Text

Part a - Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant, Units 1 & 2 - Annual Environmental Operating Report
	ML021420291
Person / Time
Site:	Cook
Issue date:	04/25/2002
From:	Greenlee S; Indiana Michigan Power Co
To:	; Document Control Desk, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
	-nr, AEP:NRC:2691-06
	Download: ML021420291 (136)
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Indiana Michigan Power Company 500 Circle Drive Buchanan, MI 49107 1395 INDIANA MICHIGAN POWER April 25, 2002 AEP:NRC:2691-06 Environmental Technical Specification 5.4.1 Docket Nos.: 50-315 50-316 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ATTN: Document Control Desk Mail Stop O-Pl-17 Washington, D.C. 20555-0001 Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Units 1 and 2 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT Enclosed is the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Annual Environmental Operating Report. This report covers the period from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2001, and was prepared in accordance with the requirements of Environmental Technical Specification 5.4.1. This annual report also includes special reports from 2000 that were not included in the 2000 Annual Environmental Operating Report.

There are no new commitments in this submittal. Should you have any questions, please contact Mr. Gordon P. Arent, Manager of Regulatory Affairs, at (616) 697-5553.

Sincerely, Scot A. Greenlee Director, Nuclear Technical Services

/jen Attachment

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission AEP:NRC:2691-06 Page 2 c: K. D. Curry, w/o attachment J. E. Dyer MDEQ - DW & RPD, w/o attachment NRC Resident Inspector R. Whale, w/o attachment

ATTACHMENT TO AEP:NRC:2691-06 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT

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,4-a Annual Environmental

,, Operating Report z January 1 through December 31, 2001 Indiana Michigan Power Company Z Bridgman, Michigan o Docket Nos. 50-315 & 50-316 o License Nos. DPR-58 & DPR-74 U

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 II. Changes to Environmental Technical Specifications 1 Ill. Non-Radiological Environmental Operating Report 1 A. Non-Routine Reports 1 B. Environmental Protection Plan 1 C. Plant Design and Operation 1 D. Environmental Monitoring - Herbicide Application 1 E. Mollusk Biofouling Monitoring Program 2 F. Special Reports 2

L, I II LIST OF APPENDICES I I

Appendix Title Non-Routine Reports - 2001 II. Herbicide Application Report - 2001 1 III. Mollusc Biofouling Monitoring Program Reports - 2000 & 2001 IV. Special Reports - 2000 1 I

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INTRODUCTION Technical Specifications Appendix B, Part 2, Section 5.4.1, requires that an Annual Environmental Operating Report be produced and include summaries and analyses of the results of the environmental protection activities required by Section 4.2 of the Environmental Protection Plan for the report period. The Annual Environmental Operating Report shall include a comparison with preoperational studies, operational controls (as appropriate), previous non-radiological environmental monitoring reports, and an assessment of the observed impacts of the plant operation on the environment.

This report serves to fulfill these requirements and represents the Annual Environmental Operating Report for Units 1 and 2 of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant for the operating period from January 1 through December 31, 2001.

The following table summarizes the pertinent data concerning the Plant's operation during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2001.

Parameter Unit 1 Unit 2 Gross Electrical Generation (MWH) 8,080,720 8,291,010 Unit Service Factor (%) 89.5 87.8 Unit Capacity Factor - MDC* Net (%) 89.1 86.3 I1. CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS There were no changes to Environmental Technical Specifications in 2001.

Ill. NON-RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT A. Non-Routine Reports A summary of the 2001 non-routine events is located in Appendix I of this Report. No long-term, adverse environmental effects were noted.

B. Environmental Protection Plan There were no instances of Environmental, Protection Plan noncompliance in 2001.

C. Plant Design and Operation During 2001, there were no changes in station design, operations, tests, or experiments that involved a potentially significant unreviewed environmental issue. There were no environmental evaluations performed during the reporting period.

D. Environmental Monitoring - Herbicide Application Herbicide applications are the activities monitored in accordance with Technical Specification Appendix B Section 4.2. There were no preoperational herbicide studies to which comparisons could be made. Herbicide applications are managed by plant procedure PMP-2160-HER-001.

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I A summary of the 2001 herbicide applications is contained in Appendix II of this report. Based on observations, there were no negative impacts or evidence of trends toward irreversible change to the environment as a result of the herbicide applications. Based on our review of application records and field I observations, the applications the approved use of herbicide. conformed to EPA and State requirements for I E. Mollusc Biofouling Monitoring Program Macrofouling monitoring and control activities during 2000 and 2001 are discussed in Appendix IlI of this report.

F. Special Reports I This year, Cook Nuclear Plant contracted with Limno-Tech, Inc. (LTI) to conduct a Phase I study of lake temperature and bathymetry data for possible re-citing of the plant's intake structures. The data indicate a well-developed /

thermocline for the summer and early fall months considered (June September), in 15-20 meters of depth at distance of 2,500-5,000 meters offshore.

In 2000, Cook Nuclear Plant also contracted with Limno-Tech, Inc. (LTI) to conduct a thermal plume study for outfalls 001 and 002 at current and uprated power levels. The results showed that there is not a significant difference between the plumes generated by the Cook Plant operating at the current level and the plumes generated by operating at the uprated levels. Both reports are included in Appendix IV of this report.

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APPENDIX I NON-ROUTINE REPORTS 2001

I 2001 Non-Routine Events I January 24, 2001 - Unusual plant conditions caused a large amount of water to flow into the turbine room sump during a resin bed regeneration. Approximately 24,000 gallons of wastewater of pH 2.4 (5.5 min.-9.0 max.) was pumped out to the absorption pond to avoid being overflowed[

to the lake. Normally, the resin bed regenerates are collected in the Make-up Plant Neutralization Tank to be neutralized prior to being discharged to the turbine room sump. However, during the time of regeneration, the Make-up Plant Neutralization Tank was out of service due to tank[

damage. The Make-up Plant Neutralization Tank was visually inspected following the event and re-certified for use.

February 14, 2001 - Groundwater monitoring wells 12, 13, and 19 exceeded the permit limits for /

dissolved iron. The reason for this exceedence is believed to be due to naturally occurring iron deposits that are not created or effected by the site groundwater discharge. 4 April 18-25, 2001 - A malfunctioning electrode on a continuous pH monitor caused an estimated 414,990 gallons of turbine room sump wastewater of pH 9.08 (9.0 max.) to be pumped to the absorption pond. Further investigation revealed that the electrode was covered with a material that made it unresponsive to pH changes in the monitoring stream. The material was determined[

to be a floor cleaner. The frequency of pH monitor calibration checks was increased from once per week to twice per week during floor cleaning. Also, floor cleaning waste discharge to the turbine room floor drains was reduced to prevent recurrence.

May 16, 2001 - At 0900 hours0.0104 days 0.25 hours 0.00149 weeks 3.4245e-4 months , a hydraulic line failed on a SkyTrak Telescoping Boom Lift.

Approximately 12 gallons of hydraulic oil leaked onto a gravel roadway approximately 300 yards long. The spill occurred while it was raining, which caused the oil to collect in puddles along the[

roadway. The spilled oil was cleaned up using oil pads and spill booms. No oil was discharged to the groundwater or surface water. I May 31, 2001 - Divers discovered a large hole (approximately 24' x 20') in the velocity cap on the center intake structure. The damage was believed to occur over the previous winter. Repairs to the velocity cap on the center intake structure were completed in the fall of 2001. The damage did not affect the Plant's ability to control treatment systems or its ability to comply with effluent[

limits specified in its NPDES Permit.

July 2, 2001 - Verbal notification was made to the MDEQ that turbidity was observed at the Plant's discharge during a zebra mussel treatment. The turbidity was caused by the addition of 4

bentonite clay used as a biocide detoxicant in Outfalls 001 and 002 prior to being discharged to the lake. The discharge is permitted by the MDEQ. 4 August 29, 2001 - At 1950 hours0.0226 days 0.542 hours 0.00322 weeks 7.41975e-4 months during chlorination of the service water systems, the total residual chlorine (TRC) at Outfall 001 was measured at 160 ug/h. This exceeded the continuous chlorination limit of 38 ug/l Part I.A.1. All chlorination of the service water systems was terminated. The exceedence was caused by the removal of the Unit I circulating water pumps, I

which provide the dilution flow necessary to achieve discharge permit compliance during the continuous chlorination of the service water systems. The plant was in the process of a planned shutdown to repair a circulating water valve.

October 17, 2001 - At 0836 hours0.00968 days 0.232 hours 0.00138 weeks 3.18098e-4 months , approximately 650 gallons of a mixture of stormwater and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) leaked to the ground from a secondary containment. The leak was caused when a worker walking in the area broke off a PVC drain valve. A sample of the contents of the secondary containment indicated the concentration to be approximately 320 mg/I as total residual chlorine as analyzed by USEPA method 330.5. Calculations indicated approximately 3.6 lbs. of NaOCI was leaked to the ground. This is below the CERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ) of 100 lbs. sodium hypochlorite and the State Part 5 "Spillage of Oil and Polluting Materials" (10 lbs.) The broken pipe was plugged and the remaining contents were pumped into the main

NaOCI Tank. The NaOCI leaked into a sandy area where recovery was not possible. No free product leaked to the surface water or stormwater. The spill had minimal impact on the surrounding environment.

October 24, 2001 - During a sewer line cleanout, a 1,000 gallon drywell was discovered at a service building. The building has been in use since the construction time period in the 1970's.

The well was uncovered and pumped out by our licensed waste hauler. The drywell was abandoned and filled, and sewage and drain lines from the building were tied into the sewage plant.

October 28, 2001 - One of the circulating water pumps on Unit 1 was temporarily removed from service for repairs. There was extensive damage to the pump and pump bay where the pump shaft sits. Repairs will be made during the Unit 1 Refueling Outage in 2002. This temporary change in facility operation will result in a slightly higher discharge temperature due to the reduced flow, however, the amount of heat discharged will not change. Therefore, this temporary change in operation will not affect the lake temperature outside of the mixing zone.

November 21, 2001 - At 0910 hours0.0105 days 0.253 hours 0.0015 weeks 3.46255e-4 months , a hydraulic hose failed on a loader. Approximately 12 gallons of hydraulic oil leaked onto a roadway approximately 1800 yards long. Spill pads and oil dry were used to collect the spilled oil. This spill did not pose a threat to the environment.

APPENDIX II HERBICIDE APPLICATION REPORT 2001

L AMERICAN I

ELECTRIC Date January 25, 2002 POWER Subject 2001 Herbicide Application Report - Cook Nuclear Plant From Jon H. Hamer To J. H. Long%

The following erbicides were applied on Cook Nuclear Plant property during 2001:

Karmex (Diuron) Round-Up Pro Solution -Water Soluble IVM Trimec 992 Oust Scotts Crabgrass with Halts Hi-light Indicator Drive 75 DF DeAngelo Brothers On the dates of May 14, 16, 18, 30, and 31 of 2001, a mixture of Karmex with Hi-Light indicator, Oust, and Solution was used for total plant control inthe 69KV, 345KV and 765 kV switch yards, railroad right-of-ways, around buildings (Training Center, RMB, TSOC, SES, Fab Shop, Paint Storage building, Oil Storage J

building, Environmental Waste building, Mausoleum, CESA Yard, Mechanics Garage, Sewage Plant, Warehouses 4, 5, and 6), parking lots, sidewalk edges, Fire Protection tanks, Steel Yard, W-Yard, and within the plant's protected area. DeAngelo Brothers; a Michigan licensed herbicide applicator (Henry Walton) on contract to the AEP Western Division performed the application. A total of 440 pounds of Karmex DF, 110 oz. of Oust, and 990 oz. (30.9 qts) of Solution were used for the application and spread over 56 acres. Hi Light Indicator, a marker dye, was used at a rate of 0.5 oz. per 80-gallon mix or less. The following table details the application rates used compared to the allowable application rates. The herbicides were applied according to the manufacturer's labeled instructions and according to Federal and State requirements.

Product Name Quantity Used Quantity Used/Acre Quantity AllowedlAcre Karmex (Diuron) 440 lb. 8 lb. 15 lb.

Oust 110 oz. 2 oz. 8 oz.

Solution 9900z. 18 oz. 45oz.

Hi-Light Indicator 27.75 oz. 0.5oz./80 gal. mix 9.6 oz./80 gal. mix Plant Buildings and Grounds On the following dates, Round-Up Pro mixed with water in a backpack sprayer was used to spot spray weeds in the landscaped stone areas, June 26, July 10 and 19, August 13, and September 11 of 2001.

j The stone areas included, along the plant railroad tracks, the sewage ponds, and sidewalks. On July 10 and August 13, the asphalt parking areas and curbs were also treated with Round-up Pro. A total of 130 ounces of Round-Up Pro was used for spot spraying in 2001. On November 5, 2001, 1120 pounds of ProScape fertilizer was applied to 13.5 acres of lawn including areas in the protected area and in the owner controlled area.

The applications were performed by a licensed applicator, Rennard Williams, from the Maintenance Sunstates Facilities crew. The first applications were not broadcast. The weeds were individually spot sprayed, product usage rates per acre are not reported for these applications. The application of fertilizer was broadcast and the product usage rates per acre are reported below. The herbicides were applied according to manufacturer's labeled instructions, Federal, and State requirements.

Product Name Quantity Used Concentration Used Concentration Allowed ProScape 1120 pounds 83 Lbs.lAcre 156.8 Ibs.Acre Round-Up Pro 130 oz. Spot sprayed at 9.0 oz/gal 13.0 oz/gal for Spot spraying

Facility Contract for Plant Lawns Tiller Lawn Care was contracted by Maintenance Facilities to treat the plant lawns. On April 27, Jim Tiller applied 420 pounds of Scotts Crab Grass with Halts to 238,000 square feet of lawn. On May 8, Jim Tiller applied 5.25 gallons of Thmec 992 to approximately 13.5 acres of lawn. Then on August 6, Jim Tiller applied 64 oz of Trimec 992 to 29,000 square feet of lawn. Just prior to the Trimec application on August 6, Jim Tiller applied 16 oz of Drive 75 to the same area.

Product Name Quantity Used Quantity Used/Acre Quantity Allowed/Acre Scotts Crabgrass with Halts 420 lb. 76.9 lb. 87.6 lb.

Trimec 992 736 oz- 51.8 oz. 64 oz.

Drive 75 DF 16oz. 24.0 oz. 31.8 oz Mortality Inspection On September 18, 2001, the mortality of these herbicide applications was assessed as per PMP-2160-HER 001, Guidelines for the Application of Approved Herbicides, by environmental technician Mr. Dean Warlin.

The assessment indicated weed kills to be greater than 95% with a few specific exceptions. There was no evidence of over-spray or spillage inany of the application areas. Preparation and application descriptions were documented on PMP-2160.HER.001 Data Sheet 1 forms. No adverse environmental effects were noted during the inspection. The result exceptions of the inspection were as follows:

"* Vegetation was present in the center portion of the CESA Yard (approximately 50% kill).

"* Vegetation was present in southeast and northeast corners of the 345kV yard (approximately 50% kill).

"* The lawn areas treated by the Sunstates licensed applicator are much improved over last year with only scattered plantain and dandelions.

"* Areas untreated in 2001 and need treatment in 2002.

1. Behind the #4 Warehouse. Between the warehouse and the 765kV yard.

Summary Based upon our review of the application records, manufacturer specifications, material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and observations of the treated areas, the herbicides were applied according to the manufacturer's labeled instructions and according to Federal and State requirements. As required by the State of Michigan all personnel performing herbicide applications were licensed by the state. A map has been included with this report indicating areas of herbicide application. Detailed maps and application records are filed in PMP 2160-HER-001, Guidelines for the Application of Approved Herbicides. Slight over spray from the rock edging areas and along the railroad track into the lawn areas was observed within a month after the DeAngelo application. However, at the time of the mortality inspection, no signs of over spray or spillage were apparent. No adverse environmental effects were observed.

Jon H. Hamer- Environmental

Information mI FMP-2160.HER.oo1 P Rev. Oa Page 9 of 14 I

Guidelines for the Application of Approved Herbicides Map I Page:9 Figure 1 S',.21 0K,, Region

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APPENDIX III MOLLUSC BIOFOULING MONITORING PROGRAM REPORTS 2000 & 2001

Mollusc Biofouling Monitoring During 2000 Performed at Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Performed and Submitted by Grand Analysis

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I Prepared for: I American Electric Power Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant I One Cook Place Bridgman, Michigan I

MOLLUSC BIOFOULING MONITORING DURING 2000 I I

I January 2001 I

Grand Analysis 12684 Oak Park Sawyer, Michigan 49125 I

Table of Contents Page #

List of Tables and Figures 1 Executive Summary 2 Chapter I Introduction 5 1.1 History 5 1.2 Objectives 5 Chapter 2 Methods 7 2.1 Whole-Water Sampling 7 2.2 Artificial Substrates 9 2.2.1 Intake Forebay 9 2.2.2 Service Water Systems 10 2.2.3 Artificial Substrate Cumulative Sample Analysis 10 Chapter 3 Results and Discussion 12 3.1 Whole-Water Sampling 13 3.2 Artificial Substrate Sampling 14 3.2.1 Circulating Water System 14 3.2.2 Service Water Systems and 16 Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water System 3.2.3 Biocide Treatments 19 3.2.4 Quality Assurance/Quality 20 Control Samples Chapter 4 Summary and Recommendations 21 4.1 Summary 21 4.2 Recommendations 22 References 23

I List of Tables and Figures.

Table # Title Page #

2-1 Sampling Schedule for Zebra Mussel 8 Monitoring at the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant in 2000 4 3-1 Whole-Water Sampling Program Number 13-B of Zebra Mussel Veligers Per Cubic Meter, Veliger Size Range (um) and Mean Veliger

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Size (um) Collected in the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant Forebay in 2000 3-2 Density, Average Size, and Size Range of 14-B Settled Zebra Mussel Postveligers Collected On Cumulative Artificial Substrates Placed In the Forebay, In the Service Water Systems and the MSCW System in the D.C. Cook Plant in 2000 Figure #

3-1 2000 D.C. Cook Plant Whole Water Zebra 13-A Mussel Veliger Density and Water Column Temperature in Intake Forebay 3-2 2000 D.C. Cook Plant Number of Zebra 14-A Mussels settled on Cumulative Substrate Samplers in the Intake Forebay I

3-3 2000 D.C. Cook Plant Whole water Zebra 16-A Mussel Veliger Density and Zebra Mussel Postveliger Cumulative Settlement in the Service Water Systems

Executive Summary Biofouling Studies have been conducted at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant since 1983. In 1991, monitoring of zebra mussels in the circulating water, essential service water (ESW), and nonessential service water (NESW) systems was added to the program. The objectives of this monitoring are to detect the presence and density of zebra mussel veligers in the circulating water system and postveliger settlement and growth rate in the forebay and service water systems, and to determine the effectiveness of oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides in the plant systems by comparing densities and sizes of settled zebra mussels.

