ML20235D232

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Forwards Staff Rept Re Projected Load & Power Supply Conditions for Comm Ed,Iowa-Illinois Gas & Electric Co & Mid-America Interpool Network During 1972 Summer Peak Load Period,Per 711130 Request
ML20235D232
Person / Time
Site: Quad Cities, 05000000
Issue date: 12/20/1971
From: Phillips T
FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION
To: Boyd R
US ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (AEC)
Shared Package
ML20235B311 List: ... further results
References
FOIA-87-111 NUDOCS 8709250162
Download: ML20235D232 (7)
v • d • e


Text

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Fl:Dt"NAL l' owl:lt C' MMl!F.lO!4 WM. nit c.wa. D.C. ?(;420 .

$N fif.f'1 Y f 4LfTit 10 6 December 20, 1971 -

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Dear Mr. Doyd:

Thin is in renponce to your 1ctrer 'of Nover.;ber .30,1971 requesting 1.hn comments of the, Federal Power Coi.=iinsion on the suppicmental environ-inent al revice nubmitted by the Co:=onucalth 1:dicen Company and t.hc Ioua-111J nois Can and Elcetric Co:cpany. The suppicmental statement was filed by t h e Co;r.pa ni c s , in connectJon with t.hcir request for authorization to lond fuci in Quad Citics Unit 2, conduct necessary testing for Quad Cities Units 1 and 2, and operate thenc Units unt.11 March 15,1972, at ,

en angregate po. cr Icyc1 up to 009 n:enawatts (Docket Nos. 50-254 and 50-265).

The encioned nta f f report, prepared by the Conniscion's Bureau of l'over, r.ct a f orth npecj fic inf otraat ion relative to the project ed load and pover nupply conditlenr. for the Com.onucalth 1:dinon Co:.pany, the .

lova-111f nr>i: can and I;1ectric Coupany, and the Mid-Ancrica Interpool Network (MT1;:) during the 1972 r,ummer pech load period. The requented aut horiration t o operate the Quad Citics Units 1 and 2 at an aggregate ~

power. level of 009 :/cpacatts until March 15, 1972, vill provide for tenting and reaching operational readiness of heth units. When testing in cot.pletet,' the neu' capacity'uou'Id alled deferre'd'ntain. ten nec c'n other uni ts anif r.ince both uhi't s 'are operat iont.1, full capacity would' bc

. , availal:1c f or opemency w.c. The report,11,1ustrates 1,he nced ,for ,

, opera,I ion at'. ful l . 'er.pp c) t;y,. of SO9,.ney.:a t I s ;cac.h f or. Quad ;.Citie s. L' nit n.1, ,.

an1 2 in'i..cti: ' ! . e c. a c ' pse r.h ' l o a d , on 'the'r.yntc6c of. tho:

Cornonuval t h 1:dir en Con pany , :'.\1:!, the Jo::a-Illinois Gan hnd Elcetric Compa ny., t.nd t he. .l e .za .. )lvu l _ .d u r,i ng. t.he s su; .:er . o f l p 7 2,.. . , , , , ., . s , ,

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Very;1ruly yours, l

. /  ; ';7' Chief, Dureau of Pouer r'ncio nur e Staff report on Quad Citiec linit s 1 and 2 8709250162 870921 PDR FOIA MENZ87-111 PDR

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l'ederal Pn. er Con ni):: ion 4* . O /so n f.).

Eureau of Pv. ret p.,

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hevii u of t he tier.t Cent ral.DT. ion Projected 1.oad /yf[re,C ,

, and Po.ier : .pp ) :, Condi'ioan for the 197?

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,, ',. Sum:nci ,.Se6!:inP in Rola.t i od 't d' quad 'Ci'tl'c:i' Units .1"and 2. *

, . .. ... . .. . ~ . .

The folle./ he:. report pr t im Jan c.., of J'u.;c r in direc t ed to analynir, and co... rent on Iha' October 12, 1971, request from the .

, ,, , ,Com nop.n,.p l t h;,,Ud i .y ? Coqqs.ny and. t. ..

