

L the lower amplitude block on the screen and connect by the calibration hole in the reference specimen as l the two marks with a straight line extending to the corrected by the datance amplitude.eurve shall be entry surface indice' on. Record the sensitivity setting investigated to the extent that the operator can which will be um in the examination of the end evaluate the shape, identity, and location of a!! such quarters oflength of the bolting material. Next set the reSectors in terms of acceptance rejection standards of sensitivity to give an 80% of full screen amplitude the referencing Code Section.

from the Amt bottom hole in the //4 or //2 block which gives the higher amplitude. Mark this ampli-tude and the amplitude of the lower amplitude black T.540 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF on the screca and connect the two marks with a WELDS straight hne. Record the sensitivity setting which will T 541 SCOPE be used in the examination of the two midna quarters of!ength of the bolting material. These paragraphs dese:ibe the requirements for (c) Examination. Surface preparation - Both ced ultrasonic examination of full penetration welds in surfaces of the bolting material shall be Bat and wrought (rolled, drawn, forged, or extruded) and cast normal to the bolt axis. Record all indications materials.

exceeding 20% DAC in the quarter oflength applica-ble to the sensitivity setting.

(d) Evaluerion. Any resector which causes an T.542 Appikation indication in excess of 20% of DAC shall be investi- These requirements are established for the ultra-gated to the extmt that it can be evaluated in t+rms of sonle detection, location and evaluation of ultrasocic the acceptance standards of the referencing Code renectors within the weld, heat.affectad-zone, ard Section. adjacent material. The three general examination classincatimis are:

T 546 for welds in ferritic product forms other than T 536 Inservice Examination of Bolts and pipe; sted. T 547 for fenitic welds in ferritic pipe; T-5M.1 When inservice examination 'of bolts and atuds is speca6ed by the referencing Code Section, the mnnsatian shall be perforenad in accordance with T- T 543 Basic Calibration Block (s) 535.2 or T 536.2.

The basic calibration resee: ors shall be used to establish a primary reference response of the equip-T 536.2 Straight Beam, Axial Sean. When bolts ment. The basic calibration reSectors may be located and studs of sizes specified by the referencing Code either in the component material or in a basic Section are to be ultrasonically examined axially over calibration block. Where the block thickness 21 in. '

an entire end surface before or after threading, the (125 mm) spans two of the weld thickness ranges examination may be perfonned in accordance with the shown in Fig. T 546.1. the block's one shall be IOU 0*i"5: acceptable in those portions of each thickness rance (a) TecAnique. Examination shall be performed et a covered by 1in. (25 mm).

nominal frequency of 2.25 MHz with a circular transducer element not lest than % in. diameter (12.7 T 543.1 Basic Calibration Block Matarial mm) and not greater than 1% in. diameter (28.6 mm). T-543.1.1 Block Selection. The material from (b) Calibration. Calibration shall be established on a which the block is fabricated shall be of the same test bar of the same nominal composition and diame- product form, and material specification or equivalent ter as the production part and a minimum of one half P-number grouping as one of the materials being of the length. A % in. (10 mm) diameter X 3 in. (76 examined, For the pmposes of this paragraph. P Nos.

mm) deep Sat bottom hole shall be drilled in one end 1,3. 4. and 5 materials sre considered equivalent. For (

of the bar and plugged with similar material to full calibration blocks for dinimilar metal welds, the 46 b

m I-p.

ARTICLE 5 - ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION T.843.L1-T.544J.2

't in'sterial selection shall be based on the material on the and less. Except where ctherwise stated in this Article, 1

, side of the weld from which the camminxtion will be a single curved basic calibration block may be med to j cond'seted:if the examination will be conducted from calibrate the examination on surfaces in the range of curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times the basic calibration C both sides, calibration reSectors shall be provided in 4 both materials. Where two or more base material block diameter. For example, an 8 in. (203 mm) thicknesses are involved, the calibration block diameter curved block may be med to calibrate the ff 5 thickriess shall be determined by the average thickness eammination on surfaces in the range of curvature '

i of the weld. from 7.2 in. (183 mm) to 12 in. (305 mm) diameter.

The curvature range from 0.94 in. (24 mm) to 20 in.

T 543.1.2 Cad. Where the component materialis '(508 mm) diameter requires 6 block curvatures as clad, the block shall be clad by the same welding indicated in Article 4, Fig. T 434.2 for any thickness procedure as the production part Where the auto. ynge, matic method is impractical, deposition of clad shall be by the manual method. It is desirable to have T 543.3J As an alternt.te to the requirements in component materials which have been clad before the T-543.3.1 when ext. mining from the convea cu-face by drop outs or prolongations tre removed. the straight beam contact technique, Appendix A msy T-543.1.3 Heat Treatment.The calibration block shall receive at least the minimurn tempering treat. 4 ment required by the material speci5 cation for the T 544 System Calibration type and grade, and also a postweld heat treatment of T.544.1 General Requirements. Calibration shall at kast 2 hr, if the calibration block contains weld (s) g g other thars cladding. and shall be performed in accordance with T-432,1.

T 543.1.4 Surface Fialsh. De Enish on the L hd dw surfaces of the block shall be representative of the surface Anishes on the components. unciad) corresponding to the surface of the component T 543.1.5 Block Quality The calibration block from which the commination will be performed.

material sha!! be completely examined with a straight PP beam search umt. Areas t 5sat contam an indication .

give general techniques for both angle beam and exceeding the remaining back reflection shall be straight beam calibrations. Other techniques may be excluded from the beam paths required to reach the

' used.

various calibration re6ectors.

T 544.3.1 Angle Beam Calit, ration. As applicable, T 543.2 Calibration ReSectors the calibration shall provide the following measure-T443.2.1 Basic Calibration Reflectors. The cal. ments (Article 4, Appendix B contains a general ibration renectors are specified in T 546 and T 547.

technique):

T 543.2.2 Additional ReSectors. Additional (c) sweep range calibration; rc5ectors may be installed; these reSectors shr.ll not (b) distance amplitude correction; interfere with establishing the primary reference. (c) position calibration;

@ echo ampMude measuremem hm the sudace T 543.3 Calibration Block Con 6garmtfon. Calibra- * * "

tion block co guration requirements are specified in ,

d @ mia

  • device is used, the primary reference responses from the basic calibration block shall be equalized over the T 543.3.1 Materials With Diameters Grester distance range to be employed in the examination.The Than 20 in. (508 mm). For examinations in materis!s where the examination surface diameter is greater response equalization line shall be at a screen height of z 40 to 80% of fullscreen beight.

than 20 in. (508 mm), a block of essentially the same rva re r, alternately a flat basic calibration block, 't. h@ h Wh m di-bration shall provide the following measurements (Article 4, Appendix C gives a general technique):

T 543J.2 Materials With Diameters 30 in. (508 f mm), and IAas. The tasic calibration block shall be (a) sweep nnge calibration; (b) distance-amplitude correction.

i curved for materials with diameters 20 in. (508 mm)

  • 47 1

- - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - -

- - = =" - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '~

~ l

^ "

(m (y.ge4J,g.ysses.t.t.3 - SECf10N.V - NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINA11DN -

-a . i When an electronle distance emputode correction T 545.1 Sweep Rasse Correcitoa. If a point on the '

" device is used, the prismary refersone response shall be - DAC curve has mound on the sweep line more than

equalised on the basic onlibration block at a screen ,

f

  • 10% of the sweep reading or 5% of Adl sweep,

- baght htween 40 and 80% of full screen height over winobever is greater, enrrect the sweep range calibra-

~ ' the dirance range to be employed in the examination.

den and note the sorrection in the saamination Te44.4 Calibration Check on Basic CsNbraties record. If reSectors are recorded on the data sheets, -l those data sheets aball be voided, and a new calibra- 1 Black. When any part of the amnimatiaa system i' changed, a onlibration check shah be snade on the tion shall be recceded. All recorded indications basic anubration block to verify that %, $ and %T since the last valid calibration or calibration check -

points en the sweep and distamos amplitude oormation shah be reexamined with the corrected calibration -

and their values aba5 be changed on the data sheets.

values recorded satisfy the requiremnants of T.545.