Veligers were present in the forebay from 27 April through 14 December 2000. Peak densities occurred on 17 August, 24 August, 31 August, and 21 September, with the major peak occurring on 3 August (305,000 veligers per cubic meter). This year's densities and peaks were higher than in 1998 and 1999. In 1998, and in 1999, the Plant did not generate any power, resulting in less water volume being used compared to 2000 when circulating water flow was increased to support unit operation. When the Plant is in full operation, up to seven circulating water pumps can be running. On June 25, 2000, Cook Nuclear Plant restarted Unit 2 and began to generate power for the first time since September 1997, therefore using 4 of the 7 circulating water pumps and increasing the amount of water entering the plant. It was determined from forebay sampling last year that the volume of water entering the plant was independent of the densities of the zebra mussels found in the whole water, as the concentration of veligers in the water remains the same regardless of the flow rate through the plant.

Cumulative settlement was monitored in the forebay using slides as artificial substrates. Analysis on the slides was done monthly to determine growth rates and cumulative settlement. Density and size data indicate that settlement started slowly in May and in June with translocators being 2

L predominant. July's data show the first settlement of new postveligers along with some translocators, although July's sizes indicate that most of the settlement was from translocaters. [

Beginning in August and continuing through December, the postveliger densities showed a I continuous increase with the exception of October. The results of the forebay's cumulative artificial substrate sampling also showed a continuous increase in average size of settled I postveligers with the exception of October. The lower October density and average size could possibly have been a result from the September EVAC pipeline treatments. The continuous growth and the continuous increase in density of settled postveligers along with the continuous presence of translocators, all indicate the need for continuous chlorination of the service water systems during the veliger spawning season which occurred from the end of April through mid November.

Cumulative settlement was also monitored in the forebay using two six-inch PVC pipes. These I were set on 27 April and retrieved on 14 December. One sampler was exposed to the two pipeline biocide treatments performed in June and September, and the other was placed in untreated water during these treatment periods. The objective was to compare post-treatment I settlement with that of the entire monitoring period. Analysis following retrieval in December showed the density on the treated sampler was approximately 62% of the density on the sampler I that was not exposed to the biocide treatments. Size ranges were similar on the two samplers, but the mean .sizes of the zebra mussels show that the treated samplers contained larger and more numerous translocators than the untreated sampler. These results must be used accordingly due to a 2-3 week period when the treated PVC sampler was found laying on the forebay floor. The rope that was suspending the sampler had become detached from its anchoring point. (CR 00270050) 3

Service Water Systems and Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water Cumulative settlement on the artificial substrates in the service water systems was low during the sampling season when the systems were being chlorinated. The highest density was found on 14 September in 1 ESW (3,893 individuals/m 2). This sampling date follows a period of nine days where the systems were not being chlorinated. On 12 October, the highest densities were observed in 2 ESW and MSCW (3,840 individuals/m 2 and 1,547 individuals/m 2 respectively). This sampling date follows a period of three days where the systems were not being chlorinated. These densities indicated a marked increase in the numbers of settled individuals when the systems were not being chlorinated.

Spectrus CT 1300 (formerly known as Betz Clam-trol CT-2) and Calgon EVAC biocide treatments were performed in late June and early September respectively. The June biocide treatments were 100% effective and the September treatments ranged from 84%-100% in effectiveness.

Note, with the Cook Nuclear Plant working to restart the generation of power to both Unit 1 and Unit 2, many repairs were being made throughout the plant. This caused a series of interruptions to the chlorination system, therefore more frequent settlement was observed in all of the water systems.

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Chapter I I Introduction 1.1 History [

American Electric Power Company (AEP) has been conducting zebra mussel monitoring studies J at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant since 1991. The purpose of these studies is to monitor the presence of zebra mussel veliger and postveliger settlement densities in the circulating water, essential service water (ESW), nonessential service water (NESW), and miscellaneous sealing and cooling water (MSCW) systems to help determine the effectiveness of the zebra mussel control program. I In 1999 and again in 2000, Grand Analysis conducted the monitoring program, designed to detect the timing of spawning and settling of zebra mussels at the Cook Nuclear Plant. The program also determines densities for: 1) whole water samples for planktonic veligers; and 2) artificial substrates set within the circulating water, ESW, NESW, and MSCW systems for cumulative postveliger settlement. The effects of periodic molluscide treatments on settled zebra mussels 4 were also determined using PVC piping as an artificial substrate.

1.1 Objectives Specific objectives for the 2000 Biofouling monitoring program were as follows:

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Conduct whole-water sampling of the circulating water system weekly (June-November),

bimonthly (May), and monthly (April and December) to determine the presence and density of larval zebra mussels.

Deploy artificial substrates in the intake forebay and service water systems to detect cumulative settlement of postveligers. Samples collected monthly from May through December.

Deploy PVC piping, also as an artificial substrate, in the intake forebay to determine the effects of biocide treatments on the densities and sizes of settled zebra mussels.

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I Chapter22 Methods 2.1 Whole water Sampling Whole water sampling of the circulating water system was conducted from 27 April to 14 _

December 2000 (Table 2-1). Samples were collected from mid-depth in the intake forebay by pumping lake water through an in-line flowmeter into a plankton net. The sampling location was consistent with that of previous studies. Two replicates (2,000 liters each) were collected during 4 each sampling date.

A Myers Model 2JF-51-8 pump was connected to an in-line flowmeter assembly (Signet Model 1

P58640) and pumped wvater into a plankton net for approximately one hour. To minimize organism abrasion, measured flow was directed into a No. 20 plankton net that was suspended in (

a partially filled 55-gallon plastic barrel.

I Samples were gently washed into the cod-end bucket of the plankton net using filtered circulating I water system water and then transferred to a one-liter plastic container. Filtered water was added to the container to ensure that a full liter was analyzed. The two samples were analyzed I immediately in an on-site laboratory.

Samples were initially mixed thoroughly for three minutes using a magnetic stir plate. Then, using a calibrated Pasteur pipette, a 1-milliter aliquot of mixed sample was placed into a Sedgewick-Rafter cell for counting. An Olympus SZ- 1145 binocular microscope (18-11 Ox) equipped with cross-polarizing filters was used. Ten aliquots were counted and the average was 7

TABLE 2-1 SAMPLING SCHEDULE FOR ZEBRA MUSSEL MONITORING AT THE D.C. COOK NUCLEAR PLANT IN 2000 Date Whole Water Artificiai Substrates April 27 X May 11 X x 25 X June 1 X 8 X 15 X x 22 X 29 X July 6 X 13 X x 20 X 27 X August 3 X 10 X x 17 X 24 X 31 X Sept. 7 X 14 X x 21 X 28 X Oct. 5 X 12 X x 19 X 26 X Nov. 2 X 9 X x 16 X 30 X Dec. 14 X X(*)

X(*) Remove and analyze PVC 8

L extrapolated to determine the number of individuals per cubic meter. This process was repeated

[

for the second replicate and the mean of the two values was calculated to yield a final density value. The density was calculated as follows:

4 Density (#/m3)=(average #*DF)/0.001L* LL/2000L* 1000L/m3 DF- Dilution Factor Size measurements were recorded for up to 50 organisms from each sample. Veliger size was measured using an ocular micrometer that was calibrated to a stage micrometer._[

2.2 Artificial Substrates To determine zebra mussel settlement in the circulating water, artificial substrates were placed in the intake forebay, upstream of the trash racks. Sidestream samplers were installed on the return side of both service water systems and on the miscellaneous sealing and cooling water system to determine settlement in these systems. Samplers were equipped with modified test-tube racks designed to hold microscope slides for cumulative sampling.

2.2.1 Intake Forebay On 27 April, substrate monitors, consisting of 80 microscope slides in test tube racks secured inside protective wire cages attached to a rope weighted by a concrete block, were suspended at mid-depth near the center of the intake forebay. Monthly, 10 slides were removed and analyzed for density and shell size accordingly to the sampling schedule.

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Also on 27 April, two PVC pipe sections measuring 6 inches long and having an inside diameter of 3.5 inches were cut in half lengthwise. They were rejoined using hose clamps and attached to a rope weighted by a concrete block and suspended at mid-depth in the intake forebay. One PVC sampler was exposed to Spectrus CT 1300 treatments on 26, 28, 30 June and EVAC treatments on 6, 8, 12 September while the other sampler was not exposed. On 14 December, both of the PVC samplers were analyzed for densities and sizes of shells by scraping two different square inch sections of each of the PVC samplers. Cumulative monitoring was designed to provide information on accumulated infestation throughout the growing season.

2.2.2 Service Water Systems Sidestream monitors were placed on the return side of the service water systems (1 ESW, 2 ESW, 2 NESW) and the miscellaneous sealing and cooling (MSCW) water system. Each monitor contained two modified test tube racks containing 80 microscope slides. The racks held the slides above the monitor base that allowed silt and sediment to fall out before they could affect the slide settlement. The monitors were covered with a plant-approved fireproof fabric to limit light exposure. Plant personnel checked the monitors periodically to ensure that adequate flow was available, and flow was adjusted as necessary. Monthly, on each sampling date, ten slides from each location were retrieved and immediately analyzed for densities and shell size.

2.2.3 Artificial Substrate Cumulative Sample Analysis An Olympus SZ-1145 binocular microscope (18-1 lOx) equipped with cross polarizing filters was used for analyzing samples. After one side of the slide was scraped clean, the slide was placed on the microscope stage so that the attached postveligers could be counted. When slides became heavily infested, a subsampling technique was followed:

In

I The slides were subsampled using a straight edge that permitted either half or a quarter of the [

slide to be counted. Counts were then proportionally extrapolated to one square meter.

I Settlement rates were computed by taking the average number of mussels from the ten slides and multiplying this value by 533.34 to obtain the density of zebra mussels per square meter. (One postveliger/microscope slide equals 533.34 veligers per square meter.) I Shell diameters were measured for up to 50 random individuals to obtain maximum, minimum I and mean sizes. Diameters were measured using an ocular micrometer calibrated to a stage micrometer.

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Chapter 3 Results and Discussion The zebra mussel monitoring system performed up to expectations in 2000. The whole water sampling for free-swimming veligers coupled with monitoring post-veliger settlement on artificial substrates provided sample results that could be compared with previous years' data.

This year, unlike 1998 and 1999 when the plant did not generate any power during the entire sampling periods, Unit 2 initiated the generation of power on June 25. This means that only one or two circulating water pumps were in operation in 1998 and in 1999, but when the plant is generating power, four to seven circulating water pumps may be in service. When the number of pumps that are in service increase, the intake flow increases. In 1999, after comparing the whole water densities of zebra mussels from the previous five years, it was determined that the volume of water pumped into the plant is independent of the density of zebra mussel veligers found in the whole water. This is understandable since the concentration of veligers in the water should remain the same regardless of the flow through the plant.

Appendix Table 1 shows the chlorination values obtained from the ESW and NESW systems.

A 0.3-0.6 ppm total residual chlorine (TRC) is the target range for the control of zebra mussel settlement.

NESW systems received chlorination when the ESW systems were being chlorinated. Daily NESW values were not available, although they were taken upon occasion. The chlorination procedure would not allow sampling of the NESW system at points other than the NESW returns. The MSCW system, which is cross-connected to the NESW system, was also chlorinated when the NESW systems were, but these values also were not obtainable due to procedural problems. (CR-00-1 1497).

Chlorination was stopped on 6-9 June due to plant breaker cleaning, and again, 23-30 June for the Spectrus CT 1300 targeted biocide treatments to the intake pipelines. On 5 September through 15 September, chlorination was shut down again for the second EVAC targeted biocide treatments to the intake pipelines and chlorination system piping replacement. It should be noted that the plant was working to restart Unit 1 during most of the sampling season, causing frequent interruptions in the chlorination system, due to valves and other various components needing to be repaired and cleaned for the restart. Appendix Table 1 shows when the interruptions occurred.

3.1 Whole Water Sampling Sampling of planktonic veligers in the circulating water system was initiated 27 April and was completed on 14 December. Results are presented in Figure 3-1 and Table 3-1. Veligers first appeared on 27 April and were present in all subsequent samples through 14 December. The major peak density occurred on 3 August (305,000 ind./m 3). On 17 August (102,250 ind./m 3),

24 August (170,375 ind./m 3), 31 August (231,100 ind./m 3 ), and 21 September (116,000 ind./m 3),

secondary peaks occurred. The whole water densities show that there are substantial numbers of veligers in the forebay, indicating the need for effective chlorination in the service water systems, which is critical to the safety and operation of the plant due to the threat of small valves and piping becoming clogged with zebra mussels.

Heaviest spawning activity occurred during mid June through the end of September. This activity started earlier this year than in previous years. Year 2000 mean veliger densities were slightly higher than the 1999 densities. Year 1999 mean veliger densities were almost three times higher than in 1998. In 1997, mean densities were twice as high as in 1999. The mean densities in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 were all lower than in 1999. In 1993, 1995 and 1996, peak densities were recorded during mid-September to the end of October. In June of 1994, due to unusually hot weather, an early peak occurred. Similar to 1997's, 1998's, and 1999's peak periods of

Veliger Density/cubic meter (xl000)

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7/6/00 7/13/00 DO 7/20/00

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- N) w) C, 0(M --4 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Intake Forebay Temp (F)

Table 3-1 Whole-Water Sampling Program Number of Zebra Mussel Veligers Per Cubic Meter, Veliger Size Range, and Mean Veliger Size (um) Collected in The D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant Forebay in 2000 Date Density (No.m 3 ) Size Range (um) Mean Size (urm) 4/27/2000 .200 80-130 110 5/11/2000 3375 90-160 104 5/2512000 1,175 90-130 107 6/1/2000 300 100-160 125 6/8/2000 275 100-160 140 6/15/2000 52,725 90-160 109 6/22/2000 54,100 90-160 111 6/29/2000 63,750 90-200 118" 7/6/2000 22,350 90-200 129 7/13/2000 27,150 90-230 137 7/20/2000 28,275 90-230 126 7/27/2000 69,250 90-200 118 8/3/2000 305,000 90-160 109 8/10/2000 30,400 90-230 144 8/17/2000 102,250 90-260 162 8/24/2000 170,375 100-260 172 8/31/2000 231,100 90-230 181 9/7/2000 11,600 100-300 187 9/14/2000 25,150 90-260 141 9/21/2000 116,000 90-260 143 9/28/2000 95,025 90-300 143 10/5/2000 17,675 90-300 144 10/12/2000 19,400 100-300 191 10/19/2000 14,225 90-260 154 10/26/2000 11,700 100-300 163 11/2/2000 13,983 100-300 177 11/9/2000 5,425 100-330 165 11/16/2000 6,975 100-300 165 11/30/2000 250 160-230 183 12/14/2000 50 200-330 265 13-B

abundance, 2000's peaks occurred six to eight weeks earlier than the typical mid-September period for this region. According to the past four year's data, we can conclude that an earlier trend in peak periods of abundance for this region has occurred. Due to the extended shut down of the plant, data comparisons with previous years should be kept in consideration.

Whole water densities recorded during 1993 through 1995 for the November and December sampling periods were less than 1,000/m 3 for sampling conducted after 3 November. In 1999, whole water densities recorded in November were similar to those of 1996, 1997 and 1998 and about five times greater that those of the 1993 through 1995 period, showing that spawning occurred into the late fall. In 2000, similar to the past four consecutive years, densities show late fall spawning due to warm fall weather. This is a definite change in the Dreissana spawning populations. Because of the late fall spawning, there is a need for chlorination into the late fall months to prevent zebra mussel settlement and growth in plant systems.

In summary, zebra mussel veligers were present in the water column on all sampling dates from 27 April through 14 December. Spawning commenced late April and continued through mid November. Peak veliger densities occurred during a 16-week period from the middle of June, extending to the end of September. This is the earliest beginning peak period, due to warm lake temperatures observed at the Cook Plant since 1993.

3.2 Artificial Substrate Sampling 3.2.1 Circulating Water System Cumulative artificial substrate monitoring was conducted at the center forebay location (protected by a deflector wall) from 11 May to 14 December. Cumulative settlement densities for the forebay are shown in Figure 3-2. Table 3-2 provides density and size information for the settled

U)

LL Cý N E

0 U)

E0 0

00 o o (00ov0 Co14-A Wi-z 0

Table 3-2 2

Density (No./m ), Average Size (um), and Size Range (um), of Settled Zebra Mussel Postveligers Collected On Cumulative Artificial Substrates Placed in the Forebay, in the Service Water Systems and Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water System in the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant in 2000.

Cumulative Samples Forebay NESW MS&CW I ESW 2 ESW Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.

Density Size Range Density Size Range Density Size Range Density Size Range Density Size Range 2 2 2 2 Date (no/rnm) (u M) (u m) (no/m ) (u M) (u m) (no/m ) (u m) (u m) (no/m ) (u m) (u m) (no/m ) (U m) (u m) 5111/2000 373 757 530-1290 320 2102 1520-3400 0 0 0 107 1635 1520-1750 0 0 0 6115/2000 1.387 878 260-1850 0 0 0 0 0 0 266 1008 700-1820 213 755 660-830 7/13/2000 5,547 1711 230-3990 53 160 160 107 230 230 747 709 160-2640 0 0 0 8/10/2000 26,827 617 200-3700 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 2340 2340 0 0 0 9/14/2000 1.089,600 1205 230-6666 800 459 200-2540 693 237 200-400 3,893 299 200-600 1,547 265 160-400 10/12/2000 758,400 894 260-8580 11,573 350 200-830 1,547 285 160-430 2,240 347 200-760 3,840 312 230-460 11/16/2000 1.173,867 1915 300-14000 28,853 423 230-1000 480 346 230-600 960 549 230-1450 1,173 380 230-660 12/14/2000 1,420,267 2060 430-18000 1,547 558 300-1160 320 408 300-560 293 862 360-1800 1920 701 260-1400

I postveligers. Settlement in May, June and July showed a gradual increase in density with much I of the settlement being translocators. These findings are similar to previous years' studies.

