ML19340B166
| ML19340B166 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Catawba  |
| Issue date: | 10/15/1980 |
| From: | DUKE POWER CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19340B165 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8010210566 | |
| Download: ML19340B166 (26) | |
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DUKE POWER COMPANY CATAWBA NUCLEAR STATI0fl INTERIM M0!11TORING STUDY July 1979-June 1980 8 010210gg
INTRODUCTION
- La'ke_Wylie, a-5000 ha reservoir, is located in North Carolina and South Carolina.
1 It is one of 11 restryoirs constructed by Duke Power Company along the Catawba River for hydroelectric power generation. The Wylie Hydroelectric Station is rated at 60 MW. Dischtrge through the Station averages 116 cms. Wylie Hydro-electric Station draws water from six to eighteen meters below the surface.
I- In the summer' (August) this water is approximately 50% hypolimnetic (Weiss i et al. 1975). The lake receives 50% of its water from the Catawba River via Mountain Island Reservoir and 25% from the South Fork River. The remaining 25% is derived from' local tributary input and runoff. The reservoir has a theoretical retention time of 32 days.
The southern portion of the lake will serve as the site of Catawba Nuclear
~ Station (CNS), a 2422 MWe nuclear steam generating station. The Station will
_ withdraw 10 cms of water from the main._ body of Lake Wylie. Cooling water will pass through a maximum of ten cycles of concentration in mechanical draft cooling towers and viowdown will be discharged at'a rate of 0.15 cms to the Allison Creek arm of Lake Wylie. A detailed discussion of the possible impacts
- of CNS has aden prepared by the U.S. Atomic Energy Consnission (1973).
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4 ' In August 1974. Duke Power Company,. Environmental Services Section began a sampling program on Lake Wylie. Twelve locations were sampled' monthly for profile
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data.. a' nd water samples- for laborat'ory analyses were collected quarterly at eight
' locations,- in compliance with the approved program. This. sampling program.
- constitutes the interim monitoring program for-. Catawba Nuclear Station. Data
-for' the. period 1974 through 1979 have been reported by Duke Power Company-(1977, 1978,.1979).
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i The data coni:ained in this report are part of the continuing interim study.
These data' cover the period July 1979 through June 1980, l
The objectives of the interim monitoring study for Catawba Nuclear Station are:
_l ) To document any long-term trends in the temporal variability of Lake Wylie l
water quality and;
- 2) To compare long-term trends in the water quality data immediately above and below the CNS site.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Field sampling and laboratory analyses for the 1979-1980 period were the
, same as.for the 1978-1979 period. Sample locations are shown in Figure 1.
Profile data (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and specific conductance) were l collected monthly at all locations. Eight locations (underlined) were sampled quarterly for additional parameters. Analytical methods are listed in Table 1.
l Due to equipment malfunction, analyses of nitrate + nitrite nitrogen for April i 1980 were not performed. Also, concentrations of nitrate + nitrite nitrogen l
l during August 1979, and phosphorus during November 1979 were not determined for Location 249.0. Any discussions concerning these parameters in the South Fork region for the dates identified above are based totally on data obtained from l Location 240.0.
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SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS
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Profile data were collected by Duke Power Company monthly on Lake Wylie from July 1979 through June 1980. Water samples for laboratory analyses were collected quarterly during the same period. As noted in previous' reports, local hydrology and meteorology' exerted the primary influence upon the variations of- physical- and chemical parameters. . Generally, physical and
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chemical constituents continued to display levels reported prior to and following the 1977-1978 study, a period accentuated by frequent heavy precipitation and runoff (Duke Power Company 1978).
Maximum water temperatures occurred.in August and minimum temperatures occurred in February. The thermal regimes of the CNS intake and discharge area were similar. The stratified period for 1979 extended from April through October.
Water. temperatures in the vicinity of CNS remained below the 32 C North Carolina, and 32.2 C South Carolina standards (NCDNR & CD 1979, SCDHEC 1977). During the latter part of the stratified period bottom waters approached anoxic conditions.
Surface dissolved oxygen levels remained above the North and South Carolina standards of 5.0 mg/l (NCDNR & CD 1979 SCDHEC 1977).