Co'mpany to t he At ouic thrgy Com::d)tc nniott.1cug .411 f.nol,0.. pas, en.,41;1cctric.:

for aut horizat. ion to operate' t ho Quad Cit ic:. I! nits 1 cud.2'at an'an'grenht'c pwcr level 'of 809 '

megentat tn, 'about .50. pc.rcent of total .rnted poyer to . provide.pceded .,

cTect rical nencrating capacity on the Applicants' systeinb outil itarch 1's, 1972. -

Infonnat f on prenented here supplement s and'epdates that submitted to the At omic- Uncrgy Co: cut.:.nion by the rederal Per.ver Co;cmission on 11 arch 29,1971 regarding the Quad Cities Unit a 1 and 2. It is under-stood that the environment . :.pects of these tuo unit's are currently undergoing further analynis in which t,hc AEC vishes to consider such -

, factorn an: the effect of delay in facility opernt. ion upon the public interent, part ienlarly "the po.rer needs to be served by the fccility; I he availability y of alternate sourcen, if any, to meet those needs on 4

- a timely bar.is; and. dclay costs to thc licensees and to consu:nnrs."

Thus thin report is directed to thoce pointe and to a revi.cu of the need for t he facility as concerns the adequacy and reliability of bot h Applicant s ' sysic;.:s and alt.o th:.t of the Pwer Pools of chich t.he Applicants are membues. This review by the PPC is in accordance wit h the !!ational Environmental Policy Act' of 1969 and the Guidelines of the Prenident's Council on, Environmental Quality dated April 23, 1971..

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1:ec.d ..f or Ou..a.d...C31 s  ! c..t., Cu..p. _ci t v .' '

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' h o. pph. n . tab try el.a 't e r tr.i ng,'

uy .toriii::tin.';1: e.t h..'

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f..*YA uc.1.'pren af lpo.u.d.  ! c.',.5 tin.l '. r.f. . h'a

. 'en ir:o. Ne.r.on) i.de nt , Co  : wr.>.s .

1:dinoa company, as co itaine.d in t he applicat ion, the Monthly Power Statcm.nt r, sub:ait Led to this Co:minnion by the Applicantn and..r c ) nt eil r ep,or t r, r. p d p .in ,

'rd.pohhe'.tot%c' t Do$ft:i.io' ns lfri.'1"1970 i 5Gtd:Ee;nI.df'['c[1'iic'y.,o'n Xde' quae;f # ~'

and neliabili'ty of Elc c tric Servii:c (Order .):o. 3s3-2),

  • _ The ,f o)1o.fing t ..bulat ioan chu./ the loads to be served by the Conn.onve.al t h Edinon Co,qmuy,. t he Mhl-hiarica litt.erpool Netverrh, (11AI!!)',

t he lo.:n J ))inoi: C:... nnd liu rir (.c. pany and ,t he Iewa l'ool, and t he relat ion:. hip of t he full cUtrut c,f 809 nenmeatts cach of the Qu'ad -

Cit ies Unita 1 and 2 to their availabic rer.crve ecpacities at the e

I

joy 7 r.um.i.r penh. The Coa tonveni th 1:dt.non co.pany and t he loua-1111noin

(:an vu,1 1:leel ric Cor gany r. hare equally t h out put ef. the quad Citien tin i t- 1:o, 1. Co;.unnue.i1I h 1:di t.on Coa.pany in ent j t led I o Ihe full eutput of 11nii 1:o . 7

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lbr. App 1 feant e r.t'are that 'the ci$ae'it y of tid uhd Q CJ tien Uhl t's -

in reg ih ed t o i. met slo.1972 r u.mer penh loach; on both of their r;y:.t cu 2 In adti i,.a <1r. r. a . 1 t !. M.' : ,on C. .;, n:: . ri M r : Ihet it needn ii n full

s. hare of 1,216 avvarat t:. of t he codSined out put 'of Quad Citien l! nit 1:en. 1 and 2 prhu ,t o tise f.u;.v.cr sposon t o prov).de. aval.lalile hpnc)oad capaci ty, t p,

'tihnthll e '6q,"n'tI nfn'fnl'en'1nce' dif' cAi'r.t liQi unItri c~in u!Tibh inninEennn'ce' hah bee'n deferred. Al th(ntr,ti the cuphauin of . thin report reintes prhunrily to the on.rl,y needn for uvnJ1pbf)it,y of.t)ic. Qued. Cit.ier, unity, tl, icy are expected

~

  • *to have n useful lif e of rio.uc 35 years and' uill b'c expdcted to contribute to thn area'n dependahic power nupply during that period. For neverni decaden, power t.ynt em londa lpve groun at on average rate thich renults in n doubling in each ten yearn. Similar grouth is projected for the forenceabic future.