The density continues to increase throughout the sampling season except for October. Overall, V

forebay settlement densities were higher in 2000 compared to previous years.

This would be expected since the wholewater densities in 2000 were higher.

The mean sizes increase monthly from 10 August through 14.December, with the exception of October. Figure 3-2 and Table 3-2 show that the sizes and densities continued to both increase during the sampling season, indicating new postveligers continue to settle on the forebay slides

{

throughout the season, along with new translocators, which is expected because of the whole water activity that is seen into December. Once again, this indicates the need to chlorinate the service water systems through the end of November.

1 In past years, biocide treatments had been applied to the forebay, service water systems and the I MSCW system, as well as the intake tunnels, therefore showing decreases in settlement in these areas. In 2000, the application of the Spectrus CT 1300 and EVAC biocides targeted the intake pipelines individually. Therefore, the concentration of biocide was never high enough to impact I

populations of zebra mussels in the intake forebay or the service water systems downstream.

Therefore, there was a lesser effect of the treatments on the artificial substrates in 2000.

1 Cumulative settlement was also monitored in the forebay using two six-inch PVC pipes with a 3.5 inch inside diameter. These were set in the forebay on 27 April. One PVC pipe was pulled from the for~bay on 26 June and again on 5 September so that it would not receive the biocide treatments while the other piece of pipe remained in the forebay for the treatments- On 14 December, the end of the sampling period, both PVC pipes were retrieved and analyzed.

15

Information from previous years suggests that a substantial portion of the annual settlement occurs within a short time following the biocide treatments.

Density on the treated substrate was 376,650 ind./m 2". Individuals ranged from 2 6 0 u-27,390u and the mean size of fifty randomly selected individuals was 2,388u. Zebra mussel data collected from the pipe that was not exposed to the biocide treatment was 607,601 ind./m 2. The size range was 200u-16,500u and the average size was 1,472u. The higher average size of the treated PVC was due to more visible and larger translocators. These densities are greater than found in 1999.

This is a reasonable finding since the whole water densities were slightly greater in 2000 than in 1999. This also could be from the lesser effect of the biocide treatments in the forebay. Note with this data, that over a two-week period in September, following the EVAC treatments, the treated PVC sat at the bottom of the forebay because of a broken rope. This could attribute to more translocators being attached to the treated PVC.

3.2.2 Service Water Systems and Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water System The return sides (after system use) of the ESW and NESW systems and the MSCW were monitored in the 2000 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Project. Chlorine is injected beneath each ESW pump. The ESW systems are cross-tied downstream of the chlorine injection point that serves both ESW systems. A separate chlorine injection point, which is in the suction header, serves the NESW system and subsequently the MSCW system. Cumulative testing was done on a monthly basis in 2000.

Artificial substrate slides were set on 27 April and ten slides per month were examined and not replaced. Results are shown in Figure 3-3 and in Table 3-2. Early settlement observed in May and in June showed that most of the settlers were translocators, which compares to previous years' reports.

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In previous years' studies, data indicated that the chlorination system was effective in preventing growth and prolonged settlement of postveligers in the service water systems. In 2000, the data indicates that settlement occurs when the systems are not being chlorinated continuously, as well as indicating that the chlorination system prevents growth and prolonged settlement when running. Referring to Table 3-2, an increase in monthly mean sizes of settled postveligers, from September through December, in the service water systems and the MSCW system is observed, indicating that some settlement remained and grew throughout the sampling season. This data provides evidence that the chlorination system, when effectively running, prevents the growth and prolonged settlement of postveligers and warrants the need for the chlorination system to run continuously.

Chlorination was not being administered prior to September and October's sampling dates, when the whole water densities were at their peak. The 1 ESW (3,893 ind./ m 2), 2 ESW (3,840 ind./

inm), and MSCW (1,547 ind./ m 2), data for these two months indicate the highest settlement densities for the sampling season. The highest density observed in the NESW system (28,853 ind./ in 2) was in November. Chlorination had restarted one day prior to this sampling date, which followed fifteen days without it. This data demonstrates, (with the high densities observed in September, October and November) how interruptions in continuous chlorination causes settlement to increase in the plant water systems, which illustrates the importance of running chlorination continuously during the sampling season.

On 14 December, all of the water systems showed some settlement. This settlement could be expected with the whole water still containing veligers. This settlement could also be due to the decrease in effectiveness of the chlorine in cold-water temperatures. The average large sizes of the settled postveligers in December warrant the need for chlorination during the peak-settling 1 '7

season. Note again, with the plant preparing to restart, many components were being repaired and cleaned, causing frequent interruptions in running the chlorination system. Therefore, more L

settlement was observed in the water systems throughout the sampling season versus when L chlorination is continuously running.

I Comparison of daily water temperatures recorded on the DMR's for the months of October, November and the first half of December for 1993 through 2000 indicate that October's mean temperatures are all conducive to zebra mussel spawning. (See chart below) Mean intake water temperatures reflect lake conditions, which were less conducive to zebra mussel spawning in October of 1998, 1999 and 2000 than they were in the 1995 through 1997 period. However, the November of 1999 average temperature was warmer than all of the previous years, and more conducive to spawning. While some veligers were detected in December, temperatures were not conducive to spawning. December 2000 recorded it's lowest water temperatures since the study began.

I Mean Intake Water Temperatures ('F)

Year October November December (1-15) 1993 58.3 49.0 44.6 1994 56.2 48.1 43.4 1995 57.6 45.8 38.8 1996 61.6 48.9 42.2 1997 58.8 46.3 39.1 1998 57.0 49.0 47.9 1999 57.1 50.4 45.1 2000 56.9 47.6 37.7 18

In summary, density and size data collected in 2000 in the service water systems and in the miscellaneous sealing and cooling system sampling locations indicate the settlement was very low in May and June and that most of these individuals were translocators. These results are similar to past year's studies. Peak settlements were seen in the months of September, October and November. September and October's settlements coincide with secondary peak whole water densities, which also compare with past year's studies. November's peak settlement in the NESW system possibly stems from the frequent interruptions in the continuous chlorination system coupled with the lesser effect of the chlorine in November's cold-water temperatures.

3.2.3 Biocide Treatments Two chemical treatments, the first using Spectrus CT 1300 (formerly known as Clamtrol CT-2),

and the second using Calgon EVAC Were performed on 26, 28 and 30 June and 6, 8, and 12 September. The treatment's effectiveness was determined by mortality rates in bioboxes seeded with live mussels and diving inspections. Biobox mortality results were as follows:

June (Spectrus CT 1300) September (Calgon EVAC)

North Intake Tunnel 100% 100%

Center Intake Tunnel 100% 98%

South Intake Tunnel 100% 84%

Intake Forebay (Control) 2% 0%

The biocide treatments were targeted individually to the intake pipelines. As one pipeline was treated at a time, the concentration of the biocide was never high enough to impact the intake forebay and services downstream. The high settlement densities experienced in the forebay after the biocide treatments, indicate that the biocide was ineffective on forebay settlement. This was expected as the forebay was not targeted in 2000 for biocide applications, but was mechanically cleaned by divers.

19

H Ii 3.2.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples Ii The results of the samples, analyzed on September 14, 2000, by Grand Analysis, and on ii September 15, 2000, by an independent analyzer, Aquatic Hatcheries, are summarized as follows:

L Grand Analysis Aquatic Hatcheries Sample Onsite Density QA/QC Density % Agreement Wholewater 25,150 mid./m 3 23,000 ind./m 3 91.5 2 2 Forebay 601,600 ind./m 576,000 ind./m 95.7 2

1 ESW 4,800 ind./m 2 4,800 ind./M 100 2 ESW 2 2,667 ind./n 2,667 ind./m 2 100 2

2 NESW 533 ind./m 533 ind./m 2 100 MSCW 533 ind./m 2 533 ind./m 2 100 The difference in the forebay densities could be attributed to the shipment and the 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months between examinations. Possibly, a few of the individuals on the slide were not solidly attached and therefore fell from the slide during shipment. The wholewater density difference could be attributed to veligers that may have died during shipment and not resuspended when agitated by the QA/QC inspector.

Chapter 4 Summary and Recommendations 4.1 Summary The 2000 Zebra Mussel Program was initiated on 27 April and continued to 14 December. The major spawning peak occurred on 3 August. The heaviest spawning period ran from 3 August through 28 September. June 2000 recorded it's highest densities since the study began due to early warm water temperatures from a relatively mild winter.

Cumulative settlement in the forebay started slowly in May, June and July. Beginning in August, 2

following a peak in whole-water density, cumulative settlement increased from 26,827 ind./m in August to 1,089,600 ind./m 2 in September. Cumulative settlement continued to increase, with the exception of a minor dip in October into December. Mean sizes of settled postveligers increased from August through December again, with the exception of October.

Peak cumulative settlement densities occurred in October in the 2 ESW and MSCW systems, which followed three days where no chlorination was being administered to the systems. A peak density occurred in November for the NESW system. Chlorination had restarted one day prior to this sampling date, which followed fifteen days without it. Unit 1 ESW had a peak density in September following a week period without chlorination being administered to the systems. The peak settlements in the different water systems illustrate the importance of chlorination on settlement rates.

21

4.2 Recommendations I Based on observations made during the course of this program, Grand Analysis is making the following recommendations: 4

- Whole-Water sampling should continue to be initiated in April to determine the presence of veligers in the water column, as currently implemented. 4

- Studies of cumulative postveliger settlement should continue to be conducted from May through December, as currently implemented.

- Chlorination should begin and run continuously from the first part of May, based on 4 the settlement data from May and June, as currently implemented.

- Chlorination should run through November based on the settlement data from _

November and December, as currently implemented.

- Chlorination data from all water systems (ESW, NESW and MSCW) and I temperature data should continue to be made available to allow meaningful 4 interpretation of results.

22

References Lawler, Matusky, & Skelly Engineers LLP. 1999. Mollusc biofouling monitoring during 1998, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant: Final Report.

Lawler, Matusky, & Skelly Engineers LLP. 1995. Mollusc biofouling monitoring during 1994, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant: Final Report.

Lawler, Matusky,& Skelly Engineers LLP. 1997. Mollusc biofouling monitoring during 1996, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant: Final Report.

Great Lakes Enviromental Center. 1996. A zebra mussel (Dreissena) monitoring survey for the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant. Final Report.

Grand Analysis. 1999. Zebra Mussel Monitoring Project for 1999.

Performed at Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant. Final Report.

23

Appendix Table 1 Chlorination Values for 2000 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program I Date ESW1 pom ESW2 oom ESW2 pom NESW1 oom NESW1 nom NESW2 oom NESW2 DOM Cornmments Comments J1 19-Apr-00 0.3 0.15 nd nd 20-Apr-00 0.08 0.18 nd nd 21-Apr-00 0.21 0.21 nd nd 22-Apr-00 0.2 0.1 nd nd 23-Apr-00 0.11 0.09 nd nd 24-Apr-00 0.22 0.29 nd nd 25-Apr-00 0.36 0.36 nd nd 26-Apr-00 0.43 0.37 nd nd 27-Apr-00 0.48 0.48 nd nd 28-Apr-00 0.53 0.51 nd nd 29-Apr-00 0.48 0.42 nd nd 30-Apr-00 0.53 0.47 nd nd 1-May-00 0.13 0.1 nd nd 2-May-00 0.17 0.14 nd nd 3-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 4-May-00 0.17 0.12 nd nd 5-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 6-May-00 0.22 0.15 nd nd 7-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 8-May-00 0.09 0.08 nd nd 9-May-00 0.13 0.11 nd nd 10-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 11-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 12-May-00 0.11 <.08 nd nd 13-May-00 0.28 0.1 nd nd 14-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 15-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 16-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 17-May-00 18-May-00

<.08

<.08 nd nd nd nd I

19-May-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 20-May-00 0.09 0.11 nd nd 21-May-00 0.54 0.59 nd nd 22-May-00 0.66 0.67 nd nd 23-May-00 0.24 0.21 nd nd 24-May-00 0.2 0.22 nd nd 25-May-00 0.54 0.21 nd nd 26-May-00 0.74 0.01 nd nd 27-May-00 0.79 0.3 nd nd 28-May-00 0.33 0.18 nd nd 29-May-00 0.26 0.04 nd nd 30-May-00 <.08 0.09 nd nd 31-May-00 0.09 <.08 nd nd 1-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc Leak @1 ESW NaOCI pp.

2-Jun-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd Hot flush on U1 &U2 Circ.

3-Jun-00 0.15 0.2 nd nd Water C12 Sample lines 4-Jun-00 0.1 0.11 nd nd Comments: nd- no data nc- no NaOCI

Appendix Table 1 Chlorination Values for 2000 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program Date ESW1 ppm ESW2 ppm NESW1 ppm NESW2 ppm Comments 5-Jun-00 0.12 0.17 nd nd 6-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc Breaker Cleaning It 7-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc 8-Jun-00 nc no nc nc 9-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc 10-Jun-00 0.13 <.08 nd nd 11-Jun-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 12-Jun-00 <.08 0.11 nd nd 13-Jun-00 <.08 0.09 nd nd 14-Jun-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 15-Jun-00 <.08 0.12 nd nd 16-Jun-00 0.12 <.08 nd nd 17-Jun-00 0.09 0.1 nd nd 18-Jun-00 0.09 0.11 nd nd 19-Jun-00 0.1 0.13 nd nd 20-Jun-00 0.1 0.15 nd nd 21-Jun-00 0.11 0.16 nd nd 22-Jun-00 0.11 0.14 nd nd 23-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc Spectrus CT 1300 24-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc Treatments 25-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc to the intake 26-Jun-00 nc no nc nc pipelines 27-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc 28-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc 29-Jun-00 nc no no nc 30-Jun-00 nc nc nc nc 1-Jul-00 0.08 0.09 nd nd 2-Jul-00 0.12 0.11 nd nd 3-Jul-00 <.08 0.09 nd nd 4-Jul-00 0.14 0.1 nd nd 5-Jul-00 0.12 <.08 nd nd 6-Jul-00 <i08 0.45 nd 0.9 7-Jul-00 nc nc nc nc NaOCI leak on 8-Jul-00 nc nc nc nc 2 NESW feed line 1!

9-Jul-00 nc nc nc no 10-Jul-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 11-Jul-00 nc nc nc nc WMO-17 closed 12-Jul-00 no nc nc nc for maintenance 13-Jul-00 nc nc nc nc It 14-Jul-00 nc nc no nc 15-Jul-00 0.16 0.17 nd nd 16-Jul-00 0.19 0.09 nd nd 17-Jul-00 0.2 0.2 nd <.1 18-Jul-00 0.22 0.11 nd nd 19-Jul-00 nc nc nc nc 20-Jul-00 0.11 0.09 nd nd 21-Jul-00 0.11 <.08 nd nd 22-Jul-00 0.47 0.32 nd nd 23-Jul-00 0.19 0.17 nd nd Comments: nd- no data nc- no NaOCI

Appendix Table 1 Chlorination Values for 2000 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program 4 Date ESW1 ppm ESW2 ppm NESW1 pmrn NESW2 oom Comments 24-Jul-00 25-Jul-00 0.23 0.51 0.25 0.18 I I I I nd nd I II nd nd I . . . . . . . . . . .

1 26-Jul-00 0.13 0.13 nd nd 27-Jul-00 28-Jul-00 0.1 nc 0.11 nc nd nc nd nc Motor Operated 1

29-Jul-00 nc nc nc nc Valve (MOV) work 30-Jul-00 31-Jul-00 1-Aug-00 nc nc no nc nc nc nc nc nc nc on WMO's 15, 16, and 17 4 nc nc 2-Aug-00 3-Aug-00 4-Aug-00 nc nc 0.14 nc nc 0.12 nc nc nd nc nc nd A

5-Aug-00 6-Aug-00 7-Aug-00 0.13 0.2 0.31 0.34 0.11 0.21 nd nd nd nd nd nd I

8-Aug-00 0.35 0.17 nd nd 9-Aug-00 10-Aug-00 0.5 1.08 0.16 0.16 nd nd nd nd A

11-Aug-00 0.06 0.24 nd nd 12-Aug-00 13-Aug-00 14-Aug-00 no nc nc nc nc nc nc nc NaOCI tubing leak at NaOCI feed pump I

nc nc nc nc discharge 15-Aug-00 16-Aug-00 17-Aug-00 0.31 0.15 0.3

<.08 0.14

<.08 nd nd nd nd nd nd A

18-Aug-00 19-Aug-00 20-Aug-00 0.3 nc nc

<.08 nc nc nd nc nc nd nc nc Lost prime on NaOCI feed A

21-Aug-00 no nc nc nc pumps 22-Aug-00 23-Aug-00 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.13 nd nd 0.9 nd 1

24-Aug-00 0.17 0.16 nd nd 25-Aug-00 0.12 <.08 nd nd 26-Aug-00 <.08 <.08 nd nd 27-Aug-00 0.26 <.08 nd nd 28-Aug-00 0.11 <.08 nd nd 29-Aug-00 0.1 <.08 nc nd 30-Aug-00 nc nc nc nc Lost power to C12 Analyzers 31-Aug-00 0.11 0.16 nd nd 1-Sep-00 0.11 0.18 nd nd 2-Sep-00 0.23 0.43 nd nd 3-Sep-00 0.17 0.62 nd nd 4-Sep-00 0.13 0.51 nd nd 5-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc Calgon EVAC 6-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc Treatments 7-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc to the intake 8-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc pipelines and NaOCL 9-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc system tubing 10-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc replacement Comments: nd- no data nc- no NaOCI

