ML20080T839
| ML20080T839 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Arkansas Nuclear  |
| Issue date: | 06/10/1983 |
| From: | Inman S BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20080T838 | List: |
| References | |
| RDD:84:5303-04:, RDD:84:5303-04:02, RDD:84:5303-4:, RDD:84:5303-4:2, NUDOCS 8310250424 | |
| Download: ML20080T839 (161) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ______ _ ______________ _ _ ____ RDD:84:53034)4:02
.~
s e e a 9 9 s G B- e e o L t
- EXAMINATION OF OTSG TUBES B73-8 AND B112-19 FROM ANO-1
- FINAL REPORT -
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION LYNCHBURG RESEARCH CENTER SPONSORED BY ARKANSAS POWER AND LIGHT 8310250424 830915 JUNE 1983 gDRADOCK05000
B&W makes no warranty or representation, expressed or implied: a with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or useful-ness of the information contained in this report e that the use of any information, apparattin, method, or process disclosed in this report may infringe privately owned rights. B&W assumes no liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of: e any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report e experimental apparatus furnished with this report.
EXAMINATION OF OTSG TUBES B73-8 AND B112-19 FROM ANO-1 l - Final Report - l RDD:84:5303-04:02 gr . BY S. C. Inman Nuclear Materials l June 10, 1983 I t Sponsored by: AP&L l DISTRIBUTION (COMPANY-LIMITED) This information is freely available to all Company personnel. Written approval by sponsoring unit's R&D coordinator is l required only if release outside of the Company is requested. < l l BABC0CK & WILC0X COMPANY Research & Development Division Lynchburg Research Center P. O. Box 239 Lynchburg, Virginia 24505
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
SUMMARY
............................. 1
- 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- 2. METHODS AND RESULTS ....................... 4 2.1 Phase I - Receipt Inspections and NDE ........... 4 2.1.1 Receipt Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.2 Macrovisual Inspection and Photography . . . . . . . 4 2.1.3 X-Ray Radiography ................. 5 2.1.4 Eddy Current Inspection .............. 6 2.1.5 Diameter Measurements ............... 8 2.2 Phase II - Destructive Examinations ............ 9 2.2.1 Tube Sectioning .................. 9 l 2.2.2 Vi sual Inspecti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 l 2.2.2.1 Stereoscopic Low Power Inspection .... 9 l 2.2.2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy /
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis . . . . . 11 ( 2.2.3 Chemical Analyses ................. 13 2.2.3.1 X-Ray Diffraction and Emission Spectroscopy .......... 14 ( 2.2.3.2 Wet Chemistry .............. 15 2.2.3.3 Electron Microprobe Analysis . . . . . . . 15 2.2.3.4 Electron Spectroscopy for Compound Analyses ............ 16 2.2.3.5 Sodium Azide Test ............ 16 2.3 Phase III - Bend Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 l 2.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy / ! Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 17 l 2.3.2 Metallography ................... 20 2.4 Phase IV - Additional Tube Surface Characterization .... 22 l 3. DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- 4. CONCLUSIONS ........................... 94
- 5. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 APPENDICES
s- . BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 11 List of Tables Table Page
't 2-1 Tube Section Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2-2 Microvisual Inspection Results for Tube B73-8 ....... 27 ..
2-3 Microvisual Inspection Results for Tube B112-19 ...... 28 2-4 X-Ray Rafiography Results ..............,.. 29 2-5 Eddy Current Inspection Results .............. 30 2-6 X-Ray Diffraction Results ................. 31 2-7 X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy Results ............ 32
- 2-8 Electron Microprobe Results ................ 33 2-9 Electron Spectroscopy for Compound Analyses Results .... 34 List of Figures Figure 2-1 Tube B73-8 Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 ..
2-2 Tube B112-19 Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2-3 Typical OTSG Tube Characteristics .............. 37 2-4 Tube B73-8 OD Surface Deposits Near UTS ........... 38 2-5 Tube B112-19 OD Surface Deposits Near UTS .......... 39 2-6 Tube B112-19 OD Surface Deposits Near 15 TSP . . . . . . . . . 40 2-7 Locat'on of Eddy Current Indications in Tube B73-8 . . . . . . 41 2-8 B73-8 Plot of Tube Diameter Versus Axial Position ...... 42 2-9 B112-19 Plot of Tube Diameter Versus Axial Position ..... 43 2-10 Tube Sectioning and Bending Technique ............ U . . 2-11 OD Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas . . . . . . . 4b 2-12 OD Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas . . . . . . . 46 2-13 OD Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas . . . . . . . 47 2-14 OD Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas . . . . . . . 48 2-15 ID Surface of Tube B73-8 in Areas 2 and 3 .......... 49 2-16 OD Surface of Tube B112-19 Defect Indication Area ...... 50 2-17 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2-18 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2-19 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 ~ 2-20 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2-21 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2-22 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2-23 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2-24 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 E 2-25 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 = 2-26 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 (After Cleaning) ... 60 &r t "M 2-27 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 1 Crack Surface . . . . . . 61 %y 2-28 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 3 (After Bending) . . . . . 62 2p h?,
%,g.
y-f [. h:,
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE iii List of Figures (Cont'd) Figure Page 2-29 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 8 (After Bending) . . . . . 63 2-30 SEM Micrographs of Tube b73-8 Area 9 (After Bending) . . . . . 64 2-31 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 9 (After Cleaning) .... 65 ' 2-32 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 (After Bending) . . . . 66 1 2-33 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 Aiter Bending .... 67 2-34 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 2 After Bending
.... 68 2-35 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 3 (After Bending) . . . . 69
^
2-36 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 4 (After Bending .... 70 . . 2-37 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 5 (After Bending .... 71 _ 2-38 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 6 (After Bending .... 72 2-39 Longitudinal Metallographi.c Examination Technique ...... 73 2-40 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 2-41 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 2-42 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 .. 2-43 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 2-44 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 2-45 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 2-46 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2-47 Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2-48 Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Areas 2 and 3 .......... 82 2-49 Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 2-50 Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2-51 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Near Area 6 (Before and After Cleaning) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 2-52 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Near Area 6 - Localized IGA and Secondary Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 2-53 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 7 (After Cleaning) .... 87 - 2-54 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 10 ............ 88 2-55 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 10 (After Cleaning) . . . . 89 2-56 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 11 ............ 90 2-57 SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 12 ~,_ (Before and After Cleaning) . . ............... 91 2-58 SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 7 (After Cleaning) . . . 92 i
---s
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4 The author would like to acknowledge those persons who contributed to the comp'etion of this report. Gary Bain - General support and help whenever it was required. Dave Kimmel Macon Hensley Bill Shield. Bill Machin Wayne Dalton Jimmy Seagle Carlton Stinnett Bobby Dudley - Tube sectioning and' machining operations. Woody White - Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Don Harris - -Health Physics support. Scott Pennington Larry Sarver - Consultation and project support. Phil Daniel
^
Mike Rigdon Norm Jacob Bernard Parham - Metallography. John Bullard - Chemical analyses. Wayne Latham - Eddy current examinations. Sam Lester Susan Haghi - Typing of reports. l
L O BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 1
SUMMARY
The upper portion of two steam generator tubes was removed from service and sent to the LRC for metallurgical examinations. Tube B73-8 had in-service eddy current defect indications within the upper tubesheet (UTS) and B112-19 had an indication near the 15th tube support plate. Laboratory examination techniques used were eddy current, stereomacroscopy , scanning electron microscopy, bend tests, chemical analyses, and metallography. Circumfer- , entially oriented through-wall intergranular cracking was found within the UTS region of tube B73-8. A region of 20% through-wall intergranular attack (IGA) was found in tube B112-19 in the eddy cdrrent indication area. Sampled areas of both tubes showed surface IGA less than 10% through-wall. The attack on the tubes initiated on the outside surface. i t
's s --i.
l BABC0CK & WILCOX _ RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 2
- 1. INTRODUCTION An eddy current inspection was performed in both AN0-1.0TSGs during the November 1982 outage. A large number of eddy current indie.ations ware identified during the inspection. In order to verify the type of indication and determine the damage extent and mechanism, the upper portion of tubes 73-8 and 112-19 containing the defect indication areas were removed from the B-0TSG and sent to the Lynchburg Research Center (LRC) for metallurgical examination. Tube 73-8 contained multiple defect indication signatures within the UTS and tube 112-19 contained a signature typical of those seen below the UTS.
This laboratory examination was performed in four phases: Phase I - Receipt Inspection and Nondestructive Examinations, Phase II - Destructive Examinations, Phase III - Bend Testing, and Phase IV - Additional Tube Surface Characterization. The activities performed during this examination are shown below. The results of these activities are presented in this report. ANO-1 OTSG Tube Examination Activities
. Radiation level measurement
. Tube length measurement
. Tube orientation determination
. X-ray radiography
. Diameter measurement
. Eddy current inspection
. Macro- and microvisual examinations
. Tube sectioning
. Bend testing
. Chemical cleaning
. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analyses (SEM/EDX)
1 i BABCOCK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 3
. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and emission spectroscopy
. Electron microprobe analyses (EMP)
. Electron spectroscopy for compound analysis (ESCA)
. Metallography
( o e' 1
. . i
I BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02' PAGE 4
- 2. METHODS AND RESULTS 2.1 Phase I - Receipt Inspection and Nondestructive Examinations 2.1.1 Receipt Inspection . .
The tube sections were packaged in " lay-flat" plastic tubing and labeled prior to shipment from the ANO-1 site. A 55-gallon drum with an inner six-inch diameter tube holder was used to ship the tube sections. The drum was received at the LRC on January 31, 1983 and read 250 millirem radiation on contact and approximately 13 millirem at a distance of three feet. Indi-vidual tube sections were removed from the drum and read between 250 and 400 millirem radiation on contact and 50 millirem at one foot. The length of each tube section was measured and is listed in Table 2-1. Tube B73-8 was first cut during the removal operation at. 69-3/16 inches, the location just above the 15th tube support plate (TSP), and removed from the _ _ , , , OTSG in four sections. Tube B112-19 was cut at 105 inches, the location of U the 14th TSP, and removed in five sections. Schematics of the two removed j4. g :.k;6 tubes with respect to the OTSG are shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2. The orien- $,,y v[;u } . tation of each tube section with respect to the OTSG was then determined by ' p'la ".[ locating an axial scribe near the top of the tube which corresponded to the 3!; L^ f X-axis of the OTSG. Each tube section was marked as to piece number and [;.',: location of X-axis. [. 2.1.2 Macrovisual Inspection and Photography y : .y. The full length of each tube section was photographed at four 90 intervals i.[ using 35mm color photography. Tables 2-2 and 2-3 list the results of the Q%$ fy.>. lMk visual inspection of tubes B73-8 and B112-19, respectively. Observations made on these tubes were typical of those made on tubes removed from other plants and include dry-out stains, removal and handling markings, and color variations along their length. Figure 2-3 shows photographs of some typical observations seen on tubes B73-8 and B112-19.
i .O . k.y1 m s BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 5 D. ' ! .. . [q-d; _.?. . .;
. ;J ' . .
Both tubes had unusually heavy black deposits near the UTS secondary face. 7/Y n
- z. u ., .. ,
Tube B73-8 had deposits extending from three inches within the UTS to a ' ,i . g maximum of nine inches below the UTS secondary face. Figure 2-4 shows these [3[y) deposits in different orientations. A through-wall hole is visible just l J(p above the UTS face on the Y-axis. It appears that the UTS crevice may have f.R. . O, been tightly packed with deposits at the secondary face and were spalled = (;"o1. lc, ,. during tube removal. This would help explain why the B73-8 required a y; l breakaway force of 2,748 pounds during removal and why the through-wall $?;.ly cracks within the UTS (discussed later) did not leak during service. I 7.p .h. The deposits on tube B112-19 were within four inches above the UTS secondary M,3. . face and are shown in Figure 2-5. These deposits appeared relatively uni- *. M.x.. form in thickness and were not as heavy or spalled as were those on tube [ x[3,i. B73-8. The 13th tube support plate (TSP) region of tube B112-19 also f L d-appeared to have black deposits where the lands contacted the tube. These dh. 'I deposits are shown in Figure 2-6, and were not as heavy as those seen near
.7 the UTS face. 3},.,-
3 [$ The most defined dry-out stains on both tubes were located at approximately QP[
. g . .,
midspan 16 and above. Very light and spotted stains were seen along the yf y.' full lengths. The dry-out stains are thought to be due to the auxiliary i.{ ,ij. . .:. feedwater flow, which enters the OTSC at an elevation near midspan 16. This R.1 ~ is supported by the fact that the heaviest stained areas of these tubes were %g%,.> n on surfaces in the direction of the auxiliary feedwater inlet nozzles. [:[ ,. p% ;,:i x No consistent trends in color variations on these tubes could be determined. The color of the tubes varied with axial location, being light brown within the UTS and a mixture of greenish-blue brown and purple further down the tubes. 2.1.3 X-Ray Radiography Each tube section was radiographed at two orientations, 90 apart. Table 2-4 lists the comments made while inspecting the radiograph prints shown in M
BABCOCK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 6 Appendix A. The circumferential and vertical scribes near the top of the tube are made during the site removal operation to maintain proper OTSG orientation. Scall dark specks were occasianally seen and correspond to areas of greater mass, thus decreasing the amount of X-rays to expose the film. These dark specks are probably chips and fines produced during the tube removal operation. Light marks, on the other hand, indicate lower mass areas, i.e. , tubewall defects. Tube B73-8 Piece 2 contained circumferentially-oriented indications typical of tubewall defects. A total of six defect indications were visible in the 0* orien-taion, with four visible when retated 90 . The indication at 12 inches from the top of Piece 2 was the most well defined and corresponded to a through-wall hole which was visible on the OD surface of the tube section (discussed in Section 2.1.2). Piece 3 contained the most tube removal damage, with OD fluctuations at 3-1/2 inches and a slight bend at 1-1/2 inches from the top. The diameter fluctuations near the bottom of Piece 4 appear to have been caused by the ID cutting device used during the tube removal operation. Tube B112-19 Other than the previously mentioned dark specks, this tube was relatively free of indications. There were, however, areas of mechanical damage in the form of mandrel marks in Piece 3 and OD fluctuations in Piece 4. A very unifona circumferential band was near the area of OD fluctuations in Piece
- 4. It was later determined during the visual inspections that the presence of mechanical damage on the outside surface resulted in the circumferential band.
2.1.4 Eddy Current Inspection Prior to the laboratory eddy current (EC) inspection, the ends of each tube section were " faced" lightly on a lathe to remove the crimp caused by the tubing cutter used during the site removal operation. This permitted easy insertion of the EC probes.
BABC0CK & WILC0X ROD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 7 In attempts to simulate the site (ANO-1) EC responses, a carbon steel UTS mock-up was placed over the UTS region of the tube when inspected. The laboratory inspections used a 0.500-inch diameter annular differential probe with 600 kHz and a 400/200 kHz mix for suppression of tube support plate (TSP) response. Table 2-5 lists the defect indications seen during the site (ANO-1) and laboratory EC inspections. Figure 2-7 shows the locations of the EC indi-cations with respect to the OTSG axes. A total of six laboratory defect indications were seen in tube B73-8 and were contained within a 6-inch region above the UTS secondary face. In all cases, the laboratory depth estimates were gretter than those made at the site. This is commonly the case and has occurred with the UTS indications in other tube examinations. No depth estimate of the indication at 20.5 inches could be made in the laboratory due to a distorted signal (later determined to have been caused by two adjacent defects). The location of each defect indication was verified on the OD surface using a surface scanning absolute " pencil" probe. l As listed in Table 2-5, each defect indication was designated as an exami-nation area, with Area 1 being the uppermost indication. A 63% through-wall defect indication was detected during the site inspection of tube B112-19 just below the 15th TSP (approximately 73 inches). Several techniques were used in the laboratory to examine this region of the tube. l In addition to using the 0.500-inch probe with TSP mix, a dent mix was also used in attempts to simulate the site inspection signal. An absolute OD surface scanning " pencil" probe was , sed to inspect the 15 TSP region. A 0.540-inch differential probe with increased defect sensitivity was also used, but a small dent just below the 15 TSP region prevented it from passing the suspect area. No defect irdications were seen during the laboratory EC inspections of tut'e B112-19. The presence of OD mechanical damage near the 15 TSP (shown ir. Figure 2-6) could have possibly " masked" or obscured any defect information. Other areas of minor mechanical damage were detected during the laboratory inspection in tube B112-19 which appear
r BABC0CK.& WILC0X __ RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 8 to have been caused by the gripping tools used during the tube removal operations. Additional details of the eddy current inspections are given in Reference 1, which is contained in Appendix B. 2.1.5 Diameter Measurements Outside and inside diameter (OD and ID) measurements were made at 1/2-inch increments and two 90 orientaions along the entire length of each tube section. The OD mea 5Jrementi were made using a Zygo Laser Telemetric System with an accuracy of 0.00001-inch. A Brown and Sharpe Intrimik with an accuracy of 0.0002 was used to measure the ID. The two orientation mea-surements for both the ID and OD taken at each increment were averaged, from which the tubewall thickness was calculated. These data are listed in Appendix C. Variations in tube diameters correlated well with anomalies identified during the macrovisual, X-ray radiography, and eddy current inspections. Tube B73-8 Figure 2-8 shows the diameter data plotted versus tube axial position, with areas of previously observed anomalies noted. Areas of tube removal damage, surface deposits and eddy current indications corresponded to variations in tube diameters ranging from approximately 0.0005- to 0.020-inch. The most abrupt change occurred at approximately 32 to 35 inches from the top, where the OD and IC decreased from nominal 0.625- and 0.550-inch, respectively, to 0.615- and 0.540-inch. There is no apparent service-related explanation for this sudden 0.010-inch decrease in diameter. Althougn this tube required a very large tensiie load to remove from the OTSG, the diameter uniformity of the lower portion implies that the diameter decrease may be a manufacturing artifact and not caused during tube removal.