Forecant ed 1972 Summer penh Situction .

Conrnonucait h Mid-America .

);dison Co. Interpool 1:etenrh (

Condit t onn Uit liont. QifLCii f en tini t s

' Net Dependahic CapacJ t y - !!cnnuntt s 13,413 1/

2/

30,696 "

Penh 1. cad - Hennuattn 12,520 28,191 Henerve Marcin - Mcgneatts 893 2,505 Percent , 7,1 0.9 Condit.ionn Uith ' Quad Citics Itnits

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Het Dependahic Ccpacity - Megnunt.ts 14,627 3/ 32,3$4 4/

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12;,520 ' ,, .. 28,191,

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terecut l .

16.8 14.6 i Company's 1:nt ine.t e of :: ceded nenerve

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. . i.. ~/.p., 3,04 7.; .

l ' Penh 1.oad) -

Capacit y c,if. Quca Ci t ie: ,;;os . 1&2 .

t of aling 1,2141:cgnunt tc, as Percent of needed reserve .

69.3 41.0.ra .

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)) Includen Dresden ::nn. 2 and 3 cach at capacily of 789 nonnuntts.

% ion No. I not. f or luded.

,2) S me ca J/ plun Poi.nt luach I'oc. I ad 2 cach at capacity of 497 megmtat t s.

3)/ ST.ame 4

m: nuan jf plus2/ plun Quad QuadCities  ::or. 1h*e:.

Citics and 2 nhare of 1,214 uennut.t te.

1 and 2 cach at capacity of 009 n.cg.~e.a t e .

1 1

1 3-1

'The -Coi ..r. irreal t h 1:dinoa. Co.ng:.ny oned a crit eri on for recerve I m:irgi n 01.14 pri rent of paal, load. Thi. largent p,ent rat ing uni t , ubich in included in t he nynt ei.i evpac it y of t he Cow.r.fcel th 1:dinun Co;a;inny

. uill he t he neu C'io in gwat t po.crt.on unit go, ;, ocheduled for coam:ereini nervice in 1b:. ) *. / ? . I.e :. of Ir. rne increr ent c of generat ing ci.p;icii y )

l hy forced oul: rer: of- )nrge uni.t n rer;ni re t;iniilhr large npo.into of .

l t comparnble c;.pru it y in synt en renbrver. 't o rl.aint nin' rolichf li t y:. Iwel ut "

c>:peric nee uit h neu Inrne getu ret inn unit n indicat e f recpient forced out ege , .of Ibr.e unii s. ,N rj e; I he ini: a) .m' '. o f t hM r ~ opern t j on ,

linti on t he 19/ l r.uner p:'d period, Co.no6uen) th Edison Ct.upany experienced..) for i inorV 1 huh 'Ri p,0..,n rec'oftitover of 't 3,000 hipehhq.unnu;it Te' I

,I o of genera ting fnilui findt'kro'bhDecp~iiMn'L' enp'ari,ty />.' . ~ ~

.. The fore oing t'abular analynic for t he 1972 r.ur. mot reserve si tuation indient er. t !-t t he out put of Quad. Ci t i cs U.ni,t v 1 and 2. conc t.it.ut es.

' 09;% percent , of Ih6 CeaniteE) t h EdIcon 'Codpcny's ne'e'ded r'eserve and 41.0 percent of I ha 1141N pool 'n needed reserven. >

a -

Authorir.nt. ion to operate the Qand Cition Units 1 and 2 at an nggrennt e of 009 nennunt i n until March 15, 1972, vould inerence the Connonuenith 1:dison Coupany's reserven by 405 cegnuntts to 3,246

uen:niatt n or 36.6 pc*rcent of penh lond during the 1971-72 vinter penk. During the of f pech period, t.hese capccity recorver could permit ranintencnce of generating unien now being deferred. Capacity rect rictions on certain unit s and attendant reductionn of relinbilit.y need to be correct.cd chci e ponnibic before the 1972 cur:aci penh period.