Appendix Table 1 Chlorination Values for 2000 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program Date ESW1 ppm ESW2 ppm NESW1 ppm NESW2 ppm Comments 11-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc Calgon EVAC 12-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc Treatments to the 13-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc intake pipelines and 14-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc NaOCI system tubing 15-Sep-00 nc nc nc nc replacement 16-Sep-00 <.1 nc 0.2 nd 17-Sep-00 0.11 0.12 nd <.1 18-Sep-00 0.12 0.14 nd nd 19-Sep-00 0.1 0.14 nd nd 20-Sep-00 0.1 0.1 nd nd 21-Sep-00 0.1 0.11 nd nd 22-Sep-00 0.1 0.12 nd nd 23-Sep-00 0.18 0.17 nd nd 24-Sep-00 0.18 0.15 nd 0.4 25-Sep-00 0.22 0.18 nd 0.6 26-Sep-00 0.13 0.27 nd 0.5 27-Sep-00 0.3 0.21 nd 0.54 28-Sep-00 0.2 0.17 nd nc 29-Sep-00 0.2 0.28 nd 0.41 30-Sep-00 0.3 0.4 nd 0.42 1-Oct-00 0.24 0.37 nd nd 2-Oct-00 0.25 0.33 nd 0.3 3-Oct-00 0.32 0.39 nd 0.3 4-Oct-00 0.35 0.4 nd 0.31 5-Oct-00 0.34 0.48 0.51 0.35 0.60ppm Unit 2 MSCW 6-Oct-00 0.3 0.39 nd 0.32 7-Oct-00 0.33 0.21 nd 0.33 8-Oct-00 0.28 0.3 nd 0.37 9-Oct-00 0.1 0.16 nd 0.36 10-Oct-00 nc nc nc nc Loss of power to 11-Oct-00 nc nc nc nc Chlorination System 12-Oct-00 nc nc nc nc due to breaker 13-Oct-00 nc nc nc nc cleaning 14-Oct-00 0.08 <.08 nd 0.35 15-Oct-00 0.11 <.08 nd 0.19 16-Oct-00 0.34 <.08 nd 0.64 17-Oct-00 nd nd nd nd 18-Oct-00 0.7 <.08 nd 0.64 19-Oct-00 0.56 <.08 nd 0.5 20-Oct-00 0.51 <.08 nd 0.43 21-Oct-00 0.16 <.08 nd 0.2 22-Oct-00 0.22 <.08 nd 0.57 23-Oct-00 nd <.08 nd nd 24-Oct-00 0.54 <.08 nd 0.41 25-Oct-00 0.34 0.14 nd 0.56 26-Oct-00 0.41 0.09 nd 0.33 27-Oct-00 0.36 <.08 nd 0.37 28-Oct-00 0.38 0.08 nd 0.35 29-Oct-00 0.36 <.08 nd 0.31 Comments: nd- no data nc- no NaOCI

Appendix Table I Chlorination Values for 2000 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program Date 30-Oct-00 ESW1 ppm 0.34 ESW2 ppm

<.08 NESW1 ppm nd NESW2 ppm 0.42 Comments j 31-Oct-00 nc nc nc nc WMO-17 1-Nov-00 2-Nov-00 nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc closed for Unit 1 NESW valve work I

11 3-Nov-00 nc nc nc nc 4-Nov-00 nc nc nc nc 5-Nov-00 nc nc nc nc 6-Nov-00 nc nc nc nc 7-Nov-00 8-Nov-00 nc no nc nc nc nc nc nc A

9-Nov-00 10-Nov-00 11-Nov-00 nc 0.13 0.21 nc

<.08

<.08 nc nd nd nc 0.23 0.18 1

12-Nov-00 0.34 0.15 13-Nov-00 14-Nov-00 0.46 nc 0.15 nc nd nd nc 0.6 0.48 nc 1

15-Nov-00 0.62 0.08 nd 0.37 16-Nov-00 17-Nov-00 0.76 0.31 0.14 0.14 nd nd 0.7 0.37 Il 18-Nov-00 0.18 0.08 nd 0.54 19-Nov-00 0.31 0.17 nd 0.66 20-Nov-00 0.33 0.18 nd 0.64 21-Nov-00 0.25 0.15 nd 0.39 22-Nov-00 0.38 0.12 nd 0.75 23-Nov-00 0.31 0.1 nd 0.89 24-Nov-00 25-Nov-00 0.25 0.37 0.09 0.15 nd nd 0.59 0.34 I

26-Nov-00 0.44 0.1 nd 0.32 27-Nov-00 0.5 0.15 nd 0.38 28-Nov-00 0.23 0.11 nd .0.34 29-Nov-00 0.13 <.08 nd 0.16 30-Nov-00 0.1 <.08 nd 0.17 1-Dec-00 0.09 <.08 nd 0.11 2-Dec-00 0.12 <.08 nd 0.2 3-Dec-00 4-Dec-00

<.08 0.09

<.08

<.08 nd nd 0.17 0.14 I

5-Dec-00 0.09 <.08 nd 0.14 6-Dec-00 0.1 0.13 nd 0.2 7-Dec-00 nc 0.1 nd 0.27 8-Dec-00 0.16 0.15 nd 0.25 9-Dec-00 0.18 0.17 nd 0.27 10-Dec-00 0.17 0.17 nd 0.21 11-Dec-00 0.11 0.11 nd 0.21 12-Dec-00 <.08 0.12 nd 0.18 13-Dec-00 <.08 0.14 nd 0.19 14-Dec-00 0.21 0.18 nd 0.27 13-Dec-00 <.08 0.14 nd 0.19 14-Dec-00 0.21 0.18 nd 0.27 Comments: nd- no data nc- no NaOCI

Prepared for:

American Electric Power Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant One Cook Place Bridgman, Michigan MOLLUSC BIOFOULING MONITORING PROGRAM 2001 March 2002 Grand Analysis 12684 Oak Park Sawyer, Michigan 49125

Table of Contents Page #

List of Tables and Figures 1 Executive Summary 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 4 1 1.1 Past History 4 1.2 Objectives 4 Chapter 2 Methods 6 1 2.1 Whole-Water Sampling 6 2.2 Artificial Substrates 8 2.2.1 Intake Forebay 8 2.2.2 Service Water Systems 2.2.3 Artificial Substrate Cumulative 9 1 Sample Analysis 9 Chapter 3 Results and Discussion 11 3.1 Whole-Water Sampling 3.2 Artificial Substrate Sampling 12 13 1

3.2.1 Circulating Water System 13 3.2.2 Service Water Systems and Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water System 15 3.2.3 Biocide Treatment 17 3.2.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples 18 Chapter 4 Summary and Recommendations 20 4.1 Summary 20 4.2 Recommendations 21 References 22 Appendix Table 1 23

List of Tables and Figures Table # Title Page #

2-1 Sampling Schedule for Zebra Mussel 7 Monitoring at the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant in 2001 3-1 Whole-Water Sampling Program Number 12-A of Zebra Mussel Veligers Per Cubic Meter, Veliger Size Range and Mean Veliger Size (um) Collected in the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant Forebay in 2001 3-2 Density, Average Size, and Size Range of 13-B Settled Zebra Mussel Postveligers Collected on Cumulative Artificial Substrates Placed in the Forebay, in the Service Water Systems and the MSCW System in the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant in 2001 Figure #

3-1 2001 D.C. Cook Plant-Whole-Water Zebra 12-B Mussel Veliger Density and Water Column Temperature in Intake Forebay 3-2 2001 D.C. Cook Plant-Number of Zebra 13-A Mussels Settled on Cumulative Substrate Samplers in the Intake Forebay 3-3 2001 D.C. Cook Plant-Whole-Water Zebra 15-A Mussel Veliger Density and Zebra Mussel Postveliger Cumulative Settlement in the Service Water Systems I

Executive Summary 4 Biofouling Studies have been conducted at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant since 1983. In 1991, monitoring of zebra mussels in the circulating water, essential service water (ESW), and 4 nonessential service water (NESW) systems was added to the program. The objectives of this monitoring program are to detect the presence and density of zebra mussel veligers in the circulating water system and postveliger settlement and growth rate in the forebay and service {

water systems, and to determine the effectiveness of oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides in the plant systems by comparing densities and sizes of settled zebra mussels. 4 I

Veligers were present in the forebay from 26 April through 13 December 2001. Peak densities occurred on 16 August, running consecutively for four weeks, through 6 September, with the major [

peak occurring on 6 September (473,000 veligers per cubic meter). This year's densities and peaks were higher than in 2000, as well as in 1998 and 1999 where we saw consecutive increases. Past years' studies have determined that zebra mussel density was independent of the volume of water entering the plant, as the concentration of veligers in the water remains the same regardless of the flow rate through the plant. This would suggest that the zebra mussel population has not yet 4 reached equalibrium in the southeast part of Lake Michigan._I Cumulative settlement was monitored in the forebay using microscope slides as artificial substrates. Analysis of the slides was done monthly to determine growth rates and cumulative settlement. Density and size data indicate that settlement started slowly in July. This initial settlement consisted of new postveligers, or newly settled larvae as well as many translocators, defined as juveniles or adults that relocate. Settlement density peaked in September of the sampling season with a decrease in October into November finishing with a slight increase in ]

December. This is contrary to previous years' results that indicated a steady increase in postveliger densities month to month. September's peak settlement density followed a four-week period of 2

continuous peak whole-water densities during this sampling season. Postveliger density was high in September. The decrease in densities in the following months indicate that as the postveligers grow larger, many translocate, allowing those that remain, more room for growth. This is demonstrated by the forebay cummulative sampling results showing a continuous increase in average size of settled postveligers with decreasing density. The continuous growth of settled postveligers and presence of translocators, indicate the need for chlorination during the veliger spawning season, which in 2001 was 26 April thru 13 December.

Cumulative settlement was also monitored in the forebay using a six-inch PVC pipe. This was deployed on 14 June and was retrieved on 13 December. The settlement density and size of postveligers since 14 June was 1,405,853 individuals/m2 and 1,408u (1.4mm). The PVC sampler was analyzed, cleaned and returned to the forebay for a winter growth study.

Service Water Systems and Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water Cumulative settlement on the artificial substrates in the service water systems was low during the entire sampling season. The highest densities were found on 11 October in 2 ESW, 2 NESW and MSCW (2,720 individuals/m 2, 5,173 individuals/tn 2 , and 7,360 individuals/m2 respectively). The chlorination system was not running for 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months on 10 October that could explain why these peak settlements were observed. These densities indicate a marked increase in the numbers of settled individuals when the systems are not being chlorinated.

BetzDearborn Spectrus CT 1300 boicide was used to treat the three intake tunnels on 1-2 July of this year. Results were less than optimal due to cold water temperatures that existed during the treatment as well as the lack of a functioning chemical distribution system in the north intake tunnel.

L Chapter 1 Introduction I

1.1 Past History American Electric Power Company (AEP) has been conducting zebra mussel monitoring studies at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant since 1991. The purpose of these studies is to monitor the presence of zebra mussel veliger and postveliger settlement densities in the circulating water, essential service water (ESW), nonessential service water (NESW), and miscellaneous sealing and cooling water (MSCW) systems to help determine the effectiveness of the zebra mussel control program.

In 1999, 2000, and again in 2001, Grand Analysis conducted the monitoring program, designed to detect the timing of spawning and settling of zebra mussels at the Cook Nuclear Plant. The program also determines densities for: 1) whole water samples for planktonic veligers: and 2) artificial substrates set within the circulating water, ESW, NESW, and MSCW systems for cumulative postveliger settlement. The effects of a periodic molluscide treatment on settled zebra mussels were also determined using PVC piping as an artificial substrate.

1.2 Objectives Specific objectives for the 2001 Mollusc Biofouling Monitoring Program were as follows:

4

Conduct whole-water sampling of the circulating water system weekly (June-November),

bimonthly (May), and monthly (April and December) to determine the presence and density of larval zebra mussels.

Deploy artificial substrates in the intake forebay and service water systems to detect cumulative settlement of postveligers. Samples collected monthly from May through December.

Deploy PVC piping, also as an artificial substrate, in the intake forebay to determine cumulative settlement during the growing season as well as over the following winter.

5

Chapter 2 Methods j 2.1 Whole-Water Sampling Whole-water sampling of the circulating water system was conducted from 26 April to 13 December 2001 (Table 2-1). Samples were collected from mid-depth in the intake forebay by pumping lake water through an in-line flowmeter into a plankton net. The sampling location was consistent with that of previous studies. Two replicates (2,000 liters each) were collected during each sampling date.

A Myers Model 2JF-51-8 pump or equivalent was connected to an in-line flowmeter assembly (Signet Model #P58640) and pumped water into a plankton net for approximately one hour. To minimize organism abrasion, measured flow was directed into a No. 20 plankton net that was suspended in a partially filled 55-gallon plastic barrel.

Samples were gently washed into the cod-end bucket of the plankton net using filtered circulating water system water and then transferred to a one-liter plastic container. Filtered water was added I to the container to ensure that a full liter was analyzed. The two samples were analyzed immediately in an on-site laboratory.

Samples were initially mixed thoroughly for three minutes using a magnetic stir plate. Then, using a calibrated Pasteur pipette, a 1-milliter aliquot of mixed sample was placed into a [

Sedgewick-Rafter cell for counting. An Olympus SZ-1145 binocular microscope (18-110x) equipped with cross-polarizing filters was used. Ten aliquots were counted and the average was 6

{

extrapolated to determine the number of individuals per cubic meter. This process was repeated for the second replicate and the mean of the two values was calculated to yield a final density a

value. The density was calculated as follows: A Density (#/m3)=(average #*DF)/0.001 L* 1L/2000L* 1000L/m3 DF- Dilution Factor L Size measurements were recorded for up to 50 organisms from each sample. Veliger size was measured using an ocular micrometer that was calibrated to a stage micrometer.

2.2 Artificial Substrates To determine zebra mussel settlement in the circulating water, artificial substrates were placed in the intake forebay, upstream of the trash racks. Sidestream samplers were installed on the return side of both service water systems and on the miscellaneous sealing and cooling water system to determine settlement in these systems. Samplers were equipped with modified test-tube racks designed to hold microscope slides for cumulative sampling.

2.2.1 Intake Forebay I On 14 June, substrate monitors, consisting of 80 microscope slides in test tube racks secured inside protective wire cages attached to a rope weighted by a concrete block, were suspended at mid-depth near the center of the intake forebay. Monthly, 10 slides were retrieved and analyzed for density and shell size according to the sampling schedule.

8

Also on 14 June, two PVC pipe sections measuring 6 inches long and having an inside diameter of 3.5 inches were cut in half lengthwise. They were rejoined using hose clamps and attached to a rope weighted by a concrete block and suspended at mid-depth in the intake forebay. One PVC sampler was exposed to the Spectrus CT 1300 treatment on 1-2 July, while the other sampler was not exposed. On 13 December, the untreated PVC sampler was analyzed for densities and sizes of shells by scraping two different square inch sections of each of the PVC samplers.

Cumulative monitoring was designed to provide information on accumulated infestation throughout the growing season.

2.2.2 Service Water Systems Sidestream monitors were placed on the return side of the service water systems (1 ESW, 2 ESW, 2 NESW) and the miscellaneous sealing and cooling (MSCW) water system. Each monitor contained two modified test tube racks containing 80 microscope slides. The racks held the slides above the monitor base that allowed silt and sediment to fall out before they could affect the slide settlement. The monitors were covered with a plant-approved fireproof fabric to limit light exposure. Plant personnel checked the monitors periodically to ensure that adequate flow was available, and flow was adjusted as necessary. Ten slides from each location were retrieved monthly and immediately analyzed for densities and shell size.

2.2.3 Artificial Substrate Cumulative Sample Analysis An Olympus SZ- 1145 binocular microscope (18-11 Ox) equipped with cross polarizing filters was used for. analyzing samples. After one side of the slide was scraped clean, the slide was placed on the microscope stage so that the attached postveligers could be counted. When slides became heavily infested, a subsampling technique was followed:

9

L The slides were subsampled using a straight edge that permitted either half or a quarter of the I slide to be counted. Counts were then proportionally extrapolated to one square meter.

Settlement rates were computed by taking the average number of mussels from the ten slides and multiplying this value by 533.34 to obtain the density of zebra mussels per square meter. (One postveliger/microscope slide equals 533.34 veligers per square meter.)

Shell diameters were measured for up to 50 random individuals to obtain maximum, minimum I and mean sizes. Diameters were measured using an ocular micrometer calibrated to a stage micrometer.

I 10

Chapter 3 Results and Discussion The zebra mussel monitoring system performed up to expectations in 2001. The whole-water sampling for free-swimming veligers coupled with monitoring post-veliger settlement on artificial substrates provided sample results that could be compared with previous years' data.

Appendix Table 1 shows the chlorination values for the ESW and NESW systems. A 0.3-0.6 ppm total residual chlorine (TRC) is the target range for the control of zebra mussel settlement.

However, it was agreed upon to drop system chlorine residuals from 0.3-0.6 ppm to 0.2-0.4 ppm on 7 November due to elevated corrosion rates measured in the systems. As there was good postveliger control measured at the lower chlorination rates, the decision was made to use the lower target range. Total residual chlorine values for the ESW and NESW systems were taken periodically. The MSCW system, which was cross-connected to the NESW system, was chlorinated all of the dates that the NESW system was chlorinated except for a 10 day period in August. From 3 August until 12 August, Operations was having problems with seal water flow and silting in the MSCW to the turbine room sump pump seals. Chlorination values were not obtained for the MSCW, during this time period.

Both Cook Nuclear Plant units were operating for the entire sampling season with the exception of a dual unit outage in September due to sand and silt intrusion into the ESW system.

11

3.1 Whole-Water Sampling Sampling of planktonic veligers in the circulating water system was initiated 26 April and was completed on 13 December. Results are presented in Table 3-1 and in Figure 3-1. Veligers were present in all samples throughout the monitoring season. The major peak density occurred on 6 September (473,000ind./m 3). The three weeks prior to this date, on 16 August (198,225ind. /m3 ),

23 August (181,000ind. /m 3), and 30 August (130,000ind. /m 3), secondary peaks occurred. On 2 August (5,025ind. /M 3), an unusually low whole-water density was observed. In the week prior to this sampling date, water temperatures were running in the fifties, which are less conducive to zebra mussel spawning and unusual for this time of the year. The whole-water densities show that there are substantial numbers of veligers in the forebay, indicating the need for effective chlorination in the service water systems. Effective chlorination is therefore critical to the safe operation of the plant due to the threat of small valves and piping becoming clogged with zebra mussels.

Heaviest spawning activity occurred during mid August through mid October. Year 2001 mean veliger densities were higher than year 2000 densities, which were higher than 1999 densities.