Turbidity measurements indicated levels were similar to those observed prior to and following 1977-1978. In addition, nutrient and mineral concentrations in
! l.ake Wylie continued to display levels similar to those observed before and after the 1977-1978 study. Ammonia concentrations were overall the lowest I reported since the spring of 1975, although this was not reflected by a comparable decrease in total inorganic nitrogen concentrations. Temporal variations of amonia concentrations in the lower lake areas were less pronounced than in previous years, while concentrations of nitrate + nitrite nitrogen continued to display considerable seasonal variance.
Analyses of cadmium, copper and . lead revealed concentrations and spatial variability similar.to previous' years (Duke Power Company 1977,-1978). Heavy metal concentrations remained below numerically defined water quality standards of: North and South Carolina-(NCDNR & CD 1979, SCDHEC 1977) during the 1979-1980 study. period.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION HYDROLOGY Daily precipitation for the 1979-1980 study period is illustrated in Figure 2.
Precipitation for the year ending June 30,1980 was 11.3% above the historical yearly mean. (U. S. Dept. of Commerce 1979, 1980). In general, precipitation -
levels were below nonnal during summer and winter, and above nomal for the seasons of fall and spring.
The four quarterly sampling dates for aquatic nutrients, minerals and turbidity are indicated on Figure 2. Precipitation prior to the fall sampling was at a
- near-normal level . Periods preceding the August and April samplings were some-l what dryer than usual, while that preceding the January sampling was slightly wetter than normal (U.S. Dept. of Comerce 1979, 1980).
Daily lake surface elevation and mean daily discharge at Wylie Hydroelectric Station are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. Maximum surface elevation and discharge levels occurred generally during fall, mid-winter and spring. Minimum values for elevation and discharge occurred during both the latter summer and winter periods. Genera *1y, trends in surface elevation and discharge followed precipitation patterns (Figures 2, 3 and 4).
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS (TEMPERATURE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND TURBIDITY)
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Monthly variations in mean water temperature and mean dissolved oxygen (D0)
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concentration for each region of Lake Wylie are illustrated in Figures 5(a) -
I 5(d). Generally, the variations for each region during 1979-1980 were consistent with previous studies. Maximum mean water temperatures and minimum mean 00 I concentrations occurred during July or August in each of the four lake regions.
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- Minimum mean temperatures and maximum mean D0 concentrations were observed lake-
,- wide during February 1980. Generally, 1979-1980 extremes of mean temperatures and mean-00 concentrations for the four lake regions were not as great-as those occurring during the previous two years.
Seasonal variability of temperature and D0 during 1979-1980 for the lake regions immediately above and below CNS was similar to that measured in previous years (Figure 5(a) and 5(b)). Mean monthly temperatures and D0 concentrations in the 4
two regions were nearly identical.
Figures 5(c) and 5(d) show that mean D0 concentrations in the Catawba River and South Fork regions were consistently higher during the summer (except for August .
1979 in the South Fork) than in the downlake regions. This was due to the more extensive oxygen depletion of the deeper waters of the downlake regions during the stratified period. The highest mean monthly temperature (28.5 C) observed for Lake Wylie during the.1979-80 study occurred during August in the South Fork region.
The CNS intake and discharge (Locations 220.0 and 215.0, respectively) were isothermal from November through February (Figures 6 and 7). Thermal strat-ification was evident during the summer months in both areas. No appreciable change in the thermal stratification with respect to previous studies was ,
4 observed during the 1979-1980 study (Duke Power Company 1977, 1978, 1979).
Monthly depth profiles for the CNS intake and discharge (Figures 8 and 9, respectively) show a depletion of hypolimnetic oxygen occurring during the summer months,-as previously observed (Duke Power- Company 1977, 1978,.1979).
bkan turbidity levels for Lake Wylie are illustrated in Figure 10. The 1979-1980 study period revealed a continuance.of the' decrease in turbidity noted'
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during the previous study period. .The general-decline in turbidity since the extremely high levels of 1977-1978 was primarily due to the less frequent occurrences of heavy rainfall prior to sampling. Variations between different regions of Lake Wylie were much less evident than in previous years. The highest quarterly 1979-1980 turbidity values occurred during the winter sampling, which was preceded by a relatively wet period in mid-January'(Figures 2 and 10). The other quarterly sampling dates were preceded by periods of near-normal or below-normal precipitation.
