ML20235K637
| ML20235K637 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Seabrook  |
| Issue date: | 02/21/1989 |
| From: | Moriearty S MASSACHUSETTS, COMMONWEALTH OF |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20235K640 | List: |
| References | |
| CON-#189-8080 OL, NUDOCS 8902270190 | |
| Download: ML20235K637 (706) | |
Text
- _ - - . _
's . . . - .
$0SO$
o@gt&M w.ww ume ,
'89 FEB 22 P6 :16 T_ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
[0C - I'bM'
-EPA p.3 -
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING' BOARD =
Before the Administrative Judges:
Ivan W. S.mith, Chairman Dr. Richard F. Cole Kenneth A. McCollom
. . )
In the Matter.of ) Docket Nos. 50-443-OL
) 50-444-OL PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY ) (Off-Site'EP) lOF NEW HAMPSHIRE, EI AL. )
-)
(Seabrook Station, Units l'and 2) ) February 21,'1989
)
TESTIMONY OF SHARON MORIEARTY ON BEHALF OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS REGARDING JI 49 8902270190 890221 l PDR ADOCK 05000443 l T PDR 1 !
L isoS lj
___ _ _ - o
TESTIMONY OF SHARON MORIEARTY ON BEHALF OF l THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE COMMONWEALTH
'OF MASSACHUSETTS REGARDING JI 49 Summaty_of_Ieatimonv-l Ms. Moriearty has had fourteen years of experience in the disability field, including needs assessment and service delivery planning. ,This testimony is a comprehensive discussion of: the levels and-types of disabilities which are
'briefly described in FEMA Guidance Memorandum 24. In addition, the testimony discusses in generalized terms the1 types of assistance an individual with a particular disability or -
disabilities could require in the' event.of a protective action to shelter or evacuate. The point is made, and emphasized, that an individualized needs assessment should focus on the t
l 1
I l
o L
1 1
functional" limitations of a particular person and be made in the social and environmental context within which the persons j i
lives. In short, Ms. Moriearty points out that different j
, people with vatying disabilities will require different needs and types of assistance, some of which may need trained support l l
l and some of which may require a responsible contact person.
The emphasis is on ininised assistance. This testimony discusses the extent of community and family resources that generally exist for disabled residents as well as information on the economic profile of disabled people in general. This background information is useful in understanding the' reality of available assistance for disabled individuals during a crisis or emergency. In short, there is very little to rely on.
The last section of this testimony discusses the 1
applicability of the SPMC provisions in the context of l assisting the special needs resident. In short, this testimony states that the needs of disabled residents are not addresed where the only " assistance" that occurs during an emergency is the dispatcher of certain vehicles and where no assistance at all would be provided if there was a protective action to shelter.
Testimony Q: Please state your name and describe your professional background.
A: I am Sharon Moriearty, Deputy Director of the Massachusetts Office of Handicapped Affairs (MOHA). MOHA is a statutory 1
a agency within the executive office which provides a variety of dir.3ct consumer services and intergovernmental programs to promote community living opportunities for persons with disabilities. I have approximately 14 years of professional. experience in the disability field, including direct collaboration as a professional colleague with people who have different levels and types of disabilities. .I also have five years experience in public administration. Prior to assuming my. government position, I was a public policy representative for a private, family-sponsored organization which promotes opportunities on behalf of people with mental retardation and related disabilities. In my present appointment, I supervise a direct-service program which assists disabled individuals in obtaining various government and private assistance. I am also responsible for service planning on a policy level. This has involved extensive work regarding various types and levels of disabilities. I have developed special knowledge regarding the fiscal and programmatic aspects of delivering services to this population and have researched and written on a range of service delivery topics, including mental health, mental retardation, hopelessness, health care, education, vocational rehabilitation, special needs transportation, long term care, family and home support networks, specialized housing, and income de i
______._.___________.___._____________j
n ,
c,..
assistance programs. Having worked with consumer organizations throughout my career, my knowledge of needs within,the disability community is both systemic and very 4
practical with regard to day-to-day and.long. range planning requirements. A copy of my curriculum vita is attached.
-There'is also additional information regarding my professional qualifications contained in testimony-filed on J1 48.
Q: What contention are you addressing?
A: My testimony concerns JI 49 which states that the SPMC does not provide for adequate assistance to the special needs resident population in taking protective actions to evacuate or shelter.
Q: What documents related to JI 49 have you reviewed in the course of compiling your testimony?
A: I was given portions of the SPMC which relate to assisting the special needs issue. These include the following: t SPMC S3.6(c); IP 1.10; IP 2.7; and Appendix M. I am also familiar with FEMA Guidance Memorandum 24 and NUREG 0654, Rev. 1, Supp. 1, Section J.
Q: How would you classify various types of handicaps?
A: To begin with, the term " handicapped" has pejorative L origins in social usuage. It's etymology shows that it is derived from the phrase " hat in hand." The disability community prefers the term " person with a disability."
__.._m_..__ -
Wv.-
i h;*l f,
L:
Having made'that point,-let me refer you to my discourse on- q H the contentstresults'of.the 1985 U.S. Census ~ Bureau Report which is contained in my testimony on JI 48.
6 Q: 'Are you familiar with the classification used in FEMA
< Guidance Memo 247 A: Yes. That document separates disabilities'into those which !
concern."sensoryfimpairment," " mobility impairment" and mental / emotional impairment." With classifications'that are.this broadly drawn, I will try to' address,-within those parameters, the functional limitations particular to individuals with a disability which might fall under one of those headings. However, it is very important to understand that individuals with disabilities may very well be'" classified" under more than one of these headings
-depending on the level and type of their functional impairments.
Q: Can you give me some definitions applicable to the classifications that Guidance Memo 24 uses?
A: Yes, having stated that'there is no " canned" formula for classifying what is a highly individualistic determination,
'I will describe those terms based on my experience.
Q: Please understand that when I use the word " handicapped," I don't mean it-to be pejorative. The materials we are dealing with use this word, although they also use
" impairment." It might be confusing if I deviate too much from-the text.
u L
, A: I understand. : perhaps the drafters of the materials may 1
want to rethink their choice of words. 1 i
(
Q: Pe r ha ps . Now, could.you please. describe the term
" handicapped"'or " disabled" in the context of those '
. individuals with sensory impairment, l l
A: Although I am not a medical authority, conditions I have I
seen which are commonly grouped under the heading of 'l
" sensory impairments" are communication disorders, such as difficulties with the physical process of speaking, hearing, seeing, or information-processing as well as malfunctions of internal organ systems which are significant enough to restrict one or more major life-activities, including breathing and immune response. Disorders of the l skin, which can affect general physiology as well as tactile sensation might also fall in this category as.
would, conceivably, certain kinds of organic brain dysfunction. However, individuals with sensory impairment.
could have functional manifestations which also place them into categories of mental and mobility impairment as.well.
Q: FEMA Guidance Memo 24 also uses the term " handicapped" in the context of those individuals with mobili'ty impairments. Can you describe that for me?
A: " Mobility impairment" is a functional concept with a range of possible diagnostic antecedents. It may be described in very practical terms as degrees of limitation in the activities of walking, climbing, lifting, carrying,
'I i
i
- - _ _ _ __ _ _ - _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . - . _ - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ - _ - - . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ .___-_a
- .c
(:
handling objects, getting around inside a dwelling or.in the community, or getting into or out of bed.
Q: pleasi describe the term " handicapped" or~" disabled"-in the context of those individuals with mental or emotional
's impairments. .i A: This category.has the most inconsistent application in diagnostic classification schemes for disability. It can include mental retardation and mental illness,-which can present very different etiologies and adaptive behavior-profiles, as-well as chemical dependence, autism, learning disability, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic head injury, and stroke. 'I have seen classification schemes where people who do'not have endogenous cognitive or behavioral dysfunction are classified in the same diagnostic grouping as mentally or emotionally impaired. For example, epilepsy, a potentially serious though episodic neurological condition, does not necessarily impair an individual's cognitive or behavioral faculties. Here again, this illustrates the point I am trying to make, which is that from a service delivery planner's perspective, people with common diagnostic classifications or general groupings may need very different kinds.of assistance. _For this reason, it is essential that planning for people with disabilities be as individualized as possible.
/u (
From'a service ~ delivery standpoint, my personal preference is to restrict this category (mental or emotional impairment) .to a functional concept: degrees of. impairment in adaptive behavior and cognition which limit the~ ability of a person to' spontaneously self-direct, including to take precautions to protect one's self. In my opinion, approaching the disability in this light would be far more likely to result in a correct assessment of the type of treatment or assistance necessary within the context of planning for emergencies, but not necessarily within the context of providing medical treatment.
Q: Is it possible that an individual would fall into more than one of the aforementioned categories of impairment?
A: Oh yes. As I alluded to earlier,.some disabilities are very likely to occur in clusters. An individual with 1
severe mental retardation, head injury, stroke, or cerebral palsy, for instance, may also have significant mobility and sensory impairments. Individuals who are seriously chemically dependent can develop serious physical disabilities. Individuals who use wheelchairs, or otherwise restrict their ambulation, over an extended period of years, are at greater risk of developing internal disorders or contracting infections. Service providers are aware that people with autism, for reasons not fully explained, have fragile nervous systems which increase the I
j l
}
risk oE. life-threatening shock in instances of i environmental assault which would not necessarily affect a L person without autism the same way.
., Q: I would like.to focus on those with sensory impairments.
To what extent would individuals with such impairments be able to take~ independent action in the event of an emergency?
A: I define " independent action in the event of an emergency" l l
as the ability to follow public instruction and take ;
1 appropriate precautionary measures unassisted.
Based on the most recent United States cenus bureau survey which I have mentioned earlier and which I have attached in the appendix to JI-48, about 4.3% of the adult population has a hearing impairment; 0.3% are unable to hear normal conversation at all. About 7.1% of the adult population have a visual impairment; 0.9% cannot see words or letters in ordinary print. About 1.4's of the adult population has difficulty having their own speech understood. However, the ability to take independent action depends not just on the severity of a disability but on the presence of appropriate environmental and technological supports. Some people with sensory impairment can fully compensate and operate independently with appropriate and reliable technology; most do not possess the requisite level of technology due to its cost and restricted market supply.
r .-
Yh Moreover,'one must consider'that during an emergency, many of the existing systems 1on which such people rely could be disrupted or disabled. Individuals who can successfully manage'a sensory impairment with medication might'have this supply interrupted with medically volatile results. In the-situation of a disaster or: emergency, one.must consider that many people with sensory impairment may be rendered significantly less functional than they are in their present circumstances. .In my opinion, this question cannot really be: answered without an individualized needs assessment.
.Q: What specific types of sensory impairments would require-that special assistance be provided in the event.that a particular individual.was directed to. evacuate his or her:
home? please describe the types of special assistance.
A: An individual with any degree of sensory impairment who-depends on an environmental or technological support or who currently needs, but does not have access to, such support would require some degree of personal assistance to evacuate a home. The types of special assistance required would include: Use of aggressive, personalized notification schemes to supplement any contingency notification plans for homes, businesses, and public facilities which are communication accessible; possible assistance in gathering personal effects; specialized transportation arrangements and, depending on the I
J
- l l
i 1
individual, pre-planning paratransit transportation; and {
l L hands-on monitoring to insure that destinations are i l
environmentally accessible and programmatically qualified i to receive such individuals. Well planned assistance would include accommodations for animal escorts and adaptive equipment as well as contingency arrangements to insure continuity of other essential medical supplies. The most responsible way to go about this would be to develop, in direct consultation with the di.sabled person, an individualized plan for each individual who has a disability and recognizes the need for having a planned response.
Some individuals with sensory impairments, such as a blind person, depend on the routinization of their schedules and living space, especially those who live alone. These people would need a reliable contact person to enable them to gather necessities and leave the only place where they can truly function independently. People with hearing impairments may need someone to communicate with them throughout the evacuation.
Q: What specific types of sensory impairments would require that special assistance be provided in the event that a particular individual was directed to take shelter in his or her home?
- 1. '
A: . 'If such-an individual were to take shelter, the assistance required would again depend on the level of eiivironmental compensation already present. Again, a' preliminary individual needs assessment could help predict this population. In this situation, homes which are not communication accessible would have to be identified beforehand. Some individuals with appropriate technology and who are already oriented to the site at which they are directed to shelter might be able to shelter independently with a back-up emergency response system, such as an on-call" professional team, in. place. However,-many individuals with sensory impairment who run their own households depend on routinized organization of personal; effects, or reliable supply of medical goods, or specific spatial arrangements in order to function successfully. .. I f these arrangements are suddenly disrupted or disabled, in my opinion, varying levels of personal assistance would have to be planned for in order to prevent varying levels of disorientation and physical trauma. Special assistance may be needed for the performance of shelter preparations as well as during the sheltering period. Individuals who depend on the regular availability of certain medical supplies, animal escort, or technological devices must have the possible disruption of these systems addressed. An individualized emergency plan, developed by the individual, could predict and address these contingencies.
4 Q: I'd like to focus on those with mobility impairments. To what extent would in-Jividuals with such impairments be able to take independent action in the even of an emergency?
i A: About 5.7% of the adult population has some difficulty l lifting'or carrying the weight of a full grocery sack; 4.3%
are unable to perform the task; 6.2% of the adult population have difficulty walking three city blocks; 4.4%
are unable to do so at all; 7.1% have difficulty climbing stairs and 2.9% cannot do so without assistance; 2% need help from others to get around inside the home, and 0.7%
need help to get around inside the home or into or out of bed. These figures are drawn from the U.S. Census Bureau Report discussed earlier. A number of people with mobility impairnent:s, particularly people who use wheelchairs, may use a personal care attendant or homemaker to assist with activities of daily living.
In addition to the sever.t, of the mobility impairment, the presence of adaptive equipment which the individual can use alone, such as a walker, manual or electric wheelchair, or a lift, is critical to the determination of independent capability during an emergency. The physical accessibility of the environment -- home or office -- is equally critical. Conditions relevant to physical accessibility include whether egresses are graded or ramped, whether alternative vertical pathways exist to stairs, whether
environmental controls are reachable and manipulable, whether personal accommodations, such as kitchen or bathroom appliances are usable by the person with a mobility impairment, and whether community accommodations, such as transportation systems and congregating sites are physically accessible. Very few households with a member who is mobility impaired are adequately accessible, and the accessibility of public accommodations is still quite limited. These type of considerations reinforce the need for service planners to conduct individualized needs assessment.
Q: What specific types of mobility impairments would require that special assistance be provided in the event that a particular individual was directed to evacuate his or her home?-
A: Given what is known about environmental accessibility in community settings, the vast majority of individuals with significant mobility impairments would probably require some degree of special assistance with evacuation.
Individualized planning in advance of any emergency as well as assistance with preparations for evacuation, and arrangements for specialized transportation would be necessary to fully address the special needs of the mobility impaired. The key word here is " individualized".
Special transportation requires careful, individualized planning to insure that vehicles can accommodate the individual's type of mobility device (mo2orized wheelchairs 1
~ ~ - - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ !
require.special van lifts, for instance) and that drivers are trained and instructed to assist the individual if necessary. The current availability of safe, reliable i
paratransit vehicles for persons with mobility impairments, such as ambulances, vans, taxis, or lift-equipped buses, is extremely limited. Again, individualized planning and troubleshooting systems would need to insure that destinations have the appropriate professional, including personal care, resources and physical accommodations for an individual's sheltering needs.
Q: What specific types of mobility impairments would require that special assistance be provided in the event that a particular individual was directed to take shelter in his or her hume?
A: people who cannot walk more than a short distance, lift or carry the weight of a grocery sack, manipulate common objects, or climb will need special assistance with most sheltering preparations. In addition, most residential and work settings are not accessible enough to accommodate the j
daily living needs of a person with these significant ;
I mobility impairments. In order to shelter, there must be the presence of an accessible space. The best sheltering space, in terms of being farthest from windows and doors, could be in an inaccessible area of the home, or too small to accommodate a person with mobility equipment. Some individuals would need assistance to shut windows, doors
e... 1 i
and vents. LSome individuals would require personal care,-
such as'catheterization, physical therapy, or assistance-with_1ife support' equipment, throughout the sheltering period. Others"may have sudden medical needs, exacerbated by stress and its effect on vulnerable internal organ systems.
Q: I'd like to focus on those with mental or emotional impairments. To what extent would individuals with such impairments be able to take' independent action in the event of an emergency?
A: Because of the aforementioned classification. problems, estimates of mental or emotional impairments in the population vary;widely. According to the government survey.
cited earlier about 1.5% of the adult population has a serious mental or emotional impairment.which is commensurate with a work disability; about 1% have a mental or emotional impairment which requires regular personal assistance with a major life activity. Preliminary identification and
. assessment would be necessary to determine which individuals in this disparate category are prospectively not capable of self-direction or self-preserving behavior. Some individuals could function relatively independently for a short or even longer period of time if the individual is i
familiar with the physical and social environment, and medical needs, such as medication or chemical dependency, are under control. The most significant factor for l
-4:
m individuals with 'significant' mental or emotional impairment is the presence of sympathetic, qualified personnel, who
= understand the nature of the disability from a therapeutic standpoint and-who can assist, with varying levels of
' intervention, in direction of activities. Some: individuals could function as part of a professional monitored group.
Others would need more individualized attention. The correlation among some mental impairments and physical disabilities means that response systems would also need to be alert to other possible environmental and professional needs of this group. Given the disparate functional needs which can fall into the category of mental and emotional impairment as well as heightened sensitivity to l environmental assault, the development of individualized emergency plans is the most responsible route with this group.
l l
'l 0: What specific types of mental or emotional impairments ;
would require that special assistance be provided in the event that a particular individual was directed to evacuate his or her home?
A: Some individuals who might fall into this category of I impairment might be characterized as potentially highly sensitive to environmental assault and demands, such as an emergency might invoke, for agile adaptive behavior. This 1
means that maximum preservation of the environmental " cues" l 1
L they rely on, including familiar faces and objects, is
'O especially important with this group. In addition, a proportionately greater number of these individuals than the general population are marginal members of society, living transient life-styles without meaningful family relationships or a home-base. These two considerations would make any evacuation of persons with mental or emotional impairments a special management and clinical challenge. preliminary planning would need to include individualized assessment of the present living situation j as well as identification of shelters and lodging places or other dwellings where individuals without a permanent address might reside. Some individuals might require the assistance of a trained staff or contact person to provide one on one assistance.
Evacuation personnel should be trained in the therapeutic strategies that are effective with different mental or emotional impairments as well as familiarized with medical needs of these individuals. Back-up medical I and security systems should be available, but not employed as the sole or primary management mode. Relocation i
facilities or destinations would have to be appropriately staffed and organized to address the special needs of this population without isolating them.
Q: What specific types of mental or emotional impairments would require that special assistance be provided in the event that a particular individual was directed to take shelter in his or her home?
___ l
a t
b-A: Individuals who cannot understand language'or who cannot' E self-direct based on public instruction would need. personal or group assistance both during preparation for and throughout the sheltering ~ period. . Adequate' medical supplies, such as medications which'are regularly needed, must be supplied. Some individuals.needing assistance
~
would need personal or group assistance both during preparation for and throughout the sheltering period.
Adequate medical supplies, such as medications which are regularly needed, must be supplied. personnel providing supervision or assistance must be qualified-and prepared to address any coincidental physical disabilities an individual might have as well as to address medical or-behavioral sequelae which may be provoked by stress or
~
withdrawal.
Q: Generally speaking, what people and organizations can be looked to for assisting the handicapped'in the event-of an action to shelter or evacuate?
A: 'While the number of community-based organization which are knowledgeable about and accessible to people with disabilities is increasing, the backbone of these efforts is voluntary, and the overall level of community support available to this population remains extremely limited. i Generally speaking, community-based organizations which can, on a routine basis, assist individuals with i
W _0,.'
r disabilities or assit with some of their specialized needs include traditional medicalifacilities,' clinics, and mental healtp, centers as well as a variety of voluntary.
organizations, such as_ centers for independent living-(for peer counselors and personal care attendants); home care agencies (for elderly disabled); visiting nurses associations, local human services programs such as group homes or rehabilitation facilities, and consumer organizations which represent specific disabilities.
Organizations in this latter category tend to be organized on a regional or statewide, rather t' a community, basis.
Those organizations most familiar with the day-to-day needs of individuals with disabilities are not emergency-response agencies by mission and would have very limited capacity to-respond to an emergency.
Medical facilities such as nursing homes, hospitals, and clinics are logical back-up resources for'ceneral advice concerning people with disabilities, although these resources would not be a realistic supply of personal or individualize assistance. Hospitals, for instance, have an acute care orientation which limits their capacity for maintenance services, while long term care institutions do
( not serve the community beyond those formally admitted for care. In general, such medical facilities should not be I
4 )
1 I-l expected to accommodate, in any meaningful way, caseloads
- i. ~beyond their planned patient volumes. If these types of organi,zations were to be relied on to supply any assistance, they should'be surveyed ahead of time to-determine their capacities and resources.
Q: In your opinion,'what efforts would prove effective in planning for providing assistance to handicapped individuals during an emergency?
A: MOHA has assisted many individuals'with disabilities who are homeless or who require immediate assistance to avoid relocation. The major problems we face in this endeavor are the limited economic resources of the individual'and a lack of_ temporary accommodations which are accessible either physically or programmatically. -Many public and charitable programs will not accept persons with a disability.or persons with a specific type of disability, and the vast majority cannot accommodate persons with significant mobility impairment. In addition, the extreme shortage of affordable, accessible housing for people with disabilities prolongs relocation efforts significantly.
Our experience with the availability of extended family networks for emergency support would not recommend it as a j i
fall-back in the event of a community-wide disaster. Over 40% of households with incomes below the poverty line have a member who is disabled. Often such families have many
z.:
other siresses as well, and tiie occasions for " doubling up"
~
that we know of are usually not appropriate.
-IJbel.ieve that .cf f ective emergency planning: f or this population requires comprehensive.-indly_idualized needs assessment, drawn up well in' advance,.as well.as the availability of trained interdisciplinary staff'and contact people to provide assistance in the event of either.a protection action to' shelter or evacuate. " Assistance" r would also entail the preparations necessary prior to the actual emergency. Some members of this trained staff could
~
be drawn from the disability community itself and various community agencies. A network of this nature would be instrumental in~both notifying and assisting. disabled residents need'ing such specialized attention.
The suggestion in FEMA Guidance Memo 24.at 6-8 reflects
.thi s li ne of th i nk i ng where FEMA. recommends the use of
" buddies' and " contact" people. Their recommendation to establish back ups for such a contact system is also a good way of ensuring that the disabled are not left without recourse to protect themselves fully. Likewise, the FEMA recommendation for "one-to-one assistance" where needed is absolutely crucial. Someone, however, must take responsibility for 1 1
l l
l l' l
I J
initiating and developing such a " buddy" and "back up" l system.
Q: In th'i absence of existing or planned for assistance of the type described above, what kind of unplanned assistance, if any, could be counted on in the event of an emergency involving either evacuation or taking shelter?
A: That people with disabilities are twice as likely to live on poverty incomes as other Americans and twice as likely to live alone suggests that their natural support systems have less " bench-depth" than for the general population.
Extended families and neighbors are of some, though i limited, value and should not be made the cornerstone of any plan to assist individuals with functional impairments. In my experience, it is not tenable to assume that the natural support systems are there. Each situation has to be evaluated individually and sensitively.
Moreover, the needs of this population are often compounded by social discrimination and ostracism based on ignorance or fear of the disabling condition. Is is unlikely that these natural social prejudices would soften under the ctress public health emergency, nuclear or otherwise.
Q: Imagine for a moment that there was an abundance of
" family," " neighbors," and " volunteers" who would provide unplanned assistance to disabled individuals in the event of an emergency? What information, if any, would these responders need to provide effective assistance? !
A: Effective assistance requires that the person providing the assistance know the full range of the person's needs. Of
)
4
a .-
course,-ait would be even better if the person providing assistance actually knew the person. This line of reasoning goes back to my original point -- you are only able to' assess the needs of a disabled individual if you understand that person's functional limitations. In addition, where'some disabilities are of'a certain nature, information, no matter how comprehensive, will be inadequate in the absence of_ training. FEMA illustrates this point in GM 24 at 8.
Q: Thank you so much for providing me with your insight into the matter of disabilities. I want to take the: picture you have given us, in terms of the range, scope, and reality of being disabled and-apply that. picture against the provisions that the SPMC has for the " handicapped".
A: Okay.
Q: Are you familiar with IP 2.7 of SPMC provisions for assisting-the handicapped special needs residents in the EPZ?
A: Yes. I have read that section. I am also familiar with Appendix M which contains the "needs codes".
Q: Have you read attachment 3 of IP 2.7, the Special Population Protective Action message?
A: Yes.
Q: I would like to ask you a few questions regarding these particular provisions of the Plan.
A: Well, I'm not an emergency planner, I can only answer as to whether a particular item addresses issues related to special needs, in other words, to what extent the matters that we have been discussing are addressed in a particuler portion of the SPMC.
1
e Qi I understan' d that. Now, with respect to Ip 2.7, Ifwould like you to read the:first paragraph, section 1.0 entitled P.uI.pnEe and tell me','as one opining on special needs issues, what you notice in that paragraph.
A: Well,'the first thing'I notice is that this program makes
- , no mention of resident special_needs population other than those who are " medically home-bound individuals" and "the hearing impaired." As we have discussed in some detail, a truly representative picture of the special needs-population of a given community entails much more.
Q: As long as you've brought that up, let me show you something. This is a portion of statement J.10.d which concerns the_ reason why FEMA found the SpMC to be adequate in terms of its' ability to provide adequate notification, support and assistance to the " handicapped". 'It reads, at
- p. 61 "Special populations are defined . . . medically homebound individuals, [and] hearing impaired individuals .
. . . What do you think of the nature of that statement.
A: I think it is very limited and corresponds perfectly with the provisins in SpMC dealing with the disabled. As far as I can see, and I know I'm getting ahead of myself here, there are no provisions which really address the needs a disabled person might have other than the need for a special vehicle which is presumably to be dispatched in the L event of an evacuation.
Q: Let's talk about those vehicles. Can you take a look here at Appendix M? Specifically, I want you to look at the box containing "Needs Code". In your opinion, would the arrival of a particular vehicle at the address of an identified individual be an effective way of providing assistance?
~
.A: I have to step.back a bit to answer that. Certainly,.ifLan f
individual was immobile or on life support, paratransit might_be required for evacuation. No-one could dispute
, that. The problem doesn't rest with the assignment of a' vehicle for a particular person. The question to ask is "is this all the assistance being provided." Again, the fact that the plans for the disabled are so_ centered on
" transportation" is indicative of the narrowness of the planners vision.
As we've already discussed, evacuation of various individuals with various limitations is fact specific. To some extent you can generalize - for example - all people in wheelchairs will need some sort of special transportation assistance. However, even if those residents needing special. assistance had been all identified and even if their.particular circumstances had been considered from the perspective of their functional limitations, without the appropriate number of informed staff people' offering assistance, all the vehicular support in the world won't matter. The providers of the assistance, presuming such people are available, must know what they have to do. As I mentioned earlier, in some instances a person providing assistance would have to have specific training in addition to knowledge of the particular condition.
a .
Q:~:Can yo&_give meLsome examples of-casesfwhere those
'providing. assistance would need information as to the person they would be evacuating?
A: To really ensure that every evacuee with.a special need is-
'.given the assistance that he or she needs, specific information as'to.each such person's. disability and environmental support should be gathered, considered and' made available to the person (s) ultimately. responsible'for; providing the assistance.
Q: Are you suggesting that each special needs person have a
" case sheet" available to the person providing-assistance?'
A:- Call it what you will. It is a general. practice in my fi' eld. The jist of what I'm saying is that, if I'were a person providing assistance to a special needs resident'in an evacuation, I would be able to better address those j needs if I was informed as to their~ nature.. Likewise, if:I was a'special needs resident awaiting assistance to_be' evacuated,'T_ might require as a matter of medical necessity that such assistance was informed and, if the circumstances so-required,' trained. On that note, I want to reiterate,a point we touched on earlier - the quality of assistance rendered to special needs residents will be much better if the special needs community has participated in developing
! the methods for providing such assistance.
l l
i l -.
t
~?
I 1
l' To get back to your earlier question regarding the kinds of 1 1
special needs for-which.information other.than the "needs ?
l code"_provided.in. Appendix M should.be available, it .is my j 3
feeling that all members of the disabled community should be afforded informed assistance. To the extent that an.
individual would require informed or trained assistance other than an Appendix M vehicle, I see nn provision, i
especially if the individual needed help to shelter.
Q: In your opinion, does the "needs code" in Appendix M render
.to the reader enough information.
A: No, absolutely not. As I said already, it may be that some residents having singular and uncomplicated impairments l would.only need the special vehicle, as provided in Appendix M. Similarly, it may be that disabled residents living with others who are home at the time of the incident l
and who are themselves knowledgeable about.the disabled I individuals' specific needs would also be well provided for with the arrival of the particular "needs' code" vehicle.
However, if your goal is to ensure that all the special needs residents can get out safely during an evacuation and if your goal is to ensure that you can move the special needs residents as safely as possible, then you absolutely have to have more information as to the nature of the circumstances. On this note, if the goal is to ensure that t
all the special needs residents can safely shelter, then there has to be informed staff available to assist.
- Q
- You menlioned that some circumstances.would ' entail that-the-person 1providing assistance:have specific training. Could you comment further on that?
A: Againt it goes back to the quality of.the information.