The nnolysin of the 1972 cu:ncr peak indicates the Applicant vill have a rer.erve r:stgin of 893 raer.nuntt n or 7.1 percent of peak load, if the capacit.y of Qand Citien Union 1:00. 1 and 2 in not avniinbic and .

would renuit in a shortano of 860 riegnuntts of capacity in aceting the 14 percent renorve require:.cnt. The estimated 1972 sumer peak reserve for t.he Mid-/wrien interpool 1:eteork (MMN), of which 'the Applicant is a member, t otal 2,50's ucanuntts or 8.9 perce nt.of, pech load, which

> uon1d renuit in n rhortage of l',442 nennuntrc vi capaci ty. in r'coting the 14 percent ver:erve retpd.rement. If. the Qnad Cities.11nitn are nyniinble f or ,t.h c 1 M2 ne:. lyr Irenh 'at th11 rated pouer, the reserve

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nctense 3 0T mencuntb 3'-

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increaned t o 4,)')3 uegr.unt t.'. or 14.6 percent of the peak lond. Yuc hanc-load ccpacity rerervec available to the Applie;mt af t.cr 1:nrch 15,

"' ' .'3 972 16ki Uhf't W '.2; v111^cneibl67 thc' 'Appiigdiit 'tc?^.icheduMd 'bui'ancs' .~ '

of e>:inting generating uni t s. Deferred maintenance ch the Co=onve nit'a Edi.r.on Coupnny'.r, nypten has reduced the reliability of'ckisting genorniing unitn accounting for noch of thd ryntem renerver.. There known liujtaticar.

of pinnned capacity recurven, when vicued with 1.he possible forced outc.nen f ro:a e qu i p: .. .n r I n i ) n ce n , nuch an the r:njor equipn ent outancn from boiler lenho experienced hy the Pool neebers in 1970, indicate the need for incre:u ed nyt.t eu capacit y Io provide f or needed maintenance of generat in;; e<juil 'aient aa wl) an improved operating reserven.

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4 Porecan t ed; 1 r 72 Fin.w.r Peali T.il' ual J on '

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Juan-1111noin' Coc i.nd 1:1cet r)c Co. 7tua Pool'

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, Cond iI i en ; 1.'i I hnu,L.,Qqt,.d,, C,1,t i.t.n tinij s

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. Hei pept.ndabl 9 ' Clipac 11 y ' liepara t i n ,. , 563 3,072 .. l Peak l.oad a lie p.ut. L tu .

714 3,117 G.

lienerve 11arnin - lionini.ittr. . -146 -45~

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. . ~ Cond J tions 1.'l t h Quad Cit Icn linits '

60ft,11fsp,n_,t,1,1) ' _" *

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_ Net' 1)cpendahic Capaciry - 1:canent.ta .;

$72 3,476 Penh Load - llencut.tts 714 3,117

-1:cuerve Capacity - 1:ccauntro 258

~

359 Pe rc en t.' 36.1 11.5

[ Company's Ectiuate of Needed Reserve ~

Marnin - llegaientts (12 percent of Pcah '

1,oad) ,

86 374 r Cripncityj of Qitad Ci tien Unit s uos.1 and

  • 2 tot aling 40's i.wnnuat ts' as Percent of '

Needed. lic!:cr va , 470.0 108.0 The analynic of t he 1972 so::mer, penh load for the Ioun-Illinois Can and Elec.t ric Company's t;yntem shraa a reserve margin of negative *

  1. . 346 megawat t s or .n negative 20.4 percent. of peak load without t.he:

( Applicenth r. hare of thc . capacity of the Quad Citics Unit s. L' hen '

l caparit y is increased by t ho 404 irtegnvatts chare of the Quad , Cities

,' Station output, t he rer.crye unrgin in increased tio 250 meccuat.to or 36.1 percent of pt ch load. ' The Ic.in Pool, of whic.li the.1ou'a-illinois Cas and Elcetrip Coupany.. in a imm,her iiidicaten a renc'ryo ternin of'

g. negalive.45 nescuat t s or netat ive 1.4 'pereont of pech load ufIhout

, , , bepcii t'. of:.t)>c .Qu.9 C'ition .S,t.a:J on'. Uith.Ahc;ad'dition of t-he. Qued-

' C3 I ics . out pnL . ohm c .ofe404. i,Jy,urat (* tke.rchorve.,uafgin 'io ',$ ncTennt,0+'

I o ' 3.W nega:ca L t n or

  • 1'1. 5 J c: ( eut of pech load.