Where arisimJ antibration data exists for the part of T sesJ DAC Corsestion. If a point on the distance ;

- the system replaced, a check as permitted in T M4.1 ampEtude correction (DAC) curve has doorensed 20% -

unay be med. or 2 dB ofits amputade, all data sheets since the last enlibration or calibration check shall be marked void.

TN4.5 Calibration Osek se Basic Onlibration A new onlibration shah be made and recorded and the .

Blocker $1m4stor Osek. A calibration eld on at area covered by the veided data shall be ran==inari .

", least one of the basic redactors in the basic calibration If any point of the distance amplitude correction block or a cheek using a simulator shall be made at the Snish of each ==^='h (DAC) curve has increased more than 20% or 2 dB of or series of similar exami- its amplitude, all recorded indications a:nce the last nations, every 4 br during the enemination, and when valid calibration or sehbration check shall be re-saamination personnel (eacept for automated equip-examined with the aarrected calibration and their ment) are changed. The sweep and distance amplitude values aball be changed on the data sheets.

sorrecnon values recorded abau antisfy the requhe-ments of T 545.

T544.6 Simulator Oeck. Any simulator checks T $46- Wahls la Wrought and Cast Ferratic that sie used shall be correlated with the orismal Product Fenna, Excluding' Pipe 4

onlibration on the basic onlibration block during the

+

orismal anHbration. The simulator checks may use T 546.1 Basic Onubssties diseront types of caEbration rdector or block (such as T546.1.3 Basic Calibration Block. The basic

> I!W) and/or electronic simulation. Slowever, the calibration block abaB be as speciSed in T M3, ud shoulation maad abau be aa=planaly klentitable on the shall use side drilled helse as calibration redestees. Joe calibration shest(s). The aimalatar check shall be Fig.T.%6.1. '

made sa the entire ===6*ia= system. 'Ihe entir*

T-646.1J Angle Bene Cabstles. Angle beam system don act have to be checked in one operation; calibrahons shall be performed as described in Article bowever, for its check, the search unit shaB be 4, Appendia B supplemented as fbliows ar= mare =d to the uhrasonic instrument and checked against a cabbration rueector. Accuracy of the shnols- T 546.1.2.1 I%egassey. The nominal frequency tor checks abau be con 8rmed, using the basic calibra. shall be 2.25 MHz unises variables such as prodnetion tion block, at the conclusion of each period of materini grain structure require the use of other

- extended use, or every 3 months, whichever is less. frequencies to assure adeguate penetration or herter The requirements for calibration confirmation of T- reeclusion.

545.1 and T 545.2 shall be met.

T 546.1.2.2 asse Angle. An angle shall be seleeied as appropriate for the consguration being T 548 Calibration CosArmation "amiaa'l \

Calibration (T 544.3) shall be performed prior to T 546.1JJ Distance Amplitude Correction ese of the system in the thickness range moder (DAC) Exemption. A DAC is not required where the an=I=atian. A onlibration check shall verify the eaarmnation is limitad to one-half vee path in a sweep range calibration and distance amplitude cor- materiel less than 1 in. (25 mm) thick, in which case rection [r 544.3.l(s) or T.544.3.2(a)] as deEned in T- the amplitude level from a single calibration re8ector 544.1. shall be used. -

'I P l

-~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

]

'j L . ARTICLE 5-. ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Fig. T 546.1

-' i

--- 3 T min. .  ;

~

4 T/4

.. u 2 m _

,sT

,e / 37/4

  • /

( *# l / M.

l sin.

m y i f, )

%~ h

~ ~ ~ ~ '

Tl2 j) / ::C'.~ : 1 j T/2 s 's ' // /?i ,r, Y K/ // $//

/p r c ,/

w T G in. min.

N ,s /

'/ 2 ln.

/, Y 4 // -- -/ -

Clod if presen Besle Ctlibretion Hole Diameter Notch Sire:

Wald Thickness (t) BlockThicknese (7) 1in,orLees 3M in, or f 342 in. Width - 14 IrL to 12 in.

Over 1 in. through 2 in. 11/2 in,or t 18 In.

3 in. or i 3/16 in. Depth = 2% T Over 2 in, through 4 in. -

Over 4 in, through 6 in. 6 in, or r 1 Min.

7 in. or 5/16 in. Length = 2 in. min.

Over 3 in, theouch 8 in.

Over B in.through 10 in. 9 in. or r 34in.

Over to in. See Note (5).

NOTES:

(11 Holes shA be drilled and momed a minimum of 1-1/2 in. deep, sesentially parallel to the estemination surface.

(2) Alternately, the block mey be constructed as shown in Fig. T4H.t.

O) Curved surfaces: for curved surfaces. two curved blocks. one for eeth representative curvature: or two sets of celibrotlen reflemors oriented 90 d*0. from each other shall be used.

(4) Notches may be provided se required.

(5) For sech increase in thickness of 2 in, or fraction thereof, the hole diameter cheff increess 1/16 in.

(6) The tolerance for hofe diameter shaft be a142 In. Tt:e tolerance on notch depth shall tw + 10

  • end a 20%. The tolerance on hole location through the thicknese shell be e 15 in. ,

FIG.T 546.1 BA$1C CALIBRATION BLOCK

?

i 5

49 9

I

h,

%* l1 3lI _

. T.946.14-T.847J.3.3 $ECT10N V - NONDYB11UCTIVE EXAMINATION .

,' 3 weld and adjacent base metal speci6ed by the refersac.

L ij':*

jp -

T 546.1J Straight Beam Calibrados. Calibration' -

and straight beam exammation shall be performed in ing Code Section. The scanning shall be performed at I- accordance with Article 4, Appendix C, supplemented a gain setting at least two times the primary nference j

~ gl '

as follows: level.' Evaluation shall be performed with respect to the primary reference level. De search unit shd bc f T 546.1.3.1 Frequency. The nominal frequency es. and the Won repeated.

stat 8

,p' shall be 2.25 MHz unless variables such as production T.546J Evaluados. Any imperfection which

f . material grain structure require the use of other causes an indication in escase of 20% DAC shd be "I' frequencies to assure adequate penetration or better h' - resolution. investigated to the extent that it can be evaluated in -

terms of the acceptance standards of the referencing i i Code Section.

B" W

] T 546.2 Emmadneries of Wolds (f '

l T.546.2.1 Surface Preparation T.546.2.1.1 Base Metal The base ametal on T.M7 Ferritte Welds la Ferritic Pipe

! a cach side of the weld shall be fue of weld spatter. T.M.1 M Caubradon

.I surface irregularities, or foreign matter that might

' ' T.547.1.1 Basic h Mock (Sw Ms.

- interfere with the asamination. 547.1). The basic calibration block for weldments shau f  :

be a section of pipe of the same nominal size, schedule, .

r  ;

T-546.2.1.2 Wold Metal. Where the weld

a. - surface interferes with the examination, the weld shaU heat treatment, and material speci8 cation or equive-4 J

hat P Number grouping as one of the materials being i

j ' he prepared as needed to permit examination.

examined. For the purposes of this paragraph P Nos.

] >

_ T.546JJ Scanalag 1,3,4, and

  • maierials are considered equivalent. The l

j I j h{ T 546.2.2.1 Straight Beam. ne scanning of the block size and anector locations shall be adequate to j

! adjacent base metal shall be ' performed to detect perform calibration for the beam angles used. De I j reSectors that might' affect interpretation of angle surface Snish of the calibration block shd be repre-beam results, and is not to be used as an neceptance- sentative of the surface Anish of the pipias.