You
, won't need a trained. team to help someone in a walker, who is cognizant and healthy, into a special vehicle. On the other hand, if an elderly resident is bedridden and needs to be poseyed and is living with an elderly person unable to do heavy lifting, you would really need two strong people who knew how to lift.and transport someone.
Ideally, you would have two strong people trained in patient transfer who were also informed that, for example, this particular resident uses oxygen support at night.
Again, the more informed, the better.
Q: We have been discussing the "needs code" vehicles described in Appendix M. These vehicles would be dispatched in the event of an evacuation. I would like to refer you now to IP 2.7, Attachment 3, the "Special Population Protective Action message".
A: Yes, I am familiar with that document.
Q: In light of the issues we have discussed with respect to special needs, could you comment on the content of that message?
A: Certainly. The first thing I notice is paragraph 2 which says "We would like to verify your transportation requirements . . . I would prefer to see a call go out which says, for example, "I would like to verify that so-and-so in your home is aphasiac, unable to walk very far and needs the following intervention for transportation and other support . . .
.o l
Q: What about the Sheltering Message?
A: It would be appropriate if you are asking someone to close doors _and windows, turn off fans, et cetera, who in fact is
, able to accomplish those things. In terms of assisting those with special needs, however, it is totally inappropriate if the individual can't, in fact, do those things. As far as I can see, there is no actual
" assistance" being offered. This, to me, is a glaring 1
ommission with respect to assisting those who cannot necessarily help themselves. It also violates the letter and spirit of several provisions in FEMA GM 24 which l l
specifically call for individualized assistance to be 1
available for disabled residents upon a direction to '
shelter. )
Q: Are you familiar with NUREG 0654 Section J7 i
A: I am familiar with it, yes.
Q: Section 19(d) of NUREG 0654 requires that the plan provide
"[m]eans for protecting those person whose mobility may be impaired due to such factors as institutional or other confinement. These means shall include notification, support and assistance in implementing protective measures where appropriate."
In your opinton, do those portions of the Plan which we have discussed provide " notification", " support and assistance" to the residents special needs. 1 A: It is unclear to me what " support" or " assistance" is provided other than the dispatch of a particular vehicle in the event of a protective action to evacuate. In light of my experience in working with people who are disabled, and L.. -
l :m .\
q 1
-in ligh~t of all.that has been set forth in this testimony, I in my opinion dispatching of the "needs code" vehicles and the "special message" do not.come close'to. addressing the
, -very real needs of.this often overlooked segment of the population. This population in the' community is already at risk'from a public safety standpoint, and their needs are highly varied, depending'on the interreaction of' environmental ~and intrinsic factors. The more you donit know, the' greater the safety risk you'are tolerating.
In' terms of notification, for those individuals for whom telephonic notification is inappropriate, there would' have tc1be an alternative method. If TDDs were being used, they would have to be available on both ends. If notification was going out to other disabled residents for whom a phone call would be inappropriate, the notifying party would have to know what the obstacle is in order to effectively overcome it.
Q: Are you familiar with FEMA Guidance Memorandum'247 A: Yes. I have already mentioned that document as one of which I am familiar. In many places it reflects my own opinions.
Q: For example?
A: For example, the Memorandum states that "the capabilities and limitations'of handicapped persons vary, including functional characteristics needed to cope with an
- o. ]
s.
i emergeney." Implicit in that statement is the notion that effectively assisting this population will entail knowledge of whet particular functional limitations and environmental
, constraints exist as well as a variety of means to deal with those limitations in the context of an emergency.
Nowhere is it implied that assisting the disabled should be waived upon a direction to shelter. i Q: Yes. I appreciate your concern over this ommission. In your opinion, does the Plan account for a variety of i functional limitations mentioned in GM 247 i A: No. I think I have made that pretty clear.
Q. Can you sum up your opinion regarding how disabled residents in the EPZ are provided for in this plan?
A. In my experience, effective and responsible intervention i for people with disabilities must include the following considerations which I do not find evident in the plan I have been asked to review. As a prerequisite, the !
providers of assistance would have identified the population needing the assistance and would have gathered the necessary data. This aspect is described in some detail in my testimony on JI 48.
- 1. individualized needs assessment which describes the functional manifestations and social and economic context '
of the disability; these factors can interact very differently for different individuals.
-s .
4
~
- 2. ' provisions for'the fact that the vast majority of individuals with disabilities like in non-institutional settings, even though the level of community support
, resourcces, including safety precautions and accessible housingLand transportation accommodations-is extremely limited.
- 3. professional service planners would want to gather information on each individual regarding the level of environmental and technological support available to an individual and regarding the degree to which this support compensates for the disability or to which personal.
assistance might be needed if such support were unexpectedly withdrawn.
- 4. an understanding, as experienced social workers have, that the population in question is a disadvantaged minority and does not necessarily fit a " middle class" stereotype of the nuclear family with a manageable standard of living and ,
a responsive social network, people with disabilities are twice as likely as other Americans to be poor, unemployed, isolated residentially, homeless, and to have dropped out of high school. In addition, social discrimination remains a primary barrier to their assimilation into mainstream community life. These fundamental demographic parameters l l
-d-9'
~
are extPemely relevant to anyone who has worked-in actual service' delivery to this population.
, 5. recognizing the extraordinary variation in the practical.needs of people with. disabilities;and the.
inconsistent' availability of key environmental, supports.for different individuals, professional service planners now consider. the development of an .individuallasd_pfsgraJq_ plan in conjunction with the disabled individual, which consolidates for each individual the range of information cited above, to be an indispensable tool of responsible.
intervention systems.
Q: Ms. Moriearty, thank you so much. Your discourse has given
~
me a much more informed understanding of what " assistance" truly means.
A: You are quite welcome. I hope my experience on this matter has been helpful.
I l
r l l- ( February 21, 1989
)
i APPENDIX Ms. Sharon Moriearty regarding JI 48 1
i In the Matter of PUBLIC SERVICE Co.
of New Hampshire Docket Nos. 50-443-OL 50-444-OL
)
l
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _]
F- - -. 1 l l i.
- . l
. . \ >~ I
. 1
[.
L
~
Contents Resume - Sharon Moreiarty United States Census Bureau Survey (1985)
7
+.
_-sn_#
RESUME Jharon P Morieart*/ !
10 Mount Auburn Street, #102 Carnbridge, M A 02138
'617) 547-7818 (H)
-;~ ;7-7440 (E) i f
EDUCATION !
A B , m : 1., Ecston Umversity,1973 .
I
' History and Economics)
Ed M., Harvard University,1974 (Education and Social Policy)
I EMPLOYMENT HISTORY 1353- present. Commonwealth of Massachusetts Governor's Office of Handicapped Affairs, Deputy Director Executive Office of Human Services, special assistant to the secretary Governor's Office of Human Resources, special assistant to the director i
!Q82- 1984 Lesley College, Graduate School of Management, Cambridge, MA, adjunct instructor 197o- 1983 Massachusetts Association for Retarded Citizens, !
Waltham, MA (statewide consumer advocacy organization), public policy representative h
1074-1475 University Of Illinois, Urbana, I!, research assistant, laboratory high school )
W 1066-147' various full-time, seasonal, and part-time (academic term) employment to finance higher education l
_ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - 1
i; 3
c; .
PARA OR ' EXTRA-CAREER ACTIVITIES AND INTERESTS -
= Community Service
-(most recently, trustee, Mass Assn for Retarded L
l- '
Citizens investment trust pro: ram, historically,.
Model Cities; childrens' programming in a Unitarian community., director, Maf f ' Tax Eeform Association, -
. member, Governor's advisory councils on medical' L assistance:and mental health / mental retardation Politica! Campaign Work ipolicy work, volunteer coordinator, local candidates:
for publicioffice)
Amateur Naturalist (seasonal bird counts; volunteer field: Instruction) l . SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE l
> government procedures
> public' finance
>public administration (health and social- welf are)
>significant independent written. work includes policy reports on Medicaid financing, mental-health, vo-
- cational rehabilitation, pubhc administration of '
independent living mandates, national disability issues, Massachusetts' disability spending pro-
.; rams, and forecasting adaptive housing needs
' Fersonal Information married, one child- age 14 l
__--L___-_. _ - - _ _ -
w __
Current Population Reports Household Economic Studies Series P 70, No. 8
~
' l Disability, Functional ;
Limitation'Ith and Hea Insuranc Coverage:e 4 1984/85 Data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation j
!ssued December 1986 1
i
[ k h 1 U.S. Department of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary Clarence J. Brown, Deputy Secretary Robert Ortner, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs BUREAU OF THE CENSUS John G. Keane Director J
. a. -
lil
. Contents -
Page Introduction . . . . .. . . . ... . .. . .... . . . 1 Limitations in specified functional activities . . . . . . .. . . 1 Functional limitation status by selected characteristics . . . ... ... ., , ,. ... 2 Work disabihty status . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. 5 Need for personal assistance . . . .. ..... .. . . . . .... , . 6 Disability status of children . .. ... ... . . . ... . , 9 Health insurance coverage status . ....... . . .. . . .. . . . . 9 TEXT TABLES'
' A. Limitations in specific functional activities . . . . . . . . . 2
- 8. Functional limitation status, by sex,' age, race, and Spanish origin . , . . 3 C. . Functional limitation status, by selected characteristics . . .. . 4 D. Work disability status, by age, sex, race, and Spanish origin . 5 E. Work disability status, by functional limitation status . . . .. .. ,,. . 6 F. Number of persons needing personal assistance with selected activities . 7 G. Percentage of persons needing personal assistance with selected activities, , . 8 H. Disability status of children .. .. . . . . ... .. 9
- 1. Health insurance coverage status: fourth quarter 1985. . .. ... .... . . 10 DETAILED TABLES
- 1. Functional limitation status, by sex, age, and selected chtsracteristics . . . , 11
- 2. Ability to perform specified activities, by age and functional limitation status . ... 23
- 3. _ Work disability status, by age and functional limitation status . . . .. . 26
- 4. Need for assistance, by sex and selected characteristics .. . . . . '28
- 5. ' Distribution of persons, by need for assistance status and selected characteristics . . . 30
. 6. Disability status of children, by selected characteristics ..... . ... 32
- 7. Distribution of children, by disability status . .. .,. . . . . . 33 84 Conditions mainly responsible for the need for personal assistance . . . . 34 ;
.9. Conditions mainly responsible for work disability ... . . . . 35 '
- 10. Health insurance coverage status: monthly average, first quarter of 1984 through founh quaner of 1985 . . .. . . . . . 36 APPENDIXES l
A. Overview of the SIPP Program. . . 39 Background. , 39 Survey content . .. . . 39 !
Sample design. . 40 l Survey operations , . . 40 B. Definitions and Explanations 41 C. . Source and reliability of estimates 43 Source of data . 43 Reliabihty of estimates , 43 D. Facsimiles of the 1984 SIPP Third Wave Questions on Disability Status 47
'l
APPENDIX TABLES
) : 01. Sample size, by month and interview status. . . . . . . . . . 44 C-2. Standard errors of estimated numbers of persons . . . , . . . . . . . 45
'0-3. Standard errors of estimated percentages of persons . . . . . . . . . 45 C Gener&lized variance parameters for SIPP estimates . . . . . . . , , . 46 Sym'bols Used'in Tables
- Reoresents zero or rounds to zero.
X Not applicable.
B Base is less than 200,000, i
I i
m_-___..___._______.u.___ _ _ _ _ _ . ._. _ _ _ _ _ ._ _ . _ _ _ _
\
( 1 Disability, Functional Limitation, and Health Insurance Coverage: 1984/85 INTRODUCTION LIMITATIONS IN SPECIFIED FUNCTIONAL-ACTIVITIES The third wave supplement to the 1984 panel of the Survey Table A shows the number and percentage of persons 15 of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) conducted dur- years of age and over who were limited in their ability to per-ing the May-August 1984 period, contained a set of questions form specific functional activities. The number who expenenc-on disability status. A major purpose of the questions was ed difficulty in seeing words and letters in ordinary newsprint to allow researchers and policy makers to learn more about leven when wearing glasses or contact lenses) was 12.8 the relationship between disability and program participation, million, or 7.1 percent of the total universe of 181 million per-but the data also have a more generalinterest in that they sons. The number with a severe limitation (not able to see show the extent of disablement among the noninstitutional words and letters at all) was 1.7 million, or 0.9 percent of the population and show how the characteristics of the disabled population. Persons 65 years of age and over were much more differ from those of the nondisabled. likely than younger persons to have difficulty seeing. Among The determination of disability status in a household survey the older group. 21.7 percent had difficulty and 4.5 percent is dependent upon the definition of disability that is used and were unable to see words and letters. The comparable figures on the question wording and other design features of the par- for persons 15 to 64 years of age were 4.6 and 0.3 percent, ticular survey. The disability questions that were asked in the respectively.
third wave of the 1984 SIPP are reproduced in appendix D. Approximately 7.7 million persons 15 years and over had The SIPP disability questions can be divided into four groups. difficulty hearing what was said in a normal conversation and The first group asked about the ability of persons 15 years 0.5 million were completely unable to hear such a conversa-and over to perform a set of sensory and physical activities tion. Among those with a hearing problem,4.0 million were including (1) seeing. (2) hearing, (3) speaking, (4) lifting or car- 65 and over. The rate of hearing impairment was 2.4 percent rying, (5) walking (6) using stairs, (7) getting around outside, among the younger group and 15.2 percent among the older (8) getting around inside, and (9) getting into and out of bed. group. (The rate among all persons 15 and over was 4.3 Except for the activity of speaking, persons with a difficulty percent.)
performing the activity were asked whether they could per- The number of persons with a problem having his or her form the activity at all. The second group of disability ques- speech understood was 2.5 million, or 1.4 percent of the tions were asked of persons 16 to 72 years of age and con- population 15 and over.
cerned the ability to work at a job or business. The third group Approximately 19.2 million persons had difficulty walking was addressed to r.3rsons 15 years old and over and asked a quarter of a mile, and 18.1 million had difficulty walking up whether the help of another person was required for the ac- a flight of stairs without resting. The number who were unable tivities of (1) doing light housework, (2) preparing meals, (3) to walk a quarter of a mile was 8.0 million and 5.2 million could taking care of personal needs (dressing, eating, and personal not walk up a flight of stairs on their own. Older persons were hygiene), and (4) getting around (outside the home, inside the more likely than younger persons to have difficulty with or home, or in and out of bed). The fourth group of questions be prevented from performing these activities. The propor-was addressed to children under 18 years of age and asked tion of persons 65 and over who were unable to walk a quarter if the child had (1) a long-lasting physical condition that limited of a mile was 18.5 percent, and 12.8 percent were unable to his or her ability to walk, run, or play, or (2) a long lasting men. Walk up a flight of stairs.
tal or emotional problem that hmited his or her ability to learn A relatively large number of persons had difficulty with the or do regular schoolwork. task of lifting or carrying something &; heavy as a full bag Most of the materialin this report concerns measures of of groceries. About 18.2 million persons had difficulty lifting disability status, but information is also presented on health or carrying, and 7.8 million were unable to perform the task.
insurance coverage status. Text table I shows information for The proportion of elderly persons unable to perform the task the fourth quarter of 1985, and detailed table 10 shows in- was 16.9 percent.
formation for eight quarters beginning with the first quarter The final three functional activities asked about were get-of 1984. ting around outside the house, getting around inside the house,
L -
q l[
-2 Table A. Limitations in Specific Functional Activites - and getting into and out of bed. Approximately 6 million per-sons had difficulty getting around outside the house and 3.6 (Persons 15 years and over. Numbers is thousands) million were unable to get around outside the house without Activity Total. the help of another person. Approximately 2.5 million persons d er years d r had difficulty getting around inside the house and 2.1 million had difficulty getting into and out of bed. The number of per.
Toten.................... ,180.987 154.565 26.422 sEttua sons who were unable to get around inside their home without the help of another person was 1.2 million, and about the same with a limitation:
Numbere............... ..... 12.802 7,061 5.742 number were unable to get into or out of bed without the help Percest..................... 7.1 4.0 21.7 of another person. Among the elderly. 9.5 percent needed the With a severe limitatiour Number.................. l.686 491 1.196 help of another person to get around outside the home, and Percest................. 0.9 0.3 .4.5 3.1 percent needed help to get around inside the home. The HEARINc Comparable rates for persons under 65 years of age were 0.7 With a limitation; percent and 0.3 percent, respectively.
Number...................... 7.694 3.677 4.017
"*'*'"I'!!J;ll'lillt!lllli with FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION STATUS BY SELECTED No.ber............. .... 48: 297 isa CHARACTERISTICS Percest................. 0.3 0.2 0.7 SPEECH -
Tables B and C show a summary measure of functional W1th a tieseatson, limitation status by selected characteristics. Persons were con-Number...................... 2.510 1.586 923 sidered to have a functional limitation if they had difficulty Percent.......... ..... .... 1.4 1.0 3.5 - performing one or more of the specific activities discussed uritNc OR CARRYtNc above. They were considered to have a severe functional with a 11mitation limitation if they were unable to perform one or more of the Number...................... 18,20e 9.296 8.922 Percent..................... 10.1 6.0 33.s activities or if they needed the help of another person in order With a severe limitatlost to perform one or more of the activities.
Number.................. 7.843 3.383 4.460 Pe rces t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 22 16.9 There were 37.3 million persons 15 years of age or older with a functional limitation and 13.5 million persons in this wA1.x t Nc age group had a severe limitation.
With a limitatiost Of those with a limitation,21.8 million were under 65 years Number...................... 19.207 9.272 9.935 of age and 15.5 million were 65 and over. Of *he 13.5 million Percent..................... 10.6 6.0 37.6 With a severe limitatloss with a severe limitation,6.0 million were under 65 and 7.5 Number................. 7.959 3.072 4.847 million were 65 and over. Females made up 59 percent of the Percest................. 4.4 2.0 18.5 population 65 years and over, and the difference between the mNo nAIRS sexes in age distribution contributed to the fact that females N m er .II ......... .. is.063 8.833 9.230 we m es 2 han a Whal Mah.
Pe r c en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 10.0 5.7 34.9 The proportion of females with a functional limitation was
"$",3,((""
- II,((,', 3,,,, ,,,,, 3,37, 23.3 percent, and 9.4 percent had a severe limitation; the com-Pe rcen t . ............... 2.9 1.2 12.8 parable rates for males were 17.7 percent and 5.4 percent.
ctTTINo AROUND OUTStot Females 65 years of age and over made up 8.6 percent of the W1th a 1tattatlos: population in general, but they made up 26.0 percent of those Number...................... 5,998 2.038 3,960 with a functionallimitation and 38.4 percent of those with Percent..................... 3.3 1.3 15.0 With a severe liettations a severe limitation. 3 Number.................. 3,601 1.091 2.510 The rate of limitation among Blacks was higher than the Percent................. 2.0 0.7 9.5 g g gg gg ccTTINc ARouNo tustot among Blacks,20.2 percent among Whites, and 19.2 percent j with a limitatios: among persons of Spanish origin (the latter two rates were Number...................... 2.528 867 1,661 Perno..................... 1.4 0.6 6.3 not statistically differenth Among the elderly, 75.0 percent -
with a severe limitation' Number.................. i.229 4:3 s.
of Blacks had a limitation, compared with 58.6 percent of Perces:................. 0.7 0.3 3. Hispanics and 56.9 percent of Whites (the White and Hispanic ctTTINc INTO Ano out OP sto rates were not statistically differenth ,
with a 11eltation: The data in table C show the relationship between func. I Number..................... 2.057 735 t.322 tionallimitation status by detailed age categories and other Percent.................... 1,g 05 5.0 with a severe limitatiou selected characteristics. The functional limitation rate increas-Number..... .... ....... 1,20s 509 699 Percent........... ..... 0.7 0.3 2.6 ed with age, from 5.2 percent for persons 15 to 24 years, to
'The terms " Hispanic" and "Spanish origin" are used interchangeably, i
_ _ - - - - - - - - - - , , , - - - - - - - - . - , - - - - - _ _ - - - . - - - - . - ~ _ . - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3
- Table 8. Functior al Umitation Status, by Sex, Age, 34.2 percent for persons 55 to 64 years of age,45.4 percent Race, and Spanish Origin for those 65 to 69,55.3 percent for those 70 to 74 and 72.5 (Parsons 15 years and over. Numbers la thousands) percent for those 75 years of age and over. The rate of severe su and age All spastsh limitation also increased sharply with age. doubling between races' White slack orisint the 65 to-69 category and the category 75 years and over soTH stxts -
(from 18.8 percent to 41.2 percent). Persons 75 years of age Total, 15 and over.... 180.987 156.009 20.018 9.394 and over made up 5.6 percent of the total population 15 years With a limitations of age and older,19.7 percent of those with a functionallimita-Pe1ce ..........
..... i6 i 54 {
tion, and 30.8 percent of those with a severe functional tiith a severe limitatics: limitation.
Pe$c . l . .' .' ." I .* .' . .' . . 2 5 9 Persons living alone were more likely than married persons to have a functionallimitation. Among those living alone. 37.9 With imi ti n percent had a limitation and 16.7 percent had a severe limita-Number.................... 21,839 17.951 3.340 1.407 tion. The comparable rates for married persons were 20.0 per.
W UhINN'7i5i'l'N": r t cent and 6.4 percent. Of the 13.5 million persons with a severe number................. 5.998 4,844 1.003 466 functional limitation,3.5 million, or 26 percent, lived alone.
Percest................ 3.9 3.7 5.6 5.4 Persons receiving program benefits were much more likely Total. 65 and over...... 26,422 23,921 2.181 684 than the general population to have a functional limitation.
W!th a limitatiost .
Among those receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Number.................... 15.465 13.617 1.635 401 percest................... 58.5 56.9 75.0 58.6 Children ( AFDC) or general assistance, about 46 percent had With a severe limitatloss Neber................. 7.539 6,550 905 244 a functionallimitation and 23 percent had a limitation that Percent................ 26.5 27.4 41.5 35.7 was severe. Approximately the same proportions were record-vu ed for those covered by Medicaid. Supplemental Security in-Tot al , 15 asd ove . . . . 46.336 74.832 9,042 4.522 come (SSI) is the low income assistance program for the elder-with a limitation: ly and disabled, and 77 percent of the recipients had a func-Number.................... 15.260 13.129 1.841 666 pe r c e s t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 i7.5 20.4 14.7 tional limitation and 48 percent had a severe limitation. Per-
.EE.. I 4.662 3.988 608 240 sons receiving food stamps and those living in public or sub-Percent............. .. 5.4 5.3 6.7 5.3 sidized housing had similar levels of limitation: 37 percent had a functionallimitation and 17 percent had a severe limitation, total. 15 to 64 years... 75.551 65.075 8.183 4.210 with a ilmitation: There was an inverse relationship between the level of weder.................... 9.487 8,056 1.248 534 eercest................... 12 6 12.4 15.3 12.7 household income and functional limitation status. Among with a . vere limitatios: persons with monthly household incomes below $600,40 Pe c . .... . . . 3.
3 percent had a functionallimitation and 18 percent had a severe hmitation; the comparable figures for those in households with withD a a("""
somber....................
5.773 5.073 593 131 monthly incomes of $3,000 and over were 11 percent and 3 percent, respectively. Among the general population 15 and a' C*r755iS'c[*j wI over,27 percent lived in households with incomes less than waher................. 2.347 2.066 258 63 $1,200 a month. Among those with a severe functionallimita-Percest................ 21.8 21.2 30.0 20 2 tion, 55 percent lived in such households.
nua Approximately 10 percent of the labor force under age 65 had a functionallimitation, but only 1.5 percent had a severe total. 15 and over.... 94,651 81.176 10.976 4 R72 Wth a limitatiou limitation. Among persons 15 to 64 years of age,74 percent
'"22.'2l."22.'.". were in the labor force. The labor force participation rate was re$c i i ifi 535 4th a severe it.icatiou 53 percent among those with a functionallimitation and 29 re$ec22.'.'.*22.".*... 4 9 s 6 percent among those with a severe limitation.
Persons with a functional limitation were less likely than
'* " ' ' " '" the general population to be covered by private health in, 6th t!..I #* ,
e senr................... 12.352 9.895 2.092 873 surance. The general rate of private health insurance coverage aiC'EiS$'7tNs:
r t for persons 15 to 64 years of age was approximately 79 per.
%=her................. 3,e92 2.922 652 299 cent; the coverage rate was 66 percent among those with !
Pe r c e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.4 6.s 6.4 a functional limitation ar d 57 percent mor g those with'a l Totat. 45 asd aver...... 15.637 14.is5 1,32 372 severe limitation. Among the 7.5 millic :Ia ns 65 years of ch a INtation Waher. .................. 9.692 8,544 1.042 270 age and over with a severe functionallimitation,4.6 million t
! '"*" ' " " " ' " ....... o 62.0 60.3 78.9 72.6 had privete health insurance coverage and 2.9 million did not.
Oth a severe 11eltatiou
%*ber. ............... 5.192 4.484 647 18.1 As was the case for income, there was an inverse relation-
- '*rceat. .. .. . 33.2 n.7 49.n 48.7 ship between years of schooling and functional limitation leere*** af spasish origin may be or any rece. status. Among those persons under 65 ysars of age. the pro-
C 4 1 Table C. Functional LimitatioPi Status. by Selected Characteristics (Persons 15 yeare and over. Numbers la thousands)
With a ruactional lleitation ,
Characteristic ,
Tot al Severe Total Number Percent Number Percent a
total........................................ 180.987 37,304- 20.6 13.537 7.5 t.CE l$ to 24 years.................................... 39.291 2.054 5.2 34 6 0.9 2 5 t o 3 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.464 3.049 7.5 596 15 35 to 44 years.................................... 30.480 4.074 13.4 890 2.9 45 to 54 yeare.................................... 22.264 5.110 23.0 1.431 6.4 5 5 t o 6 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.060 7,552 34 2 2.734 12.4 65 years and over................................. 26.422 15,465 58.5 7 .5 39 28.5 65 to 69 years................................. 8.928 4.052 45.4 1.682 18.8 70 to 74 years................. ............... 7.378 4.078 55.3 1.691 22.9 7 5 ye a r s a nd ove r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.116 7.335 72.5 4.166 41.2 PAMll.Y REl.ATIONSHIP Mar ri ed s pouse pre sent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.836 20.614 20.0 6.612 6.4 ot he r f ae l l y mem be r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.403 7.545 15.3 2.988 6.0 No t a f as t l y me m be r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.749 9.145 31.8 3,937 13.7 Lives a1ose.................................... 21.113 8.000 37.9 3.520 16.7 PROGRAM PARTICIPATION Received =
Cash assistance other than 551................................. 10,037 4.594 45.8 2.342 23.3 551............................................. 3,473 2.683 77.3 1.674 44.2 Food stamps..................................... 10.867 3.994 36.8 1.776 16.3 Medicaid coverage............................... 10.610 4.788 45.1 2.527 23 8 Public or subsidised housing.................... 5,932 2.243 37.8 1.019 17.2 VA paymente..................................... 3.460 1.979 57.2 974 26 2 Soc i al Se c ur i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.832 18.543 $6.5 9.051 27.6 Medicare coverage............................... 27.948 16.932 60.6 8.549 30.6 MONTH 1,Y HOUSEHOLD INCOME Under $600. ...................................... 20.690 8.262 39.9 3.746 18.1 I.
5600 to $1.199.................................... 32.1 13.4 '
27.866 8.944 3.731 St.200 to $1.999.................. ............... 38.648 8.211 21 2 2.826 7.3
$ 2 .00 0 t o 5 2 . 9 9 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.999 6.249 15.2 1.804 4.4 !
$1,000 and over................................... 52.784 5.639 10.7 1.430 2.7 j LA80R FORCE STATUS Pe r s o ns 15 t o 6 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
la the labor force..... ........................ 114.745 11.624 10 1 1.750 1.5 Not l a t he l a bo r f o r c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.820 10.215 25.7 4.247 10.7 PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERACE Pe r so n s 15 t o 6 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Covered......................................... 121.337 14.430 11.9 3.435 28 Not covered..................................... 33,228 7.409 22.3 2.563 7.7 Perseas 65 years and over.........................
Covered......................................... 19.221 10.401 54.1 4.607 24.0 Not covered..................................... 7.202 5.064 70.3 2.932 40.7 EDUCAT!ONAL ATTAINMENT
. Pe r s o n s 15 t o 64 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not a hig h school gr ad uat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.614 9.764 23.5 3.332 8.0 Hi g h s c hool g r ad ua t e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.951 12.075 10.7 2.666 2.4 Parsons 65 years and over.........................
Not a hig h sc hool g r ad uat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,389 9.871 68.6 5.271 36.6 High school graduate............................ 12.034 5.594 46.5 2.268 18.8 l.
m m ._
,.d: .
4 2
5' Table D. Work Disability Status, by Age, Sex, Race, and Spanish Origin (Persons 14 to 72 years. Numbers in thoussMel blth a work disability 4ge, sex, race and Speelsh origia Total Prevented free working Total Nueber Percent Nesber Percent l'
(ER50Ns 16 TO 64 YEARS OF ace Bo t h a s s e s . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.968 18,248 12.1 j- White............... n ............................ 129,085 8.006 5.3' 15.106 11.7 6 .240 ' 4.8 81ack.... n o n ...... o . n o .. o ......... n . " .. n 17.373 2.746 -15.8 1.596 - 9.2 Spaalsh origla s ....... o................... n ..... 8.419 908 10.8 578 '6. 9 Males..........u...n.....n...n...n....... 73.686 0.631 11 7 White.............. .......... n .. u n ...