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, ... . Thus wi th.only c>:f f.tinn-capacity,. albc.. I'oaa-111inof snCan 'nnd; Elec1 ric a '-

. Company and 'the irr.a pool f ace .t he' 1'972 ' rum::ci pesh wi th .loada th:t. uil l '

exceed generatinn.dapscity by 146 cenavat en and 45 meyaunttn renpcetively.

Delayn of neu unity on other adjacent nystri6n and c1secheve have created

..r.it, ail ar i.hort agen 'of,. generat i r.n capac i,t y and. the Ie.:.i sys ter.m c.7nnot rea:.onnbly expec t to depend en t.urpinn pv.rer fron others.

  • Therefore,- ,

t he 40's-;nenwat t sh arc of t he. capacity of.t.he. Quad Cities St ation is urgent ly needed Ior the Jou.i-Illinoin Syntein and i bc Joua pool to cect the 1972 num.aer peak.

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y,..n.n..t.;.;.. i n r : <.n rne l l i t i <.n The t rans:.d : :;1 <.n'. l i ner, f ro.a t he flitad CJ L ien Stat. ion are t he t:nbjee I of a corollary Pt.rt of I he /.ppiicant ':. :: opp 1m:...nt al envire.v ant c1

, r:1 a t es..< n t .

, p6nr Mp. .f Ie - 1 t .tyn.nt.nir.r J on ) inca vill orininat e ot ,I he 7

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Qnad, Gi l ies . t.ui ty hyard., ., , , , , , . .,,

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'n ro 1.i n. : n. mod b:/ ile C.......oi,. .ren1 t h pdi r.on Go: :pany t err. inn t e nt t he I;c l:.. .. :.vi s t .it i on . Single circuit. Liec} 1.0.!er coiptruction ib I,

ut.ed on bo: h -- t he 39.7 Idle nort h line tend t he 41.9 nello .r:onth line.

l '. ..- " . The rinha <of :uay .t raverrter.14 At.l y ( ) n t. Of r' iln a n d '.

  • Th(p c c;clon d.'t u o l i'E cW rire o./ned by t he lo.ta'll linoi:, G::n cod Electric Cci:npany. One terminates at Subst;.t ion S6 near Davhaport., Josa uit h a length of 27 salles, and the ot hiir. nt Snbr;t t.ti en 3,t). in R6ch 3 r;1r.nd' Count'y,.111.iisi s uith n -

. Jength of 17.5 niiles. 'N,'o -p,ol.e uood ll-Trarac construction is used on thena l iner.. The right-of-un lands and nina11 Iimber nrfen, y traverses usinly agricultural and grazin ,

The Ifuen n'ppear to.l pose no probicmc of necensibility, utilization of Innd aren, or disturbdace to native vildlife. Conductor sixo and line innulation vere designed to minimize adverse ef fects to the general public. ,

Al t ernnt e r. to t he proponc!d re c i l it .i_en .

Within t he tin.c availnble, there nre no kneran n1t ernat e nddit ionn of generat ing enpreit y which could ba 4;ub:;t.fiut ed for the Qund Cit ico-Un i t t.: . Theref ore, the::e unitr/ t.rc sorely needed t o nsnist in meeting penh demanda nad to in. prove the reserve generating capecity enrr.in.

The Applicants are men.ber6 of a Regional Reliabilit y Council (MMU) which coordinnt es itn bulk pcuer synten plann to provide strong trcus-mirnion connect iona to ccee:bodnt e the re'It.ri.vc1'y large pcr.ecr tecnciers uhich u,ay be needed uit.hin itn v.cgion and with cdjoining regions to 8,

unin,t nin bulh pn.:er taipply relichilit y. This'philonephy gcr. crc 11y pornit s a lu.ier reservd margin th'an night ot heruf sc be required. The vide spr. cad. naj ure. of. t hp projec t gd Jp.t . cap ) city, re,se.rves f or.many . .; . .

s:,' , . ...:.. , ,.n up; of,. t he .U,a ti,en du rdng .t.hc. ).97;L:rw..pc o.' pMh;') et.p.. perliod , provi dcrs:. .