1 l 1 rejection enammation. locations and areas of such T.547.3.2 Raele Calibration ReAsetors. The basic -

j' t

. re8ectors shallbe recorded.

enlibratica reAsetors aball be longitudinal'and with l

s T.546.2.2.2 The weld and base metal shall be p 'i circumfereritlal notches on both the inner and outer -

scanned, where mtuired by the referencing Code surfaces. The sizes and locations of the calibration q Section to the extent possible with the straight beam re6ectors are shown in Fig.T 547.1.2 p

jj . search unit. The scanning shall be perfonned at a gain T 547.1.3 Angle Bessa Calibratica setting of at least two times the primary reference

' 3 . level. Evatnahan shall be performed with respect to T 547.1.3.1 Frequency. The nominal frequency a shall be 2.25 MHz, unless attenuation or a need for

, ~

" the pnmary sofrrencelevel.

greater resolution makes some other frequency more 4

T aCP 't 16 Angle Beam *b=aalat for -l

i suitable.

l ReRectors Oriented Parallel to the Weld. The angle T 547.1.3.2 The nominal beam ang!c of 45 deg,  !

beam shall be directed at approximate right angles to

. the weld axis from two directions where possible. The shall generally be used bit other angles may be used search unit shan be manipulated so that the ultrasonic where appropriate for the configuration being canso-energy posses through the required volumes of weld ined.

j and adjacent base metal. The scanning shall be T 547.1JJ Dietace Amplitude Cornedos )

performed at a gain setting at least two times the (DAC). A DAC curve is required for all pipe welds.

primary reference level. Evaluation shall be performed Fw inah of a fd wd mih de nmcks with respect to the primary reference level. shd k ud u edWlon n8m Th agle ham T 546.2.2.4 Angle Esam ibanales foe shall be directed toward the calibration renector that yields the maximum response, setting tb instrument 1 ReSectore Oriented Transverse to the Weld. The angle beam shall be directed essentially parallel to the weld kxis. The search unit shall be manipulated so that 'when ene drined hohn are to be need for calibration. the black shnu be as shown in Fig. T.S4tt (see T.547.1.4).

the r.ngle beam riasses through the required volumes of

)

Y

-- -- - 9

ARTICLE 5 '- ULTRASONIC EXAMIN ATION 7.841.11bT.ast.1 ~

'J{ .

p :

l  !

L  :

l l' <

L -

__0__.__--<---=___ ,

s4 ,

A. L. A. L.

I l- 1

  • tl* l

?

L . , .

.) L., w d

. oi = =.

L Typical Biook Dimensions Length (418 in. or ST, whichever le Groeter M6nimum Arc Length (AL.)(1) for O.D. 4 in, or less: 270 de0-(2) for O.D. greater then 4 in.: the greater of ST or 8 in.

Specific Notch Dimensions Length (L) ~1 in. minimum Depth (D) ~10% T with solerance 0 [ of Depth W6dth -tS In, to 12 in.

Lacetion -not aloner then T from t/q block ed0e

,- FIG. T 547.2 ANGLE BEAM Call 8 RAT!0N (PIPE WELDS)

\

T447.2.2 te== ming of Pipe Weldments a4ustment to yidd 90% of screen beight. The pearch unit shall then be manipulated, without changing T447.2.2.1 Straight Beam. When straight instrument settings, so obtain the manimum rwponses beam acaneing is required, it shall be perfonned according to the requirennests o(T $46.211.

< 60m the cal h. re8ectors at the distance incre-ments neeensary to generate a 3. point DAC curve.

of pipe _ welds shall be performed according to the T.H7.iJ.4 flahwela= sf CaNbration Reflee. requusments of T 546.213 and T-546.2.2A h." A side. drilled hole may be used for initial acceptance of a pipe weld, provided that it can'be T447J Evaluation. Any imperfection which causes demonstrated that the hole calibration produces a an indication in excess of 20% DAC shall be tidy equal to w greater than the match calHun- investigated to the extent that it can be evaluated in

'I'"' terms of tbc acceptance standards of the sferencing Code M n.

T-547.1,4 Straight Beam Calibration. Straight beam ====iaation, when required by'the referencmg Code Section, or,if needed to evaluate an angle beam T 848 Anstanttic and High Nicket Alloy Welds indication, shall be calibrated on the side drilled holes T448,1 Discueston. Ultrasonic esaminarbn of aus-in the basic calibration block. When required, the tenitic and high nickel alloy welds is usually more straight beam calibration shall be performed to the dil5 cult than in ferritic materials, because of the wide requirements of Article 4 Appendix C. variations that may occur in the acoustic properties of anstenitic and high nickel alloy welds, even those in 7447.2 F===f==eton of Pipe Weldments T447.2.1 Surface Proparstloa. Surface prepara. alloys of the earne composition, product form, and heat treatment. It moy, therefore, bc necessary to tion shall be performed to the requirements of T- ~

modify and/or supplement the provisions of this 546.2.1.

51 4

'l

,m j - ,

Toes. -r.asa.2 sectioN Y - NONDESTRUCT!YE EXAMINATION' q

I n a '

I1 l'l 11/2 in, min. Depth 1'I

e, Il If i

////d////////////, c> -

o x i i iI 1/16 6n. side drmed - g hele etinterfees l solerance

  • 1/64 In. ll 11 II l I b

i 1/8 in. flat bottom hele drilled to eles amenace tolerante a1/6ein.

FIG. T 553.2 CALIBRATION BLOCK FOR TECHN!'.lUE ONE Article in accordance with T 110(c) when examining T 583 Techniges One E===I==*ia= for Bond y

such welds.- and_ Clad Flaw Indienoims T-553.1 Equipment Dual search units using an :

y 1

maled pitch-catch technique may be used. The in-

' T 550 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF cluded angle between the beam paths shall be such CLADDING that the maximum sensitivity of the search unit is in the ama ofinterest. The total transducer area shall not y,ggg. g exceed % sq in. (325 mm8). A riaminal frequency of The pulse echo ultrasonic techniques described in 2.25 MHz shall be used; however, other frequencies

. these paragraphs shall be used where ultrasonic may be used to achieve the necessary resolution.

examination of weld. metal overlay cladding is re-quired by a referencing Code Section. Examination of T 553.2 Calibration Block. A calibration block clad roll bonded and explosive clad plate shall be per- . the same wdding procedure as the production part formed m wih with SA 578, when it is required alsall be used. The surface condition shall be represen-

- by a rderencing Code Section. tative of that of the production part. Either a side j-drilled hole L in. (1.6 mm) diameter by 14 in. (38 mm) minimum depth shall be drilled into the block at

. 2 Wh the clad interface, or a % in. (3.2 mm) diameter Ant The techniques described herein shall be used for bottomed hole shall be drilled through the base metal examination of weld deposited cladding. Technique to the clad interface. The thickness of the base One shall be used to examiae for bond and clad Saw material shall be at least twice the thickness of the indications and Technique Two shall be used to cladding. The calibration block is shown in Fig.

examine forlack of bond. T-533.2.

42 f'l

4 .

ARTICIE 5 - UI.TRASONIC EXAMINATION T 883.S-T 861 i; T 553.3 Calibration. Calibr: tion sh:ll be accom. T 554.3 Calibration. Calibration shall be accom-plished by placing the search unit on the clad surface plished by placing the search unit on the calibration of the calibration block and manipulating the search block on the side oprosite f-n which the hole was unit for the maximum response from the calibtstion drilled. The search unit . hall be manipuisted for the hole. The gain control shall be set so this respome is maximum response of the Arst resolvable indication 80% 15% of full screen. This is primary reference from the botmm of the calibration hole. The gain shall level. be set so that this response is 80% 15% of full screen.

This shall be the primary reference level.