3.269 4.4 o...... 63.522 7.291 .I1.5 2.567 . 4.0 Black....n n u.u n n o n o m.u n.o n n o n o n 7.941 1.195 15.0 Spanish origin8 u n n.o n n o n n u..o n u n o n 655 8.2 4.020 397 M 213 53 resales............................... n ...... 77.282 9.616 12.4 4.738 6.1 White............................................. 65.563 7.815 11.9 3.673 5.6 51 a c k . . n . . . n . " . . . . n . . . . . . . n . . . . . . . o n n o n . 9.432 1.551 16.4 941 10.0 spealsh orig 1st.......... n ............... o . n ... 4.399 511 !!.6 365 8.3 Pens 0NS 65 TO 72 YEARS OF Act Sothsenes...o............................. 13.421 5.266 37.8 3.954 28.4 Wite..............u... ' n .u....n....o..... 12,122 4.546 .37.5 3.350 27.6
'Blacko n.n n o n n o." o n.n.n.n..n..n.n. 1.102 638 57.9 540 49.0 S peal s h o r i g l8 a . . . n o . . n . . . . . . n . . . . . . . . . . . . n . . 348 148 42.5 127 36.5 Males.................... u ................... 5.962 2.431 40.8 1.708 28.6 wh1te...n.........o............................. 5.415 2.146 39.6 1.486 27.4 Black..............o.m...n..... n.n n..n o.. 448 259 57.8 201 44.9' spesteh orig 1a,b.............. o ...~................ 201 92 45.8 72 ' 35.8 Fee 41es....................................... 7.459 2.836 38.0 2.246 30.1 White................... n ........... n ........... 6.707 2.399 35.8 !.864 27.8 stack..... o.......................... o .......... 653 379 58.0 34 0 32.1 Spaalsh origink ................................... 147 55 ( s) 55 (B)
' Persons of Spanish origia eay be of any race.
B Base less than 200.000.
portion with a severe functionallimitation was 8 percent for from working. Females were more likely to be prevented from those who were not high school graduates and 2 percent for working than males. Of the 8 million persons under 65 years those who were graduates. Among those 65 and over,37 per. who were prevented from working, 3.3 million were males and cent of nongraduates and 19 percent of graduates had a 4.7 million were females.
severe limitation. The relevance of a work disability concept decreases for persons in age groups that have low labor force participation WORK DISA81UTY STATUS rates, but there is general interest in the labor force characteristics of older persons. Among the 13.4 million per.
Among the 151 million persons 16 to 64 years of age,18.2 sons 65 to 72 years of age,5.3 million had a work disability million, or 12.1 percent had a work disability I a condition that and 4.0 million wera prevented from working.
limited tho kind or amount of work they could do). Approx- Table E shows a cross classification of work disability status imately 8 million (5.3 percent) were prevented from working by functionallimitation status. Persons may have a condition try their disability. Blacks had higher work disability rates than that limits the kind or amount of work they can do but the Whites or Hispanics. The work disability rate was 15.8 per- condition may not cause a limitation in the specific functional cent among Blacks and 9.2 percent were prevented from activities that were asker (bout in the third wave supplement.
- 0' king. for Whites, the comparable rates were 11.7 pescent Likewise, persons with a :anctionallimitation may or may not ano 4 8 percent, respectively. Among Hispanics,10.8 percent consider themselves to have a work disability depending upon had a work disability (a proportion not statistically different such factors as training and education, work history, job re-than the figure for Whites), and 6.9 percent were prevented quirements, and employer accommodations. The relationship
,m 3- -. -
,4 >
_. a _ w . .. __ ,
s .-
6-
~
Table E. Wofk Disability' Status, by Funct!ona'l Limitation Status
. (Persons 14 to 4 veart. Numbere in thou4anJs)
With a work disability
'Charreteristic Total Frevented free working Total Number Percent Numbe r Percest ALL t.As0R F01CE STATU5ES bot h sexe s,16 t o 64 ye are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.970 18.247 12.1 8.006 53 With a f unctional limitation: '
severe.......................................... 5.987 5.022 83.9 1.626 ,60.6 Not severe...................................... 13.668 6.818 43.5 2.875 18.3 No functional limitation.......................... 129.313 6.405 5.0 1.506 1.2
. Ma l e s,16 t o 6 4 ye a r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.687 8.631 11.7 3.268 4.4 Uith a functional limitation ssvere.......................................... 2.316 2.048 88.1 1.478 63.8 Not severe...................................... 7.082 3,089 43.6 1.137 16 1 No functional 11eltation.......................... 64.288 3.501 5.4 654 1.0 Fema l e s,16 t o 6 4 ye a r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.283 9.616 12.4 4.738 6.1 With a functional liettatiost ssvere.......................................... 3.671 2.981 81.2 2.148 58.5 Not severe...................................... 8.586 3.729 43.4 1.738 20 2 No functional 11eitatios.......................... 65.025 2.904 4.5 852 1.3 trITH A Jos OR sUSINEss noc h se xe s,16 t o 64 ye are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.612 7.161 6.8 (X) '(X)
With a functional liettation:
5evere.......................................... 1.533 971 63.3 (I) (X)
Not severe...................................... 8.858 2.676 30 2 (X) (X)
No functional 11eltation.......................... 95.221 3.511 3.7 (X) (X)
Hales,16 to 64 yeare.......................... 59.660 4.233 7.1 (X) (X)
With a functional limitatiost
$svare............... ......................... 666 446 67.0 (X) (X)
.Not severe............ ........................ 4.970 1.555 31.3 (X) (X)
No fusctional 35mitatios.......................... 54.025 2.231 41 (X) (X)
' F2eales,16 to 64 years........................ 45.952 2.928 6.4 (X) (X)
With a functional limitations i ssvsre.......................................... 867 525 60.6 (X) (X)
Not severe...................................... 3.888 1.121 28.8 (X) (X)
No futetiosal limitation.......................... 41,199 1.280 3.1 (X) - (I)
X Not applicable.
betwun work disability status and functional limitation status NEED FOR PERSONAL ASSISTANCE for thi 151 million persons 16 to 64 years of age is summariz-ed b: low: Approximately 7.7 million persons needed the assistance of another person for activities such as getting around inside With a severe functional limitation: or outside the home, doing housework or preparing meals, and I With a work disability . .. . 5.0 million taking care of personal needs. Of those persons who needed No work disability ..
f
. . . .1.0 million help,21 percent were 65 to 74 years of age, and 37 percent j
' With a nonsevere functional limitation: were 75 and over. There were 4.8 million females and 2.9 :
With a werk disability . . 6.8 million million males who required help. The number of persons No work disability .8.9 million needing personal assistance to get around inside or outside No functional limitation: the home was 3.7 million; in addition, 6.0 million persons l_
With a work disability . . . 6.4 million needed help with housework,4.3 million needed help with ,
'- No work disability . .122.9 million meal preparation, and 2.5 million needed help with personal care activities.
Of the 105.6 million persons 16 to 64 years of age with a Of the 7.7 million persons who needed personal assistance, l job or business, about 7 million had a work disability. Approx- 3.5 million lived with a spouse,1.7 million lived alone. and 2.5 imately the same number had no work disability but did have million had other living arrangements. Persons needing help a functional limitation. tended to have lower household incomes than the general
+
7 Table F. Number of Persons Needing Personal Assistance With Selected Activities (Persons 15 vears aid overe Numberg ;n thousaids)
Needs personal assistance crith-Characteristic one or
~
more Getting Most Personal Tot al activities around Houseworlt preparat ion care-Tot.al.......................... 180.987. f.706 3,743 5.965 4.302'. 2,509 AGE Under 65 years..................... 154.565 3.256 1.174 2.392 6 5 t o 7 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.306 1.644 .l.050 l.611 811 1.299 861 432 75 years and over.......n ......... 10.116 2.839 1,758 2,273 1.796 1,027 SEX BY 4GE atales............................ 86.336 2.872 1.182 2.187 1.848 1,036 und e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '75.551 1.435 108 985 798 547 65 to 74 years o n n n . n n o n .. n ' 7.073 567 241 413 409 196 7 5 ye a r s a nd o ve r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.712 870 427 729 '640 295 Feesles........ ................. 94.651 4,834 2.560 3.778 2.454 und e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.473 79.014 1.820 666 1.407 846 503 -
6 5 t o 7 4 ye ar s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.233- 1.045 563 827 452 238 7 5 yea r s and ove r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.404 1.969- 1.331 1.544 1.156 733 RACE AND SPANISH ORIGIN 8Y AGE wh1te............................ 156.009 6.427 3.097 4.913 3.503 2.062 unde r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.087 2.595 873 1.850 1.230 812 65 to 74 years..................... 14.698 1.325 652 1.057 701 360 75 years and over.................. 9.223 2.507 1,571 2.006 1.572 . 890 81ack.......................... n 20.018 1.138 576 927 109 398 unde r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.838. .583 268 47A 366 212 6 5 t o 7 4 ye a rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l.382 258 142 218 143 64
. 7 5 ye a r s a nd ove r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 296 167 231 200 122 s pa n i s k o r i g i a ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.394 395 191 265 215 134 tsd e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.710 252 98 169 129 98 e to 14 years..................... 430 58 33 43 30 9
?$ years and over.................. 255 85 60 52 56 26 LIVlMG AAAANGEMENT u .e e e 1 o s e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.113 1.702 901 1.319 664 382 Li ves wi t h s pouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.836 3.497 1.580 2.786 1.947 1.162 Spouse onl e. . . .................. 37.642 2.165 1.009 1.784 1.24 . 705 spouse and others................ 65.194 1.332 512 1.002 70 3 457 ot he r ar r esseee nt s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.039 2.507 1.261 1.860 966
, te l at ed t o house holde r. . . . . . . . . . . 1.691 49.403 2.180 1.072- 1,613 1.468 847 mo t related...................... 7.636 327 190 248 222 119 sioimqLY NOUSEHOLD INCOME t% d e r $ 6 00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.690 1.884 976 1.426 881 516 W M to 11.199..... ............... 27.866 2.135 1.128 I.771 1.286 687 ll.2cn to 11.999................... 38.648 1.677 742 1.342 944 530 12.%0 t o $ 2. 9 9 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.999 1.036 410 722 622 38 0
$ 1 %0 a nd ov e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,784 974 487 705 570 .396 FL'"CTIONAL LIMITAT!ON STATVs e,t
. it.itan .................. 37. m 7. m 3. m 5. m 4.oa s..ere........................... >>.537 6.055 3. m 4.m 2.4a Hn
.c ....r........................ 2,.767 1. m w m
- 1,.it.ne....
.................. i43.683 479 m in m 2, ,1,8 l
Persosa of Spaalsh origia may be of any race.
t met se,licable.
L population 15 years of age and over. Among the general severe, and 0.5 million had no functionallimitation. The last
[ .Dooutstson. 27 percent hved in households with a monthly in- figure may reflect the fact that the functional assessment sec-l
( *" N S t200. Arnong those needing assistance. 52 per- tion did not ask about activities directly related to mental or Md in such households- emotional disabilities, k
, S' D*' sons needing assistance also had a severe func- Table G shows the percentage of persons in various popula- l et on Of those needing assistance. 6.1 million had tion subgroups that needed the help of another person.
ation ]
t2 milhon had a limitation that was not Among all persons 15 and over. 4.3 percent needed help with l
i i
- l. .
- r, l
l 18 * '
Tcble'G. Percentage of Persons Needing Personal Assistance With Selected Activities
. (Persona 15 years and over)
Ch1racteristics One or more cetting Meal Personal actlvities around Housewo rk. preparatlos care Total......................C................. 4.3 21 - 3.3 2.4 1.4 ace I, o
Under 65 yeara.................................... 2.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.7 l 6 5 t o 7 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 5.0 8.0 5.3 2.6 l- 75 years and over............................... . 28.1 17.4 22.5 17.8 10.2 l.
SEX 8Y Act
. Males......... ................................. 3.3 1.4- 2.5 2.1 1.2 Un d e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.7 1.3 11 0.7 !'
6 5 t o 7 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 ' 3.5 6.7 5.8 2.7 75 years and over................................. 23.4 11.5 l') .6 17.2 7.9 Females......................................... 5.1 2.7 4.0 2.6 1.6 Dad e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.6 65 to 74 years.................................... !! 3 6.1 9.0 4.9 2.6 15 years and over................................. 30.7 20.8 24.1 18 1 11 4 RACE AND $ PAN!$H OR!cIN SY Act Uh1te........................................... 4.1 2.0 3.1 2.2 1.3 tlade r 6 5 ye ar s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 0.7 ' l.4 0.9 0.6 65to74 years.................................... 9.0 4.4 7.2 4.8 2.4
- 7 5 ye a r s a nd o ve r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 17.0 21.7 17.0 9.6 slack........................................... 5.7 2.9 4.6 3.5 20
. Und e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 15 2.7 2.1 12 65 to /4 years.................................... 18.7 10.3 15.8 10.3- 4.6 7 5 ye a r s a nd o ve r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 20 9 28.9 25.0 15 3 Spanish origin 8 ................................. 4.2 2.0 2.8 2.3 1.4 und e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.1 65 to 74 years.................................... 63.5 7.7 10.0 7.0 21 7 5 ye a r s a nd ove r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 23.5 20.4 22.0 10.2 LivtNG AltRANCEMENT Lives alone... ................................... 8.1 4.3 6.2 3.1 1.8 Lives with spouse................................. 3.4 1.5 2.7 1.9 11 Spouse only..................................... 5.8 2.7 4.7 3.3 1.9 Spouse and others............................... 2.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.7 other arrangements................................ 4.4 22 3.3 3.0 1.7 Related to householder.......................... 4.4 2.2 3.3 3.0 1.7 Not related.................................... 4.3 2.5 3.2 2.9 1.6 MONTHLY HOUSEMOLD INCOME Usder 5600........................................ 9.1 4.7 6.9 4.3 2.5 8600 to $1.199.................................... 7.7 4.0 6.4 4.6 2.5
$1.200 to $1.999.................................. 4.3 1.9 3.5 2.4 14
$2.000 to $2.999.................................. 2.5 10 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.8 S3.000 and over...................................
FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION STATUS With a limitation................................. 19.4 10.0 15.5 11 0 62 Severe.......................................... 44.7 27.7 35.8 25.8 15.6 Not severe...................................... 4.9 (X) 3.9 2.5 0.9 un tieltat1os..................................... 0.3 (X) 0.1 0.1 01
' Pet sosa of Spanish origia may be of say race.
1 Not applicable. l ons or more activities. 2.1 percent needed help with getpng for persons 65 to 74 and 28.1 percent for persons 75 and around inside or outside the home. 3.3 percent needed help over. Females were more likely than males to require help; 5.1 with housework,2.4 percent needed help with meal prepara- percent versus 3.3 percent. Black persons were more likely tion. and 1.4 percent needed help with personal care activities, to require help than White or Hispanic persons. The propor-Among those under 65 years of age. the proportion needing tions needing assistance with one or more activities were 5.7 assistance was 2.1 percent. The proportion was 9.9 percent percent for Blacks,4.1 percent for Whites, and 4.2 percent
e l.
9 for Hispanics (the latter two ffg'ures were not statistically Disabled children were more likely to live in households with different). very low incomes (less than $600 a month) than nondisabl.
Persons who lived alone were more likely to need help (8.1 ed children. About 19 percent of disabled children and 13 per.
percent) than those who lived with a spouse (3.4 percent) cent of nondisabled children lived in such households. Disabi.
I f or had other arrangements (4,4 percent). Among those per. ed children were also more likely than nondisabled children sons in households with monthly incomes below $600, 9.1 to live in a family with a female householder, no spouse pre-percent needed assistance; the figure was 1.8 percent for per. sent (32 versus 22 percent) and to be covered by Medicaid sons in households with incomes of $3,000 or more. (22 percent versus 13 percent).
Approximately 45 percent of all persons with a severe func.
. tionallimitation needed the help of another person; 36 per. HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE STATUS cent needed help with housework,28 percent needed help with getting around, about the same proportion needed help As of the fourth quarter of 1985. 204.2 million persons, with meal preparation, and 16 percent needed help with per. or 87 percent of the population, were covered by private or sonal care activities. government health insurance; 31.3 million were not covered.
(See table 1.) Whites were more likely to be covered than DISABILITY STATUS OF CHILDREN Blacks, and Blacks were more likely to be covered than per.
sons of Spanish origin. The rates of coverage among the three Children (persons under 18 years) were identified as disabl. groups were 88 percent, 81 percent, and 73 percent, ed if they had either (a) a long-lasting condition that limited respectively.
their ab.'ity to walk. run, or play. or, (b) a long lasting mentel The proportion of persons covered by private health in-or emotional problem that limited their ability to learn or to surance was 77 percent. Young people. Blacks, and Hispanics do regular school work. Table H shows that of 62.4 million were less likely than the general population to be covered by children,1.9 million (3.1 percent) had a physical, mental, or private health insurance. The rate of private coverage was 71 emotional disability. Of all disabled children,1.6 million were percent for persons under 25 years of age and only about 55 White,0.3 million were Black, and 0.1 million were Hispanic. percent for Blacks or Hispanics.
Table H. DisabNty Status of Children (Children under 18 years. Numbers in thousands)
With a physical, mental or Percent esottosal disab!!!ty distribution characterfatic With a With no Total Number Pe rcent limitation !!sitation Total......................................... 62.445 1.916 3.1 100.0 100.0 SEX Male.............................................. 31.898 1.075 3.4 56.1 50.9 resale........... ............................. .. 30.547 842 2.8 43.9 49.1 RACE AND SPANISH OR!c!N White............................................. 50.765 1.560 31 81.4 81.3 81sch............................................. 9.496 319 3.4 16.6 15.2 Spesish origini................................... 4.943 101 2.0 5.3 8.0 MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME Under $600........................................ 8.069 366 4.5 19.1 12.7
$ 60 0 t o $ 1.19 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.177 336 3.7 17.5 14.6
$1.200 to $1.999.................................. 13,628 329 2.4 17.2 22 0
$2.000 to 82.999.................................. 15.035 460 3.1 24.0 24.1
$1.000 asd over................................... 16.537 426 2.6 22 2 26.6 LIV!NC AAAANCEMENT is marriedacouple family.......................... 47,225 L.237 2.6 64.6 76.0 la f aally with female householder. so husband present.......................................... 13.755 618 4.5 32.3 21.7 NEALTH INSUllANCE C0VERACE Covered by private heal t h insurance. . . . . . . . ... . . . 44.110 1,277 2.9 66.6 70.8 Covered by Medicaid............................... 8,004 426 5.3 22.2 12.5 8
Perseas of Spanlah origin may be of any race. J l
l l
.i___.._______..___.________________._______ __.____ _ _ _____
~' "' w2 _ __ _ _ _ _ 4 I
10 (32 percent). The proportion of persons covered by Ab!ut 63 percent of the population was covered by employment-related health insurance was 65 percent among gmpiryment related health insurance (insurance obtained Whites,46 by percent among Blacks, and 49 percent among th3 p;rson or a relative through a current or past employer). Hispanics, i
The coverage rate for this type of insurance was relatively low ~
for persons 16 to 24 (55 percent) and for persons 65 and over o
Tcble 1. Health Insurance Coverage Status: Fourth Quarter 1985 Not covered by ,
Percent covered by health insurance health insurance Characteristic Related to Number (thous.) Percent Total Privat e employmenga Tot al (thous.)
13 3 62.5 31.285 86.7 76.5 235,520 Total..................
15.5 62.2 8.616 AGE 70.8 21 6 55,612 84.5 55 0 7.389 70.7 16.4 Lass than 16 years..... ........... 78.6 70.5 6.786 34.596 77.5 10.9 16 to 24 years...................., 41.363 83.6 89.1 83.4 76.0 3.514 10.1 2 5 t o 34 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,133 73.8 2.273 89.9 84.2 2,553 11.5 3 5 t o 4 4 ye a r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.459 81.3 66.1 0.6 ;
4 5 t o 54 ye a r a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.5 31.9 154 ,
22.135 75.3 55 to 64 yeare.....................
99.4 27.222 65 years and over.................. ;
12.4 64.9 24.840 19.3 l
RACE AND SPANISH ORIc!N 79.6 1,501 87.6 46.2 27.0 200.083 55.7 White............................., 60.7 49.3 3.822 28.496 55.2 Bisck...........................,.. 14.175 73 0 Spralsh oristm8..................,,
f, afersons 3 current or past of Spanish origin say be of any race. employment of self or relative.
I i
1 a
{
l l
l l
9
_- _ _ _ _ _ - ~ ~ - - - - - - _ _ , ,
- - - - - - - ' " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' ' - ~ ~ ' - ' ~ ~ ' - - ' - " - ' - - - - - ~ - - ~ - ~ - ' - - - ' ' - - - '
f m % _ ___ _
l:
Table 1. Functional Limitation Status, by Sex, Age, and Selected Characteristics
- (Persone 15 years aisd over. Numbers la thousands. For meantsg of symbola, see test)
. Number of persons Distribution of persons Percent with a With a- functional With a Characteristic' functional limitation functional No func=
limitation limitation tional
' list.-
Total
~
Tota. Severe ' Total Severe Total Total Seve re tation BOTH SEXES. 15 YEARS AND OVER
, , T0ta1.............................. 160,987 37.304 13.537 20.6 7.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
)
l A4e 15 to 24 years.......................... 39.297 2.054 34 6 5. 2 . 0.9 -21.7 5.5 2.6 25.9 2 5 t o 34 y e a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,464 1.049- 596 7.5 1.5 22.4 82 4.4 26.0 3 5 t o 44 y ea rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.480 4.074 890 13.4 2.9 16.8 6.6 10.9 18.4 '
45 to 5e years............. ............ 22.264 5,110 1.431 23.0 6.4 12.3 13.7 10.6 11.9 55 to 64 years.......................... 22.060 7.552 2.734 . 34. 2 ~ 12.4 12.2 20.2 20.2 10.1 65 years and over....................... 26.422 15.465 7,539 58.5 28.5 14.6 41.5 55.7 7.6 6 5 t o 6 9 y ea r a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.928 4.052- 'l.682 45.4 18.8 4.9 10.9 12.4 3.4 70 to.74 years........................ 7.378 6.078 1.691 55.3 22.9 41 10.9 12.5 2.3 75 years and over..... ............... 10,116 7.335 4.166 72.5 41 2 5.6 19.7 30.8 - 1. 9 Race and Spanish origin white................................... 156.009 31.568 !!,394 20 2 7.3 86.2 84 .6 ' 84.2 86.6 81ack................................... 20.018 4.975 1,907 24.9 9.5 11.1 13.3 14.1 10.5 Spanish origin 5......................... 9.394 1.808 710 19.2 7.6 52 4.8 5.2 5. 3 -
F,ducational Attainment Not a high school graduat e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,002 19.635 8.603 35.1 15.4 30.9 32.6 63.6 25.3 High school graduate.................... 124.985 17.669 4.934 14.1 3.9 69.1 47.4 36.4 74.7 j Labor Force Activity Status In the labor force...................... Il7.915 12.716 2.048 10.8 1.7 65.2 34 .1 15.1 73.2 Not in t he labo r f or ce . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . 63.072 24.588 !!.489 39.0 18.2 34.8 65.9 84.9 26.8 Faulty Ratationship Married, spouse present................. 102.836 20.614 6,612 20.0 6.4 56 .8 55.3 48.8 57'.2 Other fasily member..................... 49.402 7.545. 2.988 15.3 6.0 27.3 70.2 22.1 29.1 No t a f a mi l y me mbe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.749 9.145 3.937 31.8 13.7 15.9 24.5 29.1 13.6 Lives alone................ .......... 21.113 6,000 3.520 37.9 16.7 11.7 21.4 26.0 9.1 Private Health Insurance Coverage Covered................ ................ 140.558 24,830 8.042 17.7 5.7 77.7 66.6 59.4 80.5 Not covered........ .................... 40.629 12.474 5,495 30.9 13.6 22.3 33.4 40.6 19.5 Program Parttelpation Received -
Cash ase tetance other than $51.. ...... 10.037 4.594 2.342 45.3 23.3 5.5 12.3 17.3 3.8 551................................... 3.473 2,683 1.674 71.3 48.2 1.9 7.2 12.4 0.5 .
Food stampo........................... 10.867 3.994 1.776 36.8 16 3 6.0 10.7 13.1 4.8 l l Medicaid coverage..................... 10,610 4.788 2.527 45.1 23.8 5.9 12.8 18.7 4.1
--Pubite or subsidised housing.......... 5.932 2.24 3 1,019 37.8 17.2 3.3 6.0 7.5 2.6 to payments........................... 3.460 1.979 974 57.2 28.2 1.9 53 7.2 1.0 Soc t a l Sec u ri t y 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.832 18.54 3 9,051 56.5 27.6 18.1 49.7 66.9 9.9 Medicare coverage..................... 27.948 16.932 8.549 60.6 30.6 15.4 45.4 63.2 7.7 Monthly Household Income
!!nd e r $ 600. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,690 8.262 3.746 39.9 18.1 11.4 22.1 27.7 8.6 5800 2 to 51.L99.......................... 27.866 8.944 3.731 32.1 13.4 15.4 24.0 27.6 13.2
- 51. 200 t o 81. 99 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.648 8.211 2.826 21.2 7.3 21.4 22.0 20.9 21 2 5 2 .000 t o $ 2 . 9 9 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.999 6,249 1.804 15.2 4.4 22.7 16.8 13.3 24.2 S3.000 and over......................... 52.784 5,639 1.430 10.7 2.7 29.2 15.1 . 10.6 32.8
%eber of Doctor Visita in Past 12 Months Mone....................................
1 to 56.676 6.266 1.518 11.1 2.7 31.3 16.8 11.2 35 1 3.... ... ......................... 75,579 11,536 3.108 15 3 4.1 41.8 30.9 23.0 44.6
- to 7..................................
25.883 8.650 3.306 33.4 12.8 14.3 23.2 24.4 12.0 6 to 11................................. 7.323 2.728 1.275 37.3 17.4 4.0 7.3 9.4 3.2 il ts 19................................ 2,508 9.6 34 4.912 51.0 26.0 5.3 13.2 18.5 1.3 20 or more.............................. 54.5 30.9 3.3 8.6 13.5 1. 9 -
5.893 3.213 1.822 M factnotes at end of table.
__ - __ ~ _ - --- )
I.
L12 .
, . Table 1. Functionti Limitttion Status by Sex Agef and Selected Characteristics- Continued - , ,
(Petoona 15 ' years and over. Numbers la thousanda. Por meaning of eyubole, see teat)
Number of persons - Distribution of persons I .. Percent with a i .
With a functional with a J Characteristic functional limitation functional 1o funca l
liettation lisitation tional list-Total Total Severe Total . Severe Total Total. Severe tation
-80TH SEXES. 15 YEARS AND OVEE-Con.
l[ Number of Noepital Visite L .in Past 12 Monthe None.....#............................... 159.197 28.192 8.879 17.8 5.6 84 .0 76.1 65.6 91.1 .
l....................................... -16.782 5.722 2.700 34.1 - 16.1 9.3 15.3 19.9 7.7 2 or more............................... 5.008 '3.190 1.958 63.7 39 1 - 2.8 8.6 14.5 1.3
~'!-
Number of Days in Hospital in Past 12 Months None.................................... 159.197 28.392 8.879 17.8 5.6 88.0 16.1 65.6 91.0 i to 3.................................. 1.858 1.918 . 697 24.4 8.9 4.3 5.1 5.1 4.l 4 to 7.................................. 6.522 2.241 34 . 4 , 16.0 8 to 20.................................
1.043 3.6 ' 6.0 7.7 3.0 4.812 2.852 1.601 59.3 33.3 2.7 7.6. Lt.8 1.4 21 or more.............................. 2.597 1.901 1.314 73.2 50.6 1.4 5.1 9.7 0.5 Number of Disability Days
, in Past.32 *tonthe None.................................... 137.960 23.905 7.233 17.3 -5.2 76.2 64.1 53.4 79.4 '
1 to 3.................................. 24,266 4.184 1.168 17.2 4.8 L3.4 11.2 8.6 14.0 i
4 to 9.................................. 9.637 3.207 1.112 33.3 13.6 5.3 8.6 9.7 a.5 to to 29................................ 1.128 56.5 28.6 5 .5 38 L.583 3.1 8.4 11.7 l?