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 9 Tube B112-19 The tube diameters were relatively uniform along the length as Figure 2-9 indicates. Small dent indications were observed during the laboratory EC inspection just below the UTS secondary face and near the 15th TSP. These locations corresponded to small irregularities in the diameter plots. In - addition, a defect indication was observed during the site EC inspection and mechanical damage was visible during the macrovisual inspection just below the 15th TSP. The small diameter increases at 38 inches from the top were visible on the radiographs and appeared to be caused by the tube gripping tools used during the removal operation. - 2.2 Phase II - Destructive Examinations 2.2.1 Tube Sectioning The tube sectioning diagrams in Appendix D show the areas sampled for further examinations. All cuts were made using either a Leco slow speed diamond saw or a jeweler's hand saw, both with a 0.020-inch blade width. Coolant was occasionally used with the diamond saw. No allowances were made on the diagrams for saw kerfs. Initially, only those areas containing eddy current indications were sectioned from the tubes. These were Areas 1 to 6 from tube B73-8 and Area 1 from tube B112-19. Additional areas of both tubes were later sampled and are Areas 7 to 13 from B73-8 and Areas 2 to 7 from B112-19. The length of , the sectioned samples was betwecn 1/2 and 1--1/2 inch. Figure 2-10 shows the 6.gJ.h: r.: technique used to longitudinally split the samples ia half to permit visual W j.-6.. t' *'-* inspection of the ID surfaces. Bend test and metallography samples were 4:Q obtained by sectioning each half into two longitudinal strips each, ih%
.f 2.2.2 Visual Inspections h.1 Jy.iv..;
2.2.2.1 Stereoscopic Low Power Inspection
.p;e.y g,
A Nikon stereo macroscope was used with magnifications up to 32X to visually ,l.;;. ' .; inspect the tube ID and OD surfaces. In general, the ID surface appearance ). cp -
.m-...-,.- :
p _ _ . _ _ . . . name
c
~
BABCOCK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 10 of all samples examined was light brown in color and typical of OTSG tubing removed from service. Tube B73-8 OD surface micrographs of defect indication areas are shown in Figures 2-11 - through 2-14. The approximate extent of the indications was circled with - 7 black ink during the EC inspection. Heavy black OD surface deposits in these areas prevented an accurate confirmation of defect presence during the
'~
visual inspections. Areas 1, 2, and 3 did have circumferential crack-like features, but nothing anomalous was visible in Areas 4 and 5. A 100% ,_ through-wall hole was visible in Area 6, with unusually large axial extent on the 00 surface, and is shown in Figure 2-14. Areas 7 to 12 were inspected using other techniques and not examined by stergo macroscopy. Inspection of the ID surfaces revealed a circumferential crack in Areas 2 and 3. Figure 2-15 shows these cracks, which appear to have been
" stretched" at the crack tips, thus opening them slightly in the axial
- direction. This probably occurred during tube removal, since large (approximately 2,700 pounds) axial forces were applied, and may have contributed to the larger depth estimates of the laboratory EC indications. _
The ID surface of the sample removed from Areas 4 and 5 appea ed normal with no defects visible. The axial scrapes visible on the ID surface were caused by the insertion and removal of EC probes and tube removal devices and are _3 typical for OTSG tubes removed from service. Tube B112-19 - The OD surface of Area 1 revealed a substantial amount of mechanical damage. _ .. This damage consisted of axially oriented scrapes and " plowed-up" metal and I-is shown in Figure 2-16. Since the overall OD surface was dark in this region and the damage was shiny, this implies that the damage was not service related. No obvious defect's or cracks were visible on either the ID - - - or OD surfaces of Area 1 which could be attributed to the site EC defect s z' Y
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 11 indication. The other sampled areas of tube B112-19 were not examined by stereo macroscopy. 2.2.2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM and EDX)
- An ETEC Autoscan microscope
- was used to perform high magnification inspec-tions of the tube samples. An EDX spectrum was obtained on selected areas of some samples while in the SEM to qualitatively determine the chemical ], . ; .-
species present in concentrations >2 weight percent (detectability limit).
.[~
-s-J. g N
___- IE
*The ETEC Autoscan microscope automatically records pertinent data on the y micrographs: 4 Length Scale Working Distance (m)
\ 001.0g: : i'h 05-3 20.0 13 100 118 .i Magnification {
W L Acceleration Negative X_ 5x10' Voltage ID Number g E r D 5 - E g 7 g L E y i E It h i e M v
=
?
=4mmusumrasuunner h
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE'12 Tube B73-8 Micrographs of the OD surfaces of the samples from Areas 2 and 3 of tube B73-8 are shown in Figures 2-17 through 2-19.~ No cracks were visible in either area, but heavy surface deposits were present which would have covered any cracks. An EDX spectrum from the surface deposit in Area 3 shown in Figure 2-19 on which significant peaks (>2 wt. %) of magnesium (Hg), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) were visible. These elements are in addition to chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and nickel (N1), the major alloying constituents nf Inconel 600. While examining the ID surfaces of Areas 2 and 3, the circumferential cracks seen during the macroscopic inspection were studied. Both cracks were intergranular in nature and relatively free of heavy deposits on the portion of the crack surfaces nearest the 10. Figures 2-20 and 2-21 show micro-graphs of these two cracks. Observations made during the macroscopic inspection were confirmed, in that the crack tips appear .to have been
" stretched". These observations support the theory that the cracks were " stretched" during the tube removal operation and, thus, may be a partial explanation as to why the laboratory defect indication depth estimates are slightly greater than those made fror the site EC data. ,
The OD surface of Areas 4 and 5 appeared very similar, with heavy deposits in both areas. A typical micrograph of deposits, which contained detectable sulfur using EDX, is shown in Figure 2-22. Area 5 did, however, have a circumferential crack-like feature visible under high magnification and is shown in Figure 2-23. An accurate depth estimate could not be made using the SEM, therefore it was not determined whether or not the cracking was limited to the surface deposits. The EDX spectrum in Figure 2-23 showed I silicon and sulfur to be present in the deposit cracking in Area 5. The ID surface of Areas 4 and 5 appeared typical of 0TSG tubes removed from service I and a micrograph is also shown in Figure 2-23.
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 13 Area 6 of B73-8 contained the 100% through-wall circumferential hole seen during the macrovisual inspection. Micrographs of the OD surface are shown ; in Figures 2-24, which identify its intergranular nature. The IGA was rather extensive on the OD surface, which produced its hole-like appearance. ? The entire crack surface was covered with deposits, which indicates its ' exposure to a :orrosive environment during 0TSG service. The EDX spectrum ' from a portion of the crack surface revealed a trace amount of sulfur and -- large quantities of silicon, and is shown in Figure 2-24, 3 Tube B112-19
^
The area of tube B112-19 with the 63% site EC indication (Area 1) was examined using SEM to try to determine the cause of the indication. Figure -- 2-25 shows micrographs of areas of mechanical damage on the OD surface of ___ the sample (also visible during the macroscopic inspection). Nearly all of .j the scrapes and scratches were into the base metal and axially oriented, indicating axial forces resulted in the metal being pushed and " plowed-up." In attempts to further characterize this damage, the sample was cleaned in . an ultrasonic bath of inhibited hcl solution (500 ml 6N hydrochloric acid - plus lg hexamethylene tetramine) at ambient temperature to remove the 00 9 surface deposits. The sample was re-examined using SEM and the micrographs are shown in Figure 2-26. As is clearly evident at higher magnifications, \ the base metal was " smeared" in the axial direction, indicating that this - r may have occurred during the site tube removal operation. _ r. 2.2.3 Chemical Analyses s In order to determine the elements and compounds present on the ID, OD and crack surfaces, samples were analyzed using several chemical analysis ._'_ _ techniques. An OD scrape sample was taken from the heavily deposited region of tube B73-8 at 24 to 32 inches and analyzed using x-ray diffraction, x-ray _'- emission spectroscopy, and wet chemistry. An ID powder sample was removed from the same tube section with a silicon carbide hone and drill motor. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze this sample. The x-ray diffraction , work was performed at Battelle Columbus Laboratories. X-I-
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 14 Two surface analysis methods were used to chemically characterize the intergranular crack surface from Area 1 of tube B73-8. These methods were Electron Spectroscopy for Compound Analyses (ESCA) and Electron Microprobe (EMP) analysis and were also performed at Battelle. 2.2.3.1 X-Ray Diffraction and Emission Spectroscopy A Phillips X-ray diffractometer with a Debye-Scherrer powder camera was used to analyze the ID powder sample and the OD scrape sample. Table 2-6 lists the elements and compounds identified by studying the diffraction line intensitites. The suspected origination of the species fotnd is also
.Q
- .Mg M. h listed, along with the relative strengths of the diffraction lines. Inten- f;p p sity data should only be used as a rough indication of relative concentra- [Qq ;
tion. The unknown species listed are due to very weak diffraction lines, @i from which the compound (s) could not be identified. No anomalous species k; g4 were observed from .the results of the ID powder sample. The OD scrape my -{ sample consisted mainly of ferroan trevorite and nickel. A nickel sulfide .y specie and sobotkite were identified by barely detectable diffraction lines, y.] .J; indicating their presence in very low concentrations.
.w h>h e; Table 2-7 lists the compounds and their concentrations detected in the OD
?%J
'W scrape sample when analyzed using X-ray emission spectroscopy. The com-W3q, -
pounds listed are based on the calibration standards used and may not be the actual form of the elements in the sample. The bulk of the sample was com- [hj[.,h p prised of Iron and nickel oxides, while oxides of Cu, Cr, $1, and kn ware -M present in concentrations greater than their nominal alloying compositions. Approximately 6 wt. % of copper oxide was detected using emistion spectroscopy and was not detected using diffraction. Other discrepancies also exist and may be attributed to an inhomogeneous scrape sample or that the X-ray beam was not bombarding the entire sample. L.,F: _-- {i Yf$
'%. ;}
.l3
@ *1 f'.
[9 ___ E
. - - . .. .- . - . - - _ - ~
i BABC0CK 8 WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 15 4 - 1
! 2.2.3.2 Wet Chemistry -
[ A wet chemistry test was performed on the 00 scrape sample to determine the total sulfur content. The sample was dissolved in acid and a turbidimeter used to compare its turbidity to a known standard. The total sulfur l detected as sulfate was 0.13%, with *10% accuracy. 1
...2.2.3.3 Electron Microprobe (EMP) Analyses The EMP method uses the principle of wavelength dispersive analysis of f electron beam-induced X-rays to detect elements with atomic number >4.
Table 2-8 lists tne elements analyzed for and the respective weight percent concentrations. Battelle personnel performed these analyses using a Materials Analysis Corporation electron microprobe system. Figure 2-27 shows SEM micrographs of the intergranular crack surface from Area 1 of tube f B73-8 and the region analyzed with EMP. Starting nearest the 00, the crack ! surface was traversed in three adjacent regions and analyzed in each region for the elements listed. The first round results listed in Table 2-8 were obtained using a 200X magnification and 10 second sweep speed to scan' an area of 0.016 inch 2 ! This was thought to have analyzed a representative area of the crack
- . surface, i.e., deposited and clean regions. After the first round data
- analysis, it was noticed that the totals of the weight percentages were too low to accurately determine surface deposit chemistry. Therefore, a higher magnification (500X) and slower sweep speed (20 seconds) was used to analyze only an area of crack surface deposits. The results of this analysis were
. within the expected range of weight percentages and correlate well with the XRD and EDX results. Much more accuracy is placed on the Round 2 data in which the weight percentage total is 99.9.
t i 1
*,--e?-r-> v T---- "< ---e---w------e e--+, 4 --- , - < - - -r .ew- e--e.e- -en, ve e--vme,*=-*i--* *--,-rw--w-orev- ---v~=--r.e--+r-e
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 16 2.2.3.4 Electron Spectroscopy for Compound Analyses (ESCA) ESCA was performed on crack surface sample at Battelle using a Leybold-Heraeus LHS 10 System. Quantitative and chemical shift measurements are made at various angstrom distances by the analysis of X-ray induced photoelectrons. Various depths are obtained by sputtering the sample surface with an argon beam in high vacuum. Table 2-9 lists the ESCA results from the analysis of the 100% through-wall intergranular fracture surface in Area 1 of tube B73-8. The adjacent ductile tear region was analyzed as a control. Approximately 50% of the oxygen concentration is a result of the oxides on the copper specimen holder and therefore affects the concentra-tions of the other elements present. Of significance is' the fact that the Fe and Ni binding energies were of the atomic state at 10,000 and 5,000 angstroms within the crack surface. Since the binding energies of C1 and B on the crack surface indicate that they were in oxide form and the S in sulfide forms, the remaining 0 concentration is apparently due to C1 and B. B is present as boric acid (H3803) in primary coolant and thus, makes it the most likely candidate. The C concentrations follow what has typically been observed when analyzing other OTSG tube samples, in that it is high on the surface and drops off significantly with increasing sputtering depth. Handling contamination is thought to cause the high surface C. A partial explanation may be the fact that the sample is exposed to the atmosphere for a period of time before analysis. 2.2.3.5 Sodium Azide Test This simple test is used to qualitatively determine the presence of sulf 4es, thiosulfates, and thiocyanates but is not sensitive to sulfur, sulfate, or sulfite.(4) The test is performed by placing a drop of test solution (39 nan 3 in 100 cc 0.1 N iodine) on the surface of interest and observing the reaction through a stereomacroscope. If reduced forms of l sulfur are present, the chemical reaction 2 nan 3+I 2Nal + 3N2 will be catalyzed. Nitrogen gas wi!1 be evolved and the solution will bubble. If
_BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 17 reduced forms of sulfur are not present, the reaction does not proceed and no bubbles form.(4) The bent open crack surface in tube B73-8 Area 3 was tested using this technique. The bubbling reaction was termed moderate to slow, indicating the presence of a small amount of reduced sulfur. 2.3 Phase III - Berid Testing Sectioning tube sampies into longitudinal strips and bending the strips has proven to be very ' effective in opening tight intergranular cracks.(2,3) Figure 2-10 is a schematic of the two bend techniques used during this examination. Both the circumferential and longitudinal bend techniques place the surface of the tube in tension to open circumferentially or longitudinally oriented cracks, respectively. Since the EC inspection' indicated that the tube defects were OD initiated, the tubes were bent with the OD surface in tension. Some of the tube samples were chemically cleaned either before or after bending to remove deposits and further evaluate the tube surface features. 2.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM/EDX)
. Tube B73-8 Area 3 The tube sample with the crack visible on the ID surface was circumferen-tially bend tested with the 0D in tension and opened a 100% through-wall intergranular crack. As Figure 2-28 shows, the main crack was circum-ferentially oriented with " branching" in essentially all directions.
Secondary 0D surface cracking also was present and was linked with the main crack via IGA and secondary cracking. For the most part, the crack surface itself was relatively free of deposits except near the OD surface, where the deposits extended into the crack surface. The EDX spectrum obtained from the crack surface deposit showed a substantial amount (>2 wt %) of sulfur in addition to traces of aluminum and silicon.
l BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 18 Area 8 A sample from midway into the UTS (12 inches from top) was circumferentially bend tested and examined. As shown in Figure 2-29, the surface deposit ha'd parted along grain boundaries in mainly the circumferential direction. The
- deteriorated base metal grain boundaries were visible at higher magnifica-tions where the deposit hsd parted. The actual depth of this surface IGA (SIGA) could not be determined using SEM and, therefore, this sample was examined using metallography (discussed in Section 2.3.2).
Area 9 Figure 2-30 shows micrographs of samples after circumferential bend testing, which confirmed the presence of SIGA at the elevation just below midspan 16 in the OTSG. A bend sample was cleaned for 30 seconds in an ultrasonic bath of inhibited hcl and reexamined. As Figure 2-31 shows, the cleaning. was i partially effective in removing the 00 surface layer. In cleaned areas, the base metal grains became clearly visible due to the deteriorated grain boundaries. Tube B112-19 Area 1 No obvious defect which could have produced the site eddy current indication at 73 inches was detected during the previous SEM examination in Phase II. Therefore, the 1-1/2 inch strip samples were circumferentially bent and f reexamined. Figure 2-32 eSows micrographs of the general 0D surface IGA (SIGA) which opened due to Dending. An axial band of IGA approximately one inch in height appeared deeper and more severe than other areas, where the SIGA was more uniform as Figure 2-33 shows. The depth of the penetrations could not be determined.with SEM and subsequent metallography was therefore performed. i I
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 19 Area 2 A sample from just below Area 1 was sectioned into longitudinal strips to further investigate the cause of the EC. indication at 73 inches from the top. Strip samples were circumferentially bend tested and revealed uniform OD SIGA very similar to that previously examined in Area 1. Figure 2-34 shows typical SEM micrographs taken in Area 2. Metallography was also performed to determine the depth of the SIGA penetrations. Area 3 In order to try to quantify the extent of the SIGA seen on the Areas 1 and 2 samples, strip samples from the 15th TSP region were circumferentially bent and examined. Figure 2-35 shows the OD SIGA which opened due to bending. The SIGA seemed more prevalent in the axial scrape marks where the additional surface stresses apparently opened the small cracking. To determine the penetration depth, metallography was performed. Area 4 Strip samples from midspan 16 were bend tested and examined, and similar SIGA was detected. Figure 2-36 shows typical micrographs of these samples, showing the larger openings in the axial scrapes. Metallography was subsequently performed. Area 5 Similar SIGA was opened by bending strip samples from just above the UTS secondary face. Figure 2-37 shows micrographs of this area. Metallography was subsequently performed. Area 6 SIGA was also detected at approximately 4 inches above the 14th TSP. The [ SIGA did not appear as uniform over the surface as in the pgiously examined areas, but there were localized openings which appeared deeper than the typical SIGA. Figure 2-38 shows two of these openings, in which the
BABC0CK'a WILC0X RDO:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 20 deteriorated grain boun' daries of the base metal were visible. Metallography was also performed in this area. 2.3.2 Metallography The method of. metallographic examination used successive longitudinal
- o. grind-and-polish steps of approximately 0.020-inch to characterize the areas of interest on the tube samples. Figure 2-39 shows a schematic of this method.
Tube B73-8 Area 2 - Longitudinal metallography was used to ' examine the crack seen on the ID surface during the visual inspections. As Figure 2-40 shows, the crack was 100% through-wall OD initiated and intergranular, with extensive IGA adjacent to the main crack. The OD surface deposits " filled" the crack, preventing its detection during the OD surface visual inspections. One region of localized OD-initiated IGA approximately 50% through-wall and two regions.of~ localized 00 pitting were detected. These defects were also
" filled" with surface deposits and were not detected during the 00 surface visual inspections. Figure 2-41 shows micrographs of these defects.
Areas 4 and 5 To determine the cause of the EC defect indications at 20.5 inches, a sample from this area was .metallographically examined. 70% and 60% through-wall j OD-initiated circumferential cracks were found in Areas 4 and 5, respec-tively. The extensive IGA adjacent to both main cracks made their axial extent larger than that previously seen in Area 2. As Figures 2-42 and 2-43 show, these cracks were also filled with surface deposits, where grains had , either deteriorated and " fallen out" or were chemically transformed into l deposits. Two individual cracks possibly originated in Area 5, and became
' linked together via IGA.