Year 1999 veliger densities were almost three times higher than in 1998. In 1997, mean densities were twice as high as in 1999. The mean densities in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 were all lower than in 1999. In 1993, 1995 and 1996, peak densities were recorded during mid-September to the end of October. In June of 1994, due to unusually hot weather, an early peak occurred. Prior to 1997, peak periods of abundance typically occurred in mid-September. In 1997 through 2000, peaks occurred six to eight weeks earlier than the typical mid-September period for this region.

Year 2001 's peak abundance began in mid-August. After examining these varying results in peak abundances, we can conclude that there is not a way to estimate when the peak abundance will occur each season, other than estimating some time between July and October. Due to the 12

Table 3-1 Whole-Water Sampling Program Number of Zebra Mussel Veligers Per Cubic Meter, Veliger Size Range, and Mean Veliger Size (u m) Collected in The D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant Forebay in 2001 Date Density (No./m 3 ) Size Range (u m) Mean Size (u m) 4/26/01 975 100-1430 247 5/10/01 1,400 100-275 173 5/24/01 800 90-180 127 6/7/01 22,300 90-210 109 6/14/01 2,100 90-230 118 6/21/01 23,650 90-160 124 6/28/01 71,125 90-195 133 7/5/01 .10,850 90-230 131 7/12/01 7,475 90-260. 151 7/19/01 13,925 90-230 152 7/26/01 36,250 90-230 121 8/2/01 5,025 100-230 150 8/9/01 32,775 130-230 166 8/16/01 198,225 100-260 161 8/23/01. 181,000 100-300 152 8/30/01 130,000 100-330 180 9/6/01 473,000 130-300 195 9/13/01 44,375 130-360 218 9/20/01 106,550 90-330 166 9/27/01 90,750 100-260 172 10/4/01 13,200 100-360 190 10/11/01 53,700 100-330 192 10/18/01 16,125 100-400 205 10/25/01 15,775 130-400 239 11/1/01 7,150 100-330 175 11/8/01 1,700 130-900 285 11/15/01 1,250 130-360 209 11/20/01 1,400 100-230 175 11/29/01 925 130-230 133 12/13/01 125 150-230 197 1 OA

q-ZT Veliger Density/cubic meter (xl 000) 00 0~ -0 -0 -0 N) r) N) N) N) wD N) P-~ 0) Co Co N) -A, 0) 00C3 Ili -D. 0) Co CD CD C0 C 0 C0 0D CD 0 CD CD C3 a 0 0 a 0 4/26/01 0

5/10/01 0 5/24/01 6/7/01 6/14/01 0

6/21/01 6/28/01 7/5/01 0 7/12/01 7/19/01 0.

7/26/01 8/2/01

-CD 8/9/01 Co OD -n 8/16/01 3

Cn (D0 8/23/01 C

0

-D CD -IM 8/30/01 CI"1 X

9/6/01 0 C(D C 00D 9/13/01 9/20/01 9/27/01 10/4/01 10/11/01 10/18/01 0.

10/25/01 11/1/01 11/8/01 CD

3 11/15/01 11/20/01 11/29/01 12/13/01 w ~ .01 M, 0) -O 0O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0)

Intake Forebay Temp (F)

extended shut down of both units during previous years sampling, data comparisons each year should be kept in consideration.

Whole-water densities recorded during 1993 through 1995 for the November and December sampling periods were less than 1,000ind. /m 3 for sampling conducted after 3 November. During the 1996 through 2000 sampling seasons, whole-water densities recorded in November were about five times greater than those of the 1993 through 1995 period, showing that spawning occurred into the late fall due to warm fall weather. In 200 1, warm fall weather was not experienced like the prior five years, therefore whole-water densities observed in November were less than 2,000 ind. /m3 , but because of the late fall spawning in previous years, there is a need for chlorination into the late fall months to prevent zebra mussel settlement and growth in plant systems.

In summary, zebra mussel veligers were present in the water column on all sampling dates from 26 April through 13 December. Spawning commenced in April and continued through the end of the sampling program. Peak veliger densities occurred during an 11-week period from early 3

August to the end of October with the exception of 28 June when a 71,125 ind./m peak was observed.

3.2 Artificial Substrate Sampling 3.2.1 Circulating Water System Cumulative artificial substrate monitoring was conducted at the center forebay location (which is protected by a deflector wall) from 21 June to 13 December. Cumulative settlement densities for the forebay are shown in Figure 3-2. Table 3-2 provides density and size information for the settled postveligers. The results show the highest peak in the forebay's density to occur in 13

LL.

z 0

a)

Cý N co m

LU 0 9 a) w I- CL 0 CL D 4) E Z

ci (00OIX) jejew ejenbs/slassnVy 13-A

Table 3-2 Density (No./m 2), Average Size (u m), and Size Range (u m), of Settled Zebra Mussel Postveligers Collected on Cumulative Artificial Substrates Placed in the Forebay, in the Service Water Systems and Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water System in the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant in 2001.

Cumulative Samples Forebay NESW MS&CW I ESW 2 ESW Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.

Density Size Range Density Size Range Density Size Range Density Size Range Density Size Range 2 2 2 Date (no/m2 (urn) (um)

(no/mr ) (urn) (urm) (no/rm) (urn) (urm) (no/rn ) (urm) (urn) (no/m ) (urM) (urm) 0 0 0 213 123 100-130 0 0 0 107 115 100-130 0 0 0 6/21/01 2,933 593 200-6140 53 160 160 267 304 130-500 160 183 160-230 53 260 260 7/19/01 424 200-3860 53 280 280 480 137 130-160 160 243 130-300 160 210 130-300 8/9/01 86,560 491 200-5940 2,507 293 200-460 4,747 267 160-400 213 238 130-300 373 283 200-430 9/20/01 2,797,333 586 200-6600 5,173 275 200-500 7,360 265 160-530 160 297 230-400 2,720 261 160-530 10/11/01 2.592,000 267 328 260-360 587 251 180-400 200 340 300-400 750 288 200-430 10/25/01 1689 330-16.720 320 377 260-460 480 456 330-630 53 260 260 267 390 300-560 11/15/01 1,422,933 230-17,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 230 230 0 0 0 12/13/01 1,524.000 2009

No sample taken

I September (2,797,333 ind./m 2 ). This followed a four-week period of consecutive peak whole water densities. In October, the forebay density slightly decreased as well as in November. In 4 December, a slight increase in density was observed. Overall, forebay settlement densities were higher in 2001 compared to previous years. This would be expected since the whole-water densities in 2001 were higher. 4 The mean sizes increased monthly from 9 August through 13 December. Figure 3-2 and I Table 3-2 show that the sizes continued to increase during the sampling season and that the i densities continued to remain high, indicating new postveligers continued to settle on the forebay slides throughout the season, which could be expected because of the whole-water activity that 4 was observed into December. Once again, this demonstrates the need to chlorinate the service water systems through the end of the sampling season.

In past years' studies, biocide treatments had been applied to the forebay, service water systems and the MSCW system, as well as the intake tunnels, therefore showing decreases in settlement in I these areas. In 2000, the applications of BetzDearbom Spectrus CT 1300 biocide and EVAC 4 targeted the intake pipelines individually. Therefore, the concentration of biocide was never high enough to impact populations of zebra mussels in the intake forebay or the service water systems J downstream. The 2001 Spectrus CT 1300 biocide treatment had minimal impact to systems downstream of the pipelines as the north pipeline was not treated due to an inoperable chemical injection system and the overall cold water temperatures experienced during the treatment.

Cumulative settlement was also monitored in the forebay using a six-inch PVC pipe with a 3.5

- inch inside diameter. This was set in the forebay on 14 June. Density on the substrate was 0

E 1,405,853 ind./m 2 . Individuals ranged from 360u-15,840u and the mean size of fifty randomly 1

14 13-B

selected individuals was 1408u. The density is higher than in previous years. This is a reasonable finding since the whole-water densities were greater in 2001.

3.2.2 Service Water Systems and Miscellaneous Sealing and Cooling Water System The return sides (after systems use) of the ESW and NESW systems and the MSCW system were monitored in the 2001 Mollusc Biofouling Monitoring Program. Chlorine is injected beneath each ESW pump suction. The ESW trains are cross-tied downstream of the chlorine injection point so that both ESW trains are served. A separate chlorine injection point, which is in the suction header, serves the NESW system and subsequently the MSCW system. Cumulative testing was done on a monthly basis in 2001.

Artificial substrate slides were set on 14 June and ten slides per month were examined and not replaced. Results are shown in Figure 3-3 in Table 3-2. The data indicates that the chlorination system was effective in preventing growth and prolonged settlement of postveligers in the service water systems. Referring to Table 3-2, peak settlement densities are observed on 11 October in 2 2 2 ESW, MSCW and NESW systems (2,720 in. /m , 7,360 'Md./m- and 5,173 Ind. /M respectively). Chlorination was not being administered on 10 October for 8 hours9.259259e-5 days 0.00222 hours 1.322751e-5 weeks 3.044e-6 months prior to the time of sampling which could be a possible explanation for the peak settlements, indicating quick postveliger settlement when chlorination is not being administered. This again demonstrates the need for continuous chlorination to prevent settlement from occurring. Smaller peak densities were observed in the NESW a'nd MSCW systems on 20 September (2,507 ind. /m2 and 4,747 ind.

/m2 respectively). This follows a period of three weeks when chlorination was not running in the NESW systems due to circulating water pumps not being in operation coupled with the an injection quill replacement on Unit 1. This data demonstrates the effectiveness of chlorination when it is properly administered and warrants the need for chlorination during the peak-settling season.

15

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On 13 December, 1 ESW showed a single postveliger had settled. This low settlement can be attributed to the cold November and December water temperatures coupled with the chlorination of the systems. Unit 1 ESW densities were found to be the lowest of all of the service water systems throughout the season. Mean sizes in all of the service water systems except 1 ESW showed that the settlement of postveligers had some steady growth from October through November although densities decreased. The highest settlement in all of the service water systems was seen in September and October, which coincided with some of the highest whole water densities.

Comparison of daily water temperatures recorded in the DMRs for the months of October, November and the first half of December for 1993 through 2001 indicate that October's mean temperatures are conducive to zebra mussel spawning (see chart below). The November and December 2001 recorded average temperatures were the highest since the study began, and more conducive to spawning, although no peak whole-water densities were observed mid October through December.

Mean Intake Water Temperatures (TF)

Year October November December (1-15) 1993 58.3 49.0 44.6 1994 56.2 48.1 43.4 1995 57.6 45.8 38.8 1996 61.6 48.9 42.2 1997 58.8 46.3 39.1 1998 57.0 49.0 47.9 1999 57.1 50.4 45.1 2000 56.9 47.6 37.7 2001 58.1 54.6 51.7 16

A In summary, density and size data collected during 2001 in the service water systems and in the miscellaneous sealing and cooling system sampling locations indicate very low settlement throughout the sampling season with the exception of September and October. These peaks I coincide with the peaks in whole water densities, which also compare to previous years' studies.

Prolonged settlement in the service water systems does not occur when chlorinaton is running which is illustrated by 2001 's data.

3.2.3 Biocide Treatment The July 2001 zebra mussel biocide treatment began at 2225 hrs. on 1 July and ended at 1100 hrs. I on 2 July. Clay detoxification was completed at 1200 hrs. on 2 July. Four thousand five hundred (4,500) gallons of Betz Spectrus CT1300 biocide was used and 144 two-thousand lb. bags of American Colloid Co. bentonite clay Volclay SPV 200 were used for detoxification of the biocide. The average feed concentration for the Center Intake Tunnel measured 5 ppm and the average feed concentration for the South Intake Tunnel averaged 3.86 ppm. The North Intake tunnel was not treated as both of its chemical injection pipelines were unavailable at the time of the treatment. A separate feed line was installed in the North Intake pipeline manway in an effort to treat the Unit 1 side of the Screenhouse intake forebay. The CTS Heat Exchangers and the NESW suctions from the Unit 1 and 2 discharge tunnels were specifically flushed during the treatment. The average intake temperature for the Center Intake Tunnel was 50.9 degrees F and the average intake temperature for the South Intake Tunnel was 51.5 degrees F. Power was reduced to 55% on Unit I and 60% on Unit 2. Circulating Water Pumps #13, #23, and #24, were shut down to reduce the circ. water system flow rate. Both units' condenser outlet valves were throttled to raise circulating water system pressure to slightly over 13 lbs. to further reduce flows.

Intake tunnel flow was measured to be 2.97 ft./sec. which equates to a circulating water system flow rate of 804,000 gpm. The Make-up Plant was placed on idle and filling of the CSTs was 17

terminated during the treatment. There were no MDEQ discharge permit violations during the treatment.

Bio-box results were low and commensurate with the low intake temperatures. The bio-box results were:

South Intake Tunnel Manway - 58%

Center Intake Tunnel Manway - 50%

North Intake Tunnel Manway- 1 %

Unit 1 ESW- 3.8%

Unit 2 ESW -35.2%

Unit 1 NESW - 100%

Unit 1 MSCW - 54.3%

Intake Forebay - 42%

Intake Forebay (Control) -1%

Post biocide dives of the Center Intake Tunnel were performed from the plant end out 500 ft. to the lake on 11 July and from the lake end in 500 ft. toward the plant on 12 July. The inspection from the plant end revealed a single layer of coverage over 2-80% of the pipe surface of which 0 50% were dead. The mussel size range was 1/8"-3/4". The inspection from the lake end revealed a single layer of coverage over 0-85% of the pipe surface of which 25-75% were dead. The mussel size range was 1/4"-3/4".

The treatment was unsuccessful. The two most critical factors to the success of the treatment were low water temperature and the chemical feed lines for the North Intake tunnel being unavailable.

3.2.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples The results of the samples, analyzed on 11 October, by Grand Analysis, and on 12 October, by an independent analyzer, Big River Hatchery, are summarized as follows:

18

Grand Analysis Big River Hatchery Sample Onsite Density OA/QC Density % Agreement Whole-water 54,750 ind./m3 56,250 ind./m3 97.3%

2 Forebay 2,592,000 ind./m 2 2,410560 ind./m 93%

2 2 1ESW 160 ind./m 160 ind./m 100%

2 2 2 ESW 2,720 ind./m 2,394 ind./m 88%

2 2 NESW 5,173 ind./M 5,173 ind./m 100%

2 MSCW 7,360 ind./m2 7,360 ind./m 100%

The differences in the forebay and 2 ESW densities could be attributed to the shipment, to the 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months between examinations, and to the high densities of settled postveligers on the substrates.

Possibly, a few of the individuals on the slide were not solidly attached and therefore fell from the slide during shipment.

19

Chapter 4 Summary and Recommendations 4.1 Summary The 2001 Mollusc Biofouling Monitoring Program was initiated on 26 April and continued to 13 December. The major spawning peak occurred on 6 September. The heaviest spawning period ran from 9 August through 11 October. The peak whole-water density observed on 6 September was the highest peak since the study began.

Cumulative settlement in the forebay began slowly in July because of artificial substrates being introduced in mid-June. In September, following the peak whole-water density of the sampling season, the peak forebay density (2,797,333 ind. /m 2 ) of the season was observed. Forebay densities remained high throughout the season. Mean sizes of settled postveligers increased from August through December. Based on mean sizes, translocators were seen from August through December.

Peak cumulative settlement densities occurred in October in the NESW, 2 ESW, and the MSCW systems. These densities correspond with peak periods of spawning measured in the whole-water samples and also with an eight-hour period in which chlorination was not being administered to the systems prior to sampling. A peak settlement density did not occur in 1 ESW. The peak settlements in the different water systems illustrate the importance of chlorination on settlement rates.

20

4.2 Recommendations J_

Based on observations made during the course this program, Grand Analysis is making the t following recommendations:

- Whole-Water sampling should continue to be initiated in April to determine the t presence of veligers in the water column, as currently implemented. I

- Studies of cumulative postveliger settlement should continue to be conducted from May through December, as currently implemented. I

- Chlorination should continue to run throughout the spawning season, as currently implemented.

- Chlorination data from all water systems (ESW, NESW, and MSCW) and temperature data should continue to be made available to allow meaningful interpretation of results.

- Chlorination target rates (TRC) should run 0.2-0.4 ppm unless monthly settlement densities increase. If increases are observed, a target rate of 0.3-0.6 ppm should be resumed.

21

References Lawler, Matusky, & Skelly Engineers LLP. 1999. Mollusc biofouling monitoring during 1998, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant: Final Report.

Lawler, Matusky, & Skelly Engineers LLP. 1995. Mollusc biofouling monitoring during 1994, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant: Final Report.

Lawler, Matusky,& Skelly Engineers LLP. 1997. Mollusc biofouling monitoring during 1996, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant: Final Report.

Great Lakes Enviromental Center. 1996. A zebra mussel (Dreissena) monitoring survey for the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant. Final Report.

Grand Analysis. 1999. Zebra Mussel Monitoring Project for 1999.

Performed at Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant. Final Report.

Grand Analysis. 2000. Mollusc Biofouling Monitoring Project for 2000.

Performed at Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant. Final Report.