T 553.4 Examination Procedures (a) Examination Area. The entite clad surface shall T 554.4 Examina2n Procedure be examined where practical. The examination shall be (a) Examination Area. As required by the referene-performed with the plane separating the elements of ing Code Section.

the dual search unit parallel to the amis of the weld (b) Scanning Senstrivity. Scanning may be per-bend. Examination shall be performed from the clad formed at a gain higher than the primary reference surface. level.

(b) Scanning Sensitivity. Scanning may be per- (c) Scanning shall be performed on the clad surface formed at a gain higher than the primary reference when calibration is perfonned on the clad surface.

level. Scanning shall be performed on the unclad surface (c) Evaluation. All indications shall be evaluated at when calibration is performed on the unclad surface.

the primary referencelevel- (d) Emluation. All indications shall be evaluated at ,

(d) Scanning Direction. The clad surface shall be the primary reference level.

scanned by moving the search unit perpendicular to the weld direction.

T.560 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION FOR T.554 Techalque Two - Examination for Lack THICKNESS DETERMINATION of Bond .g.g T 554.1 Equipment. Straight beam search units with Thih hsh my

  • Mmh a maximum transducer area of one sq in. (625 mm8 ) tion shall be made using either the resonance or pulse-shall be used. A nominal frequency of 2.25 MHz shall echo technique. The technique used will depend on the be used bwever, other frequencies may be used to tMckness, surface geomNry and condhnon of the work j

achieve the necessary resolution.-

piece. Thickness measurements may be conducted at i T 554.2 Calibration Block. For clad bond examina- any frequency capable of resolving the thickness range tion. a calibration block clad by the same welding to be meuured. The recommended practice for the

{ .

procedure as the production part shall be used. The resonance technique is given in Article 23, SE Il3.

surface condition shall be representative of the clad- The recommended practice for the longitudinal wave

[

- ding on the production part. A % in. (10 mm) Sat pulse echo contact technique is given in Article 23,

bottom hole shall be drilled to the weld overlay SE l!4; the immersion technique is given in Article interface. This hole may be drilled from the base metal 23, SE 214. When using the pulse-echo technique, 1 or weld overlay side. Other calibration reflectors may (a) The thickness measurement shall be indicated j be used provided it is demonstrated that equal or by either a cathode ray tube, meter, or digital display.

3 J greater sensitivity is attained. The thickness of the (b) The instrument shall be calibrated on a block of p base material examined shall be within 1 in. (25 mm) the same material and product form as the material to J of the calibration block thickness when examined from be measured. Measurement accuracy, as noted in SE-h the base metal surface. The thickness of the base 114. is dependent upon calibration accuracy. SE Il3, 4 material on the calibration block shall be at least twice paragraph 5, describing factors upon which calibra.

the thickness of the cladding, when examining from tion accuracy is dependent, is applicable to the pulse-I l

f the clad surface.

echo technique as well as the resonance tecimique.

l i!

~n l

L $3 I f

. INFORMATION ONLY ARTICLE 6 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

i. 7410 SCOPE may be found in Appendix A Glossary of Terms Used in Nondestructive Examination, or in SE 270.

When specified by ihe referencing Code Section, the liquid penetrant examination techniques described in this Article shall be used. In general, this Article is in T 632 Procedure Requirements conformance with SE-165, Method for Liquid Pene- T 632.1 Initial Procedure Requirements. Liquid trant inspection, and SE 165 provides additional p ttrant examination shall be performed in accord-details to be considered in the specific procedures anu with a procedure Such a procedure shall i imed. consider at least the following information:

! (a) the materials, shapes, or sires to be examined, and the extent of the examination; i (b) type (number or letter designation if available) I of each penetrant, penetrant remover, emulsifier, and 74M DESCRIPCON OF METHOD developer; The liquid penetrant examination method is an Irl processing details for pre-examination cleaning drective means for detecting discontinuities which are and drying, including the cleaning materials used and open to the surface of nonporous metals and other minirnum time allowed for drying; saterials. Typical discontinuities detectable by this (d) Processing details for applying the penetrant;

' method are cracks, seems, laps, cold shuts, lamina- the length of time that the penetrant will remain on tions, and porosity. the surface (dwell time), and the temperature of the 4

la principle, a liquid penetrant is applied to the surface and penetrant during the examination tf surface to be examined and allowed to enter disconti- outside 60*F to 125'F (16*C to 52'C) range; suities. All excess penetrant is then removed, the part (e) processing details for removing excess penetrant L' , h dried, and a developer is applied. The developer fr m the surface, and for drying the surface before l knetions both as a blotter to absorb penetrant that has applym, g the developer; been trapped in discontinuities, and as a contrasting (/) processing details for applying the developer,  ;

l lockground to enhance the visibility of penetrant and length of developing time before mterpretation;

, Indications. The dyes in penetrants are either color lEl processmg metails for post examination clean-l sentrast (visible under white light), or fluorescent *I-(visible under ultraviolet light).

l T-632.2 Procedure Revision. A revised procedure may be required:

(a) whenever a change or substitution is made in the type of penetrant materials (including developers, 7430 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS emulsiners, etc.) or in the proceuing techniques:

(b) whenever a change or substitution is made in 7431 Basic Requirements and Terminology the type of precleaning materir.16 or processes; When this Article is specified by a referencing Code (c) for any change in part processing that can clo6e Section, the liquid penetrant method described in this surface openings of discontinuities or leave interfering Article shall be used together with Article 1, General deposits, such as the use of grit blast cleaning or acid R*quirentents. Defmitions of terms used in this Article treatments.

57

g-.i T 640;.T-660 SECTION V - NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION '

i T.640 APPROVED TECHNIQUES AND material, whichever is lower. Penetrant materials are  !

' MATERIALS acceptable if the residue does not exceed 0.005 g. If the !J T.641 Approved Techniques

" ***** ' .0.005 g, it shall be analyzed for i

chloride content m accordt.nce with ASTM D808-63 Either a color contrast penetrant technique or a (1976). The chloride content of the residue shall not' fluorescent penetrant technique shall be used. For y .

exceed 1% by weight.

)

each technique, une of the following three types of penetrant systems shall be used: )

J tal water washable T 650 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS lb) post emulsifymg rc/ nolvent removable T 651 Surface Preparation ,

(a) In general, satisfactory results may be obtained ,[

T-642 Per.ctrant Materials when the surface of the part is in the as welded, as-The term penetrant materials, as used in this rolled, as-cast, or as-(orged co tdition. Surface prepa-ration by grinding, machining, or other methods may 5}

Article, is intended to include all penetrants, solvents be necessary where surface irregularities could mask T k

or cleaning agents, developers, etc., used in the indications of unacceptable d! continuities. >

examination process. l CAtmON: Blassieg mth shot or dull sand insy peen discontinue -

l '

ties at the surface and should not be used. ..

