ML20096E466
| ML20096E466 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Limerick  |
| Issue date: | 08/31/1984 |
| From: | Mulligan M LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION, INC. |
| To: | Rader CONNER & WETTERHAHN, PECO ENERGY CO., (FORMERLY PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC |
| References | |
| OL, NUDOCS 8409070080 | |
| Download: ML20096E466 (101) | |
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/- A u g u s & f31*, 1984 Re: LEA's Responses toIPECO Discovery Request on admit gd
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off-site emergency planning conten 84onSEP -4 u 44
- c In the. Matter of Philadelphia'Efactric Company. ~ ;. - .
. Docket No. 50-352, Limerick ilyf,:g(M f 3FANCP _
Dear'Mr. Rader,
Limerick Ecology Action hereby submits supplementary infor-tia' tion . in response to Phil adelphia Elec tric 's Interrogatories of June 25, 1984: a) Supplementary. answers to} Specific Interrogatories b) Further identification of documents in response to General
' Interrogatory #3 c) LEA's answer to-Philadelphia Electric Company's proposed stipulation of August 10, 1984
> d) Affidavit of Maureen Mulligan, as rer;u e s t ed In addition, several items identift in Li;.\ ' s August 6 and August'13, 1984 responses are being-included in this filing. They are as follow: 1(b) Mun_icipal. Survey responses 3(b) Notes'from. conversation with Limerick Twp. EMC 4(b) Notia's-fron conversa'cion with Robert Reber, Berks Co. Emergency
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Services' Director Ad d i' tion ~a l newsclippings and correspondence as follows 5(a) :Chester County Municipal'ities
- 5(b) Montgomery County Municipalities 5(d) School related 5(e) Misc. ,
We believe that this information is responsive to the concerns
-that you have expressed. Please contact me if you want to discuss this matter further.
840831 , Respectfully submitted, 05000g5 e j TDOC ., a
/
4 .
'A'un swAW[ DSc3 Maureen Mulligan, Vice President
U . r- . o. n,, o t ! LEA's Suppicmentary. Answers to
- - Philadelphia Electric Company's Interrogatories of June 25, 1984 CC'.rE'~~~
U L . . '. Gnneral Interrogatories #1 and #2: LEA has not b qq - e to contact Dr. Kai.Erikson to determine his avails 311-}74 1 ft!0 M5 to.give testimonyf'on contentions LEA-12, LEA-13, and LEA-15. He is-currently'a Professor a't Yale University;and.has a t
- Ph.D. in Sociolcgy. No specific discussions ab6utLIA.s;
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admitted contentions have taken place, although weJd6 intend. to contact him~in the near future. . General Interrogatory #3: In addition to the document list we have included in thia filing, Mr. Anthony is obtaining a copy of the " Draft General Management Plan" for Valley Forge '
. National Park, Nov. 1981. Pages 25 and 27 provide information relating to park usage and traffic peaks in the park. This information will be provided to you as soon as we receive it from Mr.'. Anthony.
Also, Upper Merion Township has a study that Mr. Anthony is . in the process of obtaining. He believes the title is: '
" Upper Merion Township Wide Study" Phase 1 - Township Overview Interim Report July 6, 1984 by Simpson and Curtin, Booz and Allen, and Hamilton Inc.
Mr. Anthony was not available by t e l e pim n e today to confirm whether or not he had obtained a copy from Upper Merion.Twp. yet,.but we do expect to have the informacion within the near future and will make it available to you. In addition, Philadelphia Electric Company has indicated that they would like.to have affidavits provided by Charles Elliott and Phyllis Zitzer stating that all information they'are aware. of has been provided to you as part of discovery. My affidavit refers to Mr. Elliott's preliminary conclusions and his intention to provide such an affidavit once he has reviewed this fiting. I was unable to obtain Ms. Zitzer's affidavit in time to include in today's filing, although she Fad similar concerns about wanting to review'this filing before preparing the affidavit to insure that I had included everything. I will send in the affidavit that you hav'e requested from her over the weekend. Spncific Interrogatories . 1(g). LEA does not believe that the agreements made with bus
.__ companies 1are' enf orceable and are de ficient because they fail to indicate even a minimum number of buses that will be provided.
p r 'Qt[actLonsdnJContention: Lna-zc/ pan _1 30: Traffic control.along Route _100 betwoun Routes 113 and Exton Mall _would be needed to prevent tra .ic from spontaneous' evacuees Hin Marchwood, Rhonnda, and the Whitford developments from entering Route'100 and impeding the flow of traffic to the_cuer-gency worker; staging arca at Pickering Creek Industrial Park, the . Exton Mall Reception; Center and the alternativa Municipal COC location at the Exton' Library. Information.about alternative rogtes to be used by these residents should be predistributed to avoid. traffic congestion in these critical areas. 29: LEA disagrees with the assumptions used in the HMM Evacuation
. Time _ Estimate Study involving " dynamic route selection" on p a .;e s 2-4 and 5-7. The " Priority Treatment" approach which understat.cs actual impacts- of traffic entering the main. evacuation routes .
without traffic control. Also, the alternative routes described on pa part of the plans and no provisions have been ~a madeforge 6-1 are not including their'use, traffic control. 32: -The HMM Evacuation Time. Estimate Study did not consider ~ ~~
,the_ transient. visitor population at V.ilicy Forge Park.
.Please note: The above answers were provided to me by David Stone, an LEA volunteer who has bcen working on this particular contention. I anticipate' LEA,designatin:. Mr. Anthony or Mr. Stone to handle this contention in the event that it is litigated. Our.
Sept. 6_ filing.will-inform you of the status of this. .
-No further information is availabic at this time.
iQunstions on Contention LEA-22 26/27: lIn'the. event that ?hiladelphia addce- Os the following concerns, we.believe that this contentioa can o- resolved without
.. l . litigation:
- 1) provide the total number of actual farmers in the E?Z to determine the number of units cf dosimetry necessary to provide to each' County Agent for distribution, including provisions for multiple re-entries and replenishment of supplies to the county agent to insure enough units are available to cover-farmers ovar a time period of *several days.
- 2) the definition of " livestock" should include fowl, horses,
-and. sheep. the term " farmer" should include people owning or
- operating farms, not. limited to USDA lists.
- 3) An informational brochure shculd be regularly mailed.to each farmer witn livestock _ explaining their status (as an emergency worker if necessary to tend to animals),
their rights, re-entry information and conditions, > location and distribution of dosimetry, and information relating to the effects of radiation exposure to humans and--animals.
- C pi . :
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Bus Driver.Trainian Deficiencie.i
- 18. Same as'for 16 in general turas, except t 'i c r drivers must be ingtructed in necesscry proccdures-
'in the. event.that they are involved ad multiple trips intoEthe E?Zf(irregardle-s of whether they return to evacuate-the general public or a special institution).
Bus drivers.should 'ae pre-assigned'to a particular
- . school and should.be familiar with their routes. This
.is especially important -if ~ buses are being brought.in to provide ~ assistance from outside the area and drivers are not familiar with local traffic patterns.
Bus drivers need to know how to dedi with contaninated individuals and equipment. a 22. In' general, theswillingness of bus drivers to participate will depend on:much the same information provided in asnwers to Interrogatories 4,8,and 21 in this~ filing.
-i Pre-identification of assignments and the training mattern addressed above are import &nt factors that LEA believes will affect a bus driver's willingness-
-to participate. It.is important that all those involved have given informed consent to: participate-andthat they have confidence in the workability of-the plans they arc to help carry out. Mobilization.
must'be accomplished quickly and.cificiently and ,t_h,ose involved'must have a full understanding of this. I. realize that there ire other issues that I stated that I would l . attempt address in this filing. but due to time constraints, these answers' provide all information presently known to LEA that I am aware of..I would be happy to discuss the matter with~you'more fully lat your convenience. Maureen Mulligan .
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t. t e I i. s
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-Documents--LEA will provide (*)
(0) : Evacuation-Behavior in Response to Nuclear Power Plant Accidents Donald Ziegler and James H. Johnson,' - Jr . e x, . , . . , published in Professional. Geography, 36(2) 207 215(copyri'ghgil984 ! by the Association of American' Geographers,May 1984) . Further Actions Needed to Improve Emergency Preparedulks 711edn@9Nue: lear iPever, Plants- , t. GA0/RCED-84-43 August 1, 1984 Report to Congress, Goyernment Accounting Office 3 9 ;,f ~
'Public Protection Strategies for Potential Nuclear Reactor Accidents:
Sheltering Concepts with Existing Public and Private Structures l David Aldrich, David ~M. Ericson, Jr., and Jay D. Johnson Prepared for Sandia Laboratories, Albequerque, New Mexico, Printed 1978 SAND 77-1725 Inhalation of' Particulate Matter into Buildings - A.F. Cohen and B. L. Cohen, University of Pittsburgh, Nov. 1979 Scudia Laboratories, Albequerque New Mexico SAND 79-2079/NUREG/CR-1151 Protective Action Evaluation, Part I and Part 2 _The1 Effectiveness of Sheltering as a Protective Action Against . Nuclear Accidents Involving Gaseous Releases, George Anno / Michael Dore
- EPA 520/1-78-001A, April 1978
, Final Report on a Social Survey of Three Mile Island Area Residents Stanley Brunn, James Johnson,-Jr.,-Donald 7,iegler Dapt. of. Geography, Michigan State University, August 1979
' Examination of'Off-Site Emergency Protective Measures for Core Melt Accidents (Sandia Laboratories /M.I.T./ Dept. of Engineering) -
Please-note, we have not yet reviewed most of these documents - in order to designate the specific portions which LEA would deem related.to'the subject matter contained in LEA's admitted off-site emergency planning contentions. (Several have not yet been received, although we have read the abstract or summary portions). We believe that most of these are rather standard documents that Applicant and other_ interested parties would have-access to. In the event that this is3not the case, we would be willing to make arrangements for you to review them. -
4-Additional Documents that LEA has identified and is seeking , to obtain: i I Evacuation from a Nuclear Technological Disaster i Donald Ziegler, Stanley Brunn, and James Johnson Reprinted.from Geographical Review, Vol. 71, No. 1 (Jan.1981) l
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Distinguishing Human Responses to Radiological Emergencies ) j i James Johnson and Donald Ziegler , { Reprinted from Economic Geography, Vol. 59, #4 (Oct. 1983, pp.386-402) l 9 Planning for Spontaneous Evacuation During a Radiological Emergency
. James Johnson .
Reprinted from Nuclear Safety, Vol. 25, No. 2 (March-April 1984). ; I
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..g . ....,e EVACUATION BEHAVi0ftlR RESPONSE TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENi'S' cm q u h.
. Donald J. Zeigler and James H. Jgson. Jr.
University of California alkbs'h$ng5&45 c' .Old Dominion University . [ A telep7ene wney of 2.5'h houschalds ois long ist.1ntt. fly provides a data tsase for analy:rnrl gir'tentral sparral.
.te.nonts in rescanse to an amle:rt at tv Shoretwn Narcicar Prmt St.atmn un Sutton Courty it;ese *ntent!ee!; :
- Intr.tvoors appronstrated the actua! tarhavonts ni strt** !&to Isl.tntt .1rea retorten:s riurtn.7 the general crerrnce al ^ ,
IN! p!.1"t en 10M -II<mq mr otn:n tervr> ent.o.s! ,n.1 ner.'r terhenta,pe.it tor nrr!< 1< .1 h1crs *ar ener:parr;on .vr? u e .or rwaer a:r* y '
- n en. l. re he a arar.:enm t .N in entreem cenrtusto Itnr es wu a -onus tv ;pnme : r over.r*<pnnse la fututed pinto .* * ' ~ !. or r t IIm r?.ww o a " .e t's' rem ,nt.rna m :.eforv H :o yd
. rar6otoarcal cineqp'nce re<pnnte . en.nnq Ney Worrto evacnahnrt vaanw p er marnenon. tvaCuahon hth3Vint evacuation quarters. cvacuation pl. inning. Shnerham tiuclear Power Sialma, ild! accident
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' The artident at the;Three Mile Island ilMil outlear generating statum m Mao h I'C') po'e .
sented social scientists with flwar first opportunity to study attual evacuatient behavior during
- a radiological emergency and to rompare it with the kninvn parameters of evacuation behavior
. in response to natural and other let hno;ogical disasters. Within one month of the TMI accident we served on a team of geographers which surveyed south central Pennsylvania residents t,o determine how thev -responded to a hmited evacuation advisory [J. 41]. More recently we
. parth spated in the design of a sm ial survey of long Island, NY residents who were asked how
. they wi ere likelv to behave m the event of a general emerggorv at the Shoreham Nuclear Power
'F ' Station m Sutioik County, fin mi F16 knd east of New York Ci:y. The purpose of the Shoreham survey was to pimitle a behavioral data haso on whis h to hmhi a workable emorgency response
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plan that would protet t the.puhhe_ trom esposure to mni/mg radiation durmg an accident at -
;the plant. Our purpose m the present study r. to aueriam whether the results of the Shoreham sutvey-support our hypothmos t ti that human spatial behaviors during nm lear emergeticies- '
are f undamentativ thtferent from tr havoud rhump other em"rgem ies and f ') that these dif. f lert'ntes must'he taken tutti t onsulesaloon e' planning Dir pouthic nut. lear power plant acci. dents. The TMl experiem e is used as a hyse. or t ompanson.
' Evacuation planning at TMI took place dming the arrid"nt, not before. Pnor to l'1751, a major rea(tor accident with oll site consequetu es was awunied to be a highly unlikely event (271 Emergency plans were required only for the site itself and the surroundmg 2- t mile low population zone. After the TMl accident the Nuclear Regulatory Commiuion NRG iuued new regulations requiring that off site emergency pians be approved hv the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the NRC before a plant such as Shoreham may he licensed ^
'l .12& 29].- These upgraded regulations purportedly hmld upon the lewons learned f rom I'Mi to.
insure that " adequate protective measures can and will be undertaken m the event of [anotherl
- radiological emergency" (28, p. 35402). Evacuation planmng is now required for a generie 10 mi (16 km) plume exposure pathway emergency planning zone (EPZ) around all nuclear poder plant sites.' No eviicuation plans are required for the more distant 10-50 mi (16 *di km) area
.known as the ingestion exposure emergency planning zone because "the probability of lay;e jdoses [of radiationi drops off substantially at about to miles from the reactor" (27 p.1371 c.M, .The decision to limit evacuation planning to the 10 mi (16 km) EPZ ignores the recommenda-
'W tions of studies which analyzed the evacuation behavior of south central Pennsylvania residents and which identified a set of ochavioral resianses different in many respects from other
. , experiences with evacuation (2,3,4 7,12,13, 11 .
Conceptual Overview . !' Knowledge of evacuation behavior;whether in response to natural or technological threats,
"" is " crucial for the successful design and implementation of community emergency plans" [331.
- We would l8ke (O Acknowledge the fundmg provided for ilut Mudy by ute County of Suffoik. NY. Peter F. Cohalen. County B . Itri utive.
207
s . . L D n Pm ni ssu wu Gt i n.RAlyit R
.?* .208 What is knmvri about evacualmn behavmt mmes prmiarnt inun simbe ol natural de. asters
!#, 25, 31, 31. Jij and; more recently, non nudear techno?ogn al ones UJ. I,l. Only m iesponse
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to the accident at TMl was it possible to amass an empmcal data base on evacuation behavmr
,, i( during a nuclear emergency 12,3, 7,12, 41;, White there are always situational contingencies e * ' influencing the success or failure of mass evacuations, spatial behaviors during non nuclear ' 't : emergencies tend to manifest some general patterns: individuals and families seem to evacuate i, only when confronted with direct sensory evidence or explicit warning messages convincing -
7 : enough to persuade them that they are in the hazard zone of a life or limb-threatening disaster l'
. agent. Most often, the problem which materializes during mass evacuations is one of trying to convince those who see no reason to evacuate that they need to leave their homes for ,
reasons of personal safety. When evacuees do ! cave, they flee as family units, travel not much farther than the edge of the hazard zone, and take refuge with family and friends rather than in publir shelters. Evidem e from the nuih.ar technologica! disaster at TMI suggests several d.mensions of evacuation behavior that may be unique to nuclear arridents, in contrast to the model nutiined above, response to the Pennsylvania Governor's iinuted evat uapon advisory reflected a de-ce ded over response among local resident:,, not the under-response anticipated from previous evacuation studies. That is, what was intended to be a limited evacuation turned into one of mammoth proportions. Zeigler, Brunn, and Johnson identihed thn process as the evacuation shadow phenomenorn "the tendency of an official evacuation advnory to cause departure - from a much larger area than was originally intended" 141, p. 71. The process itself has been , ;
- termed spontaneous evacuation (4. 1 We believe the evacuation shadow phenomenon char-acterizes nuclear emergencies because of the dread with whmh people view radiation hazards
. [5,17,27,22,26,30,37,33), probably due in large part to the delayed effects, including cancer 7 and transgenerational injury, and to the catastrophic potential 6f nuclear releases [181 ' l
, W/, During the TMI emergency, pregnant women and pre sr.hool children within 5 mi (0 km) of !
the threatening reactor were advised to evacuate.a' heltenng (staying indoors) was recom- - i
. mended for all others within to mi (16 km) of the plant. It Ilus advnory had been followed, L
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only about 3,000 pre-school children and 444 pregnant women would have lett the area within 5 mi of the. plant (14}. Ninety-five percent of the populahon av,rd 04 did evacuate as oid 90 . percent of the pregnant women. Altogether apprmonately I t t,0bo people withm a 15 mi (23 km) radius of I plant det rded to evacu.ne lui (sm smov report..d that 9 percent of those surveyed in three commumties 2; nu 610 km chstant h..m the prae also evacuated, indicating that the evacuation shadow extended at least f.ve omes the <hstam e to which the' advisory applied (41). In the words of Lindell and Perry, "even if one assumes that of all families with any pregnant women or pre school children evacuated as a unit, and that therefore as many as 10,000 persons evacuated 'appropnately,' this is stik an over-response of more than an order
- of magnitude" [23, p. 4231. Thus, even though the Governor's evacuauon advisory was geo- '
graphically limited and issued with the proviso that "an excess of caution is best" (361, an extensive evacuation shadow was cast over a six-county area. Another dimension of evacuation !. behavior also differed from the norm established for other disasters. Evacuees from TMI fled ! unprecedentedly long distances to their temporary destinations, a behavior which again seems i ro reflect extreme fear of the disaster agent. These dramatically different behaviors havia tecen largely ignored in formulating revised procedures for radio;ogical emergency response pian- . ning. Even behaviors which conform to expectanons, including the tendency for evacuees to l 3 use self selected rather than designated evacuanon routes and to choose the homes of relatives . , and friends over public shelters, argue for emergency response plans built on a behavioral as , (h,,,j . well as logi,stical base
The Long Island Evacuation Survey ,
The Long Island Lighting Company's Shoreham Nuclear Power Station is located in the town , of Brookhaven on the north shore of Long Island and within the suburban expansion zone of i New York City. The island compnses Nassau County to the west and Suffolk County to the , east. Within 10 mi (16 km) of the Shoreham site reside an estimated 57,000 people; between 10-50 mi (16-80 km) reside slightly over 5 million. Only three other nuclear power piant sites 1 have a larger population living within fifty miles. Compounding the problem of high population
- densities, particularly to the west of the plant, is the clongated configuration of Ldng Island
~ .- - . . . .
209 Vol. %,. Nilutit i< 2. Mw,19M d l ding of f ' , . which is only 11 em 120 km) wide at the Shoreham local;on. In addihon, hn ges ea
- the island are imuted to the estreme Western end m New Yoris City.
In 1902, Suitolk County sponsored a sample u,rvey of Nassau and Suftolk County h to help determine what role the local public sector shou'd play in managing the o - - p ,. sequences of an accident. Since location with respect to the reactor site is . f. - important vanables in the decision to evacuate, the population h h of telephone
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~ * ' the two'-county area was stratified on the. basis of distance and direction from the lS or I
plant. Four zones were delineated and three-digit tele ' all,2,5% telephone i,terviews were completed D9}. About one-third of the eligible res dents contacted retused to participate. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the samp , holds close;y approximated the population parameters for Long Island. The survey ins itself was designed by an mterdisciphnary team of socia d f ll ed in
.this paper. The scenario method was i husen in part bei ause it has been succ ss u y us
, other harard studies 16,9. In.16. 40; and m part because of alternat i ve chsaster scenanos for any given plant 04).
The Evacuation Shadow Phenomenon on t.ang Island 0 The Shoreham evacuation questionnaire asked respondents to consider three inc
' serious protective action advisones. Each advisory was pre < cded l by the state that you and your family were at home and there was an accident at the Shoreh Power Plant." In scenario I, all people who lived within 5 m:les of the plant w stay indoors. In scenario 11, all pregnant women and pre school children livi of the plant were advised to evacuate and everyone else within 10 miles was g indoors, in scenario lit, everyone hving wdhin 10 miles of the plant was advised d-(the most extreme evacuation advisory for wnich plans f the would react to eat.h venano. Their responses are summarized in Table 1 which f the presents da total twoaounty population and for five suivones Thew hgures provide estimates d o magnitude and geographic estent of spontaneous eva..uahon. In v enano i 11, I, no o vised to evacuate but 2'i percent of all housenoids said they would leave. In scenar o modeled after the TMI advisory,34 percent of the total should have indicated their intentions to evacuate.
families could be expected to evacuate. In the secon d In advisory in the first scenario, 215,000 269,000 families scenano (which should have precipitated the flight of only 2,700 families) families. indicated they would leave; and in the third scenario i the nu
..e within 5 mi(8 km) of the Shoreham plant suggests a dec of evacuation rates l191, The distance decay curves presented in Figure 1 show scenarios families closer to the plant are more f the likely the reactor site. In response to the advisory in scenario I, approximately 40 perce population in both the 5 mile and 6-10 mile bit-zones a
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- s -
of decline until about 25 or 3d miics from thehl accident h site, whereupon the
- more irregular variations in response to f increasing h racteristic distance of
' - cuees increases dramatically with each additional mile. Another signi icantofc a i 10 miles the distance decay curve for scenario ill is the indic. mon that not everyone l ti n with n the plant would follow the instructions to evacuate in fact, almost one fifth of t l
of the plume exposure EPZ indicated they would remain behind even if adv L For scenario ill there is also likely to be a directional bias in the pattern o a nuclear accident at Shoreham (Figure 2). Residents west of the piant a
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D J:h*N g It M PR( h e %%H )NAl ('.1 ( H .R Tl'n 11 R FA141 I Iti JAvit 1RAL ki si't )NS l 514 ) Sl!(Lil t) I'N()llCliVi M 'il( )N Al)\ lM #Ril.5 uipues m pen ent.igess i
= ilusinen v as Do Not Evacuate Shelter Usual Know .
Scenario I Total 25 42 30 3 0-3 miles 40 52 4 5 6- 10 su.lcs 40 4'J fl I Eastr rn Suffolk 22 50 22 , i Western Sulfolk 18 4i /.1 2 Nawu !!! l's au . t Sc en.u n> lt lotal 18 41 21 i e O ~, miles ,7 ut 2 4 6- 10 miles ".2 19 t to ce ; Fastern Suffolk ai Western Suffolk 44 a2 1.1 1 Nassau 25 41 .11 3 o Scenario ill 14, Total 50 31 3 , 0-5 miles 7il Ill i 1 6-10 miles 7 11 17 ~ 2 i Eastern Suffolk 46 m 14 4 M g.;,r W, P,i Western Suffolk Nassau 39 29 34 25 7 2 3 Source- %rwial Data Analysts t.191. scenaren I; all propic within '. mJew en the ni.e.u .ufused in stav mete irs. scentno in: ait ; pregnant we taen anti pre.srhool the:rf ren wohm i em'c5 ni plant .ufu.eet f.e n a. e .i:e anel cver)one else wedun 10 meict to stay endoors; $renar:sp lif cvervritic within 10 rne'es arfuscel lie . v.n e..ne , evacuate than their counterparts to the east. lievon.i the- lo en.ie r.oinas of the site. the dis. tance-decay effet t is nyuch more pronounced to the e.i : iii.u. :o the w es: The populanon of eastern Suffolk County is not nearly as likely to choose ev.u uatuen as . response to the s< en. arios as the population of western Suffolk. The cap whir h separates their comparative evas.. uation rates widens with each increasingly serious scenario. Those east os the plant are iaely DISTANCE DECAY EVACUATION CURVES
. Scenario 1 --- Scenario 2 --- Scenario 3
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$ 80 ,..
e 3 .,, ~.,. % 2 0 s- )M4P' g s.
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'd 20- , ,
Q. 0 , , , . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 . Distance from plant tin rmtest s
, Figure 1. Distance Decay Evacuatiort Curves on Long Island. Source: Johnson and Zeigler UO;. .
m- ,. O; x Vdi . 36, Nt atni w 2, MAi, I'm4 211-EVACUATION OY DISTANCE AND Dmt.CTiON FnOM THE Pt. ANT , Scenaoo 3 , i East U a West / )',\ . 100 w, s C 80 - ~- D . X d
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Figure 2. Males of Intended Evacuahon by Dispnte and ihrett.on hom the Shoreb.am f4uclear Power ,,
- Plant. St.enario Itt: everyone mthin 10 nules of the plant advned to evatuaie. Source: Johnson and Zeig!cr;
. (20).
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~ to find themselves in a quandary. Although downwmd from the plant, they cannot evacuate to the west without passing through or near the harard /one, thus increasing their risk of" k.k.
M+ exposure to radiation. At the same time, they would probably he reluctant to evacuate eastward..
- for fear of being trapped in a cul de sac should conihhon, at the plant deteriorate and threaten ,
an even larger area. Moreover, the sparser populanon u> th" east ehminishes the hkelihood; of evaruces being able to find a satisfactory place to s:av. who h would, in nseli, disc ourage evacuahon. These findings suggest that a hi3 ;h tieg c" ..I spoma.mou , . .a uanon is hLeh to ore ur on - -
** Long Island, just as at did around TMt. durmg a ra.bo:oe .ii em" rem y.1)epeninng on the -
scenario,25 to 50 percent of the Long island po;'niat.no is liviv to evacuate in response to very limited protective action advisories. The evacuanon shadow is hkely to affect the enore
. two-c ounty area. Even though the Shoreham evacuation survey asked only for an indication.
of behavioral mtentions, we believe that these intentions would he acted upon in an actual
. emergency for the following reasons. First, the intended spatial behaviors at Shoreham closely ~
w . parallel the actual spatial behaviors in response to the TML accident. Within the 5 mile zone,' M'. J forinstance, the TML population registry indicated that M percent of the population evacuated at some time during the crisis (741.The intended evacuation rate wilhin 5 miles of the Shoreham
,' plant in response to scenario 11 was 57 percent.Within 15 mi'es of TMI, an estimated 39 percent .
of the population evacuated; the comparable figure for Long Island was 53 percent. Second; the theory of reasoned action, developed extensively in the wribngs of Agen and Fishbein [71,
, suggests that the most powerful predictor of actual behavior is intended behavior. That is, .
unless something changes their intentions before they have a chance to act,' Long Island, ,.gjd residents who say they would evacuate are likely to do just that. Third, the longstanding <W N - controversy over the Shoreham plant, compounded by the recency of the TMI accident, helped
- (, assure 'that survey respondents had given the issue of emergency response some previous- ,
: . thought, ,
The Search for Evacuation Quarters . 2 Not only do people evacuate from an unprecedentedly large area when threatened by a
'.. - radiological emergency, but they also flee longer distances than in other types of disasters.
"c . TMI area evacuees traveled distances greater than had been recorded in any previous study,
~. according to Hans and Sell's analysis (75) which found the longes median evacuation distance on record .to be 80 mi (128 km) in response to a Culf Coast hu ricane. Zeigler, Brunn, and
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V6i. 36, Nuuttru 2,MAY,1TM Some impitcanons for Emergency Planntag t he dnta_nce detav t urves presented m lignre I suggest that evac uainm niamung. m< luding
.the cakulation of evacuation time estimates, needs to encompass, it not the enhrety of Lom;:
Island, at least an area extending to 25-30 mi (40-48 km) from the plant, the point at which , the distance-decay curves level off. A 10-miie limit on evacuation planning, with no attention
- ~ to what may cccur beyond that zone, would establish a procedure for hand'ing a maximum , '
of 31,000 families, if the results of the Shoreham survey are accepted as an indication of actual
' behaviors, about fourteen times that many families would be on the road. Because not all ;
famdies in the 10-mile zone would voluntarily evacuate even if advised to do so, only about '
- one out of eighteen evacualmg households would originate trom within the zone for which k . evacuation plans had been put m place. These evacuation-reustent famiiies, which would=
number about 22 percent of the populahon wdhin 10 miles of the, plant under scenario Ill, present another problem for emesgem y plannmg persimnei. just as plans must he made to
- discourage spontaneous evatuation beyond the ilesignated harard /one, they must also ad. -
dress the problem of how to mouvate the reudoal popuishon wohin that ione to take at tion. The evacuees beyorni the 10-nnie ione are hiels to make a more d.uu utt lor those c loser - to the plant to get away trom the threatening reac tor as rpm kly as possih!e. Accordmg to FEMA lf f) the time from the imtiating event in the reactm to the start of an atmosphenc release
- could be as short as one halt hour or as long as one day. It would take only one half to two hours for the selease to travel 5 miles from the plant, and f rom one to four hours for the.
-release to travel 10 miles, that is, to the edge of the plume exposure EP/.. Such a time frame
- under!;nes the necessity for being able to completely clear the harard evne as aun kly as pos--
sible. Yet, road congestion beyond the plannmg zone, unss. town traf tic generated in an effort to assemble fami*ies, ami the movement of emergency penonnel into the area c ould all retard L the speedy esodos of those closest to the piant, in shorI, theevatuahon shadow phenomenon kA could significantly lenghten the time it would take to evac uate the CPZ. In addition. 60-76
~
percent of the evacuees origmahng east of the Shorehan' plant uuhrated then mienhons to ~ > head for shelter in Nassau County, New York City, or bey.md. lhis tmdmg suggests there will. . be a 5:zable flux of trafhe through the plume exposure EPL adthug vet another variable to the-evacuation time equahon. In general, both the esperience at TMl and the results en the Shoreham survey indicate that . people have their own ideas alinut how to behave duong a ruele.n act ofent and cannot be counted on to adhere to proterhve action ativisones issued by puhhc officia;s. This finding .
- suggests two strategies for increasing the effectweness of e.nhologica! emergency response
- plans. First,'in the short run, efforts shouhl he made to detemune how people would miend to react in a radiciogical emergency so that response pians t an capaahze on these behaviors.
Second,in the long run, efforts should be made to tearn peopic the importance of following
-directions. These efforts should be directed at both the under-reactors close to nuc! car plant sites and at over reactors farther away. These are the groups that either endanger society b'y '
5d .' congesting travel arteries or themselves by remaimng in place. Such an educational campaign will not be easy to conduct, particularly in light of the emotional nature of nuclear issues and the long standing controversy over nuclear risk (3#i. 3-
- Summary and Conclusion The intended behavior of 1.ong Island residents in response to a general emergency at Shoreham is likely to parallel the actual behavior of TML area residents during the 1979 mishap.
- The behavioral response to nuclear accidents appears to be quite different from responses to
- M.t- 'other c'mergencies, particularly in terms of the spatial dimensions cf the evacuation process.
Spontaneous evacuation and its geographic manifestation, the evacuation shadow phenom-enon, seem to place nuclear power plant accidents in a class by themselves. We are unable to cite any other class of accidents or disasters which has precipitated such extreme evacuation behavior, particularly in its geographic dimensions. Unlike pre impact evacuatidos in response
~ to natmal disasters, during which it is often difficult to get peopic to move at ali, evacuations v in response to nuclear power plant accidents are likely to be characterized by an extreme over response to limited protective action advisories. Both in terms of the magnitude of the evacuation and the geographic extent of the evacuation shadow, the resuus of the Shoreham a- .
k ._____._____..________._____________.________._.1
_n ..- _m - m .. - - - - - . - .. . -. e ,M 6' 214 Ti o i% H 1 %%h )NAL. Gt ()GRM; tj g evat uahon unvet seem to supjun t our h poihesas 3 that nom.m beh.n u ns diumg om lear emer. gent les t .innot he piedu led on the b.N% ol What n e kMriW .it u ml idhet "mergent n%. Another findmg which supports out hypothesis is the shstant e people feel compelled to put between themselves and the threatening reactor. At TMi the median distance peopie traveicd was G-E, 100 miles. In the Shoreham survey, more than six out of ten respondents said they would _; . . select an evacuation destination more than 50 miles from home. Only in terms of their disdain ; ( for public evacuation shelters do nuclear evacuees seem to fit the model developed for non. -
. puclear emergencies. . . Our results suggest several implications for clanning and several directions for future re-search, first, the exhant of the evacuation shadow a.uggests that hmitmg evacuation planning to IFe 10-mile piume exposure EP/ would be under.planmng her a nuclear accident because so few of the evacuees would actually originate .n tha! ione sei ond.
- because resistence to evacuahon among those c losest to not lear p! ant ,aes does not seem :o ne totaliy chminated, strategros need to he devised for ent nora;png total i ompham e wah evai nahon .phisones as well as toe thu otod)png sponi.tneous evra nation I.uthor trom pi.m! utes ibird. the evat uain m shadow pbcoonmnoo needs to be taien mio i on .n!oranon m . an ulatmg evai ua:n m hmes to,
,the removal os peoph* t iosest to out lear plani s,tes. t he desclopment ut real,,tu models on whi(h to base such t akulations merits a.hhhonal researt h, lhese modeis should take mio consideration people's hkely behaviors and he adaptable to local < onditions, both physu.at and social, as they vary from site to site. Fourth, social surveys should become a required part of emergency response planning in order to assure that, wohin the context of local circum-stances, planning capitalires on the natural behavioral inchnation of a potentially impacted populabon. And fif th, additional work is needed on the formulation of a comprehensiva ha/ ara theory which accounts for cross-hazard differences and provides explanations for the varying ways peopic perceive hazards. .