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 21 j Area 7 ' Tc check for general IGA and undetected cracking, a sample from between Areas 5 and 6 was metallographically examined. No EC indicatica was seen in this area. The metallography revealed two areas of very small- localized penetrations, which had the appearance of pits. As Figure 2-44 shows, these penetrations were approximately 0.002- to 0.003-inch deep. Area 8 The longitudinal grind-and-polish technique was used to determine the deptii of the SIGA opened by bending and previously observed using SEM. The _ maximum depth observed was approximately 0.004-inch (about 10%), and is shown in Figure 2-45. Area 9 The same procedure was used to determine the depth of the SIGA found at midspan 16. As Figure 2-46 shows, the penetration depth was smaller, being approximately 0.001 to 0.002 inch. Tube B112-19 - Area 1 The bend samples on which SIGA was detected during the SEM examination were examined to quantify the depth and also check for undetected (subsurface) defects. Figure 2-47 shows micrographs which reveal the maximum observed depth of (he penetrations in this area to be approximately 0.007-inch. The sections shown are polished longitudinal surfaces through the region of IGA in Figure 2-29 and represent the deepest SIGA penetrations detected during this examination. I Areas 2 and 3 Metallography was performed on the bend samples from below and above Area 1 to determine the depth of the penetrations seen using SEM. Figure 2-48 shows typical micrographs of the penetrations found in these areas.
i BABC0CK.8 WILC0X' RDD:84:5303-04:02 'PAGE 22 Areas 4 and 5 The bend samples from these areas were also examined to determine the depth of the SIGA. As Figure 2-49 shows, the maximum depth of the penetrations was approximately 0.000-inch. - Area 6 The SIGA seen. previously using SEM was metallographically examined. The maximum depth of the penetrations was approximately 0.002-inch and is shown L in Figure 2-50. 9-2.4 Phase IV - Additional Tube + Surface Characterization To better characterize and quantify the SIGA detected previously, this phase ' I was added to the examination plan. Additional areas were designated to be-1 subjected to various cleaning techniques to remove the surface deposits, i ~ bend testing, and SEM examinations. These activities .are discussed in detail below. Tub 2 B73-8 Area 6
- The sample from just above the UTS secondary face containing the 100%
f th' rough-wall hole was reexamined using SEM and revealed pitting attack which ! was covered with OD surface deposits. To remove those deposits, the sample . was cleaned for two minutes in a UT bath of inhibited hcl at ambient tem-perature and reexamined. After cleaning, much more pitting was observed, , along with minor etching or wastage attack. Figure 2-51 shows two indi-vidual pits just above the through-wall hole before and after cleaning. The cleaning was partially effective in removing the deposits on the tube surface and 100% effective within the pits. The lighter granular deposits appear to have attacked the base metal grain matrix more severely than the f darker deposits and were associated with regions of grain boundary relief and preferential attack of slip lines. EDX data revealed the lighter
- deposits to be rich in Si and S before cleaning.
m
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 23 There were several regions of localized IGA surrounding the through-wall hole which were linked by secondary IGA cracking. Figure 2-52 shows two of those regions after the sample was cleaned to remove the surface deposits. Area 7 The sample adjacent to Area 6 which was metallographically examined Curing Phase III was removed from the mounting material and longitudinally bend tested. After cleaning in a UT bath of inhibited hcl solution for two minutes, the OD surface of the sample was examined using SEM. The deposits were not removed from the surface so the sample was cleaned an additional five minutes (seven minutes total) and reexamined. Figure 2-53 shows micrographs which reveal pitting and SIGA, along with areas of more severe localized attack where grains had " fallen out." This pitting is similar to that seen previously in Area 6 after cleaning, and appears to be more severe in the region within two inches above the UTS secondary face. Area 10 A sample was also removed from the midspan 16 location. After longitudi-nally sectioning the sample in half, a qualitative SEM examination was performed. In general, the 0D surface appearance was typical to that previously noted. As Figure 2-54 shows, there were some areas where the surface deposits had spalled 8nd base metal grains were clearly visible. This sample was then cleaned in a UT bath of inhibited hcl for five minutes and bent using the longitudinal technique. Reexamination of the cleaned and bant sample revealed the typical SIGA seen previously, whi!e some de. posits sn g. 7;l 5.gf were still present. Therefore, the sample was cleaned an additional five Eff.L minutes and reexamineed, revealing an axial scrape mark approximately half -]j] . the length of the sample in which localized IGA was present. The localized Jif.- s.w-IGA appeared deeper than the typical SIGA and is shown in Figure 2-5E. d47 p . . , s . y . 4, o ~
- - f
- e m
.. i-
E BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 24 Area 11 The upper seal weld heat affected zone and hard rolled regions near the top of 0TSG tubes have proven to be particularly susceptible to 0D initiated
) IGA and cracking. Since these regions were " drilled out" during the ANO-1 tube removal operations (to permit tube removal), they were not available ! .for examination. To determine if the corrosive specie (s) were present near this elevation, a sample was removed from the top of Piece 1 and examined.
The preliminary SEM examination showed surface deposits typical of those seen previously. This sample was bent using the circumferential technique and reexamined using SEM. As Figure 2-56 shows, banding caused the deposits to open along the grain boundaries, prevalently in the circumferential direction. After cleaning the bend sample for five minutes in a UT bath of inhibited HC1, it was reexamined. The surface deposits were again only partially removed, but there were localized regions where individual grains had parted from the tube surface. Area 12 A sample was taken from four inches below the UTS secondary face in the region of heavy black deposits. First the sample was viewed using SEM which showed that the 00 surface deposits were, in general, extremely heavy. Other observations include pitting and spalling of surface deposits and are shown in Fiqure 2-57. The EDX spectrum showed the deposits to contain Mg, Al , Si , P , Ca , Mn , Fe , Ni , Cu , and possibly Zn. The sample was cleaned in a UT bath of inhibited hcl and then a UT bath of acetone. Reexamination of the sample showed that these solutions were not effective in removing the, deposits. Therefore, the sample was cleaned in a UT bath of Endox 214 (commercial degreaser) for 20 minutes. This solu' tion was only partially effective in removing the deposits and was limited to the pitted areas as shown in Figure 2-57. The sample was then bent in the circumferential direction and reexamined using SEM, revealing the typical SIGA seen on the previously examined samples. In attempts to remove more of the deposits, the sample was cleaned in a UT bath of inhibited hcl at 125 F for two
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 25 i Oinutes. Many more areas of pitting were revealed when examined using SEN, but the surface deposits were not completely removed. A '125'F solution of
~ 20% nitric acid and 2% hydrofluoric acid was then used to further clean the
! sample. As Figure 2-58 shows, this solution was 100% effective in removing the deposits. The grains were etched by the acid bath, making the attack , appear 'more severe than the typical SIGA seen on previcusly examined samples. Area 13 Longitudinal and circumferential bend samples were sectioned from the bottom of Piece 4, corresponding to the location just above the 15 TSP. The sam-ples were bent, cleaned in a UT bath of inhibited hcl for two minutes and examined using SEM. The appearance of the OD surface was similar to that of the previous samples; i.e., SIGA visible in t.reas where the deposit had spalled. B112-19 Area 7 A sample was taken from the top of Piece 1 to determine if the SIGA existed near the hard roll region. The preliminary SEM examination revealed the typical OD surface deposits. The sample was cleaned in a UT bath of Endox l 214 for 20 minutes and then reexamined. The solution was partially effec-l tive in removing the deposits, but the SIGA was visible in cleaned areas. A very good -estimate of deposit thickness can be taken from Figure 2-58 by
- using the micron bar in the legend. It appears that the surface deposit on this sample was approximately 2 to 3 microns thick. The sample was then bent .in the circumferential direction which opened the deposits along the
, deteriorated grain boundaries, thus revealing the SIGA.
l BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 26 Table 2-1. Tube Section Lengths Axial Location of Top, Inches Tube Piece Length, Inches From Top of Tube B73-8 1 10-5/16 1-5/8(1) 2 21 11-15/16 . 3 21-9/16 32-15/16 4 14-11/16 54-1/2 Total 67-9/16 69-3/16 B112-19 1 10-1/16 1-3/4(2) 2 22-3/16 11-13/16 3 22 34 4 22 56 5 27 78 Total 103-1/4 105 (1) 1-5/8 inch drilled out during tube removal. (2) 1-3/4 inch drilled out during tube removal. I I I i i, n . .
Table 2-2. Microvisual Inspection Results for Tube B73-8 $ Axial Location, 8 o Inches From Top W-Axis X-Axis Y-Axis Z-Axis ^ oo 0 - 10 Relatively clean, Same as W-axis. Relatively clean; Darkest in color. r no stains or darker in color. Dry-out stains, p: deposits. heavy stains at 7.5. g x 10 - 24 (UTS face) Relatively clean at Relatively clean at Darker in color near Heavy deposits and 10-18, darker in 10-15, darker in UTS face, heavy dry-out stains. color near UTS face, color near UTS face, deposits and dry-out dry-out stains at dry-out stains at stains at 18-24. 18-24, heavy deposits 15-24 heavy deposits Through-wall hole at 21-24 21-24. 23. 24 (UTS face) - 33 Extra heavy build-up Extra heavy build-up Same as X-axis. Extra heavy build-up of deposits at 24-29. of deposits, of deposits at 24-29. s
.?
- w 33 to end 00 increase with Same as W-axis. Same as W-axis. Same as W-axis. w scrapes and minor 8 mechanical damage at b a
33 - 36.5 and at 64
- 67.5. Remainder *d of tube looked typi- N cal, i.e. , handling scratches, stains, etc.
General Observations
- 1. Heavy build-up of magnetic deposits extend from UTS secondary face down 8 inches.
- 2. Magnetic deposits at UTS secondary face appear to have been tightly packed in the crevice and some spalling occurred during tube removal.
- 3. Z-axis appears to be more heavily stained along the length of the tube.
- 4. Color of tube varies between brown and greenish-blue brown. 3 S
5 b e 9
3 8 Table 2-3. Microvisual InSoection ReSults for Tube B112-19 8 n Axial Location, o' Inches From Top W-Atis X-Axis Y-Axis Z-Axis r 5 n 0-10 Very clean, no Very clean, minor Longitudinal band of Very clean, minor l stains or deposits, dry-out stains at dry-out stains at 4 dry-out stains at O l 0-1. to 10, minor dry-out 0-1 and 9-10. l stains at 0-1. 10 - 24 (UTS face) Dry-out stain at 16, light dry-out stain Heavy dry-out stains, Dry-out stains, deposits at 21-24 at 18. deposits at deposits at 21-24 deposits at 21-24. 21-24. 24 (UTS face) - 34 Longitudinal scratches Same as W-axis. Same as W-axis. Same as W-axis. Just below UTS face. *s small spJtted stains. ,A 34 to end Small spotted stains Small spotted stains Same as X-axis. Same as X-axis O at 34-52, purplish at 34-56, purpl1sh except very 11cht stains. 6 color at midspan 16, color at midspan 16, A mechanical damage mechanical damage *h c just below 15 TSP, N just below 15 TSP. green-blue color at span 15. General Observations
- 1. Mafaetite deposits are heaviest within the UTS, 3 to 4 inches from secondary face.
- 2. Appears to be no heavy magnetite deposits just below UTS secondary face.
- 3. Magnetite deposits are relatively uniform and not spalled or flaked.
- 4. Dry-out stains within the UTS are mostly along the Y-axis.
- 5. No heavy dry-out stains were seen below midspan 16.
- 6. Light dry-out stains were seen below the 15 TSP. $
- 7. Color of tube varies between light orown, greenish-blue brown, and purple, with purple mostly in span 16.
4 L
/E BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 29 Table 2-4. X-Ray Radiography Results*
( r Tube Piece O' Orientation 90' Orientation B112-19 1 Circumferential scribe Small dark speck at at 1-1/2. Vertical 6-7/8. scribe on X-axis. 2 Small dark specck at Nothing anomalous. 5-5/8. Small dark spot at 21-11/16. ( 3 Removal mandrel marks Removal mandrel marks at at 6-5/8. 6-5/8. 4 Circumferental dark band Circumferential dark band at 17. at 17. 00 fluctuations at 17. 5 Small dark specks at 24, Small dark specks at a
- 25. 20-5/8, 24, 25.
B73-8 1 Circumferential scribe at Small dark specks between 1-1/4. Vertical scribe 4-3/4 and 7-1/2. on X-axis. 2 Circumferential defects Circumferential defects at 6-3/4, 7-1/4, 7-3/4, at 6-3/4, 7-1/4, 7-3/4, 8-1/2, 8-3/4, 12. Small 12. dark specks at 17-1/2. 3 OD fluctuations to 3-1/2. Sane as 0 . Slightly bent at 1-1/2. 4 OD fluctuations from 13 Same as 0 . to bottom. Small dark specks at 11, 12.
- Numerical locations are inches from top of piece.
l BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 30 Table 2-5. Eddy Current Inspection Results OD Defect Indications
% Through-Wall Axial Location, Tube Piece In. From Top Site Lab B73-8 1 - - -
2 18.3 84 92 18.8 84 88 19.3 60 83 20.4 36 7( ) 20.5 ?(2) 23.4 84 100 3 - - - 4 - - - B112-19 1 - - - 2 - - - 3 - - - 4 73.0 63 -(3) 5 - - - (1) Hyphen indicates no defect indications. (2) Depth could not be determined due to distorted signals. (3) Mechanical damage on 00 surface may have altered response. Inspected with 0.540- and 0.500-inch differential probes and absolute OD surface scanning probe in laboratory.
?
9 r l BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 31 Table 2-6. X-Ray Diffraction Results { ID Powder Sample Species / Relative Line Identification and PDF Number Strength Suspected Origin o f Ni/4-850 Strong Nickel, base metal (a-sic) 6H/ Medium Moissanite-6H, hone 29-1131 (sic) 8H/ Medium to weak Silicon carbide 8H, hone 29-1127 SFe00H/ Very weak Delta iron oxide hydroxide, 13-87 base metal oxide Unknowns Very, very weak -- OD Scrapings Sample (Ni, Fe) Fe204/ Very strong Ferroan Trevorite, surface 23-1119 deposit possibly formed by UTS interaction Ni/4-850 Strong-medium Nickel, base metai Ni3-XS2/ Very weak Nickel sulfide, high 14-358 temperature specie Unknown Very, very weak -- ?
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE-32 Table 2-7. X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy Results Concentration, Compound Wt % Zn0 0.6 Ca0 0.07 Na20 <0.1 V205 <0.03 Mo03 <0.03 Zr02 <0.03 TiO2 0.09 cod 0.04 Sn02 0.06 Ni0 11.0 Mn02 1.4 Cr203 2.2 Pb0 0.04 Fe203 >50.0 Mg0 0.1 SiO2 1.1 A1203 1.0 Cu0 7.0
ea E 8 n 7 o. r Table 2-8. Electron Microprobe Results ;: 8 Concentration, Weight Percent
- Region Ni Fe Cr Mn Cu St S Cl P Total Round Crack surface. 42.9 33.0 16.4 0.52 --
0.13 0.005 -- - 93 near OD 1 1 ! Crack surface, 36.2 23.1 17.4 0.28 -- - 0.001 -- - 77 middle x (1) o Crack surface, 42.0 15.8 18.2 0.25 -- 0.03 0.0002 -- - 76 o near 10 sa Ductile tear 42.9 9.7 19.0 0.55 -- 0.01 - -- - 72 Ew I Crack surface, 29.9 56.9 11.6 0.97 -- 0.06 0.41 -- - 99.9 (2) 8 near OD (region a of deposit) , 0 l
- Hyphen indicates not detectable.
(1) 200X Sweep area: 0.016 in2 Sweep speed: 10 seconds (2) 500X Sweep area: 0.006 in2 Sweep speed: 20 seconds o 0 t s
, ;z s - ,
5 m Table 2-9. Elettron Spectroscopy for Compound Analyses Results 8 n n Concentration, Atomic Percent o. Sputtering :C l Depth,d Ni Fe Cr 0 C C1 B 5 Region Crack surface 50 7. 2 8.8 3.3 23.4 56.4 0.4 - 0.5 Q 500 7. 5 9.1 4.1 36.7 40.2 0.9 - 1.5 1,000 7. 7 9.5 2.6 43.9 24.4 0.4 8.0 3.5 2,500 4.5 16.b 3.1 62.0 6.4 1.4 2.9 2.9 5,000 12.9 11.9 3.1 51.1 8.4 3.1 6.6 2.3 10,000 9.9 15.6 3.9 55.2 5.3 1.1 6.1 3.0 E o l
- Ni and Fe in atomic states at 10,000X. 4=
l
- O concentrations mainly due to oxides on copper specimen holder.
W
- C1 and B may be associated with oxygen (exides). o - S probably in sulfide form.
U S 5 Ductile tear 50 7. 2 8. 8 3.3 23.4 56.4 - - - 500 2.7 5.5 2.0 46.1 43.7 - - - 1,000 5.3 8. 5 3.8 75.8 6.6 - - - 5,000 9.3 29.0 2.4 50.7 9.7 - - - 6,000 a.1 31.0 4.3 50.9 1.2 - - -
- Ni and Fe in atomic states at 5,000I. - O concentrations mainly due to oxides on copper specimen holder.
E El
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 35 l j~L Area 11- 12 Area 8 l Area 1 Area 2 hl Area 3 E: UTS J
=: s Area 7-Area 6 -
g- , s--.. a I Area 12 10: l 5 Site E0 indications-l 84,84,60,36,84% t.w. Area 10- _; Area 9 ::: Area 13 ,, (rj= First cut t
) \ \ \ \ \ \ N N { 15th Overall length removed- 69.2 inches A'
l Figure 2-1. Tube B73-8 Schematic
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 36-l t
; L f
/ z~ ~
g Area 7 - - i f l i UTS i l A :". . l Area 5 Area 4 [~[,] l f Area 3
-.. l
\ \ Y
\ \ \ 15th l b N
\'\ p T ~. .
Area 1 ---- { ~ l 1/2" Area 2
- - - Site EC indication- 63% t.w. '
Area 6 Z
- -- - First cut b \ \ \ \ k \ '\_ \f A Overall length removed- 105 inches i
Figure 2-2. Tube B112-19 Schematic 1 L-
.~ , - - .
- m. .
oABCOCK u WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 37
- ~ .-- w in., 1 2 3: 4 i '
5Mi . n a
't
) i
. ~,: :, v %- 2
.+...' -
.'"s .
,N '
" ' * ' ' ~' '^ "#
I4 '
' *, *~ .
t , . . .,
" era meanmassamunes 6 xe ~.< v-
% g. , y. . .
Ii2-/9 ? W '
~
;'.st$.:
b : y 14 ,' . p y 3,.: ;~ z - S m.w rxt. m pyy, & Y I { rg m y y . 0 *L b;n Gn y- nm
^ ..ngwepy A" %; d.:y .; (?3e 23.;g%
[ ; ec m ah qwp%'?! M w >*g . . , '?< .;
> *l- f. E m - _ _ _ _
>u - --
m.n - p 7 y, . .,.
- g. 's # r,;
Piece 2 Y-Ax1s a '.j,q ?? Drv-out Stains %W , N'Y 3
>. ,r p . 4 5 ;.," 0 .,
gg fffN W '*.4*g a p-p s.* y q tp: p M y g% y yfg5t y p gg p p g wy y 4.g y g gegg y y/A*f 3 7., e.- gg-y' , 2,g 2 ..-' i -
- 6 . . .
g , ..}. r..
.h*T ; * ., e p
inv. * ' l i ;2
~
~-*
'3 ; 41 15 i M ,
,.c ?, ' ' k[', "
-~.~
o ..y.,,. dd4 % g i
- d'w ..w
- r
-iL^ b Q ;: A h , .> q l. y l l- - ' ' .' ., Q 4 ' ; \' p _- - . ~ < . _ . . -. .,.v. O .y
'. . . , . yl' a g.
[6-
]ag/ ' -
~ f 8P#.2p.fg.E W g '^ T **** }'i.
. .. s . - /, @ , i Q 4 f' *I
'n~
~
, 33
~
4++ s *: g
- 4x _ , -
"'W f_
4 g.g,n . W
k..
p) 7 S f
,. . . <_ s.-
A es%. ',' 4, l ... y -
* ?
f.-.~, ", s *. 2 Q-NYiMQNQ:lff J)4].. :7 ' ,'f.,y Y. - K!-f^DMM9l}:**%* ~'*f .x ' -+ 3)b
, ee
- ,s y 3. ., .
. L'V:N 4$Qi%:,A Y;-4A%h , - - f .,
l b.246-,fW .,$rs .y EN! $s x l$#hdsdk5$ Y k d:-^AO 0!ianka pl '. . . . pg.d . ' - .d b i U l' tf 3 [ t\,'=' [ S 'k a
..)*
- e. 4, *
, rube Removal Marks .5 -r 4a. . .