22

Appendix Table 1 Chlorination Values for 2001 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program L

Date ESW 1 (ppm) ESW 2 (ppm) NESW 1 (ppm) NESW 2 (ppm) Comments 4/26/01 4/27/01 4/28/01 0.44 0.71 0.45 0.6 0.91 1.07 nd nd nd nd I nd nd 4/29/01 0.66 0.51 nd nd 4/30/01 0.17 0.25 nd nd 5/1/01 0.35 0.22 nd nd 5/2/01 0.17 0.27 nd nd 5/3/01 0.17 0.19 nd nd 5/4/01 nd nd 0.58 0.48 5/5/01 0.62 0.75 0.72 0.42 5/6/01 0.47 0.46 0.6 0.42 5/7/01 nd 0.37 0.45 0.38 5/8/01 0.41 nd nd nd 5/9/01 0.51 0.57 nd nd 5/10/01 nd 0.48 nd nd 5/11/01 nd nd nd nd 5/12/01 nd nd nd nd 5/13/01 nd nd nd nd 5/14/01 nd nd nd nd 5/15/01 5/16/01 5/17/01

<.08 0.13 nd

<.08 0.13 nd 0.19 nd nd 0.26 nd nd

-I 5/18/01 nd nd nd nd 5/19/01 nd nd nd nd 5/20/01 nd nd nd nd 5/21/01 nd nd nd nd 5/22/01 0.2 0.26 0.28 0.18 5/23/01 nd nd nd nd 5/24/01 nd nd nd nd 5/25/01 nd nd nd 5/26/01 0.33 0.21 nd nd 0.11 I 5/27/01 nd nd nd nd 5/28/01 nd nd nd nd 5/29/01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.1 5/30/01 nd nd nd nd 5/31/01 nd nd nd nd 6/1/01 6/2/01 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.23 0.17 0.37 0.11 0.24 I

6/3/01 nd nd nd nd 6/4/01 nd nd nd nd 6/5/01 0.34 0.35 0.31 0.25 6/6/01 nd nd nd nd 6/7/01 nd nd nd nd 6/8/01 nd nd nd nd 6/9/01 nd nd nd nd 6/10/01 nd nd nd nd 6/11/01 <.08 <.08 0.24 0.16 6/12/01 0.11 0.13 0.21 0.16 23

Appendix Table 1 Chlorination Values for 2001 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program Date ESW 1 (ppm) ESW 2 (ppm) NESW 1 (ppm) NESW 2 (ppm) Comments 6/13/01 0.56 nd 0.3 0.23 6/14/01 0.13 0.25 0.3 0.21 6/15/01 nd nd nd nd 6/16/01 nd nd nd nd 6/17/01 nd nd nd nd 6/18/01 nd nd nd nd 6/19/01 0.49 0.62 0.37 0.3 6/20/01 nd nd nd nd 6/21/01 0.33 0.3 0.32 0.25 6/22/01 nd nd nd nd 6/23/01 nd nd nd nd 6/24/01 nd nd nd nd 6/25/01 0.31 0.33 0.31 0.29 6/26/01 0.15 0.18 0.25 0.19 6/27/01 0.26 0.3 0.4 0.33 6/28/01 nc nc nc nc no chlorination due 6/29/01 nc nc nc nc to clam-trol 6/30/01 nc nc nc nc treatment II 7/1/01 nc nc nc nc It 7/2/01 nc nc nc nc 7/3/01 0.1 0.16 <.08 <.08 7/4/01 nd nd nd nd 7/5/01 nd nd nd nd 7/6/01 nd nd nd nd 7/7/01 nd nd nd nd 7/8/01 nd nd nd nd 7/9/01 nd nd nd nd 7/10/01 0.14 0.2 0.18 0.2 7/11/01 nd nd nd nd 7112/01 nd nd nd nd 7/13/01 nd nd nd nd 7/14/01 nd nd nd nd 7/15/01 nd nd nd nd 7/16/01 nd nd nd nd 7/17/01 0.19 0.11 0.18 0.11 7/18/01 nd nd nd nd 7/19/01 nd nd nd nd 7/20/01 nd nd nd nd 7/21/01 nd nd nd nd 7/22/01 nd nd nd nd 7/23/01 nd nd nd nd 7/24/01 <.08 <.08 0.12 0.09 7/25/01 nd nd nd nd 7/26/01 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.14 7/27/01 nd nd nd nd 7/28/01 nd nd nd nd 7/29/01 nd nd nd nd 7/30/01 nd nd nd nd 24

Appendix Table 1 I Chlorination Values for 2001 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program Date ESW 1 (ppm) ESW 2 (ppm) NESW I (ppm) NESW 2 (ppm) Comments 7/31/01 <.08 <.08 0.11 0.08 8/1/01 nd nd nd nd 8/2/01 <.08 <.08 0.14 0.12 8/3/01 nd nd nd nd 8/4/01 nd nd nd nd 8/5/01 nd nd nd nd 8/6/01 nd nd nd nd 8/7/01 0.84 0.78 0.44 0.4 8/8/01 nd nd nd nd 8/9/01 nd nd nd nd 8/10/01 nd nd nd nd 8/11/01 nd nd nd nd 8/12/01 nd nd nd nd 8/13/01 8/14/01 nd 0.12 nd 0.14 nd 0.21 nd 0.19 I

8/15/01 nd nd nd nd 8/16/01 nd nd nd nd 8/17/01 nc nc nC nc 8/18/01 nd nd nd nd 8/19/01 8/20/01 8/21/01 nd nd 0.7 nd nd 0.65 nd nd 0.32 nd nd 0.31 I

8/22/01 nd nd nd nd 8/23/01 nd nd nd nd 8/24/01 <.08 0.08 0.21 0.15 8/25/01 <.08 0.09 0.2 0.14 8/26/01 0.18 0.22 0.48 0.34 8/27/01 0.49 0.39 0.48 0.5 8/28/01 0.19 0.17 0.54 0.42 8/29/01 nd nd nd nd 8/30/01 nc nc nc nc no chlorination due 8/31/01 nc nc nc nc to anticipated 9/1/01 nc nc nc no clam-trol treatment 9/2/01 nc nc nc nc and dual unit 9/3/01 nc nc nc nc outage 9/4/01 nc nc nc nc 9/5/01 nc nc no nc 9/6/01 nc nc nc nc 9/7/01 nc nc nc nc 9/8/01 nc nc nc nc 9/9/01 nc nc nc nc 9/10/01 nc nc nc nC 9/11/01 nc nc nc nc 9/12/01 nc nc nc nc 9/13/01 nc nc nc nc 9/14/01 0.1 0.08 nc nc 9/15/01 0.16 0.15 nc nc 9/16/01 0.22 0.18 nc nc 25

Appendix Table 1 Chlorination Values for 2001 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program Date ESW 1 (ppm) ESW 2 (ppm) NESW 1 (ppm) NESW 2 (ppm) Comments 9/17/01 nd nd nc nc 9/18/01 <.08 <.08 nc no 9/19/01 0.28 <.08 nd nd 9/20/01 0.23 0.22 nd nd 9/21/01 0.1 0.09 0.24 0.26 9/22/01 0.55 0.1 0.2 nd 9/23/01 nd nd nd nd 9/24/01 nd nd nd nd 9/25/01 0.58 0.53 0.41 nd 9/26/01 nc nc nc nc no chlorination due to 9/27/01 no nc nC no engineering performing 9/28/01 nc nc nc nc flow balance testing It 9/29/01 nc nc nc no 9/30/01 nc nc nc nc 10/1/01 nc nc nc nc 10/2/01 nc no no nc 10/3/01 nd nd nd nd 10/4/01 0.19 0.13 0.34 nd 10/5/01 0.2 0.29 0.4 nd 10/6/01 nd nd nd nd 10/7/01 nd nd nd nd 10/8/01 nd nd nd nd 10/9/01 0.23 0.23 0.09 nd 10/10/01 nd nd nd nd 10/11/01 nd nd nd nd 10/12/01 nd nd nd nd 10/13/01 nd nd nd nd 10/14/01 nd nd nd nd 10/15/01 nd nd nd nd 10/16/01 0.13 0.13 0.24 0.22 10/17/01 nd nd nd nd 10/18/01 nc no nc nc no chlorination due to 10/19/01 no no nc nc maintainance mechanic 10/20/01 0.12 0.12 0.45 nd stepping on drain valve 10/21/01 0.13 0.12 nd nd and causing spill of NaCl 10/22/01 nd nd nd nd 10/23/01 0.08 0.08 0.31 0.31 10/24/01 nd nd nd nd 10/25/01 nd nd nd nd 10/26/01 nd nd nd nd 10/27/01 nd nd nd nd 10/28/01 nd nd nd nd 10/29/01 <.08 <.08 0.13 0.12 10/30/01 <.08 <.08 <.08 <.08 10/31/01 nd nd nd nd 11/1/01 nd nd nd nd 11/2/01 nd nd nd nd 26

Appendix Table 1 EJ Chlorination Values for 2001 Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program 1'

Date ESW 1 (ppm) ESW 2 (ppm) NESW 1 (ppm) NESW 2 (ppm) Comments 11/3/01 nc nc nc nc no chlorination due to 11/4/01 11/5/01 nc nc no no nc nc nc nc leak being repaired in the NaOCI tank 1L 11/6/01 nc nc nc nc 11/7/01 nc nc nc nc 11/8/01 nc nc nc nc 11/9/01 nc no nC no 11/10/01 nc nc no nc 11/11/01 nc no nc nc 11/12/01 nc nc nc nc 11/13/01 11/14/01 11/15/01 nc nd nd no 0.12 nd nc 0.38 nd nc nd nd L

-1 11/16/01 nd nd nd nd 11/17/01 nd nd nd nd 11/18/01 nd nd nd nd 11/19/01 nd nd nd nd 11/20/01 nd 0.12 0.3 0.26 11/21/01 nd nd nd nd 11/22/01 nd nd nd nd 11/23/01 nd nd nd nd 11/24/01 nd nd nd nd 11/25/01 nd nd nd 11/26/01 11/27/01 nd 0.12 nd 0.09 nd 0.33 nd nd 0.27 I

11/28/01 nd nd nd nd 11/29/01 0.11 0.11 0.41 nd 11/30/01 0.09 0.08 nd nd 12/1/01 nd nd nd nd 12/2/01 nd nd nd nd 12/3/01 nd nd nd nd 12/4/01 0.31 0.28 0.27 0.23 12/5/01 nd nd nd nd 12/6/01 nd nd nd nd 12/7/01 nd nd nd nd 12/8/01 nd nd nd nd 12/9/01 12/10/01 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd j

12/11/01 0.27 0.23 0.45 0.45 12/12/01 nd nd nd nd 12/13/01 nd nd nd nd 27

APPENDIX IV SPECIAL REPORTS 2001

Limno-Tech, Inc.

Excellence in Environmental Solutions Since 1975 December 20, 2001 John Carlson Indiana Michigan Power Company Cook Nuclear Plant One Cook Place Bridgman, Michigan 49106

Subject:

LTI Final Report - Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant

Dear John,

Enclosed please find the above referenced report, which is now being issued as final following review by Alan Gaulke and Chris Hawk. This transmittal follows an electronic transmission of the document on December 20, 2001. The data CD and large bathymetry maps included with the draft submittal have not changed, and are not being re-issued with this final report.

Please feel free to contact Dave Dilks or me at Limno-Tech with comments or questions.

I look forward to speaking with you and others at AEP regarding the Phase 2 work. Best wishes for the holidays, Sincerely, 06 I.,ý c-Tim Dekker, Ph.D., P.E.

Project Manager Limno-Tech, Inc.

501 Avis Drive Ann Arbor Mt 48108 734-332-1200 Fax: 734-332-1212 Regional Offices in: Washington DC and Portland OR www.limno.com

L Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C.

Cook Nuclear Plant Prepared for:

American Electric Power Company December 2001 Limno-Tech, Inc.

Excellence in Environmental Solutions Since 1975 Ann Arbor, MI

Research, Compilation and Analysis of ThermalProfile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Prepared for:

American Electric Power Company Environmental Services 1 Riverside Plaza Columbus, OH 43215-2373 December 2001 Prepared by:

Limno Tech, Inc.

501 Avis Dr.

Ann Arbor, MI 48108 Limno-Tech, Inc.. Pag-e iii

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data December 2001 I

Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUM MARY ..................................................................................... ES-1

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................... L

2. DATA COM PILATION ...................................................................................... 2 2.1 IN TROD U CTION ........................................................................................ 2 2.2 WATER TEMPERATURE DATA SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY ........ 2 2.3 BATHYMETRIC DATA SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY .................. 6I 2.4 OTHER POTENTIALLY USEFUL DATA ................................................. 7

3. D ATAB ASE ......................................................................................................... 9 1 3.1 DATABASE DESCRIPTION ..................................................................... 9 3.2 DATABASE CONTENTS .......................................................................... 9 3.2.1 WATER TEMPERATURE DATA ............................................................. 99 3.2.2 BATHYMETRY DATA .......................................................................... 10

4. WATER TEMPERATURE DATA ANALYSIS ............................................. 11 1 4.1 IN TROD U CTION ...................................................................................... 11 4.2 WATER TREATMENT PLANT INTAKES ............................................. 11 4.3 LAKE MICHIGAN MASS BALANCE STUDY DATA .......................... 12 4.4 EEGLE STUDY DATA ............................................................................. 13 4.4.1 SELECTION OF DATA FOR ANALYSIS .................................................... 13 4.4.2 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF DATA ...................................................... 13 4.4.3 APPROPRIATENESS OF DATA FOR COOK PLANT OFFSHORE AREA ..... 13 4.4.4 KRIGING ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 14 4.4.5 LIMITATIONS OF THIS ANALYSIS ......................................................... 15

5. BATHYMETRY MAPPPING .......................................................................... 16 1 5.1 IN TRO DU CTION ..................................................................................... 16 5.2 DATA INTEGRATION ............................................................................. 16 5.3 BATHYMETRY MAP FOR OFFSHORE COOK PLANT ....................... 17

6. RECOM IVM ENDATION S .................................................................................... 18 6.1 BA THY M ETRY ......................................................................................... 18 6.2 TEMPERATURE ....... .................................... 18 6.3 RELATED ISSUES ................................................................................... 19

7. REFEREN CES ................................................................................................. 20 Limno-Tech, Inc. Page iv

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Temperature and Bathymetry Data Sampling Stations: EEGLE Temperature Stations, Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study Stations, and University of Michigan Bathymetrical Transect UM07.

Figure 2. Time Series of Intake Temperatures for the Cook, Bridgman, Lake Township, New Buffalo, and St. Joseph Intakes Figure 3. Correlation between Cook Intake Temperatures and Water Treatment Plant Intakes: a) 1995, b) 1998 Figure 4. Cook Intake Temperatures - Descriptive Statistics: a) 1996, b) 1997, c) 1998 Figure 5. Temperature Profiles: Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study Figure 6. Interpolated Depths to Various Temperatures: 1999-2000 EEGLE Temperature Data Figure 7. Comparison of NB, J Transect Temperature Profiles Figure 8. Kriged Temperatures - 1999-2000 EEGLE Temperature Data Figure 9. Kriged Probability of Non-Exceedance of Temperature Thresholds: a) 40°F, b) 45°F, c) 50'F, d) 55°F, e) 60'F, f) 65°F, g) 70'F Figure 10. Probability of Non-Exceedance of Temperature Thresholds vs. Distance from Cook Plant (1999-2000 EEGLE Data)

Figure 11. Probability of Non-Exceedance of Temperature Thresholds vs. Lake Depth (1999-2000 EEGLE Data)

Figure 12. Observed Differences between pre-1996 NOAA Bathymetry, 1997 USACOE Survey Data Figure 13. University of Michigan (UM07) Transect Study Data, 1988 - 2000 Figure 14. NOAA Bathymetry in the Vicinity of the Cook Plant Paize v Limno-Tech, Inc.Inc. Page v

I1 Research, Compilation andAnalysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data December 2001 Offshore of the DonaldC. Cook Nuclear Plant

.U LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of Temperature and Bathymetry Data Sources U Table 2. Characteristics of Water Intakes in the Vicinity of the Cook Plant Table 3. Temperature Database Contents .U Table 4. Cook Intake Temperatures, 1988 - 1998 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS . Raw EEGLE Program Temperature Profiles . NOAA Bathymetry in Vicinity of the Cook Plant I

S: ýCOOK2 Phasel_reportcPhzasel-report_091701.doc Page iv Limno-Tech, Inc.Inc. Page iv

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the DonaldC. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

Limno-Tech, Inc. (LTI) was contracted by the Indiana Michigan Power Company, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant (contract no. A-18089) to conduct an analysis of thermal stratification and bathymetry offshore of the Cook Plant. The scope of work for this study consists of two phases: Phase 1, which involves acquisition and analysis of all available temperature and bathymetry data, and Phase 2, a data-gathering effort that fills key data gaps identified under Phase 1. This report describes the results of the Phase 1 work, including extensive research into available temperature and bathymetry datasets available for the Cook plant area, preparation of a temperature and bathymetry database, statistical and graphical analysis of temperature data, and GIS mapping of bathymetry.

A search for temperature data identified few datasets in the vicinity of the Cook plant that describe the complete vertical profile and cover the warm summer months of interest for a re-siting of the Cook water intake. Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study data was limited to six cruises performed in 1994 and 1995, providing only a snapshot of thermal structure in the summer period. More recent data from the Episodic Events- Great Lakes Experiment (EEGLE) program jointly sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) provides a more complete dataset, with 25 summer (1999-2000) temperature profiles conducted along transects in the immediate vicinity of the plant.

These data form the basis of the analysis of temperature presented in this report.

Although the available temperature data is spatially and temporally limited, a preliminary evaluation of mean temperatures and of the probabilities of non exceedance of various temperature thresholds was performed. The data indicate a well-developed thermocline for the summer and early fall months considered (June September), with the greatest uncertainty in estimated mean temperatures observed in the nearshore area (<5 kmi). The uncertainty in estimated temperatures in this area is a function of both real variability in nearshore temperatures, and uncertainty due to limited data. It should also be emphasized that this analysis is based on two years of data (1999 and 2000), and cannot represent true year-to-year variability.

A review of available bathymetry dhta identified a whole-lake bathymetry dataset compiled by NOAA in 1996 as the most comprehensive and well-reviewed dataset currently available. This dataset compiles bathymetry data from multiple sources over the last 50 years. Recent surveys conducted in the immediate vicinity of the Cook plant include an Army Corps of Engineers Survey of nearshore bathymetry conducted in 1997, and a University of Michigan study that measured bathymetry along a single transect near the Cook plant 9 times from 1988 to 2000.

Both of the more recent bathymetry datasets were focused on the nearshore area 1-2 kilometers out, and both indicate significant change in bathymetry in the early to mid 1990's, possibly due to a restructuring of the nearshore lake bottom in response to lowered Great Lakes levels during this period. Depths at greater distance from shore Limno-Tech, Inc. Page ESb- I

L Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data I Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001

(>5 km), as indicated by the EEGLE program data, do not appear to have changed substantially during this period.

1 Based on this analysis, specific recommendations for further work are as follows:

1. Consider having Chris Ransome and Associates, Inc. (CRA) conduct additional bathymetry surveys along transect lines running offshore of the L

Cook Plant to confirm the bathymetry map, while CRA is onsite for the discharge structure survey next year (2002). [l

2. Collect water temperature profile data during the warm weather months along a transect offshore of the Cook Plant next year, focusing on the first 7 kilometers offshore as indicated by the data analysis presented here.