Literature Cited
- f. a%. 1. Al ten. Ir ek and Marhn fr.hbein. (/nderu.mdurg Attitudes and Predn ting Social Behavror. I nglewood .
Chth. NJ: Prentic c-Hall.1960
- 2. Barnes. K., l. itromus. 8. Cutier, amt I K. M st heit. Responm n' !mp.e red l'ono!atron to the three Mule bl.ind Ntn e.si Re it for A( s tdent- An torrt #1 Aue'w 8 * ! % i.wa a Paper No,13. New Hornswick. Nj:
t)cpa tment oi I,co;;ra;ihv. Rulgers llmveruly. W e 3.Ilrunn,%.i).l tI lohm.on. ir.. anri D ,. /ergh ' ova! Verwr nrr ,o %. ul % rvey or ihree Ude Island
. Area Reudents. Iast Lansmg, Ml: Ikpann,cm . . .co ,r s. : . Mn hi,:x. state (!mverviv.1979.
- 4. Chenault. W. W., G. D. Heiaert amt k D Reich;m t v.n uation et..ninng on the (MI Acoilent. Wash-mgton: lederai t mergenty Management Ageni v.1979.
- 5. Cook, Earl. "The Hole at Hntory in the Acceptance ot Nodear l'ower." Social Scrence Quarterly 63 1196 3 , 1-15.
- 6. Crow, Kelley and lustm friberg. "The Scenario Method: Its Apphcanon to Natural Hazard Research."
Paper presented at the Kentucky Academy of Soence, leungton, KY 1960.
- 7. Cutter, Susan and Kent Barnes. " Evacuation Behavior and 1hree Mile island." Desasters, 6 (1962),
o' 116-124
- 8. Drabek, Thnmas. "Sooal Processes m Disaster: Family Evacuahon." Soval Problems, 16 (1969),336-347.
- 9. Ericksen, Neil J. A Scenario Approach to Assessing NJlurJI HalJtds. Ph.D. di5sertanon, Departmeni of .
Geography, Umversuy of Toronto,1974
- 10. "A Iale of Two Cibes: Flood History and the Prophebc Past of Rapid City, South Dakola."
fronorme Geography, 51 (1975), 305-320.
- 11. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Dynamic fvacuatron Analyses. Washmgton: 19di.
- 12. Flynn, Cynthia G. Three Mde Island Telephone Survey: Preliminary Report on Procedures and findmgs.
Prepared for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NUREC/CR 1093). Tempe, AZ: Mountain West Re- {g<4g); 4 search, Inc.,1979. s .- 13. . " Reactions of local Residents to the Accident at Three Mile 1s;and." in Accider.t at Three Mde
- Island: The Human Osmensions, pp. 49-63. Edited by D. L. Sills et al. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982.
- 14. Goldhaber, Manivn K. and James E. Lehman. "Cnsis Evacuation Dunng ine Three Mile Island Nucicar Acodent: The TMI Population Registry." Paper presented at the 1982 Annual Meetmg of the American Pubhc Health Associahon, Montreal, Quebec, updated 1983.
- 15. Hans, Joseph M., Jr. and Thomas C. Sell. Evacuation RisAs-An Evaluarson. Las Vegas, NV: U.S. Envi-ronmental Protection Agency,1974.
- 16. Harns, Stephen L. "When Mt. Shasta Erupts." In his fire and Ice, pp. 269-279. Seattle, WA: Pacific '
Search Press.1976.
4 Q:' f '
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%i . Vt W.. M Nt mitt n 2.MAy, 'i'M4 :
o . . . a . n , a , ,, . i e i. . . . f. u ,- s....,,...
.i n,a.en..n.se .i in at.q.h R g.., xasperson ana vs.co u.s .
~ s ra e C et::,. J r u .. -e.. . ;;u 2; .\peil +
In -; Rolseis W. Lues. .ind Paul Niosu . " t he Naime ut les hn. tnes . . I tar.isd Phill. Ll/!l . til4 ? p
' 19. Johnson, J.unes H., ir.. and Donaki ). Zergier. "Dnhnguishmg luman Responses In Kad.ologn al lmer- .
. gencies." honomic Geography. 59 (1983). 3 402.
shoreham Nuclear Power stahon.;*
"A Spahal Analysis of Evacuahon intenhons.it the
. ' 20. and
'In Nuclear Power: Asse. n ong and Managing Itatarrious Techanlogy, pp 279- \nt. hhted hv M. l.
. Pastlualelle an.1 K. D. Pyawks. floulder, CO: Westview Press. Psivt.
, % _ {
- 21. Kuktf nski. l. H., D.- S. Mellay, and W. D. Kay. " Citizens Knowledge and Choacs on the Comple Issue 1' ul Nutlear Energy." American journal of Polinclui Science 2*n (1*m21. h ti t,42. 12 #197to:
' ' 22. Luton, R. J. " Nuclear Energy and the Wisdom on the 11ody." flulletin n/ the Atomic *ir sentnet Ih- 20.
2l 1 mdelt. Ma harl L and Ronald W. Perry. "I'rotet hve At tumVitt.*e. liet ommend.nions: linw Wouht the Pubbs-Aft a}a
' Reyu ntd!" f rJa n.rt to,un nl 'he Antrern.m Nur fear $*n reti . a t "T he Mauwauga t ram iser.mment and tvai uainns to be % ember 24' I nvrman.~ t hana anni 1. P. W@ i
' 947% " ( an.nhan i .* r *grap'ser. T. i1*mls:.ft,% 1:~ lf t
.$. Moore. f lare) i et al #efuse the Wmd W.nt.my.t,m: .Nahenial \e .afenn ut %s sem es i
* '2ft Nemotny. IL *lSoual Groups -lcar of Nu(lear Psmer and u nmunu interest." Transasinun ut the Amer. .
nan Nuclear kn rety.;24 s lH?r ). 93-100. u
- 27. Nm scar Regulatory Comnum.on. Reacttit* Safety Studp An Asenment os Ac adent Kn6 m (t..V Crom.
mercial Nuclear Power Plants. Washington: 1975 (NURtG 7~,ttm WA9 f.lacolk 2il . Emergency Planning: Final Regulanons." lederal Regnter a , (August 19. twn. 24.
- and Federal tmergern y Management Apena.y. Cetterra tor Preparatuan and lvaluatu n of Radro.
,v
<r -
hogrcal [mergency Respurne I%ns .md Preparedness m Support of Nuclear Power Plants. Washingtont P)m) (NURIG UMaL
- 10. Otway, H.1. "Rnk Aweument and the Social Response to Nm lear Power." Journal o/ the fintah Nuclear f
Energy Sounty. th tl977h D27- 133. ,
- 31. l'env. Ronald W. "Ivacualmn Deusion-Makmg m Natural Dnauers." Atan lmergenoes. 4 (March FJ79).
p.f(M.A . 2 3 - 311. IL "In(enhves lot Fvacuahon in Natural Dnaster." lournal n/ the American Pl.minng 4unciat<pri. . a5 ( Pf 791, 4aN4a7. IL Perry. Ronald W. Mu hact K tmdeil. and Marione R. Greene leac nation Planmng in Emergency Atan.- agement. lesington M t leungton lluoks. Pml 44, Pownlent's Commnsum on the 4tident at ihree Mde 1st.md t/m Nertl %r t.h. urge; The f.cgar r es/ Tall. Washington: U.% (anemment Prmtmg Ohn.e W.*' l r s' -(juaranteih. l . L . Isat natuur liehavoor. Cau. %h w the f a t, Inoruuana (. hemic.d Tank iaplosron In. cident. Cofumbus Oll: Onaster Resean h I'emer. tW ~
', %. Rugovm, M., and G.1. Frampton, ;r. Three M:le I t.mol A Rrpart to the t umanssooners and the Vol.1. Washmgton. Nuclear Regulatory Cornmnuon. PHI ,
37 Slovic, P.. B. Fmhhnd, and 5. Lic htenstern. " Rating the Knb." f eerronment. 21 (April 1979).14 39._ J- "Psycholog. cal Aspects of Risk Percephon." in A. t n/ent at three Ahle Island. The Ituman
. m* , ., . J3.
- mensions. pp. Il-20.' Edited by D. L. $sils et al. Iloulder. CO: Westview Press,1962.
- i' #
- 19. Socsal Data Analvsts. tnc. Attstudes Toward Evar uatoon Re.n tunn at Iung Is!.md's Revdents to a tute Accudent at the Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant. >ctauhet;NY:
40, White, Gilbert F. and I. Eugene Haas. A9essment oi Neseanh on Naturall/.uards. Cambndge, MA: M Prew.'1975.
- 41. Zeigler, D. j. 5. D. f1runn and I. H. lohnson, b hai ualunt trum a Nuslear 'e Tet hnologwal Dnast Geographical Revsew. 71 (19 tile.1 14.
DONALD 1. ZEICLER IPh.D. Mahigan State Unnreruto es Asustant Prosessor and Director of the
' Program at Old Dormnion University, Norfolk, VAof20011.
University Cahlornia. JAMES Los Angeles H. JOHNSON, 90024. Lloth areJR. (Ph.D., 9,p @f - . University)is Assistant Professor of Ccography at the Sft nd interested in human responses to technological huards and have teshfied before the Atomic a e y a bcen6ng Board of the Nut' lear Regulatory Commnunn. ; p 4 . I !
'S I. '
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4 g s ( 7 Y.\N K EID\*1CII, j SKEI.IX AND WlIITE. INC. t.1 .
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- 3. June 1982 - .
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Ms..Amanda Potterfield, Esq. New. York Public Interest Research Group 9 Murray Street . New York, New York 10007
Dear Ms. Potterfield:
It is my intention to offer testimony in the matter of plans and programs for public safety in the vicinity of the Indian Point nuclear facilities. The naturelof my testimony will be. determined by a wide array of public opinion data which I will have collected, or have analyzed upon collection by others, concerning:
- 1) . trends in public opinion on the subject of nuc-lear power facilities in general, and in public
< receptivity to such nuclear facilities in a com-munity's " backyard." I will also address the - question of 'the public's perception of the safety of these facilities.
- 2) - trends in measured. public confidence in both gov-ernmental and business institutions , including the " believability" and trustworthiness of offi-cials and organizations considered to be those ..
most. responsible for communicating.with the pub-lic on matters of safety and appropriate policies for dealing with nuclear power facilities. I will submit, by June 21 of this year, the written form of my testimony, including the sources of such public opinion data as I cite, and will be available to testify in person after that date.
- Sincerely yours,
- s '.
(
? ;
Larry Kaagan Senior Research Associate Assistant to Chairman
.7 . sia n 30s u s.u r: m unm. s s ino22 :.:u 7 .; 7 ,no
- 4. - , . _ , . . _ _ . - . - . _ _ _ _ _ . . . . _ . ~ . _ . - _ _ _ . . . , , _ _ _ , . . , _ , _ _ _ _ , . . _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ - . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ , , - . . . , _ _ . . _ . _ _ _ _ . . _ .
r . LARRY KAAGAN (E LARRY KAAGAN is Senior Associate and Assistant to the Chairman
-of Yankelovich, Skelly & White, Inc., the New York-based public opinion research firm. .W ith the firm's chairman, Daniel Yankelovich, he has written and lectured widely on public opinion in the areas of electoral politics, tax policy, nuclear energy, foreign affairs and social history.
Most recently, he has co-authored, with Daniel Yankelovich, public opinion cnalyses in Foreign Affairs, Psychology Today, and other periodicals. An article, "The American Public Looks at Nuclear," appeared in ALCOA 81, the' magazine of the Aluminum Company of . America. Mr. Kaagan has also conducted seminars. on American political opinion at the Brookings
. Institution and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
A graduate of the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University, Mr. Kaagan served as a post-graduate research director at i Ethe University's Center for Urban Affairs. He has been a visiting professor in the Honors Program at Villanova. University, and a planning ] consultant to the Wharton ' School of the University of Pennsylvania.
- Ha has been with Yankelovich, Skelly and White si'nce 1979, and concentrates his research in the firm's public policy analysis program.
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"~ , Antericans don't want toforalose The *, ( * ==. - ~ ~
Ihc nuckar energy crtion--yet. Amcrican Looks At Public $_,)[f jg ,. ' But conurn about the safety and Nuclear y. : : , cost of nuclear reactors wnains high. Page 18 ,
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I front Coser ( This ill: >!r.uti.'r: by the Tren.h attht f..n: A 1i. ha i f..! m . i I.d n ir. m Ih. auti.It by W:.'!i.un G. Ou.hi '
"The .Cia! .'Li!nr, el Work."
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Thir21s a profound dichotomy in the Hy==%. .Wyk..D) by Daniel Yanitforit/r an&rry Kangan Gj7 f-f@MM fact that the nuclear powerindustry -4 - m - g..g.1g..~mM.i p has had an exceptional safety record For the American public, the question K.1 '. "-
! - *' ~q.q- g' j~ - -
of nuclear power contmues to con-in its more than 20 years of operation and Ihat the American public s ri- jure a mixed set ofimages: some /q . mar ut ood, some bad and some unclear. -I. ,- ~ nuc!y, continuing ctr poweris reservation a safety. While a significant and growing por- N c ], . ; .C- P . f.;..,,g.je . 3 J > Nxner y-producing systemis tion of the public defines the coun-try's energy problem-as many econ- h j \ ,. p
' ed. w ./ .E : U without'ris .Yet thepinrfint for harm from nuclear encrating plants con- omists do-as a matter of pnce tg ge g tinuesisdec y trouble Americans. rather than availability, there are A.
- About half o he American publicis also strong qualms about trading off ,
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conc:rned that nuclear power is un-sife, according to the authors of the potential safety risks and environ-mental hazards for the uncertain ad-
- e. 1- . .r-%)
t p " following paper. vantages and rising costs of nuclear ( This report by Yankelevich and power. in some wa s, the" energy ..c. , Kaagan reflects the uncertainty sur- optimism of Presi[ent Reagan and g4 ,.p:.T/"q:-h5.cc%,gmg
~
# .gg.r.y rounding the nuclearissue. The cur- the coincident timing of the 1981 rent, more optimistic energy picture internationaloil glut cloud rather in the U.S. is not helping to dispel than clarify public attitudes toward . _ ..
that uncertainty. Today s optimism could be, however, the calm before nuc! car energy. Asa .2
'#w;p:Jii
{._.i.?;dp.M._.?_'.9%c'Qg,Q. .4~t - the st:rm. Opinions vary. There is a people, pragmatic Americans and results-minded reject theidea of . worldwide oil surplus today. More closing the nation's existing nuclear . l energy is available than is needed in power plants and forbidding the con- . .m . . .;. .m thisis struction of new facilities. Such a
~
N.. . ?"- .. g. 'j l the U.'S.to In fretthe minds of many, ddi-move,which would foreclose an op-
~- ~ '
no time about building a tional wer plants,or to wrangle tion that might yet improve our overi 2cmotionalnuclearissue. But energy posture, met with strong dis-1
;=
,a ys' g , hm l our country has been emeriencing a approval even in the immedia te af ter-
" -' d 7
- weakened economy. And to grow, math of the" scare"at Eree Mile stillaccurate to say that most Ameri-l evcn modestly,in the next two Island,when an ABClHarris poll cans view the energy problem as an
! decades, we are certain to need more found an 80 percent majorit,y opposed affliction of high costs. Even with i electricity. America cannot relyin- to a " permanent shutdown of all nu- growing concern about dependence definitely on fossil fuel >, natural gas clear plants. On the other hand, pub- on foreign nations, and a substantial and oilin parsicular. As the authors lic concerns about plant safety, waste degree of irritation at the leverage < point out, Ameritans are pragmatic, disposal, emergency preparedness wielded by large oil companies, eight l and they are not closing the door on and the" human ' actor have be-n out of 10 Americans in our surveys ! u:ing and espanilini; nuc! car power - riding steadily since long before cite high prices as the number one ! yet. But fears remam. Three Mile Island. Even as the feature of the country's energy ! The number one mniern about Administration in Washington gears dilemma. onergy today appears to be its coit, up its efforts to promote nuclear Significantly, the concern over the flut a far more s!nturbng.long range technology as J viable energy Source, (urrent cost of energy does not trans* wnrern for Alma is who Iher in the the American people are pro'foundly late into ready perception of nuclear
.lecades to tome, t her e mil be cner gy ambivalent on the subject. power as a lower-cost alternative to enough to meet thewuntry s needs. Although there has been a rising oil. In fact, growing segments of the nr Dior awarene.=s of re>ource depiction,it is public, and significant numbers of
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a ..._, . n i 5 -- k & l W . 6 *. d [. % W % % 6 % .: l. f .: M h V G i ^. ; use of fossil fuels or nuclear power. In 1953, when President Eisen-
- - -.-.,,,.o..,.. , The public likes solar;it is something howerintroduced the" Atoms for of a pie in the sunny sky. Peace" program,he spoke of"the day j_M.-,$,*.N._.'Fy2;[U,Mi.lj- .
. 1 m .. . . - . . . But if experience with OPEC has when fear of the atom will begin to-embittered the American public disappear from the minds of people."
toward the economics of oil, high ex- Three years later, when George
~ U.m d,. .
3., ,...< pectations for solar energy have dim- Gallup asked people for their reaction Z M,-Q'D.if.t."F W ? [; -[.[ med a little each year by virtue of"the to the prospect of an atomic plant in long wait" factor. In 1978, more than their community, a 69 percent major-were not afraid: three-quarters solar power as an energy of thetechnology public identified Eisenhower ity said they's dream seemed
.. 5 .,,y .
realized. But the growing environ-fw 7.i.4.Q.- Q . * .,"' 'l that would help the nation out ofits energy problems in the near term. mentalawareness which began in the bu -
' (Ju.d Now, three years later,a shrinking late 1960s ca!!ed many technologies and industries into doubt. While pub-Y!j
- l- two-thirds majority thinks so.
~ f, ., ,f.N.""".S . .- .t .'.Ja . ?.s.
In the short term, conservation via lic skepticism about nuclear energy improved auto efficiency, better may have reached a highly visible
- " home insulation and greater reliance peak after the accident in Harrisburg, on mass transit are more appealing many of the questions raised by nu-prospects to the public than more clear opponents and by more than 20 nuclear facilities. Looking only as far years of experience with nuclear
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- w i .;.$
-1 as the 1990s, the public sees greater power remain unresolved.
energy gains being made by expand- Long before the episode at Three ing domestic oil exploration and pro- Mile Island, a nuclear uneasiness be-
.r duction than by building more nu- gan to emerge. Even in 1974, a 44 ?q.- ,
percent plurality in a Roper poll felt
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When the calendaris flipped for- an atomic energy plant in their com-ward, however, and pecple are asked munit would present dangers,"al-
-s m 3 a7 thoug 55 percent in a sut> sequent 3
u[y Jtl, i lim ,, J l= { which energy technologies are likely i a t2 to play a major role in solving Ameri- (1977) CBsINew York Times survey well. informed business, government ca's energy proble,ms into the next still approved of building such a plant and interest group Icaders as we!!, century, an interesting shift takes ' in their community. Today, the mar-cit? nuclear energy on the same list place. Solar power remains the gins fluctuate, but the ambivalence as oil as a"high cost ~ energy path. It sweethcart" technology, favored by grows. Although 50 percent of the is also significant that for several more of the public than any other as public feels we should" continue to yrars, a steadily growing minority clean, efficient and non threatening. build"nucicar power plants,73 per , has npressed a willingness to pay But what follows it as number two cent qualify that by saying construc-higlur electric bills if such an expense ' on the list of long-term energy pros- tion should take place under stricter ! would bu pects? Nuclear power. Why Ihe turn- federalsupervision,and only a 46 plants." y"no more nuclear power around? The answer has less to do percent plurality nationwide would Instead, the public has turned its with any expected failure of conser- vote "yes"on a referendum to locate attention and its hope- to an energy vation Strategies or fonil fuel sup- a nuclear plant within 50 miles of ,( hnology which app rs to offer plies than the hope that problems their homes. Although there remains ( th abundance and mdependence, currently bezetting the nuc! car power a vaguely favorable tilt to public opin-
%th none of the ommous environ- industry will be resolved in the gen- Ion on pre >erving the nucicar option, mentaland safety drawbacks asso- eration ahead (but, by implication, especially in the "long run." there is ciated with either the prnfuction and not before then). nothing vague about public sensitivi-sn
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As a pragmatic and results- Although there has been a rising Whether the question pertains to ' minded people Americans reject awareness of resource depletion, the willingness to see a nuclear the idea of closing the nation's itis still accurate to say that generating plant in one's com-existing nuclear power plants most Americans view the energy munity, or a more general as-and forbidding the construction problem as an affliction of high sessmentof thepros and cons ( 1 of new facilities.Such a move, costs.Even with growing con- of nuclear power, women are A which would foreciose an option cern about dependence on for- more resistant to" going nuclear" , that might yetimprove our ener- eign nations,and a substantial than men,the young more nega-gy posture, met with strong dis- degree ofirritation at the lever- tive on the subject than otherciti- l . i a 3 proval evenin theimmediate age wielded bylarge oil com- zens, and the better-educated I , a"termath of the" scare"atThree panies,eight out of 10 Americans . more likely to oppose nuclearin-l Elite Island. in our surveys cite high prices as stallations than the less well the number one feature of the educated. l country's energy dilemma. i l g: , , . .i h. .- d ' ' hk& .:,,,
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plw ~{$-.. m.:p~j5*. 3 ~ Q & ;l.-n.g . l tirs to the dangers of nuclear power. public safety from the hazards of agencies chartered to regulate their l Put simply,about half of the nuclear waste disposal and transport. use and safeguard us from the omi-American publicis concerned that Similarlarge majorities, which have nous dangers of atomic energy. i Many of America's energy-inten-nuctrar half,a small energy numberis are unsafe. Within that unalterably ile brown annually Island, cite since b@rrThree safety procedures at sive industries look down a hard, opposed to an expansion of auclear nuclear plants as another area where realistic road toward the year 2000 powrr unde. any circumstances. But we have not gone"far enough"to and see serious difficulties maintain-l- ing themselves as fossil fueled en-i of greaterimportance are those who protect both the environment and tities. They see the capacity to gener-are withholding their approvalof. the public well-being. Swelling ma - nuctrarpower because we" don't jorities also name nuclearcontamina- ate nuclear power as pointing toward know enough"and" haven't gone far tion of water,as wellas health prob- a path out of difficult and costly enough"in guarding against the com- lems associated with radioactive times, and on the narrow technical pelling hazards of nuclear accidents scepage, as topics of concern. And question of"can it be done"they are and providing for the safe disposal of while these issues arise most promi- certainly correct that it can. But until radioactive waste. nentlyin the arguments of anti- the nuclearindustry, government Support for, and opposition to, nuclear activists,it should be stressed regulators and other businesses that nuclear power also draws an interest- that among the general public, even desire a stable future energy supply ing demographic picture. Whether those who support nuclear power are address and answer the profound the question pertains to the willing- increasingly distressed at the linger- anxieties now riddling the public ness to see a nuclear generating plant ing questions of industrial and public consciousness about nuclear safety, in one's community, or a moresen- safety. the stalemate is likely to continue. cral assessment of the pros and cons it willbe no easy matter to allay The longer we wait for these con-of nuclear power, women are more the concerns about radioactive dan- cerns to be resolved, the more costl resistant to" going nuclear" than gers harbored even by nominal sup- willeachimagined nuclearinstalla y men, the young more negative on the porters of nuclear power. Any" heat- tion become; time thus favors the op-subject than other citizens, and the ing up" of international tensions and ponents of nuclearpower. An"in beitar-educ' ated more likely to oppose re-opened debate on the scope, size principle" desire to see safe, auto-nuclrarinstallations than the less and placement of America's nuclear nomous and inexpensive energy well educated. By region, those in militarv arsenal will undoubtedly alternatives in the future, and the
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the Northeast and Western states penet ate thoughts concerning the desire that someday nuclear be among are most opposed to nuclear power; generation of electricity by nuclear the first of those options. should not those living in the North Central means. Israel's attack on an Iraqi be misread. A strates'y which focuses and Southern states most likely to nuclear facility may aircady have on price and sligh:s safety is a danger-support it. served to sharpen the mental cgnnec- ous risk for those who foresee the But nuc! car opponents, whoever tion between the military and " peace- nuclear option improving its appeal they are and wherever they live, are ful~ uses of nuclear energy. Further, as the cost of oil continues to rise. not alone in expressing explicit con- the American public remains strongly The combined specters of toxic, en-
! cerns about nuclear po.ver. Fully 70 concerned about the environn.cntal vironmental and genetic damage percent of all Americans say Ihey are and safetv questions raised by h- weigh heavily c,n the public con-worried about the problem of radio- cating nu' clear power plant > near sciousness. Nuclear power that is as active waste disposal. Nearly eight densely popula ted a reas. Those ques- safe as the public wants it will not I out of 10 say that even in view of the tions have not been satisfactorily come cheaply,if it comes at all.m , country's need for energy, we have answered either by the nudcar in-not gone far enough in protecting dustry or by those govemment
. s limerick ecology action BOX 761 . POTTSTOWN, PA.19464 . (215) 326 9122 August 17 ~,. L9 8 4 0; c, ,
Robert Rader '? ~4 k3 .'d5 Conner & Wetterhahn, P.C. 1747 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20008 ,, 3 : In the Matter of ' Philadelphia Electric Company (Limerick Generating Station, Units 1 and Unit 2) Docket Nos. 50-352
Dear Mr Rader,
This letter is in response to your concerns about Limerick Ecology Action's responses to the June 25 Discovery Request of Philadelphia Electric Company to LEA on ' admitted' Off-site Emergency Planning Contentions in the above proceeding. I am writing in answer to your proposed stipulattou of August 10 1984 and offer the following comments: General Interrogatories - 1-2. We will provide any further details as stated in our prev!ous supplemental response by Aug. 31. At the present time, nothing has changed.
- 3. LEA does not believe that the original question in Applicant's Interrogatory dated 6/25/84 requires LEA to ' prepare a list' of materials that it received from the Applicant. LEA has identified the information as correspondence which it has received from the Applicant and believes that this is responsive to the question asked. For the record, we would note that a similar question asked by LEA did not result in the Applicant providing such a ' list' of correspondence to LEA. -
In addition, LEA has agreed to provide the requested Affidavits with its August 31 Supplemental filing. 4,5,8,21,16.& 18 - We will try to provide the information requested in our Auoust 31 Supplemental filing. Also same for #22. 35 & 38. We agree.
nc ;p:: g- j,; ! i '
' LEA has no' additional information from-the July 25 e:: e r c i s e vir i c h
- relates:to.the-subject of--its admttted contentions n t- 'tho id e n e n t L t ' i r>J o llowever, it"is-very possible that any PEllA/FEFIA reports I.1: A
- might' receive.in the future might contnin related Inrnrmption.
; particularly relating to route alerting and notifLeotlon.
I will:be. happy to discuss this' matter'with you further if necessary. p
- r. -sincerely, .
1 i- / J- > l L. l f,& 14.4 > d Nt;$ <, .'& r~ 3 t!nureen 11ulligan Vice. President e 1 cc: Service List
~(First served 8/31/84).
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E AFFIDAVIT OF MAIJREEN MULLIGAN .v . - - - -
.Vice President of Limerick Ecology Action -
'O El-4 ,TO 46
~I have provided. Philadelphia Electric Company with all available documents an'd information presently known by Limerick, Ecology Action relating to LEA's admitted off-site emergenify.jlanning contentions as requested by Applicant's Interrogatories of June 25, 1984.
The information is contained in LEA's responses of July 16, 1984, August 6, 1984, August 13, 1984, and the final supplemental answer served on August 31, 1984. Limerick Ecology Action has supplied this material in response to your request that a thorough search be made as a good faith effort to insure that ~Applicate has full knowledge of all infor-mation available to LEA.'We believe that this information is fully responsive to your concerns. To the best of my knowledge at the present time, I have provided all,avai.lable information '- that individual LEA members have knowledge of. Furthermore, I have asked Mr. Elliott, LEA's attorney in this proceeding,- to conduct a thorough search of his files to insure that you were aware of any additional information that might be in his possession. He informed me that a preilminary search has
.not identified any such materials as of 8/30/1984 and that he will file an Affidavit as you have requested as soon as is practical after he has thoroughly reviewed LEA's Aug. 31st.
f111ng. Respectfully submitted, Y Y
<amn e/A<w>)
Maureen Mulligan Vice President Limerick Ecology Action Subscribed and sworn to before me this 31st. day of August 1984. h b( MO y (Notary Publ ic' - (. cg,*: r.;;tir, #M ut f N hG k /, tni,y m c*mi.e,u " N mir m ,,_ . * **t t of 6 '1 ' ' ' 'I ' U*
?
- Please fill out and return to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION EE! U ' l P.O. Box 761 Pottstown, Pa. 19464
/ [* 1 '.', o, NameLof Municipality: Colebrookdale Township Location of. meetings: Township Bldg., Rt. 73 Time and date held: 1st & 3rd Mondays at '7:30 P.M.
Contact person for evacuation planning: Jonathan Smoyer, Jr. Mailing address: R.D.#4 Box 715, Boyertoun, PA 19512 Phone number:~ 367-8977 Has a first draft' Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Limerick been completed? yes If not, what is the status of evacuation planning? Is public input being incorporated into your plans? no If yes, how? f- . m..... . . .
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- - a -Please fill out and return to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION P.O. Box 761 Pottstown, Pa. 19464 Name of Municipality: .f d /f!*ts k'/'. A' ** b. I6 Location of~ meetings: 6f/ led v, //< N */*C o Time and-date held:
Contact person for evacuation planning: / v ue/ /3 // v ~ . / Mailing address: '3 a 4 // G ,/ /,e M - , //, hs / fs ). l ' Phone number: 34 7 .ff V3 Has a first draft Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Limerick been completed? g
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If not, what is~the status of evacuation planning? Is public input being incorporated into your plans? ,l/ <j If yes, how? 1/B
Please fill out and return to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION P.O. Box 761 Pottstown, Pa. 19464 Name of' Municipality: Douglass Township,' Berks County
. Location of meetings: Township Building, R'.D.2, Box 503, Boyertown
. Time and date held: 2nd & 4th Wednesday of the month - 7:30 PM Contact person for evacuation planning: Anthor.v Minotto Mailing address: 302 sauirrel !!ollow Rd . , Donclassville, PA 19518 Phouc number: 323 6734 OR 323 4780 s
Has s'first. draft Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Limerick been completed? y,, If.not, what is the status of evacuation planning? Is public input being incorporated into your plans? no If yes, how?
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Please fill out and return to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION P.O. Box 761 Pottstown, Pa. 19464 Name of Municipality: '
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Location of meetings: fod /%%J 77 &./#/PrA'fC
. Time and'date held: 2 "O ~7~.4'rD4 + op h- #o'N
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Contact person for evacuation planning: fr/PT A dt-[o Mailing address: ((V M/>G M. Np/ er/%+FC Phone number: kFO JJ*'9f~ Has a first draft Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Limerick been completed? fj g If not, what is the status of evacuation planning? Is public input being incorporated into your plans? W[ 1f yes, how? ,2 ns. a. A t t r i n e e-9/te/e3
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'P.O._ Box 761 l Pottstown, Pa. 19464 >
t i Name of Municipality: Lower Pottsgrove Township
' Location of meetings: Township Office
- Time and:date held: Announced w
Contact' person for evacuation planning: Roy W. Cubbler Mailing address: 630 Woodland Drive. Pottstown, PA 19464 Phone number: -215-326-4073 ( Has a first draft Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Limerick been completed? Yes, we are beyond that point. If not, what is the status of evacuation planning? 4 ' 7 Is public input being incorporated into your plans? Yes If yes, how? We have begun plans to have an emergency action board appointed which will include residents from Lower Pottsgrove Township. This board will, if my request holds
-up, ; concern itself with the entire spectrum of emergency action..i.e. disasters both man-made and natural, a
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d_' ,/ l t. Flesse fill out.and return-to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION t -- - . .I ' P.O. Box 761 L n ,Pottstown, Pa. 19464 ! L //l_ ;
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- Name cf Municipality: F HANOVER. TOWNSHIP .i me riuntc Ayat ou1Autu5 L Location offr.eetinger. - 2943 N; Charlotte St., Gilbertsville, PA Timeand'd$te held: as'necessary - next meeting: 7/13/83 i
/
( Contact person for evacuation planning: Daryl Groves, E.M.Dir. n Mailing address: Lutheran Rd. Gilbertsville, PA. or- Anita John at l Township Bldg. I Phone.. number - (215)754-6176 323-1008
" ~
Has a first draftzkadiological Emergency Response Plan for f Limerick been completed? Yes., Also second draft completed and '
- t. ruauy Apr revAsw. ,
If not, yhac is the st'att's of evacuation planning? - l
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Is public input being incorporated into your planst No one has- '
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indicated interest, but we would be pleased to have public input. 1 Ify5's',how? '
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Please fill out and return to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION P.O. Box 761 Pottstown, Pa. 19464 Name of Municipality:' onn., erna.r4rk mnonews n Location of meetings: Upper Frederick liunicipal Building at. /a, voeilsx, Pa. . Time and'date held:_ 2nd Tuesday of every month at 3:00 P;i Contact person for evacuation planning: Charlas :leehan Mailing address: RD. Perkiomenville. Fa. 18074 Phone numbers' 754-6583 Has a first draft Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Limerick been completed? Yea If not, what is the status of evacuation planning? l Is public input being incorporated into your plans? Ilo If yes, how? l l WIr/e!-
-Please fill out and return to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION P.O. Box 761 Pottstown, Pa. 19464 t
'Name of Municipality: hAl/CO C /./)/U d / N Location of e COL n h,/0 U/ iY/O , !YW. '
Time and date held: O MOD CI YE M d.0 1 7.' '3d Contact person for' evacuation planning: h8/f T/kh 66( 6 @ Mailing a'ddress: Cd'$ [& " 4A N ' M /MZT Phone' number: bM[ dD ^DW MI6dI' k8 "MGb-
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Has a first. d_rait Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Limerick been ' completed? - fg g ggy 4ggf_g
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If not, what is the status of evacuation planning? Is public input being incorporate'd into-your plans? tAEPM
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Please fill out and return to: LIMERICK ECOLOGY ACTION P.O. Box 761 Pottstown, Pa. 19464 Name of Municipality: d m b , $ Msw d\x M
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-* ~ P.O. Box 76 John C. Martin, Jr.