T 643 Technique Restrictions (b) Prior to all liquid penetrant examinations, the  ;

surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at iF Fluorescent penetrant exarcination shall not follow least 1 in. (25 mm) shall be dry and free of all dirt, 1 a color contrast penetrant exammation. Intermixing of grease, lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, oil, and .?

penetrant materials from different family groups is not other extraneous matter that could obscure surface permitted. A retest with water washable penetrants openings or otherwise interfere with the examination. I' may cause loss of marginal indications due to contaml- (c) Typical cleaning agents which may be used are nation.

detergents, organic so! vents, descaling solutions, and paint rernovers. Degreasing and ultrasonic cleaning  ;:

T-644 Control of Contaminants methods may also be used. y (d) Cleaning solvents shall meet the requirements of '

The user of this Article shall obtain certification of T 644. The cleaning method employed is an important ~-

contaminant content for allliquid penetrant materials part of the examination process. 4 '-

used on nickel base alloys, austenitic stainless steels, O.

and titanium. These certifications shall include the F penitrant manufacturers' batch numbers and the test T-652 Drying p results obtained in accordance with (a) and (b) below. After cleaning, drying of the surfaces to be exam- &

These records shall be maintained as required by the referencing Code Section.

ined shall be accomplished by normal evaporation or with forced hot air, as appropriate. A minimum period

[* ,

(a) When examining nickel base a!!oys, a21 pene-trant materials shall be analyzed for sulphur content of t me shall be established to ensure that the cleaning  ?

solution has evaporated prior to application of the $

by evaporating a 100 g sample of each material for 30 penetrant. "

min at a temperature of 194*F to 2127 (90*C to 100"C) or the boiling point of the material, whichever f

is lower. Penetrant materials are acceptable if the 9

T 660 TECHMQUE REQUIRDIENTS residue does not exceed 0.005 g. If the residue exceeds .f3 0.005 g, it shall be analyzed for sulphur in accordance As a standard technique, the temperature of the T with ASTM Dl29-64 (1973). The sulphur content of pcuctrant and the surface of the part to be processed '

the residue shall not exceed 1% by weight. shall not be below 60T (16*C) nor above 125'F (52*C)

(b) When examining austenitic stainicss steels or throughout the examination period. Local heating or e titanium, s!! penetrant materials shall be analyzed for cooling is permitted provided the part temperature ~. ;

.1.1,n kle .(,me,,e 1,y evnpua ndug a 165 g mumple ut remain 6 m rne range or ou t* to lar tiot to DEt-) i.

e:ch material for 30 min at a temperature of 1947 to during the examination. Where it is not practieni to (

212*F (90'C to 100"C) or the boiling point of the comply with these temperature limitations, other e SR

, temperatures end times may be used, provided the T 663 Drying

. procedures are quallned as specified in T 680.

(a) If a water-washable or post emulsifying tech-nique is used, the surface shall be dry before either dry

  • or nonaqueous developer is applied. The surfaces mty T661 Penetrant Application be dried by blotting with clean materials or by using (c) The pcnetrant may be applied by dipping, circulating warm air, provided the temperature of the bru.hing, s m spraying. If the penetrunt is applied by surface is not raised above 125'F (52*C). Aqueous spraying using compressed-air. type apparatus, filters developer inay be applied to either a wet or dry shall be placed on the up-stream side near the air inlet surface, and shall be dried by circulating warm air, to preclude contamination of the penetrant by oil, Blotting is not permitted for aqueous developer, water, dirt, or sediment that may have collected in the (b/ For the solvent rzmovabic technique, the sur.

lines.

faces may be dried by normal evaporation, blotting, wiping, or forced air.

(b) Penetration time in critical. The minimum penetration time shall be as recommended in SE 165, Table 2, or as qualified by demonstration for specific T 664 Developing applications.

'- The developer shall be applied as soon as possible after penetrant removul; the time interval shall not exceed that established in the procedure. Two types of T 662 Excess Penetrant Removal developer, dry or wet, may be used with fluorescent After the specified penetration time has elapsed, any penetrants. With color contrast penetrants, only a wet penetrant remaining on the surface shall be removed, developer shall be used, taking care to minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities. T-664.1 Dry Developer. A dry developer may be applied usitig a soft brush, hand powder bulb, or p wder gun. Oth: means suited to the size and T-662.1 Water Washable Penetrants. Excess water geometry of the specimen may be used provided the washable penetrant shall'be removed with a water powder i:: dusted evenly over the entire surface being spray. The water pressure shs!! not exceed 50 psi (345 examined.

kPa). and the water temperature sha:1 not exceed Il0'F (43*C). T-664.2 Wet Developer. A wet developer is a suspension or solution of powder in water or a volatile T 662.2 Post Emulsifying Penetrants. With post- solvent. Water solutions or suspensions shall be emulsifying penetrants, the emulsl6er shall be applied applied by dipping, brushing, or spraying to obtain a by spraying or dipping. Emulsification time is critical. thin coating over the entire surface being examined.

and governed by surface roughness and type of Solvent suspensions shall be applied by spraying, discontinuities sought. It shall not exceed 5 min uniens except oftere safety, health, or restricted tecess other times have been quahfied by actual tests. AAer precliade it. Under such conditions, solvent suspended emulsification, the mixture shall be removed by a developer may be applied by brushing. Insufficient water spray using the same processes as for water coating thicknesses may result in pooling and thus

. washable penetrants. mask indications, prior to applying wet developer to

> the surface, the developer must be thoroughly agitated to ensure adequate dispersion of suspended particles.

T 662.3 Solvent Removable Penetrants. Excess solvent removable penetrants shall be removed by Where a water suspension developer is used, dr3ing time may be de:reased by using warm air provided the wiping with a cloth or absorbent paper, repeating the surface temperature of the part is not raised above operation until most traces of penetrant have been removed. The remaining traces shall be removed by 125'F ($2*C).

hghtly wiping the surface with cloth or absorbent paper moistened with solvent. To minimize removal of Interpretation T 665 penetrant from discontinuities, care shall be taken to avoid the use of excess solvent. Flushing the surface The true size und type of discontinuities are ddficult with solvent, following the application of the pene- to evaluate if the penetrant diffuses excessively into the trant and prior to des eloping, is prohibited. developer. Consequen:Iy, the surface shall be closely

$9 L

t .. I 2 T 665-T.683 SF.CTION Y - NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION observed during the application of the developer to unacceptable, and such areas shall be cleaned and t suuhun the behawlor of inmcanons wruen tena to reexammed.

bleed-out profusely. Final interpretation shall be maric after allowing the penetrant to bleed-out for 7 to 30 min. If bleed out does not alter the examination T 680 resuhs, longer periods are permitted. If the surface to QUALIFICATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR NONSTANDARD be examined is large enough to preclude complete .

1 examination whhin the prescribed time, the surt~ ace TEMPERATURES l shall bc cAsmined in inctr.ments, T-68% Ocucral When it is not practical 10 00ndVC1 a licuid l T.665.1 Culur Contrast renetrants. With a color penetrant examination within the temperature range I contrast penetrant, the developer forms a reasonably uniform white coating. Surface discontinuities are of 60*F to 123*F (16*C to $2*C) the examination I technique at the proposed temperature requires qval-indicated by biced out of the penetrant which ix ification. This shall require the use of a quench normally a deep red color that stair's the developer. cracked aluminum block, which in this Article is indientienc with a light piah seier may 1 & t-cesignateo as a ngma pnetrant comparator. One excessive cleaning. Inadequate cleaning may leave an section of the block sball be examined at the proposed cxccssivc backcround makinr inte,rnretarinn riiffien1f comparature, AoJ tl vthw mdva hell L,c cunducJ Ad%t. illandnalinn la inmhnl ni ensine eine at a tau tm ;u duaue. uf 60'r tv 1:!T /1FC w sensitivity during the exammation and evaluation of 52*C).

indications.

=

T.665.2 Fluorescent Penetrants. With fluorescent T 68: Liquid Penetrant Cornparator penetrants, the process is essentially the same as in T-The liquid penetrant cornpriator shall be made of 665.1 except that the examination is conducted in a aluminum, SB 211, Type 2024, % in. (10 mm) thick, darkened area usicg fdtered ultraviolet light, called and shall have approximate face dimensions of 2 in. by block light. The black light intr.nsity at the surface 3 in. ($1 mm by 76 mm). At the center of eacn face,

, under exanunation shall be measured at least once an area approximately 1 in. (25 mm)in diameter shall every 8 hr, and whenever the work locatmn is ,

be marked with a 950*F (510*C) temperature-indicat-changed, using a meter which is sensitive to light in ing crayon or point. The marked area shall be heated the ultravanlet spectrum, centered on 365 nanometer Mth s hlowtorch, Dunten burner, or cimilar devios to (nm) Ub$U A). Two readingo chall ha tahan; the Erst a temperature between 950*F and 975'F ($10*C and without a filter and the second with an ultraviolet 525'C). The spechneu. shall then be inunediately (34 nm) absschi-A f.hw v.w du. n.u.*ns cismem uf quenched in cold water which produces a network of the meter. De second reading shall be subtracted fine cracks on each face. The block shall then be dried from the first and the difference shall be a minimum of by heating to approximately 300*F (149'C). A groove 800 pW/cm 2. The black light shall be filtered ultravio*

les sadiadun of wave lengdta whhin the range or nu mFY M machiatd across the senter of each face approximately /g in. (1.6 mm) deep and L in.