MINERALS (SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, SODIUM, P0TASSIUM, IRON, BICARBONATE, CHLORIDE AND SILICA)
Mineral composition and concentrations in Lake Wylie during the 1979-1980 study period remained relatively stable except for iron, which varied largely as a function of turbidity levels, as noted in previous years. Specific conductance ranged between 30 and 198 umhos/cm, with maximum values attained during August in the South Fork region. As in past years, specific conductance was higher in the South Fork region than in either the Catawba River region or dawnlake areas of Lake Wylie for all 1979-1980 samplings.
As in previous studies, seven mineral cations and two anions were examined quarterly (Figure 11). Equivalence concentrations of cations varied from 0.70 meq/1 in summer to 0.88 meq/1 in winter. Anion concentrations ranged from 0.38 meq/1 in spring. to 0.45 meq/1 in fall . Cations exceeded anions by 0.26 meq/1 in summer, 0.37 meq/1 in fall and spring and 0.45 meq/1 in winter. As noted previously (Duke- Power Company 1978,1979), sulfate is most likely the primary source of this difference. Elevated levels of iron and aluminum occurring in winter due to increased precipitation and runoff prior to sampling also contributed to the apparent excess of cation equivalents.
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- ' Throughout the 1979-1980 study period sodium remained the major cation, accounting-for 21-27% of the mineral-ions. The major anion was bicarbonate, except for the sumer of _1979 when chloride was slightly more prevalent. Bicarbonate concentrations comprised from 18-20% of the mineral ion equivalents during 1979-1980.
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AQUATIC NUTRIENTS (NITROGEN AND PH0SPHORUS) l l Spatial and temporal variations in ammonia concentrations are presented in l
Figure 12. Through the end of 1979, a continued abatement of ammonia levels had taken place since the large nutrient inputs of 1977-1978, which were attributed to increased runcff (Duke Power Company 1978). No further decline was seen in ammonia concentrations during.the first half of 1980. Ammonia -
concentrations for the 1979-1980 period were generally lower than any encountered in Lake Wylie since the spring of 1975 (Duke Power Company i)77). Concentrations in the South Fork region were among the lowest observed since the 1973-1974 baseline study (Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories 1974). Temporal variations in concentrations, especially in the downlake areas, were less pronounced than in previous years. Depletion of dissolved oxygen exerted a major influence on ammonia concentrations (Duke Power Company 1978). Analysis of 1979-1980 data revealed that an inverse correlation (p<.05) between oxygen and amonia con-centrations held for the deeper downlake regions (r = -0.61 above CNS, r =
- -0.83 below CNS), but did not hold for the shallower uplake regions, where summer oxygen depletion is less extensive.
l Spatial and temporal variations -of nitrate levels in Lake Wylie are illustrated in Figure 13. _ Concentrations were similar.to those observed during the' previous study period. The South Fork region continued to exhibit higher concentrations overall. As in previous ~ years, maximum nitrate concentrations were noted during
winter and minim'um concentrations-during sumer; however, in August 1979 a sub-stantial increase ~ in nitrate (and total inorganic nitrogen) for the Catawba River
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region occurred relative to the downlake areas. The August nitrate /amonia ratio for the Catawba River s'ector was more than three times the ratio in the lower South Fork region and the main lake area below the junction of the two rivers.
This occurrence had not been observed previously. The higher levels were probably indicative of an upstream point source loading, since no appreciable precipitation had occurred for about one month prior to sampling. The lake regions immediately.
above and below CNS continued to display similar seasonal patterns. flitrate was the dominant form of nitrogen for all quarterly samplings.
Figure 14 illustrates temporal variations in total phosphorus concentrations for each of the' four regions examined. In the downlake regions, the 1979-1980 peak concentrations occurred during winter, as in previous yeart. Highest levels of total phosphorus were observed in the Soutn Fork region throughout the year with the greatest concentration measured during August. The increased August concentration in the South Fork was probably due to upstream discharges; elevated chloride concentrations and maximal specific conductance values were observed in ambient South Fork waters, and no significant rainfall had occurred for about one month prior to sampling.