Devault, Pa.19432 J hn B. Gannn - -- L."2 William W. Buckweiter Mrs. Peggy Gallagher . V211cy Hill Road. Box. 48, R. D. #1 , Malvarn, Pennsylvania.193SS , March 7, 1984 Mrs. Katrina S. Daly-c/o Daly Box 276 South Orleans, Massachusetts 02662 *
Dear Mrs. Daly and Family:
Your letter of February 27 has been received and it, along with comments and ques-tions of other Charlestown residents bearing on the subject of your letter,'was the reason that we invited members of the Chester County Emergency Services De-partment and Philadelphia Electric to attend our recent regular March Supervisors' Meeting (March 5, 1984). Although Philadelphia Electric did not choose to attend, there were two members of the Chester County Emergency Services Department who appeared at the meeting prepared to answer questions concerning the sire.a tower p rob lem. , As you seem to know, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has dictated that the Limerick Nuclear Power Station operator, Philadelphia Electric Corporation, must install. and maintain a public warning system to indicate to the pubile that there has -been a nuclear incident or event at Limerick. The warning system must alert all personnel within a ten mile radius of Limerick. (The ten mile figure is an increase from the original five mile figure.as a result of the Three Mile Island event.) . All of Charlestown Township north of the turnpike is defined as lying within this area.
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Philadelphia Electric has elected to use the siren system to provide the necessary warning Just as they have already installed and demonstrated around the Peach Bot-tom piant on the Susquehanna River. You are. correct in your opinion that the sirens will be mounted atop a fif ty-five
- foot- pole or tower which will, in addition, support an air compressor to power -
the siren. Charlestown has been advised (after questioning Philadelphia Electric and Chester County officials) that we will have five such towers. The township has not approved any tower installation either as to location or con-figuration, nor will we do so until there is some action by Philadelphia Electric to apply for a zoning variance since such a tower exceeds our Zoning Ordinance as to height. The placement of any tower must consider both its purpose as well as
.its detrimental impact on nearby residents.
You should realizu . hat the acceptance of any Philadelphia Electric request by a resident will leave that resident liable for a zoning violation within the town-ship and we do not intend to accept or condone such action. l < a
/Mrs. Katrina S. Daly ' March 7, 1984
- At present, no negotiations have been entered into between Charlestown Township
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and Philadelphia Elect-ic, or any other agency'in their employment, as pertains to the' erection or. placement of the siren towers. , t Charlestown Township does have an Emergency Coordinator whose of ficial duties in-
'.clude working with the County Emergency Services Department and with Philadelphia Electric.in the development of an evacuation plan suitable for imp'lementation should an accident at Limerick necessitate such action. To date this effort has not. addressed' the siren warning system, although the need and existence of some such system has been recognized. It should be realized by everyone in the town-ship .that :there should be in existence a plan for handling any sort of catastrophic event. 'The events considered include a problem at the nuc, lear power station, but also such events as a large explosion or a plane crash or an accident involving hazardous materials on our roads or on the turnpike, to name a few. The develop-ment of the evacuation plan 'for Limerick has been a very strong incentive to ini-
-tiate plans for all such' accidents so,.in that sense, it is a good thing because no such plan has been generated before. ,
- You should know that the. development of the evacuation plans has not yet proceeded to that stage where it can be presented to the township population, but rest as-
'sured that as theidefinition of a plan becomes more clear, such a public review will be held. A meeting will be announced and held wherein taxpayers can be in-formed of the plan and then be heard as to comments or revisions for such. Any action relative to the placement of the siren towers will also be discussed with the nearby residents prior to implementation.
In ans.wer -to your last paragraph concerning the Chester County-Charlestown Township
~ Emergency Services organization, yes, such an organization does exist and it has been functioning very effectively for the past several years. All fi re and _ ambu-lance and industrial or vehicle accident events are, and have been, coordinated and implemented by these organizations. We are fortunate in having several superb.
emergency agencies to take action as-necessary to combat such events. I am re-ferring to the Kimberton Fire Company, the East Whiteland Volunteer Fire Company, and the State Police, as well as the Paoli paramedic team and, if need be, the Keystone Helicopter Corporation, all of whom stand ready to respond to emergencies in your townr. hip. We, you'r-supervisors, welcome your interest in your township and urge you to par-ticipate in all activities which make this a wonderful place to live. . , , Sincerely yours,
- b,., b. p z
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John B. Garvin Chairmen, Board of Supervisors CC: All Supervisors , All Planning Commission Members Zoning Officer
-Emergency Coordinator with a copy of Mrs. Daly's letter A-
February 12 / , 1984
. John B.-Garvin,' Chairman Board of : Supervisors--
- Charlestown. Township-Box 119, RD#1 '
'Malvern,.PA 19355
Dear Chairman Garvin:
The Philadelph'ia Electric Company has approached' us requesting that we grant.them an easement for the purpose of installing a pole with a platform, compressor and siren on our property in Charlestown Township. This pole is to be used for.an emergency alert system. m.It is our understanding, from conversations with Mr. Amatucci
, of PECO, that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in 1980, announ-ced requirements that power plants have emergency warning systems for the public. We understand that the system is to be maintained by PECO and run by the civ'il defense of each county.
We understand that this pie will be fifty-five feet high. It will
.have wires-or cables attached. We have no knowledge about their size. The platform will be fifteen feet in the air. It will be 2 X 3- feet and have a compressor. box on it. We assume repair people will climb the. pole to get to the platform as -no: ladder was mentioned. The siren unit will sit on top and consist of a horn sticking'out three_ feet "or so"-it will rotate. The federal government apparently requires that this be set off for three minutes once a month. ..
PECO sishes--us tu grant the easement en the sou theast side of-Charlestown Road - there is apole across from the Joseph Smith - residence (chis pole has a bright pink-orange NO TRESPASSING sign on it). PECO would like to put the siren there - the present pole would be removed and a new pole placed "5 to i feet" into the field. They would also accept an easement to place the pole "5 to 7 feet" into the field up the hill at the 11ocation of the next pole (this pole is hard to see but is , where the woods and field meet).
<+ .. - ,...-..#,. ,,--__.,...m .m- _ . . _ . , _ _ _ . , . . . . , _ . , _ _ _ . . - , _ _ _ . _ , _ - . , _ .
l Chairman Garvin Feb. 27, 1984 Page Two We would appreciate hearing from the authorities of Charlestown Township as to whether or not a zoning variance is nee,ded to place-this pole. Are any other actions or permits necessary before said pole can be placed? . We would also like to know whether or not Charlestown Township has adopted any evacuacion plans relating to the Limerick Nuclear Power Plant and if the adopted plan mandates or agrees to the PECO emergency alert system. In other words, have the author-ities in Charlestown reviewed the plan for placement of the poles? It not, why not? It seems to us that this.is a matter for public review. _The sirens are to warn people. We assume they will be very loud. We assume -their presence will devalue our . property and the property of adjoining and nearby property
- owners.
We object to providing power from nuclear power plants. We feel-they are extremely hazardous to each person's health: they are too costly in terms of health, environmental damages and capital. We object to_possibly having to grant an easement to enable Limerick to go "on line". Finally, we are rather uninformed as to the organization of the Chester Coun.ty-Charlestown Township Civil Defense. We need to know if they are organized, if they will be on duty twenty-four hours a day, whether this alert system will be run by. them from West Chester or Limerick and whether or not Charlestown has
" official" people involved. ..
Thank' you for your attention to this lung letter ated many questions.
' Sincerely, Katrina Stonorov Daly and also for: Barbara Stonorov Derek Stonorov Andrea Stonorov Foster cc: All Supervisors All Planning Board Members Zoning Officer
- . 3 .
4 March.12, 1984 R'obert TWUS'aylor, l Chairma'n-ON.;CoventryiTownshipiSupervisors E873:S.;Hanover St'.? lPottstown,zPA. 1946_4--
'Resi:LimerickiCenerating' Station Draft. Evacuation Plans'& Siren 1
Alerting: System?
- Desr, Chairman ' Saylori-ThisLletter 'is~ drafted'in response to. Philadelphia 1 Electric's
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tsyncuation plans forsthe: municipalities'and townships within-the
-10nmile radius. of its -Limerick _ nuclear power plant.
, As resident's of NorthfCoventry;T ownship, Chester1 County,-as parents and1as tax-
- payers,;we aretdissatisfied with these plans ~and distressed in
- their :: lack ; of iconsideration for :our- Township and' County Jand cur-
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trounding: jurisdictions. Forfexample, on ~or about the second week of February 1984,
-sirens were installed-in'7 sites around our1 Township'by_PECO iwithout prior approvalffrom_ourLTownship Supervisors, the Zoning-JBoardfandlcertainly without-notice to the residents of-this Town-
- chip. In fact..one such siren'has~been' erected on a44 foot. pole
.across theiroadway1from-isome of our properties in a highly residen-Ltic1Larea,..withoutLregard to height restrictions,l road setback, proximityEto' homes, population density, and;prope~rty-devaluation.'
- PEC0fhas wrongly asserted that it is exempt-from all zoning restrie-tions and :was acting _ under mandate from the Statef and PUC. ~ ' liowever.
-PECO.~never-even: applied to the PUC for'an exemption and acted; withouticolor'of; authority in' erecting these< sirens. . Furthermore.
-PECO spokespeople have provided Inconsistent" data about the fre-qucncy, duration of testing and decibol level.
Sie arelangered ~aboutthe deceptive manner in' which this siren-Joyotes is1being installed and theDattempts to circumvent local 1 proc edures.: iWeiare-angered-about the-effect.the installation of
;thace. sirens towering over.our' homes will have.on the value~of our-prop'erties'and theleffectithe. repeated testing will have.on our.
children ^and. animals. This surreptious' approach employed by PECO leaves' us residents skcptical of'any. materials' offered by PECO for approval and acceptance. ' Aa'you are aware the Limerick nuclear facility'is in the second most-
- dsnselyLpopulated. site in the U.S.; at 20 miles, Limerick is four
- tinos more densely _ populated.- The state'of emergency preparedness-provides; reasonable assurance =thatcprior to license issuance lcdcqu' ate _ protective measurec can and will be.taken-in the event of
- c-radiological ~ emergency. Despite_PECO's false statement that most l townships .have : submitted their evacuation plans for review,- lingering Jend upsetting-questions remain.whether these evacuation plans can e Lba implemented in sufficient time to protect public health and.
safety during an incident at Limerick:
- (1 ) ' ~TheiEPZ-is arbitrarily set at a 10 mile radius' yet how can J
radiation be stopped at a township line? Where are the reliable time estimates for evacuation to be completed? (2) No realistic assessment has been made of road capabilities, congestion created by traffic flow, inclement weather and ingress in-to more densely populated areas (e.g. King of Prussia, Exton). How will tow, gasoline, busses and other emergency vehicles get through? (3) Limited resources, insufficient equipment ana personnel avail-ability will impair the ability to implement these plan's. How can the police, fire department and " volunteers" effectively evacuate the handicapped, invalids, pre-school children in private-day care, and the large segment of the population that remains without trans-potation or even sufficient gasoline on the day in question? Where are the necessary busses, ambulances and vehicles to meet these needs? (4) Will school personnel, supervisors, and teachers remain with our children when the fate and whereabouts of their own families are unknown? (5) Who will secure our homes and businesses from vandals and looters once there is a general or selective evacuation? (6) What precautions are being taken in the event of a spontaneous evacuation during preliminary stages of alert and preparedness? (7) Why has the date July 25th been designated for the evacuation drill? How can an accurate assessment of emergency preparedness be obtained if a substantial segment of the population will.be on vacation and our children be outside a school or pre-school setting when the testing is even done? . The questions are endless. The concerns are mounting, especi-ally in view of PECO's attempts to bring in uranium fuel rods to store on site at Limerick later this month. Blind acceptance of PE's decisions are not in our community interests and we request of you, as our elected officials, to investigate these issues and to speak up now to safeguard the area in which we live and to protect our future and our childrens' futures. Sincerely, %>' k W D .b .c a a*. pA
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')J. X*det. ) -l Wa l N d@PJ r/Wg R. %fA' 9(k N-Letter sent to U.S. Senators A en Specter and John Heinz; State Senators John Stauffer and Noah Wenger; State Reps. Samuel Morris and Arthur Hershey; Chester Co. Commissioners; North Coventry Twp.
Supervisors; PUC Commissioner M. Johnson , Secretary Jerry Rich. A .
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GU9.u5\d kC%f. Wief .
- Reaetion - 6u n ->e>>e'r- ae "-eaek Elementary School. The balloons (Continuedfenm Page h contamed anti nudear messages.
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"hectie in the beginnina " Dobson Both mnts wmu auenM LoCalo#iCials e ==%'== = Dave~--- Stone.of LEA. state r b em a different type was '*" ^""'
D0lCe COnCerRS By CAROL BALINSKI Re'"r"l&' Me" '"'"C ;':ce::"g'L',%-l,',,u'"f Alliance, both erpres' sed c 5taff Writer but Dobson said that all areas may at e Firefighters, volunteers not be covered at the same time at ' '"y,g ph"g' g" go e, Emergency Services informing some and . present.duetothe umnstalledstrens. #' "' townships and fire companies to citizens involved in Wednesday's - chang d " 'f emergency evacuation drill for the t p udding expect the sirens to sound between rot;TE. ALERTING *" *#' N 'IU h30 and 3.30 p.m. IJmerick nuclear power plant Dobson satreed with other fire Si'f I' reacted today with concerns over the reach and will be more convement to "That bothers us. It was a shaky abshty to hear the strens and whether chiefs who said they did not have time "3'* hi'nd of dnll." Stone said, notinat that there was enough time to carry out to complete their route alerting ? W n at a gW d everyone knew when to espect the emerrency preparations. before the evacuation was called for. "" 8 emergency. Area firechiefsand citizens agreed He enplained the firecompanies were { d ny However, a representative from a et the sirens were not as loud as ex. told to take publicaddress system ton site unW W ! ate in th the Emergency Services office saw trucks out on the road to alert . drill. He said they were not familiar no need to defend the letter. note:: .t pected.but Kimberton Fire Chief Bob residents to turn on their radios for Dobson attnbuted that t) the fact that information regarding the with the area and could not find the was no secret the dnll would
, mad.
aD the sirens have nct yet been in- emersency. probably occur at night, when stalled. Forty-six of the 156 warning The purpose of the reception center volunteers would be available. He strens planned for the Limenck area The route atertmg is designed to . is to provide maps and information to also said townships needed to know stillhave to beputin place. supplement the siren system in case evacuating residents who then when to espect to receive phone calls While Phoenisville residents the sirens failed to sound and also to proceed on to the mass care facility. fromcitizens about the sirens. outdoors or near an open window provide information to those who One group was diverted to Kennett The LEA observers rathered in-could hear the sirens easily, some maynot be able to hearthe sirens. ; Square High School in Wednesday's formation from the drill and plan to residents complained they could not However. Dobson and the other dnD. pomt out deficiencies.he said. chiefs stated they could not complete hear the strensindoors. Even though most evacuatm.q In Phoenixville. Bernah Coun-Paul Martens,214 Kleyona Ave., thetr routes in the a!!oted 454nanute residents would be able to find the c Imembers Bonnie Aucust. Ifelene Phoenixvtlle, stated he could not hear time penod. He and two cther fire mall. Turner said he will request the Rambo. Robert Stark, John Fedora the strens with his air conditioning chiefs, Linwood Kolb of Ridge Fire site change because the parkmg lot and Alex Kovach and Borough turned on. He stated a siren was less Co. and 14wis Deputy of Imdwigs location would still be unsatisfactory 11anager Bill Herman were present than a quarter-mile from his home, Corner Fire Co., stated it took them in, bad weather and entrance to the lot at.the Emergency Operations Center, on Pennypacker Avenue. over an hour to complete their routes. msght be made difficult due to traffte .It wasn't the dri!! people ex-Dobson suggested the firemen may Dobson said when au the sirens are congestion. The township buildirig is pected " August said, notmg the installed they will overlap areas so need to use more trucks and divide conveniently located just off Route strens were not asloud as she thought that all residents wtB hear them. The the area into more routes. 100, he noted, and all maps and they'd be While he stated the dnll was sirens rotate in different directions supplies are stored there. she added. "ft (the dn!!! was done
* ** (See REACTION.P2)
- e Representatives of I.imerick systematically. They carried out the Ecology Action af.EAi. Schuylkill job very mell."
, August remarked that she was sti!!
Alliance and other cbservers took unsatisfied with the fifth draft of the part of theinSfonNomery a demonstration County Cour-on the steps boroush's evacuation plan which wa theein N.,rnstown Wedre. day ard used i:' the dn!L which is why W 8 $WWeigry .21sa tack part in a votei t,y .::an. ar,sinst the beret 3N r e E % ~P %
'7/nly Hospital carries out s
decontamination drill By CAROL BALINSKI volunteer victim, who was supplied . . _ _. Staff Writer through the Chester County PHOENIXV!!LE - A decon. Departmentof EmergencyServices: tammation dnll at Phoenixville Following the 9 Hospz*tal .
'8'Id '"' 'h' h*"D3I '* d'#8 Y' Dr. Tayior s-dihe ,ad1aiion weuld -
i Hospital went smoothly Wednesday, O'Sullivan, consultant Jack decay over a pened of time, exercise'diation ra Ic,sta.nssal ram Paare h drawmg praise from a representative sometimesin less than eight days. of Energy Consultants. Inc. who physteist for Phoenixvtile Hospital and two nuclea r medicine She said the dese of radiation shich and an observer of the dnll, stated. "! called it hadscen- the best first-ttme drill he feel the hospital la sufficiently technologists. All of the staff mem- was involved in the mock dnll was bers wore gowns, masks and caps to low, prepared to handle a case of protect them from radiation ex- However, all ambulance personnel The dn!! occurred around I p.m.. ' radioactivecontamination.- posure. precedmit the emergency evacuation had to be monitored as well smee it dn!! for the Ilmenck nuclear power Dr. Taylor said the hospital was tikely they would have become plant. The decontanunation dnll was received word that a radiation viettm VICrDIStONITORED contJmmated whfie transnorting was en route to the hospital via When the victim arrived, staff him. In the dntt some of the am-not ) conducted as part of the Sprinit City Ambulance. He was emergency evacuation dn!!, as was reportedly transported from the members began to rhomtor him with butance workers did receive con-the hospital's survey meters to detect the amount of tammation and had to be decon-dnlllast night. volunteer evacuation Pennhurst Center adnumstration radiation involved. They also wore taminated. building. A male volunteer underwent a dosimeters to measure the smotmt of Dr. Dooley and the twa nuclear Dr. Taylor said the staff members radiation they recetved. medicme specialists did a!! the mock decantammation in an isolated first cordoned sect 2cn of the hospital, according to the hospital so that contanunation off an isolated The patient area of was then tahen to a surveymit for contammation, Dr. Dr. Jean Taylor. chief technologist of could not occur and posted siens special room where the decon- Taylor satJ. tanunation procedure, which consists the Department of Diagnostic warnmg " Caution - Radiation Imaging. She noted the exercise did not take Area." of flushing has body ulth water, would place m the emercenry rncin since a Dr. T#ylor said the team of nurses take place. If the emergency had rest decontammation coul6f result in The staff on hand included several been reat. ths man's clothmc would contammation for nearty areas of the and doctors, some of whom nurses: the emercency room spectalized in nuclear medicme, physician: Dr. Ta3for: Dr. Stschaeg have bm placed into a receptacle hospital and wnul<f reqmre ff a "went throueh the motions" of .Doo!ey, radiatmn protection orfacer, lined with plastic and put mte an closme nf t! e emergercy rwm decontaminatmg the umdentified (Set HOSPITA1. Ptn Ik
'lt 10D AY'S WE ATHER ' ainahs l'criants of rain hkely I -
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'l tonight with lows in the .
gfU. anid to upper 60s. Con- , uderalste cloudiness c,y I I k l . Ili I in Ib1$ s . c c -, . ,2 m -- - ; _ , FOR CI.AMIFtEIWl'Al.I.. VOL, 94 '- No. 256 4 Thursday, July 26,1984 . Phoenixville, Po, 30' mm Emergency drill turns up strengths, weaknesses . Il> bl. JO4N hh INTlHE declared the reactor stabilized, the simulated release of vices, Donald Sees, commenting after the drill, said that morning that the drill was neither a total success por a Siaf t wriser radiation stopped, and the ezercise concluded, to general, official observers from the Federal totalfailure, . 1INIFallCK - Plut.edripl.sa Electric Co. 2fficials say "We confirmed some strengths and weaknesses la the Emergency hfanagement Agency (FEntAl agave us , there man " successful" conununity participation in its news center operation. We depended on technical in. pretty good corrunents." Sees stressed that the official COOD BAD t drdi to sai rc>punse m case of an accident at its timerick formation from the plant, but the eschange ofinformation evaluation comes Friday morning when FEh!A and the "It was a valuable experience. We learned some of the nucicar p mcr plant, t,ut wilers disagree. through the agencies out there outpaces our ability to Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) publicly critique problems and good areas " hfcNamara said. "The plan The das bm.t esercise beg.an at 11.20 a.m. Wednesday,' cosivert it to news and get it out. participants. needstound.-rgoalotof analysis.
. h. n i siirrn k upcratars mere given theoretical "We think st's a very successfs.1 participation in terms "They noticed that the noise level inside the EOC '"Some people (volunteerst actually drove to the pr..t.icm. annulatmg actidents at the plant, PE of interest," said ilarper. "Some see st as a good esercise. (Emergency Operations center at Phoenisville llospitall Unionyt!Ie mass eare center. They.went throuch the pikesinan ibn llarper s,.id. It uas the only " full. They would go through the same steps to test their was too high, said me need some additional phones, and reception center at Eston (Square hf all) and mere sent on p rtu ap u.m ruvrciw" se heJul d tefore the decision is communications abilities and response in any kmd of we had some problems with the plans - but we performed to Unionville. We linow a bus from East Pakeland got to su.nic us. m h.uwt tu ln en=e I mwrk k. emergency-nuclear,chemicalor weather-related." well.We had a good turnout of volunteers. At one time, we the reception center at Eston and was sent tuerk because lian p. t. spcalug iruns a n.ma center at PE's had a total of about 60 in the EOC," Sees said. the esercise had conctuded.
41ala Iciplaa headqu rters, callcJ it a " challenging ' GOOD 00hthlFNTS' John h!cNamara, assistaat director of the Chester "'there are defirutely things we need to improve and racisine" as at esaleJ at Il p ari. It was lf.cn that PS Phoenisville's volunteer director of emergency ser. County Department of Emergency Services, said this (See DatII.1, P2)
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WEST CHESTER-PAOL1--CO ATESVILLE, PA., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 19.1982
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g Emergency pian p<.. 4 C .. .. . atI..imerICk .IS Q . 4: hl,. ' s
+.34 new baIIgame- W.% =
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'- - By DAVE Aft lE!.1ER power in Aprd.1985, prJvWed the Nuclear Y'**
g . J (Of ** tdest News 5caff) Regulatory Commimos approves its n. Peach Bottom and t.imeret are so **. Campbeu said awawy plans
-; ,,1 h'.h.
(' - I mies apart.as mecrow niet For the me . most be ready before the beg 1cning of the MRC's liceamat betags (tentatively ~'
.,4
( Y.h. $ 's[,7-] ige tortst.it's comederably fareer. But for the emersency ptanner. Peach seeduled for earty tss4.3 . U i o np E Bottorn amil.imerick are worWs apart. la the meantime.Campbed m!!have to , i d E' E True both are nuclear piams. Both are coortsate me pianang efforts of 14 i h. owned, la part or to full. by Phdadelphia ern Chester County muntepaliues ,. - ,u ,,, E!actric Co. Boe requre emergency with a combmed population of 57.000. W.9 . . plans to prepare residents mthin a 10 That's pmided wz municipality m2 ' , ;_
&":. _/
mile radius for erscuation or take<over mperate Richard Whidock, for one. is g,, .5,; orders. . broadcasting strong signals that sorne.
. ' But there's a critical difference be- may not mthout some financialbe!p. .
tween the two. One is runang.the otheris "The number one question to me, as beng built. chairman of the board of supervtsors of .,"_".".'*'*W - - (-[hp-l .- ~. '4. ci There's another important difference. th Coventry Township and as head of 'id'+ % .Mst.- p A 4 The Mehhaa is considerably denser around!.imerick. Federatioetaf Northern Chester Cous-Communities. is, somebody has to pay W '"-- 3 C-
~-
- Thirdly, opponents to IJmerick are stig the bdl," Whitlock said. -
Six. township federadoe.
- actively working to prevent it from ever ,
operating. Indeed, opponents succeeded Whitlock heads a federation of six town - . this year in halting - at least temporarily ships - East Pikeiand. East Vincent. ' , q
-construction of the second ci two reac. West Vlacent. South Coventry. North Co- .,g -
tors, ventry and Warwtck -that forms a cres- , ~1
, And at least one municipal official is cent across northern Chester County from p sr"' '. -
oppomos creating emergency plans that . Kimbertaa to E!verson. De ares is rural -~ " e ' e are naanc s by township coffers. .. - the averare populattom of the sax town. This (Jmenck equation makes it a sure ships is caly 3.570 - with South Covestry .
.'" bet that planning for an emergency at' (pop.1.544) one of the taa.81** townships , " -__-*"" ~ ~ _
2* Umerick will hardly be a smooth process. la the coenty. ..
- f- -
C y "It's a different ballgame." ademtted Whitlock estimated that plaaning for sa - C> county emerwncy services dirweene Pm. emergency at IJmerick could cost South . einy umpeetl who supervised the coun. Coventry $10.000. He said the township g sy a miour emergency drin for Peach
- coGects 83.000 la taxes and has ao full-Bottom backisJune. .
time employees. , Ceeperades not as easy "How cza I justify to the voter; of my Canspbeu sand grtting the cooperation . township incresung our budget 40 percent of rendems near 1.imerick won't be near- to provide a plan for a CJmpany that 38-17 as easy as it was in West Nottingham .nounces quarterly divWends to its sha.e- .*
- Tomiship. .. . . holders?" Whitlock said. "I can't jusufy --
- "I'm sure as we 30 further along. that to myself morally.".'
there1I be a reluctance on the part of Whitlock admitted every township is some." CampbeG said. "It (!Jmertck) is charged with prepenng emergency plansL stul a very emotional tssue. It ts very dif- .-We are not opposed to a plan" w. 4 .. ferent atnaphere from Peach Bottom. Whitlock said. "I'm not saytag we're op .. j ggicg ' '.' People down there were used to it. The posed to IJmerick. In pnnciple, we're P"'
' plant was running while we were plan" looking for a ptaa. But dama. I can't see compfge and scheouled to m beg?
mag." asking the people la this commumty to produong power in April,1983, timertek Iis almost 80 percent com- provided the Nuclear Requiorory plate and scheduled to besta producing (Constased as Page 1 Column 6) Commission opproves as license.
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m'. The Schwenksville! ' Devoted to the Interests of the Perkiomen Valley , VOLUME 106, NUMBER 49 SCHWENKSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA THJRSDAY, i_ AUGUST 9,1984
~
ln Perkiomen Township " ' ' TEN CENTS Big Question "Who is got to pay if a
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(CONTINUED FROpf PAGE OWE) volunteer is hu during an "I can't bri ~ people outwfic allowed to o to~theiz; own mun-emergency test or actual inci- .ded.not
. . are covere ' Meyers ad-he said that it mighttake icipality to do volunteer work dent?" was the unanswered action by the state legislator during an emergency.
question at the Perkiomen before the problem is corree- The township wiu keep af-Townshap supervisors meeting ted. ter the matter to try to get an Tuesday nignt in the Perkio- answer. m:n Valley High School cafe- "I don't like to come down on you" board chairman Dick Much of the board's meet-t:ria. Kratz sa,id to Whitman, "but ing was routine monthly re.- Greg Whitman a Philadel- ports. phia Electric Com,pany repre- this is the kind of thing' I think is PE's responsibility . The township awarded a
.sentative,_ hoped he had the contract for the reconstruction answer when the supervisors ' Supervisor Van Lyon had thoughts along the same line. - of Godshall Road to the Floyd went into the public participa- "The average resident cannot Birsch contracting firm for a tion of their meeting. afford the luxury of waitingfor ' low bid of $73,933. The town-Whitman was there to ans- insurance", he pointed out. ship had expected the job to -
war the question which had 000 b:en voiced before by the sup- Whitman said he didn'thave cost sligitly over $80'so np'- i the answer and that while Phil- The s ervisors al l crvisors. adelphia Electric may be in-he said that the volunteer volved in a nuclear emergency $ roved a [ve lot subdiv ridge Street submitted by t could be covered by their own Barbara Koch. ! Insurance file a claim with it was not involved in other Mary Wills was named as ' types of emergencies andcould 3 the Pennsy,lvania Emergency not be totally responsible for the new township secretary. - Management Association, or She has long experience in go to Philadelphia Electric for the volunteers. He also noted township matters and recently in some instances that PE didn't write the rules resigned as the SkippackTown , help'I don't like that idea" s and had to abide by them just ship secretary. crvisor Dave Meyers said g as the township did. . She started woik Monday. . i think the volunteers should be At the same time the supervi - gp] respgse ed togest on sald sors announced that the town- t l
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pen on. , he s w were not ac uaby m to 4 Inted out that needed at the nuclear plant . through Frib.m. y. fon ay i vclunt er firemen are covered during an emergency, wouldbe Tbe l r while answering an emergency. , d b '8W gs-(CONTINUED ON PACE TEN) was postponed until August 22. ;
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SPRING-FOR'D AREA' i 2.Se'ctions,20 Psges ?;5d. , Wednesday, May 9,1984 . . (USPS 256720) 25' Per Copy l-1 ! s.e ar .uo inio aonc. c Evacuat'on plans discussed 2 l~ E nwf at U.P. Board meeting l
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By ANNETTE KADASH will be traffic control. The function of relation to a nuclear power accident." i C . a '- " the firemen will be any route alerting He added that the township is
' where the sirens did not activate or requirers to sign agreements with At the Upper Providence Board of were not heard, like in a park where l [L
); g i Supervisors meeting Monday night, people are picnicking. Firemen will a towing company tnat wouio nave to - various outside concerns _ such as_ i* ,
" ,' , , t . Jack Shutes Jr., emergency man- restrict incoming' traffic and assist in agree to clear the roads blocked by l Ik 3 ~3 .i H
, % asement coordinator for the town- routing outgoing traffic." Area far- cars. He went on to say that getting i
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- f. ;. ship, gave a brief outline of the mers will be an exception since they _these contracts will take considerabie i ;
I J emergency evacuation plan to be will be permitted back on to their time and planning. "At this point,' l$ ' ff used by residents. property to feed their animals. "After i , )y > j Shutes explainedthat the township the. emergency is over," Shutes many _ Waterman saio, "we don't outside commitments we know can n
! would "Ijrst receive notification of an noted, " procedures for getting things expectJ
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/ *jemergencyf romthepowerplant.The back to normal cnuld take two days." "Another problem is detennining. +
l h; ' gE ; E jS "Ql 9; y county would then activate their'15 TownshipManager George Water- the size of the area where the police sirens." He was quir'. to point out man pointed out many questions that and fire ocoole would have to alert i . [F' 7 MWhy ' ' that " residents are not automatically must be cleared up before a workable residents in case sirens are inoper-
' M-AM.I ' hjp . ft 2~
g expected to evacuate upon hearing , evacuation plan can be anomvect able. We also have to determine the g -
. N.cq, d yh the sirens. They should turn to KYW "One of.the biggest questions is 1060 to receive further information." insurance," Waterman numberof emeraencyworkerswecan i A T n ,, ,
b W fNy W F Shutes said that the " police will fulfill " Generally speaking, there is a their normal functions until there is nuclear power exclusion clause which stated. deoendon. Unless we have volunteer firemen aareeing to otter their services in case of an emergency, we [ <.h ,7 Y an evacuation.Then their primary job wouldmakeanyclaimnullandvoidin (Continued on page 3)
[ Upper Frederick residents concerned about special home 2 Concerns over a proposed group 'home, Community Foundation for- "The home meets all building re- Township officials are still working. d home for mentally retarded men in c liuman Development in Sellernrille, quirments," said Ms. Katrinak, who on the plan with Philadelphia Elec-Upper Frederick Township were is licensed by the State Department did not know when the home would tric Co.'s consulting firm, Energy o raised by three residents at the of IIcalth and carries insurance that open but speculated that construc- Consultants. township board of supes visors meet- covers people in their program. - tion of the complex should be com- The supervisors also decided to
$ ing Thursday. night. 'lle noted that the group operates- pleted within a year, cancel pre agenda workshop meet-Kathleen Pramba, Route 29 and several group homes in the area and The five retarded residents, who ings for the months of June, July Waywood Road, who lives next door that they have not created any would spend much of their days at and August. Canceling the meet-ai to the the proposed site of the home, major problems in their com- offsite workshop facilities in the ings, which are held the first Thurs-A said she was concerned about her munities. *
. area, would be under the supervison day of every month, is a common p* and her neighbors' personal safety Community Foundation will not ' of two, day, time workers and one practice every summer by the E and wondered who would be respon , need township approval to run the person at e night.1 The supervisors board, which will continue to hold t3 sible if the retarded residents home, which will accommodate five would alternate shifts and would not its regular public meetings on the
! U caused property damage. mentally retarded men. The four live at the home, she explained. ~ second Thursday of,each month S Township ' solicitor Ronald Re- bedroom home is still under con- In other business, the board put throughout the summer. g" ynier said the residents would be struction and is part of the 12-homee out a request for 12 volunteers to act 8 held liable for their actions - just Oak 11i11 subdivision on Waywood as enordinators of the developing 2. 6 as any resident would be. Ile added Road, township secretary Donna _emereenev response plan for the~ . ~ that the group that will operate the Katrinak said. 1.imerick Nuclear Power Plany 4 4 i
r k The Mercury. Pot:stown, Pa.-Monday, Juni 18. 1984 - 7 Upper Frederick supervisors award resurfacing contracts ( I Upper Frederick Township super- Philadelphia Electric Co. visors Thursday night awarded bids A summer recreation program for the resurfacing of two township was also : announced. As in past roads. years, it will be held in conjunction Glaver Reid Co., New Berlinville, with New Hanover Township. was the successful bidder. An arts and crafts program will The roads stated for resurfacing be offered beginning June 25 and p a Swamp Creek and Colonial continuing from 9 a.m. to noon Mon- ; In other business, the supervisors . day through Friday for five weeks. The program will be held at the New announced that emergency sirens in Hanover-Upper Frederick Elemen-the township will be tested Monday. The township also seeks 16 volun, tary School. teers nor implementing its esacu. There will also be swimming for I ation plan. children ages 5 to 12. Registration The evacuation plan is required as for swimming concludes today at part of the licensing process for the the New Hanover Township build-Limerick nuclear plant owned by ing. Band to play at Perkiomen park The Norristown-Bryn Mawr Band Musicians Association local 341 of will strike up the music when it per. the American Federation of Mu-forms 4 to 6 p.m. this coming Sun. sicians. { day at the Lower Perkiomen Valley The Valley Forge Pops orchestra Park in Oaks. Upper Providence will play at IAwer Perkiomen Park ' Township. on Sunday, July I, while on that The concert is sponsored by Mont. same day the Verdi Band of Nor-gomery County Commissioners Rita ristown will play its annual concert C. Banning, Paul B. Bartle and at the Upper Perkiomen Valley Allan C. Myers and the Norristown Park in Green Lane. 1
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E Vedical expansion . 1 request for landfill (Continued trom pase one) U the commissioners, listed the reasons West Pottsgrove did not [g participate in the recent emergency g evacuanon drill at the Limerick nu-A clear power plant, site. One of the main reasons wss 'a lack of volunteers in the township h- that made it impossible to adequate-1g g ly test the evacuation plan. Bacchi - A said. Another reason was the resig. . g nation of Earl Keck, the township
* * " * " ' * * " ' ***'d
5 6 nator on July 5 due to a difference of g opinion and lack of communication with the commissioners. The new g , coordinator. Charles Christy. Rob- -
> e i erts Drive. Stowe. had less than .
three weeks to prepare for the drill.