3 nm to 390 nm. The bulb shan be turned on and (1.2 mm) wide, or some other means should be allowed to warm up for not less than 5 min prior to providi:d to permit side by side comparison while me in the examination preventmg cross-contammanon octween tne two smes. ,

One half of the specimen shall be designated "A" and the other "B" for identification in subsequent process-  :

T 670 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS ing. Figure T 682 illustrates the comparator after the M Allindications snan oc evamatco m terms of tne tcreptance standards of the referencing Code Section.

(b) Discontinuities at the surface will be indicated T 683 Comparator Application  !

by bleed-out of penetrant; however, locaEaed surface (a) If it is desired to qualify a liquid penetrant irregularities due to machining marks or other surface examination technique at a temperature of less thac conditions, may produce false indications. 60'F (16*C), the proposed technique shall be applied to (c) Broad areas of fluorescence or pigmentation area "B" after the block and all materials have been whsh could mask indications of discontinuities are cooled to the proposed examination temperature. The .

60

n- o ARTICLE 6 - LIQUtD PENETRANT EXAMINATION 7-643 lL ~

this temperature r:nge. The indications of cracks shall

  • j y- he enmpared between areas "A" and "D." If th:

i .

3 indications obtained under the proposed conditions e are essentially the seme as obtained during examina-i afs4 in,k iq.- In 6 in, tion of 607 to 1257 (16'C to 52'C), the proposed L -

.I technique shall be considered qualified for use.

.1 f

(b) If the proposed temperature for the examination is above 1257 (52*C), then only the block need be held

'[ j i at this temperature throughout the examination of the

B" section. The block shall then be allow ed to cool to i.--

r y 2 in. r, H 3/s an, a temperatun: betwren 607 and 1257 (16*C and 52'C) and_ area "A" shall be examined and compared as describedinT 683(a).

t (e) As an alternate to the requirements of(a) and (b) when using color contrast penetrants, it is permis-a sible to use the entire comparator block for the standard and nonstandard temperatures and to make the comparison by photography. When this alternate

- ^ technique is used, the block may be prepared without the machined groove.

(1) When the entire comparator block and photo-graphic technique is used, the same processing details (as applicable) as described in (a) and (b) app?y. The FIG. T482 LIQUID PENETRANT COMPARATOR block shall be thoroughly cleaned between the two (Note: Dimensions given are for guidance only processing steps. Photographs shall be taken after and are not critical.) processing at the nonstandard temperature and then after processing at the standard temperature. The indication of cracks shall be compared between the block shall then be allowed to warm up to a two photographs. The same criteria for qualification as temperature between 607 and 1257 (16*C and 52*C), (a) above shall apply. .

and aru "A" shall be examined in a manner which (2) The identical photographic techniques shall has previously been demonstrated as suitable for use in be used to male the comparison photographs.

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. SECTION V a ; NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINAT!!N :

i  ! 85 146-t.

1983 Edden 4

ht ie l-i N'

D i1 TABLE i classineesten et IJgend Poseirent gespeece.

Mecheds andTypes Method A Fluorsneemt, t.iguid Penetrent lampsetion

. Tp 3 1-weise eenheirle (Prucedure A,1)

Typc 2-puntaulsinable (Procedure A 2) -

Type 3-soinnt mmovable (Procedun A 31 Method #~Ymble. Liquul Penetreat inspeuuom .

Type B-water-*sahable (Procerlure S l)

  • Type 2-post emulsifkble (Procedure 18 2)

Type 3-solvent removabis (Prosedure B-3)

I s TA31.E 2 Ilmannended Dweg Times DeellTin .s(in minutes)for Methods '-

Maternel, Form . Type of Discontinuity. ^ d 'y,' '.3'.b l*

Penetrant'. Developer

  • Aluminum. magnesium.stes!. cart-castings and welds ce6d shuu. porosity, led of ' $ 7 brass and bronze, titanium fusion cracks (allforms) and high-temperature alleyt wrougAr-catrusions, lan cracks (aliformal 10 7 forgmps. plate Carbide-tipped tools lesk of fusion, porosity, $ 7

. cracks Pfar.ic all forma cracks $ 7 Clos- mil forms cracks 5 1

' Ceramis . aillorms stacks. purosity 3 7

  • For temperature rense from 60 to lis*F (15 to wQ.
  • All dwell times given are recommended minimums.
  • Maximum penetrant dwell tims 60 mm. m assoedence with 6.4.3.
  • Developmcat time besses directly after application of dry developes and as soon as wet developer coating has dried on surface of parts leecommended minimum) 6 4

ee 216 2

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1 ARTICLE 7 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION T 710 SCOPE T 730 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS When specified by the referencing Code Section, the T 731 Basic Requirements and Terminology magnetic particle examination techniques described in When this Article is speci6ed by a referencing Code this Article shall be used. In general, this Anicle ss in Section, the magnetic particle method described in this conformance with SE 109, Standard Method for Dry Anicle shall be used together with Article I. General Powder Magnetic Particle Inspection, and SE 138' Requirements. Definition of terms used in this Article Standard Method for Wet Magnetic Panicle Inspec- may be found in Appendix A. Tossary ofTerms Used tion. These documents provide additmnal details to be in Nondestructive Exammatio er SE 269.

consideredin the procedures used.

T 732 Procedure Reestresients

  • Examination precedures shall be based on the DESCRIPTION OF MEIMOD I !l#"*II "#' *iO" g,

T 720 gj ,

The magnetic panicle examination method may be and the extent of the esaminarian; applied to detect cracks and other discontinuities on (b) magnetization techniques to be used; or near the surfacas of ferromagnetic materials. The 4) equipment to be used for magnetization; sensitivity is greatest for surface discontinuities cid (d) surface preparation (fmishing and cleaning); ,

diminishes rapidly wkh increasing depth of subsurface (e) type of ferrama*=de panicles to be used:

discontinuities below the sarface. Typical types of manufacturer, color, wet, or dry, etc.;

discontinuities that can be detected by this ==*l ad are (f) magnetization currents (type and amperage);

cracks, laps, sean ., cold shuts, and laminations. (g) demagnetization. 1 In principle, this method involves magnetizing an ]

area to be examined, and applying ferromagnetic particles (the examinations medium) to the surface.

