ML19276H668

Mussel Survey of Thief Slough at Mile 678 on Ms River Near Genoa,WI,780921-22

ML19276H668
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Site:	La Crosse File:Dairyland Power Cooperative icon.png
Issue date:	09/22/1978
From:	Johnston G DAIRYLAND POWER COOPERATIVE
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ML19276H667	List: ML19276H666 ML19276H668
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,.

• s MUSSEL SURVEY OF THIEF SLOUGH AT MILE 678 ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER NEAR GENOA, WISCONSIN September 21 & 22, 1978 George L. Johnston Dairyland Power Cooperative 791218 0 FFo.

Acknowledgments The mussels were collected by Don Lessard and his excellent crew.

Ms. Pamella A. Thi'nl assisted in the field work and identified the mussels.

Lt. Samuel L. H. Fuller should receive a special acknowledgment for making a special trip to Genoa to verify the identification of specimens and observe the field collecting methods.

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INTRODUCTION i

The La Crosse Boiling Water Reactor (LACBWR) is a 50 megawatt l

unit located on the Mississippi River just south of Genoa, Wis-consin, and uses the river water for once-through cooling of i

i the condensors.

The water is discharged back into the river along with the discharge from the coal-fired 350 megawatt Genoa #3 unit with an associated' heat rise of up to 20'C.

The heated water from the discharge enters the river at the upper end of Thief Slough and heats the entire slough over l'C.

The LACBWR station began operation in 1967, and the Genoa #3 station began operation in 1968.

Thief Slough underwent extensive modi-fications in 1967 to allow for the barge transportation of coal to the fossil-fuel station.

Various surveys have been conducted to determine the effect of the heated effluent on the aquatic co== unity of the downstream However, the following survey is the only mussel survey area.

conducted in this area.

This survey was conducted because of the concern for the Higgin's pearly eye mussel (Lampsilis hig-ginsi), a federally endangered species with a known distribution in this part of the Mississippi River.

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METHODS A commercial clammer used two techniques, brailing and diving, to thoroughly search the area.

The brailing was conducted from two specially constructed clamming boats and two clam brails drug end to end along the bottom.

Each brail was a 2"x4" pine board 16 feet long, equipped with about 2000 dovetail hooks (Figure 1).

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Twenty sampling areas were established in the slough for refer-ence (Figure 2).

The runs were made from the upstream end of the slough, area #1 on the west side and #11 on the east side; to the downstream end,' area #10 and #20.

In addition, three runs were made down the center of the slough.

A device called a " mule," which is a sheet of canvas, acts like an underwater sail and moves the boat and brail along with the current (Figure

3).

Divers hand-searched the near shore areas #5 to 10 and #16 -

20.

There was too much barge activity for divers to search the areas on the upstream end of the slough.

All mussels were immediately identified and returned, except for voucher specimens, and the location of capture recorded.,

RESULTS The species and numbers of mussels collected are shown in Table I.

The locations and numbers of mussels collected are shown in Table II.

A breakdown of the species collected for each area can be found in the appendix.

The mussels appeared to be widely scattered over the entire slough except for the northwest Part, areas #1 - 4.

It was noted during the survey that no large

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clams were found and all were judged to be from 1 to 10 years old.

The most abundant mussels were the Pimpleback, Threeridge, and Hickorynut.

No Higgin's eye were found.

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t Table I Mussels Collected From Thief Slough September 21-22, 1978 Scientific Name Common Name Dive Brail Total Quadrula quadrula Mapleleaf 3

3 Quadrula nodulata Wartyback 9

9 Quadrula pustulosa Pimpleback 7 Q 66 73 @

Fusconaia flava Pigtoe 6

12 18 Amblema plicata Threeridge 19 Q 35 54 Q Obliquaria reflexa Threehorn Warty Back 4 Q 12 16 CD Proptera alata Pink F4elsplitter 1

2 3

Proptern laevissima Pink Papershell 6 @

6 12 Q Leptodea fragilis Fragile Papershell 2

4 6

Truncilla truncata Deertoe 2

2 Truncilla donaciformis Fawnfoot 1

1 Obovaria olivaria Hickorynut 1 Q 30 31 Q Ligumia recta Black Sandshell 1

1 Lampsilis ovala ventricosa Pocketbook 2 Q 8

10 Q Arcidens confragosus Rock Pocketbook 1 Q l Q Anodonta imbecillus Paper Floater 1

1 Anodonta grandic Giant Floater 6 Q 8

14 Q Truncilla sp. juvenile 1

1 Corbicula fluminea Asiatic Clam Q

CD Total 58 @ 198 256 @

O denotes dead shell

Table II Location of Mussels Collected from Thief Slough Sepcember 21-22, 1978 Area West Middle East 1 + 11 f

2 + 12 4

20 3 + 13 y

4 + 14 2

3 5 + 15 (5) 2 29 f

6 + 16 (6) 9 1

1 7

4 (12) 7 + 17 (2) 5 34 (2) t 8 + 18 (2) 2 2

(3) 25 4

9 + 19 (1) 7 22 (7) 10 + 20 (4) v 4

10 v

v 3

3 (14)

Total (20) 34 10 23 29 34 16 54 (34)

( ) Collected by diver

DISCUSSION The removal of parts of the closing dams at the upstream end of the slough probably caused an increase in the velocity of the water moving through the slough (Figure 4).

This would be especially evident in the narrow upstream part of the slough.