HIAVY METALS (CADMI'JM, COPPER AND LEAD)
Analyses of cadmium, copper and-lead revealed concentrations and spatial variability similar to previous years (Duke Power Company 1977,1978). During the 1979-1980 study, cadmium levels ranged from <0.199/1 to 0.2pg/l with a-median concentration of <0. lug /1. flo distinctive variations, either spatial or temporal, were observed in cadmium concentrations. Copper concentrations
.during the study period ranged from <l.0ug/l to 60ug/1. The median concentration
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for. copper was 2.5pg/1. Highest levels generally occurred in the South Fork region, 'as. observed previously (Duke Power Company 1977). Lead concentrations
.s'howed little variability throughout 1979-1980. Concentrations ranged from
<l.0pg/l to' 3.6pg/1, with nearly all ' falling below the limit of detection (1.0pg/1).
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REFERENCES CITED American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Pollution Control Federation (WPCF). 1976. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 14th ed. Amer.
Public Health Assn. New York. 1193 pp.
Duke fower Company. 1977. Catawba Nuclear Station Interim Monitoring Study.
July 1974-June 1977. Duke Power Co. Charlotte, NC. np.
. 1978. Catawba Nuclear Station Interim Monitoring Study. July 1977-June 1978. Duke Power Co. Charlotte, NC. np.
. 1979. Catawba Nuclear Station Interim Monitoring Study. July 1978-June 1979. Duke Power Co. Charlotte, NC. np.
Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories. 1974. A Baseline / Predictive Environmental Investigation of Lake Wylie. September 1973-August 1974. Report to Duke Power Company. Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories. Northbrook, IL. 743 pp.
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (NCDNR .
&CD). 1979. Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the Surface Waters of North Carolina. Raleigh, N.C. 30 pp.
South Ca'rolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC). 1977.
Water Classification Standards System for the State of South Carolina.
Columbia,-S. C. 9 pp.
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1973. Final Environmental Statement Related to the Proposed Catawba Nuclear Station Units 1 and 2, Duke Power Company.
Docket Nos. 50-413 & 50-414. U. S. AEC. Washington, DC.
U. S. Department of Comerce. 1979. Meteorological Data for Charlotte, NC.
U. S. Dept. of Com. NOAA. Asheville, NC.
. 1980. Meteorological Data for Charlotte, NC. U. S. Dept. of Comm. NOAA. Asheville, NC. (Provisional Data).
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1979. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. Office of Technol. Transfer. Washington, DC.
Weiss, C. M., P. H. Campbell, T. P. Anderson, and S. L. Pfaunder. 1975. The Lower Catawba Lakes, Characterization of Phyto- and Zooplankton Communities and their Relationships to Environmental Factors. ESE Pub. No. 384.
- University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill, NC.
l
. Table'l . : Methods for analysis .of water chemistry variables during the 1979-1980 study period, .
(Hethod).
Method Description' Re ference, (Number) Preservation Detection _timit
. Parameter .
Alkalin'lty, total' 'Electrometric titration to pit 5.1 APHA et. al., 1976 (403)- 4 C 1 mq-CACO 3 1 Aluminun ' Atomic absorption-direct aspiration USEPA, 1979 (202.11 0.5% HNO 0.2 so I-I -
Automated phenate USEPA,1979 1350.11 4C,.fillration 0.006 ave's.1-I Ammonia Cadmium Atcmile absorption-graphite furnace USEPA, 1979 f213.2) 0.5% HH03 0.1 99 1-1 USEPA, 1979 f215.1) 0.5% HNO3 0.06 mg 1-1 Calcium Atomic absorption-direction aspiration 0.3 sq.1-1
-Automated ferricyanide' USEPA, 1979 L325.2i Hone Ehloride .
USEPA, 1979 fl20.1) In-situ nr 4 C I prdens e I Conductance, specific Tenperature coupensated nickel electrode 1.0 pg luI Atomic absorption-graphite furnace USEPA,1979(220.2) 0.~5Fifta03 Copper'.