30 to 59................................ 1.298 897 590 69.1 45.5 ' O.7 2.4 4.4 60 or more.............................. 0.3 2,288 1.983 1.652 86.7 .72.2 1.3 5.3 .12.2 0.2 80TH SEXES. 15 TO 64 YEARS Tots 1................................. 154.565 21.839 5.998 14.1 3.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
. Race and Spanish Origin White... ............................... 132.087 17.951 4 .84 . 13.6 3.7 85.5 82.2 80.8 86.0 81ack................................... 17.838 3.340 1.003 18.7 5.6 84.5 15.3 I6.7 10.9 Spanish ortg1nn......................... 8,710 1.407 466 16.2 5.4 5.6 6.4 7.8 5.5 Educational Attainment Not a hi gh sc hon 1 g raduat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,614 9.764 3.332 23.5 8.0 26.9 44.7 55.6 24.0 High school graduate.................... 112.958 12.075 2.666 10.7 2.4 73.1 55.3 44.4 76.0 Labor Force Activity status In the labor force...................... 114.745 !!.624 1.750 10.1 1.5 74.2 53.2 29.2 77.7 i
Not i n t he la bor f orce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.820 10.215 4.247 25.7 10.7 25.8 46.8 70.8 22.3 Fasily Relationship Married, spouse present................. 88.929 13.524 3.591 15.2 4.0 57.5 61.9 59.9 56.a Ot he r f ast i r sesbe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.848 4.9/ 1,409 10.9 3.1 29.7 22.8 23.5 30.8 Not a family mem*>er..................... 19.787 3.348 997 16.8 5.0 -12.8 15.2 16.6 L2.4 Li ve s a l one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.668 2.509 787 19.8 6.2 8.2 II.5 13.1 7.7 Private Health Insurance Coverage covered................................. 121.337 14,430 3.435 11.9 2.8 78.5 66.1 57.3 80.5 Not covered............................. 33.228 7.409 2.563 22.3 7. 7 21.5 33.9 42.7 19.5 Program Participation Received a Cash assistance other than SSI... .... 7.795 2.734 1.106 35 1 14.2 5.0 12.5 18.4 3.8
$$1................................... 1.682 1.174 647 69.8 38.5 1.1 5.4 10.8 0.4 Pood stamps........................... 9.501 2.820 L,047 29.7 11.0 61 L2.9 17.5 5.0 Medicaid coverage..................... 8,379 2.911 1.233 34.7 L4.7 5.4 13.3 20.6 41 Public or subsidised housing.......... 4.441 1.139 417 25.6 9.4 2.9 5.2 7.0 25 VA payments........................... 2.032 940 397 46.3 19.5 1.1 4.3 6.6 0.8 Social Security ...................... 8.042 3,959 1.996 49.2 24.8 5.2 18.1 13.3 3.1
!L Medicare coverage..................... 2,163 1.830 1.182 84.6 54.6 1.4 8.4 19.7 0.3 Monthly Household Income Under $600.............................. 15.l24 4.099 1.445 27.1 9.6 9.8 18.8 24 .1 8.3
$600 to 51.199.......................... 19,969 4.141 1.376 20.7 6.9 12.9 19.0 22.9 ll.9 51.200 to $1.999........................ 32.148 4.768 1.291 14.8 4.0 20.8 21.8 21.5 20.8) 52,000 to $2.999........................ 37.686 4,618 1.108 12.3 2.9 24.4 21.l 18.5 24.9
$3.000 and over......................... 43.638 4.213 777 8.5 1.6 32.1 19.3 13.0 34 . 2 See f ootnotes at end of table.
.I
- - -,. .g 13
' Tcbie 1. Function:1 Limit: tion Stitus, by' Sex,' Age, cnd Selected Chir:ct:ristics- Crntinuid -
(Persons 15 years and over. Numbers le thousands. For messing of symbols, see test)
Number of persons Distribution of persons Percent with a
. With a f unctional With a
- Characteristic functional . limitation functional No func ;
limi t ation ' timitation tional-list.
Total Total Seve re Total Severe Total Total Severe tation
'80TH SEXES. 15 TO 64 YEARS--Con.
Number of Doctor Visits.
in Past 12 Months aNone.................................... 51.801 4,251 714 8.2 4.4 31.5 19.5 '11 9 35;8 1 to 3.................................. 66.332 7,024 - 1.387 10.6 2.1 42.9 32.2 23 1 44.7 4 to 7.................................. 19.394 4.329 1.237 22.3 6.4 12.5 19.8 20.6 !!.4 8 to 11................................. 5.547 1.362 491 25.6 8.9 - 3.6 6.2 8.2 3.2 12 to 19................................ 6.900 2.713 1.087 39.3 15.8 4.5 12.4 18.1 3.2 20 or more.............................. 4.591 2,160 1,082 47.0 23.6 3.0 9.9 18.0 1.8 Number of Hospital Visits in Past 12 Months None.................................... 138.266 17.098 4.007 12.4 2.9 89.5 78 3 66.8 91.3 L....................................... l2.992 3.039 1.077 23.4 8.3 8.4 13.9 18.0 . 7. 5
< 2 or more................. ............. 3.307 1.702 914 51.5 27.6 2.1 7.8 15.2 1.2 Number of Days in Hospital in past 12 months Nore................................... 138.266 17.098 4.007 12.4 ' 2. 9 89.5 78.3 66.8 91.3 I to 3.................................. 6.763 1.205 344 17.8 5.1 4.4 5.5' 5.7 4.2 4 to 7.................................. 5,051 1,214 445 24.0 8.8 3.3 5.6 - 7.4 2.9 8 to 20.....................,........... 2.917 1.336 662 45.8 24.3 1.9 .6.1 10.4 12 21 or more.............................. l.568 .986 580 62.9 37.0 1.0 4.5 9.7 0.4 Number of Disability Days in Past 12 Months Mone.................................... 117.594 13.170 2.738 11.2 2.3 76.1 60.3 45.6 78.7-I to 3.................................. 22.586 3.139 662 13.9 2.9 14.6 14.4 11.0 14.7 4 to 9.................................. 8.105 2.055 668 25.4 8.2 5.2 9.4 !!.! 4.6 10 to 29................................ 4.077 Jt.908 820 46.8 20.1 2.6 8.7 13.7 1.6 30 to 59................................ 964 594 379 61.6 39.3 0.6 2.7 6.3 0.3 60 or more.............................. 1.238 973 729 78.6 58.9 0.8 4.5 12.2 0.2 SJfH SEKES. 65 TEARS AND OVER total............................... 26.422 15.465 7.539 58.5 28.5 100.0 100.'O 100.0 100.0 Race and Spanish Origin White....................... ........... 23,921 13.617 6.550 56.9 27.4 90.5 88.1 86.9 94.0 8 tact.... .............................. 2.181 1.635 905 15.0 41.5 8.3 10.6 12.0 50 s pan i s h o r i g i 6n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 401 244 58.6 3$.7 2.6 2.6 3.2 2.6 Educational Attainment Not a high school graduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.389 9.871 5.271 68.6 36.6 54.5 63.8 69.9 41.2 Righ school g r adua t e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.034 5.594 2.268 46.5 18.8 45.5 36.2 30.1 58.8 Labor Force Activity Status in the labor force...................... 3.170 ').092 298 34.4 9.4 12.0 7.1 4.0 19.0 Not in the labor force.................. 23.252 14.373 7.242 61.8 31.1 88.0 92.9 96.1 81.0 Family Relationship 4
Mar ried , s pouse pre sent . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.907 7.086 3.021 51.0 21.7 52.6 45.8 40.1 62.3 Ot he r f amily membe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l 3.554 2.572 1.578 72.4 44.4 13.5 16.6 20.9 9.1 No t a f a s t l y as sbe r . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.961 5,817 2.940 64.9 32.8 33.9 37.6 39.0 28.7 Lives a1one........................... 8.445 5.492 2.733 65.0 32.4 32.0 35.5 36.3 27.0 Private Health Insurance Coverage Covered................................. 19.221 10.401 4.607 54 1 24.0 72.7 67.3 61.1 80.5 ho t c o ve r e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.202 5.064 2.932 70.3 40.7 27.3 32.7 38.9 19.5
' Progree Participation
. Received -
Cash assistance other than SS1............................. 2.242 1,860 1.236 83.0 55.1 8.5 12.0 16.4 3.5
$51.................................. 1,791 1.509 1.027 84.3 57.3 6.8 9.8 13.6 2.6 Food staeps. ..... ................... 1.166 l.174 729 85.9 53.4 5.2 7.6 9.7 1.8 l
'le J L c a i d cove r a g e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,231 1.877 1.294 84.1 58.0 8.4 12.1 17 2 32 j Public or subsidized housing.......... 1.492 1.104 60 3 74.0 40.e 5.6 7.1 8.0 3.5 l V4 payments.......................... 1,428 1.040 578 72.8 40.5 5.4 6.7 7.7 3.6 Social Security2 ...................... 24.190 14,584 7,055 58.8 28.5 93.8 94.3 93.6 93.1 !
Medicare toverage..................... 25.785 15.102 7.367 58.6 28.6 97.6 97.7 97.7 97.5 5*e footnotes at end of table.
l
Mep.
m.@d,.,e,n,_
I '&
l I (
h 1 14 j Table 1. Functional Lirnitation Status, by Sex, Age, and Select:d Ch;rict;ristics- C:ntinu:d l (Persons 15 years and over. Numbers in thousands, ror mess!ng of symbols, see text) 01stribution of persons Number of persons With a functional With a lim 4tation funct(ooat No func-functional tional Char ac t e ris tic liettation 11sttation 11mt-Total Total Severe Total Total Severe ration Total Severe SOTH 4 EXES, 65 YEARS AND OVER--con. l Montnly Household Income '.6 41.3 21.1 26.9 10 . 5 12.8
.... 5.566 4,163 .,130 29.2 Under Sy0........................ 2,355 60.8 29.8 29.9 31.1 31.2 7.896 4.802 i 5600 to $1.199....... ....... .. . ..... 3.443 t,535 53.0 23.6 24.6 22 3 20.4 27 .9 51.200 to $1.999......... .............. 6.500 10.5 9.2 L5.4 i
1.631 696 49.2 21.0 12.5 52,000 to $2.999.. .............. ...... 3.313 11.9 9.2 4.7 15.7 3.44 7 1.426 653 45.3 20.7
$3.000 and over.........................
Number of Doctor Visits in Past 12 Months 16.5 18.5 13 0 10.7 26.1 4.875 2.014 805 41.3 None.............. ........ ............ 68.8 16.6 35.0 29.2 22.6 63.2 9.247 4.512 4.721 19.8 I to 3.... ..... .. ....... . . ...... 66.6 31 9 24.6 27.9 27.4 6.489 4.321 2.069 10.4 3.8 4 to 7............. .............. ....
784 76.9 64.1 6.7 6.8
................. 1.776 1.366 19.9 6.9 8 to ll....... .... 1,422 A0.4 52.0 10.3 14.2 2.734 2.199 6.9 9.8 2.3 L2 to t9............ ................... 739 80.6 56.8 4.9 l.332 1.052 20 or more....... . ....................
Number of Hospital Visits in Past 12 Months 23.3 79.2 13.0 64.6 96.0 20,931 11.296 4.872 54 .0 None.. .. . ... ... ............ .... 42.8 16.3 17.3 21.5 10.1 3.7 90 2.683 1,622 70.8 L. ..... ............ ................. 61.1 6.4 9.6 13.6 1.9 l.702 1.489 1,044 87.5 2 or more.... ..... . .......... .....
Number of Days in HospLtal in Past 12 Months 23.3 79.2 73.0 64.6 98.0 20.931 ll,296 4.972 54.0 None...... . .. ..... .................. 32.3 4.1 4.6 4.7 3.5 l.093 713 353 65.2 t to 3........... .... ................ 40.6 5.6 6.6 8.0 4.1 l.471 1.028 600 69.9
. to 7.. .... ... ... ..... .......... St.1 7.2 9.8 13.0 3.5 l.896 1,516 980 60.0 8 to 20.... ....... ....... ............ 71.3 3.9 5.9 9.7 L.0 1,029 915 734 88.9 21 or more....... .... . .. ............
Number of Disability Days in Past 12 Months 22.1 77.1 69.4 59.6 67.9 20,366 10,136 4.494 32.7 5.8 None... ... ...... .......... ... . ... 505 62.2 30.1 6.4 6.8 6.7 1,680 1,045 9.5 3.5 1 t o 3. . . ............ ..... .
644 75.2 42.0 5.8 7.4 4 to 9.... . ... .......... . ......... l.532 1.152 52.2 5.5 7.9 10.1 2.2 1,461 1.220 763 83.5 10 to 29 . .. ....... ... .. .......... 62.9 1.1 2.0 2.8 0.3 334 F)2 210 90.4
}) ta 59. . . .... .. .. .. . .
1.010 922 96.2 87.8 a.) 6.5 12.2 0..
60 or more.. ..... ........ . .... ... 1.050 KA LE , 15 YEARS AND OVER 5.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
... 96.336 15,260 4,662 17.7 fot:1., .... ....... .....
Ad e 0.7 22.7 6.2 3.0 26.2 19.589 946 i42 4.8 15 to 24 years.... ..... . ...........
6.7 1.0 23.1 8.7 4.2 26.2 25 to 36 years... ............. ..... 19,978 t,332 496 6.0 18.6 281 11.7 19 17.3 11.4 14,931 L.744 L1.3 12.0 35 to 4. years... .. .......... ........ 528 20.6 4,9 12.5 14.5 45 to $4 years..................... .... 10.761 2.212 21.3 25.0 9.9 (0,298 3,253 1.167 31.6 11.3 11.9 ;
55 to 64 years.......................... 21.8 12 5 37.8 50.3 7.1 10.785 5.773 2,347 53.5 65 years and over....................... 4.6 11.5 13.5 3.1 3,978 1.751 630 44.0 15.8 '
65 to 69 years........................ 50.1 17.5 3.6 10.2 11.6 22 1.551 541 !
70 to 74 years. ...................... 3.095 66.6 31.7 4.3 16.2 25.2 f.7 3.712 2,471 1,175 75 years and over.....................
Race and Spanien Origin 5.3 86.7 96.0 85.5 86.8 74,832 13.129 3.968 17.5 10.1 White.. .. ... .. ..... .. .........,
20.4 6.7 10.5 12.1 13.0 9,042 1.841 608 5.6 Black.. .... ... .. ...... . . .. ... 5.3 5.2 4.4 5.1 4.522 666 240 14.7 Spantsh origin 8.. ...... . ...... .....
Educational Attatnment 30 .5 52.6 63.9 25.8 8.031 2.977 30 .5 11.1 Sot s high school graduate. . ... ..... 26.339 2.8 69.5 47.6 36.2 74.2 7.230 1.686 L2.1 High school graduate... ....... .. ... 59.996 Labor Force Activity Status 17.t 44.7 19.9 64.0 6.824 927 10.3 1.4 In tne labor force. ... .. ... ..... .. 66.545 22.9 55.3 60.L 16.0 5,437 3,735 42.6 18.9 ho t in t he labor f orce . . . . . . .......... 19.791 See footnotes at end of table.
V',,
15.
,. Table 1. Functional Lirnitation Status, by Sex, Age, and Selected Characteristics- Continued
- l. - (Persons 15 years and over. Numbers la thousands. Por seanist of eyebols, see test) t;.
- Number of persons Distribution of persoss l:
i Percent with a With a. functional With a Charact er!s t ic funettonal liett ation ' functional No func.
'lleitatlos limitation : tional list.
Total Total Severe Total- Severe Total Tot al Severe tation.
MALE, 15 YEARS AND OVER= [Cos.
Family Relationsh1P
.e
! Ma r t led , s pou se pre sent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.418 10,456 3.120 20.3 6.1 59.6 68.5 66.9 57.6 1: Ot he r f ael l y membe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.028 2.241 673 10.2 3.1 25.5 14.7 I4.4 27.8
- l. No t a f ami l y membe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.890 2.564 870 19.9 6.7 14.9 16.8 18.7 14.5 Lives alone........................... 9.339 1.949 665 23.4 - 8.0 9.7 . 3 2.8 ' 14.3 9.0 Private Health Insurasce covered................................. 67.387 10,212 2.691 15.2 4.0 78.1 .66.9 57.7 80.4 Not covered............................. 18.949 5.048 1.972 26.6 10.4 '33.1 21.9 '42.3 19.6 Program Participation Received =
_ Cash easletance other than $51........ 3.239 1.476 698 45.6 21.5 3.8 9.7 15.0 i 2.5
$51................................... 1.103 798 439 72.3 39.8 1.3 52 9.4 0.4-Food at6mps........................... 1,663 1.184 498 32.3 13.6 :
4.2 7.8 10.7 3.5 Medleald coserage..................... 3.076 1.371 654 44.6' 21.3 3.6 9.0 - 14.0 2.4 -
. Public or subsidtted housisg.......... 1,906 520 229 27.3 12.0 2.2 3.4 4.9 2.0 VA payments........................... 2.604 1.431' 690 55.0 26.5 3.0 9.4 14.8 1.7 Social Security....................... 13,605 7.347- 3.216 54.0 23.6 15.8 48 1; 69.0 8.8 Medicare covera 8e..................... 11.739 6.665 .2.937 56.8 25.0 13.6 43.7 63.0 7.1 Moschly Household Income Under $600.............................. 7.637 ' 2.401 892 31.4 11.7 8.8 15.7 19.1 7.4
$600 to $1.199.......................... 11.894 3.484 'I,407 29.3' 11.8 13.8 22.8 ' 30.2 11.8 51.200 to $1.999........................ 18.633 3.703 1.084 19.9 .5.8 21.6 24.3 23.3 21.0
$2.000 to $2.999........................ 20.546 2.972 - 733 14.5 ' 3.6 23.8 19.5 13.8 24.7 83,000 and over......................... 27.626 2,701 544 9.8 2.0 '32.0 17.7 11.7 35.1 Number of Doctor visits la Past 12 m sthe None.................................... 33.545 3.302 617 9.8 ~ 1.8 38.9 21.6 13.2 42.6 1to3.................................. 34.970 4.746 1.033 13.6 3.0 40.5 31.1 22.2 42.5 4to7.................................. 10.113 3.321 1,061 32.8 10.5 11.7 21.8 22.8 9.6 8 to 11................................. 2.530 1.042 450 41.2 17.8 2.9 6.8 9.7 21 12 to 19................................ 3.108 1.670 873 53.7 28.8 3.6 10.9 18.7 2.0 20 or more.............................. 2.069 1.179 628 57.0 30.4 2.4 7.7 13.5 1.3 Number of Hospital Visita is Past 12 maths Nose.................................... 78.271 II.729 2.925 15.0 3.7 90.7 76.9 62.7 93.6 1....................................... 5,9 39 2.182 965 36.7 16.2 6.9 14.3 20.7 5.3 2 or more............................... 2.126 1.350 .772 63.5 36.3 2.5 8.8 16.6 1.1 Number of Days in Hospital is Last 12 Mosths None.................................... 78.271 11.729 2.925 15.0 L7 90.7 76.9 62.7 93.6 1 to 3.................................. 2.481 676 238 27.2 9.6 2.9 4.4 5.1 2.5 4 to 7.................................. 2.270 857 322 37.8 14.2 2.6 5.6 6.9 2.0 8 to 20................................. 2.054 1.152 621 56 1 30.2 2.4 7.5 13.3 1.3 21 or more.............................. 1.260 847 556 67.2 44 1 1.5 5.6 11.9 0.6 Number of Disability Days is Past 12 Monthe None.................................... 68.864 10.317 2.509 15.0 3.6 79.8 67.6 53.8 82.4 1 to 3.................................. 10.605 1.477 312 13.9 2.9 12.3 9.7 6.7 12.8 4 to 9.................................. 3.527 1.318 516 37.4 14.6 4.1 8.6 11.1 3.1 10to29................................ 1.916 996 463 52.0 24.2 2.2 6.5 9.9 1.3 30 to 59................................ 515 338 217 65.6 42.1 0.6 2.2 4.1 0.2 60 or more..............................
i 909 814 644 89.5 70.8 11 5.3 13.8 0.1 '
See footnotes at esd of table.
I 3
y t '16 LToble 1. Functionel Limit; tion St;tus, by Sex, Ag;, and S:locted Chrr;ct:rittics- Crntinued (Persons 15 years and over. Numbers la thousands. For seastag of symbols, see text)
Distribution of persons
- Number of persons Percent with a functional With a-With a functional No fusc=
functiossi limitation tional-Characteristic lleitation limitation list.
l_
Total Severe Total total Severe tation Total Total Severe
. MALE 15 70 64 YEARS DLo 100 0 3.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 75,551 9,487 2,315 12.6 Tonal...............................
Race and $pesish origia 3.0 86 1 84.9 83.1 86.3 65,075 8.056 1.923 12.4 10.5 4.3 10.8 13.2 15.2 White................................... 8,183 1.248 351 15.3 7.6 5.6 -
81ack................................... 177 12.7 4.2 5.6 56 8 4,210 534 Spanish.orists .........................
Educational Attafssent 57.6 24.4 20.9 6.5 27.0 44.9 20,388 4,258 1.334 42.4 15 6 Not a high school gr aduat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981 9.5 1.8 73 0 55.1 55.162 5.229 High school graduate....................
n I. abor Force Activity $ratue 88.5 9.6 1.2 85.6 65.5 33.1 64.672 6,213 781 34.5 66.3 11.5 la the labor force...................... 30.1 14.0 14.4 10.879 3.274 1.535 Not is the labor force..................
Faully Relationship 56.0 3.5 57.4 67.2 64.8 6.377 1.500 14.7 29.6 Mar r ied , s pouse pre.est . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.384 2.0 28.2 18.5 18.6 1.753 431 8.2 14.4 j Othe r f eall y membe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.283 3.5 14.4 14.3 16.6 1.357 384 12 5 8.6 '
Not a family member..................... 10.884 13.6 4.0 8.7 9.4 11.4 6.572 895 264 Lives a1one........................... I Private Health Insursace 66.6 54.3 80 4 6,315 10.6 2.1 78.7 59,434 1.258 33.4 45.7 19.6 c9vered................................. 3,172 1.057 19.7 6.6 21.3 16.117 i l Not covered.............................
Program ferticipatios !
3.3 9.2 14.4 2.4 Received - 872 333 35.2 13 4 0.3
$51........ 2.477 30.9 0.8 4.2 8.2 Cash assistssee other then 612 396 189 64.7 13 9 3.7 26 3 9.8 4.3 9.1
$$1................................... 861 322 15.4 2.4 3.279 35.8 14.4 3.3 9.4 Food stamps........................... 888 357 5.7 t.9 2.480 8.3 2.1 3. 2 '
Medicaid coverage..................... 1.575 305 131 19.4 8.2 15 0 1.3 4
Public or subsidised housing.......... 780 348 46.8 20.9 22 2.5 l.668 28 5 4.6 19.7 43 0 VA payment ...........................
1.867 995 53.4 t8.1 0.3 3.497 51.9 1.7 10.9 Soc i al Se c ur i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.032 651 82.3 Medic a re cover age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.254 Mosthly Household lacome 21 0 7.4 23.4 7.6 8.4 15.7 6,384 1,494 487 24.2 10.7 18.0 6.5 11.5 16 4 lisder 5600..............................
8.651 1.553 561 20.5 22.5 21.7 20.3 i
$600 to $1.199.......................... 2,135 502 13.8 32 20 0 25.2
,j 15.516 11 8 24 25.0 23.5 r
$1.200 to 51.999........................ 18.904 2,225 463 34.5 21 9 13 0 36.4 8 2 ,000 t o $ 2 .9 9 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 302 8.0 12 l 26.097 2.080
$3.000 and over........................
Humber of Doctor visits 13 Past 12 Monthe 4143 24.3 12.8 43.8 297 7.4 1.0 42.5 31,225 2.310 41.3 33 1 23.5 ,
None................................... .
. 31.231 3,139 545 10.1 1.7 6.7 10 0 18.5 22.0 8.8 1 to 3................................. . 1.759 509 23.2 5.3 7.6 2.0 1.577 27.9 9.7 2.4 4 to 7................................. . 1.816 507 176 10.4 18.4 1.8 426 45.4 19.6 2.9 8 to 11................................ . 2,172 986 8.3 15.7 1.1 51.4 23.7 2.0 12 to 19............................... 1.530 786 363 20 or more..............................
See footsotes at end of table.
1 i.
l l
Ls- t i.
k+ ' ,
l " 17-Tchle1. Function:1 Limit: tion Str.tus, by S:x, Age, cnd S:lected Characteristics- Continued (Perenas IS years and over. Numbers la thousaads. For meaning of symbols. ese text)'
Numbet of Persons Distribution of persons
, Percent with a -
With a functional ' W!th a Characteristic ' functional . 11mitation functional- No func=
limitation limitation tional lista
. Total Tot al Severe Tot al Severe Tot al Total' 5evere tation MALE.15, TO 64 YEARS-= Con.
Number of Hospital Visits In Past 12 Mosths
$one.................................... 69.815 7.601 1.523 10.9 2.2 92.4 80.1 65.8 94.2 1.................... .................. 4.402 1.189 440 27.0 10.0 5.8 12.5 19.0 4.9 2 or more............................... 1 .334 696 352 52.2 26.4 !.8 7.3 15.2 1.0 Number of' Days In Hospital in Last 12 Months -
None.................................... 69.815 7.601 1.52) 10.9 2.2 92 4 80.1 65.8 94.2 1 to 3.................................. 2,078 453 '155 21.8 7.5 2.8 4.8 6.7 2.5 4 to 7.................................. 1,653 442 127 26.7 7. 7 ' 2.2 4.7 5.5 1.8 8 to 20................................. 1.239 562 277 45.4 '22.4 1.6 5.9 .12 0 1.0 -
21 or more...... ...................... 766 428 - 234 55.9 30.5 1.0 4.5 10 1 05 Number of Disability Days .
In Past 12 Months None.................................... 60.187 -6.144 1.083 10 2 1.8 79.7 64.8 46.8 81.8
= 1 to 3........... ...................... 10.052 1.167 203 !!.6 2.0 13.3 12.3 8.8 13.4" 4 to 9.................................. 2,932 860 274 29.3 9.3 39 9.1 11.8 ' 3.1 10 to 29................................ 1.484 671 314 45 2 21.2 2.0 7.1 13.6 12 30 to 59................................ 401 242 164 60 3- 40.9 0.5 2.6 71 02 60 or more.............................. 495 403 278 81.4 '56.2 0.7 42 12.0 0.1 Malis. 65 YEAR 5 AND OVER .
Total............................... 10.785 5.773 2.347 53.5 21.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Race and Spas!sh origis White................................... '9.757 5.073 2.066 52.0 21 2 90.5 87.9 88.0 93.5 slack................................... 859 593 258 69.0 30.0 8.0 10.3 11.0 5.3 Spanish origts'......................... 312 131 63 42.0 20.2 2.9 2.3 2.7 3.6 Educational Attatsment Not 4,hlgh school graduate.............. 5,951 3.773 'l.643 63.4 27.6 55.2 65.4 70.0 43.5 High school graduate.................... 4.834 2.000 704 41 4 14.6 44.8 34.6. 30.0 56.5 Labor Force Activity status is the 1sbor force...................... 1,873 611 146 32.6 - 7.8 17.4 10.6 6.2 25.2 Not 'n the labor force.................. 8.912 5.162 2.200 57.9 '24.7 82.6 89.4 93.7 74.8 Faelly Relationship Ma r ried , s pousa pre sest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.034 4.079 1.621 50.8 20.2 74.5 70.7 '69.1 78.9 ot he r f aell y membe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 488 240 65.6L 32.3 6.9 8.5 10.2 5.1 No t 4 f aal l y webe r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.006 1.207 486 60.2 24 2 18.6 20.9 20.7 16.0 Lives alone........................... l.167 1.054 402 59.6 22.8 16.4 18.3 17.1 14.2 Private Health Insurance Covered................................. 7.953 3.898 1.432 49.0 18.0 73.7 67.5 61 0 80.9 i got covered............................. 2.832 1.876 914 66.2 32.3 26.3 32.5 38.9 19.1 Progras Participation Received -
Casm assistance other than $51........ 762 603 365 79.1 47.9 7.1 10.4 15.6 3.2 l l- 551................................... 490 403 251 82.2' 51.2 4.5 7.0 10.7 1.7 Food stamps........................... 84 1 . 45.8 5.6 7.5 384 323 176 3.6 1.2 Medicaid coverage..................... 597 483. 297 80.9 '49.7 5.5 8.4 12.7 23 4
i Public or subsid! ed hous!sg... .... . . . 332 215 98 64.8 29.5 ' 3.1 3.7 4.2 2.3 V 4 p a yme s t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936 650 34 3 69.4 36.6 8.7 11.3 14.6 5.7 Soe:al Security....................... 10.108 . 5.440 2.221 54.2 2z.0 93.7 94.9 94.6 92.3 Medicare coverage..................... 10,486 53.7 21.8 97.2 97.6 97.4 96.8 5.633 2.286 90sthly Household Iseome N er 1600..............................
$ 6% t o s i , g 9 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.253 907 405 72 4 32 3 11 6 15.7 17.3 6.9 ;
3.243 1.931 846 59.5 26.1 30.1 33.4 36.0 26.2
$ 1. M0 t o $ 1. 9 9 9. . . . . . . . . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , .3,gg7 1.567 582 50.3 18.7 28.9 27.1 24.4 30.9 12 m t o $ 2. 9 9 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.643 747 272 45.5 16.6 15.2 12.9 11.6 17.9 53.M0 asd over... ..................... 1.529 621 243 40.6 15.9 14.2 10.8 10.4 18 1 l
k' footnotes at esd of *able.
l i
IIB . .
j.
Table 1. Functionil Limit:ti:n St:tus, by Sex. Age, cnd S:lected Ch: rect:ri: tics- Crntinu:d (Persons 15 years sad over. Numbers in thoussade. For massing of symbola, see text)
- Number of persons Dist ribution of persons l Percent with a With a functional. With a Characteristic fusettosal limit et ton fusettosal no fuse-limitattos !!altation tional
!!al-Total Total Severe Total severe tot al Total Severe tattos
[ MALES 65 YEARS AND OVER-Con.