-- m Fire personnel in the township
.... 4
- *" cE85 She$_" E o also complained that they did not i
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M U delphia Electric Co. said would be g g., g 8{=g *e3.ggg2 gg g C a. 3, h 3 aj 8 E.65,- provided. Other reasons m, cluded an unac- f o .= oow -G ceptable evacuation plan for the O fU8$*$5Qh$secm3 ay e-- Q *g gm U g 3,5 E 3g - handicapped residents of the town-es E *g g aGi d g'2 # 'N x $ I S . aration. ship m gand a general lack of prep- , g% c> c- a. 9=
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- 3 "The bottom line is that West Pot-tsgrove is saying that we are going
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to move ahead with the evacuation "D" g - o .c > - cE E$&E N.a
- g. c. = - plans, but we are not going to do it l d until it is done right." Bacchi said.
M w ' *s # 5 j $ .g ~e hIo."y$ U g b .D 8Eo $ A bid of $22.788 was accepted from the Pottstown Trap-Rock Quarries. g @ 56,8 $6{y2 jeSggg3J5:~g?!j a,- = e 3 5 - s. j Inc.. for overlay work to be done on / E 8 5 e-$.1 j 8n-y*eo [3 j 8ij 2 Berks Street between Monroe and 7 Glasgow streets and on Lemon 0*E. Sago eo O rye $glj#63gj! 85 Street between Monroe and Center -
. 6 O 3 ES ris 3 a3 = streets.
Commissioner John Ferranti said I g s. he noticed a problem developing in f E .- g,
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8*'8 th' ' ""* hip **'" ** * ' ! O - M Og8e A8 jeu e trash bags outside their homes '""*for .
*" 8 3, 2 3 c $ j M $ '" garbage collection instead of putting
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T v - C-al E the bags in trash cans. Some people C #ItE 3E,, $ 3 !~j $53 are letting the bags set outside for l $ days and are gettw ripped apart Q W - Ji g h 8 ~>, 8 " g ..: 2 by small ammals. a .a as skunks e*a a=m#* k% 3!$ .$ EEOg y j j Y 22*m8'$ 2 and rats. If the situation continues. (y 5>he he said, the board should consider
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g E g $ $ 'E j an ordinance to address the prob-m g580a Bg o og c* c,g y* eT-W '8 05 m c3 lem. Ferranti also said the township ~ T C w N$ 3 j$$ 6 $ 83S e $15 S *,55$ lE} Ef c should check into trash haulers who j' make stops in the township m the O >g 5y ,ogg$35gS23y5g. - early morning hours. Q -g
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12 6,3, "q y, h g,ag '[j hg said the West Pottsgrove Town Watch organization recently elected b b $ '3 Q k [ggg 4a 2*.Ugg
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, officers and are now usmg two.way rad.u. to be in direct contact with
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1 Cc=3 $y 3c 2je3 2 c8c-i= 5E E $ $ 3 o E the 6 police ately department to immedi-report crimes.. Q .
.I- .
14-The Mercury Pottstown, Pa.-Thursday, June' 7,1984 Plans are halted }
.until utility offers proper equipment The West Pottsgrove Township Commissioners voted Wednesday
- night to stop work on their emerg-ency evacuation plans unless the Philadelphia Electric Co. -(PE) provides the township with the ad-ditional equipment needed to imple-ment them.
Richard Bacchi, chairman of the commissioners, said that if .that emergency equipment is not forth-coming, the commissioners are not going to submit any additional
- plans.
Bacchi said that was the opinion. of the commissioners, the township fire marshal and - the township' emergency management coordi- *
- nator.
In other business, the com-missioners gave notice to the con-tractor to begin roadwork on South Grosstown Road. The board mem-bers said they anticipate opening the road soon. They also reported that 75 tons of material were collected recently during West Pottsgrove's cleanup-week. ,' , _a*
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\ PE trying to vfGrk with municipalities on .
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Editor's note: his last ci a three- . rv a . . g { part series on preparations for what no ! one w:nts to see - a nucient accident y ;.
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.t the Limerick power plant - zeroes '>
la on the people who plan how to , _2; combat the unthinkable.
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_ x.a,.g , s i By LESA J. AYERS g: g""Q t alg these things," she said. " People don't j Reporter Staff Writer " critical step" in the drawn-out licens-
@%% mis,g r. g,r,;.8j % eveng g how i to get out of their know ing procedure. "There is no ultimate 1
Roberta Kankus and Robert Brad- ! shaw don't think planning for disasters p h f y y (N M h ". *p [w[ ! house in case of a Gre." test until there would be a need to use h.3/; [f '[';#nt y -
- es ' * "
i is all that unusual. They're trained in i "g"IC gn to p ter their ' ! Preparing for the worst. ' reside
- lives and safety." The The test, Kankus said, should show When Kankus, Philadelphia Elec- they have a nuclear power plant. radiological planning project, she be. whether "the script," the procedures
{ ! tric's emergency planning chief, hears Airports practice for plane crashes all the time; hospitals and fire lieves, "just brings it up again before : laid out, will work. "It's not just j on radio about a disaster unfolding 4 the public." ' Paper," she said. The ability to follow she's quick to turn on the television companies stage thier own disaster' In res i to cne worried official's Procedures, she said, demonstrates j set. It's not because she thrives on bad drills periodically, they pointed out.} report comment' that the planning ne value of such practices is to preparedness. A lot of the problems j news; she s just interested in learning was a case of " putting the fox in charge ! with people, she said, is that "they I how others handle their emergencies. -minimize potential danaers. , in the henhouse," Kankus points out' don't understand the planning pro-that the counties are responsible for cess," I Bradshaw, a staff member of ' hey agree that before PE can get its operating license for the Limerick writins the plans. "PECO has no ' yea' ! Energy Consultants Inc., the Har- or 'nay* about them," she said. "The public doesn't have anybody it
! risburg-based consulting firm hired by' nucle 8r Power plant, the utility needs PE spokesman NeilMcDermott said I can trust," Kankus said. "A lot of PE to expedite the region's radio- to prove radiological response -
- people don't take the time out to l;.logical response plan, was living inures
. nP the review of the July 25 drill of the P listen. Most of them make up their Middletown in March 1979 when the E, em has W county radiological procedures is a, _ minds before they hear a single fact." ; Three Mile Island nuclear power . that local municipalities haven't been j st tion made international news. planning as required. That's why PE The Harrisburg area had no offsite hired consultants - to assist local ,
plans in place, Bradshaw recalls, but planners to comply with state and mc:t of the panic was generated by federal planning standards. 1 outsiders watching Walter Cronkite on PE is spending millions of dollars in TIey say l the effort.
! the evening news, he says.
i Planning for any type of emergency " People overlook the other uses of) l is not,ersy, they acknowledge. But in these inuclear disaster) plans,"
- the wake of TMI, state and federal Kanhus said. They could be used for
{ . regulations require such tasks of alt be it natural or
; loc",1 rnunicipalities - whether or not any manmade, large suchemergency' as a chemical spill.
"_ People don't ordinarily think about
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7 3 I 25* a copy 1 i e .~- .w:. .* . . . Drill to test Skippock's response to Limerick meltdown
- reneass el abee levolved wt2 wou. be tkne te nutdy key agures and park's eme.gency management ,elephemes wou. be lbeer prunary Emnes's mese m wreed to '
metwert and h the
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. _ t_he ecoremater., George _Huguea6a.
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*arans.uess in e meankme. state " emergency e ge pWuo
- m. ,,gfasm' essel fuel stations gecdaues of.its own.
home n en eplaantag._ W W ami wouldakhaugh be standing sen6m a _rsang high by at the Methacten schools le _ d===s t be Eat Skappert
=ma=as emer at theeery Geweworker !
l ( . effariah wdl be and two ambidences shorin.g ap Sksppah's 3 asembers, and along Itts 73 and its would remmesaul Wormaat.asul _64 he espakhed by ship ^ Wal6on. I i ts fuer ese trui ka. with empport open, and addttte.reugh made paddels met fusel would be
.e Pier.
the Plammers have said personnel fr8'm the county $uch warters adshe have state Burese af Cserschon waB be to augment thew segular gear wuh to Farmers wou. be allowed to return their farms le lead to hve Int - f l ananpower and reneusses Iress ao* reewe based Pennsyhrama P8-a6==.a 18' **1satag the 1.804 spaced respwatery equip-==* Separate schout plane should be ** I, as y pluane some areas tarisseng Bischs Gause usut. wturb County, whech wondd be repertug te le fuel umts Guardamen woubt anse would have wress 8 . hunales of the Esase Correchos. Each Skgpact eawrgeary worker woulil w_ a 6:eunste in an auter -'akk kad b_e schmachd& 18 provide the e _ lorarises the safety of
. Skappat eu lead thew serwares 2.appank tenedenis smust rely uP8 man tow armis se resieve any disabird weharles 54ase at C.raterford in the meassume, a " reception pucket Eack snest whale schnells he sessena g_y
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censer se sake in Skeppack remadents secord.untd s reading dhanksed every ban heer, and Skappact mudents would be taken by ?e
.ew own prmate vehwies to the phasne sone. prumardy v6a Rt 2 se get ou.t Tewasamp seedo"f crews would he we be readied a bloatsoenery Staa. esre the esposure haut reads In reme bus to host schools setting su at the le=
'3 pts itstoRt 73 Tsaifacemmesipalats sespasmus Ier renientag snow er skappack's plan dues not state who w4 be er she sami ge off duty. anos evacinauen routes and outside the ..% **'*
Em&geary wer%ers SnO take the phemie some Once there. set.aul . le direct motoruts - est ehly lge ettwr dchris
$6sppat evacuees but these kusa The fresS IlW naaws of M84R thune real$s weie _ ggggg gheER, bid $ktppack reshleets with nowhere she le go wdt be pulanuusa iodide only en the dkechos authorenes would stay we,h them untd
'e D t
assas chseef to the phat - will be set h_huund er handrapped er elother pn_ wuh ap_sel ar_pertauan 6.scled at the snaR,,to reportBeats at Central af the state Department of Healik to several they had been picted up y parents or Shussld a bie saving mhstos anee, a guardams. {* as
* {'
* '*1 my two.hsat puents.along and 48 Nds 6 and hasR173 843sat Itt 73,show. he en Ide at thelo_lup East,,and tatmeels ,,,e .c,et,,
est see ear and Lenape Welienteer rearbing a Ib rem hmit must en* set special,.. - 8ress a Sksppact Teasersew; PE expede e Taa;~ J,,.e 4 ChurcACutlegewdle.Etanburg Crues, enwe Such persons sheidd can the Jameer high erhools afhc6al to contaaue A paal ease.gency the afarenges of planalag la a pahine Leron uses .at andnewmh. Omamanpoh Rds wiu I h .las Iw sa.usscapal p . mus notbudeas dy,furhowe,n. a pickeywh. Theca.: veaun_teers esp. cud from the so miend .American werta hasRed not abagauem _r a shhh.*L Wernlag siren is instelled e s a h a.
4 h aMtan h COG reacts to plans Mi ' h on Limerick evacuation By FRANK WARNER Mercury Staff Writer The officials addressed their Carl Seiscio, the Iower Potts-comments to Ronald Deck, a con- grove Township representative to
, u y 4 A North Coventry Township sultant for Philadelphia Electric COG, told Deck it is " pie in the sky" N,, ,y supeivicor said Tuesday that in the Co., at the Tuesday night meeting of and "off the wall" to believe 180.000 s., case of an emergency at the Limer- the Pottstown Area Council of Gov- residents within a 10-mile radius of l 4 ick nuclear plant, his township ern.nents (COG). Limerick can be evacuated in an 4 wnuld b!Mkade Route 100 to allow Deck' is a consultant with the emergency.
#3 rr-"D O' *
$ 'only North Coventry residents to tisrAr,urg-based Energy Consul. William Deegan, the North Coven-cseape south on the highway. tk .ic. He told COG members try representative, said that if y' .h And a Pottstown councilman that PE has hired his group to help planners think people north of the 4 4 auggested *h at if there is an accident 42 municipalities around Limerick Schuylkill River will be able to go
. after % Lwerick plant opens in map out the emergency plans now south on Route 100 during an
~
1985, aa' ad trains two or three required by the state. evacuaton, they better think again. l miles IA % uld be ready to Deck met with plenty of skep. "We'll ' olock Route 100 to get our g ( ;3 evacuat nc ocuh of Pottstown. ticism at the COG meeting. (Centinued on Page 5)
"T -
COG reacts to plans on nuclear evacuation (Continued from Page One)
/ e' g - children out," he said. should concentrate on preventing The COG members finally voted to noted that in planning, the state Deck said his consulting already this thing from ever being licensed." schedule an April 5 emergency requires that all residents in that 4kg #rd- g has decided Route 100 will be used as Deck said that he, as an a southerly escape by Chester emergency planning consultant, planning meeting for all officials of area be moved to at least 20 miles governments surrounding the Lim- from the nuclear plant.
_ k County residents only. Montgomery ~ must assume the twin-reactor Lim- erick plant. The location of the Deck said he does not yet know g and Berks county residents will be erick plant will be licensed and meeting is to be announced at a later how much time the residents around
#'I .o - able to take Route 100 north. -
operatinglaterin this decade. date. Limerick will have to evacuate in j $ Edmund Skarbek, the Pottstown Richard Bacchi, the West Potts-Deck. said there are 42 the case of a worst-case nuclear g g representative to COG, brought up grove Township representative to municipalities within a 10 mile radi- plant accident. Experfs and gov-rt , the possibility of using a long train to COG, said the planning must be us of the Limerick nuclear plant. ernment officials are attempting to g evacuate Pottstown by railroad. done, whether or not COG members They include the nine boroughs of calculate that figure, he said. muna o And then Skarbek won Jered outloud
- are happy with the Limerick plant. Pottstown, Royersford, Spring City.
fi, Ile said 1.is firm expects that most d MD . hether w the council of governments "As I see Limerick," said Bacchi, Phoenixville, Boyertown, Green people would evacuate in their w-m .-- 'N is might be discussing the wrong sub- "it's nothing more than a cancer. Lane. Trappe, Collegeville and private cars, and about half would
"""~ S 3 ' ject. There's no stopping it." Ile said he is Schwenksville. go to the homes of friends and E* "Maybe we, as government of- concerned about how much the Deck's planning map calls the relatives. Planners will have to fiid N"'"
9" $ kB: ficials, are concentrating on the emergency planning is going to cost area within the 10-mile radius the schools, churches and other build wrong thing," he said. "Maybe we his township taxpayers. '
" Plume Exposure Pathway." lie ings for the other evacuees.
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%q PHOENIXViLi_E AREA SCHOOL Di3TR;CT
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' D' R. ROB ERT 0. MURR AY, SUPERINTENDENT -
August G.195-1 Mr. Henry C. Tamanini . Emergency Planning Specialist Energy Consultants, Inc. Riverside Office Center 3 2101 N. Front Street - Harrisburg, PA 17110
Dear Mr. Tamanini:
The Phoenixville Area School District has great concern regarding the lack of
- progress with the Radiological Emergency Response Pian which we hcVe been cttempting to develop for approximately the past two years. I wish to particularly call attention to what we consider to be the facts in this situation:
-(1) Our group has not had a m'ecting since November 3, 1983. Until a call to Mr. Leahy, made on July 31, 1984, we have not had any communication with your organization since April,1981.
(2) Concerning the April communiention, I tolephoned your office on April 17th attemptinc to discover when we would rcccive copics of Draf t 5. (Draf t 4 was received the first week of November.1983.) At that time, you informed me that Draft 5 ' would be sent to us "in the next couple of weeks." While this might be a misunderstanding, we still have not received copies of Draft 5. (3) Since. the first meeting, representatives of the
- School District have questioned the workability
- of our Plan; for example, we are seventeen buses
'short, do not have a list of supervisors for students, have no set evacuation route, and do not have emergency equipment as mentioned in the Plan.
(4)- We have also questioned. from the beginning. the financial responsibility for buses, equipment, supervision, etc.; for example, the School District does not own any buses and contracts at a cost of '
$80.00 per bus per day. Who is responsible for the -
'f cost of buses required for the evacuation? ADMINISTRATIOt3 GUILDING.1120 SOUTH GAY ST., PHOENIXVILLE, PA.19460 TELEPHONE 215-933-8861 _~
.ci 'l ,, ,
- j. ;
. Mr. Nenry C. Tamanini August 6,1984 i '
V 7 - '
. (5) The Plan mentions the need for an emergency telephone /
r communications system. When will this be provided and
- f 7.'y .
4
.g again, who has the financial responsibility?
4 u _ (6) Who is legally responsible for injuries to pupils and damage -
! gd, or destruction of equipment during either a drill or an ! s . ;.9 ! a-- actual emergency situation?
,h' ? . (7) One drill has been held to date and the newspaper speaks l
- of another drill. We would feel much more comfortable i .' if we were prepared for future drills, t
(8) We also read that Philadelphia Electric C'ompany is moving [ - nuclear fuel to the plant loading site. With loading of fuel I J' scheduled for on or about September 15, a lack of j .i preparedness is of great concern.
- f. :
(9) Mr. Leahy informs me that as of this morning we have a meeting scheduled fm August 28,1984. It was felt i that you should be fully aware of our concerns prior to
# that meeting.
We are of the opinion that Philadelphia Electric Company anticipates receiving approval to become fully operational regardless of the fact that the Phoenixville
' Area School District and many other school districts and municipalities have totally
[ j inadequate and incomplete Radiological Emergency Response Plans. Our Board of Education questions whether or not the development of our Plan, to date, coincides with the j ~ schedule of Philadelphia Electric Company. There is no doubt that this subject will be i discussed fully in the very near future by our Board. I We are looking forward to seeing you on August 28. In addition to the
- administrative members, we will be joined by Mrs. Diana Roberts and Charles Gutkowski,
; ' members of the Phoenixville Area Board of Education.
Sincerely yours, Robert B. Murray, E . D. [ Superintendent f i r ,
.[
RBM/csv . 1 t , CC: Robert Cane, Phila Elec. Co. Timothy Campbell, Ches. Co. Dept. of j 5 i Emergency Services Don Sees, Phoenixville Emergency c I - Operation Center J l i t
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approach PE about footing the bill. Downs added that such a move Caffrey voted would also "opan up discussion" SCh00i bOurd won S PE Originally Mr.
saiaa moraa<= in d-a' hat she changed her vote.
with moiivPE'Szenedy. who seconded ihe original motion to approach PE Morgan, who started his job in the to pay for independent e
=='em :r'm without Morga ec=n's involvement, s ; st e and-
'ation plans while he was in the "I understand it.now, Mrs. Rob-
@vaCUOIIon ConSUlfanf -
=i a'farl.- " ' ' ' " ' * * * "
- Though some school board mem-
;;4 d ,g,*gy," ;.',g,;a ,
By RICH KIRKNER . bers were anxious to make use of Under either resolution, the dis-Mercury Staff Writer his expertise in the field of emerg- trict would ask PE to pay a consult-h' ' ency evacuation, others were hesi-The Phoenixville Area School District, frustrated that a realistic emerg- tant. ant of the school board's choice ~ ency evacuation plan has not yet been drafted for the district, wants to hire "I just hope we don't use all of Dr. en independent emergency management consultant an:t pay that person "I don't think we're talking about Morgan's time on this and not doing a great deal of money," said Mrs. with Philadelphia Electric Company's money. what we hired him to do," said E. At its monthly meetmg Thursday night, the Phoenixville Area School Caffrey. "It could be $1,000, it could James Reichert, one of the three be 530.000, it could be nothing." Board voted 6-to-3 to approach PE with the proposal. who voted against the language As part of its licensing procedure for the Limerick nuclear power, plant, presented Thursday night. in other business Thursday, the PE must assist surrounding school districts and municipalities in develop . board:
; Reichert also argued that any ing individual evacuation plans. Energy Consultants Inc., Ifarrisburg, has '
time Morgan devotes to the emerg-
- IIcard from Business Mager Al-been contracted by the utility to aide those communities, ency evacuation plan would present bert Funk that the cafeteria service But school member Barbara Taggart Caffrey said Thursday that the an expense to the district. n district schools have turned a dirtrict's emergency evacuation committee has not been able to develop a , But Anthony Trezza stressed the profit of $11,000 through the past realistic plan with that consulting firm. importance m presenting a pack- school year, the first time in several
**The important thing is to get something started here so PE knows we're age" to PE before the board ap- years the cafeterias have made not happy with what they've given us so far " she said, proaches the utility with a request money. The profit will be used to Already the committee is into the fourth draft of the plan for schools in to fund an independent consultant. update equipment in the kitchens' Phoenixville, East Pikeland and Schuylkill. "I imagine we'll end up with six Reichert also asked board mem-
- Agreed to have the adminis-or seven drafts," said Dr. Robert Murray, district superintendent. "Per- bers, "What happens a,f PE refuses tration develop a written policy for sonilly, I don't see how the plan is going to work as it is now." to fund iti - retirement dinners for teachers Though six school board members voted in favor of the particular motion after Schuylkill resident Kenneth "We'll cross that bridge when we Calhoun inquired about a recent re-th:t was passed Thursday night, two others expressed their desire to hire an come to it," Mrs. Caffrey replied.
independent consultant. tirement dinner. It was a matter of semantics. Mrs. Caffrey originally asked the board to Richard Downs, another who e IIcard from board member f cdopt a resolution ,so the board could hire the consultant and ask PE to pay voted in favor of the resolution Charles Gutkowski that the Chester for the person ci firm hired. Thursday, said, "I don't think it County Intermediate Unit has 8 The resolution that was adopted, however, proposed having a school would do any harm. We go to them purchas,ed a van to teach remedial I district administrator - Dr. Robert Morgan, assistant principal at the high and they say no, what's the worst math to students at St. Mary's, St. ' school - help select a possible consultant and obtain cost estimates, then Ann's and St. Basil's parochial (condseed es page 3) schools in the Phoenixville districta
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ven:ng_phoeni Friday, August 17,1984 Phoenixville, Pa. 30'
~
Conselfastsought
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- Board b O (Continuedfrom Page D rettOrs
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; - = "ic"=re oe -" ia **>t1 such a proposal could do no harm.
"We go to them with a proposal.Such ;
p a move could open up a discussion b oard member E. James t , Reichert expressed concern that Dr. Pl an nedequate g Morgan would have to take time l p q', ', ,--' By MARIANNA HASSRICK In discussion before the vote, board ' StaffWriter member Anthony Trezza said, "We th mea ure e g r
! original vote and the final tally was 6-PHOENIXVIILE - After working need to go (to PE) with a plan." He ~
3 in favor of the amendment. Voting I with county and Philadelphia said it would be better to approach against the measure were Reichert, Electric Co. (PE) representatives on PE with the name of a consultant and '
~MollySzegedyand Diana Roberts.
l a radiological emergency response a cost estimate. pl:n for more than a year, Following the vote, Caffrey said Dr. Robert B. Murray, superin- she did not believe that there would Phoenixville Area School District tendent of schools, said he had be a great deal of money involved in admimstrators have determined that written to other school boards within thehiringof aconsultant."Itcouldbe . l the present proposal is inadequate the 10-mile radius of the proposed $1,000; it could be $30,000, or it could ' and unworkable. Limerick nuclear power plant to tell she said. In crderto provide the district with them how the Phoenixville com- be nothing,".HERBUSINESS i gyg additional help in developing a plan, mitteefeltabout the plan. i the school board discussed employing Busines's Manager Albert Funk , ! an independent consultant funded by RESIDENT EXPERT reported that the cafeteria showed a ! PE, who would be selected and ap- The schooldirectors aiso noted that E' III. f nearly $11,000 for the first pr:vrd by the board, at its Dr. Robert B. Morgt.n, recently hired an. e l meetinglastnight. senior high school principal, had e[1 pa an replac The board voted 6-3 on a motion, studied nuclear radiological .and ! someb ' presented by Barbara T. Caffrey, biological warfare while serving in e boa appro bids for band fn o ) -e junig hlgh asking that PE provide such funding the U.S. Army. forestudy. s Trezza offered an amendmem to
}u ac The motionstated thatthe board be the motion urging that Dr. Morgan high school roof. KLN Marketing will permitted to engage a consulta,nt to assist the board in selecting a con- ~ supply the uniforms at a cost of study the ~ " feasibility of' the sultant and arriving at a feasible plan $2,722.50. GudnechtRoofing Co. was radiological response plan to an alert, and a cost factorto presentto PE. the low bidder for roof repairs at sita emergency or general Dr. Morgan told the board that his $95,600.
emergency, as defined by PE, and if " expertise was limited. But, I will be In his report as representative to such a concept is deemed feasible, to happy to make the contacts," adding the Chester County Intermediate consider all possible options to that the last plan he had read was one Unit, Charles Gutkowski said the IU prepare a coordinated radiological he couldnotagree with, board approved the hiring of sub-emergency response plan, which, will "The important thing is to let PE stitute teachers at $45 per day and $55 meet t!L intent of state and federal know we're not happy with what for 11 to 59<!ay assignments. He said regulations, and must meet the ap- they've given us so far," Caffrey the IU plans to schedule both spcrts prove.1 of the school board, whose said. and academic competitions during primary responsibility it is to provide Also commenting on the moti:n the schoolyear. ' for the care, custody and control of The IU has purchased two vans, . the studentsin the district." , (See BOARD, P2) one to be used to teach remedialmath at St. Basil the Great School, Kim i berton, and two trailers, one to be used as a classroom at S t. . Ann'sSchool, Phoenixville.
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P h oen - 30' 1 '
- April 17,1984 Phoenixvillei Pa.
District evacuation an ROf yel ERES/ led .E e bn cy ita ae- the a re"t= "' he '"- formed orinvoled in case of such an ROYERSFORD - Spring-Ford doesnotyetexist. event.
" U."" **
School Board members said last "We would certainly want input Nelson said that parent concerns night that they have no emergency from parents before it's finished," - The booklet had actually been ' evacuation plan in place yet in he said. "I think we have to do - # prepared by Energy Consultants ,should mitted tobetheput in writing district to make andsure sub-anticipation of the start-up of the something about the whole plan ' Inc., a firm connected with that they are officially recognized IJmerick nuclear power plant, but soon." Philadelphia Electric Co. that during formulation of the plan. that they expect to have one ready Kreider had brought a copy of operates out of the IIarrisburg area. Board member Elizabeth Mar-sometime during the summer. Spring-Ford's alleged evacuation
. Robert Bradshaw, a project berger said that she believes copics Meanwhile, a preliminary plan plan known as " draft 3," but school manager with Energy Consultants, of the plan should be available in that has been circulating as a board men,bers said that they had confirmed that his company has each school library-in the district, district-written emergency response had no part in formulating the i contracted with PE for the once the planis finalized.
plan, was not actually written by the document, a thick paperbound- preparation of the plans in various schcolboard, members said. booklet entitled "The Spring-Ford ' areas. Bradshaw has not met with in other action last night, the Karen Kreider, Mason Street, Area Montgomery County I the Spring-Ford School Board but schoolboard:
- Royersford, brought the subject Radiological Emergency Response has had meetings with Welliver in
- approved June 12 as the final day before the school board just befom Plan," which noted that it had been which ideas for the plan were of classes and the date of com-the close of its regular session last " prepared by the Spring-Ford discussed.he said. , mencement, The only definite action taken by
- announced that a fm, gerprinting night.She asked the board members School District." It contains sketchy how long they had to come up with a numerical information and data, ' Spring-Ford, Nelson said, has been program will begin in the elemen-complete plan, and whether there and blank space fot information to : the signing of an agreement with the- tary schoolsin May,and would be parental involvement in be filledin whenitisavailable. . Colonial St.hool District of Imfayette
- approved a change in the tution designingit. "That is not the school board's :liill, to house Spring-Ford students rate for summer school. Tuition for Board President Richard G. document," Superintendent Dr.
- in the event of an emergency summer' classes will t,e F.0 for evacuation. residents and $100 for non-residents, i Nelson said that the board "has William Welliver said. "We have not i 1
various sections of the plan in or- written a word at this point." Kreider said she was concerned a $10increasein the rate. der," but that a complete overview (See EMERGENCY,P2)
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- BEAVER RUN. R.D.1. GLENMOORE PA.19343 .
J-_ S _
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,S 1 August 1, 1984 o
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Mr. Robert L. Patterson, Lead Trainer Energy Consultants Riverside Office Center 3 - 2101 N. Front St. Harrisburg, PA 17110
Dear Mr. Patterson,
I am in receipt of your letter of July 12, 1984. It is most inter-
- esting, as none of the information therein concerning your training ,
p'rograms was conveyed to me over the telephone. Over the phone I was given the impression that the training offered was for emergency workers to care for livestock, as.the request of the agricultural community, Camphill Village - Kimberton Hills, was referred to as the motive for ( calling me. ' M' . I want to confirm that it is premature to consider training at our facility for several reasons:
- no written radiological emergency response plan has been c developed for our facility on which to base such training; ,
- no determination of staff participating in a radiological
' mergency and.the roles they will play has been made; e
- no equipment needs including telecommunications and trans-portation vehicles have been ascertained; -
- no evaluation of our buildings' sheltering potential has been made;
- our school is on summer recess;
- our Board of Directors will only meet again in early Septem-ber.
Sincerely, , N ., Bernard Wolf Director of Programs 3 jad x !:)
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August 14, 1984
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Mr. Henry C. Tamanini. Energy Consultants . , Riverside Office Center 3
~ 2101 N. Front St. * *
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Harrisburg, PA 17110
Dear Mr. Tamanini:
I am in receipt of your letter of August 8, 1984. IwassurpriseN . to learn that you are inviting us again to a planning session. 'On the ".' telephone we only spoke about possible training sessions. In the past ycu have referred me to our township emergency coordinator and the Chester - County DES for planning. Well, this whole thing is full of surprice! J. Before we can consider scheduling a planning session, there.is still
-( a matter which needs to be addressed. I have nientioned this in previous '
letters but still have not received a response. Since the Limerick generating station is not in operation at this time (nor is it confirmed if and when it will open), no danger exists for which planning is necessary. Therefore, our school sees no;. reason to invest its time and manpover in a vigorous planning process at this time. In is our understanding that the drawing up of plans at this time is of interest to PECO. That's uhy your firm is,being paid by PECO. What will PECO pay our staff to engage in a - planning process for radiological emergencies in case Limerick opens? , This question has not been answered yet. If you_cannot answer it yourself, please forward this question to the appropriate PECO official ., for response. ~ Sincerely yours, m- .$
%.3 _.