. . ',C.
(Qg>..
-,.y.,
Figure 2-3. TypicM OTSG Tube Characteristics . L'z. - i
f . . \ , 4 6 i i I ! 4 1 i - i l i h I i - _ . . i 4 UTS Secondary Tace Su
.)(
< . ~ m_ g - -
,7;-e-2 1
m Lt/ "E [m~. -m:mm;;=w ygn _
. , , , , .~
. >,-.. -. a D
1 l
..- ..a,~ _ . _~ _ .. 7
; UTS Secondary 'r' ace D Sur
.~m.. m.+ . ,, _ s
}Throughwall Holet_
h
'~
""l l- .
l
*pg,f
f s. 11v 1. ;
. :g
_ . %' P A _' - .sg 4 s ,[ p' 8 a f .m. 3 q_ o w ' f,w .. , y_ m -- - r-3RC ""4, 3 _1 R _, _- e A R ~ I i CARJ
- zy % - _ . . -: pp. .t4 y e w;: = + > e.~ , - :. . ..- a, a , yr. ; . w.n c . . .n w. . w.r ..
-;. +, - -
~.-e.,.,.,..- \
l P l PAGE 38 i Figure 2-4. Tube B73-8 OD Surface Deposits Near UTS 3 face Deposits s i e- ,. i
' l - , ni . '"=l , ..,, ,
f.
.g , 4
- lJ ts - 3 _c,
.I j /3-d '2. -l 1
, e WH i c i W _.s p ..
u . . . _,;__. 7 - e.,,_,.. h ai,-+.. aL. aL. -w,, -,-.. ' .: sk;. 2 ' % - : L2-~ - - . '
.. l
. . . . . . ~
m;,, , w ., .. , 77,.; 'm,Q c a-C,< _ ,* " "' ? P '*" 73-&-Z
- 73-S-7 ;
c. 7
.,p
~;.
y_ y n v> y3 . Also Available Gn Aperture Card , I 8810250424-O\
, , , .. . , , . . . . . , , . . , , , , . . . , , . , , . .. , ,, . ., - s
-- . , , , 7 , . _ , , . - , , ,, , ; , , , ,, ,
m
- n. ~n.,-,-n.,- enemm,-r-v.~nnw . . m - , ww --r,- ..gn, ..., ,.,~:~,y,-. n .
,.we~vn-, n, . w
'*f " **
G
;g .'.
Q' / ,1 i n--
- 9 : ,,
n- w .. 5, . . , , ~ ,, a: - , .. ,
,'. , , .; g . o p"
.\,
#1 '. .y.j 'd . .
2 t
' ' y' '<-
o. r r-n o x
, , . .g , , ..a.-- -:~u . wegg ..
't
+ -k i
'[p 4 3 ,..- u
* . GUTS Secondary Face c ..g ' ; ., (gs ' A .
,g. lri ,'
.1 f ,.
OM${WwstyM ~ ^ k/h _ h glft ; .,: %p; f, %4Y-i?L Jl Q jf ;f.} d ~ l; w l ' [ , l,*f. Q L, fN '
- ty n
5 o 4 f.' 4 4- ., a. m
..,$M,.k/ -.
.a.,
u
~
,e y .
j . 9 s 9.
',.'Nw-
- . i,. .
.- . . ., E% -C ',-
[. . . * : $.* is t' ,#-4 b W181W8kP. - -
, , -l u..+ - . - . + - - $ -# '
Piece 2 Y-axis 1 o a m w Fi gu re 2-5. Tube B112-19 OD Surface Deposits Near UTS *
-r e m-mmmmmusumummmmmuums .w .,
~ t - i . 7 t - m e E _ = - = n
~ 15 TSP ~
- flechani - l . , ~ 3 L , p TSP Land w 7 : as . 1 ju s _ ;g;y %_ ., _ ,
,.y l l 2 - /9 'f
?
= ; - w
%m,' , ,. . , yr., y. ,,. . _ _ . -
u/ - 3 l'v ~.-- m 7 ,- - m. g it? . - e ,, ,-4 p L ; A::. sam .e, , ,m. .,.me, . , . .xur ;a.m-ww.ex=ncu%w,_1n
. ws ;. y s .
m
.e,,
2 ffechanic g
+,,
a ... c,- _, - . _ _ . ev m TSP Land T
*g 'lY -'
i he ',- h w b -1, , *jR E Wl ad. ~k, n -' N s hdf ' } , IQ // Z -/9 -- y .j m <i g_ _ 3
- ,,,,nne a'-~,p mswm m.t; vann,~;,em
[ g .m l . ' n, snm ' -a %df_. -"t M w f t y h - A '%?M$.??.Lbd4A1 = v 4 m 5 4 n u E r s ~~
\
= 1 l v em b--
FAGE 40 , Figure 2-6. Tube B112-19 OD Surface Deposits Near 15th TSP I.
-n --..4 al Damaced Areai -
, , - .- .: .: a
.m
.. j ;p, - ,. .
uf ..~.. .;
- Piece 4 W-axis. .
, 3 gj Lp-y ,,e 4,.
i u n:'
^ ' ~ ' " ~ ~
w </ h.._12." _ Jhh E '.~ h_. s.77; . g ' .
.- , L:- ,,.
^ -
1, Damaged Area L. ,.m . , 4 ,. _.
.p""' J pli (VT ""'q e 4,. -
. . m, . ,j: ;
-g +.
.s
' Piece
[..
. x . i Li m 4 Z-axis.-
;8 // 2 --/ 9 u '
/
p'l]__}_l,!n j n-g
- 3' - 11 j, 3, 'y
. yi ef g ,g.
n-.--,.- ,
. gm g , ypreggmmys ym, xx* ew= .
,' f\ \J '"
n, - Also Available an " Aperture Card 1 l 8310250424 -02,' t k
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 41 t I w z Y x v 0- _______ _ _ _ _ . _ _ ______ ______ 2 - 4 - 6 -
. . I
_.2
, n CEE"3 3 8 8 -
5' t c.
# 10 -
k - g 6 ns 12 5 , , _
,5 Secondary
- Face 14 -
16 - 18 l 20 - ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____- -__--- h W8
, 6" Figure 2-7. Location of Eddy Current Indications in Tube B73-8
Tube 73-8 g
.ese M
- R n
- @ ~ @ -. - @ - .@. .@< .@.
A ~- ( m. x F
^4
. eas I 9
I *
$ - 0.D.
l UTS l _ l _ - 4 5, .sem
~
l lY l
.e, - I e l l i
- x A
3 . Piece 1 Piece 2. . Piece 3 Piece 4 8 n . 575 g, o - w 43 o GI k
- i Y' e _
l l o. 5 . lt . a
, sss .
~
..................l.......,...........................b. .. .. 3
. l . ..;p.
- 1.v.
l ; \ __.. . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; .. . . . . .
.d
.sas i I - I . I h I i I - I -
- 2. 10. 22. 30. 40. 50. es.
lagend: Axial Posit. ion, Inches
@ Tube Removal Damage
@ Eddy Current Dent Indication g
@ Eddy Current Defect Indications
@ Surface Deposits .
N Fi gure 2-8. B73-8 Plot of Tube Diameter Versus Axial Position
m Tube 112-19 g; n
.ese g n
[ @ ~@~ a-@.@ @ @ --
- c.
x P n
. l l l-
_lb
.e2s __
l* ' ' -
=% S a 1 0.D. i
= -
i ' I l I I
.c -
UTS 15 0 TSP 8 : 1 I I l C .eee -. e I
+8 -
I :o e _ a 5 Piece Piece 2 Piece 3 Piece 4 l Piece 5 E
- m e 1 l .
i .
.e
.S75 . $
o e w g - k. t. 0
~
.ssa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
- - 1.D.
- .li, l I I I I I I I I ' I I = I e 1
.s2s i ' i ' e i i
- 2. 10. 20. 32. 42. 50. es. 72. Be. es. l es. .
Axini Pcsition, Inches
@ Tube Removal Damage o
@ Eddy Current Dent Indication Q
@ Eddy Current Defect Indiestion (5ite only) A w
Figure 2-9. B112-19 Plot of Tube Diar.1eter Versus Axial Position
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 44 I i Saw Cuts Dv / N I 's
\,
OD Y sl Lon i dinal s OD 1 I sb l t Circumferential Bend
)
Fiqure 2-10. Tube Sectionina and Bendina Technique
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 45
-_.,, d Tube Axis
, t u
.* y J ' .
, 18.5 inches
^
l' , .. t l 6-g 4 4 l m [. .
$ ~-~-*
, r ?g 19.0 inches I
M.- . l ) 1 l 1 l ! (5.6x) Figure 2-11. 00 Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 46 a Tube Axis
@9 '
( ', . ' e i
.' 19.4 inches b
)
t 9 d (5.6X) e t 0 J Figure 2-12. 00 Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas l
1 BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04 02 PAGE 47
- .4. A Tube Axis SS
~
..,;c :.a?
1ll;
; f W. *,.: (
l f:pt' 'yp r;;. ,
'1 ., .. ,g'y;: .fj
'k
.s
).
z .Ch
=
-4
. . ,G
;y'c :
~. .ygg:[ '
Q -_; _-> Q ',f,
~- +
p
; ,__ '. ,4 y. :s
*.S .
p V we g df':) ~
~
., 1'..,' >.
20.5 inches
. 2f ~
Q, h
.i:f/!e.. 5[Ky;'??
y.
-~\
s(. .pk
, m- ,. w ,g'i'Y
g34;ff_ '
ay 's3[ f., c 2 . ;
*e ~ '
)
w*
, fy
.. i' .' >'
3 );,.
* , v. <
r '"
.f. . .f. 4
.' . . . , , ,.i.,,<
=,
',7.'
,... - '?
x O' *
.. ,.;,i y ...- Y .
y t . .;,s g ' .%.%p
.. , . :nA
.a 9
- ' (( .,[?;.
. ;.2- , . in;
_ : f- jf
~
. .. l. ;f. g
... ,y
?; Lit
. y:
(5.6x) Figure 2-13. OD Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 48 A Tube Axis 2 y
~
' T- 9p%
. , .6. 4 -
# ' Yfg%f.8 :Th
- -: 'xr .; .<; e ~
s .-
. %L .
.dfiQ:;,i.?: ?
nu;,.
. .. :*4. 7 ,. :.
g . Mi
. fa((h
.gf 9, [t,,
{~ , s g:7. :!p.
- z. .* - a
. %.. k, e ".
;" c -td x, _
~ 4 cts:.;s Uf Q ') _ _ _ . . . )- ..'
23.5 inches
.W
- q. .
~.\ .
4 4 , TIi9. e .
.,41
. - . .yp_
, 4 w- ,
~v'. -
I=v; , ,. D' >
.s .
^-,.
a%:%. \ v.. wL 3 ---- > . (5.6X) A: Pitting and Wastage Attack Fi gure 2-14. 00 Surface of Tube B73-8 Defect Indication Areas
- , ~, - _ .. , . ., . . , , , , , , . .. . . , , , , , , - .
i l l 1
; m y, - - ~
Tube Axis L ti
*:VQBl~ ,. ,
p,
.e . j
- y. < ,.y .
--t-
...'s? -i_'y y
y'
- a. waaa -
y, n; 7
>5 wk%_
- M,gm4W,%,-
4, wp'7 47*Wn s!%y?@ -, %_su-~'<- . g.3
- (
?<
y y1 % l
~
l w v . _ _ _ . _ . _ e =w.
. ,W .
J . -. L' Areas 2 & 3 ( .i . 6X)
- b. m o6
- Da
~', .
l:, ,
- - - , , , *, - p
* . _~ < ^f . . .
+ .
43 . b Area 2 (23X) s
'1
' PAGE.49 i l Figure 2-15. 10 Surface of Tube B73-8 in Areas 2 and 3
.- d . _ - - _ -=
1
;) . +,A r 3 R C ""i A?'ET~ L R E h CARJ Area 3 (23x) Also Available On Aperture Card 8 310 25 0 4 2 4 -cy l
m _, , r m 1 r ,- ~ r- w, c- , c- ,, , , - - w , a g Tube Axis g 8 n o.
. 'l . Y \
t
, .p 4 1, G I ;
.)
.. h; ,
' ~
$' i1 ,
5 t1 f i
]1 ll j
3 l' , 8
.3 k,,4 : 1 .e ,
t y i ..
? ('
P,, .
~ff. . . ~ ?: I L ,.
(
?
, ; - . .. u :i g i
! 's & i t l j I
.jy ;. '
w
,s g 4+ } , -l
. . , ,;j ,
- .' j
. < Y,4 l (5.6X) OD Mechanical Damage (5.6X)
After Cleaning with 3 Inhibited hcl $ 00 Surface of Tube B112-19 Defect Indication Area Figure 2-16. 1
m m ,
, c ,- ,-- ~ - - __
5 8 Tube Axis 8 x o. 5 G o y{ ff .Ty ; 9 i.'kIll ' k-,. -
;,j
^
h
* -.. g
'. , S
. s a
.N . ..Ry; . -
k OD Surface Deposits l I 1 m Figure 2-17. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 2 R m U1 l i l J
s J a Tube Axis s .. m mr- . , 7,; :
+.,
D ( OD Surface Deposits
- fed I3
~
i I F
i o PAGE 52 L l i Figure 2-18. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 3
~
a 5 gs. :; ,- n
'.,.;,.p , , .
& .; G. ,, ;
~ -*
- .- 'iv- .. ..
~
. v, .v. ..'; -
.es'a 1
, u,A .
k .
*j
- w. *
, ,) "
p eqn 4 ." = <W~
-dr. g, .; - - ,7 , . Ng- 1 ~~ .;"
f ~.. C .
"y .
;_ 7-g
__ ., y- . er . st' . ,
,f . M% '
4 .,?
- j-~ $ (- ,
. *s,. .
f ,;.;. . uf s E .
\ M 3
7 . .' R C ~"9 A3ER~URE a C A i J a u .neueo, l Aperture Card l
!i 8310250424 -0 4
l I i 5 1 T d n Tube.
- e. - QWyg7W
.I.
.g u .. g
.vs, . x t.
h_
,~~_ . gijp , '
,'e
.. . - . m s ..* ..
_, uy ~
. o
' '^
; e
. "y ', ;
< e.' ..
~) .s
.5 g. ~ * ' . . . .p;. . .
- ,4
. . < $. ~, m, , -
- v, s4s;.
,wy; .
. .- ..@ *1 .
~
U .
., M.
+d af 4
~
f? f*% ' . .
.,s
'., .i .,
y , % . .y
.j ., 4 ,-
g
.- 'A . q< ~ -
.x. . ,
l w
] ., %h.'. _"i. . .k y ' ~i;
;. 4- ' I w
ee : ; 5
'~,
e
.g ; .- . p. -
k,* 4 . ' -
.:s*8 gm
< ,.- s.i . ,'_,.)
~
a r % a l
- f. OD Surface Dopo i .a MK K Zs16 8 5X14-4I 4 24 KEV 15393; :$'
F' US= 4K 4+8 M Hga 24EU AB T' M 2 the g i 1 R0. n l @7 rFn _ i h . -. li!! si tr Uy ' . g. w l i'
?
i
~
l 1 PAGE 53 i ( Figure 2-19. SEM Micrographs of Tube
' Axis B73-8 Area 3
>f d, I d - Q4 ~ *. a i\ $ . f%
J' l e%~ - .v' 4 l j i '
- %: . +g W
3 *
~~C
) , . '
G.&f R f'
- 'W ..
l :. . . [ g'.['t, . 9 Q c -[';% - a.r; a 4; g - :. pg4ey / . - g g".% _
&?}.A .
s
* \'
jil~ gs : t c ( ._ s l. ' '
- f- h ijk' y t_
~
1 hits " 390 1 sunum- 4 - z...' 54444 .* A 3 - R __ A __ 'i R : 5X10-41 4 40 kev
... in ... , ns.2nv 4 V N ]\ J
%'q l
- Also Availabic On
! Aperture Card I !
&t~
W
'!gB C*
P 8310250424-ey
e I
\
l
\
Tube Axis i
. ~c ; .
g
. .. ,, , e:-
"e .
w
,s .A A <
r >5 ~ n
,+
4-. . .. w, -
. t ., N
' %.'. ' ,,. f[ ,
.' f
. : y> ' ' , .;
. e
. . . ,q: f
, a- .
l
-Q , - -(
1 4"% ..
% 9_ . s
. A .. ,,
- t 'l .. ;, ,
v
. '$ ,3, s.. 7 e
~ .
x p
., 1 4
PehuS ID Intergranular Circumferential Crack 4 'W f~ f
\
l l.
r i PAGE 52 j Figure 2-20. SEM Micrographs of Tube } B73-8 Area 2 3R0 __ gy.g ,- Ai 1 \ U ~\ l CARJ V;W 3j;v:: f $ %
%; ' ~"^ K #p f. Ib
%;,ps8 4 3 h. , ; g , b^,
_ ...s
**m, ate , % .. e ,
p %4; , jp
%f!
, : ~ :i,
?* h$
.mm . .
r r. .a r .. , . . S* 'b jn D h -> ih1.[,'i e _ , .O 'f /3)Bi+;
.;-W[^.
3
, A., - ' ze j .g.
' _ , -; +;
( ., . Area "g" Area "i" Intergranular Crack Surface Also Available On Aperture Carel
=
8310250424-o(4
, i l l
,r, )
I l J Tube Axis i
)
i
@: na ~
- , 4. . D
+
r- - v,N. .- ;, e
. ! ,v% ;; , '
.%v
' f
~
;w. h nh .- ( '
w;.Q., i
'? '% k)71
@IQid.
.y..-...+_
~l '
,4
>;,g. .q. j.% , <-
.3f - .iv.S?%Me e 4 h., [q .u.s , .a.
.... .c:$Yg#
N. .,m- 9. %.y..
! c- yu ;! m:Yn ,.: Ny
,e-.M it' y%e.- y:
6 - 4 1 .:
- 4
- n% , e. +.r,',
. V-i ?~.: -
. . ' , *e'1'i-
.c.. :g ;-g
[:i - .. k [ fg
.[$*g%
v .,y. - , :e .a ww.i n w ~ -Q u.w+ , .<
..~ -
rexyc;'
";, uq' ;99 %-w
- 4, ~q: :dh w'
" e;u:4 , % : '
y v m-i@Y'*geu"g.
?!<L p;y j;w:JJ( M Y" f; h N ' w* %
- @%l:::r;wg?n s .:- e
~
w A a. -
; + p '> -
$'I @ p .p h $. X 1 %.
v :, c;; + :.o- u Ma> & $< w , f . [ id h ,<- i ID Intergranular Ci cumferential Crack
!~
1
y PAGE 55 Figure 2-21. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area '2 , PRC APERTURE: CARD d s R W T't
>? .
f
~~ y.(.,
Ahl'.l. .['s _ fr 1 l-
)
Area Area "m" "_n'_'_ Crack Surface Deposits Also Availabic en Aperture Card 8 310 2 5 0 4 2 4 -c>7
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDO:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 56
,y A Tube Axis T ..'
r 4.- r
- f rl9
- 9. g* ,f {.