Number of Doctor Visite f is fast 12 Monthe
\
pose.................................... 2.321 992 321 42.7 13.8 21.5 17.2 13.7 26 5 I to 3.................................. 3.739 1.608 487 43.0 13.0 '34.7 27.9 20.7 42.5 4 to 7.................................. 2.536 1.562 552 61.6 21.8 23.5 27.1 23.5 19.4' 8to11................................. 714 535. 274 74.9 38.4 6.6 9.3 11.7 3.6 12 to 19................................ 936 683 447 73.0 47.8 8.7 11 8 - 19.0 -5.0 20 or more.............................. 539 393 266 72.9 49.4 : 5.0 6.8 11.3 29' Number of Hospital Visits in Past 12 Monthe None................................... 8.456 4.128 1.402 4f.8 16.6 78.4 71.5 59.7 86.4 1....................................... l.737 992 525 64.5 34.2 14.3 17.2 22.4 10.9 2 or more............................... 791 653 420 82 6 53.1 7.3 11 3 17.9 2.8 Number of Days in Hospital in Last 12 Monthe None.................................... 8.456 4.128 1.402 48.8 16.6 78.4 71'. 5 59.7 86.4 1 to 3.................................. .403 223 83 55.3 20.6 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.6 4 to 7.................................. 617 414 195 67.1 31.6 5.7 7.2 8.3 41 8 to 20................................. 815 590 344 72.4 42.2 7.6 10.2 14.7 4.5 21 or more.............................. 494 418 323 84.6 65.4 4.6 7.2 1).8 15 Number of Disability Days is Past 12 Monthe None.................................... 8.677 4.173 1.426 48.1 16.4 80.5 72.3 60.8 89.8.
I to 3.................................. 553 310 109 56.1 19.7 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.8 458 243 77.0 40.8 5.5 7.9 10.4 2.7 4 to 9.................................. 595 10 to 29................................ 432 325 149 75.2 34 5 4.0 56 6.3 21 97 54 85.1 47.4 1.1 4.7 - 2.3 0.3 30 to 59................................ 114 60 or more.............................. 414 410 366 99.0 88.4 3.8 . 7 .1 15.6 01 FEMALE. 15 YEARS AND OVER 94.651 22.044 8.874 23.3 9.4 100.0 '100.0 100.0 100.0 Total...............................
Age 19.708 1.108 204 5.6 1.0 20.8 5.0 2.3 25.6 15 to 24 years..........................
4.5 25.8 20.485 1.716 400 8.4 20 21.6 7.8 25 to 34 yeare..........................
16.4 10.6 6.9 18.2 35 to 44 years.......................... 15.549 2.330 609 15.0 3.9 II.503 2.898 902 25.2 7.5 12.2 13.1 10.2 11.8 45 to 54 years..........................
10.3 II.769 4.299 1.567 36.5 13.3 12.4 19.5 17.7 55 to 64 years..........................
44.0 58.5 82 6 5 ye a r s and ove r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.637 9.692 5.192 62.0 33 2 16.5 2.301 1.051 46.5 21 2 5.2 10.4 11.8 3.6 6 5 t o 6 9 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .9 50 2.527 1.150 59.0 26.9 4.5 11.5 13.0 2.4 7 0 t o 7 4 year s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.283 7 5 ye a r s end ove r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.404 4.864 2,991 76.0 46.7 6.8 22 1 33.7 21 Race and 8panleh origin 7.406 22 7 9.1 85.8 83.6 83 5 86.4 Wh1ts................................... 81.176 18.439 10,974 3,134 1,299 28.6 11.8 11.6 14.2 14.6 10.8 Black................................... 5.3 51 Spanish origin t ......................... 4.872 1.143 470 23.5 9.6 5.1 5.2 Educaeiosal Attalsment II.604 5.626 39.1 19.0 31 3 52 6 63.4 24.9 >
Not a high sc hool gr aduate. . . .. . . . .. . . . . 29.663 64.988 10.439 3,249 16.1 5.0 68.7 47.4 36.6 75.1 High sc hool gr aduat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at esd of table.
I
s, 19 Table 1. Functionel Limitation Status, by Sex, Age, and Selected Characteristics- Continued
)
(Persons 15 years asd over..Numbers in thousands. For meaning of symbols, see test) '
yumber of persons Distributlos of persons-Percent with a With a functional With a Characteristic functional limitation functional No funca limitation liettatlos tiosa! -
Total Total 11el-
- Severe Total severe Total . Total Severe tation FEMALE 15 YEAR 5 AND OVER--Cos, tabor Force Activity 5tatus I n t he l a bo r f o rc e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.370 5.893 1.121 11.5 2.2 Not in the labor 54.3 26.7 12.6 62.6 force.................. 43.281 16.151 7.754 , 37.3 17.9 45.7 73.3 87.4 37.4 Family Relatlosship Ma r r ied , s pouse pr e sent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.418 l0.158 19.8 3.492 6.8 54.3 46.1 39.4 56.8 other fas!!y member..................... 27.375 5.305 2.3t3 19.4 8.5 28.9 24 1 26.1 30.4 No t a f amil y membe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.859 6.581 3.067 41.5 19.3 16.8 29.9 34.6 12.8 Lives alone.......................... 12,773 6.052 2.854 47.4 22 3 13 5 27.5 32.2 93 Private Health Insurance covered................................. 73.171 14.618 5.352 20.0 7.3 77.3 66 3 not covered.............................
60.3 80.6.
21.480 7,426 3.523 34.6 16.4 22.7 33.7 39.? 19.4 -
Program Participation Received -
- ash assistance other than $51........ 6.798 3.119 1.644 45.9 24.2 7.2 14.1 ~ 18.5 5.1 551................................... 2.370 1.885 1.234 79.5 52.1 2.5 8.6 13.9 0.7 Food stamps........................... 7.204 2.810 1.278 39.0 17.7 7.6 12 7 14.4 6.1 Medicaid coverage..................... 7.533 3.417 1.873 45.4 24.9 8.0 15.5 21.1 5.7 Public or subs idi sed hous !sg... . .. .. .. 4.026 1.723 790 42.8 19.6 4.3 7.8 8.9 VA payments...........................
3.2 856 549 284 64.1 33.2 0.9 2.5 3.2 0.4 -
Social Security....................... 19.227 11.196 5.835 58.2 30.3 20 3 50.8 65.8 11.1 Nedicare coverage..................... 16.209 10.267 5.612 63.3 34.6 17.1 46.6 63.2 8.2 Mosthly Household Income Usd e r 5 600. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.053 5.861 2.853 44.9 21.9 13.8 26.6 32.2 9.9-
$ 600 t o $ 1,19 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.972 5,459 2,324 34 2 16.6 16.9 24.8 26 2 14.5 51,200 to $1,999........................ 20.015 4.509 1.742 22.5 8.7 21.1 20.5 19.6 5 2 ,00 t o $ 2 .9 9 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.4 .
20.453 3.277 1.070 16.0 5.2 21.6 14.9 12.1 23.7 s ) ,w ano ove r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.159 2.938 885 11.7 3.5 26.6 13.3 10.0 30.6 Numoer of Doctor Visits a rast 12 Months Name................................... 23.130 2.964 901 12.8 3.9 24.4 13.4 10.2 27.8 I to 3............................... .. 40,609 6.788 2.075 16.7 5.1 42.9 30.8 23.4 46.6 eto7.................................. 15.770 J,329 2.245 33.8 14.2 16.7 24.2 25 3 14.4 i
4to!!................................. 4.793 1,686 825 35.2 17.2 5.1 7.6 9.3 4.3 l 12 to 19................................ 6.526 3.242 1.635 49.7 25.1 6.9 14.7 18.4 4.5 2 0 o r mo r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,824 2.034 1.193 53.2 31.2 4.0 9.2 13.4 2.5 wumber of Hospital Visits h past 12 mont hs l h e................ . ................ 80.925 16.663 5.954 20.6 7.4 85.5 75.6 67 1 88.5 l..................... ............... 10.843 3,540 1.734 32.6 16.0 11.5 16.1 19.5 10 1 1 or w re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. 2.883 1,840 1.186 63.8 41.1 3.0 8.3 13.4 14
% sher of Days in Hospital h Last 12 Montha 9e*e.................................... 80.925 16.663 5.954 20.6 7.4 85.5 15.6 67.1 88.5 Ito3................................. 5.377 1.242 459 23.1 8.5 5.7 5.6 5.2 e
. tot.
7..................................
n.... .. .........................
. 4,252 1.385 723 32.6 17.0 4.5 6.3 8.1 .
u ., -te.... 2.7,5,9 i,.699 9a ua 35a a 77
......................... 1 7 014 m 7u 5w Ia 4.8 8. 04
%skt of D!aability Days h past 12 Months e....................................
I t+'3...
.69,096 13.588 4.723 19.7 6.8 73.0 61.6 5 76 4 13,661 2.707 856 19.8 6.3 14.4
- La b....
............................ 6.111 1.849 795 30.9 13.0 6.5 I
g 3,,
l'I* N ............................... 3,622 2.132 1,120 58.9 30.9 3.8 I'1* W ...............................
' ' " Me .
................ 783 558 372 71.3 47.5 0.8
........ ... .............. 1,380 1.169 1.008 84.7 73.0 1.5 5.' ) lla 0.3 f WfM 90tes at end of tam s.
t e
20 .
Table 1. Functional Limitation , Status, by Sex, Age. and Selected Characteristics- Continued r (Persons 15 years and over.' Numbers la thousands. Per seaalas of symbols, see tout) '.'
Number of persons Distributlos of persons Percent with a With a functional With a Characteristic functional limitation functional No fuse-limitatios !!aitatica tional list-Tots! Total Severe Total Severe Total Total Severe tation FEMALE. 15 to 64 YEARS
, tota 1............................... 79.014 12.352 3.682 15.6 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Race and Spasish origin Wh1te................................... 67.012 9.895 2.922 14.8 4.4 84.8 . 80.1 79.4 85 7 i 81ack................................... 9.655 2,092 652 21.7 6.8 12.2 16.9 17.7 11.3
.Spanish origin i ......................... 4.500 873 289 19.4 6.4 5.7 7.1 7.8 5.4 Educational Attainment Not a hig h sc hoo l gr aduat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.225 5,506 1.998 25.9 9.4 26.9 44.6 54.3 23.6 High school graduate.................... 57.789 6.846 1.684 11.8 29 73.1 55 4 ' 45.7 76.4 1, abor Force Activity Status in the labor force...................... 50.073 5.412 970 10.8 1.9 63.4 43.8 26.3 67.0 Not in the labor force.................. 28,941 6.940 2.712 24.0 9.4 36.6 56.2 13.7 33.0 Pasily Relationship g Mar ried . s pou se pr e sent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.545 7.152 2.091 15.7 4.6 57.6 57.9 56.8 57.6 Other family member..................... 24,565 3.229 978 13.1 4.0 31 1 26.1 26.6 32 0 Not a faa!!y member..................... 8.904 1.971 613 22.1 6.9 11 3 16.0 16.6 10.4-6.096 1.614 523 26.5 8.6 7.7 13.1 14.2 6. 7 -
1.!ves a1ose...........................
Private Health Insurance 61.903 8.115 2.177 13.1 3.5 78.3 65 7 59.1 80.1 Covered...............................
Not covered........................... 17,111 4.237 1.505 24.8 8.8 21.7 34.3 40.9 19.3 Program Partication j
Received = 5.2 Cash east stance other than 55!... ..... 5.318 1,862 773 35.0 14.5 6.7 15.1 21.0 1.069 779 458 72.9 42.8 1.4 6.3 12.4 0.4 551...................................
6,223 1.959 725 31.5 11.7 7.9 15.9 19.7 6.4 Pood stamps...........................
876 34.3 14.8 7.5 16.4 23.8 5.8 dedicaid coverage..................... 5.899 2.024 3.0 Public or subsidised housing.......... 2.866 834 286 29 1 10.0 3.6 6.8 7.8 364 160 49 44.0 13.5 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.3 -
V A pa yee n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.092 1,001 46.0 22.0 5.8 16.9 27.2 3.7 Social Security....................... 4.545 910 798 531 87.7 58.4 1.2 6.5 14.4 0.2 Medicare coverage.....................
Monthly Household Income 958 29.8 11.0 11.1 21.1 26.0 9.2 1 Under $600.............................. 8.740 2.605 815 22.9 7.2 14.3 21 0 22 1 13.1 1
$600 to $1.199.......................... 11.319 2.588 '
2.633 789 15.8 4.7 21 0 21 3 2.l . 4 21.0 51.200 to $1.999........................ 16.632 24.6 2.392 645 12.7 3.4 23 8 19.4 17.5
$2,000 to $2.999........................ 18.782 12.9 32 1 23.541 2.133 475 9.1 2.0 29.8 17.3
$3.000 and over......................... l Number of Doctor Visits is Past 12 Monthe 417 9,4 2.0 26.0 15.7 11.3 28.0 Nose.................................... 20.576 1.942 46.8 35,101 3.885 842 11 1 2.4 44.4 31 5 22 9 1to3.................................. 19.8 13.9 11.817 2,570 728 21.7 6.2 15.0 20 8 4 to 7.................................. 8.6 4.3 3.731 855 316 22 9 8.5 4.7 6.9 8to11................................. 14.0 17.9 4.5 4.728 1.727 660 36.5 14.0 6.0 12 to 19................................ 3.9 11 1 19.6 25 20 or more.............................. 3.061 1.375 720 44.9 23.5 Number of Hospital Visite is Past 12 Monthe 13.9 3.6 86.6 16.9 67.4 88.4 None.................................... 68.451 9.497 2.483 637 21.5 7.4 10.9 15.0 17.3 10 1 1....................................... 8.590 1.850 1.5 562 50.9 28.5 2.5 8.1 15.3 2 or more............................... 1.973 1.005 See footsotes at and of table.
_ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - . n
_u- -
= -
a 21 Table 1. Functional Limitation Status, by Sex, Age, and Selected Characteristics- Continued '
(Perseas 15 years asd over. Numbers in thousands. For meaning of erabols, see test)
. Number of persons . Distribution of persons Percent with a With a functional With a Characteristic functional limitation functional No func.
Limitation limitation tional Total Total list.
Severe Total Severe Total Total Severe tation FEMAtt. 15 70 64 YEAlts--Con.
Number of Days in Hospital le Last 12 Months None.................................... 68.45l 9,497 2.483 13.9 3.6 86.6 76.9 1 to 3.................................. 67.4 88.4 4.685 752 189 16.1 4.0 5.9 6.1 5.1 4 to 7.................................. ' 5. 9 3.398 77.1 318 22.7 9.4 4.3 6.2 8.6 8 to 20................................. 1.678 774 3.9 345 46.1 20.6 2.1 6.3 9.4 21 or more.............................. 802 558 346 69.6 43.1 1.0 4.5 9.4 1.4 0.4 Number of Disatt11ty Days in Past 12 Monthe None.................................... 57.407 7,026 1,655 12.2 2.9 72.7 56.9 3 to 3.................................. 44.9 75.6 12.534 l.972 460 l'.7 3.7 15.9 16.0 12.5 15.8 4 to 9..-.... ........**................ 5.173 1,195 394 23.4 7.6 6.5 9.7 10.7 6.0 10 to 29................................ 2.593 1.237 506 47.7 19.5 3.3 10.0 13.7 2.0 30 to 59..... .......................... 56 3 353 62.7 38.4 60 or more..............................
216 0.7 2.9 - 5.9 0.3 744 569 76.5 60.6 451 0.9 4.6 12 2 ' O.3 FEMALE. 65 YEARS AND OVER Total.... .......................... 15.637 9.692 5.192 62.0 33.2 100.0 400.0 LOO.0 100.0 Race and Spanish origin wh1te................................... 14.165 8 .544 4.484 60.3 31.7 90.6 88.2 86.4 94.5 31ach............................. ..... 1.321 1,042 647 78.9 49.0 8.4 10.8 Spanish origin8 ................ ........ 12.5 4.7 372 210 181 72.6 48.7 2.4 , 2.8 3.5 L.7 48 a high school g radua t e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ,4 38 6.098 3.62R 72,3 43.0 54.0 h i g h s c hoo l g r a d ua t e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62.9 69.9 39.3 7.200 3.593 1.564 49.9 21.7 6.0 31.l 30.1 60.6 t,apor Force Activity Status in t he la bo r f or c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.297 481 151 17.L L1.6 8.3 1.0 2,9 40 t in the labor force.................. 13.7 14.340 9.211 5.041 64.2 35.2 91.7 95.0 97.1 66.3 Faelly Relationahtp urries. spouse present................. 5.873 3.006 1.401 51.2 23.9 17.6 31.0 27.0 48 2 oc ne r f a s t l y ne s be r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.860 2.076 73.9 1.337 47.6 18.0 21.4 25.8 12.3
% a fastly se s be r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.955 4.610 . 2.454 66.3 35.3 44.5 47.6 47.3 39 .4 Li v e s ' a l o ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.678 4.436 2.331 66.5 34.9 42.7 45.8 44.9 37.7 Private Health Insurance covered...
%t
............................ !!.268 6,503 3.175 57.7 28.2 72.1 67.L 61.2 80.1 covered................. .......... 4.370 3.189 2.017 73.0 !
46 2 27.9 32.9 38.8 19.9 Fragras Participation Received
- Cash assistance other than $51. . . ... . l.480 1.257 871 84.9 58.9 9.5 13.0 L6.8 541..
F>od
..... .......................... l.301 1.106 776 85.0 59.6 8.3 11.4 14.9 3.8 3.3 stamps.................... ...... 982 851 553 86.7 56 3 6.3 8.8 10.7 2.2
%dic a t e cove rage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,6 34 1.393 997 85.3 61.0 10.4 14.4 19.2 4.1 P46Lic or subsidised housin !
u .a-e-s................g.......... ...........
l.160 492 889, 50 4 u5 76.6 19.i 43.4 7.4 9.2 9.7 4.6 '
$w t a l Se c u r i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38 47.8 3.i 4.0 4.5 i.7
%dtcare coverage..................... 14,682 9,104 4.834 62.0 32.9 93.9 93.9 93.1 93.8 !
... 15.299 9.469 5.081 61.9 33.2 97.8 97.7 97.9 98.0 see f ootnotes at end of table.
__ _ ___ s--_... . _ - ;gg q L
T 22 e Tcble 1. Functional Limit:ti:n St;tus. by Sex. Age. and Selected Cliaracteristics- Continued (Persons I5 years and over Nebers in thousands. For messing of symbols, see text 3
%moet of persons Distribution of persons Pe rce n t with a With a funettunal With a Cha rac terist ic functional limitation functional No f u nc -
limitation its1tation tional liml- 1 Total Total %evere Tatal se ve re Total Total severe tation !
FE'*A1.E. ei YEAR $ AND OVER~ Con.,
Mont hly Wusehold Income Under SW). .... .. .. . . . 4.3tl 3.256 l.896 75.5 44.1 27.6 33.6 36.5 17.8
$609 t o ll .199. . . . ......... . .. .. 4.653 2.571 1.509 61.7 32.4 29.8 29.6 29.1 30.0
$1.200 to 51.999............. .......... 3.383 1,876 953 55.5 28.2 21.6 19.4 18.4 25.3 52.000 to 52.999 .. ........ .... .. l.671 8h4 424 52.9 25.4 10.7 9.l 8.2 13.2 53,w0 and over. . ............ ....... l.618 805 4ll 49.8 25.4 10.3 8.3 7.9 13.7 haber of Doctor Visits in Past 12 Months None........ .... . .. ............ .. 2,554 1.023 484 40.1 19.0 16.3 .10.6 9.3 25.7 1 to 3.................................. 5,508 2.904 1.233 52.7 22.4 35 2 30.0 23.7 43.8 4 to 7................ .... ... ... 1.952 2.759 L,5t7 69.8 1A . 4 25.3 28.5 29.2 20.1 8 to 11.... ... . ... . . . ... .... l.002 831 510 18.2 48.0 6.8 8.6 9.8 3.9 L2 to 19...... ........ . ..... ... l.798 1.516 975 84.3 54 . 2 11.5 15.6 18.8 4.7 20 or more..... ....... ............... 76) 659 474 86.4 62.1 4.9 6.8 9.l 1.7 hmoer of Hospital Visits in Past 12 '1onths None. . . ..... . ..... ....... . ..... 12.474 7.166 3.470 57.4 27.8 79.8 73.9 66.8 89.3 l.... ......... ...... . .. ... . ..... 2,253 L,090 1.096 75.0 48.7 14.4 17.4 2l.1 9.5 i 910 91.8 68.6 2 or more...... ... . ... ..... ..... 835 624 5.8 8.6 12.0 1.3 l Number of Days in Hospital in 1.ast 12 Monthe
%ne . . ..... . .... .. ......... .. 12.e74 7.l66 3.470 57.4 27.8 79.8 73.9 66.8 89.3 1 to 3..... ... ... ....... ....... . e93 490 270 73.7 39.0 4.4 5.1 5.2 3.4 4 to 7.. ....... . . .......... .... 854 6t3 405 71.9 47.4 5.5 6.3 7.8 4.1 8 to 20... .... ....... ... .. . ....... l.08L 926 6 36 85.1 58.8 6.9 9.6 12 2 2.6 21 or sore. ... .. . .. .......... ..... 335 497 ell 92.9 76.8 3.4 5.1 7.9 0.6 Number of Disability Davs in Past 12 Months kne..... ...... ...... , ..... ...... 11.689 6.562 3.068 56 .1 26.2 74.8 67.7 59.1 86.2 I to 3... . .. ... ............... 1,127 135 396 65.2 31.1 7.2 7.6 7.6 6.6 4 to 9.. . . .... . ... ... ..... 937 694 401 74.1 42.9 6.0 12 7.7 4.1 10 to 29. .. .... .............. ...... 1.029 895 614 87.0 59.7 6A 9.2 11.8 2.3 30 to 59.. . .. . ...... .. ... ...... 220 206 157 93.6 71.4 1.4 2.1 3.0 0.2 60 or more. . . . .... .... .. . ... 636 600 556 94.3 87.4 4.1 6.2 10.7 0.6
' Persons 98 5p4ntsn ort 4tn may be of any race.
2!ncludes Rattroad Retirement.
I
l 3-23 Tcble 2. ' Ability t'o Perform Specified Activities, by Age and Functional Limitation' Status (Persons 15 years and over., Numbers in thousands. For meaning of symbols, see tent 3 Total With a functional limitation
' Functional activity Total . Severe Not Severe-Percen t Percent Percent Percent distri- distria distri- 'dtstrt.
Number bution Numbe r bution Number. button Numbet but ton PERSONS 15 TEAA$ AND OVER o
Tota 1...................................... 180.987 100.0 [00.0
~
37.304 13.537 - 100.0 23.767- 100.0 Seeing Words and Letters in Orrtinary .
Print (With Glasses)
No difficulty...................................
168.184 92.9 24.501 65.7 9.223 60.7 16.279- 68.5 Ab le w i t h d i f f icu lt y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 11.116 11.!!6 29.8 3.628 26.6 7.489 31.5 Not ab1e........................................ l.686 0.9 1.686 45 1,686 12.5 (X) : (1) '
Hearing What is Sald in Wreal Conversation No dif(1culty............... ................... '95.7 173.294 29.611- 79.4 10.736 19.3 18,875 79.4 Able wi th d i f fi cu l t y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.213 4,0 7.213 19 3 2,321 17.1 Not able........................................ ....... 481 0.3 48l 1.3 481 3.6 4.492 (X)
' 2%6 (X)
' Having Own Speech Linderstood No difficulty...................................
178.478 98.6 34,794 93.3 12.129 9l.1 22.465 94.5 some dit(1culty.................................
2.510 1.4 2.510 . 6.7 1.207 8.9 1.392 5.5 Lif ting or Carrying 3 Pounds No difficulty................................... 162.780 89.9 19,097 51.2 3.091 22.8 16,005 67.3 Able with difficulty............................ 10,365 5.7 10.365 27.8 Not able........................................ 2.603 19.2 7.762 32.7 7.843 4.3 7.843 21 0 7.843 .57.9 (X) (X)
Walk 3 City Blocks No d i f f ic u l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.780 89.4 18,047 48.5
- Able with diffLculty............................ 2.785 20.6 15.312 64.4
'11.248 6.2 11.248 30.2 2.793 20.6 8.455 ht ab1e........................................ 7.959 4.4 ' 15.6 7.959 21.3 7.959 58.8 (X) (X)
Go up a Flight of Scales No difficulty................................... 162,924 90.0 19.241 51.6 3.35L 24.8 13.890 66 .9 Ab le wi t h d i f f icu l t y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.872 7.1 12,872 34.5 Needs help from others.......................... 4.995 36.9 7.877 33.1 5.191 2.9 5.191 13.9 5.191 38 .3 (X) (X)
Get Around. Outside of House ,
40 difficulty................................... 174.989 96.7 31.306 83.9 9.685 60.5 25.121 97.3 Able with diffleulty............................ 2.397 1.3 2.397 6.4 1.751 12.9 646 2.7 hee d s ne l p f r om o t he r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.601 2.0 9.7 3,t01 3.60L 26.6 (X) (1)
Get Around Inside of House Nodifficulty................................... 178.459 98.6 34,776 91.2 Able with difficulty............................ 11.101 82.0 23.675 99.6 1.299 0.7 1.299 3.5 1.207 8.9 92 0.4 hee d s .he l p f rom o t he r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l.229 0.7 3.3 1.229 1.229 91 (1) (1)
Cet into and out of Sed No difficulty..............................,.... 118.930 98.9 35.247 94.5 !!.531 95.3 23.696 99.7 able with difficulty............................ 849 0.5 849 2.3 778 5.7 71 0.3 heed s ne l p f ros ot he rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l.208 0.7 1.208 3.2 1.208 8.9 (X) (X) i l
I O
)..
.1 24 Limit; tion St!tus-Cantinued .
. Table 2. Ability to Perform Specified Activities, by Age and Functional For eraning of symbols, see text)
Numbers in thousands.
(Persone 15 years and over. With a functional limitation Total Severe Not Severe Total Percent Percent
. Functional activity Percent Percent distet*
- distr 1+ distri=
distria Numbe r bution Humber bution Number bution Number but!on 15.A41 LOO.n PEttSONS 15 To 64 Yuks 21,839 100 0 5.998 .L00.0 154,565 100.0 g Total.......................................
l~
.Seeing Words and Letters in Ordinary.
Print (With Glassee) 67.0 10,'757 67.9 95.4 14.778 67.7 4.021 32.t 147.504 t.486 24.8 5.084 No dif'tteu1ty................................... 6.570 4.3 6.570 30.1 2.2 491 82 (x) (X)
Able with dLiticulty............................ 491 0.3 1.491 Not ab1e........................................
Hearing What is Said in Normal Conversation 87.4 12.921 81.6 97.6 18.162 83.2 5.241 18.4
..... 150.888 460 7.7 2.920 2.2 3,380 15 5 (X) (X)
No ditticulty............................. 3,380 - 296 - 4.9 02 29 7 1.4 Ab le w i t h d i f f i c ult y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Notable........................................
Having own Speech Understood 91.2 14.782 93.3 99.0 20.253 92.7 5.471 1,060 6.7 152.979 8.8 No difficulty................................... 1.586 1.0 1.586 7.3 527 Some difficulty.................................
L,1f ting or Carrying 10 Pounds 25.2 11.043 69.7 94.0 12.553 57.5 1.509 4,798 30.3 145.279 27.0 1,106 18.4 No difficulty................................... 5.903 3.8 5.903 56.4 (x) . (X) 3.383 15 .5 3.38 3 Ab le wi t h d L f f ic u1 t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.383 2.2 Not4ble.......................................
Wata 3 City stocks 27 .1 10.941 69.8 94.0 12.567 57.5 1.626 30.9 145.293 1.300 21.7 4.900 difficulty................................... 4.0 6.100 28.4 (X) (X)
No 6.200 14.1 3,072 St.2 Ab le wi th d i f f icu lt y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.072 2.0 3.072 Not ab1e........................................
Go Up a flight of Stairs 30.0 11.205 70.7 59.6 1,802 29.3 145.732 94.3 13.006 39.7 4,637 .
4.5 7.019 32 1 2.382 (1)
No d i f f i c u l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.019 8.3 1.8le 30 . 2 (1)
Abte with dLfficu1ty............................ 1,8L4 1.2 1.814 Maeds help from others..................
1' 70.8 15,553 98.2 Cet Around Outside of House 90.7 4.248 1.8 152.526 98.7 19.800 458 11 0 289 dLfficu1ty.................................. .
0.6 947 4.3 (X)
No 947 1,09 1 18.2 (1) difficulty...........................
0.7 1.09L 5.0 Able with . l.091
' Nee d s he l p f r om o t he r s . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86.5 15.784 99.6 Cet Around Inside of House 96.0 5.191 0.4 153.697 99 .4 20.972 394 6.6 6L diffLeu1ty.................................. .
0.3 454 2.1 (X) 'X)
No .
454 1.9 413 6.9 Ab le wi t h d i f f i cu l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 0.3 413-Need s he lp f rom othe r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.810 99.d Get into and Out of Sed 96.6 5,294 88.3 15),830 99.5 21,104 3.2 32 0.2
.. 1.0 194 No difficulty.'................................ .. 226 0.1 226 8.5 (1) (1) 2.3 509 Able with dLfficulty..........................
. . , 509 0.3 50 9 Ne e d s he lp f rom ot he r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l
. 25 i
Tcble 2. Ability 13 Perform Specified Activit:s, by Age cnd Function:1 Limitation Status-Continued !
' ( Persons 15 years and over. Numbers in thousands. For meaning of eyebols, see text)
With a functional limitation Functional activity Total Seve re Not Severe -
Pe rcent Percent Percent . Percent distria distri- distri-distri-
.. Number button Number button . Numbe r bution Number bution .