. .: .s Bernard Wolf ' .
Director of Programs. Y jad S.
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[* w.msacac. at.msn.vm A mas I(9,;/4%y)p ' October 14',.1983 N .. - Mr. Samuel.L. Ely,-l1l Coordinator _. Montgomery County Office of' Emergency Preparedness ' 100 Wilson Boulevard - Eagleville, Pennsylvania 19403 .
Dear Mr. Ely:
' A review of the Montgomery County school district Sinceplans the plans for incidents follow at the Limerick Generating Station has been completed.-
a standard format our coments apply in gener'ai to all of the plans, but they are keyed specifically to the Methacton School District Plan. . The individual school plans for non-profit private schools, includ-ing parochial schcols, will not be reviewed because _non-profit private schools are the responsibilit.y 'of the school district in whose territory they are located. All school plans, including public and non-profit private schools, are the responsibility of the appropriate school district superintendents. A key point in Appendix 11 of Annex E of the state plan ,is,that the school district superintendent must be responsible for all the schools .in ihat his
- --district's territory, both public and non-profit private schools,
-includes planning,. preparedness, exercises and implementation of the plans
-when necessa.y. _Only if a private si:hool or schools refuse to cooperate wirf- the school district suoerintendent will an exception be acceptable, and, in that event, that fact should be duly noted in the school district plan.
A represen-I believe the enclosed comments are self-explanatory. tative of ECl, the consultant- firm hired by PECO,' will be'in contact w.ith you to coordinate arrangements for them to assist superin If PEMA can be of any further assistance in this matter, please contact me. Sincerely, dolph . Belser, Director Office of Plans,and Preparedness ALB/TJC:Jmb (Tel: 717-783-8150) , Enclosure cc: Robert J'. Casto, Eastern Area Director
~Roberta Kankus, Philadelphia Electric Company- - ( James Fisher, Energy Consultants, Inc.
t b . March 19,1984 . Power Plant ANh Non-Public Schools near Limerick . iation Board -- St. Mary's Home andiSchoolschools AssocSchwenksville, for use in the Pa.19473 [ 1 FROMt Delphi, 'R.D. i .
.l t the Limerick Power. Plant- .
?RE: Evacuation Plans for non-publ cevent of a nuclear acc .
.f J
vacuation plans for our ,] We : ; We-are-currently reviewing the eLimerick Power Plant. ; cmall elementary school.l'ocated evacuation plan had near our own nty f wara under the impression that wewould come directly from't cnd busses and supplies We recently receive'd"a copy of a cy. Em0rgency Management Agenia Emergency Management Agency 10/14/83
,lotter from Pennsylvan men't Agency-dated Montgomery County Emergency Manage tion would be covered under i trict, the indicating that our school's evacuaof Perkiomen Valle
~the evacuation plan We received this we are located.-
~
were we public school district where tion and at no time - i lotter copy from Limerick Ecology Act omery County, Philadelph
-l l nts, l-l_
-informed of this from PEMA, Mon gSchool Board, or Energ l
Electric, Perkiomen Valleyd by Philadelphia Electric to "repar r i f Inc.(the_ company hire tached for your informat on. d their - . A copy of the letter is at Valley School District adopte to i
-Unfortunately, Perkiomen 83 without sufficient attention evacuation plan in November 19 auxiliary food ,
l school which has no busses.or the needs of our l l
'.' ' Lpaga 2 .
' supplies, etc. In ' fact we do n$t know if ' Perk Valley School District , ,
;was aware at the time of their plan adoption that t'..eir plan was to , ,
include us.. We.are going to present them with a list of our concerns
-and questions'regarding the plan.
Montgomery Co. Emergency Management Director, Mr. Bigelow, has confirmed that the Perk Valley School District plan covers us. But he 4 did not know if their busses would take all our children or if the different-school districts from which our studen,ts come would each bus their.own-children. _
. As you can see, we have many concerns regarding the evacuation plans. We do not want our children to be' endangered because of the -
. tendency for non-public schools to be overlooked and because of j inadequate planning. We wondered if schools similar to ours had been as neglected in communications regarding the evacuation plans. We decided to send.you this notice along with a copy of the State's letter. You may wish
-to question the State and County Agencies and your public school
- district to ascertain
- 1) if your specific needs have been met in i
the plans; 2) if your questions will be answered; 3) if you and I the parents of your children will be advised of and made a part of the process of adopting the plans; and 4) if you will be made a part of any evacuation drills, training sessions, teacher polls to see if they will stay, and radiation monitoring equipment distribution. We are contacting the agencies listed above as well as'the , 1 NRC. We are having a parent committee neet to review the plans in detail. We would be happy to give you our list of questions when the committee has met. ST. MARY'S HOME AND SCHOOL ASSOCIA'" ON By.. , , . _ tg s ., ,. (C' 4 President-Karen Nostadt (287-9053)
ST. MARY'S HOME AND SCHOOL ASSOCIATION-NEWSLETTER 'FEB. 1984-Here it is, February already. Home and School continues to be cetive 'in assisting our school and this is to update you on our latest Ec tivities .
~ As 'you've noticed on the papers your children have brought home, our new Ricoh copier is operating well and being well used by the tocchers. .In January we purchased a 19" color TV to be used with tha~ Commodore computer donated by one of our families.
In our February Board meeting we approved several expenditures, including: Holy Spirit pins for each member of the confirmation class; bus expenses for grades K, 1,2,3 to attend a play in Allentown; four religion filmstrips; and extended warranty insurance on the copier. We were~ asked by the Parish Council to assist in the sale of the tickets for our parish social on Friday February 17, 8:00 p.m. This promises to be an outstanding event and great fun. If you're new to our parish, you'll be able to meet all those people you see in church cnd would like to get to know. If you're old timers, you'll get to cocialize with old friends. The evening will include a roast beef buffet, snacks,. beverages, setups, (BYOB), AND a disc jockey. All of this is only $7.50 per person! So bring your friends and have a wonderful evening. You can purchase tickets'through us by filling cut the sheet below and returning it to school by Tuesday, February 14, with a check payable to "St. Mary's". We'll send the tickets to you via the children. This is not a money making activity and the charge-will just cover the expenses, so you know you'll get your money's worth. Come out and meet the parish! Sister would like to have a CPR program for our 7th and 8th graders. Deas anybody have suggestions on who we can contact? Send them in on tha return slip below. . The President and Vice President of Home and School went on a tour of the Limerick nuclear power plant in mid-January.at the invitation of the Philadelphia Electric Political Action Committee. (The invitation wac extended as a result of the ~1etter to the Editor in December) . (Over) COMPLETE AND RETURN BY TUESDAY FEBRUARY 14, 1984 Fcmily Name Grade of Oldest Child
'Wa want tickets to the Parish Social on Fri. Feb. 17. Enclosed io a check payable to "St. Mary's" for , (at $7.50 par ticket. )
-) cgm 2- February 1984 -
Wa ware supposed to mset with the man in charge of preparing the evacuation plcns-but he did not make it as it was a snowy day. We spoke with a public relations man for about 2 hours on general topics relating to the plant, and then went on a tour of the facility. We continue to have
- numerous questions regarding the evacuation including where pge the buses
. coming from, who will provide food in the event of use of the " sheltering" option, who will provide supervision if our teachers elect not to stay.
W2 have'not received any further communication from Energy Consultants, ths company preparing the plans, but we received a copy of a letter from the State Emergency Agency to the County Agency (dated in October) l that the public school district's plan will rule for all non-public
. cchools in their area! (The copy of this letter was received from Limerick Ecology Action.)' We were not aware of this, and did not receive any '
such notification from Energy Consultants, the State Agency, the County l
'Ag0ncy, or Perk Valley School District. Ne don't eyen know if Perk !
Valley School Board is aware that their plan covers us. We called the l
- County Agency this week and Mr. Bigelow verified that their plan covers 1
' uc, unless we protest.
He said he does not know if Perk Valley would I bua-all our children, or if each district that serves St. Mary's would bua their own children! As you can tell, the whole thing is unorganized, with large problems, and no specific plans on the practical capects of making the evacuation work. Parkiomen Valley School District adopted their evacuation plan in
- November, apparently with no changes and with no questions as to the opscifics on how the evacuation would happen. Now we know that their plcn covers us and it is already adopted. We are considering going to tha March School Board meeting to request that they rescind their cpproval of their plan until we have our questions answered. We would like a parent poll on your thoughts regarding this. Please fill out the sheet below and return it.
As a result of getting involved with the school's evacuation plan, some of us obtained copies of our township plans. These have even more problems than the school plans! Various townships are now reviewing those plans and are delaying their approval until certain questions are answered. Newspaper articles have indicated that some have said they won't approve the plans if they don't feel they can work. If you would like to go to your township or municipality, please let us know. Wa 'can obtain a copy of your township plan and give you a list of i quastions on specific problems in the plans. ) ___________________________________ Pcmily Name
- 1. I approve the action of requesting the Perk Valley School Board to rescind approval of the evacuation plan. Yes No I would sign a petition to that ef fect. No
- 2. I would like a special meeting of our parents to discuss the evacuation plans. Yes No
- 3. I would like a copy our evacuation plan.
(fill in township or municipality) l
PMONET2TdTYd/4Ni 7' ,
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Perkiomen Valley School District SCHWENKSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA - : '"? _. B. R. STOWELL '"
*Where the accentis on excelleno
'" FEU L 61984 February 14, 1984 gj..
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,g - -WILL1AM D. WESTCOTT riL 0.
Sweernsendens vi.ouas e. nen rw. si. Beauford R. Stowell RECEIVED
^*"'";,";'y,,^,,a'"*a' Manager, Schuylkill Division Philadelphia Electric Company g gjgg4 uuna L. auiiuvi Plymouth Service Building
- u.a= =~~ = 680 Hidge Pike Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462 R.A.KANKUS DONALD G. DILLON
~~ ~
Dear Mr. Stowell cianoe. wenwoou
- -- r ..a s. . Perkiomen Valley School District is within the 10 mile area for the Limerick Nuclear Plant. As such we are part of the evacuation plan.
The district owned buses and vans are oqyippek with 2-way FM radios. The base station is located'in the operations office in Schwenksvil)9 with a remote station in the transportation orrice nearby. Presently, our cont.ract buses do not have radios. The school board is investigating the possibility of equipping the contract buses with 2-way FM radios alac. The cost of this is estimated in the area of $12,000. I am writing to you to request that Philadelphia Electric participate in this cost. The reasoning is that these vehicles will be part of the evacuation fleet and would be more valuable for this purpose due to their 2-way communication capabilities as the present district vehicles are now. . Please let me know what you and Philadelphia Electric can do in this matter. Sincerely yours, l Ge rge L. Althouse, Business Manager CC: Dr. Westcott ' Mr. Dillon . 0
Protest Falls i O Z u o* Short as Few
' h$
Attend Meeting , - t
- y O m An expected large turnout of '
i qlt ". residents to protest the Perki- School board omsidentRev. l A N omen Valley school board's
' Fred Geib said that the board acceptance of an emergency would attempt to set up a 2 g evacuation plan in case of a 9% #Ea. <
nuclear emergency failed to materianze at Mon he's meeting with residents, school i board and other municipal of-ficiais to discuss ese matter. C - board meeting and out J6 <3 O a dozen residents showed up, but when given the chance to The school board's failure l to communicate with local of-t y speak they w'ere quite vocal ^ ficials brought some comment 4o I Kann No~stadt St. Mary's Roman,' president rIf I from Perkiomen Myers who Towns
#
- Catholic . supervisor Dave School in Delphi, told the .. . also told the board that he i <
board that although the school l thought the responsibilities thrust upon school and town-was included in the school dis-
) <E 1 trict's evacuation plan the school had no communlca*. ion ship officials to adopt an em-ergency evacuation plan was
# 3 from anyone about the plan and more than they should be j i> , that both St. Mary's and St.. ___ called upon to bear.
A z Eleanor's school in College- Not e'verything regarding 4 Z ville were not provided with - the total plan for the three ' g @ buses to be used in the evacu- county ten mile radius around W ation. the Llmerick plant is clear as Dr. William Westcott. the was revealed at the meeting.
# d _ district superintendent. replied There is the question of i 3 .that while the district had liability, responsibility, and
$g y /')i l signed the plan it had noc yet (CONTINUED ON PAGE FIVE) suomitted it to the state. The w '
school district has, however -
]I 3: had in-service training for ,
both teachers and bus drivers
- p E3 Irr0 test Falls l h ovember. (CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE)
# Mrs. Nostadt said that the who has and sho hasn't adop-plan should not have been ted the plan to date and one
) Q. Q signed since it would not work and to sign the plan would onl speaker even questioned g whether the school district had w further the interests of Philay to have an emergency plan at c delphia Electric Company in all.
, 2 getting its nuclear generating The board, by a 6-3 vote, 3 plant at Limerick in operation.
i Z , denied Barry Friedman of
. Other residents said that Green Lane an opportunity to to they thought the plan was un- videotape the proceedings al-S workable and should not have though they did give him per-w been signed, especially with- mission to tape the meeting.
2 out public input into the matter. The board also refused to D consider rescinding their ac-8 tion in accepting draft three of h the Energy Consultant's emer-gency plan already in force in the school district.
7 PAGE FOUR THE SCHWENKSVILLE ITEM THUR$0AY. APRit.12.1984 o, ,'jM - g continuously. De evacuation plan can E t the ette and t means that the cht]d must get on the bus.
- There's only One P lan bo n 'd w. = w u purpose of the plan.
. . A chGd whose parent wish.
j na As M55dMLUgMA y l'@wgg a gg es to come and get him is placed in eyes worse jeopardy. What lappens because of fag. ure d the parset to arrin be-This is an arttele the editor unique poettion. cause they were not aware of did not want to write so soon. In order to evacuate an area were too far
' We had hoped that we could get you must have those who are to be evacuated in a position to be the emergg,not
. or c get t h some more stories in on the evacuation problem moved, and those who are to th {raffto-to the bus to emerge which, here ever was a sad do the evacuation in a posttton {tgendclass let the chud sitting roomwatting w e story--this is Lt. of readiness. are ce their way to But tint is another story Let us consider as an exam- ,
Trhich win have to be written ple, Persiomen Township.The y laaer. township has 1100 homes where gQcan t have a separate rychud! some 3500 persons may or estions, We have had very few people may not be at the time of the We have some Remember whatsugestdent agree with the editor's opinion emergency. The township will Frankha Roosevelt said about that the school evacuation plan also have to find volunteers to another matter. 'De only fear wiu work. Worse yet. In our manage and carry out the eva- we have is fest itsell'. opintos, there a' re people who cuatte, train them and at the We need more education on wtB work agatnat it. find what could happen and what Some are people who would them oftime andtheget emergencylace them in p to could M bappen. use any tactic to keep the au- do their job. - We need more faRh in our tant fro n operating in The school district at"the fenow man. WWe got to help Limer $ck. We have ao time . high school has tts 1000 per. clear each other. for them. sons to be evacuated right on As for the school district, Others are people with gen
- the promises. The persons to a possibGity. The alerts from utas ocesern for their chu- manage the evacuatte, the the nuclear plant come in four dren, a human characteristto teachers, are riglg ca the degme d semity, from an with which there is no argu- premises. The school is ready _ alert which requires no actica meat. to be evacuated within minutes to a Esmeral evacuatica. .
R ta dit!! cult for a sshool and would be far ahead of the beard member to look a townsido in preparedness--not Let the school district move mother in the eye and say to because of better planalnt or her "you can't have yourchild' management bit simply be- ghir7 hand evacuate on of severtry boa that is the only way the cause of the unique fact that it tastead d th fourth, school evacustica plan wt11 lae anhnna, nts wul be a bts of en-W8F#= 3. Tbs school has the fact couragement to tombers and The resecas the editor lities to conduct the evacustico"bus drivers who U n know they
- voted for the plan fonow, in that it has its own buses and are getting away from danger
- 1. It is the caly plan there others under catract. Not an early.
- is. There may be things that win make it, not au the drt-R willbe before the general are and it may wen be vers win come. But it is cor- alarm when roads are clearer for Iphia Flectric's tainly in a better poetiton than (and forgtve us, mothers) be-beneftt, but Itka it or not, you say other governmental unttto fore parents can react and try i
> have to go ce the assumpetoa make the evacuation of those it to sea their kids set of schoot* that the nuclear plant wiu be has to. there, there could be an acct. 4. There are some other ,-t,h,ey win already be on their to safety. l dset and as a school board reasons. The school distrtet 'rbe trouble with this is that member you have to have an now goes part way in its fire the school district will get t I emergency plan to try to save drius and can easily conduct caugtt wth egg on its fane by the chudren, more extenstve drtHs* evacuating and then the prob-Now, we would gladly look The children win be in the tem at the plant never reaches l at another plan pawvided some- hands of people they know and , the evacuation level. one had the reason, the time, trust. Then the school board wtH the energy, the money and At the destination point, all catch heck from the parentst most important, the clout to the children wit! be at one We win agree it ts a mixed e ocastruct one that would pro- place for their parents to !!nd. up mess, some things don't [ vide for all the chudren. If the children are not in make sense. But a start has i This win not happen. Ltka school the local mtatetpaltt7 to be made somewhere. Argu-It or not, Phuadelphia E'lec- wtB have that many more per- Ing over who drew up the plan trio has the reason, the time. . sons to try to evacuate
- or why does no good at an.
the m and the Agreed, there may be The school district plan as the energy, clout to do t he job. may teachers who win leave, there it is now may not be perfect i . not be a reason to approve the may be bus drivers who wiu but it gives the chudren a plan, but it would be a worse . not show up. Where humans better chance than the mnet crime to have no plan at an. are involved, each one bas well tztentioned bope of the i their own reactions
- pareat unless they sar ex-i
- 2. The school district is t opefully with a plan n' ore tremely lucky and happen to be fortunate wtB be encouraged to take in the right place at the right be stretefe!! such a word cand a little, in that in part. Certainly without time.a plan j evacuation procedures it has a thereis,not much obilgation to - The editor as a school taka any part except in your board member voted for ths l
- = = = coman:Y s"Ce for the most obudren to be l moved to safety.
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_Perkiomen Supervisor Seeks Joint Meeting C.. .,c..w,4 2.X _ V 'O.. . Residents Slam School Board's OK of Limerick Evacuation Plan to trale teach'ess and bus drivere . has been esempt from liabally *ll's act a smart thlag to sign." is maa represents bien- . By HOtJ.Y HERMAN The Phdadelphia Electric Co. - As last night's meettag began, self, said school director Ralph Fer The Times #feraJd is required by federal rega. en"This evacuatsen of students. is the meht serious situe 'inregarding impfsper. paa. anyplan. the evacuation the board voted 6-3 to bar a man Decker. "His tape can be edded las cow. from Wideotaping the spiscusales and takes md of contest." Per,wa-n Tawhin n#r,etai. ,lat,
,g gens,,t,o develop
,,,,g,,,, a,g[in a tea. tion that has ever faced us te east he fact that the beard t'e. about the evacuainen plan. Friedmaa responded: "After m kM tw he m ems..a #
mile radius of us power plant at governmental careers," Pert- prends le the plan shows a lot of He was Barry Friedman,3 ,of the film as stade, I avdl be glad _e P m - ea vanew trud . IJmerick in case of a nuclear somes Supervisor Daivd Meyers coarage," as added. Green Lane, who sand be is)cre, le give you a* copy. I have never showed un at a school accident. teld the paard, "and there has "I thtak the true courste de. ating a documentary film 'the been asked not le videotape a go"a trictmeew test try t.oard Lut anche to or2:. The school board approved the. been no commumcat'as between preds en whether er met the . process of establishang the evac. meeting I recently videotaped a s aporoval of she draft la November and the distr. yee as a school board and we as a neard approves of som ualles plan and has visited meeting "te North Coventry Jatcg on or a nm war c uc. let has used two la service days rerktornes Township. "I believe that was L fly," resident R neighbortng commundles and Township. . en clan 6- aR et the townships should get Montes ceanmented. . board meetings. "There is no way that these together with the school award "I thant the plan is unwerk, Igis is a public meetlag" plans are going to work," he and have a cooperative able and inaccurate,** said meellpg " Sandy Welsh of Skippack, who FrieMan said. "Is there a law added Directorslater, Vilnts Vaske. Ed-a a' t me coming la bere to School board Chairman Fred- sent toe nyers to resadents le no. Igm?" ward C. Eacholta and MacBate erick Gesh samt he wohld like le ' taly them of last night's meeting. SolicMar Sultanik replied: "If , voted against battlag the set up a meetag with residents, 8 the board decades not te have videeldP lag ~ the board and municipal eff acials to discuss the plan la more Ibis meettag videotaped, it's
- F. D6 rectors Pat klarine, taretta Robinson, John Menichelle, ekay." Ernest J. Schant, Decker and delad.
Karen Nestadt, president of But school director Bruce' Gelb voted te lavor of it. the liome and School Associat on ' MacBain commented: "We have . never barred reporters; 1t would The board ties voted to let af St. Mary's Scheel la be dt!!! cult for me le bar this : Friedman record only the sound Schweeksvtite, questioned Super. man." , at the mettmg. latendent of Scheels W!!!!am Westcott en provisions Ier evac-
- uating students from that school.
- The plan requires public '
school districts te provide se evacuaties eutilme ter the prt.'
- vate schools.
"A letter emme ta un from tina.
Polmly savane that 114 the dair-et um - - a r.. o L Hlit y to cog [dnaate the nimn " Kr3,Je>tadt uut -We were nas elven ant motace_ and von unned Jhtalaa . Wess e na r r nited- ar.,,ev f%a=H un are aneram as tie-half al the trbd dastrtet . PE has hired Energy Censult. ants te wert with municipal 46es and school dastricts on the evac-uation plan.
"We ed the plan, real-ittag that te will be changes made " Geib acted. '
Board schcser Jeffrey T. Sul-taast added,"The school distract
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ENERGY CONSULTANTS R"iEhE.;ECFFICECENTER3 21CI N. FRONTST. < HARRISSURG / PA 17t t0 i PH.(717)236-Co31 CORPORATE OFFICE: i2' SEVEN"'M STREC Pi 33CRCH PA 15220-3487 PH.(4121434-52c0 May 18, 1984 Mr. George P. Starkey Director of Business Affairs
. North Penn School District 400 Penn Street Lansdale, PA 19446
Dear Mr. Starkey:
I would like to inquire as to the status of the " Host School Agreement"
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between the Perkiomen Valley School District and the North Penn School District. The Perkiomen Valley School District Radiological Emergency Response Plan (RERP) for incidents at the Limerick Generating Station awaits a signed agreement to be added as an attachment. As you are aware, Perkiomen Valley School District was among seven school districts and nineteen private schools or colleges that required agreements to host evacuated students in the event of an incident at the Limerick
. Genera ting Sta tion. To date five school districts and all nineteen private schools and colleges have executed an agreement to host their evacuees. .
In addition, the sixth school district referenced above expects to sign an agreement within a few weeks.
- As this school year comes to an end, I would appreciate it if North Penn School District could review and execute the host school agreement with the Perkiomen Valley School District so that the agreement can be attached to the Perkicmen Valley School District and Montgomery County RERP's before the July 25 practice exercise.
I appreciate your assistance on this and other matters related to emergency planning. Sincerely , , John H. Cunnington Associate Senior Planner JHC:jr cc. A. Lindley Bigelow, Montgomery County OEP 4
D The Mercury Wednesday July 6,1983 One thing is certaut an evacuation plan b- cannot be a contract issue. When that siren k sounds, no contract in the world will make teachers stay at schoolif they really feel they
. must leave to save their families or Editoricl I themselves. And, conversely, it would be unfair to let a contract forbid the participa-
-. tion of individual teachers who would be Evacuat. ion -
- art ** "*"tdet * '*-
Because voluntary cooperation is the only way an evacuation plan can work, the teachers should be represented on the task WOGS force - every aspect of it. Failing to include the teachers in the entire process simply Th2 Owen J. Roberts School District, mak'es no sense. . . which takes its responsibility for an At the same time, we hope all the union emergency evacuation plan very seriously, posing that has come about because of the has encountered two major problems which questionaire willbe abandoned. . are making it just about impossible to plan The teachers could leave out the personal anything. , information on the forms and fill out the rest. One is the fact that many school bus They could write quallfled answers'to ques-driv:rs, filling out a questionnaire concern- tions that seem too vague. It must be obvious ing how they would react to an emergency at what informa tion the task force is seeking. the Limerick nuclear power plant, indicated The teachers wish to be treated as pro-they would not, or might not, be available to fessionals. Turning a questionnaire into a
. help evacuate Roberts students.'Many said union issue somehow does not sound all that their families would have to come first. professional. c You really can't blame them for that view. A meeting is scheduled, tonight to try to particularly since most are only part-time ~ work all this out. We certainly hope the empl:yces of the district. If anything, they dispute is resolved. If the district announced that the teachers had to help with an
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should be commended for their honesty. At least the district now knows the situation and evacuation or face disciplinary action - then
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can ky to work aroundit. . there would be time enough to get the union The more interesting snag involves the . Involved. The teachers may quarrel with a teachers. On the advice of their union, most proposed plan, but we can't believe they of them refuse to even fill out the question- would stand in the way of even formulating nalre. It has become - don't laugh - a one. e teachers say they don't know what the What happens if Owen J. Roberts even-district will ask of them in this evacuatfor. tually finds that too few employees are plan. They. don't like some personal ques.
- pgh. g to help, and it cannot make a realistic tions on the form, and they say the evacuation-related questions are too vague. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission says But the real problem apparently is the fact a plan must be in effect. What will the NRC that the teachers feel they were left out of the say if it turns out that Roberts, and perhaps task force working on the plan. They were other school districts and municipalities, supposed to have a representative on the can't plan a workable evacuation? What will committee, but they were never told about it mean for Limerick?
the workings of the subcommittee preparing . w,,re betting that the evacuation issue will the survey - and then suddenly the ques- never prevent Limerick. from opening - tionnaire appeared. They feel slighted. M:mbers of the planning task especially since it is already patently clear they don't understand the teachers, reaction.force saythat this area cannot be evacuated in the Given the adversary relationship between amount of time suggested by the NRC. Still, plan or no plan, an evacuation might some-Roberts administrators and the teachers day bc union in recent years, it should not be b n c"e to know how we might at surprising. Still, it would be nice if a project lt wo least try to au:omplish it. like this could rise above that ecnflict.
1 - . i , d j , . . _ .. .. . _t _._ - i i l i I . j i j _ J._ _ _, .
.m r
"'z
.i ADVOCATE~
OWEN J. ROSERTS SCHOOL DISTRI CT -
\
i I R. D. 1 POTTSTOWN , P A. 19484 i .. va tw xVIII. NO. 3 FElplAHY 1983 j I Sctrxt conno rtcCTS trw orriaRS i i s At the annual organization meeting of the School Board held on December 6, 1982, Hr. J. Barrie Frees was elected Owen J. Roberts i School Board President to succeed Mr. David Herroth. 3 Mr. David Diapman became Board Vice President. Other officers ! remaining in their positions are: Susan T. Pedersen, Secretary; l Thomas E. Bxkwalter, Treasurer. The new Doord President, Hr. J. Barrie Frees, resides in Spring City. Mr. Frees is a graduate of West Virginia University and holds a Masters degree from the thlversity of Souttern California. He is the first Board president to have graduated from the rew Owen J. Roberts , s . TQ.p,.3 y e '. ,n;.
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' {g, l DEN J. H00ERIS BOARD OF DIECTORS Ii gg l ,' L' ; g,g [' ..,9 j hj J. Barrie Frees, President j >- .
T,f i - .' I David Diapman, Vice President - % { 5 ,an T. Pedersen, Secretary Thomas E. Erkwalter, Treasurer f,.;e , , s 3.g, g JQ -[.,t* .
'e
, ' ' y ., e g* ep i . ;
Harry S. Forbes 4 J. Spencer Ikelmers
.y 9 L, N.
.;y . :jt, i .b] .;
! .' T.
Preston O. McCain . . .l,7% i ig -
~. . 9 p .p;
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..e -'[ ,
I i .g
' Jr David Herroth .. .; i Cathie N. Whitlock I
.I b h. '!*S -
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- ' ~ e Roy C. Claypool, Ed. D. c. f 'e ,
' l ,g p tl, District Stperintendent -
. ' i
- yp 7 %' 47 e
L-R: J. Bartle Frees, Dr. Roy C. Claypool, David Herroth, i 1 4 i
._ - ~ .- - . - ... -. - .. . . - - .
1 9 " . .
- TASK FORCE FOR DEVELOPING NUCLEAR EMERGENCY GUIDELINES As a result of - a . request from the Pennsylvania Department of
. Education and the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, and due to our. proximity to the nuclear facility at Limerick. the School Board of the Owen J. Roberts School District has establisned a School District Task Force for the development of school Emergency Planning Guidelines
-involving potentially hazardous conditions. school related All organizations were invited to send representatives to attend the work sessions of this Task Force.
< - Philadelphia Electric Corporation is ' assisting in the development
. of- these Emergency Plans by providing the services of Mr.
John Cunnington, a trained consultant with a firm which specializes in developing Radiological Emergency Response Plans. The Task Force has
'~
made significant progress in accomplishing its purpose during meetings ; held on November 30, 1982, January 26, and February 17, 1983. It has i reviewed the existing Emergency Plans of the School District, and
- identified _ resources and agencies which will support the Task Force in the development of the plan. Mr. Cunnington has taken many factors into consideration and has constructed the drafts of our Emergency Plan which are being reviewed by the Task Force. The role of the task force ,
will' be to review all drafts of the plan and make recommendations for amending and improving the plan to best meet the needs of the students in the Owen J. Roberts- School District. Final recommendations regarding the emergency procedures and operational details will be made - by our Task Force and reviewed by our Board of Education for approval.-
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l
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The third draft of our Emergency Plan will be reviewed by the Task Force at a meeting scheduled for March 30, 1983 in the Middle School at
- 7:30 P.M.
The need for emergency planning has become increasingly evident from the recent experiences of flood, oil embargo, natural gas crisis, 4 toxic gas spills, and the nuclear incident at Three Mile Island. Responsible leadership and effective planning are essential in providing direction and effective communication to coordinate the flow of ~ services and maintain the safety of our students. It is clear that . . comprehensive planning is necessary in order to avoid or lessen the impact of a crisis situation on our students. The School District will sponsor _a special public information program entitled Basic Radiation and Radiation Protection for all interested parents and citizens. This course will be held on a weekday . evening or a Saturday morning during the months of March or April. Anyone interested in taking this course should contact the office of Mr. Denny Bolton, 469-6261. . 15 t a 4
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Pr; Task Force on Emargency (6/84) par;d by Sua Carla:n, Ow:;n J. Rob:rt:Pl".nning (for pcssiblo distribution b:fors publi{ thic was n*;vsr us:d) to tho bsat of our knowledge [ 1 Draft #6 , Owen J. Roberts School District Radiological Emergency Response Plan For Incidents At The Limerick Generating Station (c, very brief summary) R;sponsibility for indhting action, based on a recommendation from the Chester County DES,(Dept. of Emergency Services), rests tith the Superintendent. (p. 6114.4) Four classifications of " Incidents" have been identified to facilitate plcnning for responses to incidents. A.. Unusual Event - school not notified B. Alert - school is notified. Preparations begin for possible action. C. Site Emergency.- East Coventry students evacuated to Middle School; preparations are made for the possibility of sheltering or evacuatine of all students D. General Emergency - decision is made to either shelter or avacuate Sholtering - Action taken by the public to take advantage of the protection afforded by remaining indoors, away from doors and the windows, during and following the passage of the radioactive plume. (p. 6114.4 b) If school sheltering is recommendad by the County, students located within the plume exposure pachway EPZ will be sheltered in their own cchool building. Should shelterinT delay dismissal, parents will be notified by the district or a protective action recommendation will be issued by Chester County DES- School transportation schedules will bo adjusted appropriately and parents so notified. (p. 6114.4 e) i Sholtering does not indicate preventing parents' access to chSldren. Parents who do violate the shelter advisory and come to schools should ba permitted to pick up students. (p. 6114.4 @) l Evccuation .A decision to evacuate risk municipalities (including 6chool districts) will be made by PEMA/Chester County and the decision will be announced throuzh the Chester Co. DES to distticts and building principals. The Owen J. Roberts School District retains the authority to close schools at its discretion. (p. 6114.4 f) LOGISTICS OF EVACUATION: 7than school is in session and school evacuation is recommended, students located within the plume exposure pathway EF3 will be bussed directly to to the host school. (at this time , considerad Twin Valley) to await pick p by parent or guardinn. pl0h4WiIl y Rby wi% 90G kn0M y Qgdrm y Ian wm kVI [342n w ad frfYAC.uld shs , 7, y bvvICIENT TRANSPORT ATION 7/ILL 9E CO.RDINATE TO MOVE ALL # pq ' TUDENTS INSIDE THE EPZ AT ONE TDIE!!' t (p. 5114.4 f)
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- RISK SCHOOL PACULTY/ST Ai? ?lILL AOCOLiPANY EVACUATED 3TUDENTS TO DE.2
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IGNATED HOST SCHOOLS IN THE BUSES OR IN THEIR PRIVATE CARS, A'ID REM!.I?T "IITH STUDENTS U'ITIL THEY ARE PICKED UP BY PARENTS / LEG AL GUARDI ANS IN AC"0RDANCE "IITH THE DISTRICT POLICYt t t ! (p. 6114.4 f,g) No $+4N mernM bVL 'indicg.Jef 44 LJQt nok CVM.ud}(, gi%]% shdinta , o.nd en n.n1 WMd. d n ~#i , scL-e l
NRoberts emergency plan halted-
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s until county responds to list
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~ By NANCY CRATER ,' ,..