A. .y H ' fil OD Surface Deposits E31353 ,, ; z. a . - [ su.-.1 ...a. ,....>- f k . . (!(
.g .
[ , ig
', @6 k .
1 [ Figure 2-22. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 4
r
\
l
, . m:9*; .+ ,; 4 - .y ,; y., ..
%0D ?.C~7 4
~7': -. , . .
*Nl 9 . , .e ' .
. %j . ' >
~
. . , - jQ/ '; , '
'~
.a
.$l , ' w V: s', : [
y
':s , $g e %y ;
. .R'
& Ei .'. .
aw .v. m'w,y (.- y
*M, .f t .; - yp, gg a ,
. .' ;~),p '
- l. . c.rus.. .
wpv 3, 4?
".).~ y_ ,g n:g d "
{,, e- ? , y*? . Y
..j -.. ? . Q r . nz ;% '-
a . :q ._ .
..L <4 g 3c
.. W.' -k~,e{ k -
- 7. y>;. y~ .
- #, hmin;~ ', .fj_,...vg c ..
- ~g~g %,ch'.
E
., . . ,t
~
' & _- h W ,N WAk 3
x : - /. x&-f -e
. s 'Q:4 ;
% M. . .y;f.e, . g: p l
,' , , r m ::,+-- , -
wi ..
..y'y .. :.1
,9 , ;Ar# d,YkWf*+ ..
. ; . 44 ...g
-' g[Ng-q 3 ;. '-: ,;zf ', :, '
Area "D"' w h... ,4 y *e . '-e _ ? .' " - y ~Q rt . _ [
, j .f. .~ ~ .
~
,, ~ ,p - r< .
. , p. ~, ., t. J s - . ;,
g, --. . , - ,c 4. ; .. - 9.
., v - s ta ,
,s .+
;.~
p 'l 9 -
- . - Qt
.b : ; ,: 3 _
- s ', .
f ' .s
,. - *^.
'*
- Sf . .. . . ,(. . . . s.af
~
,, ,<! . ..c.. ;
, s .,$g" S
l
- lV ' * . \ '
.V N
m 1
~'~
Crack-like Feature on OD Surface
~M rAlso Xvailabic On j Aperture Card 1
PAGE 57
~
. Figure 2-23 SEM Micrographs of Tube 7 -
B73-8 Area 5 E!!!EEng -
# ,,..u 6 10-41 s 44 (Ev 54440 :* ~
og is a+s M HS= 20EW ie 8 g:
~
r Ef Cf - l O.n. .
': l".
~. ,
..gI.: 2.;
el @ , .- d, n r'f (n [- ,. g t : t.:
's 3oppT,',c
~
g
/gi LI\ !
+
i) p (,, / i l i L> i Tube Axis
, W .g} ,
. .-4 A ,
. . re l
g'r
;s s-
' j .../'
, ,,g,f ' ;[" ,8 l '
..kh_ ? frYj .-lbv? ..
/ . . . .. , , .
g-k:z . . .~
' a-7% .', , ,. / , ,, 'y . -
*, .: .f .
*Q " <
3-g , ,' ' .' ,.' ' ., .'. . ., +_-w ,3 y" :.-j s' 'f . /* - l . [ ,G. s. .*. . f. J
/ "f- -
;.v. u J _.y '*& _ * . h . 's - ,
l . Q[]/ ^
~,47 ., e -
' q,
)* -
ph <, - p . , . l' . p I Typical ID Surface e 8810250424-0 3
4
.s
~
..,e,-
Tube Axis
.'g- ;. -- - '
+ ~
'ya 'y
',- ?g
~. .
n .
') Y, -?
, 7. . r a '
- p ,
m
,' . '_ < l>-_ 7
., a <>.
I t '
" . .k
.4 ,
p g" . a P
.e g.
- .s 100% Through-Wall Circumferential Intergranular Hole i
- n. _ -. . .
k 3 , .< 7, . <,y g e wh, ., .; , t .
\ p _ %> ~
~ . ; 1. g -:, 't g.. .
l, : , .
, g- ,
f i
.s
^'# '
'r'h.l y
') l _.x ,
t ( \ 5 % / >> ,NK.
. . s. .
's L. . ,
?
f lh iT Crack Surface Deposits
PAGE 58 Figure 2-24. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 6
- w . ~ , ,. -3 _- g.
- n. ._ : .
c - . T. .
.~
. ,\ ~ ....: ~
,. - : c . . :
. , , g - 9
~
es .. .,*
~
, . 4e u
, -. 3
,.r.
- _
c-
* . g,%. # J. . -
sr ;, p -
. V. . - , , ,; . .
- /. .s <g , 3 ,. _g :.f. 1, "x"
"y" 1. w%.x, Area ./* / -< : 'f,< 1: , ~ . . j. M .a jv. pK
.,. 4 e ,. '4: Area
?R0 AP riR0 ERTURE)
E n < x z.i. :: ..
. a"
- 21. 1 .am .....
us in a.s n nn zeru a l l . c w _
.. J. .
_,3 i *'
' .- .y -
(~( .% (
.I ,;5k,'
,g 4
.y n .i- ;
; h hi .
. , ,;q ;'
r y,_ e ~(;, m - s'
~
'42 84 ti '88 liso Xvailable On ,
~
Aperture Card 8310250424 -63
5 Tube Axis 8 o x De 5 rp [E"V7* s E ffD g ;"_ T~.
- 0 DN, D ( ,[", ~> - l+ , , Q
- n. n. .
r, ; - z , pl ? ;, % '- di Q; (, ,> 4 ,3
-'/s -
-),. J'< ,
- ., jfr . '
;3 ,,,_
- h. . 1 3, " _
['q: f:
% .i 't,j.
[(- y .- g. [y ~ ;;p) .8 ' ..
>7
. y!; .' ,
..;}g
.y'.' -
r 3. a ,.
,'t)\ .. .
./.
x o
; .ti
- O
, . l!'. 5
['y s0 f .h_[ ) h c f': f,y N $
..1 +A ;'
- u. .e o
(;. 1 l~T- ' _ r: : n.
,O , s'
? :1
".s:
}
CD Mechani.',al Damage OD Mechanical Damage e _ . . . 5 o F1gure 2-25. SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 m E
N m n a n n Tube Axis r-n o y n
'X_, y-p O
. . -. . +; .. /..
p ,-- :' M . e$
,,1 e ,
.( j Z.' -
,,'Iw.
w , ., en . . . , ,. .. , o eua a vj 2p M F.,'- '
,.v ,f3.
eh .
,_p f ,
,, I *
~ ~b . I, m
~^
. t ,L ,
m
._ , f. h,
-Q .
.b.
m
\,
r - w
. _ , g. .. . o !,
l 3 > - M. g' ): G % WW
^
~
. 2
. - + .
.- /
o
' .
- 4 N
.c-'
% Yki, OD Mechanical Damage
_f-_
' P .W -
- /
.fff.n& :
o O Figure 2-26. m SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 (After Cleaning) , 1-o E e-
~
+ .f*
.* *. b
- i. . 5 '6 4
- 9, .
l_'._' .- "] . e
]."* ,; .[
." *' - j,. ,
1
~
,N A il' :
' I.i . -
., ' [ -
i 1.c
. .s.s f. . . t i'- ... .,
(-[?.. ...;.
...;< . t.. ,. . ..
, - -s.m .
.. .r. . - . . . ;
v,..-
i
-l
) 3,. ( .i
*e
('g .. pI
, .. *ev%, * ,. % , . 3, . -
.}
y, .' A
- l ,. (
~
j 'y '- wg - Ti.*
.y .. ,
s4g l . 2- N. A go. g
. vn : ..; -
j L.
* . .s '..*' -s ;<
s
~Q .
. , , ,Y l
a ' %; ~ ,g .g i, 1 g.s % e. 3
.gv .s t
y ,W s S . .h % , Area "h" (100X) Locato _. . * - . ,s EMP :
.. i e-'
, 7e ,%',. g jf '. ~: .
[M%m;[ , ri [ ->
,g
', .. [
k . S: .
- s . .
3
-r w X. ..
I - ,, ' q _ i
~
, ./ '
.e', E c .. .
L .g
./_
9, gr .g, f Crack Surface Deposits
-- 4 Y
g - s4 . 2
.d s .e ^
s ~% L j ,- ' ' ~;% -
.E 0* Q ' . );**
- s . s. Nw,. 3 i
. *$M ;
y;. '. w- Q. ya Wy')
'~
^
J'
,y}m:*,Q .' \$-
3 l ., a j g Area "d" (500X) Figure 2-27. SEM Mic B73-8 A J}I liso lvallable On Aperture Card
-- -..- ~.. . . - _
~
PAGE 61 zg . .
' ' , ' ' ,$ !Q
- E .
_ *{ .
, h, b -
'S '.
+
,. p.; e, . \
g ik s( - ,
* *- e cg g4 - ,
,.. g. , .q
,W
,gg
- m b, ai(in
.. g & ,
g sy,n _. 4..
' ;' N .--g.
r t- - j g] 1 Et 7.g' Y
.' ;!APEObRE y ;-.,g.
(50X) Area "a" (200X) l CAO s lath
- ?" ~
clean Crack surface
.i i ,
e i- , Aw .. 1 l g
"- " 1
- ographs of Tube ea 1 Crack Surface Area "c" (200X) 'l p
8 310 25 0 4 24 -tb
j 1 o 4 Tube A:- i
-, w- e r - e y- - -, ~ ~ = ~~~-.~~-"'~: w wg i '
;, e.
+
, u. .
- w%A; n
- s. ..
d' Nr5;h . Ny _k t3y 3
- ._ j ,o p3 3
uf . s . w.= 'N q , 3 Intergranular Circun.ferential Crack with Extensive Branching med d k i
\
l.
PAGE 62 i Figure 2-28. SEM Micrographs of Tube (, s B73-8 Area 3 (After P Bending) l
> K 2=16 5 5x ; 4 - A ; 4 44 ,Ev Ssece .
, US= 512 A+8 M H$a ggly nb i
Y' h (q , s
- N . .i "'-' ,
Fc
~
l4;-f__ - s< b .. N ' t, Area "A" EDX Spectrum Showing Presence of Sulfur in Deposit
,m3 v- p { () 1 4
'lsp kRT URE!
~
o.jist, is O ] , i Also Available Gn Aperture Card l 8 310 25 0 4 2 4 -u
eu E n l o n n o. r Pn o
,. x
, i)? . : f, g - '
.e -
, . n.g 8
5 . [, ,
,~ ,
?.
}N
?. ttf '
. a,
..r+,.. .. *r. :
9~ / a , w o
- c. ~. - *
. ', -{-- .J '
ppg. - z
- r. s 3 ., >- .- (< , . ,
;. ,s a a
. - ,e :- ~ '
- t. s- . Le o
--/ 4 g
- t .
.--*,., ~
Dh
N '
~.
(,.,, .
..o-s . . -s ,
L. '- ' ',
). b .
Area "C" o Figure 2-29. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 8 (After Bending) . g i cn W l l l l
nz e>tnoor c e
- D* o,Cb ,D wwCwsg e m o>R OA
' A ..,
'u,=,g ,
y' .
.. s .
9 s " z ) g
" a n
-( ,% ,-
e i
. [A r d _
. A n _
y- e B r [,. e V b, t e
~
g gg
. f
- A -
' ed_.
( 4 " 9
. s > p' ..
- a
+ ' _
._ p ;,'
.,m e _
r 5 , l b A
' . %' y _ _
_ ~, ' 7 8 0
, g( .
- 7 3 _
8
.p 7 3 -
e
' b
- u _
- .. . 3 T f
o s h p a r s .
-, - g
- s. 4 M' :
o i u . x ty,. ,p . g' r p
'y p, c
A
',...<'+w-(
; n,.+..il
_ g _ . ,. g . ', , g i e w t. % , :
, 4 f_ W , .
, M -_
b :
. , . . 7- -
M u . t . .w j E T "
.4g+ -
s S
* (C n }'-
ey3. \ 1g :c x %
*..'7.- a_A
.N
^
- s. . 1 .
*,~-' 0 m
i . &,. ) . 3
' - ~ .
2
- %~*pJ,s f' . vw-e .
\
s r Q~. 4. - $ws . ; ;,"4 u g m
- 4k9.M ,;.. s.'- d i
A-r , 4s F
- 4. x
. y.
'lQ~9$*,.,.g, m
-., ,, D y
w,$ec ,. '.-MW, N e. s T4y'q.
- m
.. .r' .
^, _
.w ~
\
Y 4 h.g%. - . .w# 4.r.a, . . pM._We,4; m e y' . _ '#.*. 4-.. 4
.r',
, .I ' * +
3' ' sf n
. ,~
t o f_
.I, l l
! il; > 4. ;
,9; ij.1If.iJ1!!ii , Ii :!
- - - -. -- . - - ~ . - - - - - -_-
cx-2- cx: o o n 7 o. Tube Axis 5 . r-O 1 o x r ~~w~1- ~ ' '*
<p ;
K ~. i ,-
. ./ ..
r- % .
,g,%
l 9 ~, ,,
; '~ ,s.=. . e r', 9 n
l N y ,
*(.-'
~-
. .._' ' jQ.* $,j'_ .'.<' ~
- > 4;. .
y $*
- y, '/ s- .
8
' &f'i y.f_h.
j f,y I
~
v s
~ : f. QSs
,.. . . - ,c . -,.'., . - c.- ~ i ..
e i
=
- y. * ..
- f. / . -
.9 T . ' f. . .o 'pl. (/ K(.n , j/
l ",~ - e T
, h'l , ' . , , .
f
.. {je,. h g k :? ' l n_ 3 ,9, N
- p o i
.. . s-. -,,
.. ,t w
-l'**l<~
g.p -
^a-- 7 f i. s
. .gje
~
yo C
* ~' '
_t . . - -
,_ 'f , & . .' h. . \
e 4
- [%
. ,e" ', ,
E. w y... .~ p , >< /
. ;? < /
( ,
$' l* h. ..' ~
< ,, I' . ', , -
*f-,- f
,f r 7
\ ' '
)E#
Area "d" OD Surface IGA I i o Figure 2-31. SEM Micrograohs of Tube B73-8 Area 9 (After Cleaning) g= 1 m l @ l l l l i l l 1 i
L. k I t
^ Tube Axis
~
? '.*?v.<.
'i3 A M
., .y -_ s <;, ,,.,g N s_ % ,,
t'
'*"**%z c' ' ' l .' i . 3].( i t ' ,,' 4 % '
e-
,s ~
~
n"\ - r~'L~- -wpr 'R),, s ' m~ : j \. ~ y-~
.w ,
~ a -;: % j,
, . g y N ;.* $i' ,p .
k . f
, ,g .- . .s, hh ' ghk' g y ~ .3. 5
$ $t, R
' . w .: .
~
S gg g__ V. ; W
. .; 4 y
'[
hk y,:2)_-f 9
' *- ? *, ' '
. ,. ' 1;_ : ' ^ g"' ' "'
,,.. & ?^. f~~ ;
id4JA<j 3.JL C.-ai f OD Surface IGA ,~
=
I.
PAGE 6 l l Figure 2-32< SEM Micrographs of Tube r B112-19 Area 1 (After l Bending) l l l ) l 1 l r F. ,_. . . . . .-.,. J', , Vn :. . 'x~_~., 8 - .
,ar .,.,, ,
, ,, ..- i.yg. .
- m y +- J. z : .~ .
<;; e g-Q Y('y.j' f . ?,'. _ . . .
$ *,.i + v , 4fl --
%)
4...,... .;,. ,
" ~
p$hly,-csy* y
., y.
'.1
- ~.
r < - . g .,. f
'"' b '>
y . ;.. - 4,-- u, . Area "j" , Also Xvailable Gn Aperture Card
- nw..: -
,. a, .
. $ ^' e' nn.3{
\
i \
.' ) ,
1 8310250424 -12
4r 4-. 13
.n BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 67 r ***?; 7 w 1(q ". 3 : --
$[97: 'h Qy/T ';l 'y Tube Axis ~_
.#, r g ? g 2 ,$g;p{r , <
i .J . 46' y p,, c':2 / , ?
. g .: <*j.;;a
* . &~.pp, lfI g,e s%:.,bjn\]
+a .
l e g.ylk)bD' aL g
&, k. h,:4
?
a n. B *z .l0f . b3 %
- h. R f".t [ L fS%U$h,h!\ ?h' o;,&. 9f&p;G2ky "
45-- -; K : . > O f,y& *R . dll$~ b 4 .
* .. . * =2
? ,4 A
.6 g . < p? yl. 4 Jy.. . a tglw,.tW A; +. . f, ' . g, ,)
. . u. - .
' c
.g . 9;
,. GQ - Y.,)sk_ n, _;
' t [,c. s[-
, j?O ,
. . . ';,,., f...:A f. f # 7
, ~,
.,.4l ,e @G -w
- u. ; . - .. y y n
.5 _-
~:. ~5 o
/ .. ,e a e'
-?
P EMN811*EIM Zs gr
*==
e y ;;y ,&'
.g,[' :) '
'b g- .4 -f- W-c
,; t- .m
/
j ',g
. ==
.s. -
.i ' f . . e
_g .
'; .r
' )j . '
G i
; . l.;? r:
.:/ -
y . . A ' , FyA
%n
- g. 2
/ * - ) is: ,
g 2
- " , _ g' 2:' .
;r
- ^=
*?
/g q,.
s ..? r '- .*.*- '
~
h_--
<s
** , ,r-
- g.. r n
+
g, , .. . , ..
/?, - I$<y[ *
, g
, g
& b Figure 2-29. SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 (After Bending)
Mk s , _ _ . . . D
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 68 i g , ,..7 /,' .) hi 5. k , r,, 2. e < g-
' , Q ;.- '. ,
~
. hy ,,, ~' ,
_r 4 -
-r
,' c, ,. .y-g. . ..- ,
- n. Tube Axis
. _ . ~ .
. - ., ~. - .:. y
, v. .
^ '
~i 't , _
,, ., a.
h# t 5
, . . .y . -
f ... .
,# .,a
- .. I '. - '
...n -
i 5 .
' M II ,
i
' ', k.o W***
. - .( 1 w.
,/ '
. - y:
.:.w y
- k.' **'?_ ,_
]
g ~*' % .y
'~
j,2'f 2g '
;. ":Q . 4 Area "1" Fiaure 2-34. SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 .trea 2 (After Bending)
\
8 Tube Axis Tube Axis , e
'4
- e s t
'* ?
}; W l, _, '
-.}.t, <v - .'['
, o
,s i~ -
o'
~
W ., f !!. . . l Q ,.- ( 4 ..
~# ,
i . h
. s .
r p~. a ' ;_ -
. .j _. ;Lj.c g %_
c. a,
,9
/2 ' ,4 '#
s ., ([ . ,, am, w
, \ -
~
3
% 4 " . ' [. . ,- 't$ ., g
, <Ar (v *
(N' ,-
*a qf .. i
~-
; ,9 s
.y .
u yg - c3
.. % - (' ,
og . . c y 4 .
.s ( -
- Yi]:l?n
~
3 1 M Ficure 2-35. SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 3 (After Bending) $
BABCOCK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 70 TD _,,p"N.ji . t: - . .. .. s 4
~* , '
err , ,. 7 _ Tube Axis
.#T r,: 4 .
g .,. .
's AYkh{ . ..