. PEASONS. 65 YEAA$ AND OVER e f5tal.......,.............................. 26.422 100.0 15.'465 , .'100.0 7.539 100.0 7.926 ' 100.0 Sesing Wurds and Letters in Ordinary Print
!. (With Glasses) 8 No d i f f ic u lt y. . . . . . . . . . ..................... 20,681 78.3
' 9.723 62.9 .4.201 55.7 5.522 - 69.7 Ab le w i t h d i t (icu l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.546 17.2 29.4 4.546 - 2.142 28.4 .2.404 30.3 Not able.....................................,.. 1,196 .4.$ .1,196 7.7 1.196 15.9 .(X) (X)
Fearing What is Said in W rmal Conversation No d i t f i c u l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.406 34 8 11.449 74.0 5.494 72.9 5.954 75.1 Ab l e w i t h d i f f i c u l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,833 14 5 3,833 wt 4ble........................................
24.8 'l.861 24.7 1,972 - 24.9 184 0.7 '. 184 1.2 184 2.4 (X) (X)
Having own Speech Understood W difficulty................................... 25.499 96.5 14.542 94.0 6.858 91.0 7.68 3 96.9 Some difficulty............................'..... 3.5 921 923 6.0 681 9.0 243 ' 3.1 t.if ting or Carrying 10 Pounds udifficulty................................... 17.501 66.2 6.544 42.3 1.582 21.0 4.962 ' 62.6 Ane wi t h d i f f icu l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.462 16.9 4.462 28.9 1.497 19.9 2,964 37.4 ht a51e...................................... . 4.460 16.9 4.460 28.8 4.460 59.2 (X) - (X)
Walk 1 City Blocks w difficulty................... ............... 16.461 62.4 5.530 '35.8 1.159 ' !$.4 4.371 '55.I' Able with difficulty............................ 5.048 19.1 5,048 32.6 Not ab1e........................................
1.493 - 19.8 3.555 44.9-
<. ,88 7 ' 18.5 4.887 31.6 4.887 64.8 (X)' (X)
Go (p 4e Flight of Stalrs
% difftculty................................... 17.192 65.1 6.235 ' 40.3 rue eith difficulty............................
1.550 ~ 20.6 4.685 59.1 5.854 22.2 5.854 37.9 2.613 34.7 3.241 40.9 -
I we J s ne l p f r om o t he r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,176 12.8 1,376 21.8 3,376 44.8 (X) (X) 6et 4r wnd Outside of House wattficulty....,.............................. 22.463 85.0 11,505 14 .4 3.937 52.2 7.569 95.5 4 Ce a t ti d i f f icu lt y. .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . l.4 50 3.5 1.450 9.4 1,092
-weds nelp irom others.......................... 14.5 357 4.5 2.510 9.5 2.5l0 16.2 .2.510 33.3 (X) (X) wt 4round Inside of House -
% difficulty................................... 93.7 24.761 13.804 89.3 5.910 78.4 7.894 99.6 4il e w i t h d i f f i c u l t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 3. 2 845 5.5 814 LO.8 31 0.*4, Nee d . he l p f r om o t he r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 3.1 816 53 816 10.8 (X) (X)
Get 19to and Out of 8ed uJtfitculty................................... 25,100 95.0 4
- with difficulty............................ 14.143 91.5 6.257 83.0 7.886 99.5 623 2.4 623 4.0 583 7.7 40 0.5 1
%e 4. he l p f rom o t he r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 2.6 699 4.5 699 9.3 (X) (X)' j i
t
[-_---------c- - - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '^~ ~
J26 m=
- Table 3.. Work Disability S'tatus, by Age and Functional Limitation Status
- (Perocas 16 to 72 years. habetsla thousando.' For seating of symbols, see test)
With a work disability
'Able to work 4ble to work. , Prevented.from -
7,g ,g .' working j full-time not full
- time Cha rac t'e ris t ic Number Percent Numbef Percent habe r Percent Total Number Percent PERSON 6. 16 TO 64 YEAR $-
'Att 1, abor Force 8tatuses 7,721 5.1 2.521 1.7 8.006 5.3
'150.970 18.247 :12.1 30.0 Both seses..................... 54.7 , 17.3 1.606 7.4 6.501-21,655 11.842 3.736 With a functionet limitation.......... 5.022 83.9 j 830 13.9 569 9.5 3.626 60.6 Severe.............................. '5.987 6.6 2.875 18.3 6.818 43.5 - 2.907 18.6 1.038 Not severe.......................... 15.668 914 0.7 1.506 1.2 129.313 6.405 5.0 3.985 3.1 No f unc tiona l 11sitat ion. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 836 1. l' 1 3,268 4.4 73.687 8.631 11.7_ 4.525 27.8
' %1e...... .....................
9.397 5.130 54.6 ' 1,998 21.3 518 - 5.5[. 2.615 With a f unctionet limit ation... . ... ... 15.9 8.5 - 1.478 63.8 2.3l6 2.041 88.1 : 369 196 ~
Severe.............................. 1,629 23.0 123 4.6 1.137 16.1-7.082 3.089 43.6 ! 1.0 Not severe.......................... 5.46 2.526 3.9 320. 0.5 654 No functional Liettation.....'......... 64.288 3.501
- 6.1 3.196 4.1 1.6a 3 ' 2.2 4.738 77.283 9.616 12.4 i 31.7-Female............................ 5*.8 ! 1.738 14.2 1.088 8.9 3.886 12.258 6.712 58.5 WLth a functional limitation.......... 3.671 2.981 81.2 l 461 12.6 37 3 10.2 2.148 5evere.............................. L,278 14.9 715 . 8. 3 1.738 10.2 -
8,586 ' 3.729 '43.4 i 852 13
-Not severe.......................... 4.5 l 1.459 2.2 - $94 0.9 No functional 11sitation.............. 65.025 2.9v4 i
l With a Job During Month' t 6.8 l 5.5 1.311 . 1.2 (X) (X) 7.161 5.849 Both sexes...................... 105.612 15.1 ; 2,796 26.9 854 8.2 (X) -(X)
With a functional 11eitation........ . . 10.391 3.649 23.4 (X) (X) 971 63.3 , 614 40.1 358 Severe.............................. 1.533 496 5.6 (X) (X) 2.676 30.2' 2.182 24.6 Not severe.......................... 8.858 3.2 457. 0.5 (X) (X) 95,221 3.511 3.055
- Mo functional limitation.............. ').7 l 6.2 532 0.9 (X) (X) 59.660 4.233 7.1 3.700 1(X).
Ma1e.............................. 35.5 1,679 .29.8 323 - 5.7 (X)
With a functional lial,ation.......... 5.635 2.001 20.9 (X) (X) 666 446 30 8 46.2 139 Severe.............................. 27.6 184 3.7 (X) (X) ,
4.970 . 1.555 67.0 31 3 .l.371
{ - (X) 'l Not severo.......................... 4.1 2.021 210 0.4 (X) 54,025 2.231 3.7 l
. No f unc tiona l limit at ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,149 4.7 779 - L.7 (X) (X) 45.952 :2.928 6.4 (X)
Female............................
34.7 1,117 23.5 -
531 11.2 (X) witn a f unctional limitation....... . . . 4.756 1.648 25.3 ~ (X) (X) 525 63.6 306 35.3 219 867 (X)-
Severe.............................. 28.8 811 20 .9 312 8.0 (X)
Not severe.......................... 3.888 1.121 0.6 (X) (X)'
1.280 3.1 1.034 2.5 247 No functional limitation.............. 41.196 No Job During Month 4.t 1.210 2.7 8.006 17.7 45.358 11.086 24.4 1.872 57.7 both sexes...................... 72.7 940 8.3 752 6.7 6.501 With a functional limitation.......... 11.264 8.193 4.7 3.626 81 4 91.0 216 4.8 211' 4.454 4.051 542 8.0 2,875 42 2 Severe..............................
4.142 60.8 725 10.6 ht severe.......................... 6.810 457' l.3 1.506 4.4 -
2.894 85 930 2.7 No functional timitation.............. 34.092 5.9 306 2.2 3.268 23 3 4.398 31.4 825 ute................ ............. 14.027
- 8.5 195 5.2 2.615 69 5.
3.762 3.129 83.2 319 89.6 With a functional limitation.......... 1.595 96.7 61 3.7 57 35 1,478 Severe.............................. 1.650 66 1.131 53.8 1.534 72.6 258 12.2 139 2.112 .t .1 654 64 Not severe..........................
1.270 12.4 505 4.9 110 No f unc tiona l limi tat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.263 3.3 904 2.9 4.738 15.1 31.331 6.688 21.3 1,047 Female........................... .
8.3 557 7.4 3,886 51 8 5.064 67.5 621 With a functional limitation......... . 7.502 5.5 2.148 76.6 2.456 87.6 155 5.5 154 Severe............................. . 2.804 9.9 403 8.6 1,7 38 37.0 2.608 55.5 467 Not severe......................... . 4.698 1.5 852 3.6 1.624 6.8 425 1.8 34 7 .
No fonctional itettation.............. 23.829
____--__L___-___ - _ _ - - - . _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . - _. m__
E____-_ .e.
l'
= .
l w<
f l
27 l Table 3. Work Disability Status by Age and Functional Limitation Status-Continued (Pereose 16 to 72 yesta. Jumbers in thousands. For seasing of symbols. see test)
With a work disability Tots! . Able to work .Able to work. Prevented from Characteristic - full-time not full-time woruing Total Number Percent Wmber Percent Numbe r Percent Numbe r Percent
, FERSONS. 65 TO 72. YEARS All 1. abor Force Statuses ,
80 t h se n e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,421 5.267 39.2 356 2.7 957 7.1 3.954 29 5 With a functional limitation.......... 4 .4 34 ! 4.245 66.0 182 2.8 675 10.5 3.388 52.7 5evere............................. 2.671 . 2.208 82.7 40 1.5 189 7.1 1.978 74.1
. Not severe.......................... 3.763 2.038 54.2 145 3.9 l 486 12.9 1.4to 37.5 No functional 11eltation.............. 6.985 1.020 14.6 173 2,5 284 4.1 565 ' 8.1 Ma1e.............................. 5.962 2.4 31 40.8 247 4.1 476 8.0 1,708 28.6 Wit h a f unctional limitation... ..... .. 2.706 ' 1.850 68.4 !!2 4.1 306 11.3 1,432 52.9-5evere.............................. 990 : 873 88 2 21 2.1 66 , 6. 7 785 79.3 li- Not severe..........................
1.7 4 5 J 978 57.0 92 5.4 240 14.0 647 37.7 No functional limitation.............. 3.256 l 560 17.8 135 4.l 172 5.3 275 8.4-Female............................ 7,459 2.836 38.0 109 1.5 481 . 6. 4 With a functional limitation..,....... 2.246 El 3.728 , . 2.395 64.2 70 1.9 369 9.9 1.956 52.5-5evere.............................. 1.681 i 1.335 79.4 19 1.1 123 7.3 1.193 71.0 Not severe.......................... 2.048 ' !.060 51.8 53 2.6 246 12.0 763 37 3 .
No functional limitation.............. 3,729 440 !!.8 34 1.0 112 3.0 290 7.8 With a Job During Month Both senes...................... 2.239l 492 22.0 149 6.7 34 3 15 3 (X) (X)
With a functional its1tation.......... 604 , 3l6 52.3 81 13.4 235 38.9 (X) (X)
Sewere.............................. 14 3 I 8
II3 ( B) 18 (3) 95 (g) (X) (X)
Idot severe........................ . 462 204 44.2 65 14.1 141 30 5 (X) (X).
No functional limitation........... .. l .6 14 : 176 19.4 M ..' fM 9.' (t) (X)
Ma1e.............................. 1.337 . 337 25.2 119 8.9 218 16 3 (X) (X)'
With a functional limitation.......... 322 i 180 55.9 51 15.8 129 40.1 (X) (X) 5evere.............................. 69 51 (a) 13 (81 38 (B) (X) (X)
.(- l (X) (X) 5evere.............................. 69 i 51 (B) 13 (5) # 38 (B) (X) (X)
Not severe.......................... 25) 129 51.0 39 15.4 i 91 No (X) (X)
No functional 11attation.............. 1.015 } 157 15.5 68 ). 7 90 (X) (X) 8.9 l
,e..ie............................
with a f unc t ional limit at ion.... . ... . . 902 282 l i5, 116 1,.2 48 2 m 1.3 n1 n.9 i m (X) 30 10.6 106 37.6 I (X) (X) 5evere.............................. 74 52 (B) 5 (B) (5) I Not severe..........................
57 (X) (X) 209 75 35.9 26 12.4 50 23.9 I (X) (X)
No functional limitation.............. 619 19 31 - -
19 3.1 (X) (X)
I No Job During Month Both seses...................... 11.182 4.775 42.7 207 1.9 5.5 614 3.954 35.4 With a functional disability.......... 5.830 3.929 67.4 1.7 lol 440 7.5 3.388 58 1 5evere.............................. 2.528 2.095 82.9 22 0.9 94 3.7 1.978 78.2 Not severe.......................... 3.301 1.834 55.6 80 2.4 345 10.5 4.410 42.7 No functional limitation.............. 5.351 844 15.8 105 2. ') 171 3.3 56 5 10.6 Ma1e.............................. 4,625 2.094 45.3 128 2.8 258 5.6 l.708 36.9.
With a f unctional limitation.......... 2.384 1,670 70.1 61 2.6 177 7.4 1.432 60.1 5evere.............................. 921 822 89.3 8 0.9 28 3.0 785 85.2 Not severe.......................... 1.462 849 58.1 53 3.6 149 In.2 647 44.3 No functional limitation.............. 2.241 423 18.9 67 3.J 82 3.7 275 12.3 Fensle............................ 6.557 2,641 40.9 79 1.2 356 5.4 2.246 34 . 3 With a f unct ional limi tation... ... .. . . 3.446 2.259 65.6 40 l.2 263 7.6 l.956 56.8 5evere.............................. 1.607 1.273 79.2 14 0.9 66 4.1 1,193 14.2 Not severe.......................... 1.839 985 53.6 27 1.5 ! 196 10.7 763 41.5 No functional limitation.............. 3.!!0 421 13.5 38 93 3.0 290 9.3 1.2 l
. e.
i Table 4. Need for Assistence, by Sex and Selected Characte'ristics -
- (Piraosa 1$ years and over. Numbers la thousands. For messing of symbole, see test)
Needs eastatance from another person I I I *** E**""
total around housework preparation - care Characteristic '
Total Numbe r Percent habe r Percent habe r Percent haber Percent habe r Percent PER30X5,15 YEAR 8 AalD OVER 180,987 4.3 3,743 2.1 5.965- 3.3 4.302 2.4 2.509 3.4 .
T0 5 a 1. . . . ., .' . . . . . .' . . . 7.706 .
Ag1
-2.1 1,174 0.8 2,392 1.5 1,644 1.1 1.050 0.7 l Und n 65 years........... 154.565 3.256 2.6 9.9 811 5.0 1.299 8.0 B61 5.3 432
- 65 to 74 yeare........... 16.306 1.611 1,796 17.8 1.027 10.2 75 ysers and over........ 10,116 2,839 28.1 4,758 17.4 2.273 22.5 l
Race and spanish origin 6,427 4.1 3.097 2.0 4,913 3.1 3,503 2.2 2.062 1.3 White.................... 156.009 2.0 3.7 576 2.9 927 4.6 709 3.5 398 81tek.................... 20.018 1.138 1.4 9.394 395 4.2 191 2.0 265 2.6 215 23 134 5 penis h or t s ta l . . . . . . . . . .
Living Arrangesant 901 ' 4.3 1. )l9 6.2 664 3.1 382 1.8 Li ves alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ll3 1.702 8.1 1.9 1.1 3,497. 3.4 I,580 1.5 2,786 2.7 1.947 1.162 Lives with spouse........ 102.836 705 1.9 37,642 5.8 1.009 2.7 1,784 4.7 1.244 3.3 spouse only............ 2.165 457 0.7
' 2.0 572 0.9 1,002 1.5 70 3 1.1 Spouse and others...... 65.194 1.332 966 1.7 4.4 1.26l 2.2 1.860 3.3 1 19 1 3.0 othat arrangement........ 57.039 2.507 1.7 2,180 : 4.4 1.072 22 1.613 1.3 1.468 3.0 847 taisted to householder. 49.403 2.5 248 3.2 222 2.9 119 1.6 Not related............ 7,636 327 4.3 .190 Monthly Household Income 9.1 976 4.7 1.426 6.9 881 4.3 516 2.5 Undir 8600............... 20.690 L.884 2. 5 '
' 7. 7 1.128 4.0 1.771 6.4 1.286 4.6 687 5600 to $1.199........... 27.866 2.135 3.5 944 2.4 530 1.4
$1.200 to 81.999......... 38.648 1.677 4.3 742 1.9 1.142 1,036 2.5 410 1.0 722 1.8 622 1.5 380 0.9
$ 2,000 t o 5 2.999. . . . . . . . . 40.999 11 396 0.8 52,784 974 1.8 487 0.9 705 1.3 570
' $3,000 and over..........
Funettonal Limitation Statue 3,743 10.0 5.769 15.5 4.088 11.0 2.334 6.2 With a tiettation.......
5 37 .304 7,227 14 .4 44.7 27.7 4,844 35.8 3.490 25.8 2.113 15.6 Savere................. 13.537 6.055 3.743 1,172. 4.9 (X) (X) 925 3.9 598 2.5 218 0.9 Not severe............. 23.767 0.1 178 0.1 No limitation............ 14),683 479 0.3 (X) (X) 196 01 214 MALE.15 YEARS AND OVER -
1.4 2,187 2.5 1.848 2.1 1,036 1.4 Tota 1................ 86.336 2.872 33 1.182 Ad3 L.9 508 0.7 985 1.3 798 1.1 547 - 0.7 '
Undir 65 years........... 75.551 l'.435 409 5.8 194 2.7 1.073 567 8.0 247 3,5 473 6.7 65 to 74 years...........
729 19.6 640 17 .2 295 7.9 75 years and over ....... 3.712 870 23.4 427 11.5 Living Arrange wnt L.7 344 4.1 201 2.4 66 0.8 i Living alone............. 8.339 397 4.8 140 1.3 I 1,6 34 3.2 7 36 1.4 1.245 2.4 1.047 2.0 663 Livss wit h spouse .. . .. . .. 51.418 3.7 402 2.1 18,821 1.025 5.4 451 2.4 799 4.2 689
' Spouse only............ 1.4 358 1.1 262 0.8 609 1.9 285 09 446 Spouse and others...... 32.597 2.2 600 2.3 307 1.2 othat arrangement........ 26.578 841 3.2 306 1.2 598 1.0 469 21 478 2.2 252 L.1 Related to householder. 22.028 667 30 213 1.2 3.8 93 2.0 L29 2.8 121 2.7 55 Wot related............ 4.551 174 Monthly Mousehold Income 5.5 313 4.1 182 2.4 Undst 5600............... 7.637 528 s a u 2.8 421 56 297 25 7 . t, 440 3.7 739 6.2 639 8600 to $1.199........... 11.894 898 2.7 425 2.3 229 1.2 18,633 679 3.6 250 1.3 511 31.200 to 51.999......... !!6 0.6 269 1.3 242 L.2 165 0.8 82.000 to 82.999......... 20.546 410 2.0 0.8 164 0.6 27,626 357 1.3 164 0.6 247 0.9 230 83.000 and over..........
Functional Limitation Statye 7.7 2,086 13.7 1,719 11.3 934 6.1 With a limit at ion... .... . 15.260 2.604 17.1 1.182 819 17.6 44.5 1,182 25.4 l.672 35.9 1,405 30 1 Severe................. 4,662 2.073 3.0 !!5 11 LO,598 532 5.0 (X) (X) 414 3.9 314 Mot severe.............
(X) 101 0.1 129 0.2 102 0.1 No 11aitetton............ 71.075 260 0.4 (X) 1 1
Sea footnotes at end of table.
- - - - -- . - - ._ - - _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ______(__
.. - w _ . . .- .. __ _-
29 l
i Table 4. Need for Assistance, by Sex and Selected Characteristics-Continued 1
(Persone 15 years and over*. Numbers in thousands. Por meaning of symbola, see text)
Needs assistance free another peraog Total I' I *** E* **
around housework Character!atic preparation care Total Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent-
,PEMALE.15 YEAR $ AND OVER Total................ 94.651 4.834 5.1 2.560 2.7 3.778 40 2.454 2.6 3.473 1.6 Age Und e r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.014 1.820 2.3 666 0.8 1.407 1.8 846 6 5 t o 7 4 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.233 1.045 11.3 11 503 0.6 75 years and over......... 563 61 827 9.0 452 4.9 238 2.6 6.404 1.969 30.7 1.131 20.8 1.544 24.1 1.156 18.1 733 11.4 Living arrangement Lives alone............... 12.771 1,305 10.2 Lives with spouse.........
761 6.0 974 7.6 464 3.6 51.418 1.864 3.6 844 1.6 116 2.5 Spouse only............. 1.541 3.0 900 1.8 498 1.0 18.821 1.140 6.t 558 3.0 985 Spouse and othere....... 5.2 555 2.9 303 1.6 32.597 723 2.2 286 0.9 556 1.7 Other arrangement......... 345 1.1 195 0.6 30.460 1.666 5.5 955 3.1 4.1 Related to householder.. 1.262 I.091 3.6 659 2.2 27.375 1.513 5.5 859 3.8 1.143 4.2 Not related............. 3.085 153 5.0 96 3.1 119 3.9 990 3.6 297 2.6 101 3.3 362 1.9 Monthly Nousehold Income Under $600................ 13.053 1.356 10.4 764 5.9 1.005 7.7 8600 to $1.199............ 15.972 568 4.4 334 2.6 1.237 7.7 688 4.3 1.031 6.5 51,200 to $1.999.......... 20.015 647 41 391 2.4 996 5.0 492 2.5 831 4.2 520 2.6 52.000 to $2.999.......... 20.453 626 3.1 294 1.4 301 1.5 453 2.2
$3,000 and over........... 25.159 617 2.5 322 13 458 1.8 380 1.9 215 11 340 1.4 232 0.9 Functional 1. imitation Status With a lisitation......... 22,044 4.622 21.0 2.560 11.6 3.683 16.7 5 e ve r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,874 2.369 10.7 1.397 63 3.982 44.9 2.560 28.8 3.172 35.7 Not severe.............. 13.169 640 4.9 2.085 23.5 1.294 14.6-(1) (K) 511 3.9 284 2.2 103 0.8 No ! !al t at ion. . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.608 212 0.3 (X) (X) 95 01 85 0.1 76 0.1 8
Persons of Spanish origin may be of any race.
l
]
1 1
4 I
4
_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
[ Y _' f e i l
30 Table 5. Distribution of Persons, by Need for Assistance Status and Selected Characteristics-C,ontinued ;
' (Persons 15 years and over. For seenf ag of eyebols, see text) I Needs assistance f rom another person Does not need With assistance 1 With meal With from Characteristic - getting With pre- personal another Total Total around hou sework paration care Pe rson 80TH st/ES. 15 YEAAS AND DVER 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 '
Tota 1.......................... 100.0 Age 42.3, 31,4 40.1 38.2 41.8 67.3 Unde r 6 5 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.4 8.5 9.0 20.9 21.7 21.8 20.0 '17.2 65 to 74 years......................
47.0 38 .1 41.7 40.9 4.2 75 years and over................... 5.6 36.8 Living Arrangement 24.1 22.1 15.4 15.2 11.2 Lives a1one......................... !!.7 22.1 46 3 57.3 56.8 *S.4 42.2 46.7 45.3 Lives with spouse...................
27.0 29.9 28.9 28.1 '2%5 spouse on1y....................... 20.8 28.1 15.3 16.8 16.3 18.2 36.9 Spouse and others................. 36.0 17.3 33.7 23 .2 39.3 38.5 31.5 Other arrangement................... 31.5 32.5 28.3 28.6 27.0 34.1 - 33.8 27.3 i Related to householder............ 27.3 4.7 4.2 1
< 4.2 4.2 5.1 4.2 5.2 Not related.......................
. Monthly Household income 26.1 23.9 20.5 20.6 10.9 Under 5600.......................... 11.4 24.4 30.1 29.7 29.9 27.4 14.8 8600 to $1.199...................... 15.4 27.7 19.8 22.5 21.9 21.1 21.3 21.4 21.8 51.200 to $1.999.................... 13.4 11.0 12.1 14.5 15.1 23.1 8 2.000 t o $ 2.99 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 29.9 12.6 13.0 11.8 13.2 15.8 63.000 and over..................... 29.2 Functioral Limitation Status 1 100.0 96.7 95.0 92.9 17.4 20 .6 93.8 4.3 With a limitation.... ..............
78.6 100.0 81.2 81.1 84.2 7.5 13.0 Severe............................
15.2 (K) 15.5 13.9 8.7 Not severe........ ............... 13.1 82.6 6.2 (X) 3,3 5.0 7.1 i No 11altation.............,.........
79.4 t MALE. 15 YEARS AND OVER 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 l Tota 1.......................... 100.0 100.0 Age 43.0 45.0 43.2 52.8 88.8 Under 65 years...................... 87.5 50.0 77.9 20.9 21.6 22.1 18.7 65 to 74 years...................... 8.2 19.7 3.4 36.1 33.3 34.6 28.5 75 years and over................... 4.3 30 . 3 Living arrangement 11.8 15.7 10 .9 6.4 9.5 9.7 13.8 Lives alone......................... 62.3 56.9 56.7 64.0 59.6 59.6 56.9 Lives with spouse...................
35.7 38.2 36.5 37.3 38 .8 21.3 5pouse............................ 21.8 25.3 38.3 21.2 24.1 20.4 19.4 spouse and othere................. 37.8 29.6 30.8 30.8 29.3 25.9 27.3 32 5 Other arrangement................... 18.0 21.4 25.9 24.3 25.6 25.5 23.2 5.2 ke la t e d t o house holde r . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 7.9 5.9 6.5 5.3 Not re la t e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Monthly household income 19.3 16.9 17.6 8.5 8.8 18.4 17.9 Under $600.......................... 33.8 34.6 28.7 13.2 13.8 31.3 37.2 l
$600 to $1.199...................... 23.4 23.0 22.1 21.5 21.6 23.6 21.2 24.1
$1.200 to 51.999.................... 9.8 12.3 13.1 15.9
$2,000 to $2.999.................... 23.8 14.3 32.7 13.9 11.3 12.4 15.8
'12.0 12.4 s 53.000 and over.....................
Funettonal Limitation Status !
95.4 93.0 90.2 15.2 17.7 9v.7 100.0 3.1 Wit h e 11a tt at ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 76.0 79.1 -l 5.4 72.2 100.0 j 5evere............................ 18.9 17.0 11.1 12.1 12.3 18.5 (X) 84.8 j Not severe........................ (X) 4.6 7.0 9.8 No 11mitation.......................
82.3 9.)
n s ...__ --
t 31 Table' 5. Distribution of Persons, by Need for Assistance Status and Selected
- Characteristics-Continued
' (Persons 15 years and over..Jor messing of symbols, see test) -
Needs assistance 'f rom another person Does not
~ need Characteristic With assistance With seal with from b
getting With pre = - personal another
, Total . Total around housework, paration care pe rson FEMALE. 15. YEAR $ AND DVER e Tota!.......................... 100.0 100.0' ~ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0-Age Under 65 years...................... 83.5 37 .6 26.0 37.2 34.5 34 1 85.9 45 to 74 years...................... 9.8 21.6 '22.0 21.9
. 7 5 .ye a rs a nd ov e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18.4 16.2 . 9.1 .
6.8 '40.7 52.0 ' 40.9 47.1- 49.E 4.9 Living Arrangement Lives alone......................... 13.5 27.0- 29.7 ' 25.8 18.9 21.5 12.4 Lives with spouse................... - 54 3 .38.6 33.0 40.8' 36.7 Spouse only....................... 33.8 55.2 19.9 23.6- 21.8 26 1 22.6 20.6 19. 7 ~
spou se and ot he rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 15.0 14.7
!!.2 14.1 L3.2 35.5-nt ne r a r r a ng e me n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 34.5 37. 3 33.4 44.5 44.7 32.1 Re lated t o house holder . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 31.3' 33.6 30 3 40.3 40.4 28.8 Not related................ ...... 3.3 3.2 3.8 3. l 41 43 3. 3
~ Monthly Household income Under $600.......................... 13.8 24.1 29.8 26.6 '
$600 to Bl.199...................... 23.1 22.7 13.0 16.9 25.6 26.9 27.3 26.4 26.5 16.4 51.20^ to $4.999.................... 21.1 20.6 19.2 22.0 21.2 20.4 S2,000 to $2.999.................... 21.2 21.6 12.9 11.5 12.0 15.5 14.6 22.1
$3,100 and over..................... 26.6 12.8 12.6 12 1 '13.9 15.8 27.3 Functional Limitation Status w i t n a l i m i t a t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 95.6 100.0 97.5 96.5 94.8 19.4-5evere............................ 9.4 82.4 100.0. 84.0 . 85.0 67.8 5.4 Not severe........................ 13.9 '13.2 (X) 13.5 11.6 ' 7.0 13.9 M l i m i t a t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 4.4 (X) 2.5 3.5 5.2 80.6 e
l l
i
c ?-
i 32 Table 6. Disability Status cf Childr:n, by Selected Char:ctiristics
- (Pereose under 18 years. Numbers !s thousesds. For messing of eyebels, see test)
- With a disability Both phyelcal Physical only Mestal or and mestal Characteristics emottosal only or esottosal Percest Numbe r Percest Number Percest Number Percent Total Numbe r 31 1.241 2.'0 536 0.9 ~139 0.2
- Pereose unde r 18 years old........ 62.445 1.916 SEX , .