, ' The list includes a significant shortage of buses Mercury Staff Writer , and personnel - bus drivers, teachers and traffic
. controllers - to help evacuate children during an g A citizen task force charged with drafting an emergency situnti n. It also notes that the district s, emergency response plan for the Owen J. Roberts t ei School District can proceed no further in its work . has yet to be informed of a " host site" where-Ek h students can be reunited with their parents follow-es a until a list of " unmet needs" is addressed by coun- ing a mass evacuation.
CA 3 ty emergency planning officials. The Owen J. Roberts district, like other institu-l in a letter to Chester County Eme.gency Man- tions within a 10-mile radius of the Limerick nu-g g agement Director John McNamara, Su per-
, clear power plant, is required to have a viable Uy q intendent Dr. Roy C. Claypool outlined a list of emergency response plan prior to the scheduled g o -
concerns that he said must be addressed before an operation of the plant next year. The emergency a M emergency plan can be approved by the board of " plan will be implemented in the event of a nuclear D school directors. .. (continued on pase s) t: 1 a -. h hIj s, JRoberts quits emergency plan until county respon2s (Continued troni page one) y 7 accident, and also if the area is Task Force identification of needs .I believe honest, in their responses' Cadmus Road, and Route 23 and the w g theratened by any manmade or are minimal and reflect optimum to this survey," remarked Claypool. exit from Owen J. Roberts," noted natural disaster.
] conditions. That is to say, after "lluman nature is to first f all se- Claypool in his correspondence.
4 f q Claypool's letter requests a de- thorough review and investigation I cure unmet family needs." tailed response to the district's believe their needs are in some "My personal interaction with a Of 66 percent (137 individuals) number of parents indicates that the 1 3 unmet needs by county emergency cares understated." who responded to the teachers' first response will be to converge on g management officials no later than The following items were defined . survey, slightly more than half (60 our educational centers for the
- p. June 1. "Unless these issues are re- by Claypool as the district's unmet percent) signed the documents. purpose of gaining access to their solved by then, I will not rec- planning needs: Thirty-eight agreed to accompany' children. Unless this need is met, we ommend approval of any plan and I +0f an estimated 55 (72-passen- students by bus to the host center or will experience mass hysteria, con-don t think the board intends to ac- ger) buses needed to transport stu-mass care center in an evacuation. fusion, and total blockage of any cept such a plan, he said. dents, only half that number actu-The district was informed over a ally will be availsble during en A higher number, 56 teachers, possible evacuation from our school year ago that county officials would , emergency evacuation situation, ac. agreed to drive their own vehicles facilities by school buses."
be responsible for arranging to com- cording to the task force. (without students) to the host center Finally ~, Claypool stated that the pensate for any shortfalls of person- *While 25 bus drivers agreed in a to provide supervision for the stu- task force to date has no agreement nel, transportation or other unmet recent survey to drive a school bus dents. with another school district willing needs encatered sa the g,1.u.ning in a radiclagical emergency, many From the available data, includ- to serve as a host site in case of an process. Despite two prior requests of these prefaced their :tatement , ing the calculation of average daily evacuation. issued by the task force for as- with the comment that their famil- teacher absence rates, the task Before the end of June, the school sistance, no response has been les would come first, and they must force estimates that 156 teachers board will meet with the citizen task forthcoming from the county agen- be assured that their pn ticular chil- will be needed and only 65 will be force for a review and update of the cy. dren had been taken care of. There- available. This leaves a need for 91 pronc.ed plan. Before th t, the pub-
"And we would like to know at fore, the estimate of available driv. adult volunteers to assist students lic will have an opportunity to voice this point, if it's not the county's ers was set at 18. Tbc task force by bus or car to the host center, its opinions and concerns with the responsibility, then whose responsi- concluded that about 37 drivers are *At least 22 traffic controllers will plan. said_ Clavonni-bility is it ?" questioned Claypool. needed for a complete evacuation be needed to accommodate the ft)w There will be a pubhc meetmg The citizen tad force has spent a operation. of traffic around all schools in the 7:30 p.m. June 6 in the Owen J. Rob-year and s half formulating an eTeachers in the district were event of an evacuation. erts Middle School Auditorium.
emergency response plan, and cur- surveyed twice - the second time "In addition to traffic controllers, Each speaker will be givers two rently has completed its seventh following an extensive in-service on I raise a serious question as to the minutes to outline their views, and draft plan. the duties and responsibilities of traffic controlling activities that will those athnding will be requested to
. In his letter to McNamara, Clay- teachers during an evacuation. take place at the intersection of speak only on issues pertaining to pml stated, "I believe the Citizens' "Our teachers were very open, and Routes 23 and 100, Route 100 and the emergency renponse plan.
l Editoriah Mercury Evacuation I f
'11 ursday, May 24,1984 c plan stalls i Of all the school districts within the i
10 mile radius of the Limerick nuclear .That in itself is interesting. But consider i power plant, none,has taken its evacuation that the other area school districts have not 1 p nning more seriously than Owen J. Rob- done hnif the planning Roberts has done, or at least have not informed the public about Roberts' Citizens Task Force spent 18 it. Some may never do the honest appraisal months conscientiously trying to come up of personnel that Roberts has done. with a plan to transport the district's more Then take the municipalities. Many of than J,000 students to a refugee center in them are saying they will not spend a dime case of an emergency at Limerick. on evacuation plans, protesting that tax The committee struggled with unions to . dollars should not be spent on defense finally come up with an honest appraisal of against a nuclear accident at Philadelphia how triany teachers, bus drivers and other F.lectric's plant. Municipal officials are in-personnel can be counted upon to help. Ac- dignant about the requirement that they also curate numbers are important. A school dis- must provide security for evacuated homes. trict can order its personnel to stay around. Ilow the heck are they supposed to find but no threat of penalty will keep staff mem- people to stav behind? bers at school if they believe their firs re-
.sponsibility is to families at home or to chil- 13 all this IIlanning a joke? If so, it is an dren in other schools. expensive joke. We have yet to see nny After all the figures are in, Roberts finds - evidence that this area co.uld be evacuated' that it needs, among other things: in a day, or even three days. The elaborate e28 additional buses planning at Owen J. Roberts has gotten the l e37 additional hus drivers district a lot of information but has not l 891 volunteers to replace teachers who brought it close to having a workable plan.
l feel they cannot promise to help And even if Roberts gets the manpower and buses it needs, its personnel will be at the
*22 traffic controllers to help buses get onto the roadways and to deal with parents mercy of the same chaotic traffic conditions trrivmg to pick up their children. ,
that will iseep the rest of us penned in. Roberts had, been told that the county - If every school . system and every munici-Chester in this case - is responsible for pality does the detailed study of evacuation l providing personnel and equipment that in- poss bilities that Roberts has done, the Fed-dividual school districts and municipalittes eral Emergency Management Association cannot provide. \ct the county has failed to might have to look twice at the 1.imerick come up with a single bus. despite repeated situation. If the others do not, then FEMA reque,sts from Dr. Roy Claypool, Itobert" will probably pull out the rubber stamp and l superintendent. dispense with the issue. I So Roberts has issued an ultimatum, if the Regardless of what happens, Owen J. Roh-county doesn't come up with the goods by erts is much better off for havmg taken the June 1, or at least give a clue as to where emergency planning exercise seriously.
}toberts should fill the<e neerl* then the rN-trict is goma to stop its planning process and refuse to approve any evacuation plan.
W. POTTSGROVE . SCHOOL DISTRICT-KAUFFMAN ROAD e PO'ITSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA 19464-2398 * (215) 32792277 .
. Office of the Superintendent '
December 14, 1983 I Mr.' John H. Cunnington, Planning Specialist Energy Consultants, Inc. - Riverside Office Centre 3 2101 North Front Street Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110 ,
Dear John:
We had another meeting of our Radiological Emergency Response Planning Committee last evening and several questions have emerged. Please help me to resolve the following uncertaintras:. ,
- 1. On page 6, item B3, do I understand correctly that the coordination of transportation resource requirements will be handled by agreement in the Plan prior'to any incident?
- 2. The two paragraphs at the top of page 9 under item 3 say essentially the same thing, do they not? , ,
- 3. Paragraphs F1 and F3 on the top of page 10 are confusing to us -- a clari-fication would be helpful. ,
- 4. Similarly, item 3B on page 11 requires some discussion. We assume that you would not want us to have the students use their automobiles in the event of an evacuation but we do not have a District policy for an item such as this. , ,
- 5. On page 13, item 3B, do you mean fire alarm systems, emergency generating sy' stems, and so forth?
i 6. Is 'it possible that our high school and intermediate school science teachers could obtain some equipment and/or instruction for our students regarding radiation? For example, if our high school could be a radiological monitor-ing station could we obtain weather station equipment, etc.? -
- 7. Could we review the closing of schools situation during an alert? I would assume that if there were an alert and schools were not yet open for the day, that schools would not be open. Would you have patience and go over this with me one more time?
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- 18. The matter of caring for students during athletic events here at the home school was raised. If we work out some sort of a policy, where woulu you include it within the Plan? ,
L9. ' Dick Bacchi, of West Pottsgrove Township, wanted me to check to see that the busses are following snow emergency routes. He mentioned that they were within West Pottsgrove Township but when they left West Pottsgrove into Pottstown on Glasgow and Shoemaker Roads are those Pottstown roads also designated as snow emergency routes? I would . imagine that this is something that you and Ron Deck are coordinating.
- 10. I had very strong opposition from Dick Bacchi on the issue of payment >
, . for training. He stated that Commissioners were told that this Plan would not cost any of us additional funds and that if we wanted to have .
-training for bus drivers (on a mandatory basis) it would cost the District money for their salaries. He, as a taxpaye'r, would object to this.
Further, he stated (even though he is a teacher, himself) that PECO should pay for any inservice for faculty members. I would appreciate- . an opportunity to discuss this matter with you~.
- 11. We are in favor of participating in some training but the monetary issue
,, , , should be resolved and it was felt that too much time was allocated for the training sessions.1 ,
- 12. Roy Cubbler, of Lower Pottsgrove, informed me that we should have the
~
Red Cross involved in the Planning and that they should be mentione,d in
, . the Plan -- possibly under the superintendent's checklist of peo'ple to call immediately. My understanding is that if we contact the Red Cross and ask them to assume a role then all costs which we may incur during a sheltering or evacuation will be borne by the Red Cross. An I correct?
L
- 13. Whose school calendar applies in the situation of public school responsi-L .L bility for non-public schools? Some of the non-public schools are open i-
- in the summertime. That matter should be clearly defined within the Plan.
As you cak tell, we had an interesting session and another one (or more) is
- anticipated. I do need your help with responses to these questions before I schedule our next meeting. ' '
Any assistance you could provide would be most gratefully received. 1 ,
, Sincerely, ,
t- , - EW Alvin F. Coleman
- Assistant Superintendent AFC/jz ,
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POTTSGROVE- '
$CHOOL DISTRICT ' .
KAUFFMAN ROAD
- PO'ITSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA 19464 2396 * (215) 327 2277 Office of the Superintendent April 17,'1984 Mr. John H. Cunnington, Jr. -
Energy Consultants-2101 North Front Street Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110
Dear Mr. Cunnington:
-' Attached for your use is an update of attachments 1 through 3 of our
. Radiological Emergency Response Plan.
I have taken the liberty of changing the format slightly for that portion of attachment 1 showing the number of individuals in a particular school., Also, in accordance with our previous discussions I have marked all references to non-public schools as being for "information only." Dr. Coleman and I recently had a meeting with Father McGuire and John Sensia of St. Pius X Righ School. At that meeting _ they were in agreement with us that we should be providing only backup notification services to them
.in lieu of assuming res1onsibility for other aspects of the plan as had been previously shown. In t tis regard, when we assume total responsibility for-updating our own plan it is our intention to ask the non-public schools for portions of their plans for inclusion in our plan as information items only.
If you have any questions on any of the above or on the changes as submitted please give'me a call so that we might discuss them further. Rest wishes, e
~
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- Xenneth W. Saylo Jr.
Director of Ad inistrative Services KWS/jz Attachments - 50 , 4 +4 -
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_R,,, A PuntzerPrhe-winalognewspaper ' in,iured L,imerick plant workers - ~~~.B.- am count on Goodwill Ambulance By FRANK W ARNER 18ercury 5-aft Wruer Fe=rth am a seve-part scies The Lamwrwk neulear puner gemas as rimams as fun power ska a twe breaks aus en a suusa near the seactur consaanswee Tme of the to mwhers as h plans are serumsaly naJured. Rhe hag *pensP
- AccurJang na Phelaartphaa Electric Ca?s ensase einergency plane, the anoma hbety respcusse moukt be shas amagde. .
- Can Gantedl Amtmiance Ca en Pustseowe .
e it ve Gentadt take she ansanted tasnern6k wer*.ers to resissome 18cnearnal18edical Center for treassness, But shes es obers the tasmersh piams's challengers hm4 as PE's plans aaJ ask. "Whas ofI
- AaJ th:4we the nuclear plans en alhawed se begun aperasang. PE has se convin6e she U S Nuclear kerutasury C==-Ts Asasnac Safety and tacessing Board the au h senportant qwsaaune have twee answered.
On the assue of annas emergency 54 aansag, PE has se show the NRC lacessang bearJ she lamench plans aaJ ma staff are aJegnasely prepared se hashine amttheng fresa a uuskor falltag fruse a laJJer to a large scale eCessamond en pese ss . Limerick: Year of decision injured Limerick plant workers count on Goodwill Ambu ance , stessammed seese pese een s sh==Indt's klems says a es caneer se plan ahernasaves than se see she plans carried ones reecaw of raJm inity 38 e* pumutee to get Juo esara asabutances te Postssous unha na huist he says but he as nos conwanced shat l As NHC hearings se sensee planneng. she m.aggag quetaaue has bars. What af Guudedl Ambulan6e and any sahanserra - ancludeng hamstif - are adhng to dnve shruugh a rmI==1rve plunw Fustssoma klennunal ham, decal Cemeer are mas asadater dunes a Lamerick plans emerge 1ecy) "If the actual theng comes. I she't know wLe l'en gosag to hve used I see Asa pull en he re - af I'm here thetes Ensuss. essurney for lamerwk Fcadugy Assaum, ha enkeel Pt; en esplaan how Gauetudl nahl PhlktC em say there " he sa)s. "I'll be honest with cis 3 If the real ab.r3 happeas. I dum't know abs may rempmene udt sesuaJ hi-tp enjawed Lannerish markers af shere mere a ahnseeve area esatina'ene takaag piece sammeJe the plane be " as the =.sne same Nesestha-Sc.s.1*C offocamis say Goudedl and PktklC will be able se handle vertesally all encaJcusa aavuls mm
-l shink n's appareas the of there an a ssierral camergency reginaring an evacas sam, me 3%e nanw tamie anpanes se Lasnerwk PLens markers.
- Gammenell Aatbestanse as sugipened to be rummang to the see, thry are gueng to be calacJ upes by a member of Camaletil has agreed to resskami se Lameruk calls, anJ sine hempetal hs agreed to accept any anjured tomanhape mays Ehes. tamwre6k merkers. PhlklC staff ascenbers are se he traened specially an she greatenens of radamesa espmure.
lie punass aus, en thes af a laanerick plans esmergency were she reanian fur h evacuneaua, the Pustasown Far secommes alwa PktklC andy mas he avadahle. PE has anuther agreensent unk the Ilmposal as she l eseJac 4 ceaser - pens 3*e sedes away from the plass - ancef waistil have se be evacuated Umsverusy of Ptionsylvmasa Phd.miciphea. to treet IJmersch workers. AaJ un the case, she 3.Dhed heepeal alae woeald maae the feve GauJudi a. ? -e se hcIp regnone as LEA cunplaces thas PE' has faded to make arrmagements wnh any other hospital, esca thningh at leans le 1 sakene peswass heapesel, s=seale she to ende plumw e=Pamuss aime are stumer aba ther Uneveruty of Penna svansa j C. Roy keens. cheerman of GauJ dl a=w= e. r se- Os= ti.d4 bem a .s.rtewa se pre eJe ** A.ase 8 =* t e prucesima. PE L agreenienes fress tanfarid Fire Ce to handle asume fires at the pa c r r** and , s.rvices se the IJernch plans But be as mes =mre abere, d .sey sh.sd. the as ei.e.66a ? en.h8 are 6.s the naJJie I audh & .e k* se =crve an a backisp to taafwkl af an esecuassia I *
- dab IMa*y Actium has aguenammied the adequacy ed the two volunteer fire companees up agasame a
-la amor run area ahme. we hve ese anajor ma p=a-a and three snapar meersang husnes." mars 13c%s *he af me " " ' " ** "#"* "I 4 m a aw wlunwer awmbers and fuor he trucks I unench are t.'
Ce , usih # hate i e a-,, full t.sce.aue.tse6mmeaus am.,e sh. e.G =1.knows we're puns
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ast=uissen mjured workers as the SJanerwk gmener pleas thanna NkC Iwerenas. Lassench Ecology Actam alsen has arg*ent al.as PF's IJmench cause plans bve aus fut:y e y6arted how PE mould maasfy lucal, state and sweieral gut..anwies offscials of any lamerwk plane Bus Sauberta A Emakas. PCs emnergency preparedness daracter, says Gaudwell nah8 l*l*Ja' .ere aus the e n.wreemy esdv gr.=eps chas can thctp in,=rs d wue hers PE se, . ess prucemliares sur manfymas shune emergency effacials are spelled esat clearly, fruen stw B.sawnsk 4
"See s'ae estas the me eleJ bve shat Insee prishmbalsey evens naes his Ea.kas. -t=- - .- -e, .- >J ru as stufi ==pera isciidens se sei, governor eat e -n viva a
(' esasy sme.kt n.sha a behap --'8 e se hasmSe GandwtEl reapamahdasars, es anst=.s n. 1he NHs' l.rn ens: =smed 6e expassed se deemic the mJequacy of PE's enmate emesapacy pamanene for the "The esher aben save we have wanskt be se stumspurt the saJssnJual= ausuepl.sa:e esassade she EPZ tthe lamaavmk gdeses earnt seemsh A dessneue ens affaste plannang - a hogger assue assuisesag mawase et scuassien to unde t.amergency I"Lasung 2.ees by a betacepter er by am.hr a=w -e cosavany shas was aus en call." - es to cisnie Baser. I
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g0,,,y\ ,# ;;;;;;rt- g;:: va.smo. n Pottstown. Ps. (19444) Trid ar Morning. June 15.1sse
$L80 A WEEK HOME DEIRERY I
Government sets no time limit on speed of ~ nuclear evocuation ' By FRANK WARNER t
- Mercury Staff Writer s The federal government does not tell an electne company neeking to build a nuclear power plaat to look for a place that could be evacuated within "X" number of hours. #
In fact. the government has no limit on nuclear accident evacu-t anon times. . If it dad, time studies. considenna populations and hrshways, would decide where e noclear plant would go. If a study showed evacuating a 14 male radius would take "X" plus I hours the utthry would have to put the piant somewhere else.
"We have nut put a time constramt on any evactanon plan any-where an the country." says James R. Asher, a technnlogical hazards chief with the Federal Emergency Manacement Agency (FEMAI Region !!L "We don't issue a bottom line number." he says. "because areas throughuut the country differ."
Instead. Asher explains. government agencies study each nuclears piant area. calculate what evacuate speed is possable, and make decisaans from there. In some accident cases. nf evacuanons would be too slow. government officials might 4 rect a nuclear plant's netgh-bors to take shelter an their basements.
; (CS HMeed et page 8)
Government sets no time limit on speed of nuclear evacuation C i ~se ) Asher, whose FEMA office is in Phdadelphia, is to rtview the They also would weigh the possabdsty a radioactive release would be evacuation plans for the Lamstick nuclear plant before FEMA ad- so short anJ small that an evacuanon would expose the population to vises the US Nuclear Regulatory Commassen on the adequacy of more raJioacuesty than sheltenna would. the rians. Dr. V' alt Pasetak. an NRC Region I radianon protection chief, says lhe NRC must accept the plans before it can issue Phdadelphia amms is irrtertant. Sie says he would advise an evacuation af a l Elecinc Co. a hcense to begin full. power rperations of IJmersk p.ic; ear plant expertences " slow bleedes" of large amounts of rada-reactor tJnit I. active matenals over a several hours. NJtC officials say they would not retect an evacuanon plan becauso A ha't hour nde out of the plant area might be better than sitting at am svxuunw *uutd tuu too lont They cnnf.rm there as no evacu. home saa hours exposed to relatively high radianon, says Partiak. But if there is a potential for a moderately large, sudden release. dr e any set time that as accer table." says NRC spokes-l l: nan Sunn C.gner. "We would tiunk that die local and possibly state people from a crack in tne plant contamment walls, at is better to would consider the total evacuanon plans when considenns whatever ask people to take shelter so IPey do not= drive nght anto the radio-protecttve actens they would take." active " puff." he says. A recent Lamenck evacuatson time study concludes that, depend. That kind of "erplosive release." he says, is likely to pass by ing on weather and time of day, at would take between 4 hours, g3 #ckly and have htfle effect on people who remain in their homes. minutes and 6 hours. 45 minutes to evacuate everyone within 19 miles Sheltenng also is preferred, when the hkely radanactive releases of the Lamench plant. are calculated in be small, says Pasciak. The area araund 1.im anck is considered a high-densary population And how about a situanon, hke the 1979 nuclear plant accident at area, with ta3.uu0 people within le mdes and 6 8 malhon people within Three Mde Islar'd, where experts seem unsure how bad the accsdent 50 miles of the plant. is or how much worse at can get? h* &cidm3 between shet!rring and evacuation. . emergency "I th.nk the system as a whole kt better now than it was at TMI." authonties say they wonJd consser the hkely evacuation speeds. Pasclah answers. i l l
"a N = 'THE MORNING CALL' -B -
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LOCAL RECON BUCKS BERKS AND MONTGOMERY COUNTIES Role of Buc Continued From Page B1 ^
Bucks-Mont Bureau Chief dents are to be esacuated because
- they are not within a 10-mile radius possit;e to her that families would
! The county commissioners will of the plant. pack up and plan to evacuate if l name a citizens' advisory panel next Spokesmen emphasized Bucks their children were la school at the
- 1 month to help develop what Bucks should be part of a formal plan to time, even if they were told they believes its role should be in any aid an evacuation but contended the could be reunited later, svacuation for residents near the . existing procedures will not work. The evacuation plan calls for
- Philadelphia Electric Co. nuclear ' There are too many " mysteries" traffic control points, including i plant at Limerick, Montgomery regarding the plan, said Mrs. Route 313 at Souderton and Route i County. Trench.The public and even offi- 202 at Montgomeryville, from which cials across the county are not fa- Pe0Pl e evacuated from a 10-mile ra-Bucks commissioners yesterday cffered no suggestions on what kind miliar with it, she said. dius of the nuclear plant would be '.'
. c.f proposal the county may seek. Mrs. Trench claimed the plan dir,ected to mass-care and decon-But Commissioner Lucille M. leaves unresolved some fundamental tamination centers which include a - 1 Trench reaffirmed the majority ards costs of number of school buildings in Upper , commissioners' decision of last week questions. supplies for One peoprefe accommodated Bucks. not to participate in the July 25 in host sites such as Bucks.
- Resistance to the plan by Bucks evacuation, saying the existing plan "Who will pay for the food sta. County's majority commissioners i
does not satisfy the county. ples that are to be available at Doy- has been stimulated by the Central I Various agencies including the lestown Airport?" she asked, also Bucks Clean Energy Collective, an l state, PE and others associated with guestionmg how the Pennsylvania organization which believes the plan 1 the nuclear power industry have Turnpike could accommodate the is unworkble. been notified of the decision not to thousands of cars during peak hours, Minority GOP Commissioner An- ~ participate, County Administrator if that is when an evacuation occurs. drew L Warren has criticized the ' William Rieser said. Her ma criticism seemed to county's decision to withdrawal. , The county fears its participation surround ans for school children, from the drill He said the drill
- would represent an endorsement of who Mrs. reach said, would be would hel natives. p develop workable alter-the planning, spokesmen have said. moved from schools in the evacua-Before Bucks takes any steps,it will tion area of Montgomery to safe The July 25 test will not include seek to have procedures reviewed sites in Bucks. any evacuation of people but is de-which call for Bucks to assist an an- Mrs. Trench said it seemed im- signed to establish the preparedness ticipated 24,000 people from the of communications and other as-Limerick area should an incident de Please See EVACUATION Page B4 pects of the plan.
,i .
Thursday, July 12,1984 ' Philadelphia Inquirer 1 1-11 1 d l
'W -Bucks won't join in Limerick drilli tealls'emergencyLeffort 'a/ charade' >
l
. By Steve Stecklow _.
But Trench re' plied, "I hope the the drill would involve only receivl
~
* "'*'" "
- message that will come through is ing notification of the " accident,".
4 The Bucks County commissioners that we care so much for the people contacting the Red Cross and possi-j's voted 2-1 yesterday not to participate 'in Bucks and its surrounding coun , bly sending two county employees to j N in an emergency drill for Philadel- ties that we are not going to accept In the event of aaserious shopping center in Soud accident,8 l
- Mc phia Electric Co.'s Limerick nuclear ' this plan, which we consider totally however, PE's plan would call for, Agr4. ph iy#
j power plant scheduled for July 25.. inadequate and unrealistic." Fonash introduced the resolution Bucks County to shelter in its public', iiiho. gg. Calling the drill "a charade," cou nty t1 , CommissionChairmanCarlF.Fonash at yesterday's commission hearing schools up to 25,000 Montgomerf-4*' m JA in , and Commissioner Lucille M. Trench after several members of theof Central
? i% a . _ . miles the plant, County residents McGill said. Up td.'- who live wi
, Bucks Clean Energy Collective at-
.' voted to send a letter to the federal tacked PE's emergency plans in the . 25,000 more residents would be ex,a 8N ,i yf ~'CT f
- l 6' I g.m @ . ll Nuclear Montgomery Regulatory Commission, the eventof an accident at the Montgom County, commissioners pected to flee to Bucks, he said."Certainl A . ;w aP y-g i y,4 and other state and local agencies ery County plant.The plant is expect- Bucks County in not being a very goods, informing them of their decision. ed to begin operating next year. .
- .( AJ % The action was criticized by Repul> In a statement, the group called neighbor to its adjoining county," saidd mk' @M(y - ly; lican Commissioner Andrew L War- PE's plan "the best-kept secret of the.
4 FE spokesman Neil McDermott. McGill said he believed PE's nucle # l , .r grHg gG ren, who voted against the resolution. year" and said few Bucks County ar emergency plan was "workabler' - l g"J{[by' tell people "Why are we going to sit here and residents were aware of its details, that we are so callous that According to Charles McGill, the saying it was analogous to how Phila',' delphia police handle accidents oti-
- we dont want to be involved in any county's director of emergency ser- *?
Lucille M. Trench vices, the county's participation in the Schuylkill Expressway.- '
'We care ... for the people
- emergency preparation?" he asked. .-
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stao A WEEK Syngggg fg =- hee 7maas Vot,53 No. 224 , HOMEDELIVERY
~ ucather. maid t'y mn*uttmg hrm. It enuld be blowest on a wmter Limenck: Year of decision-week day, du,, . swwstivrm nuM -ci-b ~r-ted ns hmm. .- f- m-nme gnvernor uf Pennsylvansa orders an evacuation untd the moment the
. = < last person is out of the Lamenck emergency aune.
But several groups contend that all Lamench evacuation time M MC studies have made overty optimistraan
- V0CU055h-e 55 5IJ ecutement in's radininsical emergency.gimpt,mns,ateut people andW p
e Officants and parmts m the evacuatinn Fanu'h %hensi distritts be) y there are majnr transportatum prnNcmb to be resolved m planrung ql an evacuaten that might happen dur tg a schnot day Y aa I At a June e public meetma. Owen J. Roberts school supenntendent Rov C. Claypnot chastised county, state and federal planners for a spendma too much time outlining problems, and too isttle tsme show-VO UnteerSI VOrlO 3 OS v?s L*m'"*L iew months b.tmg - to rearr.nge the chairs nn deck of the Titamc," Oaypont told a crowd of parents and concerned catuens By FRANK WARNER The Lamenck nuclear plant es in the $pnne-Ford School Distnet. Mercury Maff Mrner but the nearest schoni. the East Coventry Elementarv School, is 14 Faith to a five-part senes mdes away across the Schuylkdl River in the Owen J. Roberts School Pha!adelphia Electnc Co/s tallest remamsna hurdle on the road to District. hernsana the bmenck Unit I nuclear power plant is evacuation All or most of nme school distncts are withan 10 miles of the power planmndL plant. The others are Pottstown, Pottsgrove, Boyer own, Damel It is the last and pohsably most controversialissue the U.S. Nuclear Boone. Phoenixville. Perksomen Valley and Methacton. Regulatory Commission expects to consider before decidmg on Most of the school distncts bus chddren to school each day in two Lamenck's full power bcense. shifts, one for elementary students, tha second for secondary stu-To get that hcense. PE must show that local, state and federal i dents. Because of that two shift system, and because many students never are bused, there ts a shortage of buses to evacuate all the e government auencses have ' adequate" emergency plans to evacuate I students at once. or shelter all IF5.ovo people within 10 males of the lamench plant. Owen J. Roberts emergency plan coordmator Joseph Oark says l In heartnes tenratively actwouled for next month, an NRC Atomic { Safety and bcensma Board will have six basic questions to ask of the distnct as countmg on Chester County to come up with the 30 3 Lamenck evacuatum plannmg: extra buses. Other distncts need samalar numbers of buses. { e Can emergency workers provide transportatmn to 29.000 school **We really don't know where Chester County as goms to supply 4he students,500 humpital patients,2,200 Graterford pnson mmates and ' buses from." says Dark. "And fmdag buses as only part of the problem. The other part is imdmg dnvers." Cark says outsade thousands en emereeney7 of uthers who would not be able to evacuate themselves m drivers might get lost on has school dastnct's back roads. e Can state pohce and the Natanal Guard keep Route 422. Route 100, j Wattiam Wcthver. Spnns-Ford School Distnet supenntendent, esti-mates that considenna all the hnurs an a year, schools are an sessen
, koute 724. Route 23 and other evacuataun routes open 6f they are '
Just le percent of the time. So be hopes any evacuation comes after
< faced with snow. disabled vehicles or heavy busmess traffic?
school, when the schools wouldn't need any buses. g e Do local, cour*y and state emergency plans spell out exactly who Nevertheless, bmench Ecology Action, a Pottstown-based en-they would have,24 hours a day over an extended permd, to man ; vironmental group, has made the tasue of buses and bus dnvers an j traffic control points and dire'ct other aspects of an evacuatinn? official contention In the NRC Limench hcensing heanngs. e Will enough emergency workers really stay - and conversely, will De Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reported 4.11 bmenck area ressdents really leave - when threatened with envisah6e radsaten from a nuclesedesaster? *6 h, May 8 that findmg needed buses and other velucles is a tol>pnority 1 e Will emergency workers and f armers have enough dosameters, tu - r, ' " Category A" deficiency an the Lamenck evacuation plans.
.p measure their radiaten doses, and potasstum todade (Kil tablets, to '
FEMA. which must review Umenck emergency plans before the i prevent their thyroid glands from absorning radioactive sodme? NRC decides on a Umench full-power bcense. said area mumcb g e Can area residents rely on lee PE strens to abert thern to a pahties report a need for at least 317 buses and 30 ambulances. Lamenck plant mcident, and can the residents rely then on the radio The huses and ambulances would not be to move only school statens designated to broadcast emergency snformatson on the anc> students, but also to take people from the 324 bed Pottstown Mem-dent ? una! Medical Center, the 17kbed Phoemsviue Hospital, homes for j the elderly and the retarded, and day care centers. PE officials say the answer to all the questens either is yes or will i FEMA said the area's transponation needs cannot be added up, be yes by the time Lamenck Unit I as ready for full-power testing in ! becau=e mumcipahaies have no complete hsts of elderly, s:ck and late November or early December. i handscapped people who would need a nde or other special care durma an evacuatmn. I O!A does nnt know either what resources the State Correctonal Instituten at Graterinrd wnuld need, because the state Bereau of Related incp, chcrt and stories on page 31 g correci.on has ani 3ei i,ubmiiied its pian io move craierford pns. eners 5 A NUS Corp study for PE m 1980 assumed half the patients m the Pottstown medical center I 5 miles from the Lamench plant, would { recently To demonstrate that an evacuation hired HMM Associates of Concord.wmaid Mass, not to be unpossible weigt! the PE f be well enom>a in be evacuated by relatives, wt. ale many others I possible problems of a Umenck area evacuation and estimate how i would have to be moved by ambulance. fast everyone could be moved out. The report noted that some patients, an tracten or stenstve care.
,j ) would have to be movcJ. bed and all, m moving vans.