*T'.',,t.f(
a-l.
.' M, -
1 hk ' .
~r
( e
.,p. J 5
. T. A k 44 s' *
'. .q .; (
. ., ( -
- t. . . -; .
* % :f f s .,
b, b', if , 1 x , ,; , ( . u, f : s
.( .,
}
^
~.
{
, %qm gg
+
?m! hv,eks;~m,gg.' * >:
e%U. "j f._'/ &y ~y,hMJO
-k? / #,i~[ , p(-}$k Tube Axis gQ, v-. c. .
' s3 !?;7 /
., g .
+p.,... 3.n ; , w.,e ra
's&;pg&QA t<s-~t;T * ,)
64 ' r,j n*g trycp 1) - -
?)f - 'p . .; _. .y
~
f. s, nme,o, t 1 h, .gWkhp aby 'r f:cl,.Y 5
.x,D: ys-{ifj
. w v1y e.
b k
~ y w 'i m.
- yp;;jp,"n4;i :s y'}q.jf .
m
]
Fiaure 2-36. SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 4 (After Bending) rd
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 71 1 .
@i'. .- .,
~
~
T ,. .
.- 3 ~
A Tube Axis
+.. . . . .
I
,- g~ _ -
? - 4
-. s.. - -
x.
~ g '; e
,~ *
-y+ . _ , ,
,~~~,
K
' n y . ., , -.
I
* * ~
. , ';f6~ w9 .' 4. ' .--.% _ ;_ .
g , j n~_ ---
.~,,,
* ( ' - mw- Se -'w. .
,, ' 's 4 g . 'j--- ,
' ,_ _ ._ j -'.- l ( ,' ' %'; - < a y. *
- i -
n 2^& w. ,.7 ~ ; . : _ 5 -; 4, . , 9 -
. ..n, OD Surface IGA
- w - '. .
p . z A
^
4 - a ~ . ) 4
.) , t,e & ' ~ . s
? g
. c :
f p-
, p ,
~ '
W. :. - - h_ , h. s Aren "e" r l Fiaure 2-37. SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 5 (After Bending) L. l l
F BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 72
~
'! m' ,
)t'
)
,' - Tube Axis "l&
J'. ; (V / , kg ', y t { l I lh . .;. E'*g. OD Surface IGA Figure 2-38 SEM Micrograohs of Tube B112-19 Area 6 (After Bending)
~
UABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 73 Bent Tube Sample O
\\
\\ l
\\
l
/
l 0.020-inch / Grind-and-Polish Increments ( s [ Tube Sample l i k i Mount i Mounted Metallographic Specimen f [ L I Figure 2-39. Longitudinal Metalloaraphic Examination Techniaue r _
- 8. $0
y, - _ . - . _ - , _m ;-.- a- __m - _..__ __._u.._.- _ __.-__-_ a . .w -- - _ _ . - l 4 , I I I l
.a l
~ - ~ . . _ , , , ,
I
~ - .fu ' , .,~yf-4. -
..}- /
.', _w _
- ~
f .f** M : ,<y -,A r-es - I a
. %e . .'cr-.*
@N,h 'r e . ,l. $
l *< ?*:: 4 , i ' f.
%.;3 .
O -
,..m. ;o f 14
;/s .* 3 x.e :.,. c. 4*i. .,- [pll A. . . ,
'. k N 4 .
h', ; l2 * .. .v. 2 9s y;p" cQy gs- n. [r[ k-{',- a d- ~;!g?T' . tc ['w$f,
.
- r
[=W , e- e. >
'g5..M,y-- .
f9 g ,. l s
- r $
Qm .
' ,4f. I i
1 4 , I ; '.
' c ,- ' . ew'
- i
- n,. .
- -l 9 . W ,'~ i 5Wh.*l p-5 x ;.
w}
, ~' J::L c.x ., ,,
r . y. -
* ' g y-
T w
I I I w 1 w
*that
?
I i ---'N---%ywm w. s
^
)
t (75X) i ll 1 - - - - l \ l fD ',INET[kk$ yl %. x [] }s dw w {? 'Nh(hfhh' : .v; ,p , , ;f~- i;
- h. etw [e.
~4cc. ,y: ~o r ,~ . . '?< ,
M< s e,%.- m, . ;- ce
.q
. ~
. .+ 7-
. c, 4 . . C,m. .
L, ~
*v - * . 3 . n ts
--< 9 . > . P t e . m-
..%. , u ,* - ,.._fs
,,u 9- ,
> y w , , - e ,
w - ! e.,. r u.v ..Nw , y -- ,. <. g' s.4 2 ~s 7 I
.. ..g A 3* , ' '
'l % j ,,-* e- ':1 ! 3 *
' ~
l . i 1 i q
- e ,
t r
^
l
' D' s f s _ '. ,
. - ~
1
,..- q3 , , . \ , T;,4 J ,..'s. a. ;* . .- , - s v ~,.. s a s ~. s 1 5.
4 (75X) m i c i l Successive Longitudinal Grinding Steps Through 5 ,1 00 100% Throughwall Circumferential Crack N N a e S .r- - -;;
.o
>x N ,
1 - )"
- o wh eo <'
Eh mm i o =
,I A w >.
~
v m Ei e <.. 1 5i e~ - A o m Q
,a -@.
r
~
y c-m m er I (D t3 I a3 cn 1
% m G) ! 8 N co w.
]
y- . . BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PACE 75
. -y . . .
g..
,e.g ; N.z . ,ry ,. ?' w ga;.,Ng_y *
~
5 I* " -
~l~*Sj:,he'$ '!".$.'.W~:% \Y c.4.% M:'*$'( -?[ I
.: , ?e v :a 7 .q 1
> L.a. n '
~.
[xc?W4: M YN ~~ f
~
p I R $ ' p';;% h j %t *lj', (z .- .
'p%[.hD,d[d;f[fh sn
@NEh3kyfi[@TNI*hk"$$0*'$ 'el 4-
- o .
%. %gg,,f,y
~
.f4 t *b.( .
__ ,y . - , (75X)
,l c p.
. f, .,. . -e . 4. , ., .3
,- f h, .. A . ;4'g y.o .,
l . .,;
. , _ , y. a %a e-~c'
, ., , I G A Figure 2-41. Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 2
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 76 _ M
.h:,K! ? .-
,y t
- p-:t.
> w . *".
yji"pe '-Q
,r . . - .. e p. gs 4 ,Af ..
,s O
- f p:,,,. f..
' kg .
= .. %'
' $ 4-
%, ;5,
. ~ %. j M ',,<,,' .$- c .g l-. y'il O
.g%
3 , 70% Throughwall Intergranular Circumferential Crack (66.5X)-
+
s e ,
}, ) 74'
- M. .
', y .
jd)g L
.- e@* 4 cy.f 'J M ;y M N}?u3 rg
~
' ? N ,,
~Uj;$9fpk ',
y . . .
? kfj $9 L N.* '?., ;' , E k <.f R5bfh!,lu:,4i.,-a<4,Vd2.}'Y*' '
_ f; ;*yi .f.* 'fc.? sO _ W
.. . . . . ~, y .
Figure 2-42 Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 4
4 e ' . j.~. f . BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 77 ig;C.
*;+ : ., -
. A
....e
'_[.', ' ,
g i' (
- '",OD #.7e. -
, ' _ ' . _ '..f
. -*) 1. . , . . ~
! ,'s ..
.rv ,
- u. -;p:< . -eN . .
+. ', 1.} -. ,
1 h*!$ (50%) 7..' S . y, ..-..
- r -.;. ..,
60% Throughwall Intergranular - TF 'J . Circumferential Crack
- U 'l 'd
%, . C ,.:s!i ..
.. , w .. .
- .. .i
- g; .s -
M. #
,.: ; .4*s
'._.'x.
, . . . _1 . ';
y .-a : .- ty 4..,., _. 4.%.%-a . 1, E ' Wj Y. ..
..y:::. .'. .. .:'
k:9Ni
;?A.v-.2 't y: <
.) : e fi! .. .
m m: - L%! - yw-Figure 2-43. Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 5 . Y i..?
..e:. '
*$'~,.,~.
,y.- # . , " . . ,
Y..y.Y % e -
.a ', Ng ..-
L. ,:$ys
, ;o . . .
. .w .- ' * !
d BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 78 MkN 3 .9 AN h' ~v q %,Yhd f .b
' h>dh ?? ,>: %QvugQ$.:'
? , 2:bk:
N5N7kh$k.khh:. A,.[ '.sW . k' 'i:t w;{ *h$b m 8 ,p p.- * k . ' ' .. M' r
, h s' p e, ..... p ,,
pi
$ 'b ,f, .c..g
[. p.
.. - . , v. o
, - w....
1-
.t...-t- 3 g [. .
_ .c
,V g . , A
. .,' w.' x $
. , s .. .
.,._ y n .'
C 8 .
+v' . , , ,.
.. f,s, . ,y qss - ,, - > y: ., :. 5 o
b u. ,. t c. .. .
-r ,, '- >
. ~ ~ -
p . .& ' , w 37, .fu.
~
..i n. ' ),,<.
> .m
-. .. .. ~ .>
e
. y:u.y..., .. .4., ,
- ;4 t
. % . ; .. - - . .:;p., ; .
. . . .. 3 .
..4....
g . . . ...
.3
..,.3.,, p -;. y
- g. A .,,.*
;; .. 1 .s
- c. '. .
.c. g . . . . . , . x_
f* ,- t - .
- }ms.g, {: .. .? . .
{, ,
. * ~
yj.. ;3 . j. p
. .: se .
a;. . ~ . . . .
,; y e8
; r.y:
i.. ., OD Pitting s-
'i a',jfilf 4 ..k r .
(50x) M:. . . ,. a-w .-s , mp ri-
,n
.w l': ,rf'n.
,~.~ _< , ' sv.s. , .u. . .
g ' qf .
^ '
. .Q .- ' . . ' - '~ ; t , l ' T l4h ;s
-( .
- n. I . .?' . , . . $
1.0 a $ v . t - a
- x - -
far: # n * ,< OD . ' g- v4.vq- :.%.. , , , -
.-(g,.".,3..'p..
F -, , .
. s .
'O- .
f.-y,- a :Ct.. m. ; 1.
. +
s e, >. %. . I . t'( J t
, _ . oC).
Figure 2-44. Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 7
BABCOCK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 79 E
~'
*f; .is ., r B
.~
,. ~ , N '&p. .? f
,] *Y; % ?h . ':-
- t ,_
- GP 2k 1
', ' i?.f *. p .'*\~ WQ 'Ash.p ?:'(*+.'.D'tY q
; j Ia' '
h(? '-- ')AM D.-~ ..TV ) yy 'c61Gf'^ ..g . C7. . f J (75X) OD Surface IGA
.(
pw.
~
;[ ,y W ' . ,, . . -y . ,
'/- sci . w, I e -
.r. .
u- .
.g
~'
3 4>. . jg'.
, . ~
. .. ,.jV$,q-u %;.. -A gef xg,. b s_ %
. -;g ; ,
f.D ' *- .
~
.s .; .- @ .
t.
~
.e r .. -
, . ,z . -
,- Ay , .. ,
,.a
. . r? . .
- c e.
, .t.c _ .
..-.x
. . . . . .,(-
;, ' tes
's .gf f,'*5si .jl 7
(532X) - Fi gu re 2-45. Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 8 M
,E
i BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 - PAGE 80 l
- e -m-- my- --x-m n------
, r;.
.s', 4
?$ .
se o f .rf. .-
-w gg y' ;f: . .n..qw g:,,~ 34 -
.,., k,,:.',e a. n,>>.,u/ ;-
-', ,,A - l 9 sf : I
, g p .,ff.. . , 3- . , ..,f; ,.
+ c. ; 'y yw .
,y.,4 '.
-~ ., .-, 3
+ T; a .s>,
y, ' ~ : ~% :J q , 4;,t :r; y'w., p;- - ,..,_.-
.e' )
, .t, ._
, x x -
- . . . . .x w. .
a .
< . -.- - q 9 ; a
'e. ,
+,,.
~.:: .l., : .-:. ~
ql
'v' "*
,1. _ ~
f _nL _ ,.f * ' ' ' y '._ e,- .
;; r :
__c O f 7 .7TA -. -. , n ? . .r g,.t , ,7,J
.g... 7, . ..., . i,1 v.
,v ~, - cr . .k..
?
... , ? ,3;; f
~
3.. "- gg " y'- 21
$- n- - ; & ;.c ltu :% w (66.5X)
OD Surface IGA p n,. g , - - - ,.,. w - w . n .
^* * '
y . . _ l ~
', ' e % .
. AN , ' 9: '.
. .se 9 . ~.. .
- % c*'
^
. _p.
-Q/ . i
~
^
.s
.flf
,f.
'N-g dg%, -Y
.rg&;; '#$ '. l'..
yg?l% - .Jh. ty% .*:.z, .=- . - .
~-
+ .. . .;D , -W >:. g%u s t eL -
gi.r-.. / C?! ww , . . . 6 - M. *.*. ' .g "? ? ' a. . (400x) Figure 2-46. Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 9
- , . _ . . . . . . .. .. .. . _ _ . . . . . . . ~ -
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 81 gs . . + _- ,
,- s f ,,, .
-~ .
9
- s. ..
~,
, . _ .. - - 2 y i
*^
y
;.g. _ .. , v b, 7 g- % ,' 4 y
, ;', ; ; n- : p::
1'i,'t D e .
, ;. = t, - .?.-
A _ 3Q:) .! ;., L .- :
. . .i o. . . . . - .. .- .- ..
= _
... j. }+
, . : }. ..;
t,.. l. Successive Longitudinal Grind-and-Polish Steps of General OD Surface IGA (50X) _ d
. .; 4
- p h-h a 4.fi a:- v6;_/~ ::-s *.: g ;.
., . x ~ , . , . .>:- ,
- .. / w+. .:e . ,n^.
.. n , v, %~
x
~
21.6 , -
- s. : a . ;l m
,y..,,
.u a . >
=-
;a,- ,,
~-
u ;. .- K_ r., 4 . , .,.. ., s . , 7
,7 .. _
' ' '.c , f~
. ;b ' '; ;g: ., n l% ; -4.l x , e, -- . , ,
w;.w-
. .n;.;..; . ,.
.y. -
+ ,; ,~*
3_
~
.~:>fc .
v
+q "L
- .. - R~ '. (a 2: . , ,
.,.;;gL :x
+ , ;;,.':a p;. ;.1 ,.
-;)
' %,^ ns i
." ,~: :;y&, 2 a;v%..- .:. ;g . g;?,
> - - " g#
. . , _ ,r ,
.m . '- w:
- p . l . 4;m;;
.y~ g'*q 3,%g 2, 3 ,;g-( y,p }.,u!e;3g' -
.. w .ogyg<.r:g; m t , 4 }s@m-- ". , ,\ j - -4 4p fy. e y ,.-
wm.:
< .2
- r. - . _
r Fi gu re 2-47. Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 1 . m c - M g . _ " (~
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 82
'Q ' g gj;. - :- : , "
p
. hV .q' ;-
. ;, .. p 99.
- i-{ ,
s f*=4 K. - 7 . . s t.
).' ~s '
. .T~ [;.*; ,
.s;
- 1. - ' t t .^.., -
~
'y\}-- - ,
fr , ) L
/ 7'% ' ~. ,' ,i* 4 '~ -
;,,) .
c . i\ g
,- ',, _,4 .O- 1
~. ^'
x : e a s'
'-- i n ," a 'f,...
'{ . ~ .
.j
, ~ \f ,.-- ((f' i ' ^ (' 7>f. . , , f
,s \ e '%' j y ,x ;
/
f- ,, , a gs., v. p.( .
.',.: , .. . s' s -
'-\ .,. . - .
i
"(/ _'(
l .3 ,
.{* .
- f. - uj
./ i m,.3 "3 ,;.\ '-
,a
- i. 1
( L/. ]9
> ,i
./
.a 1
-J,,x ,. ' ,> -
'.,\.'
;1 )
..- .a t .
.L .%
Area 3 (300X) OD Surface IGA
- p. v' . .
s.}kk R ; .'~ w ..
.. w 4 *p [._
f s, # l'[
,i 'h .
c=:m
' i' y;!
c+: 'J Pyfg$ g., ~ ,. g' .k '* j *' C., . 4.'~[.< { =.. ,,,,
+
y,,g rq g
;.. y e y?: .a ,
..j s.. 7 '.
9x r . p, s
=.
% ~
.r c.
ja; ;,s ' f j.Q[. ,* , ; j 3y;Q.- h g' ,N' - i. ' ,-(-- 7 ~ /;/ ;@ 4jD Mk[. $;p.id, g-f 8 3j . 1 [-.' T - p -- . r:.w.q> ; ,A e -
,., v ~ .- .w
., t , :;t ,
.;;.;S _
%.<, ~ '
y
,e :x 4, W s ~.Q . ,
. ' % e..
5" LXM a. e t :.n.& .
, x '<.n.J.hY; Area 2 (75X)
Figure 2-48. Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Areas 2 and 3
. _r h
a S
\ =
s - v
.s
.w y y .p ,__ , ,.
.-- p. . s, c. . .
.fq n 4- .,....
g
.+ -
g L,6
,, < s
' ,_ k e
. a
,,3_
7; . .' Jg m
. ^
y, + .,- d.0 r , ( h N, ,4d ,9 'kSO# *' 1-A q h - I ', -M j (66.5X) OD Surface IGA _
/
,,p.
s-
- g. . t=
g' L ' a ', i, - ,,-
. %.f,j,'IAk%@O4.- 59&NIfff Id .
_uk _ __ y. (532X) Area "a" ! t I
\
i m-i uiii .I
PAGE 8
; m-: .--,-.. m ;m m w7' -,m.
s Figure 2-49. Micrographs of Tube w .J. 4 e 3.f 90
, -y,, c_, rq.
. - .yg ,..;
4 B112-19 Area 4 s
+
., , , . s 74- ,; w: . . , y ,; ,~
, 'y i g.~, 1 p
,,; . ; yg)y-q ( .
' k. d* :: %fq<d %
- 7 .s t m,
.a ? ;;p; C (
s- ' [J + < 4
~~ *
'. .- ~,[b[\
a 'ik!: . q.Q;,. t., , D
- r, c.
_ ~ , s , ].'. % r .
+
..s ,
, - ;;Qr '
, - m ,
, , . .. ;v 4 e'- + ,% , v % _. %
3
- ,, -3 1* *E; 5, -q- -
... s,
>: '* cj
- 7. ~ . ,y
+
- 3 l .g 9
~
Y .v.1 ,, ' . , . ' s
;j l% ~
, h l
.s..
. _ ,% ' ;* ..e q*%'.
r'.
- _5 or %
N ek %l
, ta w ,=a -
+J (loox) y- . .. . .
kg P O
& *. g i
& T'- h + h
- f:( ~ 4 g' ,
F **
/ :
7' , , 'N.a ..
..:~++
' ^,
,, n. a.-
j , 15, . ' % yN.
*1 ';; l 7 ,, '
\
fyNl
~1[ ;, '
.b 1TailaI)le Dn g g e*( * ...
.1fn.:./;7;l r Aperture Card
' c eg >W;t o. . c. a .
w% g% , sj .-
.f _ .!
1a
=
i 3'zq.,. 4 4,,}- _1j j.),( {.A c: op . t,*1,-
) .7,-. J A;.'. #..g--. .