0.3
.t 3.4 658 2.1 133. 10 83 Male.................................... 31.898 1.075 02 842 28 583 39 2J3 0.7 56 Female.................................. 30.547 RACE AND SPANISH ORIC1H 3.1 1,002 2.0 437 0.9 121 0.2 Wh1te................................... 50.765 1.560 0.2 9.496 319 3.4 208 2.2 92- 10 19 B1ack................................... 1.6 - - 22 0.4 Spa al s h o r i g i 8s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.943 tot 2.0 80 ACE
!!8 11 8 0.1 10 0.1 10.953 136 1.2 0 to 2 yesta............................
218 2.1 176 - 1.7 .27 0.3 15 0.1 3 to 5 yeare............................ 10.522 0.9 34 0.3 12.893 443 3.4 287 2.2 122 6 to 9 years............................
699 4.0 - 418 24- 240 1.4 41 02 10 to 14 yeare.......................... 17.275 1.3 40 0.4 10.#02 420 3.9 242 2.2 138 15 to 17 years..........................
A8!LITY TO ATTEND RECU!.AR SCHOOL 18 433 0.7 83 0.1 62.194 1.666 2.7 1.150 Does attend or will attesd..............
251 100.0 91 36.3 103 41.0 56 22.3 Cas not attend or will sot attend....... 251 MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME 4.5 249 31 80 1.0 37 0.5 8.069 366 0.3 Under 5600.............................. 3.7 181 2.0 123 1.3 31 9,177 336 5600 to 48.199 ......................... 13.628 329 24 191 1.4 109 0.8 28 0.2 31.200 to $1.999........................ 321 2.1 106 07 32 0.2 15.035 460 3.1
$2.000 to $2.999........................ 1.8 118 0.7 11 0.1 16.537 426 2.6 298 33.000 and over.........................
LIVING ARRANGEMENTS 1.8 305 0.6 100 0.2 47.225 1.237 2.6 831
. In ma r r ied. couple f anit y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
la family with female householder. so 45 386 2.0 196 1.4 36 0.3 13.755 618 husbasd presest........................
HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE 853 1.9 327- 0.7 98 02 44.110 1.277 2.9 Covered by private health insurance..... 5.3 309 3.9 90 1.1 28 03 Cove r ed by Medic aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.004 426 i Porseas of Spasleh origis may be of any race.
4 f
I t
l':
r 4
- e ITcbie 7.'Distributiofi cf Childt
- n, by Dis:bility St:tus '
~
33'
? (Persons under 18 years. Numbers in thousands. For meaning of symbols, see tout)
. With a !!altation 1
Bot h
? Characteristic: Mental or physical and Physical.- emotional mental or' .
No Total Total - osly only emotional limitation rereone under 18 years..;'..... 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 .100.0 SEX -
'Eale..........................
. $1 1 $6.1 53.0 62.1 59.7 50.9 Female........................ 48.9 43 9 47.0 37.9 40.3 49.I' RACE AND SPANISH OR!CIN.
White......................... 41.3 81.4 80.7 81.5 - 87.1 81.3 '
Black......................... 15.2 .16.6 16.8 17.2 13.7 15.2:
spanish otigint............... 7.9 5.3 6.4 -
15.8' 8.0 ,
AGE
'0 to 2 years.................. 17.5 7.1 9.5 ' l.5 7.2 17.9 3 to 5 yeare.................. 16.9 !!.41 14.2 5.0 10.8- 17.0 6 to 9 yeare.................. - 20.6 i , 23.1 23 1 22.8 24.5 20.6 10 to 14 years................ 27.7 36.5 33.7 44.8 29.5 27.4 15 to 17 yeare................ 17.3 21.9 10.5 25.7 28.8 . 3 7.2 '
A81LITY TO ATTEND RECUI.AR SCHOOL-Does attend nr will attend.... 99 6 '87.0 92.7 80.8 59.7' (X)
. Can not attend or will not attend....................... 0.4 ~ 13.1 7.3 19.2 40.3 41)
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME Ond e r $ 600. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 1 19.1 20.1 14.9 26.6 ~ 12.7
$600 to $1.199................ 14.7 17.5 14.6 22 9 22.3 14.6 51.200 to 31.199.............. 21 8 17.2 l5.4 20.3 20.1 '22.0
$2,000 to 52.999.............. 24.1 24.0 25.9 19.8 23.0 24.1
$3.000 and over....'........... 26.5 22.2 24 0 22.0 7.9 '26.6 LIVING ARRANGEMENT In married-couple f am11y...... 75.6 64.6 67.0 56.9 71.9 76.0 In family with female householder. no husband 22.0 32 3 31.1 .36.6 25.9 21.7 present......................
HEALTM INSURANCE COVERAGE Covered by private health 1seurance.................... 70.6 66.6 68.7 61.0 70.5 70.8
. Cove r ed by Medic aid . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 22.2 24.9 16.8 20.1 12.5 8 Persons of Spanish origin may be of any race.
I
l-e, i ., .
i34;
- Table 8. Conditions Mainly Responsiblef or theNeed for Personal Assistance
)
(Perseas 45 years esd over. Numbers *ls thousands. For mesejsg of Needs eyebels, see test ass!stasco with housework or, Needs assistance getting around mest preparation l ~.[ Percent Percent ' distribution Number.
- Number distribution 100 0.-
100.0 6.467-3,743 Tota!.....................I........ 14.9 'J.066 16.5-10.7 557 6fi5 9.6 Arthrit'd or theumatise................. 361 3.6 295
- 4.6 Back or splae problems.................. 134 1.5 1.3 22P Bitsdness or poor vistos................ 125 0.4 2.6 Cancer.................................. 14
' 3.1 169-13.5'
, Des t men; or pou r he ari ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 874 -
10.2 0.2 Diabetes...'............................. 382 0.6 13 1.8 He a r t t r oubl e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 119 nors1a.................................. 41 1.1 68 . 11 High bl ood pr ess ure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 2.2 6.4 4.0 417 Kidney problems......................... 149 90 1.4 ase pt r a tor y probleans . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 25 0.7 3.5 22 229 Mestal 111aes4.......................... 81 1.2 92 14-Mental retardation...................... . 45 55 0.9 '
Missing limbs or entreetties............ 24 06 2.9 4.2 . 187 Nervoue or sectional problems........... 156 202 31
. P a r al y s l e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 3.6 sentlity or Altheleer's disease......... 199 31
. Stiffsese or deforetty of limbs- 118 3.2 .07 47 0.4 6.8 -
or estreel 1ee......................... 15 438 Stomach trouble......................... 400 10.7 15 0.2 Stroke.................................. '.
37 0.6 1.3
' Thyroid trouble............'............. 47 19.0 933 14.4 Tumor or growth......................... 713
' Other or not reported...................
[
I
-'~L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
e 35 Table 9. C:nditions M: Inly R:sponsible frr WIrk Disibility (Persons 16 to 72 years. Numbers in thousands. For meaning of symbols, see text)
With a work disability con,t,,,, Able to work Able to work, Totai fuli time not fuit ti.e Not abre to work Percent Percent Percent Percent distri- distri-
- distrl-Numbe r bution Number bution distri-Num be r bution Number button Total............ .................. 23,514 e 100.0 8.075 100.0 3,478 100.0 11,960 100.n Ar t hri t l e o r rhe uma t i sm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.722 11.6 Back of spine prontems..................
676 8.4 507 14.6 1,538 12.9 4.472 19.0 2.087 25.8 627 811 sd ne ss or poor vision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 18.0 1.759 14.7 Cancer.......... 29 223 2.8 74 2.1
...................... 469 38 5 3.2 De s t nes s or poo r hea r i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 70 0.9 104 30 359 15 295 2.5 249 3.1 D1 a be t e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 51 1.5 59 0.5 3.4 245 3.0 Heart trouble.......................... 3.568 15 2 922 II.4 79 544 2.3 442 4.0 Hernia................. ............... 254 15.6 2.102 17.6 1.1 109 1.3 H!gh blood pressure....... ........ .... 977 42 276 21 0.6 123 1.0 Kidney problems..............,. 3.4 212 6.! 489
.., .... 236 1.0 93 4.1 Respiratory problema.................... 1.2 48 I.703 7.2 653 8.1
!.4 96 0.8
% ental !!!nese.......................... 4 34 1.8 61 0.8 252 45 7.2 797 6.7 Mastal retardation... .................. 605 2.6 169 2.1 56 1.3 329 2.8 Mis sI ng l imbs or ent remi t ies . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 0.8
!.6 380 3.2 99 1.2 nervous or emotional problems........... 6*0 16 0.5 71 0.6 2.7 129 1.6 117 raralysis. ............................. 312 3.4 394 3.3 Senili ty or Al zheime r 's di sease. . . . . .. . .
13 64 0.8 35 1.0 214 1.8 64 0.3 8 0.1 stif fness or deformity of 11mbs 0 0.0 56 0.5 or extreelties......................... l.062 45 50 5 6.3 198 5.7 scomach trouble.. ...................... 366 1.6 115 1.4 56 360 3.0 Stroke......... ........................ 565 1.6 195 1.6 2.4 59 0.7 0.9 Thyroid trouble................ ........ 36 0.2 13 0.2 33 0
473 4.0 Tamo r or g r owt h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 0.5 0.0 23 0.2 Other or not r e po r t e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51 0.6 5 0.1 72 0.6 2.868 12.2 1.201 14.9 399 11.5 1.268 10.6 i
m__ -~ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ - _ _
. ~,
o 30J Table 10. Health Insurance Coverage Status: Monthly Average, First Quart:r 1984 Thrzugh Fcurth Quarter 1985 .
(Numbers in thousands) 1985:1. 1985:2 1985:3 19854 79841 1984:2 1984:3 198414 Characteristic TOTAL l 232,871 233,445 233.973 214.484 214.925 235.520 231.863 232.343 Tota 1...............................
Age 55,346 55,549 55.528 55.548 55.612 55.180 55.251 55.333 34,736 34.596 Less tRan 16 years..................
35,39t- 35,077 34,924 36,020 35,783 35.510 41,254 41.163 16 to 24 years..........................
40,350 40,537 40.709 40.761 41.052 40.168 31.774 32.133 -
25 to la years..........................
36,020 30.360 30,712 30,970 3l.210 31.552 22, 59 35 to 44 years.......................... 22.309 22.429 22,373 22.407 22,215 22.160 22.214 22,135 22.135
-45 to 54 years..........................
22.12) 22,140 22,133 22.059 22.160 22.146 55 to 64 years.......................... 26,788 26.909 27.J 70 27.222 26,180 26,299 26.432 26.660 65 years and over.......................
Race and Spanish Origin 198,438 199,095 199,355 199,552 - 200.083 197.373 197,611 197.86) 28,410 28,496 White................................... 27,991 28,131 28.211 28,302 27.831 27.910 14.299 14. ! ? 5 ~
81ack................................... 13,539 13.475 13.599 14.083 14.262 13,712 Spantah origin 8....... .................
COVERED BY PRIVATE OR COVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE 202,107 202,804 201.079 203.146 204.235 200.l!3 201,902 201,649 Total..............................
Age 46,918 47,066 46,714 46.996 46.675 46,459 46.483 Le s s t han 16 y ea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.333 27,791 27.017 21.034 27.207 28,265 28.321 27,811 27.510 34,577 16 to 24 years.......................... 34,180 34,187 34,495 34.496 33.456 33,931 34.060 28.649 2 5 t o 34 ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,275 27.483 27,727 28,120 28.235 26.528 26,489 20,050 20.186 35 to 44 years..........................
19,823 19.928 19,851 19,866 20.007 l9.91) 4 5 t o 54 y ea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,800 19,631 19.699 19.582 19,677 19,900 19,925 19.796 27,068 55 to 64 years.......................... 26.528 26,655 26.757 26.921 26.030 26,152 26.269 65 years and over.......................
Race and Spanish Origin 174,239- 174,619 174.85l 174.491 175.243 ,
172.449 173,570 l73.406 22.111 22,995 1
White................................... 22,747 22,512 22.134 22.507 22.467 22.301 10,631 10.419 10,153 81ack................................... 10.020 10,054 10.504 10.191 10.173 I Spanish origin'......................... r COVERED BY FRIVATE HEALTM INSURANCE 178.719 179.257 178,864 180 / 89 174,607 176,857 177,061 177.418 Total..............................
Age 39.700 39.068 19.348 34,991 39,061 39,069 39.569 years...................... 38.493 24.517 24.242 24.449 Less than 16 25,339 24,880 24.931 24.870 16 to 24 years, ........................ 25.257 it,619 31.906 31.965 32.376 31,249 31,513 31.651 26.800 2 5 t o 34 yea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.743 25.972 26.397 26,508 24.735 25,1A1 25,506 25.691 18.906 35 to 44 years....................... ..
18,543 18.487 18.629 18.599 14.720 18.422 18,519 18.004 4 5 t o 54 y ea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,434 l8.228 18.256 18.161 18.064 18.266 18,458 20,280 20.506 55 to 64 years.......................... 19,120 19,124 19.360 19.803 19.978 18,692 65 years and over............... .......
Race and Spanish Origin 158.221 158.894 (58.271 159.336 155,179 156.870 157,001 157.722 15,749 15.884 Wh1te................................... 15.267 15,852 15.652 15.285 15.667 15.544 8,147 7.860 7.824 81ack................................... 7,6 37 7.604 7.580 7,940 7,582 Spanish or1gint.........................
COVERED ST FRIVATE HEALTH INSITRANCE RELATED TO FAST OR CURAgNT EMPLOYMENT OF SELF OR OTHER FAMILY MEM8ER 147,086 144,321 145.143 146,327 146.371 142.472 144,470 144.320 Tota 1..............................
Age 34,483 34.600 34,062 34.581 34,886 33.788 33,987 33.920 19.081 19.028 Les s t han 16 yea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,987 19,618 19.435 19.321 19,811 19.685 29,066 29.147 16 to 24 years......................... .
28,179 28,415 28.431 28.717 27.699 28.280 24.013 24,407 25 to 34 years...... .................. 23,157 23.391 23.961 22.478 22,844 22.919 16.426 L6,568 3 5 t o 44 y e a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.240 16,296 16.253 16.097 16,389 16.372 14,609 14,627 14.641 4 5 to 54 y ea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,665 14,698 14.629 14.855 14.870 8,675 8,695 55 to 64 years.................... ....
8.164 8.311 8.580
. 7,970 8.231 8.275 65 years and o2se......................
Race and Spanish Origin 129.913 127,997 128.375 129.381 129.267 126.687 128,180 127.877 13,022 13.096 13,151 W hi t e . . . . . . . . . ........................ .
12.420 12.623 12,669 12.570 12.979 7.020 6.990 6,645 6.980 7.208 81ack.................................. . 6,560 6.64# 6.595
' S panis h or i gin .8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
e 37 Table 10. Health insurance Coverage Status: Monthly Average, First Quarter 1984 Through Fourth Quarter 1985-Continued (Numbers in thousands)
Cha racte ristic 19841 198422 1984:3 1984t4 1985:1 1485:2 1985 3 198514
- PERCENT COVERED BY PRIVATE OR GOVERNMENT MEALTH INSURANCE Totat............................... 46.1 86.9 86.6 86.6 86.7 86.6 86 .5 86.7 A4; Less than 16 years..................... 44.0 16 to 24 years.......................... 94.5 84.0 #4.0 84.5 78.5 84.8 84.1 84.5 25 to 34 years.......................... 19.2 78.1 78.5 78.a 83.3 84.1 77.5 77.6 78.6 35 to 44 years.......................... 84.0 84.0 83.9 84.0 88.5 88.9 88.8 83.6 83.6 45 to 54 years...................... ... 88.7 88.8 89.1 88.9 89.2 89.9 89.4 89.0 89 1 55 to 64 years.......................... 48.9 89.2 89.1 89.5 89.9 89.9 90.0 65 yeare and over.... ..... ............ 99.4 99.4 99.4 89.7 99.4 88.6 89 0 88.5 99.5 99.5 99.4 99.4 99.4 Race and Spanish origin White.................................. 87.4 8i.4 87.6 8*.8 87.7 87.7 Black.................... ........ .... 89.6 9/.4 87.6 Spanish origin 8.............. ... . .... 41.5 80.4 78.7 79.8 74.1 19.4 79.9 80.7 75.I 74.4 73.9 74.6 74.5 ?2.9 73.0 PERCENT COVERED RT PRIVATE HEALTH [NSURANCE Tota!........................ ...... 75.3 76 . 1 76.0 76.0 76.4 75.4 76.1 76.5 Age Less than 16 years...................... i 69.8 70.0 70.6 70 6 16 to 24 years................ ......... 70.L 71.2 71.5 10.3 70.8 70.M 70.1 70.4 70.9 2 5 t o 14 yea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 70.2 69 4 10.7 17.4 77.7 77.7 77.6 35to44 years......................... 92.5 77.7 77.5 77.5 H2.9 83.0 83.0 43.2 4 5 t o 54 y ea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 83.7 83.4 83.4 93.6 83.5 82.9 83.l 55 to 64 years...... ...................
82.6 83.1 83.5 84.2 65 years and over..
8h4 83.3 82.6 82.4 82.0
............... ... 71.4 72.7 81.6 81.3 72.4 72.6 73.9 7e.2 74.9 75.3 Race and Spanish Origin wh* te. .............................. ..
7H.6 79.4 79.3 79.5 Blaca....... ........................ . 79.5 79.7 19.3 79.6 54.9 56.1 55.5 54.3
$panish ortgtn'. ............ ........ . 56.2 55.3 55.4 55.7-55.1 50.. 56 .4 55.7 56.4 57.1 55.0 55.2 PttcENT COVERED BY PRIVATE HEALTH
[950RANCE RFLATED TO P4ST OR CURMENT 8.9PLOYMEMI of SELF OR OTHER FAMILY ME98tR total............................. 61.4 62.2 62.0 61.8 62.0 62.4 62.3 62.5 Age Le s s t han t h ye a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 1 16 to 24 years..... .................... al.5 61.3 61.5 62.3 62.8 62.1 55,0 55.9 55.4 35.4 62.2 '
2 5 to 34 yea r s . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 55.4 55.3 54.9 55.0 69.0 69.8 69.8 69.8 69.8 3 4 t 2 4 4 ye a rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.5 10.5 15.0 75.2 74.6 74.8 74.9
. ) t o 54 y e a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 75.6 76.0 72.5 74 .0 73.7 i) to e4 years.......................... 66.1 72.8 72.7 72.6 73.3 73.8 67 1 67.2 66.5 66 3 66.0 4 % ye a r s a nd ov e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 66.1 10 . 4 31.3 31.3 30.6 31.0 31.9 32.0 11.9 ]
Race and Spanish Origin Wht te . . . . . . ..... ..................... 64.t 64.4 64 .6 64.5 Blaci...................................
58aitsh ori g tn ' . . . . . ..................
44.6 45.2 45.3 44.7 64.5 46.0 64.9 46.0 64.8 46.1 64.9 1 47.8 49.t 46.2 48.9 48.9 49.6 50.5 49.! 49.3
' Persons of Spantsh ortgtn may be of any race.
i
.% ~ w...- -- - - '- - '
-==%
39 Appendix A. Overview of the SIPP Program F
BACKGROUND of the questionnaire for the first interview was similar in struc-ture to that used in the 1979 ISDP panel study with two The Survey of income and Program Participation (SIPP) pro- important exceptions. First, the reference period for the ques-vides a major expansion in the kind and amount of informa-tions was extended from 3 months to 4 months in order to tion available to analyze the economic situation of households reduce the number of interviews and, therefore, lower costs.
and persons in the United States. The information supplied Second, the questions covering labor force activity were by this survey is expected to provide a better understanding expanded in order to provide estimates that were closer, on of the level and changes in the level of well-being of the a conceptual basis, to those derived from the Current Popula-population and of how econamic situations are related to the tion Survey (CPS). The design also incorporated a number of demographic and social characteristics of individuals. The data ther modifications resulting from experience with the 1979 collected in SIPP will be especially usefulin studying Federal pilot study, transfer programs, estimating program cost and effectiveness, and assessing the effect of proposed changes in program SURVEY CONTENT regulations and benefit levels. Analysis of other important na-tional issues, such as tax reform, Social Security program costs, and national health insurance can be expanded and There are three basic elements contained in the overall design of the survey content. The first is a control card that refined, based on the information from this new survey, serves several important functions. The control card is used The first interviews in the SIPP took place in October 1983, to record basic social and demographic characteristics for darly 8 years after the research and developmental phase, each person in the household at the time of the initial inter-the income Survey Development Program (ISDPh was initiated by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, view. Because households are interviewed a total of eight or nine times, the card is also used to record changes in in 1975. Between 1975 and 1980 extensive research was characteristics such as age, educational attainment, and undertaken to design and test new procedures for collecting marital status, and to record the dates when persons enter income and related socioeconomic data on a subannual basisor leave the household. Finally, during each interview, infor-in a longitudinal framework. Much of the work centered around four experimental field tests that were conducted in mation on each source of income received and the name of each job or business is transcribed to the card so that this collaboration with the Bureau of the Census to examine dif.
ferent concepts, procedures, questionnaires, and recall information can be used in the updating process in subsequent interviews.
ptnods. Two of the tests were restricted to a small number The second major element of the survey content is the core of geographic sites; the other two were nationwide. In the first portion of the questionnaire. The core questions are repeated nationwide test, the 1978 Research Panel, approximately at each interview and cover labor force activity, the types and 2.000 households were interviewed. Because of the relative- amounts of income received during the 4 month reference ly small number of interviews, controlled experimental com-period, and participation status in various programs. Some of pansons of alternatives were not possible; however, the panel did demonstrate that many new ideas and methods were the important elements of labor force activity are re-corded separately for each week of the period, Income reci-feasible, it also laid a foundation for the largest and most com-piency and amounts are recorded on a monthly basis with the Dieu test: the 1979 Research Panel. This panel consisted of exception of amounts of property income tinterest, dividends, a nationally representative sample of 8,200 households and rent, etc.) Data for these types are recorded as totals for the Drovided a vehicle for feasibility tests and controlled ex-penments of alternative design features, 4-month period. The core also contains questions covering attendance in postsecondary schools, private health insurance in the fall of 1981, virtually all funding for ISDP research and planning of the continuing SIPP program was deleted from coverage, public or subsidized rental housing, low income ;
the budget of the Social Security Administration The loss of energy assistance, and school breakfast and lunch '
participation, funding for fiscal year 1982 brought all work on the new The third major element is the various supplements or Survey to a halt. In fiscal year 1983 however money for topical modules that will be included during selected t
'n'tiation of he new survey Was allotted in the budget of the household visits. The topical modules cover areas that need Bureau of the Census. Work began almost immediately in not be examined every 4 months. Certain of these topical D'eparation for the survey start in October 1983 The design .
modules are considered to be so important that they are
e 40 1
1 vi@wed as an integral part of the averall survey. Other topical measure change by lowenng the standard errors on dif ferences modules have more specific and more limited purposes. No between estimates for two points in time. !
topical modules were included in the first or second waves {
of SIPP during the first year of the survey. (See the following SURVEY OPERATIONS szction on sample design and table A 1 for a definition of the {
~
t rm " wave.") The third wave topical module covered (1) Data collection operations are managed through the Cen-educational attainment, (2) work history, and (3) health sus Bureau's 12 ; permanent regional offices. A staf f of inter- !
charactehstics (including disability), The fourth wave topical viewers assigned to SIPP conduct interviews by personal visit module covered (1) assets and liabilities, (2) pension plan each month with most interviewing completed during the first 2 weeks of that month. Completed questionnaires are coverage, and (3) housing characteristics. The fifth wave topical module covered (1) child care, (2) child support transmitted to the regional offices where they undergo an extensive clerical edit before being entered into the Bureau's agreements, (3) support for nonhousehold members, (4) pro-SIPP data processing system. Upon entering this processing gram participation history, and (5) reasons for not working.
The sixth wave topical module covered (1) calendar year system the data are subjected to a detailed computer edit.
income and benefits, (2) taxes, and (3) education and train. Errors identified in this phase are corrected and computer processing continues.
ing. The seventh wave topical module updated information Two of the major steps of computer processing are the collected in the fourth wave, and the eighth wave topical module covered (1) support for nonhousehold members, (2) assignment of weights to each sample person and imputa-tion for missing survey responses. The weighting procedures mantal history, (3) migration history, and (4) fertility. The ninth assure that SIPP estimates of the number of persons agree Wive topical module collected data on (1) calendar year in-with independent estimates of the population within specified come and benefits, (2) taxes, and (3) school enrollment and age, race, and sex categories. The procedures also assure close financing.
correspondence with monthly CPS estimates of households.
In almost all cases, a survey nonresponse is assigned a value SAMPLE DESIGN in the imputation phase of processing. The imputation for missing responses is based on procedures generally referred The SIPP sample design for the 1984 panel consists of to as the " hot deck" approach. This approach assigns values about 26,000 housing units selected to represent the for nontesponses from sample persons who did provide noninstitutional population of the United States. (See apper,- responses and who have characteristics similar to those of dix C for more details on the procedures used to select the the nonrespondents.
sample.) About 20,900 of these were occupied and eligible The longitudinal design of SIPP dictates that all persons 15 for interview. Table A 1 shows the sample design for the first years old and over present as household members at the time panel of SIPP. Each household in the sample was scheduled of the first interview be part of the survey throughout the to be interviewed at 4-month intervals over a period of 2% entire 2 % year-period. To meet this goal the survey collects years beginning in October 1983. The reference period for the information useful in locating persons who move. In addition, questions is the 4-month period preceding the interview. For field procedures were established that allow for the transfer example, households interviewed in October 1983 were ask- of sample cases between regional offices. Persons moving sd questions for the months June, July, August, and within a 100-mile radius of an onginal sampling area 01 coun-Srptember. This household was interviewed again in February ty or group of counties) are followed and continue with the 1984 for the October through January perMd. The sample normal personalinterviews at 4-month intervals. Those mov-households within a given panel are divided into four sub- ing to a new residence that falls outside the 100-mile radius samples of nearly equal siza These subsamples are called rota- of any SIPP sampling area are interviewed by telephone. The tion groups and one rotation group is interviewed each month. geographic areas defined by these rules contain more than in general, one cycle of four interviews covering the entire 95 percent of the U.S. population, sample, using the same questionnaire, is called a wave. This Because most types of analysis using SIPP data will be design was chosen because it provides a smooth and steady dependent not on data for individuals but on groups of in-work load for data collection and processing. dividuals (households, families, etc.), provisions were made New panels of smaller size were introduced in February to interview all "new" persons living with original sample 1985 and 1986 and a new panelis scheduled to be introduc- persons (those interviewed in the first wave). These new ed in February of 1987. This overlapping design provides a sample persons entering the survey through contact with larger sample size from which cross sectional estimates can original sample persons are considered as part of the sample be made. The overlap also enhances the survey's ability to only while residing with the original sample person.
L f &
L 41 i
Appendix B. Definitions and Explanations Population coverage. The estimates in this report are restricted to the civilian, noninstitutional population of the United States Nonfamily households. A nonfamily hou,,ehold is a household and members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their maintained by a person living alone or with nonrelatives only.
families on post. The estimates exclude group quarters. Race. The population is divided into three groups on the basis ofrace: 4 x , Black, and "other races." The last category in-Householder. Survey procedures call for listing first the per- cludes American Indians, Asian / Pacific Islanders, and any son (or one of the persons)in whose name the home is owned er race m@ We and Bad or rented as of the interview date. If the house is owned jointly by a married couple, either the husband or the wife may be Persons of Hispanic or Spanish origin. Persons of Hispanic or listed first, thereby becoming the reference person, or Spanish origin were determined on the basis of a question that householder, to whom the relationship of the other household asked for self-identification of the person's origin or descent, members is recorded. One person in each household is Respondents were asked to select their origin (or the origin designated as the of some other household member) from a " flash card" listing "h ous e holder." The number of householders, therefore, is equal to the number of households- ethnic origins. Persons of Hispanic or Spanish origin, in par-ticular, were those who indicated that their origin was Mex.
Household. A household consists of all persons who occupy ican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other group of rooms, some other Spanish origin. It should be noted that persons or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when it is oc- of Spanish origin may be of any race.
cupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters; Monthly income. The monthly income estimates shown in this that is, when the occupants do not live and eat with any other report for households are based on the sum of the monthly persons in the structure and there is either (1) direct access income received by each member of the household age 15 from the outside or through a common hall or (2) a kitchen years old or over at the date of interview.
or cooking equipment for the exclusive use of the occupants.
For this report, the household composition was deter- With a job. Persons are classified as "with a job" during the mined as of the interview date. A household includes the period if, during the four-month reference period, either (al related f amily members and all the unrelated persons, if any, worked as paid employees or worked in their own business such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who or profession or on their own farm or worked without pay in share the housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit a family business or farm or (b) were temporarily absent from or a group of unrelated persons sharing a housing unit as part- work either with or without pay.
ners is also counted as a household. The count of households Looking for work, Persons who " looked for work" during the excludes group quarters. Examples of group quarters include rooming and boarding houses, college dormitories, and con- entire period are those who (a) were without a job durir'g at vents and monasteries. least 1 week during the four-month reference period, (b) tried to get work or establish a business or profession and (c) were available to accept a job.