, HMM palmes Associates m the 14 mile Lamenck concluded that an Emergency Plannmg Zone evacuation could take , of all 42 mumc6-The same NUS { study abe whid the Graterford mmates,8.3 miles g as httle as 4 hours and 15 minutes, and no longer than a bours and 45 i from the power plant, would be moved an a convoy of 90 buses 4 mmutes. guarded by the state pohce.
I An evacuation would be quickest on a wmter week night with fair { flut the study warned that pnson officials did not want any night-(Come.nued es rese 58 time evacuaten. Their smital plans showed af an evacuation order l came after sunset, at would he too risky to put the pnsoners un the F buws until after bunrise. Even it all Lamenck area emergency workers recetved all the venacles they asked for, an evacuaten would not run smor'ht-local roads and hienways were cloceed with snow or traffic. ' af the Lamench Ecology Action contends that the state pohce. Narmnal Guard and state Department of Transportaten do not have the equipmer.t to clear snow, fuel up cars low on gasohne, or tow dis-uNed vehides dunnit an emtrgency. The anti-nuclear eruup also argues that the normally heavy traff c m the Valley Forge Km.t ni Pruuta usa mtrht hold up evacuess attemptmg to flee east from the Phuenimile area. but Honert 1. Reher, director r,f the Berks County Emergency Managemtnt Arrney, savs he would not expect any obstacles to blow tratfic s cmficantly durmr an evaetation. He u s it en unhkelv evervnne would leave at once, as drtvers do after a maior league baseball game, so such key hignuays as Route 422 and Route 724 mould not t>e clogged. In fact, they will remain open to tv amar traffic.
Limerick: Year of Decision Evacuation plans focus on vehicles, volunteers, varia ales "The trafhe flow at any one t6me es not go6ng to be that heavy," cmild catene the wuther's carty death.I lieber emplams. "Those roads are nnt emng to be made one way, and Vent A samt last month that the Pennsylvania 5:mergency Af anage-
- there simuldn't be any penblesns." Smaller roaJs are to be made ment Agency (PutAl is negntnatmg to have PE provide the necess.
one war. ary disimeters. E plA has not labeleJ the poss6bahty of impassable roads a major Potassium indkle tablets, called KI, fill up the emergency wartier's 8 problem.
. thyro 6d glands. (Mherwise, the th . Ads would attract radmactive
.{ , The agency did fled fault, however, with the failure.so far of , t,,' k.dme, wh6ch a nuclear plant is hbdy to release dortcy a mm)nr
==8" klantgomery and flerkeTvemmes to hne up and name in their emers. acc klent.
ensy plans the specific agencies who would man specdic trafhc The state Secretary of Itcalth would have In authordre the taking of cactrid pants. potassaune soJide, because the drug can have harmful side effects, Proper handling of key intersect 6nns would http the Ikiw of traffic such as amter,indism poisoning, smar bimellesiies and a kmered
- out of the tomde Emergency Planmna Zone and keep others from res6 stance to mfectuui enter 6ng the area- F ptA reported the state Department of flealth has not indicated
*Since an evacuation would, most likely, be an entremely danger- how the potassium todade is to he purchased for emergency workets.
ces time penod for those leavtag the plume expneure EpZ and et 6s 1.EA also wants KI given to farmers who might stay t ehmd to care important to prevent those from outside the area from entering the for their farms. affected area, this is consid ved to be a critical problem that tieeds to Annther aspect of IJnierick emergency planning has caught be addressed," said the Ma, a FEMA report. FDfA's attentiun. The agency says at may want changes 6n the way Even if area res6 dents were ordered only to take shelter, FEMA emergency agencies plan to notdy the pubhc shnut a Umettch added, emergency workers stdl would have to keep traffic out of the incklent. Umerkk emergency zone. Currem plans call for Montgomery, Chester and flerks countaes FEMA said the fadure to plan int the trafhe control points is a alertmg the 10 mile Umerick Emergency Plannmg Zone res6Jents Category A dehcrency.
- with tee powerful sirens installed thrnughout the zone. If the sirens And Limerick area local governments have yet another Category A fad, local police and f6refighters are to go der todant anrmunctng dehesency no their emergency plans, accordmg to FEMA, whnh the emergency.
cnticized the munacipahties for not naming the people who could The sirens would tell the rme's lle.fmo Montgomery County resi-dents to turn on KYW 19te AM radio; the $7,000 Chester County coordmate local activities around the clock for an entended emers- resulents WC0J 3420 AM; and the 18.0n0,Berks Cnunty residents, ency. Umer6ck Ecology Action, meannhite, says namme emergency WitUM-1240 AM. Each station would broadcast emergency infor-staff la not ennugh. LEA holds that the longest hst of names is mat 6nn. meaningless if no one on the list shnen up to help Because PE ortgir. ally was to use a computertzed teleptume system A radsologscal emererncy is so frightening and h11ed with uncer* to alert the pubhc,the stren system ts not mentismed in current drafts tainty, says LEA, that there is no guarantee the emergency worker of cosmty emergency plans FDIA sauf et wants the seren system who has promised to help the evacuatann will not abandun his com- fully explamed. FDtA also suggested that Montmornery and Chester countiet drnp marment and run. KYW and WG)J as the Umerkk emergency radio statsons. It is The unpredictable " human response" of bus anJ ambulance driv
- ers, schunt teachers and staff, pohce and f6refighters makes an pasticularly concerned about WCOJ, whnh does not broadcast 24 empty effort out of 1.imerick emergency planning, says LEA. hnurs a day.
C, Itoy Mest, cha6rman of Pottstown's Goodwdl Ambulance, says The agency said Montgomery and Chester count 6es "shmilJ give he cannot be sure any of h6s volunteers will show up to man serinus consideraterm'* to using WIP elo AM and WMMR 93.1 FM, Gondwall's f6ve ambulances if the Umench plant is leak 6ng real because they already are the pr mary Emergency Broadcast System radioactiv6ty. stations in the Phdadelphia area.
"Are they going to go in to help the person who has been exposed L6merick area planning efforts are ieing conedmated by the Mont-to the cretam6natum." Mest asks, "a.r are they going to go to their somery County off ce of Emergency Preparedness, the Chester famdies to get them to safetyF* County thpartment of Emergency Services and the Berks Camty LEA has argued that the variabihties of human response also Emergency Management Agency.
disproves PE's cla6m that the enttre popidat6on can be evacuated- Many of the plans for area Imruughs, townships and schtml daw ricts l EA says studies show that at least a percept of an area's people wdt have been deafted by Energy Consultants Inc., a itarrisburg based not Icave their homes then ordered to do so- group Nred by PE to assist en emergency plannmg. I EA says it does not assume no emergency worker would volun-The mun6cipahties and school distncts are reactmg to the draft sect his serv 6ces durms a nuclear plant emergency. flut 4: questions plans in ddlerent ways. Some are revnma them Sewne are rev6ew6ng whether there would be ennugts weekers and whether those wothers them Some are refusing to irmk at them. Once most of the IJmenck area emergency plannmg is fmished, wondd have ermugh protection. fluth LEA and FutA have pointed out that adequate supplies of the plans are to be submitted to Ful A, which must hold pubhc dostmeters and potasseum 6mhde are not yet avadabe for emergency hearings i efore it raakes a recommendatum en the adequacy of the wor kers. FEMA calls the problein an impnetant Category A defic 6en- plans. i The FEMA hearings also woul.1 consider the results of a planned ' ey. July 25 " full part6cipation exercise," the Umerick accident drill The size of a small flashlight, a sett readmg dosimeter is a sens6ng i device witte a httle meter the emergency worker can read to estimate designed to test the sirens and communications 6nvolved 6n a l how close he might be commg to his enaximum allowable radiatina Umerkk emergency. ' An NRC Inensing Imard alsn is expected to lu4d hearmas on the dose of 2$ rems. . eserc6se when temse hearmas are dime, the NRC board will decide I ( A 75 rem dose, n hech cundJ came a blond disease,is allowed 6f an whether 6e 6s tiene tolet Umcrick Uma i go to fuff remer. emergency worter 6s sent on a hfe sav6ng m6ss6nn. A 200 rem dose _ l l
Monday The Reporter * ~
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Fe6ruary 27,1sg4 i
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Group questions PE's plan for. limerick emergency drill By 1.EIA J. AYERS Reporter $4mit Wetter p IJMER!CK.from Al bientgomery County emergency bne doing thest job i PE asks Ier lean, Bg -
,. mandated planning requirements and plannang chief A. Lindley Ihgslow said Bradshaw and PE emergency plan.
Pl anning procediares of Montgomery volunteens have always rises to the ser Roberta Kanhus characterised the As Ptutadelphia Electric Ca. nears r h_F 'M* ^ ,J
' County's Oflice of Emergency occanloa of an emergency. He said utility's role en helping draw the plans the enJ of a three-year beensing l procedure for Unit I of its timetich l Pr edness - the office responsible educated volunteers would be more as that of - a rich macle."
nuclear power plant. a Pottstown.
~.' is ng local voluntms. . plaaW man those untrained le ndh> htzer saad alw doubts Hw plann6ng ns based environmental group has begun "/ *2 On July 25 representatives from the logical response prxedures, and that "rolhng along well enough" for PE to federal Nuclear Regulatory Corn. trasning has just begun. auume 6t wdt get its i: cense without 4
questioning PE's emergency planning M r3 i. n . Ilarrtiburg based Energy Consult. major plan revtstans, la put because cudwes G
' an aa= and the Pennsylvania Emerfi ants is help 6ag the county the with thegive anonicipaliues hatuhtaes Plans Before PE is granted an operaung ; ,
ency Management Agency wa
- grade" me p an's mergency meanca. planning prM mh municipahty MnPontenties mal raise legaland beense, state and federal officials must 1 I t g 3 '
' p ' taan procus and alunten raponse. W.an a Emile sa.hus of alw plant haaacial ammas.
' be assured a response plan as either 6e *h'i r 7 i Bah county and PE planners say needs ats own plan. But bicDermott said the state gives place or weu under way But 1.imenck l i f : l But LEA mesnbers, having reviewed tbe maaieipalaties Ihoee Ecology Actaan. led by I'hylias Luer of M- i 7 h' i i
, . the volunteers shouM be ready la tame for the dritt Dut Ltrer feels that in a the prehmina.*y have a long Est responsabahties - IJmerick or no
# ". ' . 2' Poussown. As wary of emergency k I' l'-I
'- $a,.J hi real emergency, many local volunteers of questions L recently faled with "nereLimerick.,s ao clear hae of who's b'i . 'M I bocedures ruandated by state and etal agencies l - tiunagh always nady Le !.elp la a the NRC a 32-page hst of "centen.
p l A July 25 date has been set for the "nwanal" magency - won't be tions" focusing on general safety asponsnde for what," Ltzer said. "la , firC) drill to test emergency response - I 'p {- f wtui by ra apond to as ma poismed quatans H wants ansumd befan taw sane cun men a just am nchangoal vity. NRC grants PE as operating Ecense. aames and phone numbers, of procedures being developed to protect i .' e h" "I $- - % 7% fire and rescue those living near the tant He prot.lcra is, Luer said, few o.f the ' ' o 4%.f~ 4 .] Skippack fare eldef Al Riset said H successful in getti the Nar g statistics that so far volunteers have had no attenhoe, Ltaer said gA hopes to capatsahtles.,oa N M input to Planning fw tlwir township. prnenuntarmny at heming hearings "nars tte rease fw planning." !' volunteers included in the plan - He said tw don na consular a m k W later mis ym. BewM" ambulance news, firefighters and even part time school bus dnvers - Y! ^ ~ CM'
"" N I- rad 6cartive emergemey " normal duty = Among 1.EA's mais concerns, Ltaer out beforehand ,2 ed au mis wwked M for mhantm Now is the tame for sa&d. an mat me drahs"an prmated But Laaer h . , ,ened stiiout me know about it, let alone the roles
+ they're espected to play /g. .g v ueli
---e- nrefighters to esamine their roles as mun6cipal plans, as 6f they were tone of the pewd plans. "Dey're "and decide whether they're going to formulated and suppntled by 6avolved all written into she plan as if Such waskers arr begimu to ask mpal eMals. But many h enn@ mlung, tuaned, avanatJe I around said Ltzer* add 6ag that PE h#N [" ^ U" b "F.c? *y ' tw lamind " he sand.
l "has a lot of work to do"between now Sasedlarly.Skippack Cbramunity Am. shipi supervisors dua't even reahae and committed to respundmg - a5 and July 25- bulance Corps captain Greg Bets said a tlwy esist let alune an able to discuss mthat me knowledge of the people gkesma Nec nicDerrr it OVER5Hr.DOW - The coohng towers for rease es asenrev pense
. census" of volunteers withag to thern."
respond io such duty han not yet been Energy Crueltants, Luer said, who are being named.
"It's one Sing that people be
* " '"""' Philadelphia Electric's nuclear power plant, still under infamed and te wining to make ,
frs6ca to sundastanda of su takes. so far tim county has twee doing ."{st usa golag Reyn a fwm armsk and fanstleinmnndtmenu, taw but nWing plm as d construction of ls' man'ck. stond fall obove Gtant Ave. in au Se wwk and has act ukal tw a b count, Beu said. mohans. AD the regulataons say is that everyone agreed to respond and that ne see LSIERK1K. A12 Pottstown. fm under tiw imprusion mat we for a power plant to act its bcense, the their inamng has been completed is would just be responsible for moving uuhty must be workmg on a temerg. somming else." the bedridden " Bets sa6d. ency respomel plan. We trad the IJEA retains hope that PE wtC i , Robert Bradshaw, a plannee hired regulahans ddferently, obviously." cancel Unt 3. 4 by PE Ig sienths ago to help with the Emergy Consultant Brae "But if tinit I has la operate," Zitaec project, said that once trained, value. shaw sahl the htles must saJd, "we want to ensure that every j leers should not be as frightened by provide for the safety of their ress. safety precautaan that,can be snade the naks. dents, and that up to now, they haven't wi# be made."
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I Ily FRANK WARNER Stercury $saff Writer l [ A
\ It's le a m Tuesday. June 15,2iv>4 The sean is shmma on the le mJe area arsamJ the IJmerstk nuclear pmer plane.
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/ The area's 22u.oise ressdents are smns ab.ut hie as assial Lune loo,niin of therit are at factories and s. Gases Annther M.euml of theen
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( are an adwel llumsands of cohers are an er arvessJ theer luwines. 4D
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's , ,y g \ Inshle the 1.imersch plant castral rimwn. I tui.uk lptua Ehrte se s'e
* (PE) operators have swwaced that the uhde tw4 I smesuk i rease.w
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/
gkg), jy (g N The inp of the react.w core is espwed It's hot, and an's gettme luister. It the core's stect fuct remis incia seest. herlJy r6edu active by products cenJJ he rdcascJ er.co the reastor buil hng - maJ gniss-j q'
/, M**8'CE i sidy smeskie the budJmg. In tp f
h * / /g ,
/ According to I.emerick emergency plans, here's in hat es wpp. sed so happen are:
<* 8 a / e Tbc plant supermtenJent immediattly eleclares a scewral emerg-i ej c.m s = M d}3 [s ency, the fourth and most scrusus class f alect unuwal csent, ak rt e / and $ste emesgency) of ntnicar plant acchicnt s
g j e*
" f[
f . . l. , e Within 15 mmutes, the supermscn& sit s.eps set three numbe-se ene a I special telepheme and samultanenusly calls the eme rge-ns y tie. usage. I j r C*r *
- ment agencies of Pennsylvama and &l migomery.Chev6r anJ ticsks l counties.
[ e The Pennsylvania emergency agency t PESI A 6 comtates time iceral
, emergency agency (FEktAl and the state Iturcoes of l<aah.dme a
g Prutecimn The 11ureau of $taJ.athm Pnsaccthe m.ebes wre the U S
. tg Nuclear Regulatory Commissann and other icJer.sl agensics horm
/ f what u happemng.
[.
- The county emergesny Jarectors immed..arcly gice the cr&r to simsal the lee emergency serens udhan as miles ed I smeek k l he sarcels tell are.a resklenes to turn en thest raJesen.
- i. e KYW.lorie Ahl raJue largms emergency broa&assmet to kl. msg.wn.
h Q ano ,,, 4 cry County resa&nts. WCOJ 14.'u Akt en t'hester Cenaawy; and
,,a* u tlUht 1210 Akt to t.icrks Camney.
e The g6nctuar of 1 ennsgivansa sheermmes the massatum as scre ms ( ensegh to mmt all the gut e cue t of ther 42 muma tswritu a ncasest
= l.amcenk lic cr.k rs an evacuatum e lhe gavernor Jaretes that staic twdne and shc N.we. mal Gea.uJ snake E CUATION OUTES sure th.et traffic sewn ca snumshly cut of the lon en b .ese e. w halc tim y all..w md} emercenay unrkers heht snto else g4sinic csp..seere s.. ear
- County and local es fa tals pull out emergency plans and call an hical polae faremen aimi ceher emergency workers se direct trafIw anJ
, transPurt slume who canswa drive. The emergency mosbers pack up dmameters and Geiger camnters.
e Wsth radioacmay escapmg from the nuclear plant, the saate Sec. These are the prep ed evacuatlen reuses from the 1.6merick Nuclear Phdadelphia Electric Co. se help local governments prepare emergency r:1ary of Ileahh auttkarues IJmerack area emergency weakers to i power Plane le mJe Fmergeacy Planning Zone (EPZh 1he snap mas plans. take potasssum andede (Kil pd!s to help prevent their thyruhl glands prepared by Energy Conwitants lac.. the pl. inning consmisants bared by 8, una r a
' ' ~ ~ ' ' ' ' ~ ' ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . evacualmn on a fair day namt.1 eake nearly 5 hours, anchklang the estimatcJ 2 h.sur delay twowecn the esme people are t.dJ to leave anJ the tsme they actually leave thest twasnes.
s
Tha oxports
- NRC studitsj7 ways ' -
to Limerick meltdown d usagree: The U S. Nuclear Regulatory Commession is consadering 27 dif- time a takes frnas the heumnang of she aneJant innial nede.b.un, she ferene ways the lamer 6h nuclear Iniwer plant cuidJ meltdown and durasum of the raJeiweetave tricane, a.iJ the wasamer smw egar eurs IfIocal officials refuse to pian - n -I-t ~~ ---~~~---n ms ,as, ,m.s li_ t,ne m.,,er_t a_ime s r, a_,~ t. t. for Limericts will others do it? ' RELEASE DURATION W ARNINC. TiklE ACCif>ENT NUklBER Tinf E TO blEl.TDOWN. I I T DWt22) 5 hours, le mmuses e hours. J0 mmutes 3 Immrs. 40 minutes By FRANK WARNER 2. I T MWL 25) $ Imurs, le minutes 0 lumrs. 30 manutes 3 hours. 40 anuiutes hiercury Saaff Wr6ter 3 i TvW12tl 5 hours, le mmutes e imurs. Jo mmutes 3 hoists. 40 mmutes 4 1 T514 f t) 2 hours. 24 minutes e hoiars. JO mmutes i lunar. O nimuses Ante nuclear groups have suggested that if local governments around the S. I Tclitti.'0) 2 hours. 24 minutes S Imurs. 30 samutes I bour. O minutes lamerick nuclear puwer l ant l do not approve emergency plans, the U S. 6 i T l.GTt'en I hour. 30 manutes . .3 lunars. 24 mmutes . .. lkms Nusivar Regulatory Commes.aun wdl not give the plant an operatmg hcense. 7. I T14Tt14) I laur 30 mmutes 3 hours. 24 mmutes. ...... . .. ... . N use INI some emergency officials say the groups are massaken. 8 Il TiWWts) 24 hours.$5 mmutes 3 hours.15 msnutes 5 lumrs.19 mmutes "They thmk that af they're not gotag to do the emergency plans, Plutadel. 9 lI-T.SE(14) 27 hours. 8 minutes e hnurs. 30 mmutes 7 hours. 4 muutes plaa Electsin; s not gulus to get a tu ease." says A. UnJ!ey lliseluw detector le ill T/WWI10) 2 times. 40 minutes I hmar !J minutes 2 huuts. le mmutes a4 ti.e bluntgun.ery Cinayty Qtfige of Esnerges cy Preparedness. "Delieve II. Ill T'StM5) 2 hours, e minutes e leuurs. Je sulnutes I huyr. 4 entuutes
- 12. lil.T<llut2u) k lauserst e ndneses O lmers. 30 ensuuses I huue..e.rgmutes sue.Thethat'a Federal not true " .h ,,. 3 Emes enpy., Int ge$cn( Agency (FEklAl must finJ 83 Ilf T.1.GT(2a);.,..a '
6 lumrs. 30 mmunes 3 hours.do mynutes". %~ .None lamernk area emers.inc,y A pl y'y* arleqyate" to protect the Imbhc belore the le ill T.14Ttis) e lumrs. Je m6nutes - 3 lumrs. 30 sumutes .- .-.... .. Neste NRC can Ikenne the plant for tull lower operatums. 15 IV-TiDWt2n 1 Imur, a mmutes 3 huurs. 20 mmutes e linears. 30 mmutes thgelow says if mumsipahties and school distnets do not come up math 36 IV T,WWiel I huur. 8 tumutes 3 hours. 20 mmutes e hours. Je minutes I amench plans for FEntA. sometwwly else - possibly PE itself - wdl do 87. IV T4WWi3) I lunar. 8 mumtes 3 hours. 20 mmutes e hours 30 manutes their plasuung for them It IV T;SE(5) 2 Ikwrs. O minutes 0 twurs 30 mmutes I hour. 30 maiusses 1.smeth k Ecokigy Action, an aattnuclear group, disagrees. It holds that I9 B.StDW4 23) 5 hours. F mmutes 8 huurs. 30 mmutes 3 hours. 46 minutes atm NRC may simwn deade that af local governments imd evacuations am. 20 iV. Af DW(I). I thmar,le mmutcat 3 lumrs. O minutes... O hours. 30 mmutes posuble to plan for, no local nuclear plant will be allowed to operate. gl. Is ceDW(13) - e huurs 22 manutes _ 3 thers, le minutes - S lumrs. 22 mmunes And some cNicaals of townships mithin the Umerkk 30 mde Emergency 22 IS C/ set 14) I huur. la muunes e lumrs. JO mmutes I twer. lit mmutes Platinang Zone are batretly opposed to havmg unauthertzed emergency plans 23 IS-C,DW(123 I huur. 25 mmutes 2 tumrs.54 mmutes I bour. Ja minutes 24 IS.CISEt i4 3 2 hours, la manutes a l>mrs. 30 mmutes 2 liumrs, la snmutes forced on them 4 hours. 34 mmutes 2 Inuurs 40 mmutes W. HKhard Whatlock. chaarman el the South Coventa Township super. 25 S.Il20sWW(lI) 2 buurs. 40 mmunes 26 S ll3SFt$) 3 hours. Je mmutes e lumrs 30 mmutes 3 hours. JO minutes visors saya there as no South Coventry plan unless the teenslup wiervisors 3 hours.13 manutes. -
- 27. S IBMWW49).- 2 hours. 50 mmutes 2 hours. 50 manutes erpree 6
.* lt udt not work methout our approval." says Whatkuk, who refusu to plan for lameruk emergencaes untd the state or PE comes iip with the szsmey lur the expenses mvolved to planning itw Simth Coventry supervuurt have even refuscJ to allow PE to install I l.ameresh w.arnma sirens a the township PE sued tne tuwashap othcsals so Chester County Court, and a decision froen the cuurt is not engcted to be handed down untd nest week.
Halph Ihrport, a deputy en the Pennsylvansa Emergency bl.anagennent Agracy o _ , m iPEntAB. uley mtmafueled the fires n _ tmethe before senJang any plans to I FklA m of lAcastroversy on.catapp,_ w _ m _ . ton b* men *ck low-power tests likely before final evacuation plans klay 9. m,ahen he tulJ an, "We are not sp.mg to submit the munaopal plans, the school plans or the county plans to t Ehl4 for furmal submasuun unless they are ad+ted by the I "8" '#*' "*8"I* lory Commissam may give the IJmerick Unit I early December. municipahtnes and the countaes arhi the a(tmul districts." liippert tulJ a power plaz'.s a"'hcense to start a low power nuclear chaan reaction by Sept. theermg crwJ If groups request NRC hearings ta discuss emergency plans atact the July al.: mwi howe =ct, that even if some munwapahties refuse te approve PF ved as ."n AMn Nua As am a 25 bmenck emer&c. the twensma pnwess may be prua.wed plaeas. PE&iA stdt would send FEhl A any local, school and county plans that The 2 a camrt decanum found the NHC ras mes eg in e . . .hw emerg-LJ lun approved And FEhlA might camsader them aJequate u fu pw te aa 1 perat. na the Dmemk nactor anay le ency plan esercises after all pubhc hearings mere cseu hJ W caust "If Seeth Coventry mill not make a plan, anJ we have the other plans, we #" " * * * " * " " "
- NH s s D tan sand NH mya nuclear plant to * * "" ""' **" """"*"' #*""8"#*"**
udt submat the plans for formal review to FEktA. moth a letter that we do go up to S percent power without approved off. ate emerCency plans. Beyond Inplwale e 1, w at l"eant duplacate nut have a plan frwn South Coventry." thppert said that point. emergency plans must be en place s'iJ endorsed as " adequate? James R Asher, chwi ei the FF.hIA Regium lli technuhigical hazards The Federal Emergency blanagement Agency (FE&lAl is to determme The NHC heensmg board already has emergeacy planning licarmats branch, says af hsal governments leave gapmg hules en plans for the thether lucal, state and federal authunteen are prepared adequately to scheduled before the IJmersk esercsse anJ FEktA has its oma hearmas timersk le mde Emergency Plannang Zone. PE might decaJe to imish the protect the pubhc in case of an accaJent at the IJmerwk plant. scheduled aber the enacise. pl.ms on its own- The NHC then has to act on FEntNs recommendataan in deckleg whether "Now the NRC is going to hold another pubhc Iwaring." n.nul liarper.
"There's been recent court ruhngs that gave the authoesty to the power to estee a full power lacense. PhdaJcipham Electric Co. plans to began "Another layer of paperwork and procedure can dehnately aJJ to tame lag " - plant to put together a plan, and af at was a feasable plan. FEntA coulJ full power operatsuns of IJmerick Umst I mest Apnl The appeals court ruled the hearings must be completed t chare the NHC approve n." says Asher. FEktNs lamersk recommendation wd1 be hamed en part on a scheduled issues a *hnal operatmg bcense" for any nuclear plant "Then the NRC woeald have to make a decessun ubether to accept plans July 25
- full partecipannin eserca e" - a lamerick accsdent drall during The NRC has not yet ruled an whether the lencthy musicar esentw fruen the utdaty ettelf." mhech sarens and commun*catsuns procedures udt be tested. hearmas coulJ postpune full power tentmg of a nu6 tear plant A delay en ,
khmtgomery Cuanty's Baselow says local governments have authing to The NHC's Norris said a blay 25 federal appeals court decision requinns fun poner testing might delay the start of full puner commerstal oper-gain by delaying emergency planning. when PE is so cluee to starting the NFC to allow pubhc heannes after a nuclear acchlent drill has no atkms. operatums of the 95 pere;ent complete IJmerwk Unst 1. bearms on when the NRC may anow low power testing PE has sa J delays can add up to 58 milhun a day to the cost of builJang "If they ever get a heense and we're not reaJy." he says. *then shame on thiwever. the court ruling may delay full power testing at some plants. the Lamerwk plant. The cm. rent $6 y bdhon IJmerwk cost estimate for two us " includans Lamerwk, where PE plans full pueer testang in late November or reactor units as 18 times the ocistnal 19se pnce tag ,
o e- : advantag; of in inland location: The "Except for a few individuals wh3 7 gg 9 plint would not be , vulnerable to i. tsununis (grrat occanie waves). might be irradiated by the passing cloud very close to the reactor, the a plan to move $,e35t=$"f,Ni$ e da'iess I**$'n't *$r*En/w"$# d with respect to latent cancer induc-Commission (NRC) would not con-C. 0(@todeh 9 sieer a >>ce se withe i it >> w s - report ordered almost a year ago because of concern for the large
" i' i * ' '- ' " ' ' " '
reads. One tem equals 1.000 milli - rems; an average Americans yearly lly Sara Schwieder population surrounding the plant. dosage ,from normal , bac ,
" " " * " sourcesis about 120 milltrems. j Limerick opponents still are not sai- After the statisticians compared Philadelphia Electric Co. paid its is!;ed.
the dosages between the Japanese consultants 52 million to calculate Before the report was even othetal- bomb victims and hypothetical vic ; the likelihood that the Limerick ly finished, a spokesman for the I nuclear power plant might suddenly Keystone Alliance, an anti-nuclear go haywire and cough radiation over group, was attacking it on grounds , millions of its neighbors- l that it minimized the risks by using l The consultants set to work. They incorrect assumptions and mathe- - compiled thousands of pages ofinfor- matical gymnastics, a charge vigor-The PENpod trles gamely ~ mation, calculations, charts and ously disputed by one of the report's' . lo dc[cnd the Limerick site maps; dreamed up complicated acci- authors. andcocn rhapsodi;cs i dent scenarios and an evacuation Employees of several companics a3oug One agcantage oran
, plan for the more than 170.000 people helped with the report including PE, ,
; who would have to be relocated dur- Science Applications Inc. of Belair, inlandlocallon: Theplant ing a serious accident; tried to imag- . Md.: General Electric Co., the builder i
ine whether, during a mcltdown, of the reactor,and NUSCorp.of Rock- trouldnot be Culnerabl.e to fSHnamis (prcat oceanic nucicar fuel would cat through the ville, Md. It was completed March 17 floor or simply flow under the door. and submitted to the NRC along with ifaDCS). and calculated such esoterica as how PE's application for an operating li-much radiation a human might in- cense. hale during an " undesired event." as Some of the report's other findings tims of a nuclear reactor accident,' they delicately termed an accident. include: the cstimates showed very little When the report was completed e if a nuclear accident Jdid occur at health effect on the public-March 17, the consultants found that the plant in Limerick Township,Ihe Doctors found no observable effect the risk to the public would be negll* prevailing winds almost always blow in people who had received a contin-(See LIMERICK on 8-A) directly toward Philadelphia, which uing dose of one rem per day to the would tend to spread radiation over whole body when compared with a f' i
%%ME# g [ the largest population in the 50-mile radiusof theplant.
control population that had received no extraordinary radiation.
'
- In a preliminary evacuation plan Even very high doses could be submitted along with the risk-assess- reduced by quick evacuation and' LIMERICK, from 1-A carly warnings to the public to take gible from the half-completed Mont- ment homes, study, PEand prisons listed 15 nursing hospitals within ! shelter, the report said. It would also gomery County plant, , which is 10 miles of the plant and e population : be affected by the number of people. ,
scheduled to begin operation 1n 1985. of 173,704 that would have to be evac. ! in the path of the radiation carrying
- They plume.
milescontended from Center thatCity Limerick, 27 l uated during a serious accident. The and sur- maximum estimated time it would To determine the most likely rounded by the third-largest popula- take to evacuate - which the compa- course the radiation would tend to tion of any nuclear reactor in the ny called " conservative" and which United States, is safer than the aver- take, the report cited actual wind I local officials termed "far too opti- direction statistics at two heights age reactor. They also calculated tha,t mistic"- was 11 hours,15 minutes. over the plant from 1972 to 1976. The the chance of a core meltdown acci- Moving vans would haul out bedrid- calculations show the wind almost dent that would produce one or more : den patients at someinstitutions. always at its strongest blowing to-long-term cancers was one in 100,000 f
- The most likely type of accident, ward Philadelphia in every season.
population a year. though improbable, would involve a About se'ven million peopic live with-j But then, they left out quite a few core meltdown in which the huge in 30 miles of the plant, in and possibilities that might trigger an ' steel and concrete containment around the city. accident, such as fire, sabotage, building where the reactor is housed Meanwhile, the report also in-l flood, tornado, hurricanc. carth. ! would slowly build up pressure until cludes emergency procedures that , quake or airplane crash. They als it failed,iike a pressure cooker burst- would be used to deal with aa acci-assumed that the plant would oper ' ing its top. dent, an accident classification sys-ate as it was designed to,and that the There was a section on the "hcalth tcm. charts with lists of agencies to control room operator would not halt effects ** of such an accident, in notify and a separate preliminary emergency systems once the systems which the radiation doses to bonc cmergency prep.aredness study. had flipped on nutomatically during marrow within a half mile of the The cmcrgency preparedness study the early stages of an accident - reactor were listed, but the explana- lists 15 hospitals, nursing homes and scmething that did occur during the tion was so vague in the text,and the prisons within a 10 mile radius that accident at Three Mile Island on , figures on an accompanying chart would be evacuated in the event of a March 28,1979. I were so tiny and so aechnical,Ihat PE serious accident. And then there was the matter of ' offic als could not figure out what Those institutions include Penn-the section meant. hurst State liospital, with 1.000 men-I huIik 11 n bm ick ownsh p' Still, in another place, the report ' tally handicapped residents, and
- Montgomery County - that has did address health effcets. It calculat. Phoenixville llospital, plus four i
" nursing homes - Coventry Manor, ed based partly on studics of Japa. Mary liill Rest Ilaven, Phoentwville fh plan for to cd n tha ncsc survivors of the atomic bombs dropped at the end of World War !!. Manor and Manatawny Manor, allin th t s chief shortcom u Chester County.
the sort of latent cancers that a se- - the report trics gamcly to defend the vere radiation relcase might pro-site and even rhapsodizes aoout one duce.