Computation of calcium, magnesium concentrations APHA et. al., 1976 (309A) None 1 nn-CaC0 l'I*
liardnes s Iron . Atomic absorption-direct aspiration USEPA,1979(236.1) 0.5% HNO3 Atomic absorption-graphite furnace _ USEPA, 1979 L239.2 I 0.5% HNO3 0.1 m91-+ 1 1.0 99 tead USEPA, 1979 i 242.1) 1 Magnesium Atomic absorption-direct aspiration 0.51 IINO3 0.007 mg I-+I Atomic absorption-direct aspiration USEPA,1979 L243.Il 0.51 HNO3. 0.02 mg Manganese Nitrate + Nitrite Automated cadmium reduction USEPA, 1979 L353.2) 4 C flitration 0.005 an-N 1-1 Orthophosphate, soluble Automated ascorbic acid reduction USEPA, 1979 1 36 5 .1 ) 4 C, filtration 0.005 so-P.1-1 Temperature convensated polaragraphic cell USEPA,1979f360.1) in-situ- 0.1 mg I-I 0xygen, dissolved- USEPA,1979 (360.2)
Azide modified Winkler FTx od~ site 0.1 no 1-1 pil Temperature compensated glass electrode USEPA,1979 (150.l) In-situ or 4 C 0.1 pH unit
- 0.004 an-P 1 4 Phosphorus, total; Persulfate digestion followed by automated ascorbic acid reduction USEPA,1979 (365.4 ~ 4C Atomic absorption-direct aspiration USEPA,1979(258.1 0.5% Hroj 0.03 mg 1-1
- Potasslun . 4 C, filtration 0.2 no I-l Silica, soluble Holybdate digestion followed by automated ascorbic acid reduction USEPA, 1979 (370.1 0.03 mq + 1 Atomic absorption-direction aspiration USEP1,1979 (273.1) 0.5% H'103 Sod iir. D.I C * )
k..npera ture Thermistor or NBS traceable, mercury filled thermometer APHA et. al. 1976 (212) In-situ Turbidity' Nephelometric USEP1., 1979 (180.1) 4C 1 NIU
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July August September October Novendeer December January February March April May June Month Figure 9. Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) isopleths at the CNS discharge (Location 215.0), July 1979-June 1980.
L
1
, 4 4
A w/
4
(
S ci
( e m
i
/ 7 s
~ m g o -
/ 2 x
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us Ps A e
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+
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v v v v v v o
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8 o .
( ALN) AllPlqani
(
W e
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~
0.30 -
0.30 -
C q ~
er .
I 0.20 -
7' A O.?O - . .
0.10 - -
0.10 -
0.00 0.00 Na Ca Mg Fe Al K Mn HCO3 Cl Na C4 Mg Fe Al K Mn HCO3 C1 Summer Fall 0.40 -
0.30 -
0.30 -
i s -
s I 0.20 - -- I 0.20 -
~
0.10 -
. 0.10 -
~
0.00 - - - - - -
0.00 -
N4 Ca Hg Fe Al K Mn HCO3 Cl Na Ca Mg Fe Al K Mn HCO3 C1 Winter Spring r
Figure 11. Seasonal variatians in mineral compositions for Lake Wylie, 1979-1980.
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= .
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e g
seM eMUJu L I
e 4!
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e e
4
. .I t.s . t.se
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iil I li .I illn,oI,iliil
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- i. .
n i;il . . i ll a .li.a Lanns..i.a..a...a.h nns...
n
.n as tu.
anns. nan naso..a.
n ...nas...a ...uas .. n...,us ..n. .u as ..,,...nas ..
Q g
e E!@
Figure 13. Variations of nitrate concentrations for Lake Wylie, 1976-1980. W c==:2 o
3E5 W
L
( -
wt. e . . .. l0.36 ' t.) lume
- ..., ; ..is .
i E i ll ll :::lial ll .!
lilli nll. @
C.5 D,uher e latessa steer
..n . , . (s55D
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nasa.eu.a EIE a nnase au.E u n s..o u .a.n
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?i g
- ='
e=
Figure 14. Variations of total phosphorus concentrations for Lake Wylie, 1976-1980.
t