The particles will form patterns on the surface where T-740 APPROVED TECHNIQUES AND cracks and other discontinuities cause distortions m ggg the r.ormal magnetic Reid. These patterns are usually chara:teristic of the type of discontinuity that is The ferromagnetic panicles used as an examination detected, medium shall be either wet or dry, and may be either Whichever ter%ique is used to produce the mag- Suorescent or non Buorescent.

netic flux in the part. maximum sensitivity will be to One or more of the following five magnetization  !

l linear discontinuities oriented perpendicular to the techniques shall be used:

lines of Aux. For optimum effectiveness in detecting all la) prod technique; l types of discontinuities, each arma should be erammed (b) longitudinal magnetization technique; j at least twice, with the lines of flux during one (c) circular magnetization technique; l examination approximately perpendicular to the lines (d) yoke technique; gf flux during the other. (c) multi directional magnetization techrdque. l l

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SECTION Y - NONDESTILUCTIVE EXAMINATION I l

T.741-T735 tration recommended in SE 138, Standard Method for T 741 Sequence of Operstion Wet Magnetic Particle Inspection, which contains additional specine requirements on the use of wet Examination shall be done by the continuous I method; that is, the magnetizing cunent retnains particles.

on and the The temperature of the wet particle suspen-sion surface of the part shall not exceed 1357 while the esaminaten medium ,s being applied and i

(37.q while excess of the examinanon medium(c)isFluomeent bems Particles. If Buorescent particles' are j

        1. used, the namination shall be conducted in a dark-ened area using fdtered black light. The blacir light intemity at the surface under examina$n shall be T-750 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS measured at least once every 8 hr, and whenever the Surface Preparation work location is changed, using a meter which is T 751 sensitive to light in the ultraviolet spectrum and  !

(a) Satisfactory results are usually obtained centered when on 365 nanometen (nm) (3650 A). Twl the surfacce are in the as-welded, as rolled, as-cast, or readings shall be taken; the $rst without a Alter and as-forged conditions. However, surface preparation the second by with an ultraviolet (365 nm) absorbing grinding or machining may be necessary where surface fdter placed over the sensing element of the meter. The irregularities could annsk indications due tosecond disconti- reading shall be subtracted from the 2 Arst and nuities. the dWerence shall be a minimen of 800 pW/cm .

(b) Prior to magnetic particle examination, theThe blad light bulb shott be turned on and allowed to

- surface to be examined and a!! adjacent areas within warm atatleast 5 min prior to use.

up for ler.st 1 in. (25 mm) shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding Aux and spatter, oil, or other extraneous matter that could interfereMagnetizing with the Field Adequacy nammation. T 754 (c) C! caning may be accomplished using detergents, When it is necessary to verify the adequacy or

- organic solvents, <l=eng solutions, paint removers, direction of the magnetizing Seld, the Magnetic vapor degreasing, sand or grit blasting, or ultrasomeParticle Field Indicator described in Fig. 8 of Article cleaning methods. 25 (SA 275), shall be used by positioning the indicator n the surface to be enammed. ,

When using this mdicator, a smtable Bux or neld TW MW* strength is indicated when a clearly deAned line of A suitable and appropriate means for producingmagnetic the particles forms across the copper face of necessary magnetic Rux in the part shall be indicatoremployed, when the augnetic particles are applied using one or more of the techniques listed insimultaneously T 740 with the magnetizing force.

and describedin T 760.

When a clearly defined line of particles is not formed, or is not formed in the desired direction, the magnetizing technique sha!! be changed or adjus T-753 Examination Medium The fmely divided ferromagnetic particles used for the examination sha!! meet the following require- ,

T M5 RecMed Cumat 3

(a) Whenever direct current is required rectised. '

4) ry Particles. If dry panicles are used, the colcr of the particles (dry powder) shall provide adequatecurrent may be used. The rectified current for ansgne-f contrast with the surface being examined. Additional tization shall be either three-phase (full-wave recti specine requirements on the use of dry particles current, are or single phase (half. wave recti 5ed) curren given in SE 109, Standard Method for Dry Powder (b) The ampersge required with three-phase, fu Magnetic Particle inspection. Magnetic particles waveex. rectined current shall be veri 6ed by measurin amination shall not be performed if the surfacethe average current.

temperature of the part exceeds 6007 (316*C). (c) The amperage required with single-phase (b) Wet Particler If wet particles are used, the wave color rectined) current shall be veri 5ed by f measurin of the particles shall provide adequate contrast the average current output during the conduct with the surface being examined. The panicles shall becycle only,  :

' suspended in a suitable liquid medium in the concen-o

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ARTICLE 7 - MAGNETIC FARDC1.E EXAMINATION T.786.-T-M4.3 l

i T.756 Demagnettaation T 764 Imagttudinal Magnetizatbn Technique i When residual magnetism in the part could interfere T-764.1 Magnetizing Procedure. For this technique, j with subsequent processing or usage, the part shall be magnetization is accomplished by passing current demagnetized any time after completion of the exami- through a multi turn Exed coil (or cables) that is ,

nation. wrapped around the part or section of the part to be i examined. This produces a longitudinal magnetic Seld parallel to the axis of the coil.

If a Exed, prewound ooil is used the part shall be T.M0 TECHNIQUE REQUIREMENTS 6 placed near the side of the coil during inspection. This

  • Direction of Magnetization T.761 is of special importance when the coil opening is more At least two separate examinations shall be per- than 10 times the cross-sectional area of the part.

i

, formed on eeh area. During the second exammation.

the lines of magnetic Sux shall be approximately T 7(4.2 Magnette Field Strength. Direct or rectined perpendicular to those used during the Erst examina- current shall be used to magnetize parts examined by tion. A different technique for magnetization may be this technique. The required Seld strength sha!! be j used for the second examination. calculated based on the length (L) and the diameter (D) of the part in accordance with (s), (b). rod (c) below. Long posts shall be examined in sections not to T 762 Examination Coverage exceed 18 in. (460 mm), and 18 in. (460 mm) shall be used for the part (4) ir calculating the required Seld

~ All examinations shall be conducted whh suficient attength. For noneylindrical parts. D shall be the overlap to assure 100% coverage at the required maximum cross-sectional diagonal sensitivity (T 754).

(,, p,,,, y,,y y,p p,,,a,5q,,, ,, ,, g,,,,,, y,,

4 De magnetizing current shall be within 210% of T 763 Prod Technique the ampere-turns' value determined as fo!!ows:

T.763.1 Mag- **ig Procedure. For the prod technique, v8= tion is accomplished by portable Ampere-turns =( L/D)+ 2 prod type electrical contacts pressed against the surface in the area to be examined. To avoid arcing, a remote control switch, which may be built into the For example, a part 10 in.'(250 mm) long X 2 in.

prod handles, shall be provided to permit the cunent (50 mm) diameter has an 4/b ntio d 5. Herefore, to be turned on after the prods have been properly positioned.

~

        1. ~***

T-763.2 Magnetizing Current. Direct or rectised (5 magnetizing current shall be used. The current shall be 100 (minimum) to 125 (mnximum) amplin. of psod (b) Parts With L/D Ratios Less &n 4 but Not Less spacing for sections % fra. (20 mm) thick or greater. Na 2. The magnetizing ampere-turns shall be within For sections less than % m, . (20 mm) thick, the current shall be 90 to !!O amp /in. of prod spacteg MO% d the m tum' value determined as g

T 763.3 Prod Spacing. Prod s1.cing shall not exceed 8 in. (200 mm). Shorter spacing may be used 45,000 to accommodate the geometric limitations of the area

^"# " ' ~ L/D beir+g examined or to increase the sensitivity, but prod spacings of 1sss than 3 in. (80 mm) are usually sot practical due to banding of the particles around the (c) Parts With L/D Rat /ar Less Than 2. An alternate f rm of magnetization sha!! be used.

prods. The prod tips shall be kept clean and dressed. If the open circuit voltage of the magnetidng current source is greater than 25 Y, lead, steel, or aluminum T 764.3 Magnetizing Current. The current regered (rather than copper) tipped prods are recommended to to obtain the necessary magnetizing field strength shall avoid copper deposits on the part being examined. be determined by dividing the ampere-turns obtained 65 I

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~ SEcr15N y - NONDBS11ttiTIVE EXAnGNATION lL - h 7, 74,73 - '!

surface of the cylinder. When the oceductor is not c en la etaps (a) or (b) above by the number of turns la the the l oentered, ' circumference of the cylinder shall be 3 Loollas follows: esaudmed la increments and magnetie teld strength O

indicator, applied in accordance with T455,' shad be' hpsies Wa ending) , ampemtwns **** 1 used to determine the eatent of the are that may be esamined for each conductor position. Bem, or ombles passed through the bore of a cylinder, may be used to -