;.n , .,
j ; , j . g a i.+ x ~ : . . i J- ' Q,, ;s'< bp-'g,,.':,, ' j . j v;)-3:7, w ,.j J A. ,4 l m'- *I.W4;M %g,. i
/* .- ;
,, 4 Lp. % j _
1 1__ h_I t' e,* % -? ".. j_ ~(..,.n c ( /. -'*j'd y r[j!.;:.k:&h - - wND el ',1 j _8.J l L a % %;&f;;0 e.L 5 A i - W" \ - h (750X) Area ,,b,, 3.,... L.. . hk .M t 8310250424- @
,g.,,- ,, p 5
-_+
m
.iz -
BABC0Cr & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 84 __ e
.=
-c
+
Ff-(% r,,. -p- , re.tf -
. .,n_w
, , s -{ m u
3 ,,. , a e ., s. . T,. :
- f. '
?
y 7
'T
_7 4
, -=-
3 a
=
f, / ., c g,
~
g
!s s - ,-d
-. u 2-g .
]
-=
..w ...
s '..
o-l* .," ' - - ~,. . vp '. e.vg.
+
. ,M ' \ ' . y S =-
.-Q: ' .'-
. , ,s . , .
,\'
(
/ .
37 .3
.4, y
j. w c N ~
..p. . .-v
. ~ 3,/
. , c
, ,g,, ,. ,
.f, G. ,
-w
't l - r e ,' Tr 7. .' , 4 Tg ;
- n. c-
'4, ' e
)rJ- "
, ' . . j_, . .<, . . . ,. - .
s.
. g.
n.__ s .
,- ,.. i. - , ,'
'^
& m .. .: , $r 57' '-k
' ' . ~ ' '. g, o;
- ' G;f.f.. ., %
w v.n w..-
. .,, x,. _ , e%.,- .n
- s. -- .- .4 s
=.-
,m.
., -. d .
. *p -6 . ,.;;; y-f q ,, R . d' %.h p.- -
- h. $
't t '. ';
. q j ,. w < . j,g . . .'?r.
p c - ..-
- 3.y ,
g m Figure 2-50. Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 6 c _ . .+ k
l t, 4
.\
/
I
.~
i f"
. . , , y ' -1 .=
. c .,s . .- r
;ga . , . l.b. d. .'.
y fa 1:' - - 4 *g. , . . 3
~ ,
.i
,w s
.s
..,,a
., w g .
,- y ~ .
.~ ' ,.
q.%. .. . f,: ,
~4 '4 N
5 a 0
~. p '. ,' - ~-
i
#: .y . .. .)
l4 , - > . (- - i -;.
. .. '. , {p s
s e -
- !-?
- :?Ya ? :'? IIS Pitting with Light Granular Deposits
.t h
gV a
= .
(
.a
PAGE 85 6 Figure 2-51. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Near Area 6 (Before and After Cleaning)
' , 4 4, ". .
, N%' ,C4 , -
y
, j . , ' 'j i %,.
j . . ,o
. .v-g ,- .
' < ;I_ ,g' !fA r~f h ,
.i ', \ ..:. j f / y .k 'c ..f
^
.. ?
w \ A' ; . 4s1 lg, s,-1'A ~ . 3 i . !
- N. . f _
M After 'i
]
- 3. OA W d Also lvailable On Aperture Card 8310250424--{S
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDO:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 86
.y_ ~ g ,t -._
<.,4 9 .
_ ,'. % . , -, '.-#vut 3 's
. . . .3: s ,
- ,g Q .
O,.. /' . .
- h. <,.
4 L -- M'.- L(
-4.,,+.~.
. . . . , ,w :P -
pW 5 [.; ,g
' ~
.'[ Q k.
.- 4A. %
, , [. ,
I sw7 N ..
-_ eg i- b4RW' S _ '\ .6 9 -- g_~*[s 4 -
-M y'%
s .' W + f. ~' '. , . "
,,y n
'- % .a - -
'..' ,ls. ". - Y . '. .
.- y ~ e-4.w .e> -
, .. n .: a
.f4. ? r' c , \' . , . o. . .. ~ ..m , -
,., ns._ :. a .g
. . % 'A M ; - . /..
-. p ', , . :Q *~ ' ; . & .,'! V '
rp .. .. W u. ., s -
. d. .. . ' .
e
] . - # lf ,
f,
,r.. '-
r . ._ q%, W '3 3 y* , . ~ - -
}+ 4
..s -
..,g .
.. , ,y. f. . ., *;g ,
~'h y
?c[-
=' O -
a
,?)[Uh 4N Up]
_ ;h.~ . 4 {.d. 3, n T.,i N: y
%.N
*hW
-w
.o _c. $
, 9~: :,4
, w h,
, - ._- ~7 ' . .
' <y&y.4 T, ? '
/ .- ,% .
, , "? ..
c.,,.-
. , , ,7
,p
- 4. - m.,
?
s j., _
. w. +. .)
, r, g..'~t.y...- .: ...
4y ' W ,' - 4. _* '- ~_
~
- y, 6.
= y- * , :.
J,. p-
~
..[.. -
n_ . ,.
~f*
Q , f.N - Je~w - p-
, . e. .o.-.
3
, .\
' a%M . ,, &s . i
', kp
- , 4$ . . %~
.I y
V4 ,l . - L- . 4 j', [
%.' % ?lC 4
' -17 .~ ( - t' 7 = . -
fsg
., :a V.; --
.} :;ky i - , ,
4 Sr D
=
l' ~,x m
- a - u,.
Secondary Cracking 4 $.fI
" ~"'"'"
Lo c d 12.ed IGA 5 U.i
.. o b Fiaure 2-52. d 5I5
SEhi Microaranhs of Tube 873-8 Near Area 6 ;# ( Af ter Cleaninq) "na# n E I.M_ m _ . . . . . .
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 87
. ,. ,N i - - A y , }n +s. - gs ,s' ,. ;- }, - -f : _ ,t. -' ' s. . . s s \ .i . 1 .. J ' ' '. ; : ' y fQ"Q f pA:f - ...: m, - . w t s. \ E' ' 4 ,~,..,, ,r.p y u' - J . - . @J . ' s, S ' ' ,c @ 7 [q 6 s v ; ,6 ei ~ f , 1 ' ~ , , $} 1( / f- ^%' t)%., \ , ~; - ,. .. ~ 3 k_ ' y [I .%.-Q ; , 4 y' - ; t. , ,'s... . J ' *^ ' . ~ . - * . s. ^ _2 . a
- = .-- ; ; ;
M Figure 2-53. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 7 (AfterCleaning)
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 88
, i hIh; k[ ' ~
~
- ,;by4 - .~.
,6
,. *y .,
s -
4
. g. - .,
-- f t
, 94 .~
*i 'S * -
. 'K. , t 1 . t 7 Q< :.,; 5.-
)
~
L,. ,:;.
,- ..-( ~
.g
~'
; g . , N.
(,
> ., t- ,P '.
^
() .
g
. -. s *,
,p' '^ -
3 .-
4 _ _
6'. *' 4 e ., . ,
*8 T s. -
4 Figure 2-54. SEM Mic<'ograohs of Tube B73-8 Area 10
y,,,,--- - - - -
l BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 89 ppSn.
fN7. -.
f u.
g
{
i t
I I
f
)
{
l Figure 2-55. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 10 (AfterCleaning)
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 90
, k,;g *.i '. -
. . ' . 5 f.,1.f-[fS 4
, ....g, y :g .}
;l7 - 4
.a4 ! * ~.6% ,;, ; 2%; R f~.
llkih$%$$$lWl?
Q.,Qvi :c, ,[ W, ' ; , j ky..
.~ v. .,,.. ~'
{ i; h'p .4 h ' N't 'g", i.' -
'C
%g,ktt! ,( .c' P (.) .t*',',..,
s ',
,7 4% $. 7 4*. *=
. . . * *y
.,:. . . t.. -
~~' t > g g
.i , , ;.
- k. w,,.
<l.. . . t . _y,
>' , . _ .,g i
.t7
? - s ,
' . ,' T . ' ..
., .,. ; - , .- ~
, . > . - .. .s. ..
- p;, , ,
? .4 10l9 h.
' ~
g u 4
at. ,t
.,~s y
i6 g<tg
~
- 2. w '^ 6
..,, 'gy
,,s s ew X y Twy 4
Area A Figure 2-56. SEM Micrograohs of Tube B73-3 Area 11
f _
- F
- E l -
c
+
* ~ _;' ' - r . .%
rs
/ t&g TQqa L ,3 . _
~r h 3_. :' _
. 4 j%
.k ..,
1
- Surface Deposit Before Cleaning i
-e. -
e
~ g w f - e..
M-N 'h ,-
'N'
% , _. ',, L , .
~
( % .f,, sg
. p .;., '
5-
'4{ V os . - 4, st.
'-+'
; gg3 . [
, ,I - .- .-
%i . * . ,4
_ y .
~ ~ ~
- 3a e
f ys .' 5 . . 9:
m . .
* <'O m'
-' G' , ' %t 2 .
'* A . ;
9 .
' _,b ~
s
_ . y wp - %
- . yo n >'** ,
- k. ,_ ,
# ~;'
f I . + Pitting
=
m PAGE 91 a
=
mum 3
Figure 2-57. SEM Micrographs of Tube B73-8 Area 12 (Before and After Cleaning) Z
=
=
'., s,.,
8
~; R <. - :: ;-;
5
~. (r~>~.
9
-2 j
,. p i"
~
~>;r rw. ~
i j $gQ ' '
?k(M i- {
- %:3 y_;i f y mg -
j; - -
M j 3 R Ls
!e
( , ~- -
_f' N -
D - ~ ~
. ~
g- e. ; ,..
CA'RJ c,4
~ ,.
,b y
( ,
Also Xvailable On j Aperture Card
. . . v -
y , p ., -L A !
j s
After , , ,
- 4) ,
2 1
M' : 3 s
8310250424 -14 3 -
5-8 o
D o s n
+ %d 3 4..fg . .
y , g :;*..d
~
-.--v-gg;f.
", 2 gg
,p;P df '
y w:--r.: -,,,,,
'N -. _~ ~ py,}},f.
}5 $$hAQh? N -' :o y; - W>h p .3
~
- -.? K , 6 ,l.Y< 8
- wme..
's Wy/[$18Y
*,~ j, . a;S .
Ih *io c
[M]h;,f
t tiri44 #.
r 4
.. ,* g ,
NkMD5 g y
{r **~ y; Q
, '8 k A
OD Surface TGA After Bend Before Bend l
l Figure 2-58. SEM Micrographs of Tube B112-19 Area 7 .o (AfterCleaning) g; m
1 BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 93
- 3. DISCUSSION
~
The precise conditions and environment within the AN0-1 OTSGs is not known.
Based on the data obtained during this examination and facts known of Inconel 600 corrosion, the most probable attack mechanism involves a reduced sulfur species in an acid environment. Conditions necessary for this type of attack are: 1) presence of sulfur, 2) aqueous acidic environment, 3) low temperatures (<212 F), and 4) oxidizing conditions. The SIGA detected in this examination is preferential attack of the Cr depleted grain boundaries (stress-relieved state of OTSG Inconel 600), a microstructure susceptible to sulfur attack. Tube examination chemistry data confirms that sulfur was present. Cnemistry data also showed a chlorine species to be present, which may have helped create a locally acidic environment. An aqueous environment and oxidizing conditions may occur during low temperature reactor shutdown conditions. Since circumferential ' cracks were- detected with:n the UTS crevice of only a lane region tube (B73-8) and mainly along one axis, axial stress may have played some role in their formation. A concentrated impurity environment within the crevices of lane region tubes could have been provided by the heavy OD surface deposits at the UTS secondary face.
Within the UTS crevices, the SIGA may have eventually formed into through-wall cracks either during reactor shutdown or operation.(3)
Possible sources of reduced sulfur species include 1) accidental injection into the secondary system of lubricating oils or chemicals such as sodium thiosulfate, 2) decomposition of condensate polisher resins, and 3) the reducthn of sulfates (e.g., by hydrazine).
i l
t
- - = , - . , , , . . - . , . . - - ,-, - . , _ , - - _ , - , , . - - , .
l BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 94~
I
- 4. CONCLUSIONS
. General intergranular attack' exists essentially uniform on the 00 surfaces from the top of both tubes to the 15th TSP of B73-8-and the 14th TSP of 8112-19.
l
. Through-wall cracking exists within the UTS crevice of the lane region tube (B73-8).
. The entire 0D tube surfaces were covered with deposit layers which were high in iron. The heaviest deposits were located near the UTS secondary face.
< . Laboratory and site eddy current inspection techniques were effective in detecting UTS crevice cracking (>60% through-wall), but were not effective in detecting the surface intergranular attack.
. Significant concentrations of sulfur (about 2,5 wt. %) and chlorine (about 1.2 wt. %) were detected on a crack surface within the UTS crevice.
. The most probable corrosive mechanism supported by the tube examination data is intergranular attack of the chromium depleted Inconel 600 grain boundaries by an acidic sulfur species in an aqueous environment.
i e
I i
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:02 PAGE 95 1
i
- 5. REFERENCES l
I
, -(1) Memorandum from W. M. Latham to S. C. Inman, dated February 18, 1983,
" Eddy Current Exam of Pulled AN0 Steam Generator Tubes," (in Appendix B).
I (2) S. C. Inman, " Examination of OTSG Tubes from TMI-1 Third Pulling Sequence - Final Report," Babcock & Wilcox RDD:83:5068-03:03, December 1982.
(3) M. A. Rigdon, R. E. Ricker, and L. W. Sarver, " Final Report on Tube L 77-17 From Arkansas Nuclear One," Babcock & Wilcox LR:78:6206-01:4, July 24,1978.
i (4). M. A. Rigdon and E. B. S. Pardue, " Evaluation of Tube Samples From TMI-1," B&W Document No. 77-1135317.
I i
I
BABC0CK &.WILCOX RDO:84:5303-04:01 PAGE A-1 i
i APPENDIX A X-Ray Radiographs h
I
, . - - . ~
~
I t
4
\
.~ i i
d L~~? ~.... .
I 0'
l '-
90'
,A M
.a A
Tube B73-8 P 4
.i k
I,
..u"
I N
8 O e ash N
O.
e
.,s i
l i
l Also Availabic On Aperture Card PRC \
lee 1 ,FERTURE CARD i .
-. .-.-.-._._ _ _-.._ _ _ ____ 8 310 2 5 0 4 2 4 - t 7.- -
N i
l 4
~
0*
90 Tube B7 i
e I
f M
(d O e 90 mm- .,. . . . , - . . , _ . . . , .
- m. w . . * . . . . - - . . _ .. .. . .
On.n als I f\ U n
/g11 D ~l.i;i, n i llii~-
qr l
, , , , . - . ~~ \
h U /-\ !'( lj ~(
N
~
m .# O so Also Xvailabic O'n Aperture Card
-8 h 2 6
8310250424-[$
i ua f
d m__... . . . . . ._ .. ' . . , _ . . . . . .
O' I
l 1?>
I 90*
..g a
~
l 1
Tube B73-6
\
l \r
l i '
M 48 O e se 4
M g
e
,,n. .n y r s
,L g :
' ' ~
.. ..,_. d r ;
t '
,,v)....
'Also Xvailable b Aperture Card Piece 3 f
i 8310250424 -19
N t
I l s
i i I
i a
1 e
0*
I l
' e.:, ,
4,. , -
..v, 90 s
s 4
Tube B73-f J
(
4 I
d 1
------4a r,,wnnc.en-,-,,w---,a. ems--,-.--- ,,-.~s ,-.,,.w----, . . ,- - - - . - --- . . .. - - ~ ~ ~ . - .. .. . - - , - . ... -- - - - - - - - -
_ . _ . m . _ _ . s .2 g .
11A4 8
Also Ivailable Gn Aperture Card s, .
- -mn Piece 4 I
8310250424-to
-1
' e I
I' Em 4
4 8
m g
i 4
"O
-s l
+
.4 W
=
M i
l I
i 6
=+
-9 I
i l
l $
l s I
f 9
.M I
s d
. - - - - , . . . - , - - - - - . - - - - , - - - - , - . . - - - - - --, , ..__,__---,v_-- -_-_n, .. .. , , , , , . ,,ew-
5 I
a
.. a
"""""" M q n es Mx
- 0*
-s I
r" @
i O #
l e :
1 I 90*
~
i l
?R0 l
f ~
A ? _: R _1 L, ,d . _b
. CARJ r
Also Ivailable Un Aperture Card 5 Tube B112-19 Piece 1 8 310 25 0 4 2 4 -q
'm I
i e c' I I
-J J 6
t -
i l
, 0*
I l
t i
1 l
l
~
.,...y.., . . . . ., . . . , - , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
l t
a 90*
,ra
.I . ,, , ., , , . . . . . . . . . , , , , , , , , , _ , , . . , . . .u-w ma
~i i
Tube B112 '
l s
i 1
i
( l l
a 6+<wwdva,6 O e 80 I
c..anm,.w 5
- 4. ,s A
l :
d m
sa O
80 L,f[_tLgc S n e 2.x i l
g CARD l
Also Xvallable &
l Aperture Card 9 Piece 2 8310250424 -2 . - _ _ _ _ . ---
2
I b -
I f
.s.
I N
m.---._,_ .. . .
0*
f
. _. , f I
t mr
^
3 90*
t
.g Tube Bil2-It i
t
. I.
]
1 l
l l
O l
me l
O l M
l l
l me l
d M o",
o i 40 i O
'l .
d !, bk b .wh Also Available Un Aperture Card
' Piece 3 8310250424 - 1 3
i i
t a
.=
N muyas. a u, ii ,,,, egy, ,pi i i . .;,,,
.a .gaugy, g puyyg 9 ya,ui
. %g 4 ..
m e
.W l d ...--.
m 99$
4 4
'4 4
i se aw 4
,. .. 4 .. . . .
b..-,-..-
9 w&
Tube B
$[
I 8.',
-}
. .-..._.. -. . _ _ ~ . _ _ _ - _ . . ._ _ ._. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
o5.
O 0*
l a
o 5 .s
;; ! *\'g
;: i l_
t . _ . ,
90' Also Xvailable Ibi 112-19 Piece 4
)
83' 250424 -1 4
i 4
1 i F
)
l i
I l
t .
l
.i l
d 4
?
Tube B1 h
t f
l gee 19c !
O <
g;
~ ,
. 7, ,
t o.
P
,3 , .- t O
~
I
.j r,
........---.---d m- A m-____----..
r 90*
12-19 Piece 5 Also Xvailable Un Aperture Card ,
1 8810 25 0424 -2 g
3 l BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE B-1 a
1 0
l t
s.
APPENDIX B Eddy Current Inspection Details l
l
/
g S. C. INMAN, NUCLEAR MATERIALS, LRC H. L. Whaley .
.. y- '
u ;..
Frorn ; . - (.,I
- W. M. LATHAM - NDM80, LRC
"' W* '.'.& E %1 **i
;am
=
- cu,s. rii. no. y (v.9-
*'Rd AP&L 5303 ;_.g . .
Date {,Qg 7
- f.b p Sub}. '
m :.. 'f.,:
[
EDDY CURRENT EXAM OF PULLED AND STEAM GENERATOR TUBES FEBRUARY 18, 1983 wh [,[J L Gn :b N:V;.