3. Consider use of predicted thermal profiles from the GLERL hydrodynamic L model, which are now available for the EEGLE program data collection period. I Limno-Tech, Inc. Page ES-2

Research, Compilationand Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001

1. INTRODUCTION Limno-Tech, Inc. (LTI) was contracted by the Indiana Michigan Power Company, Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant (contract no. A-18089) to conduct an analysis of thermal stratification and bathymetry offshore of the Cook Plant. The scope of work for this study consists of two phases. Phase 1 is the compilation and analysis of existing bathymetry and thermal stratification data offshore of the Cook Plant. The technical approach to conducting Phase 1, involves the following tasks:

Task 1 -Identify, acquire, and compile relevant data Task 2 - Prepare database of temperature and bathymetry data.

Task 3 - Statistical and graphical analysis of temperature data Task 4 - GIS mapping of bathymetry Phase 2 is intended to fill key gaps in bathymetric or temperature data identified in Phase 1.

This report describes the work done under Phase 1, including a description of the available data, an analysis of water temperature and bathymetry data, and recommendations for targeting Phase 2 data gathering efforts.

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Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 I

2. DATA COMPILATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

LTI has extensively researched potential data sources for thermal stratification and bathymetry data offshore of the Cook Plant. We have contacted numerous potential L

data sources, including government agencies, academic institutions, municipalities, and contractors, and have a good understanding of what data exist and are relevant to the Phase 1 data analysis. A summary of all data sources contacted and datasets is A

presented in Table 1. The most useful and relevant sources of data are described in more detail below. A 2.2 WATER TEMPERATURE DATA SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY There are relatively few thermal stratification data available for locations near the Cook Plant. Identified datasets included:

"* Mapping of the discharge plume in the late 1970's

"* Bottom water temperature recorded at various intakes along Lake Michigan in the vicinity of Cook Plant.

4

"* EPA Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study (LMMB) data in 1994 and 1995. 1

"* NOAA/NSF Episodic Events - Great Lakes Experiment (EEGLE) program data for 1999 - 2000. [

The 1970s discharge mapping data provide relevant information, but are of limited use to this study because the data were collected inshore of the intake location where thermal stratification is likely different than for offshore locations.

A Water intake temperature data from several water treatment plants was received from Blair Zordell of the Cook Plant via email (Zordell, 2001). These data are daily water 4

intake temperatures for 5 locations along the Lake Michigan shoreline spanning the period 1968 to 1998, including the Bridgman intake (68-98), New Buffalo (73-98),

Lake Township (88-98), and St. Joseph (68-98). Continuous records are not available for all intakes over this period. A summary of the characteristics of the intakes and temperature data collection methods is presented in Table 2. I Limno-Tech, Inc. Page 2 1

December 2001 Reserc'h. Conipilation,and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bi/h)'i etrical Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Table 1. Potential data sources investigated in compilation of relevant datasets for water temperature and bathymetry.

AGENCY No.

Agency Name George Great Lakes Environmental leshkevich(,,olerl.noaa.qov, none 9119/01 water temperature data (referred us to USEPA, LMMB for data)

Leshkevich and mccormick(o),gerl.noaa.gov Research Lab (GLERL)

Mike McCormick 2 Grat Lkes nvirnmhyalrodynaicg 9113/01 model results hydrodynamic multiple grid points offshore Schwab. David J 734-741-2120 David.J.Schwabt,,noaa.qov Agency Files eGreat

__Research LabEnvironmental Lakes (GLERL) modeling____________I__

3 Sea Grant Ben Sherman 301-262-5495 shermananasw.org none 9/13/01 (referred us to USEPA, LMMB or GLERL)

C oo wtr cooling intakewater C ook plant intake pipe Cook lantJohn 1ar1s (6 3 n/61-465-5901 Cook Plant John Carlson 6169013/1 files temperature monitoring Great Lakes National Glen Warren, arren plennfte a Qov water LMMB data Vertical temperature profiles Program Office (GLNPO) - 312-886-2405 warrvmeasured at various locations in LMMB data Ken Klewin klewin.kenneth(6epa,.qov Agency Files 9/13/01 temperature support Lake Mich.

. oAssessment o Multiple transect surveys along 6 of Mich. Marine G 734-764-5235 meadowsuich.edu Department 91301 bathymetry coastal Engineering Dept. u Files erosion west Michigan shoreline Agency Files 9/14101 bathymeterey Lake Michigaen County, vicinity ol BerenCutyfi Engineersy Engineers

. (Corp (USACE) Phillip Ross 313-226-4761 Phillip.C.Ross(,LRE02.usace.army.mil 7

8s-w- web site 9114/01 water 8 USGS mi NWISWeb Data inguiries(fusgs.qov temperature Agency Files Assessment of Lake Michigan shoreline b/w (508)548- e 9/26/01 bathymetry coastal Michiana, IN and Benton Harbor, 9 USGS David Foster dfosterussovAge erosion Mi conducted in May '91 8700 Ext. 271 d and report waterleEducationalrVery few bottom temperature Grand Valney Staie W r 616-895 4 w Educational data, no locations near Cook 10 Resources Insititute (WRI) Janet Vail 616-895-3749 vailil.avsu.edu web site 9/13/01 temperature Plant 11 City of St. Joseph Mike O"Malley ilmcomalley@qtm.net LTI received this data from Blair Zordell, Cook Plant.

12 Lake Township LTI received this data from Blair Zordell, Cook Plant.

U. of Mich. Civil and 13 Envirnmental Engineering Peter Adriaenes adriaens(cumich.edu none 9/18/01 Dept.

David Divins 303-497-6505 David. Divins,,noaaq.cov CDROM NOAAN n p a-Great Lakes Bathymetry soundings data and 14 D at ional Ge c a purchased 9/17/01 bathymetery Data Rescue depth contour maps for Lk Mich Data Center (NGDC) Robbin (ordering) 303-497-6338 from web site Ohio State University Civil 15 and Environmental Eng. Keith Bedford kbedford(amaqnus.acs.ohlo-state.edu none 9/18/01 Dept. I 1 1 16 MDEQ Great Lakes Coastal Kathy 517-373-1950 none 9/20/01 na Programs Cunningham 1 _ _ _I__ _I Page 3 Limno-Tech, Inc.

December 2001 Rcse'arch. Compihution. and Analysis of Thermal Profile and 1th/vinetricalData Offshore of the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant AGENCY Agency Name" ..

Great Lakes Information Christine Network (a Division of Great Manninen Lakes Commission) none 9/20/01 na 18 ResourcesDept.

Michigan of Natrual Fisheries Division Lin 517-373-1280 survey of local vicinity of discharge, annual 19 Conestoga Rovers and Chris Ransom 520-282-3280 crasedonalsedona.net not applicable 9/18/01 Bathymetry discharge over past 7 years Associates (Arizona) structure Agency Files 10/25/01 temperature fish studies 20m depth at St. Joseph 20 Great Lakes Environmental Steve Pothoven (231)755-9603 oothoven(..iled.noaa.Oov temperature_________________

__Research Lab (GLERL) ________

US Environmental Protection Ron Rossmann (734)692-7612 rossmann.ronald(,epamail.epa.qov none 10/19/01 21 Agency Barry(630)252- bmleshtanov none 1011901 Argonne National Laboratory 22 lIIonois) 4208 23 Great Lakes Environmental Nathan Hawley (734) 741- hawlevY(cqlerl.noaa.qov none 10/19101 Research Lab (GLERL) 2273 Agency Files 10119/01 water Various locations in the southern (EEGLE Greg Lang 741-24 Great Lakes Environmental 2250 study) temperature basin of Lake Michigan Research Lab (GLERL) 25 University of Wisconsin Clifford Mortimer (414) 291- none 10/19/01 Milwaukee (Retired) 9548 (home 26 St. Cloud State, St. Cloud, Matt Julius miulius(,stcloudstate.edu no response 10119/01 MN yet ___ ___

Cook Plant discharge plume 27 mapping data conducted for LTI had this data in archive files from previous modeling work conducted for the Cook Plant.

the Slate of Michigan.

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Research, Comifilation, and Anal~tsis of Thermal Profile and Btlhymetrical Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 Table 2. Water Plant System Descriptions.

"Bldiia' S t. Joep , e~uffalo ~ Cook intak~e ~ ,L~ke Twp.

Intake Crib Length (Feet from shore) 84 1500 3000 2250 3300 Intake Crib Depth (feet) 5* 15 35 22 33 Approximate time of sample 1100 700 1000 1/min max 1 per 2 hrs Average Daily sample Y/N n n n y y Single Daily sample Y/N y y y n n Temperature Measurement type Mercury Thermometer Thermocouple Mercury Thermometer Thermocouple Thermocouple Manual reading Y/N y y y n y Automatic download Y/N n n n y n Location of measurement device 0.25 miles 1500 ft 0.5 miles 2250 ft 1 mile 1968, 1969 16,991968 to 1998 1973, 1988 18.19 1988, 1991 Years of data looked at 1973, 1988 1991, 1995 1968 to 1998 (Used to determine 7 71991Ma1toSp31 19 88 1988 to 1998 1995 95 1998 (May 1to Sep. 31) hottest years) 1998 May I to Sep. 31 May ito Sep31 1998 May 1 to Sep 31 Year data collect started Prior to 1968 Can go back to 1915 Commenced operation in Started collection of Commenced operation 1970 intake temperatures in late 1970's in 1988 Comments *This intake is buried 12 ft in the Good Data set, but near NB is not constant flow, another Some data may be A long distance through sand, and in water of 6 ft in mouth of SJ river, long distance to travel to water manually taken, or read buried pipe before temps are depth. plant. three times per day when taken.

the computer is OOS.

NOTES ON DATA COLLECTION METHOD: The City of St. Joseph data set was used to determine the 5 hottest years for 3 sets of data. I. Highest single day, 2. Highest 5 day, 3 I lighest 30 clay series. These years were placed in a list. The list included 7 years because the hottest 5 years were different in each category. This method would enable tis to pinpoint the hottest years in the 1968 to 1998 data search without searching all 30 years. Also, the months of May through September were targeted to further reduce the database size without impacting potential high temperature datapoints.

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Research, Compilationand Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 The LMMB data included thermal profiles for 6 days during 1994-1995 at 4 locations in the general vicinity of Cook Plant (Figure 1). At the 4 stations in the general vicinity of the Cook Plant, measurements are available for only 6 days and for only 2 days during what the critical months of June through September. The measurements were collected during sampling cruises in 1994 and 1995, which spanned a period of days (specific locations were measured once during a cruise). The dates on which these measurements were conducted are:

1994: May 9-10, August 25-26, and November 3-5 1995: March 26, August 10-14, and October 12-13 These data can be used to provide some indication of thermocline position and bottom temperature. The data are presented and discussed in greater detail in Section 4 of this report.

The primary dataset used in this study is from the Episodic Events: Great Lakes Experiment (EEGLE) program, a project sponsored by National Science Foundation and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) administered through NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab (GLERL). As part of the EEGLE project, conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) were obtained at specific stations throughout Lake Michigan. Each CTD cast includes temperature measurements taken at a range of depths from the water surface to the lake bottom for a specific location and date.

EEGLE program CTD casts were conducted primarily along two transects located in the vicinity of the Cook plant (Figure 1). Casts were made in 1999 and 2000, with a total of 25 CTD casts available for the June - September time period of primary interest for this study. This dataset is complete enough to allow preliminary calculation of average temperatures at various depth intervals and probability of exceedance of temperature thresholds of interest. Presentation of the data and a detailed analysis are described in the Section 4 of this report.

2.3 BATHYMETRIC DATA SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY There are extensive bathymetry data available along the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan from many historical surveys. The primary sources of data considered in this study include:

" NOAA composite bathymetry map integrating data from many different sources up to 1996.

" An extensive survey of nearshore bathymetry conducted in 1997 by the USACOE.

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I Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 I

A series of lepeat surveys along a single trackline running offshore near the Cook Plant over the period 1988-2000 by the University of Michigan Ocean I

Engineering Laboratory 4 The NOAA whole- lake bathymetry contour map for Lake Michigan is a composite of bathymetry data gathered from many sources (Holcombe et al., 1996). LTI obtained this map in GIS format and all individual depth soundings used to develop the depth 4

contours. The NOAA map was produced in 1996 and integrates data from as early as 1938 and as recently as 1994. However, some recently collected data is excluded, including an extensive USACOE survey performed in 1997 as part of the U.S. Great 4

Lakes Shoreline Mapping Project (Foster, 1992), which was also obtained by LTI.

Differences between the two surveys are presented and discussed in greater detail in j Section 5.

Data obtained from the University of Michigan Ocean Engineering Laboratory (Meadows, 1998) documents significant changes in bottom elevation over time. Dr.

4 Meadows participated in the State of Michigan Coastal Monitoring Program that conducted repeat surveys of transects up and down the west coast of Michigan over the period 1988 to 2000, including the transect near the Cook Plant shown in Figure 1 4

(Transect UM07). Comparison of the re-survey data suggests large changes in bottom elevation occurred at this location as far as 1500 feet offshore, possibly related to recent water level declines in the Great Lakes. These data are discussed in 4

greater detail in Section 5.

Chris Ransome of Chris Ransome & Associates, Inc. (CRA) has performed annual surveying of bathymetry around the Cook Plant discharge structure (Ransome, 2001).

Because these data are limited in spatial extent and are inshore of the existing intake structure, they were not included as part of this investigation. However, if the 4

observed changes in bathymetry are judged to be of importance, it may be cost effective to have CRA perform any additional surveys that may be conducted under Phase 2 of this project while on site next year for the annual survey of the discharge I

structure.

2.4 OTHER POTENTIALLY USEFUL DATA While the available temperature data is sufficient for drawing some preliminary conclusions about the location of the thermocline, the data is not sufficient for making statistically testable observations about expected temperatures over the period of interest. A possible means for leveraging the available data would be through the use of the Great Lake Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) hydrodynamic model of Lake Michigan (Beletsky and Schwab, 2001). This model provides a continuous hindcast of temperatures in the vicinity of the Cook plant intake on a 2 km I

grid for the years 1998, 1999, and 2000. Validation of the model against the EEGLE study data, the primary dataset ised in this study, is currently being undertaken by Limn-Tec, Ic. Pge Linino-Tech, Inc. Page 7

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 GLERL. Validated model results could be used to improve our understanding of the time variability of temperatures in the vicinity of the intake and the susceptibility of thermal structure to disruption by weather events.

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I Research, Compilationand Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 I

3. DATABASE 3.1 DATABASE DESCRIPTION L All temperature and bathymetry datasets used in this study have been compiled electronically and saved on the included CD. Each data source has been documented with relevant information such as date of study, parameters of interest, and any L

relevant technical notes.

3.2 DATABASE CONTENTS 3.2.1 Water Temperature Data 4 As noted above, the EEGLE program data was the primary dataset used in this study.

All data obtained for the purposes of this evaluation are contained on the report CD in.1 the EEGLE program data directory. The raw data can be browsed by double clicking on the file:

EEGLEprogramdata\ctd\data\eegle .ctd.html A subset of the data selected based on proximity to the Cook plant, season, and downtime of Cook units #1 and #2 can be found in: A EEGLEprogramdata\lti_eval\ctddata.xls Table 3 summarizes the contents of the LTI evaluation database, which contains tabulated data, analyses, and some graphical presentation of the data. The first worksheet contains the temperature data table, which displays all of the data used from the EEGLE study for the temperature profiles. Included in the table is the CTD 4

identifier, distance of CTD from shore, date cast was made, and temperature and depth measurements. Following the temperature data table, the temperature profile for each CTD cast is presented in graphical form. Thermocline characteristics for each CTD were obtained from these temperature profile graphs. These characteristics include average temperature above and below the thermocline, average depth at the thermocline, average temperature at the thermocline, and temperature range of the thermocline. Following the temperature profiles is a table summarizing the thermocline characteristics for each CTD.

The database also includes CTD cast comparisons and preliminary data analysis, described in Section 4 of this report.

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Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 Table 3: Temperature Database Contents Worksheet Worksheet Name Format Description Order I Read me Documentation of source 2 CTD temperature data Table CTD, distance from shore, date, depth and temperature measurements 3 J15, J20,....,SJRM Graphs Temperature profile graphs 4 Thermocline Table Table Thermocline characteristics for each CTD temperature profile 5 J&NB transect comparisons Graphs CTD cast comparisons between different locations (same date and offshore distance) 6 20degC, 18degC,..., 5degC Graphs Interpolated temperature plotted with respect to depth and distance offshore In addition to the EEGLE program data, intake temperatures at the Cook plant and other area water treatment plant intakes were reviewed to provide a description of current conditions. This data is included in the following folder:

Intaketemp data\

3.2.2 Bathymetry Data The NOAA bathymetry data is included in the project CD as a series of text files containing all soundings used to develop depth contours. This raw data can be found in:

NOAAbathymetry data\raw_data Also include is an abbreviated version of the NOAA data, containing only soundings in the vicinity of the Cook plant. This data is included in:

NOAAbathymetrydata\cook_area_data Although bathymetry data from the USACOE survey was not incorporated into the bathymetry maps used in this study, the data is included for reference on the project CD as:

USACOE-bathymetrydata\rawda ta Page 10 Limno-Tech, Inc. Pa,-,e 10

I Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathym etric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 I

4. WATER TEMPERATURE DATA ANALYSIS I

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Water temperature data described in the previous sections were analyzed to characterize the current temperatures seen at the intake and the distribution of temperatures offshore. This &ction describes the analyses performed, considering intake temperature data at Cook and other area water treatment plants, Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study data, and the EEGLE program data. I 4.2 WATER TREATMENT PLANT INTAKES As part of a review of current performance of the Cook plant intake, temperature data at the Cook intake and at water treatment plant intakes at Lake Township, New Buffalo, St. Joseph, and Bridgman were analyzed. The monthly average Cook Plant intake water temperatures for the period 1988 to 1998 are shown in Table 4. The data show four months, June - September, in which temperatures are significantly elevated. These months form the critical period that is the focus of this study.

Table 4. Monthly average Cook Plant water intake temperatures (1988 to 1998).

j Month Mean Temp +/- 95% CI (DF)

January 36.0 +/- 0.68 February 36.5 +/- 0.84 I March 41.1 +/- 0.77 April 47.3 +/- 0.69 May 54.9 +/- 0.64 June 62.1 +/- 0.66 I July 69.4 +/- 0.98 August 70.9 +/- 0.70 September 66.9 +/- 0.56 October 56.9 +/- 1.16 November 47.6 +/- 2.15 December 38.3 +/- 0.76 Pace II Limno-Tech, Inc.