This narrow upstream area would be scoured and the bottom sedi-ments moved downstream.

This condition would probably prevent mussels from being established in the upper portion of the slough.

The fact that no mussels were found along the northwest side of Thief Slough supports this premise.

The fact that the mussels found in Thief Slough were less than ten years old is explained by the dredging and filling.

Any. con-centration of mussels in Thief Slough would most likely have been eliminated from the dredge and fill areas in 1967 (Figure 5).

There is now a re-establishment of a mussel population underway in Thief Slough as indicated by the very young mussels found.

This re-establishment of the population would also indicate that the conditions are not adverse, but are favorable.

Very little is known about the environmental requirements of the Higgin's pearly eye mussel; however, one must assume that those require-ments are similar to the requirements of other mussels.

We, therefore, must assume that the conditions in Thief Slough are presently favorable to the establishment of a Higgin's pearly eye mussel population.

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LA CROSSE,..ISCGa,S N OE0 20,1940 tr-E F T iC5 Figure 5.,

Appendix Areas 5 - 7 Brail Threeridge 3

Pimpleback 3

Pigtoe 1

Giant Floater 1

Fragile Papershell 1

Areas 7 - 10 (shoreline)

Threeridge 9

Pigtoe 6

Threehorned Wartyback 2

Pimpleback 7

Hickorynut 1

Areas 11 - 20 (down center of slough)

Hickorynut 5

Pimpieback 12 Threchorned Wartyback 2

Mapleleaf 1

Deertoe 1

Wartyback 2

Threeridge 2

Giant Floater 2

Pink Papershell 2

Areaa 12 - 13 Threeridge 7

Pocketbook 2

Hickorynut 2

Black Sandshell 1

Threehorned Wartyback 1

Pimpleback 2

Giant Floater 1

Fragile Papashell 3

Mapleleaf 1

Areas 13 - 15 Pocketbook 1

Wartyback 1

Pimpleback 1

Areas 13 - 20 Threeridge 6

Threehorned Wartyback 4

Pimpleback 15 4

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Brail I

i Pigtoe 4

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Mapleleaf 1

Hickorynut 2

Pocketbook 1

Pink Heelsplitter 1

Areas 15 - 17 Threeridge 1

Pimpleback 2

Threehorned Wartyback 1

Areas 17 - 18 Pimpleback 1

Threehorned Wartyback 1

Areas 18 - 19 Giant Floater 1

Hickorynut 8

Pimpleback 7

Threehorned Wartyback 1

Pink Papershell 1

Pocketbook 1

Wartyback 2

Areas 19 - 20 Giant Floater 1

Threeridge 2

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Area 5 Dive Brail Threeridge 3

Giant Floater 1

Pink Papershell 1

1 Pimpleback 1

Hickorynut Area 6 Giant Floater 1

Pink Papershell 1

Threeridge 3

Rock Pocketbook 1

1 Pocketbook 1

Pimpleback Area 7 (brail from middle of slough)

Pink Papershell 1

1 Giant Floater 1

Pimpleback 2

Wartyback 2

Area 8 Threeridge 1

Giant Floater 1

Wartyback 1

Pimpleback 1

Area 9 (brail from middle of slough)

Pink Papershell 1

2 Hickorynut 1

Giant Floater 4

Pimpleback Area 10 Pigtoe 1

Pimpleback 1

3 Fragile Papershell 1

Paper Floater 1

Threeridge 2

Hickorynut 6

Pink Papershell 2

Wartyback 1

Area 12 Hickorynut 1

Pocketbook 1

Deertoe 1

Pink Heelsplitter 1

1

Area 14 (close to barges)

Dive Brail Threeridge 1

Pocketbook 1

Area 16 Pink Heelsplitter 1

Pimpleback 1

3 Pink Papershell 1

Threeridge 5

1 Pigtoe 1

Giant Floater 2

1 Three-horned Wartyback 1

Hickorynut 2

(Dead specimens)

Three-horned Wartyback i

Asiatic Clam 1

Area 17 Threeridge 1

Fragile Papershell 1

Area 18 Pimpleback i

Pigtoe i

Three-horned Wartyback i

Area 19 Pigtoe i

Threeridge 2

Three-horned Wartyback 2

Pimpleback i

Pink Papershell 1

(Dead Specimens) - near old spoil site Rock Pocketbook 1

Giant Floater 1

Three-horned Wartyback 2

Pimpleback 2

Pocketbook 1

Pink Papershell 2

Area 20 Threeridge 4

1 Pimpleback 3

1 Pocketbook 2

F

Area 20 (Continued)

Dive Brail Pigtoe 2

1 Hickorynut 1

Fawnfoot 1

Truncilla sp. juvenile 1

(Dead Specimens)

Threeridge 5

Hickorynut 1

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REFERENCES

Fuller, S.L.H., 1978.

Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia:

Unionidae) of the Upper Mississippi River: observations at selected sites within the 9-foot channel navigation project on behalf of the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-delphia Division of Limnology and Ecology, No. 78-33:

1-401.

Parmalee, P.W., 1967.

The Fresh-water Mussels of Illinois.

Illinois State Museum Popular Science Series, 8:1-108.

Scammon, R.E., 1906.

The Unionidae of Kansas, Part I.

Kansas University Science Bulletin, 3:279-373.

Starrett, W.C., 1971.

A survey of the mussels (Unionacea) of the Illinois River; a polluted stream, sulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 30:267-403.

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