1itilu !.. ; h f or nnp 'i.cl . . . ..:. u:1 : ~t.1:. t c.nc e' 'f' o;:. exc e!;i c af.c c i:.y ou t '

ide t he region. Delay:. in com.rercial oper01. ion of bot h iont.11 and

.. . nuc l ea r . uni.;s. cret.11hc3 y .pwspac.t.c. in nd.j oining;. regions ,7;t her.of ore., . . .. .-  ;

iti vould net lic realint ic . co de'pisad' upipi i:.'.purt c# rc}ilace;ient polier; '

f p t hin innt ance. .

Sufficient t .f r.c iri not available, but even if it ucre, adc iLic.nal

,peakinr. carnei t y is not eenridered t o be nn effect ive volutica to t he banc-1.ead. rvNe i t y. needed in, t he /.ppli car.t s ' sys temn. 1.arge incre::.eil ts of banc-lo. d generating capacit y are needed in both syate:c to mect-l Joads and restore sox fic.:ibilit y t o the nyst em to finplement a ec:n-prehennive unintenance,r.chedule.

_ - - - . . _ _ _ _ . _ _ -- 8

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No prett ical al t ernat iven t o t i;y, planned t rannui!.nion line faciliti(

3nvor f at ed vilh t he Q.ind Ci t i c:, !;t at t on to e avallable in the-prenent

,a a t e o f the art of I.ulb elect ric peser t rancier. 'J he realiv.at i on of -

I be econe. d en et . .c ale inut reduced en*<i ro. xut al Jupact frou a c'ent rally locat ed pir.nl requis e an adequat e . Inn:.uirnlon synt eu to serve mul tiple

, l oa d c e nt <. r.n . .;

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conc l oi. i o:".

The Ja s or.o of h..ter fit a f f i t; of t he opinion that the' criterion of 14 percent reserven in t.hc 14A1:: pdol r ay be loa. Syctop reserven are '

,, '. , ..;. u' '

,,- a f feat hd,by a nunbea: <@,f ai.toi.v,W.kel.ddY.ng Yyst ei.ri9.cl [Cliv"siiZentand' -

typpn M 1,cuer4l tin. r Onitn, nystem load characterintich, sy' tem s maintenance practieco, and interconnection transfer capabilities. . .

. .s - -

. The st af f conriders the additional capacit y of 1,618 menm:ntto from ihe Quad CiiIca Srntion necccc..ry to bolst er the es:isLinD syntem reserves on t he Co.:..on er.lt h 1:dicon Company's and the llAIN'c systeins and the loan-Illinoin can and 1:1cetric Coupany's and the Icon pool's systens at t.he 1972 nu a r peah. piecent c::perience on other r,ystems indicates it in not unlikely for tuo neu large unita to be forced ont of service during the runo critical period. The Qusd Cilfes Station operating at full rated po. cr would provido an additional 1,618 conn. tat ts of capacity during the 1972 ceu.icr per.h chich reight avert system cotantropho under many possible car.crgency conditic.,nt, .

  • The icctorn er.amined indicate that there is an emergency need for

. interim opeintion of the Qund Cities Units 1 and 2, asnuming that the AUC can conentrently deal appropriately with environmental iscucc involved in nuch operation. In addition to the facters analyzed in the original and nuppler.: ental environmental studien dealing,with partial operation of thin plant, t he pot ential ' consequences of not having suf ficien';

electric power in.11 uould include innbif, ity tic tttyctein o r:c;etand region, for theneeds rpasonfor outlined above, inport. ant pouer residential, consercial ant) induntrial cust &..crn. -

The.Applicantsreportthat' t hey have. an. A$ivoctc9nt' of $19'l hiilihn N #

.. .. i n pitort 'et d/ ikt ond t h'cr. ret *6rq:th 6f/ Wp~1dfrY.?cnf*'po$di,a ,

8Gii,i,T.Jh':lr. .-

i e i:. ava j ): ble, vi1) bc .;),Nn,OL's per rech f or each week nf delay i n t h; availahi1ity of the , Quod Citi: 1:nitn 1 and 2. The etaf f hac ex. :ined thit. cont, and t:he: r.6,lativclVr' der 'of'.t:f.*igirf t005 6f"!iddLd"pyo$uhtfbii c'.68.tl5

, have been found to be icasona,1:1c.-

.: . . , .~

., ,... V. ' . -

- 4p,hi'l... m .u w/

T. A. lips December 10, 1971 1 . .

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