For example. if a 5.eurs ooit is used and the ampere- induceaircularmagnetization. . .

tems aquired am 5000,see (W #synerWar Commt.1hs Geld strenge re. - ,,

quired sher he.aqual to that detennised ia T465.l(b) g for a single turn central conductor. The magnetic dold

-~g - = IOM amperes (e 10%). shall be lacreased in proportion to the number of times the central conductor cable posses through a hollow q

part. For esample, if 6000 amperes are required to a esassine a pers using a single central oceductor, 3000 ~

> 7468 Circular Magnetization Technique 8mP are seguired when' 2 tum of the through cable q{

i T46g.1 Direct Centact Techalque -  ; and 1200 emp am W H tum am l

(a) Magneristar x hacedww. . For this technique, magnetization is accomplished by passing current d

L .through the part to be exandswd.11ds pro ucesT466 a Yoke Teebnique f

  • cirealer magnetic 8 eld that is approximately perpen* q ez;I dicular to the direction of current Sow in the part. 7466.1 Application.1his method shall only be 8ed (half. appued a detect encontinuitie est an open m se gj ym~ c,,sar. I) mot or rect:

wave sectiand or full-wave rectised) magnetizingsurface of espanc

!' entrent shall be used. The required current sha!! be T466.2 Mesnedsins Precedure.For this technique detemined using the following guidelines:

alternating or direct current ?

-"' yokes,or

(( ; * . (1) for parts with outer diame s p to 5 la.

permanent magnet yokes,shau be used (125 mm),100 to 900' amp /m. of dise sect shnu be

{. used; Nom asay $sr amansk % in. (6 and = Ims in thickans,

-(2) for parts with outer diameten over $ la. * d p g*""j" g gni,", p ,'~,,",,7,, " d Q g (125 mer) up to 10 in. (250 mm). 500 to 700 emp/in. ab esanuais.

of dianneter shallbe used; F (J)lbr parts with outer diameters over 10 in.

,, _ __ _, M*8"'80'"I'"

!! - (250 mm) up to 15 in. (380 inm),300 to 500 amp T407/in. M"I',",",

Technique T . of dinawar dau kmedt h

(4) for parts with outer diamaters over !$ in. 7467.1 h8agnetising Procedure. For this technique (3g0 mm),' 100 to 330 amp /in. of outer diametersmagnetization is accomplished by high amperage .

y shanbeused; power packs operating as many as three circuits t

_(5) for parts with geometric shapes other than are estagined one et a rinne in rapid sucosesion. The round, the' greatest cross-sectional diagonal in a esset planeof these rapidly alternating magnetizing currents j at right angles to the etrnnt now shall determine is mtheproduce an overall magnetization of the part in

' inches to be used in the above computations; multiple directions. Circular or longitudinal magnetic (d) as an alternate, fbe noneylindrical parts only, Selds snay be generated in any combination using the j the magrwtising aanperage may be established using o various techniques described in T464 and T465.

the Magnesic Parucle Field Indicator per T 754.

T467J Magnetic Field Stangtk.Only three phase,
  • I T.768.2 CentralCoadsetorTechnigne full-wave rectined current shall be used to magnetise g ,

I (e) Magnettslag hacesfm. For this technique, a the part. The initial magnetizing current requirements central conductor is used to examine theforinternet each circuit shallbe established using the previous-surfaces of ring or cylindrically shaped parts, The ly described guidelmas (see T 764 and T 765). T central conductor technique may also be need fr,r adequacy of the magnetic Seld shall be demonstra l

i saamining the outside surfaces of these shapes. Where in' accordance with T454, and a magnetic 8 eld large diameter cylindm are to be examined, the indicator shall be used to verify that an adequate Re conductor shall be positioned close to the internal 66

ARTICLE 7 - MASNET1C FARTICLE EXAMINATION T-747.3-T.783 i

. A obtained in at least two nearly perpendicular T.780 CALIBRATION CF EQUIPMENT ,

w directions. For areas where adequate seld strengths T 781 Pregnancy of Calibration cannot be demonstrated, additional magnetic particle whniques shall be used to obtain the required two Each. piece of magnetizing equipment shall be directionalcoverage, calibrated at least once a year, or whenever the equipment has been subjected to major electric repair, periodic overhaul, or damage. If equipment has.not T.767.3 Technique Sketch. A technique sketch shall been in use for a year or more, calibration shall be be prepared for each different geometry examined donc prior to Arst use.

showing the Part geometry, cable arrangement and connections, magnetizing current for each circuit, and the areas of eatmination where adequate $cid T 782 Egalpment With Ammeters strengths are obtained. Parts with repetitive geome- (a) hacedure. The accuracy of the unit's meter tries, but different dimensions, may be nammed using shall be verded annually by equipment traceable to a a single sketch provided that the magnetic Aeld national standard Comparative readings shall be strength is adequate when demonstrated in accordance taken for at least three different current output levels with T-767.2. encompassmg the unable range.

(b) Tolerance. The unit's meter reading shall not deviate by more than e 10% of full scale, relative to the actual current value as r.hown by the test meter.

NOTE Wbcn amasurins half-wave rectised current wd a direct T.770 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS (a) Allindications shall be evaluated in terms of the T 783 h acceptance staradards of the referencing Code Section.

(a) The magnetizing force of yokes shall be calibrat-(b) Discontinuities on or near the surface are

, indicated by retention of the examination medium. ed by determining their hfting power.

However, loca!! zed surface irregularities due to ma- (b) Each thernating current electromagnetic yoke chining marks or other surface conditions may pro- shall have a Idbag power of at least 10 lb (4.5 kg) at duce falseindications. the maximum pole spacing that will be used.

(c) Broad areas of particle accumulation which (e) Each direct current or permanent magnetic might mask indications from discontinuities are pro- yoke shall have a lifting power of at least 40 lb hibited, and such areas shall be cleaned and re- (18.1 kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will be examined, used.

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Trojan Nuclear Plant Document Control Desk

  • Docket 50-344 September 8, 1989 License NPF-1 Attachment 2 Page 1 of 1 REVIEW OF FIRST TEN-YEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION (ISI) INTERVAL The following is submitted in response to the requent that a review of the closeout of the first Ten-Year ISI Interval be performed:
1. Backr.round:

A review of the first Ten-Year ISI Interval Program, which was administered under contract, was performed in 1985 by an independent auditor. An extensive and complete effort was rade by the auditor to ensure full code compliance. The auditor identified a number of open items which were recommended to be added to the ISI Program scope for 1986; however, the implementation of the recommendations failed to include an examination of seismic restraint SR-122.

As a result of the May 1989 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) ISI Inspection finding that the examination of the seismic restraint had not been performed Portland General Electric Company (PGE) verified the status of the open items identified by the independent auditor in 1985. Our verification revealed that all other open items had been completed.

2. Reason for the Missed Examination:

Personnel error on the part of both the contractor and PCE resulted in the missed examination of seinmic restraint SR-122. A contributing factor was the manual tracking of ISI Program items used by the contractor during the fire,t ten-year interval.

I

3. Corrective Action:
a. The missed examination of the seismic restraint was documented in a Nonconforming Activity Report (NCAR).
b. The missed examination was performed and credited to the first ten-year interval. Corrective action was required as a result of the examination, although the seismic restraint was found j acceptable for continued use. Reexamination was performed following corrective action completion.
c. A review was performed for all other items to be added to the 1986 examination program to ensure no further items were missed.
d. PGE is now fully controlling the ISI Program without the use of an outside program administrator. The program scope and sche-duling are managed using a computer software system to better implement and track the large number of examinations required to ensure code compliance during the second and subsequent ten-year intervals.

LCD/mr/3508W.889 .

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