C i- On February 15 and 16,1983, sections of two tubes removed from an ANO steam A '. .- p 5 generator were examined at the LRC Hot Cell using several dif ferent eddy cur- M. 9: i d3-
= rent techniques. All tube scctions were examined initially using a 0.500" di- D'"Ad2 ' ' ^
= ameter annular dif ferential probe, a mix of 400 kHz and 200 kHz for support plate response suppression, and 600 kHz, in order to simulate the site eddy WM;.
F current inspection. Although several sections were damaged by the tube removal TC ' .;
process, only one section, tube B73-8 piece 2, was conclusively found to con- gy tain defect indications. After documenting the axial location of defect indi- 4. E . # :
cations, a carbon steel upper tubesheet (UTS) simulation was placed over the h.g tube section. The mockup was located at the suspected in situ UTS interface 3.L %
E and scans were made while recording the data on magnetic tape. Several scans j 9^+; $'
F- were Performed af ter moving the simulation slightly above and below the inter- .
E f ace for possible comparison with site results at a later date. In addition to [ ';.
the 0.500" diameter dif ferential probe, tube B73-8, piece 2 wae examined with a <:f[G
= 0.125" diameter radial absolute coil (0.0. surface scanning probe) to determine W.M N 7 the circumferential location and extent of the defects. A through-wall hole NI P was found 11 1/2 inches f rom t5e top and was located at approximately 800 clockwise from the x-axis as xiewed from the top end. Numerous circumferential
$[$. : 4 7
1 cracks v:ere found to be centered at approximately 1800 from the x-axis with ap- j.;.j"#9e a proximately 450 ci rcunferential extent. The inspection results for all tubes $Q71 are summarized in more detail in the attached table. ggggg f
Tube B112-19, piece 4 reportedly contained a 63% of wall 0.0. defect below the 15th TSP region. This section was examined with three additional eddy current E h.
%,-W h techniques, but no conclusive defect indications were found. It should be tMS
- noted, however, that the 15th TSP region was damaged during tube removal (dent- MMA E ing and smeared metal), possibly obscuring defect information. The piece was .g p inspected with a 0.540" diameter annular differential probe which would not ' p~ #R' Q i
h 0
pass the region of interest because of tube denting. Examination with the 0.125" diameter radial absolute coil showed no conclusive defect indication.
[; M ' g ,3 E Finally, piece 4 was inspected with a 0.500" diameter annular dif ferential MN . -
u probe using a 400 kHz/900 kHz mix to suppress the response to denting. Again, e.g. .Q. "
I- no defect indications were seen. Y. W F
gne 9... g #
h*
1 W. M. lAtham S p ~ ., : ..
E WML/ntq @
5_g~_ p Attachment
%e!;
E
;W t
'3: 11'
SUMMARY
OF RESULTS Depth Tube Scan Defect Estimate
- Number Direction Location (1 of Wall) ividitional Comments B73-8 Bottom tc No loss-of- Mia w denting piece 1 top metal type 6 1/2" from top defect indi-cations 873-8 Bottom to 100%
piece 2 top 11 1/2" Through-from top wall 8 9/16" - Difficult Multiple-defects at 8 1/2" from to deter- least 2, probably 3 top mine be- occuring over a very cause of short distence axi-distorted ally. signal pat-
, terns.
7 3/8" from 83% ) Appear to be CD ini-top ' t1ated circumferen-tial cracks 6 15/16" 88% Located with radial trom top ( absolute " pencil" r probe 6 7/16" 92% Located %1800 from from top tube X-axis. Cir-
. l cumferential extent
) 450 B73-8 Bottom ]Noloss- Slightly damaged piece 3 to top of-metal during tube removal type de- process i
fect in-B73-8 Bottom i dications Heavily damaged dur-piece 4 to top / ing tube removal pro-cess B112-19 Top to )Noloss- Slight diameter in-piece 1 bottom of-metal crease 81/2" from
> type de- top i fect in-B112-19 Bottom j dications Small den; - 13 7/16" piece 2 to top > from top
g-.---.
SUMMARY
OF RESULTS (Cont'd.) Depth Tube Scan Defect Estimate Number Direction __ Location (% of Wall) Additional Comments B112-19 Bottom \ Damaged from tube re-piece 3 to top moval process - sec-tion contains large diameter increase. B112-19 Top to p No loss- Extensive denting piece 4 bottom of-metal near 15th TSP region I type metal smeared from B112-19 Top- defect tube removal process piece 5 bottom indica- 15th TSP region exam-tions ined using three dif-j ferent techniques: (1) 0.540" annular differential r probe J (2) 0.500" annular differential probe with dent mix (3) 0.125" radial l absolute 0.D. surface scanning probe 1 l l t
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-1 APPENDIX C Tube Diameter Data
i BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-2 B73 Piece 1 Avg. ID, Avg. OD, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 1 .552 .6296 .0388 2 .5525 .6294 .0385 3 .5525 .6293 .0384 4 .553 .6292 .030' 5 .5525 .6295 .0385 6 .5525 .6293 .0384 7 .552 .6292 .0386 9 .552 .6292 .0386 10 .552 .6293 .0387 11 .5525 .6287 .0381 12 .552 .6282 .0381 13 .5525 .6294 .0385 14 .5515 .6292 .0389 15 .5515 .6295 .0390 16 .552 .6294 .0387 17 .552 .6292 .0386 18 .552 .6293 .0387 19 .552 .6291 .0386
BABC0CK & WILCOX RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-3 B73 Piece 2 Avg. ID, Avg. OD, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 1 .5505 .6273 .0384 2 .5525 .6277 .0376 l 3 .552 .6275 .0378 4 .553 .6281 .0376 5 .5535 .6275 .0370 6 .552 .6277 .0379 7 .5515 .6279 .0382 8 .5495 .6275 .0390 9 .550 .6282 .0391 10 .551 .6277 .0384 11 .5495 .6277 .0391 12 .550 .6265 .0383 13 .549 .6262 .0386 14 .5495 .6268 .0387 15 .550 .6277 .0389 16 .550 .6271 .0386 17 .5505 .6278 .9387 18 .550 .6274 .0387 19 .5505 .6286 .0391 20 .551 .6276 .0383 21 .550 .6273 .0387 22 .551 .6271 .0381 23 .5485 .6272 .0394 24 .551 .6282 .0386 25 .552 .6348 .0414 26 .5515 .6358 .0422 27 .553 .6373 .0422 28 .552 .6352 .0416
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-4 B73 Piece 2 (Cont'd) Avg. ID, Avg. 00, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 29 .552 .6227 .0354 30 .552 .6310 .0395 31 .552 .6328 .0404 32 .552 .6316 .0398 33 .552 .6298 .0389 34 .5515 .6294 .0390 35 .552 .6294 .0387 36 .5525 .6293 .0384 37 .5525 .6295 .0385 38 .5525 .6295 .0385 39 .553 .6296 .0383 1
l i BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-5 B73 Piece 3 l Avg. ID, Avg. 00, Tubewal l , Inches Inches Inches 1 .5485 .6281 .0398 2 .5475 .6121 .0323 3 .535 .6127 .0389 4 .533 .6097 .0384 5 .531 .6078 .0384 6 .5265 .6126 .0431 7 .537 .6149 .0390 8 .539 .6152 .0381 9 .540 .6147 .0374 10 .5395 .6149 .0377 11 .5405 .6149 .0372 12 .540 .6148 .0374 13 .540 .6150 .0375 14 .540 .6149 .0375 15 .540 .6152 .0376 16 .5405 .6153 .0374 17 .5405 . .6157 .0376 18 .5405 .6162 .0379 19 .5415 .6169 .0377 20 .5415 .6175 .0380 21 .5415 .6163 .0374 22 .540 .6152 .0376 23 .5395 .6147 .0376 24 .5395 .6145 .0375 25 .539 .6140 .0375 26 .538 .6125 .0373 27 .539 ,6154 .0382 28 .541 .6159 .0375 29 .541 .6160 .0375
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-6 B7,3 Piece 3 (Cont'd) Avg. ID, Avg. 00, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 30 .E41 .6157 .0374 31 .5405 .6158 .0377 32 .5405 .6160 .0378 33 .541 .6157 .0374 34 .5405 .6161 .0378 35 .541 .6167 .0379 36 .541 .6163 .0377 37 .541 .6157 .0374 38 .5405 .6159 .0377 39 .5405 .6163 .0379 40 .5405 .6164 .0380 41 .541 .6162 .0376
l l BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-7 1 B73 Piece 4 i Avg. 10, Avg. 00, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 1 .540 .6158 379 2 .541 .6165 378 3 .541 .6162 376 4 .5405 .6157 376 5 .5395 .6159 382 6 .540 .6156 378 7 .5405 .6157 376 8 .5405 .6157 383 9 .5405 .6158 377 10 .5405 .6158 377 11 .5405 .6156 376 12 .5405 .6159 377 13 .541 .6157 374 14 .541 .6165 378 15 .5415 .6170 378 16 .541 .6167 379 17 .5405 .6169 382 18 .541 .6167 379 l 19 .5405 .6176 386 ! 20 .5415 .6165 375 21 .5455 .6221 383 22 .544 .6189 375 23 .5485 .6174 345 24 .541 .6247 419 25 .5545 .6259 357 26 .540 .6165 383 27 .5495 .6156 331 r m .
BABC0CK & WILC0X ROD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-8 B112 Piece 1 Avg. ID, Avg. 00, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 1 .5502 .6293 .0637 2 .5500 .6291 .0396 3 .5500 .6291 .0396 4 .5499 .6291 .0396 5 .5497 .6290 .0397 6 .5494 .6291 .0399 7 .5497 .6290 .0397 8 .54S3 .6291 .0396 9 .5499 .6290 .0396 10 .5500 .6292 .0396 11 .5499 .6291 .0396 12 .5499 .6290 .0396 13 .5499 .6288 .0395 14 .5499 .6288 .0395 15 .5499 .6290 .0396 16 .5499 .6290 .0396 17 .5499 .6292 .0397 18 .5504 .6291 .0394 19 .5504 .6291 .0394
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-9 B112 Piece 2 Avg. 10, Avg. 0D, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 1 .5505 .6290 .0620 2 .5295 .6290 .0498 3 .5505 .6290 .0393 4 .550 .6291 .0646 l 5 .550 .6291 .0396 l l 6 .5505 .6288 .0392 7 .550 .6291 .0396 8 .550 .6291 .0396 , 9 .5495 .6291 .0398 ( 10 .550 .6291 .0396 ' 11 .5505 .6291 .0393 12 .5505 .6291 .0393 13 .550 .6290 .0395 14 .5505 .69.90 .0393 15 .5505 .6290 .0393 16 .5505 .6289 .0392 17 .5505 .6291 .0393 18 .551 .6290 .0390 19 .5505 .6290 .0393 - t 20 .5515 .6291 .0388 21 .5515 .6291 .0388 22 .551 .6292 .0391 23 .551 .6291 .0391 24 .551 .6292 .0391 25 .5515 .6291 .0388 26 .551 .6278 .0384 27 .5515 .6290 .0390 28 .5505 .6281 .0388 29 .550 .6291 .0396 ' L _ _ _ _ _ _ _
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-10 B112 Piece 2 (Cont'd) Avg. ID, Avg. 00, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 30 .550 .6291 .0396 31 .550 .6291 .0396 32 .550 .6290 .0395 33 .5505 .6291 .0393 34 .5505 .6295 .0395 35 .5505 .6291 .0393 36 .551 .6291 .0391 37 .551 .6292 .0391 38 .5505 .6295 .0395 39 .5505 .6290 .0393 40 .5505 .6290 .0393 41 .551 .6290 .0390 42 .550 .6290 .0395
i I i BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-11 B112 Piece 3 l Avg. 10, Avg. 00, Tubew311, Inches Inches Inches 1 .5505 .6291 .0393 2 .551 .6290 .0390 3 .551 .6291 .0391 4 .551 .6291 .0391 5 .552 .6291 .0386 6 .553 .6292 .0381 7 .552 .6293 .0387 8 .551 .6291 .0391 9 .551 .6292 .0391 10 .551 .6291 .0391 11 .551 .6290 .0390 12 .5535 .6296 .0381 13 .551 .6289 .0390 1 14 5505 .6291 -
.0393 15 .5505 .6289 .0392 16 .5505 .6291 .0393 17 .5505 .6291 .0393 18 .551 .6292 .0391 .
19 .551 .6291 .0391 20 .551 .62905 .0390 21 .551 .6290 .0390 22 .551 .6290 .0390 23 .551 .6290 .0390 24 .551 .6290 .0390 - 25 .551 .62905 .0390 26 .551 .6290 .0391 27 .551 .6291 .0391 28 .551 .6289 .0390 29 .551 .6290 .0390
3ABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-12 B112 Piece 3 (Cont'd) Avg. ID, Avg. 00, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 30 .551 ,6289 .0390 31 .551 .6289 .0390 32 .551 .6291 .0391 33 .551 .6290 .0390 34 .5505 .6290 .0393 35 .550 .6290 . .0395 36 .549 .6289 .0400 37 .5485 .6289 .0402 38 .549 .6290 .0400 39 .549 .6290 .0400 40 .5495 .6290 .0390 41 .5495 .6292 .0399
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-13 I I B112 Piece 4 Avg. 10, Avg. 00, Tubewall . Inches Inches Inches 1 .5505 .6295 .0395 2 .551 .6292 .0391 3 .551 .6292 .0391 l 4 .551 .6291 .0391 5 .551 .6291 .0391 6 .5515 .6291 .0388 7 .5512 .6292 .0391 8 .5505 .6292 .0394 9 .550 .6291 .0396 10 .550 .6291 .0396 11 .5505 .6291 .0393 12 .551 .6290 .0390 13 .5505 .6289 .0392 14 .5505 .6291 .0393 15 .5505 .6290 .0393 16 .5505 .6290 .0393 17 .5505 .6290 .0393 18 .5505 .6291 .0393 19 .5505 .6291 .0393 .. 20 .551 .6291 .0391 21 .5505 .6291 .0393 22 .551 .6292 .0391 23 .551 .6290 .0390 24 .551 .6291 .0391 l 25 .551 .6291 .0391 26 .551 .6291 .0391 27 .551 .6293 .0392 l 28 .551 .6293 .0392 29 .5505 .6295 .0395 W
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-14 B112 Piece 4 (Cont'd) Avg. 10, Avg. 00, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 30 .551 .6293 .0392 31 .551 .6282 .0386 32 .549 .6273 .0392 33 .5453 .6262 .0406 34 .5455 .6251 .0398 35 .548 .6259 .0390 36 .548 .6263 .0392 37 .548 .6264 .0392 38 .548 ,6263 .0392 39 .548 .6262 .0391 40 .548 .6262 .0391 41 .548 .6263 .0392 - --___1_-.
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-15 B112 Piece 5 F Avg. 10, Avg. OD, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 5 1 .549 .6264 .0375 2 .549 .6267 .0389 3 .548 .6265 .0393 4 .548 .6265 .0393 5 .5475 .6263 .0391 6 .547 .6265 .0398 7 .5475 .6265 .0395 8 .548 .6264 .0392 9 .5485 .6265 .0390 10 .5485 .6263 .0389 ._ 11 .548 .6263 .0392 12 .5485 .6263 .0389 13 .548 .6262 .0391 14 .548 .6261 .0391 15 .548 .6259 .0390 16 .548 .6258 .0389 17 .548 .6259 .0390 18 .548 .6258 .0389 19 .548 .6257 .0389 20 .548 .6258 .0389 21 .548 .6257 .0389 . 22 .548 .6259 .0390 23 .548 .6258 .0389 24 .548 .6259 .0390 25 .548 .6259 .0390 26 .548 .6261 .0391 l l
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE C-16 s B112 Piece 5 (Cont'd) Avg. 10, Avg. OD, Tubewall, Inches Inches Inches 27 .54d .6269 .0390 E8 .548 .6260 .0390 29 .548 .6258 .0389 30 .5485 .6258 .0387 31 .5485 .6258 .0387 32 .548 .6259 .0390 33 .548 .6259 .0390 34 .548 .6259 .0390 35 .5485 .6260 .0388 36 .5485 .6260 .0388 37 .5485 .6259 .0387 38 .548 .6261 .0391 39 .5485 .6265 .0390 40 .548 .6265 .0393 41 .5485 .6263 .0389 42 .548 .6263 .0392 43 .548 .6260 .0390 44 .548 .6268 .0394 45 .5495 .6259 .0382 46 .547 .6276 .0403 47 .545 .6262 .0406 48 .546 .6261 .0401 49 .547 .6260 .0395 50 .547 .6257 .0394 51 .546 .6257 .0399 52 .5465 .6254 .0395
BABC0CK & WILC0X RDD:84:5303-04:01 PAGE D-1
~.-
1 l l APPENDIX D Tube Sectioning Diagrams l l l s l I l
873-8 7 32p, o r- - - - - - , I l I 5"' 8 - - Area 11- SEM, Bend,SEM, Clean,SEM d Q- J ro d O.
" 11516 Area 8 - Bend, SEM,Metall. A rea 10- SEM, Clean, Bend, SEM,Metall.
Area 1- Surface Acalyses f Area 2- SEM a Metall. frea 3 - SEM, Bend,SEM Area 9 - Bend,SEM,Metall. J
" 54 f.
2 j Areas 4 8 5- SEM,Metall. No -- Area 7 - Metall., Clean, Bend,SEM a Area 6- SEM, Clean,SEM X-RAY Dif fraction Samples o Area l2- SEM, Clean, Bend,SEM Area 13- Bend, Clean,SEM
' 32k ,, ___
69f6 Scale - 1%9 B5 kN$$ N $D$N kNY M d$d!dkd1N$dhhII)$kN[i
1 M E S .
) l nl oa it "0
1 t e = a "I l
- l. c M, l
- l. l.
t a idM n a t l t a le e iE e e a M CE S, d M, M, S c M t en M M E ieE E S S B, S, S, d n
%od 3e n
n d n e l e e B 6C B ( B 3 1 2 G a a a u e e e e r r r r A A A A f \ -
"B u5 "6
5 5SP ( 7 0 1 1 T t,E *d 9 1 l
- ll l a a 2
1 M t e t e 1 E M M, 8 S, , M d M E n E e S S, B, d d n n M E M e e E B B S -
.S ,
5 4 7 n a a a a e e e r e l r r AC A A _ 0
.h S u4 6 5
I l I T 3 U N.f *.o.a i lll 1Ii!I ! l ll' i
DISTRIBUTION LRC ARC UPGD-0FR Abell, GE Bain, GM Ayres, PS Boberg, RL Baty, DL CIC (Library)(2) Bohn, LH Davis, HH Daniel, PL Chagnon, CW Dietrich, MR Monter, JV Concklin, JR Engelder, TC Pocock, FJ Cuvelier, JF Hayner, GO Sarver, LW Danley, TA Library Southards, WT Gutzwiller, JE Lynch, ED Theus, GJ Guza, DF Mayer, JT Hellman, SP McInteer, WA Koch, DW Pavinich, WA Lee, DE Library Pearson, JF Smith, JL Snider, JH Taylor, JH Weatherford, LG l I L. - - - - . - - .. . . . . . . _}}