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Research, Compilation andAnalysis of ThermalProfile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 Figure 2 shows a time-series comparison of water treatment plant intake temperature data to the Cook Plant intake temperatures. As shown in the figure, availability of data varies, with data for all locations available only for periods in 1988, 1991, 1995, and 1998 (shown in inset plots). All intakes show a similar pattern of increase to peak temperatures in July/August, and apparent correlation between temperature data at each of the intakes.

Correlation plots for the Cook data and the four water treatment plant intakes is shown in Figure 3 (a and b) for the 1995 and 1998 summer data, respectively (June September). The Cook data appears to be most strongly correlated with data from the St. Joseph intake, located approximately 10 miles to the north and similar depth of water (15 ft at St. Joseph compared with 22 feet at Cook). The Cook data is much more weakly correlated with the Bridgman intake, which is in approximately 5 feet of depth, and with the New Buffalo intake, located approximately 16 miles to the south.

A moderate degree of correlation is observed for the Lake Township intake. Degree of correlation and differences (bias) between the datasets appears to be highly consistent across the 1995 and 1998 sarrpling periods, as evidenced by the similarity in slope and location of the fitted lines.

Summary descriptive statistics describing the Cook intake data are presented in Figure 4 (a-c), showing relevant statistics for the 1996, 1997, and 1998 summer periods. Intake temperatures are distributed between 45 and 80 degrees, with a consistent skew toward higher temperatures for all periods. Box and whisker plots are used to show parametric and non-parametric statistics describing the data. The upper line shows parametric statistics, including mean and confidence interval around the mean as a diamond, with a 95% range representing the extent of the data. The lower box and lines show non-parametric statistics as a line and notch representing the median and associated confidence interval, with the extent of the box showing the upper (7 5 th) and lower (2 5 th) percentiles of the data. Outliers are represented as '+'s (near) and 'o's (distant).

Normality plots at the bottom of the series of figures illustrate the typical departure from normality evident in the data, as evidenced by the clear non-linearity of the plots. This observation is confirmed by the Kologorov-Smirnov test for normality, which indicates a non-normal distribution (small p-values) for all three years. This means that in general, non-parametric statistics, such as the median and percentiles, will offer a better description of the data than parameters such as the mean and confidence intervals, as they make no assumption regarding the normality of the distribution. Median temperature observed in the three years range from 68 degrees in 1996 to 71 degrees in 1998.

4.3 LAKE MICHIGAN MASS BALANCE STUDY DATA A small number of temperature profiles were gathered in the vicinity of the Cook plant under the lake Michigan Mass Balance Study. Profiles collected under six LMMBS cruises are shown in Figure 5. Only a few of these profiles were sufficiently Lirnno-Tech, Inc. Pag-e t2

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant December 2001 I

deep to locate the thermocline. In general, though, the profiles show a well-developed thermocline at 15 - 20 meters of depth.

I 4.4 EEGLE STUDY DATA 4.4.1 Selection of data for analysis I The EEGLE study data was used to develop an understanding of the distribution of temperatures at locations offshore of the Cook plant, extending well beyond the current location of the intake. A subset of the complete dataset was selected to better represent conditions in the vicinity of the intake. Samples were restricted to the vicinity of the Cook plant, defined as 10 kilometers to the north and south, and 25 kilometers into the lake. Data was also restricted to late summer months only (June- A September), as this is the critical period during which elevated temperatures are typically observed at the intake. In addition to the seasonal restrictions, CTD measurements were only used from the period between September 9, 1997 (first available CTD cast) and June 25, 2000 (date Cook unit #1 came back on line). These I

dates fall within a period of time when the Cook Plant was not in operation, and reflect ambient Lake Michigan temperatures without interference from the Cook Plant effluent. By taking the above criteria into account, 25 CTD casts were included in I

our evaluation.

4.4.2 Preliminary analysis of data A preliminary analysis of the water temperature data was performed to show the interpolated vertical location of a range of temperature thresholds for each cast. Plots 4

were produced for the temperature range of 40"F to 70'F at 5' intervals, plotted as a function of both distance and depth (Figure 6 a-g). For these plots, distance offshore is determined by the location of the CTD cast, and the depth to the temperature of I

interest is interpolated from each CTD cast. Points plotted at zero depth represented CTDs with a temperature range completely below the specific interpolated temperature, and conversely, points plotted at lake bottom represented CTDs with a temperature range completely above the specific interpolated temperature. The water temperature data for this analysis was taken from CTD casts taken along the J transect, which constitutes the majority of casts available (21 of 25).

I The plots of interpolated depth provide a clear initial representation of water temperature stratification in Lake Michigan near the Cook Plant, showing clear stratification at the J transect.

4.4.3 Appropriateness of Data for Cook Plant Offshore Area The J transect is located near St. Joseph, approximately 20 kilometers north of the current Cook plant intake, requiring an assumption that temperature observations made at this location would be similar to those observed offshore of the Cook Plant.

Comparison of the currept Cook intake data with the intake at St. Joseph, as described above, shows a high degree of correlation between the two intakes, which are also Limn-Tec, In. Pa~e I Limno-Tech, Inc. Page 13

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant December 2001 located in similar depth of water. In order to further test the appropriateness of extending observations at the J transect to the Cook Plant vicinity, comparisons were made between CTD casts located on the J transect and casts located south of the Cook Plant inlet (shown with an "NB" designation on Figure 1). This comparison was performed to determine if similar temperature structures were observed along the two transects. Three such comparisons were performed on CTD casts that were taken on the same day and in the same water depth, and comparative profiles are shown in Figure 7. The comparison indicates very high consistency between the two transects, particularly at greater depth (30, 45 meters).

Based on the favorable comparison between CTD data at identical depths north and south of the Cook plant described above, it was assumed that temperature data collected at the J transect could be assumed to be representative, of the temperature structure offshore of the Cook plant. All subsequent evaluations described here were performed on Itransect data only, bit results were translated to a new transect extending northwest from the Cook plant, following the slope of the lake bottom.

4.4.4 Kriging Analysis To integrate all data from multiple locations and times into a single, pooled estimate of temperature structure, a least-square linear regression (kriging) interpolation method was used. The kriging technique uses all available data along the transect and at every depth increment to develop a continuous map that estimates temperature at all locations. The results presented here were developed using ordinary kriging, a method that allows predicted mean values of estimated temperature to vary in space.

A map of kriged temperatures is shown in Figure 8. The kriged temperature map shows a clearly developed thermocline at approximately 20 meters of depth, with substantial variability in both nearshore and offshore locations. It should be noted that the observed vertical spreading of the thermocline is results from both the actual shape of temperature profiles, as well as artificial dispersion ("smearing") of the thermocline due to averaging of multiple profiles from different sampling events.

Consequently, the kriged temperature map presented here does not represent any "most likely" thermocline structure at a point in time, but rather a composite picture of all temperatures likely to be seen at a given location.

For purposes of re-siting the Cook plant intake, it is valuable to reinterpret the data in terms of probability of exceedence of various temperature thresholds. To accomplish this, an indicator kriging method was used. This method essentially converts the temperature data into indicator variables, which take on a value of 1 if they are below a certain critical threshold, and 0 if they are above the threshold. Ordinary kriging of the resulting transformed data produces a map of the probability of non-exceedance of the threshold.

Indicator kriging plots are shown in Figure 9 (a-g) for thresholds ranging from 40 70 degrees F by increments of 5 degrees. Areas of high probability of non-Limno-Tech, Inc. Pagle Lt4

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant December 2001 I

exceedance are shaded blue, while low-probability areas are shaded light blue to white.

I Temperatures along the bottom of the lake are of most interest for the re-siting of the intake. The probability maps shown in Figure 9 were sampled along the lake bottom I

to give an estimate of probability of non-exceedance with depth and distance for each of the thresholds examined. Figure 10 shows a plot of these probabilities as a function of distance from the Cook plant, showing a highly variable distance I

temperature relationship in the first 3-4 kilometers from shore, and better definition of the distance-temperature relationship at approximately 5 kilometers into the lake.

Figure I1 shows a second plot of probability as a function of water depth, similarly showing highly variable probabilities in the first 15-20 meters of depth. 4 4.4.5 Limitations of this Analysis While the probability plots shown in Figure 10 and 11 provide a useful description of recent Cook plant-area thermal structure, it is important to recognize the important I

limitations of this dataset and analysis. Data used to generate the kriged probability maps used in this analysis span only two years (1999-2000), and includes only 25 sampling events, each of which only provides a single vertical profile. The temperature structure that is represented here is representative only of conditions that prevailed during these sampling periods, and could change significantly under1 different wind conditions, different lake water levels, or different levels of solar radiation. A primary function of the analysis of this sparse dataset should be to identify areas where additional data collection could improve the certainty with which predictions of future intake water temperature can be estimated.

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Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001

5. BATHYMETRY MAPPPING

5.1 INTRODUCTION

As described in Section 3.2.2, the primary source of bathymetry data for this study was the NOAA composite bathymetry map completed in 1996, which incorporates many sources of data compiled over the previous 60 years. Other sources of data collected since the NOAA mapping include an extensive survey of nearshore bathymetry conducted in 1997 by the US Army Corps of Engineers, and a series of repeat surveys conducted along a transect near the Cook plant by the University of Michigan Ocean Engineering Laboratory. This section describes the results of these surveys, presents the current best estimate of water depths, and makes recommendations regarding further data collection.

5.2 DATA INTEGRATION Under their New Buffalo survey, the US Army Corps of Engineers collected bathymetry data offshore of the Cook plant in 1997. The survey used the Corps' SHOALS (Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey) system, and targeted an offshore distance of approximately 1-2 kilometers. The results of the survey are shown in Figure 12 as calculated differences between the NOAA survey and the USACOE survey. Observed differences between the two surveys vary significantly for areas south of the Cook plant, where differences are on the order of 2.5 meters (increasing), to areas north of the plant, where differences are of similar magnitude but decreasing.

The observed changes cannot be attributed directly to changes in lake level during this period, as the changes are not consistent throughout the survey area. However, it is possible that changes in Lake Michigan levels observed during this period have resulted in a shift in the depositional/erosional equilibrium in the offshore areas.

Unfortunately, the COE data is insufficient to draw any conclusions regarding changes in depth further offshore.

The question of changing bottom elevations in the vicinity of the plant is also addressed by a series of 9 repeat surveys performed by the University of Michigan over the period from 1988 to 2000. Surveys were conducted along a transect located approximately 6 kilometers north of the Cook plant, and extending to a maximum distance of 1 kilometer offshore. The results of the surveys indicate a major change in bottom surface elevation between 1991 and 1996, with differences of as much as 10 feet in some locations (Figure 13). These observations, along with the COE data, suggest that changes in Great Lakes water levels over this period have resulted in a major coastal readjustment of bottom sediment elevation in the nearshore areas. As with the COE data, the data is insufficient to draw conclusions about changes in bottom elevation further offshore.

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Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 For depth further offshore, the EEGLE temperature dataset provides a check on the NOAA bathymetry. EEGLE CTD casts are located along a transect extending

{

northwest from Benton Harbor, and stations are named according to the depth of water in which the cast was taken. The year 1999-2000 depths indicated by the CTDL samples, as shown in Figure 1, show very good correspondence with the pre-1996 NOAA bathymetry. I The EEGLE depth data suggests that the changes observed in the more recent surveys are limited to the near-shore areas. However, it is not clear at what distance from shore the lake bottom becomes stable. The observed changes indicate a need to perform an updated bathymetry survey for the Cook plant offshore area, extending beyond the 1-2 kilometer range of the COE and UM datasets. Specific recommendations are discussed in Section 6. [

5.3 BATHYMETRY MAP FOR OFFSHORE COOK PLANT I While recent datasets collected by the Corps of Engineers and The University of Michigan indicate significant recent changes in nearshore bathymetry, the NOAA dataset appears to be the best set of data for the Cook plant area. As the COE and UM data only describes areas generally inshore of the current Cook plant intake I

structure, these data were not used to update the NOAA bathymetry.

The NOAA bathymetry map is presented as Figure 14 and as a rolled map attached to this report.

Page [7 Limno-Tech, Inc.

Lirnno-Tech, Inc. Page 17

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant December 2001

6. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on this analysis, recommendations for further work are as follows:

1. Consider having Chris Ransome and Associates, Inc. (CRA) conduct additional bathymetry surveys along transect lines running offshore of the Cook Plant to confirm the bathymetry map, while CRA is onsite for the discharge structure survey next year (2002).

2. Collect water temperature profile data during the warm weather months along a transect offshore of the Cook Plant next year, focusing on the first 7 kilometers offshore as indicated by the data analysis presented here.

3. Consider use of predicted thermal profiles from the GLERL hydrodynamic model, which are available for the EEGLE program data collection period.

These recommendations are discussed in more detail below.

6.1 BATHYMETRY The NOAA whole-lake bathymetry dataset developed in 1996 provides a detailed description of water depths in the vicinity of the Cook plant, and the relevant data are provided to the Cook Plant with this report. Use of this data for planning assumes that significant changes in the lake bottom have not occurred since 1996. However, the findings of the University of Michigan study regarding the degree of bottom alteration in the nearshore areas that has occurred in the late 1990s suggests that a re survey of bathymetry may be justified. We recommend that the Cook Plant consider collection of additional bathymetry data, perhaps in several straight-line transects running offshore of the existing cooling water intakes while contractors are on-site next summer surveying the Cook Plant discharge structure. An ideal transect would follow the steepest bottom gradient, maximizing depth with the minimum length of

'pipe.

6.2 TEMPERATURE The primary limitation of this analysis is spatially and temporally sparse temperature data in the vicinity of the Cook plant. Re-siting of the Cook intake, currently located 2250 feet out from shore, will be limited by economic constraints, and would ideally be targeted for a distance 5000 meters out or less. The relationship between probability of non-exceedance of temperature thresholds and distance developed in this report (Figure 11) is very uncertain in this nearshore area, reflecting both the variability in temperature in this area and uncertainty due to the very sparse data used to generate the plots. Further data collection efforts should be primarily focused on the nearshore area, and should extend beyond the maximum feasible distance to a re-Limno-Tech, Inc. rage 13

Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Batkymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 I

sited intake to allow more accurate mapping of temperatures and related probabilities of exceedance. Sampling should also extend over a period of time long enough to be I

representative of the range of wind, current and solar radiation conditions that will drive the thermal structure offshore of the plant. Accordingly, we recommend:

"* Anchored-buoy deployment of a series of thermistor chains extending out to 7 km, with one-meter vertical resolution.

"* Collection of data over the summer/early fall period (June - September) that currently shows higher temperatures in the intake data.

This data collection effort could be supported by a review of GLERL hydrodynamic model simulation results describing the Cook-area thermal profile. GLERL model simulations have been completed for 1998, 1999, and 2000 on a 2 km grid, and will be validated against the EEGLE data used in this study over the coming year. Use of these model results could provide the following benefits:

"* The model results can be obtained on a daily basis continually for warm weather months of the year and for multiple years, providing a more complete time series of temperatures than possible with monitoring only.

"* The model results can be used to illustrate the effect of unusual weather conditions on thermal structure in the vicinity of the plant, allowing a better I

understand ing of the susceptibility of the intake temperatures to such events.

"* The model results provide a basis to evaluate how the thermal structure may have changed over time due to lower lake level conditions (and indicate what conditions might exist should lake levels rise).

6.3 RELATED ISSUES The ability to draw cooler water from a re-sited intake may be affected by other issues not considered in this study. Some issues to consider include:

Potential warming of the intake water as it is transported through a longer I intake pipe. A heat transfer analysis could be performed to estimate the impact of such warming on temperature of water reaching the plant.

Disruption of the thermocline in the vicinity of the intake. Drawing large amounts of water in close proximity t) the thermocline could result in de stabilization of the thermal structure, resulting in higher mixed temperatures at the intake. Hydrodynamic modeling of the intake structure and nearby thermal gradients could help in assessing the importance of this issue, and could guide design of a new intake structure that minimizes disruption of the thermocline.

Page 19 Limno-Tech, Inc.Inc. P ag-e t 9

Research, Compilationand Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook NuclearPlant December 2001

7. REFERENCES Beletsky, D. and Schwab, D.J., 2001. Modeling Circulation and Thermal Structure in Lake Michigan: Annual Cycle and Interannual Variability. Journal of Geophysical Research: 106(C9): 19745-19771.

Foster, D.S. et al. May 1992. U.S. Great Lakes Shoreline Mapping Project Preliminary Results of a pilot study conducted between St. Joseph, Michigan and Michigan City, Indiana. USGS Open File Report 92 Holcombe, T.L., Reid, D.F., Virden, W.T., Niemeyer, T.C., De la Siarra, R., and D.L.

Divins, 1996. Bathymetry of Lake Michigan. World Data Center A for Marine Geology and Geophysics Report MGG- 11.

Meadows A.L. et al. May 1998. State of Michigan Coastal Monitoring Program Final Report. Prepared for the State of Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Lansing, Michigan.

Ransome, 2001. Personal Communication with Chris Ransom, CRA via teleconference with Mike Erickson, Todd Redder, and Kristen Chaffin. 9/18/01.

CRA, Sedona, AZ. Ph: (5201 282-3280 Zordell, 2001. Email to Mike Erickson from Blair Zordell (bkzordell(@,aep.com).

Subject:

RE: Lake Michigan intake and discharge temps . Tuesday, 9/18/2001 9:49 AM

?age .U Limno-Tech, Inc. Page 20

Ii Research, Compilation and Analysis of Thermal Profileand Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 I.

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December 2001 Data Research, Compilation,and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Test Continuous summary descriptives Cook Plant data: 6-9/1997 (sorted) temp Date 1 17 October 2001 Performed by Tim Dekker nl 122 60 Mean 67.29 95% Cl 66.14 to 68.43 Variance 40.759 SD 6.384 SE 0.578 0r CV 9%

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I I I Research, Compilation, and Analysis of Thermal Profile and Bathymetric Data Offshore of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant December 2001 Interpolated Depth to 60'F Interpolated Depth to 65°F All CTD casts All CTD casts 0 0 20 20 40 40 60 0 <607-F 60 0.

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SUMMARY

2.1 INTRODUCTION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Subject:

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