1 MLES , In Montgomery County, hospitals \ , 0 2 I
. include Pottstown Memorial Medical C;nter, with 275 beds, which is clos- '
/ MONTGOMIRT '
rta.l#** COUNTY Sch**"*"W* f-cst ct t.8 miles from the plant, and ( Eagleville Hospital and Rehabilita- 8 . M*w H.anw h ti:n Center; plus nursing homes in- ggggg
.gs Puhi***m$ ,
ciuding the Leader Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, Manatawny q%' COUNTY j
/ f PENNSYLVANIA
~s (4 ,g Manor and Residential Care, the l'rederick Mennonite llome, and the
/- C 600 patient Montgomery County g f p.ig. . g Gertatric and Rehabilitation Center. n !"
Gratirford Prison, a maximum secu- ,, , rity institution with 1,800 inmates,is .umem p.,,.h E 111111111111110 MILES 111 1111111I1%
. clso in Montgomery County.In Berks ti p.,6,,,,, a g'r, .
County,there are two nursing homes
- th) Douglassville llome and the '.E ' u,r ny m.
E - CNESM
\ x c u.s9,m.
e , RivIr Roadllome. s' . cn.ntru m. j COUNTY ,,,,,,,, e The report notes that the crucial , spring car time factor for institutions is the un.oute=a time needed to prepare the residents. \\ T At th? Pottstown llospital, officials ,
""***i"'
- estim;ted that it would take three to \
nine hours to remove patients, as. ""s1Yu emtst @k m, ,% g , q suming those on respirators or ortho-i nimbut.n jeg,s p.,mi. Juncti*a pedic cases could be picked up by a - moving van. They and other institu- - 1g , , tions tiso assumed that, during an ch.ri..i... accident, the entire staff would ar- */ .
%f,ma ice riva13 help. ,
~
- i Th2 state corrections official esti- One factor'on waien tne emergen-mated tctal evacuation time for Gra. cy preparation hinges is whether the tirf;rd Prison at five hours,30 min- Though the emergency plan is still a,ccident develops slowly, providing utes in daytime, assuming the avail- in its early stages -it does not have to be completed until the plant is time for people to preparc, or wheth-ability of 90 buses. The inmates er it crupts so suddenly that immedi-w uld not be moved at all during the ready for operation -it drew a cool reception from localofficials. ; ate action is necessary, the report night.he said. '
notes.- Timothy R.S. Campbell of the Ches. The consultants studied various
~
' -~ -
ter County ocpartment ni Emcreen-types of accidents, and concluded if Th2 rest of the 173.000 residents ev Services wrote that PE had not inside the 10-mile limit would move. , taken into account poor roads, break. one ever occurred it would probably too, mostly by private cars with those downs on ine roads and sesere snow develop slowly and might involve a nearcst the plant going first,in two and ice storms. _ hours Cr so, and those on the outer ..I Icel that my best comment is that core melt, plus overpresWsitioiof rim Irving within 11 hours,15 min- l 11 is overall far too optimistic," he the containment building. Other - utes. wrote of the plan. , , , .. accidents that seemed to have the best chances of occurring involved a l 4 .. . y . . q: t steam explosion in the reactor vessel i jc u; MI and a loss of power from the site,
., mg ,
which would interfere with instru-ments controlling the reactor and
$44.wJ4MW.ded wm: v7 %-
gC',,.& 9- ::;.
!, 3 various kinds of loss of reactor cool-l
, 12 w ; , i , . . ',, .,
ant, the report thcorized.
- s % ;f T7 ' ' i . "
3 11 said the public faced little j
.E ' f ^ ~ chance of danger from other sources p a~ ,40 ~
iZ A (F^ of radioactivity at the power plant,
~
;. s "
rs ,,
'such as shipping casks or leaks of s , .
m' Myf 80,4 mwyn$w L hZdy CM ,,]1bg; liquid waste. 3.' y*~ m m 7-Md,M But the company does not expcet m:a t d fj M g $ E Mgr@'TND; a any of the things that their consul. Fg g.t b n g;wfMfM tyhMaeg. mgp J@D b g a-.R.6 g :]~mm WTO h.e g*.w*] d ." 8 tants dreamed up in the way of acci-dents to happen in reallife-only in
" cau o the ' defense in depth' q @*
.gr e :
W g concept used in nucicar plant design, it is highly probable .that.a given
, Ti WS pg ;cMW_ Wy -
! C.# , accident sequence will be terminated r;d g ; ,e before it can affect the public," the l yy g@g' & report says. MW l And it says, "While risk analysts ygh _. cannot devise means to eliminaic all risks, they can advise on how to best allocate safety resources to minimize
-m a U ! 'u gj{' -mwdt iaossan.ucore
- societal risk. People must invariably assume or endure risks and hazards
- - e
. . . of some amount, and thus it is impor-
- A cooling tower is built at the "E plant in L1rnerick Township tant that information be made avail.
able so that intelligent choices can
O
'llmerick: too close for comfort?
By CRAIG R. McCOY abridged from The Reporter, Lansdale, Pa.,'Jan. 23 & 24, 1980 Reporter Staff Writer Part One twin-reactor facility, the Ph11adelphia Elec. Mile Island to warn against placing plants in densely It's not surprising that Thomas M. tric (PE) Co.. asserts that the site near populated areas, and added urgency to a previously begun Gerusky, director of the state'Ucreau of Pottstown is above reproach, federal regu. NRC review of its policy toward site approvals. Raciauon Protection. still swears by the lators now say Limerick appears to be The most recent salvo in the debate was fired late last view r.e neio eignt years ago. placed too close to too many peopie. month when The New York Times printed leaked sections The official has not wavered in his op,m,ion thit the nuclearpowerplantunderconstrue- THEIR STATEMENTS come as part of a o.f a consultant's report to the NRC that called for tion in Limerick Township, less than 30 crescendo of criticism in reccat weeks . serious consideration.. of the shutdown ot any plant milts from Philadelphia. is at a poor site. about the locations of several of the nation's whose operator could not deveioD-olans to evacuate "It would never be licensed in that loca- 111 operating or planned nuclear reactors, everyone witnm 30 miles of where an accident tock f* lace. tion ige were to start overJ said Gerusky and warnings about the difficulty of emer. By Lnat stancaro. osannine for Limerick mav wone of WfE criucized the plant's site at a 1972 gency planning near almost all of them. the toughest tasks in the nation. According to the U.S heiring of a board of the cid Atomic Energy nat criticism coming from the NRC Census.' s.8 million neonte live within 30 miles of the Commission i AEC). itself, other federal agencies, academic i what is surprismg. however, is that*the experts. congressional committees and Eant* fediral bureaucraev which once found grass-roots anu-nuclear groups, began even gy31y the operatig Indian Point plant in Buchanan.' N.Y.,40 miles from Manhattan, has more people living te o muasive nas now come around before the accident last March at the Three to his posmon _In a series os recent mier Mile Istand plant in Middletown, about 30 within that radius. That plant, which has dightiy 1es-mws. oinciais of uie ; .s. auciear Regu- nules from Harrisburg. . than 4 million people within 30 miles, has become tr latorv ( ommission ,artu, which took over But Three Mile Island profoundly shocked local point for much of the controversy over pla'i ff2m the AEC m IFis. agreca n s unwely the public, elected officsals, the regulatory locations. thf Limerick today wculd wm approval. apparatus and the nuclear industry itself. It But the storm of debate will eventually move south te Althougn the owners et Lne m culion led the President's Commission on Three Limerick. Push will come to shove on the day the NRC holds its first hearing on PE's request for an operating license for its completed plant. SIven uste== s - What follows is a look at the policies that led to the
""' ' p # .n
- I l granting of the go-sign for Limerick, and an assessment ess' of how the nation's attitude toward nuclear power - and
'%, % the regulatory climate - has changed since that time.
Tommorrow, The Reporter will examine the plant's l ,,,,,,,,, ,,,
, , , , , _ , , chances of getting an operating license. and take a look at l i the special difficulties that complicate emergency plan-g pp ning about the site.
10 mile and 30 mile PE PUBLICLY unveiled, its plans for Limerick in.1969. It was a time when the region s economy was was still flush I u evactration zones from the growth of the '60s and the sustained spending of I y around Limerick the Vietnam years. E [ site Demand for electricity was booming. and there seemed no reason why that demand should not keep climbing in years to come. The company planners who envisioned Limerick. and selected its 590-acre site on the banks of 1 River, saw the facility as a way to meet MONTGOMERY th
%hun. i The utility moved onto the site in 1970 - even %fere BERKS hearings on its construction permit had be.run - and built
, a worn force of avu.
The company took the step, spokesman Ronald Harper g noted in a recent interview, after a preliminary AEC 4 S,C. HW E N KSV1 LLE review found the site acceptable.The utility has t M*POTTSTOWN T ! construction wodid needlessly inflate the project's ecst - ! i , _p egged at $480 million in 1971 - and limit its aoility to meet the region's need for power in the future. , LIMERICK I T , Typical was a PE warning in 1972 that a slowdown in POWER PLANT TR AP P Er[COLLEG i years EVILLE construction could mean the firm would find itself five later with less than the 13 percent reserve generating capacity that the Federal Power Commission called essential as a cushion for a well-run utility. That dire prophecy proved false. Ibe utility actually found itself with a recorted reserve capacity of about 33 perce;. m iii. - wunout bmerick. Demand for elec-tricity is now crowmg at about 2 Dercent a vear. well below the 6 to 7 Dercent rate Dredicted hv the frrm at the CHESTER what tne company had not bargained on was that energy consumption in this region steadied about 1973. The stabilization in demand, which confounded PE officials and other experts, forced the company to delay voluntarily its scheduled starting date for Limerick.
The company originally hoped to put the I:cility "on These regulationsgrIra written in 1961, at a time when line" in 1975. Due to the series of hearings on the plant, a th2 nation's handful cf reactors were small units with a
!arge number of court actions and company delays, peak generating capacity of perhaps 300 megawatts.
current plans call for one reactor to start generating Limerick has a planned output of 2,110 megawatts. electricity in 1985 and the other in 1987.
.PE recently asked the Commonwealth for permission THE RULES did say a utility's proposed site could be to move those starting dates up two years, on grounds ectd M h plut would ;M phed in a h My that energy demand was picking up agam, partially due populated area. But, in th.e' words of the ' siting' task to the loss of Three Mile Island's output. The state has not force, that goal, ht reahty, was subject to "some ruled on the request.) '{"y g gg BUT THE company's aggressive attitude toward con- approval, and here's how policies limiting nearby popu-struction - in the project's early days at least - was not lation tended to get eroded:
ne s rit was Republican U.S. Rep. Lawrence Test One: The utility had to map out a " low population Coughlin. in whose 13th District Limerick was prior to a zone about its proposed site. No numerical limits were reapportionment,Coughlin faulted the utility for its start Put on the number of people who could live within this
. . zone. Nor did it have to be any particular size. But the on preh.mmary site work before hearings had begun on utility did have to prove it could be easily evacuated.
the construction permit. No small task, one might imagine, when picking a site The utility moved its crews onto the site, it should be such as Limerick. In 1970, according to the U.S. Census. noted. under AEC rules that permitted early jumps on about 150,000 people lived within 10 miles of the reactor. construction. provided work was limited to excavations Ad h nh jumpd b 780,000 if h rMius m , or laying of sewer and electrical lines. extu d d 2 20 d a And the company called off its men in 1972 shortly But the job becomes easipr, obviously, the smaller the before full hearings on the site began and just as it had zone. And the size of the low population zone proposed by reached the point where above-ground structures were PE was small bdad. called for. According to the utility's 1W1 safety report to the AEC.
. In an argument certain to surface again when hearings the zcne sub}ect to scrutiny needed extend only 1.2 miles are held on the completed plant's operating license, from the reactor..The census'found only 5,000 residents Coughlm charged that PE s managment has presented within that radius.
re The utility was able to focus attention on such a small ] e in non u lea rl at the site. Coughlin said zone because of those 1961 regulations drawn up for shortly after Lim. erick won its construction permit, plants with limited generatbs capacity.
" affords the unfatr argument that the public utility has The regulations, based on the premise that only a s invested considerable sums of money and thus should be " design-basis" accident could happen, permitted plant permitted to install nuclear facilitie operators to continually narrow the size of the zone.
L"Yet imerick sitethismeets Iwasi part the test ofs the reasoning that the for appmval ...board,s. providd he reactor was quipped wim " compensating Not that it's likely to be any solace to Coughlin', but the engineering Such safeguards, features's"uch as an extra-thick concrete atomic energy oversight arenev did smoose stricier around the reactor's radioactive core, could be plugged egntrols on early starts m 1972. But that poliev shif t came b2 a complu forumh M -AM h bgm of h too late to attect umencn., . . . . Iow-population zone right down to the foot. Other factors THE PRELIMINARY sparrmg before the AEC's Atomic in the computatfon were.the intensity of the plant's Safety and Licensing Board began in 1W1. When the radioactive material and the prevailing weather in the hearings concluded in 1974. they had won the distinction area. of being the longest such proceedings ever held in the PE also asserted at the hearings that the nearby area history of commercial nuclear power. could be safely evacuated even if its population grew Given the length of the hearmgs, it would seem logical from its few thousand.20100,000. they explored every conceivable aspect of the plant's " hey evacuate 100.000 people from an Army-Navy ope' ration, every conceivable form of hypothetical ac. game in Philadelphia and we could too," a utility vice cident. That was not the case, president told the hearing panel. The only breakdowns that could be considering during The firm's witness said that any future population AEC hearmgs were ones called " design-basis" accidents growth near Limerick would be accompanied by an equal t
- defined as malfunctions that would release radiation growth in the area's street and highway network. "If they that the plant's protective systems could either contain can get in there to live there, they can get out." said the or drastically limit, spokesman.
More seriohs occurrences. which the jargon of the field i dubbed " Class Nine accidents." were seen as so unlikely Test Two: Even if a site's surrounding zone were that there was no pomt in planning for them or even acceptable. the regulations called for rejection if a discusstng them. ' reactor was too near a " densely populated center." nat In the years beforg Three Mile Island, the conventional was defined as a place with more than 25,000 residents. wisdom was that Three Mile Island could not happen. But what was "too naar"? That's not to say that the old AEC policies completely Here's how the regulations spelled that out: A site was discounted the risk of placing sites in densely populated unacceptable if an adjacent town was closer than the areas. - . number 1 and-1/3 multiplied by the length of the low Reactor sites did have to meet rules about adjacent population zone. population in the early '70s. But when PE. asked to build Pottstown which had 25.325 residents in 1970. fit the Limerick in 1971, regulators were bound by a set of definition of a " densely populated center." It is 1.7 miles standards that officials now believe are inadequate. from the reactor. ' A special regulatory cominission task force on plant Let's do the calculation: 1-and 1/3 mutiplied times 1.27 siting last August - fife > months after the Three Mile - which is the exact length of the planmng zone about Island emergency - called for the rules to be jtaked. But Limerick - equais 1.7. they remam in effect toddy, and were the law of the land Pottstown was exactly f ar enough away for Limerick to nine years ago. pass both tests. And theplant won a construction license.
- IF IT a!! sounds complicated, that's because But the job entrusted to this group led by - But the probtrm, accordmg to itytn. in It b. But the bottom Ime of the regulations Samuel Ely III.' director of Montgomery that the latest federal studies now say a es that am am reactor couso win County's office of emergency preparedness, serjggs ggelear amm - 6 .... J approvat no matter what the location, cou'd determme whether the nuclear plant as an unlikel* exentap3s)d spread radiation Limenck may nave snavec at close to closes before it ever opens. a half-h6u? i Ely's staff has the task of drawing up. over
~IG ajo-mile rq@u11rton,17_ureTnvolved saidTeiErat officials no Pottstown, according to officials of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, but so did publicising and testing emergency plans in twe parallel efforts to improve the Indian i several of the nanon's plants located in that would kick into action should an ac- Pod: plant. One. he said, is a review of the ,
densely populated areas. cident happen at Limerick. Those plans engmeenng safeguards at the reactor itself l "I don't think it Idensity problem) is that must con the gamut from an accident so and the other is a hard-nosed analysis of common. *said official Stephen N. Salomon. sudden that nearby residents would have whether an evacuation is indeed feasible. who works with the commission division time only to take shelter in their homes to He said the agency hopes to come up with that helps states prepare for emergenews. one slow-breaking enough to aDow evac- ways to " buy time" should an accident take "But a lot of them went right up against the untion. . place. He said options include installion of a legal requiremeats." .lf the plans meet mester, they could play so called " core-catcher" under the reactor Another senior official. Daniel R. Muller. a key role in PE*s bid to win a federal . - a device akin to a firewall that would slow who headed the task force that studied the license to operate its twin-reactor plant. 'the the escape of radiation - or the construc-171 regulations, said the Limenck.Potts- firm hopes to have one reactor ready to tion of a 3000 milhon pit around the reactor town relationship was an example of why operMe by 1931 and the other by 1933. that alsn would slow escapmg radiation. the policy needed to be overhauled. If 4mergency measures are judged to be - The analysis of evacuauon strategies in-
"You've hit on exactly what the problem diffkasit or impossible to carry out, that el=da a detailed look at where population is w:s that we perceived with siting under the could mean federal officials could refuse concentrated around the plant, the natural old policy." said Muller, deputy director of Limerick a license. rendenng the plant a shape of the land nearby and prevailing the agency's division of site safety and billion <lollar white elephant. weather patterns. Such information, of-environmental analysis. Whether IJmerick is to operate will be ficials bebeve, can be fed into a computer "It was designed to keep plants away deternuned after a breed debate over public that will forecast precisely the path and from populated zones." he said. "It was pohey. It will have many participants, intensity of radiation in any accident.
designed to keep plants away from people ranging from PE executzves to legislators. Ryan said emergenew planners need to be and it didn't quite do the job that the from top-level regulators in Washington, equipped with tools at least as sophisticated framers anticipated." D.C., to anti-nuclear activists in the village as the plants they must watch. In taking that position, agency officials of
- fa "The technologies don't match," Ryan have adopted a stand long held by anti- Although Ely's role in the debate may be said. "It's like dragging up a space rocket to nuclear activists, such as former Penn State crucial, he does not intend to take part in the a launcher with an os cart."
University professor Judith Johnsrud. argument. He sees himself simply as a Ryan said Indian Point posed a tough "The whole thing is so sloppy and open to planner. . planning problem, not only because of the laterpretation and the juggling of "I live within two miles of the plant. I'm sheer numbers of adjacent residents, but i statistaes." according to Johnsrud. an ex- not going to say whether it should or also because of some special institutions i ' shouldn't be there " the 53-year old official that lie nearby. He said these include the pert in urban demographics. who criticized umerick's proposed sone at one of the said recently in an interview at his.new former Sing Smg Prison. now renamed but hearings eight years ago. bunker-like ' # t. command center still home for 2.500 inmates, and several "We have always said that these (regv- near Collegerine. - state parks, which might hold more than lations) were absolutely --- -
' - in "De very fact of th'e matter is that it is 100.000 vacationers on a hot, summer day,
^
terms of providing safety to the pu'blic.", ...~ there. And it's my job to develop emergency Will the engine ~enng changes'. If instituted. Muller's task force called for replacement planning to seve poople." work? Will planners decide the area can safely take a nuclear accident? Will Indian of the 1962 regulations by a requirement that
. BY AfW measure. Ely has a tough task in Pomt continue opeesting, will it be reduced all future plants be surrounded by "emer. in power, or will it be shut down' gener planning zones" of about 10 miles. front of him. De Lhnerick site is,one of the A ' reactor would be blocked, the report most densely populated such locations in the ."It's too close to tell," Ryan said. "I don't recommended if the number of people country . . know."
Among the nation's 111 sites for planned withm that zone exceeded a fixed number.
- ALTHOUGH SAM Ely knows the problems The report did not come up with a hard . 8! operating aselear'plaats Limenck is' among the top Sve in terms of nearby that confront him at Limerick are sizable, imure as a lid for allowable population he thinks he can develop a workable plan.
withm the tone. But the study did m.ke - ' Popolation. It has 5.000 adjacent residents some tentative suggestions - and the Lim. at a Sve-mile radius, 150.000 at 10 milee., .. But the real burden of caiiytag i trick plant's adjacent population is far 7F5.000 at 30 miles and 3.8 millson at 30 out an evacuation - or of lasuing wanungs miles. to stay inside - will fall opon the hundreda greater than what is proposed. , The report ts now before the five-com. Although the locations of several of the of locals officials and voha;.teers from l moon board in Washington. D.C.. for nation's planned or operating reactors have townslup supervisors to firemes who must possible adoption. And the 33.1 billion ques , Pronked concern. one pant in particular deal wit's the ordinary pubhe. tmn for Limerick is whether the board will stands es a etwin to Limerick. And the not-so. ordinary public. Dy esti- < want the rules apphed to plants u'nder That plant is the operating ladian Point m::tes he has at least 800 bedridden people in station in Buchananan. N.Y.,40 miles from the plant's viemity. hose people. Dy notes ronuruction NRC official Salomon put it this way: Manhattan And officials of the federal would have to be shuttled out of the area by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). the county's 88 volunteer-staffed am'-
"If you do tighten up." he said. "what do vou do with the old plants that got through which oversees atomic energy, say that as belances.
- b. 4re you tightened?" Indsan Point goes, so goes Limerick. He added. with a bit of a gallows smile.
.T' ' - h=*1 + = ~ _- so that his office has a list of undertakers who intense. that a semac Nm' ^=8 told can supply about 40 hearses to move the ppmers last month the pl4Dt sholikt be sick. aged or handicapped.
iPart Two) Any evacuatJon must also contend with A work force of about 1.500 now swarms about the half completed Philadelphia Dec-sh{[do_wn 1 marsorume "derater H the - recumDunwer the state pnson at Graterford. seven miles
' ***I""**II tne (PE) nuclear power plant in rural Dd direct prison holds 1.600' inmates who, as NRC agwy.ificial* ce Robert S ate P mRI'"'
g mms,or told hof the official Ryan observed in connection with Limenck Township. sealing off its twm epmu in a mat intentew that the coolmg towers and outfitting its reactors, the old Sing Sing's prisoners, did not receive major concern at Indian Pomt is that a f ast. potential exposure to fallout as part of their contamment shell. breaking decident would not give nearby sentence At another location. about seven miles weidents enough tim to get away. from the plant sate, a much smaller crew is De county official last October began his also at work. 'The roblem wnh evacuations is time." fut M M mg e M mgm Only eight people labor her'e. and in a se yan, unme dee advim state W. f cials on emergency planning. "I could a..nd planners from the neiehboring counties. . structure infmitesimally smaller and less Out of those meetings came some expensave than the 33.1 bilhon I.smerick Primitive but essential starting plans.".he ya t m I sa u e % is ar fmm ove, might take a year, but I could do 11." _, J
- .- - - - _ . - - . - . - - . - . - - - - :_ w
Still to be done. he said,is development The report tlso said that planners should Within five miles of the rnetor. popu-and testang of a system to alert nearby define a Somale " food pathway sene" to lation density should not exceed one-half of residents. He has yet to meet with the ensure that contaminated food - especially the average density of the entire region in elected officials from the 13 townslup and- milk - would not reach the Public. Ely also which the plant is located. four boroughs that lie within 10 m.las of the . is meeting this requirement. NRC officia!s have said the "regmn" may plant. But another federal study, according to a t:e defined as the state in which the plant 1he first stop. he said. will be Pottstown, draft report obtaused by 1he New York sas. Pennsylvania, with 282 residents per whose 25.000 r===t==a form the most con- Times last month, calls for evacuation plans square mile, is the nation's esghth most '
- centrated pocket of population within the at distances as far as 30 mues from a plant. densely populated state, according to 1970 anne. This stuity, under preparation by an out- census figures.
i - Yet another meetsag must be held with side consultant to the regulatory _ com- The f mass transit authorities and school officials. "rnission, reportsey calla for ' serious sin-- within.IjyeJpHgg.h_856' population density forper I.imerick square to hne up use of trains and buses to move sideration" of shutting any of the nation's mile
~
- a density six times the
~
people. plants for which such an evacuhtien can't be standard would permit. done *
- From five ts"To~rniles from the fi mg er -{ Many expwts, including civG defense 4 ppulation_ma:EMQ@ plant.
m e-When an evee- ficials in Pennsylvania, have donded the quarters that>Libe.. state Limenck also almady untion ofpartiaHy residentscomplete'he near t Three Mile pr* Posed 30 mde sone as unworkable and cosid not ime the_s test - its., density isi,this Island plant appeared imminent after last unnecessary. Butits wy suggestaen h gegraph,,n,e_, nag as 383 peopse pe,mluam *
- strates how uncertam the field of emer- mile.
March's accident. Ely's staff meenved pledges friiii vanous county'iEcol diniets 8"'Y 8'"""i"8 '*""i"'- I' D "il S " * "'I'I should The new commission stance on emw. not esceed twice the avocage for the state. that about 50 buildmgs could be used t gecy planning has dremL me im W tk So Pennsvivania's limit would be 524 and house Dauphin County residents, !.15enck"-whichhasadensityof H2in this
. Those pledges mmain in force for Unwr- "'Ag,,fil strial Forum ring sta:Kfa0 again.
h a ttom lim supply of ter ' ' pwhaps 20.00h people. fs ter to itl ou
'"*=*("
T d en "1he Nuclear Regulatory Commission is states. News Service was told by MUCH REMAINS to be done; the job ahead attempdag to use me Ecasse - he utHity MON @W._g an @ tad is immense. But what makes Ely's task -- to gain Image wie me leautin, such force.ca,egn: M - -
. particulary difficult is the tremendous state se count nd wwWeblthas m A SPOKESMAN for PE. Ronald Harper. )
oruncertainty that now prevails about as- :, ,,g g coEdii'I~n isi'me'M ' ' '
- M*" changes in site policy. He said that's a
'- the commission now has ao power to compel ND8d Iis furew states to engage la emergency planning. It subMet solely up to the "mgulatory com-because planeus have had little exp'enence can make suggestions, set standards, and massaan and Congress."
with large-scale evacuations and even less But Harper, wro has steadfastly main-with nuclear emwgacies hopes municipalities will seek its approval, l but it cannot accept or mject a plan. tained that Limenck will be "a plant that , Emperts are buoyed by the success of last 1he NRC's Ryan frankly said his authertty operates safely in our back yard." indicated November's mase evacuation in a suburb of is limited to "ya . cajolery and he was concerned that federal officials were Toronto, an exodus that saw more than beeswax." trying to "make a cookie evtter policy and 220.000 people in a 90 square-mile aree flee The agency has tried to get around this apply it to all plants."
; without mishap from a potentiaBy deadly roadtdeck by creation of a policy called 1he utihty spokesman also said PE ,
- chemical-trais ilersiknent- ? "concernsee." Translated, that means the couldn't be espected to take the financial
- But the 1hree Mile Island experience was W hopes states wHl subndt plans wig loss that a shutdown of the Umerick facihty
'less heartenmg which it can "concer.~ would enta:I.
Although pregnant women were advised to Only 12 of the 42 states wit operating "No corporation can carry that kind of leave the vicinity of the plant, no mass planta have achseved concurrence. Pennsyi. financial burden without clearing some kind evacuation was conducted at 1hree Mile vania is not one of them taugh state of return." Harper said. Island. But Thomas M. Gerussy, director of officials expect to join the group shortty State radiation expert Gerusky disagrees. i the state Boreau of Radiatico 7.uus. . "1he Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- said evacuation plans for the area would not BUT PERH1PS. for Limerick, the mest has an attitude they've espressed this con-
- have worked had they been tried. senous new mgulatory development en the ' stantly - that it's the utihty's nsk 10 build i And Montgomery County's Ely said his horizon is a proposed NRC overhaul of its the power plant." Gerusky said. "The wnote -
problems were more intense than those policy toward site approvals. , ' iba has been that it's at PE's risk 1 hat faced by his counterparts a Dauphin Comty Agency officials last August proposed an islant may never operate. list if they wsht to last March.- entirely new set of rules that would govern build it, so ahead." +
"My problem is that I have a much larger location of nuclear plants. The Atomic Industnal Forum is not as j population to move than they did at 1hree lhe agency staffers who developed the reticent as PE about stating its views of t!e i ~ Mile Island ... That wts primarily a farming new rules say they deliberatelsmede no proposed new siting rules. Stetson. manaeer community." he said. . recomment.ations about applying the stan- of heensing and safety projects for the It was only last year that the fedwal dards retroactively. But at ienst one of the Washington. D.C. based group. said he does government issued a report giving state five NRC commissioners - who ultimately not see the need for a new policy.
i officials like Ely guidance about essetly make policy - has said he will consider Stetson said the need for new rules for what kind of potential nuclear accident theT imposing them on operating plaats or those future site request was moot because the should plan for.1he report came after local under construction. industry itself stopping proposing sites in 1 officials complained they had no ground "I would look at all the plaats'from the densely populated areas in the early 70s ! tules to follow about how long as accident point of view of these new standards." NRC And he said he was concerned that an unfair , m:gnt last and how far dangerous radiation Commissioner Victor Gibassy recently told yalue Ndgment" about paseet osants was ; might spread. a reporter for the Washington, D.C.-based imolied in the call for a redrafted palsey. Ely is now following the mport's recom- Statts News Service. "The less that has Stetson's opimon will surely be tested l mendations. which call for plans for evac- been done to them (plams unde mm when the regulatory commission holds its 1 sating people within 10 miles of the plact. tioct, the lower the thresboid for changing hearings on PE's request for an operating
- i
[' 8Previously, planning had been for a five- our mind." license for Lamenek. male zone or lessa Few can dispute state offirial Gerusty's The report said as little time as a half- The rub for Limerick is that it would not qual fy as an acceptable site under the new 8"'.nmerg-up '
. hour could pass between the moment when a
- The heanns on that plant is going to se siting policy as sketched out.
plant malfunctioned and radiation was re- something else. !*!! tell you.' leased. and that fallwiut could be generated The new policy calls fw m#eth of a plant site if its adjacent population exceeds for as little as a half-hour and as long as a certain enteria. Here's how the rules would several days. work for Limerick. + - 6
. g I
f
j _W , y i f CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
;I ,3 Maureen. Mulligan, hereby certify that I have served the following h y ' individuals;on the service list below by-first class. nail, postage
'p' repaid.with'the following information.on-August 31, 1984;-
'L,imerick EcologyjActionis supplementaryLresponses1to Philadelphia-
. Electric. Company Interrogatories from June- 25, 1984
-- -e
- a)1 Additional identification of' documents & related info
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b)l LEA's answer to- Philadelphia ? Electric Company's proposediStipulation of August-10, 1984
.c)' Affidavit of-Maureen Mulligan, as reques.ed La'wrence -Brenner, Chairman ~l2)' ' Ann P. II.odgdon , Esq.
~~
r Adrhinistrative Judge Office of the Executive Legal _ Director
;U.S.JNuclear Regulatory U.S. . Nuclear Regulatory Commission
' Commission Washington, DC 20555
. Washington, DC 20555 u- 'Dr.1. Richard F. Cole Benjamin'Vogler, Esq.
Administrative Judge Office of. the Executive Legal Director _U.S.'NuclearLRegulatory U.S.cNuclear Regulatory. Commission Wash i.ng ton , DC 20555 Commission Washington,;DC-20555'
~
iTroy B. Connor, Jr., Esq. LDr. Peter A. Morris . Conner and Wetterhahn Administraei.ve Judge 11747 Tonnsylvania Ave. , NW-Washinuton, DC 20006 U.S.: Nuclear Regula tory Commission
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Washington, DC'20555 Philadelphia Electric Company Attn: Edward G. Bauer, Jr. VP and -(;eneral Counsel Docketing and Service Section 2301 Marhat St. 3 Office of-the Secretary Phila., PA 19101 1U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission' Thoma's Gerusky,-Director __ Washington, DC 20555 Bureau of Radiation Protection, DER Atomic Safety and Sth fl, Fulton Bank Bldg.
~ Licensing Board Panel Third and Locust Sts.
Harrisburg, PA 17120 "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory.
~
Commission. Spence W. Perry, Esq.
. Washington, DC 20555 Associate General Counsel FEMA AtomiciSafety and .
Room 840
. Licensing Appeal Panel. 500 C St., SW
.U.S.ENuclear Pegulatory Washingt.on, Oc 20472 Commission Washington, DC 20555 Zori Forkin, Esq. "
Governor's Energy Council P.O. Box 8010 1625 Fron t St. ' Harrisburg, PA 17105 m_ n .-
~ _ -
. ;g ,a- '
.Tay M. Gu ti nrroz , - Esq . -
Pobert Sugarman, Esq. U.S. Nucicar P.e<pilatory Commission Sugarman and Denworth Region? 1 _r,31 park Ave. 3 01 U ""'! N'#8"E' 10CIfI f King cf. Prussia, PA 19406 P ii l l n el e t pitia , Pa. 19107 Director,:PEMA-
- Basement, Transportation and Safety Building -
IIarrisburg, PA 17120 Angus Love, EstJ . /tligtg., ; C' di d ) 101 Eas t Main S t.
'Norristown,-PA 19401 Robert Anthony
.103 Vernon Lane Moylan, PA'19065 Martha W. Bush, Esq. *r i mo thy _ Camphe J l
'Kathryn S. Lewis, Esq.
- Solicitor'n Office Clien t r r 'Cann ty tie p r .
"f Eme'nency'ser,ietn 1 City'of. Philadelphia Municipai Services BuiIding I5 Ea '8 h I 'lil I e SLrrei Phila., PA.19107' Moni 8.le r t t e r . Pn. I'llnn Frank-Romano 61 Forest Ave.
Ambler,-.PA 19002 e 4
~*- d '# '
l August 31, 1984-Ma tt r e e n flu i l.i na n .- Vict P re s lil e n t (,
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