Family. A family is a group of two or more persons (one of whom as the householder) related by blood, marriage, or adop- "
yoff" means release from a tion and residing together; all such persons (including related job because of slack work, material shortages, inventory subfamily members) are considered members of one family. taking, plant remodeling, installation of machinery, or other similar reasons; the released workers anticipate recall at some Family household A family household is a household main- * '*
tained by a family; any unrelated persons (unrelated subfamily members and/or secondary individuals! who may be residing With labor force activity. The term "with labor force there are included. The number of family households is equalactivity" as used in this report includes all persons with a job l to the number of famihes. The count of family household (as defined above) and those looking for work or on layoff from members differs from the count of family members, however, a job for at least 1 week during the four month reference in that the family household members include all persons livin9 period. Conversely, those persons "with no labor force in the household, whereas family members include only theactivity" had no job, were not on layof f from a job and made (
householder and his/her relatives. no effort to find a job during the entire four month reference period (
1 i l
)
43 )
l 1
Appendix C. Source and Reliability of Estimates j 1
l SOURCE OF DATA Some respondents do not respond to some of the questions.
Therefore, the overall no9 response rate for some items such The data were collected during the third wave of the 1984 as income and other money related items is higher than the panel of the Survey of income and Program Participatic nonresponse rates in table C 1.
(SIPP). The SIPP universe is the noninstitutionalized resSent population of persons 15 years and older living in the Una 4 Estimation. The estimation procedure used to derive SIPP per.
States? However, information collected from persons liviri son weights involved several stages of weight adjustments. I in group quarters is not included in this report. in the first wave, each person received a base weight equal The 1984 panel SIPP sample is located in 174 areas com- to the inverse of his/her probability of selection. For each i prising 450 counties (including one partial county) and in- subsequent interview, each person received a base weight that dependent cities. Within these areas, the bulk of the sample accounted for following movers.
consisted of clusters of 2 to 4 living quarters (LQ's), A noninterview adjustment factor was applied to the weight !
systematically selected from lists of addresses prepared for of every occupant of interviewed households to account for the 1970 decennial census. The sample was updated to reflect households which were eligible for the sample but were not 3
new construction, interviewed. (Individual nonresponse within partially inter-Approximately 26,000 living quarters were designated for viewed households was treated with imputation. No special the sample. For Wave 1, interviews were obtained from the adjustment was made for noninterviews in group quarters.)
occupants of about 19,900 of the designated living quarters. A factor was applied to each interviewed person's weight to Most of the remaining 6,100 living quarters were found to be j account for the SIPP sample areas not having the same vacant, demolished, converted to nonresidential use, or other- population distribution as the strata from which they were wise ineligible for the survey. However, approximately 1,000 selected.
of the 6,100 living quarters were not interviewed because the An additional stage of adjustment to persons' weights was occupants refused to be Mterviewed, could not be found at performed to bring the sample, estimates into agreement with home, were temporanly absent, or were otherwise unavailable. independent monthly estimates of the civilian (and some Thus, occupants of about 95 percent of all eligible living military) noninstitutional population of the United States by quarters participated in Wave 1 of the survey. age, race, and sex. These independent estimates were based For the subsequent waves, only original sample persons on statistics from the 1980 Census of Population; statistics (those interviewed in the first wave) and persons living with .on births, deaths, immigration, and emigration; and statistics them were eligible to be interviewed. With certain restrictions, on the strength of the Armed Forces. To increase accuracy, original sample persons were to be followed even if they weights were further adjusted in such a manner that SIPP moved to a new address. All noninterviewed households from sample estimates would closely agree with special Current Wave 1 were automatically d6signated as noninterviews for Population Survey (CPS) estimates by type of householder all subsequent waves. When original sample persons moved (married, single with relatives or single without relatives by without leaving forwarding addresses or moved to extremely sex and race) and relationship to householder (spouse or remote parts of the country, additional noninterviews resulted. other).8 The estimation procedure for the data in the report Noninterviews. Tabulations in this report were drawr, from in-
. also involved an adjustment so that the husband and wife of terviews conducted from May 'hrough August 1984. Table C 1 a household received the same weight.
summarizes information on nonresponse for the interview months in which the data used to produce this report were RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES collected. I SIPP estimates in this report are based on a sample; they I
'The noninstitutionahred resident population includes persons hving in may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been group quarters. such as dormitories, rooming houses. and rekgious group obtained if a complete census had been taken using the same dweihngs. Crew members of merchant vessels. Armed Forces personnel hving in mahtary barracks. and institutionahted persons. such as correc. Questionnaire, instructions, and enumerators. There are two l tional f acihty inmates and nursing home residents. Were not ehgeble to i be in the survey Also. United States citizens residing abroad were not shgible to be in the survey With these Quahfecations, persons who were 8these special CPS estimates are shghtly different from the pubkshed f y
at least 15 years of age at the time of interview were ehgible to be monthly CPS estimates The d!fferences arise from forcing counts of interviewed, husbands to agree with counts of wives.
t
)
n -
~ . - . _ . __ -
Z_
j e
l 44 l I
and using the same sample design, and if an estimate and typ:s of errors possihIe in an estimate based on a sample its standard error were calculated from each sample, then:
surv;y: nonsampling and sampling. We are able to provide catimates of the magnitude of SIPP sampling error, but this 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one stand-is not true of nonsampling error. Found below are descriptions ard error below the estimate to one standard error above of sources of SIPP nonsampling error, followed by a discus- the estimate would include the average result of all possi-sion of sampling error, its estimation, and its use in data ble samples.
Enalysis.
- 2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6 stand.
Nonsampling variability. Nonsampling errors can be attributed ard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors above to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all the estimate would inc'ude the average result of all possi-cases in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the ble samples.
interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness on the p:rt of the respondents to provide correct information, inability 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two stand-to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recor- ard errors below the estimate to two standard errors above ding or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, the estimate would include the average result of all possi-errors made in estimating values for missing data, biases ble samples.
resulting from the differing recall periods caused by the rota-tion pattem and failure to represent all units within the The average estimate derived from all possible samples is universe (undercoverage). Quality control and edit procedures or is not contained in any particular computed interval, wire used to redure errors made by respondents, coders and However, for a particular sample, one can say with a specified interviewers. confidence that the average estimate derived from all possi-Undercoverage in SIPP results from missed living quarters ble samples is included in the confidence interval.
and missed persuns within sample households. It is known Standard errors may also be used for hypothesis testing, that undercoverage varies with age, race, and sex. Generally, a procedure for distinguishing between population parameters undercoverage is larger for Nes than for females and larger using sample estimates. The most common types of for blacks than for nunblaw Ratio estimation to indepen- hypotheses tested are 1) the population parameters are iden.
dint age-race-sex population controls partially corrects for thetical versus 2) they are different. Tests may be performed at bias due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in various levels of significance, where a level of significance is the estimates to the extent that persons in missed households the probability of concluding that the parameters are different or missed persons in interviewed households have different when, in fact, they are identical.
characteristics than the interviewed persons in the same age- All statements of comparison in the report have passed a race-sex group. Further, the independent population controlshypothesis test at the 0.10 level of significance or better, and used have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the decen- most have passed a hypothesis test at the 0.05 level of nial census. significance or better. This means that, for most differences The Bureau has used complex techniques to adjust the cited in the report, the estimated absolute dif ference between weights for nonresponse, but the success of these techniques parameters is greater than twice the standard error of the dif-in avoiding bias is unknown. forence. If other differences have been mentioned, the estimated absolute difference between parameters is between Comparability with other statiotics. Caution should be 1.6 and 2.0 times the standard enor of the difference, in such exercised when comparing data from this report with data a case, the statement of comparison is qualified in some way from earlier SIPP publications or with data from other surveys, l
(e.g., by use of the phrase "some evidence"L 3 The comparability problems are caused by the seasonal patterns for many characteristics and by different nonsampling Note when using small estimates. Summary measures (such errors. as percent distributions) are shown in the report only when the base is 200,000 or greater. Because of the large standard Sampling variability. Standard errors indicate the magnitude g of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect g
of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration, but do not measure any systematic biases in the daw. The stand- ]"~ [
ard errors for the most part measure the variations that utztble viewed viewca rate UJ occurred by chance because a sample rather than the entire g, g, g
,, ti population was surveyed.
won aan 700
.3 w .c w ., .......
[
The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to l"L f g "**, [ j"l '[
7 f
construct confidence intervals, ranges that would include the average result of all possible samples with a known probability.
For example. if all possible samples were selected, eachintounava jQZg"di"A"',j,j",7]"M["[
of M eh ryyyynn00M @G 00% conditions numhvr..
~ ~ ~ l
< i e
45 i.
Table C.2. Standard Errors ~
of Estimated Numbers and percentages. Because the actual variance behavior was of Persons M era h thousands) not identical for all statistics within a group, the standard errors computed from parameters provide an indication of the order size or standard size et standard estlante error estimate error of magnitude of the standard error for any specific statistic.
' For those users who wish further simplification, we have 20a................ D 30.000........ .. 721 also provided general standard errors in tables C 2 and C-3.
U$(([2C 1 . . 5 5 '. 2 U. ". l.0 Note that these standard errors must be adjusted by an "f" t.u00,............. 161 100.000.......... 1.062 factor from table C-4. The general standard errors presented
- C ' ". .' 2
. 0$ . $ .' . .' 2 ^. '
in tables C-2 and C 3 are less accurate. Methods for using s.000.............. 192 150.000.......... 1.02l these parameters and tables for computation of standard
, . 2 2 . . .S 4 1 [... a errors are given in the following sections.
15.w0............. 52. 200.*0.......... m 027...*.*.'
. .. 62 "'.$. . 6 Standard errors of estimated numbers. The approximate 26,an0............. 678 standard error, sx , of an estimated number of persons shown in this report can be obtained in two ways.
errors involved, there is little chance that summary measures would reveal usefulinformation when computed on a smaller it may be obtained by use of the formula l
base. Estimated numbers are shown. however, even though the relative standard errors of these numbers are larger than s = fs m those for the corresponding percentages. These smaller estimates are provided primarily to permit such combinations where f is the appropriate "f" factor from table C 4, and s of the categories as serve each user's needs. Also, care must is the standard error on the estimate obtained by interpola-be taken in the interpretation of small differences. For instance, tion from table C 2. Alternatively, sxmay be approximated by the formula in case of a borderline difference. even a small amount of non-sarnpling error can lead to a wrong decision about the hypotheses, thus distorting a seemingly valid hypothesis test. ,* 4 g ,g g Standard error parameters and tables and their use. To derive from which the standard errors in table C-2 were calculated.
standard errors that would be applicable to a wide variety of Use of this formula will provide more accurate results than statistics and could be prepared at a moderate cost. a number the use of formula 1 above. Here x is the size of the estimate of approximations were regnired. Most of the SIPP statistics and "a" and "b" are the parameters associated with the par-have greater variance than those obtained through a simple ticular type of characteristic being estimated.
random sample of the same size t)ecause clusters of living cuarters are sampled for SIPP. Two parameters (denoted "a" Illustration. SIPP estimates from text table A of this report and "b") were developed to calculate variances for each type show that there were 12.802,000 persons 15 years and older of characteristic, who experienced difficulty in seeing words and letters. The The "a" and "b" parameters vary by subgroup. Table C-4 appropriate "a" and "b" parameters and f-factor from table provides "a" and "b" parameters for characteristics of interest C-4 and the appropriate general standard error from table C-2 in this report. The "a" and "b" parameters may be used to directly calculate the standard error for estimated numbers a = .0000028, b = 8,031. f = 0.64, s = 490.000 Table C 3. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages of Persons Base of estLeated percentage linousands) > 1 or (.99 2 or 98 5 or 95 to or 90 25 or 75 50 M0............................. 3.1 4.4 6.9 9.5 13.7 15.8 100............................. 2.6 3.6 5.6 7.7 ll.2 12 9 6 % ........... ............... 1.8 2.6 4.0 5.5 7.9 9.1 1.WO....................... ... l.4 2.0 3.1 4.2 61 1.1 2.WO.... ...................... 1.0 1.4 2.2 ).0 i .W. ......................... 4.3 5.0 0.6 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.7 3.2 9.WG. ............u........... n.5 0.r 1.: 1.5 2.2 2.5 ll.M... ... ...... .......... 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.3 Ih h0............... 1.8 2.1
.......... 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.7 2.0 17#0 ... ................... 0.34 0.5 0.7 4
U M '...... 10 1.5 1.7
.................. 0.29 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 M M O...... ....... ..... .... 0.29 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2
- h. mio . . . o ......... .......... 1.4 0 26 0.4 0.6 h.W0 u....................... 0.8 1.1 1.3 j 0.20 n.1 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 N.*.o.. .. ...... ........ 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 l
! M J". .. 0.14 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 l
2,b.m*."....................
Mi' " o ..................
1.12 0.10 0.17 0.13 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 ;
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - _ - _ - -Y
C 7 - _m . .
I
.46- ;
1 in this formula, f is the appropriate "f" factor from table Table C-4. Generalized Variance Parameters for C-4 and s is the standard error on the estimate from table C 3.
SIPP Estimates Alternatively, it may be approximated by the formula
'a A raetor , , fp(goo.p) (4)
~
Pf.1 SONS from which the standard errors in table C 3 were calculated.
Use of this formula will give more accurate results than use
- "' 9 '* of formula 3 above. Here x is the size of the subclass of per-16+ progran participation sons which is the base of the percentage, p is the percen-
.......... -0.0000943 16.059 0.99 "soth ..
0.90 tage (0 <p(100), and b is the parameter associated with the M41 ......................' 10.0001984 16.059
-0.0001796 16.059 0.90 F4 mate....................;
i 16+ income and labor { litustration. Text table A shows that an estimated 7.1% of force ( m all persons 15 years and older had difficulty seeing words and be." I..S"2.l'.[ 2 5 rsma te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j -0.0000612 ' 5,4 n 5
0.52 letters. Using formula 3 with the "f" factor from table C-4 and the appropriate standard error from table C-3, the approx-8,031 0.64 Matth and disability (3).. . l -0.0000028 imate standard error is All others (5): 19,911 1.00 sot h sene s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j -0. 000086 f. t.oo m 1.......................i -0.00017s6 19.9 u sp = 0.64 x 0.2% = 0.13%
-0. 09016 7 2 19.911 1.00 rsma t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j Using formula 4 with the "b" parameter from table C-4, the steen (1) 1,61 approximate standard error is soth sexes................ -0.0002670 1.366
-0.0005731 1. 366 0.61 Mate......................
remate............ ....... -0.0004933 7,366 0.61 gg ~
Notei ror cros s-tabulation. , u . the parameter or che
'p " 180,987,000 charectoristic with the smatter number within the
- '**"""* Consequently, the 95-percent confidence interval using the standard error from formula 4 is from 6.8% to 7.4% as shown by the data, Using formula 1. the approximate standard error is s, = 0.64 x 490,000 = 314,000 Standard error of a difference. The standard error of a difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to Using formula 2, the approximate standard error is s(x.y) = s2 + s' (5) y W0000028) 112.802.000P + (8,031H12.802.0E03 = 320.000 where sxand s yare the standard errors of the estimates x
. Based on the standard error from formula 2, the 95-percent and y.
confidence interval as shown by the data is from 12,162,000 The estimates can be numbers, percents, ratios, etc. The to 13.442,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the average above formula assumes that the sample correlation coeffi-estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range cient, r, between the two estimates is zero. If f is really positive computed in this way would be correct for roughly 95 per- (negative), then this assumption willlead to overestimates csnt of all samples (underestimates) of the true standard error.
St!ndard errors of estimated percentages. The reliability of Illustration. Again using text table A,2.4% of persons 15 to
. an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for 64 years of age had a problem hearing normal conversation,
)
both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size while for those 65 and over the figure was 15.2%. The stand-of the percentage and the size of the total upon which the ard errors for these percentages are computed using formula percentage is based. When the numerator and denominator 4, to be 0.11% and 0.62% respectively.
of the percentage have different parameters, use the Assuming that these two estimates are not correlated, the standard error of the estimated difference of 12.8 percentage p:rameter (and appropriate factor) of the numerator. If pro" portions are presented instead of percentages, note that the points is standard error of a proportion is equal to the quotient of the standard error of the corresponding percentage and 100. sgx.y) = MO.11%)* + (0.62%)' = 0.63%
For the percentage of persons, the approximate standard The 95 percent confidence interval on the difference is from error, sp. of the estimated percentage p can be obtained by 11.5 to 14.1 percentage points. Since this interval dors not the formula conta n zero, we conclude that the difference is significant sp = fs (3) at the 5 percent level.
- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . _ . _ _ - . _ n'
47 Appendix D. Facsimiles of the 1984 SlPP Third Wave Questions on Disability Status FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS 2 s. oo.. . . . hav. an, difficuity s,ing we,d. .no Mivs e i.ti.e. in o,dina.ry a T No - $ Kip to checa stem rf 7 w..,mg gia... o,newspap. prin.t cont.ci i.... if .even wn.n
.u.uan, w...s ih.mr
- b. se . . abi. to do thi. .t eis t M i C Yes s:No is a se<f ,espondent) i ] Yes - Mark 2c through 2e by observation a No - ASK 2c througn 20 2 C. saidDoes in a, ,no he,v.
masany difficuity conv.,.ation hee,ing w6th anoth.,what 6 M i]Yes a ! No - $ KIP to 2e p....n 7 (Us6ng a hee,6ng aid if . . usualty w.ars oneJ
- d. iCabte io de this at osar 2.2At.1 i T Ye:
a 1No
- g. ooes . . . hav any t oubl. havmg his/he, op.ech -"I i Yes und.es toodt a .. N o MARK B Y OBSERVA TIONIF APPARENT M . ve.
- 3. oo.s . . . g.n.,asiv u.. an .64 to n.ip . . . g.i i ~:No around .uch so crutches, a cane o, a w h.elc h a s, P 4 8. T hese nest qu.stion. esh whethe, . . .'s h.etih o, condetson off. cts . .'s ability to do c.,tain activeties. Iff pe, son uses speceaf anos. Asa atout the aMrv w do the scrav.ty whale using the specralards I .
Does . . . hav. any difficuity lif ti,is and ce,,y6ng ; Yes something as h.avy as 10 lbe., .uch as a fun bag a No - SKl# to de of g,oce,iest
- b. is . . abi. io do ih . at .ist ~di l ves a C No C. Do.s . . have any difficufty walking f o, e essaT ' . v es quarte, of a m68. - about 3 city blocker No - SK#P to de
- d. ie . . .bl. i. do toe at .ist e xtr i .
- es
. ~. N o
- s. po.s . . hav. any d#fficulty walking up a fl6ght of stas,e wethout ,estingP M
- I Yes a ' No - $4fP ro dg
- f. le . . . able to wath up a flight of sta6,. without .12 ' Yes th. h.jp of another p.reont -No
- g. po.s . . . hav. any diff6eufty getting enound out.ede th. house by . . /e tf 7 M - Yes
. No - $4iP to 6A
- h. Does-. .I d th. heap .f en 91s a l ves to get a,ound out..d.19 f ethe,, u.. p.eson in o,d., .No
' ~
I. po... . h... .ny diffieusty s.iisg .,ound ia..d. M ; v e s the hou.e b, . . . s.ef t . No - sx,p ro 4=
j oo.. . . need the h.ip of enoin., p., son in ned., 'M ~ ves to get around en .de the house r No k oo.. . . . heve en, difficuety g.iting into and out _ ves of bed by . . .'s e.af1 . No - SKop to checa trem t te
- 1. oo.e . . . ne.d ih. h.ep of .noih., p., son in ord., " . ves
" ~ ~ ~~~~~~
io .. n .nd out of b.d ? J .No
1
_d _ _ _ _ ._ _-.~s__~_ it o
-1 f
48 NEED FOR ASSISTANCE I
- - = - - ne er ,o .,ema dn. ., and at above um i=,s.
- [ No - SKJP ro 6a Does. . need the heip of another pe son ]
in ordes to get around of gelin and out of d bed 3 51 veu m.ntsoned thef . . needed he4, t.e, ting son.eoas reoas ovveios tus neuesnoto around/ petting in and out of bodd Y i C Relative 2 C Friend > neighbor Who usueHy he4pe . . (get around/get in and aiso 3 C Po,d employee cut of bedi? .11!.L e C Someone from a nonprofit organization or agene r nOuesnoLo MIMete Mark tXl all that apper
- 3** s C Relative -
J2EL e C Paid employee
.Asl&L 7 C 0ther nontefatsve E e C Does not receive help - $ KIP to Sc
.l ASK OR VEAlFY - .1112.] t C Yes
- b. Does . . (or . . .'s femely) pay for any of the help aCNo 1 that.. roceives?
C oo* Name os rieeim concision (SHOW FLASHCARD W; f C. What heetth eondet6en le the ensin reseen . . . hee g!i{
trouble getting around?
i 61 secouse of . . /s h ee, do.e . . . n d h.i, to do .221f.I i C Yee -
light housework such as weehing dishet. 2 CNO eMWenene uf, or 66eht oleonine?
- b. Dece . . . ne.d h.4,io ,,orere moois fo, . ce e.ef t .1221J i C Yes 2 CNo ?
i i
escol , 3 y ,,
m"==
j Does. . need help to do housework or i 2 w No - SKfP to Se j prepare ineels Ise "Yes" mermed in eithe, ,
i 6a or 6bP 7a. Who gen.reHy heape . . with thoue. worm / mesi soessons esom ouvoios ins nousanoto preparettonly
_ eno2 , C Relative
"* 8 C F"*ad/a*'9hbo' Mar *<xiensnarappsy ** 3CPaid employee
)
j J a C Someone from a nonprofit organiastion or egency l .191i l nouesnoto menese ed i 2 s C Relative e C Paid employee
. ]
.All.*. ,0 other nonteisuve {
E e C Does not receive help - SKlP to 7c ]
ASK OR VERIFY - '11J.1J i C Yes i 3 CNo )
- b. Does . . . (ce . ./s femHy) pay for any of the help '
I that . . . receives w6th thousework/rneal '
properationi? l C . Dur6ng the poet 4 months hoe . . . received any 'M ' C f es meene provtaled by a sommuntty serv 6ce either i CNo delivered to home or served in e group setting? ,
' Cone No e of nenntn conesion ASK OR VERIFY -
ISHOW FLASHCARD WI yl l l
- d. What h nh conduion se me mean re.oon . . . is unable to (de housewortupropere moete)F i S 8. Does . . . need heap from othere in leeking efter .11L*JiCYes ;
personal needs such se dresseng, unalreesang. 2 No - SKIPto Check item T20 eetme, oc w a.el hyg6enet someone FooM ouTelos inE noustwoLo
- b. Who generap yhelpe . . . wtth such things? "2' sO Releuve Mark fxJ en ther appsy - eage a C Friendineighbor i
8430 3 C Paid employee E222, a C Someone from a nonprofit organization or agency nousanoto memese s Relative a C Paid employee
.1121 7 C Other nonrelative E e C Does not receive helo - SKIP to Check Item T20
- ** l l s Cyes I ASK OR VERIFY -
C, Does . . for . . Je femHyl pay for sey et the he4p 2 CNo l that . . . ruoaves in toohing eftee hie /her peeeenct [
neede?
(
l i -- - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - _
i
, . a. - -.
4c 49
' WORK DISABILITY -
- b. D e . . .'s h..nh .e s ndset.n heet th kmd e, "" I i } Yes - Mare "f 77" on ISS een.unt .f weet . . s n d.F : _ No - Skip to f Ja l j g
3 C . .,em fr. wk.t ...e,d6d.r.
- t. w . th t. ..h.e.m. . tw limet.d do .t a la t.h. k.6,ad 3HD 1 s- . y , ,,4 d,. ,# om,w.
SKIP to 9e OA
, [ Person w.. hmned b. fore person bec.mo of
, working .go - $gsP to FOa i
}
- d. in wn.t month did . .m.s umn.d7 -\
l Enter numerse co.te M O**
- 4. w.e . . . .mpo. "'
Hmet.t6.n b.gnr .d .t the t.m. .
.'. w.et ' } Yes - SKIPto f 04 No
- f. wh.n w.th hmw.e.th.
t t6.n b g.n?
i.e.t t
. wort.d bei.e. . e :g '
, 2 Mad n. vet been employed before work hmat.00n began ASK OR VERnFY - c one .name e. meno cenee.on ISHOW FLASHCARO WD g>
10s. wn.i n nh nda.nis th. ne a se, _
, . .'s w.th Hmn.u.n?
ASK OR VERIFY - 94 0 , C ygg
- b. was th6e s.ndtu.n e.v d by .n sed.no .e C No - SKJP to Checa item T23 inar,P C. Wh.r. d&d th. .csid nt or insur, t.he p4.e. - d 1 Cony urb 67 wee n (Mead categornes; - 2 h During rv6.. In th. Armed F.r..e7 Ma,4 (M only one 3
. ._ s hI " I*"'
.wh h*"I
.i t E- ts " Worked ' m.v.ed on the 1S5' i yves - $KiPto CA,ca stem r2d 2 No 11 a. D . . .'s h nh ., e.ndne.n ., nt . "'" i i Yes from ter.rhing .6. g.h .t bas.in e 7 a [No - $ KIP to i2.
.m un.ne. to w e
- b. in.t.what pF v.., .d . '3 g 3 .- if f 98d asa l lc. ornerwese
$ KIP to 13e OR i T M.s never been .o.e to woet .t . jon 1 SKIP to t3a C. In wh.t month d6d . . b .m. un.ble t week?
t,trer nuine,tc code Monqn
,,,e, . .,e es ,,ye d ">u , ye, SK,,,o ,2.
M a ~No u en I Did
- .e . de,su.iiv
,no ieewor.k 35 oro.ma.,.oo,ours per
,e e.ence t .t . . ru i i.mo 12.. . .. . . now .mw.r.
. . . . .nd, w H.t., . a. .,
s o..,s..m. . e.,, t,~
I
- b. .... - i w d.r., ...L,~ ial .
aeoui.av
. e to w .'L.e . . .r u ,r , 0-i, ou...on. , o, ..ouwiv f
12e,i.... .d. d ,w *a " , o ve.. . o do ..m. 6md o, w
..du ...w - nr . , c =o. not .. io do ..~ % ,o,= wo,.
- , c o.d not wo,. .e<o,. um i.non b...a 4
1 l
t .. 0 7 ')< . .,
" ,_~ .am - - , .
.4 JSO DISABILITY. STATUS OF CHILDREN -
'"'I 25e. oe eng of . .ce ohmeen 'sYa saNo - $xtP to 26o '
tesneer 101 hose e sono leasing phvessel sendi-seen that lineens the6r ,
etIIIev to meeth, nan, or peeg t " ~ ~
' ~
""*** **' *"? *"
g ,. h ph? : }
Enter enderen by age S S . ..- 5 sa.
n.m. s.me OMest test a:._ . .. _ . . . . :. s a ./
C *** ? . _ =C_***n ~. HW c.w I$HOW FLASHCARO WJ has ..n eni. m
+
- mm _ s m ._
-. e e.,-
'aa* e. .
y;=g,',,q, ~-...e.. e. .
eleffleesleyF __.._. .~. _
i _ _ _ -
204. De eng of . . es children
- I 'CYn 6 hose e lone 1:No $KJP to Checa stem T30 tisador inesine n 19enies er eene.
teenal probesen that Glenate their etillty le learn ter de register
- * - ^ ~DE pesca N>,
ewoon e j. enoa No _
g, y y Enter ensMren kr age. M me,.e -
\ l '
& unee S -. ._..
some osdest Nest.
[' ,
i Are any children 8684I i 2 Yes - Asa 27 ter each chim 5 - t 7 veers old t'stec en 250 or 266 6-17 veers oid 3 No . sxf7 to Cheen nem C f. page 59 listed in 250 or 2607 ' " " "
)
27e se suame or enado etse se
- ",*",d,7 '*d*' 350 t. '
3ED S ~.-.
, , , , ~.
Enter entMeen bV ege, oMest br8t.
- 2 Yes 13YSS ~. Y et 2:No No 1:No 1
- 1 1
(
i l
i l
i t
1 l
i 1
1 l
\
l j
I 1.1_.___.._ _ _
o ,
l i
l '
51
~
CONDITION LIST FLASHCARD W. j;
. HEALTH CONDITIONS l
Code Condition 01 -
Arthritis or rheumatism 02 - Back or spine problems (including chronic stiffness or deformity of the back or spine) 03 - Blindness or vision problems (difficulty seeing well enough to read a newspaper, even with glasses on) 04 - Cancer 05 - Deafness or serious trouble hearing 06 - Diabetes j 07 - Heart trouble (including heart attack (coronary), hardening i of the arteries (arteriosclerosis)) {
1 08 - Hernia or rupture 09 - High blood pressure (hypertension) 10 - Kidney stones or chronic kidney trouble 11 -
Lung or respiratory trouble (asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, respiratory allergies, tuberculosis or other lung trouble) 12 - Mental illness 13 - Mental retardation 14 - Missing legs, feet, arms, hands, or fingers 4
15 - Nervous or emotional problems, or alcohol or drug problems 16 - Paralysis of any kind 17 - Senility (Altzheimer's Disease) 18 - Stiffness or deformity of the foot, leg, arm, or hand 19 - Stomach trouble (inclucing ulcers, gallbladder or liver conditions) 20 - Stroke 21 - Thyroid trouble or goiter 22 -- Tumor, cyst or growth 23 - Other (Specify) e t.S. G.P.0,1989-191-c64 6c005 2