ML20207B760
| ML20207B760 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Pilgrim |
| Issue date: | 03/31/1998 |
| From: | External (Affiliation Not Assigned) |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20207B744 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 9906020095 | |
| Download: ML20207B760 (51) | |
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{{#Wiki_filter:' OWEN PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION SITE-SPECIFIC OFFSITE RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROMPT ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM QUALITY ASSURANCE VERIFICATION l FINAL REPORT l Prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C. 20472 Under Argonne National Laboratory Contract No. 973392401 March 31,1998 9906020095 PDR 990524 F ADOCK 05000293 ppy
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PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION SITE-SPECIFIC OFFSITE RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROMPT ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM
. QUALITY ASSURANCE VERIFICATION FINAL REPORT Prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency
. Washington, D.C. 20472 1 Under Argonne National Laboratory Contract No. 973372402 l
Prepared by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. 3211 Jermantown Road Suite 300 Fairfax, Virginia 22030-2808 March 31,1998 l i I s
v ' a L PNPS Alert and N:tification System QA Vcrificatica TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 I. -INTRODUCTION 1 i A. ' Identification 1
'f
- 1. SiteInformation .
I ;
- 2. Governments Within the Plume Exposure Emergency Planning Zone 1 B. Scope Of Review ' 2 4
- 1. ~ Emergency Plans for Offsite Response Organizations 2
- 2. Alert and Notification System Design Report 4
- 3. FEMA Evaluation Findings 4 I
IL FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERlON E.6 6-A. Administrative Means of Alerting (E.6.1, FEMA-REP-10) 6
- B. Physical Means of Alerting (E.6.2, FEMA-REP-10) 9
- 1. Sirens (E.6.2.1, FEMA-REP-10) 9
- 2. Special Alerting (E.6.2.4, FEMA-REP-10) 14 III. FINDINGS FOR EVAT UATION CRITERION N.1 15 I
IV, FINDINGS FOR E\ ALUATION CRITERIA E.5, F.1, N.2, N.3, AND N.5 17 V. REFERENCE LIST -18 ATTACHMENT A: OSPM INPUT ATTACHMENT Bi PNPS SOUND CONTOUR MAP ATTACHMENT C: SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION ATTACHMENT D: TELEPHONE SURVEY FORMS AND RESULTS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Alert and Notification System Activation 8 Decision - Activation Sequence Diagram i
. March 31,1998 i l
, y PNPS Alert c~d N;tificatio2 Syst:m QA Vcrificctin Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Site-Specific Offsite Radiological Emergency Preparedness Prompt Alert And Notification System Quality Assurance Verification Commonwealth o' Massachusetts Town of Carver Town of Duxbury Town of Kingston Town of Marshfield Town of Plymouth I. INTRODUCTION A. Identification
- 1. Site Information The Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) is a General Electric-designed boiling water reactor with a full power electrical output of 650 Mwe. Operated by the Boston Edison Company (BECO), the station encompasses 1,600 acres and is located on the
' western shore of Cape Cod Bay in the Town of Plymouth, Plymouth County, Massachusetts.'
The terrain surrounding the site is rolling with a prevailing elevation of 100 to 200 ft. Elevation extremes range from sea level to 395 ft at the top of Manomet Hill, south of the station site. Many of the valleys contain marshes, ponds, or cranberry bogs (Note: the region is the center of the cranberry industry in the United States). Except along the coast, the remaining lowlands are open farmland or woodland.2
- 2. Governments Within the Plume Exoosure Emergency Planning Zone The PNPS plume exposure emergency planning zone (EPZ) is defined by an irregular shape. The boundaries of the plume exposure EPZ follow town lines or major roadways. All of the towns of Plymouth, Duxbury, and Kingston are included along with the eastern portion of the Town of Carver and a piece across the southernmost portion of the Town of Marshfield.2 The 1990 census resident population within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ was 76,685 persons. Most of this population is concentrated along the coast, especially in downtown Plymouth (1990 population 45,608 persons), which is located approximately 5 miles northwest of the PNPS site. Summertime transient populatons i
and seasonal residents increax the resident population with the PNPS plume March 31,1998 1
# .' 1 PNPS Alert cad N:tific; tina System QA Verific tics exposure EPZ by 33,739 persons. In addition, an estimated 19,333 persons come into the plume exposure EPZ to work. However, population figures are updated yearly in conjunction with the Annual Revision of the Evacuation Time Estimate (ETE). There are several large communities of summer cottages along the coastline, the closest
' being Priscilla Beach and White Horse Beach, located I to 2 miles southeast of the PNPS site.'# -
The island population density, although less than that along the coast, is greatest in the northem part of the plume exposure EPZ and very low in the southern part. Most of the southeastern comer of the Town of Plymouth is taken up by the Myles Standish State Forest, which contains only a few clusters'of summer cottages and almost no permanent residents. The State Forest extends into the southem portion of the Town of Carver. Much of the remainder of southern Carver is comprised of cranberry bogs and is essentially unpopulated (except for the inclusion of the Independence Mall). The southern portion of the Town of Kingston is also essentially unpopulated.2 B. Scone Of Review
- 1. Fmeroency Pinna for Offsite Recnonne Oronni7ations With the exception of some additional upgrades discussed below, Boston Edison Compare /s "Public Alert and Notification System for Pilgrim Power Station l
(FEMA-43 Report)"2 describes the PNPS prompt alert and notification system (PANS). Portions of the Commonwealth and local emergency plans and implementing instructions applicable to this review are: e Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "Comptehensive Emergency Response Plan, Appendix 3, Radiological Emergency Response Plan for Fixed-Site Nuclear Facilities," September 1997;' e Town of Kingston, " Radiological Emergency Response Plan," Revision 7. June 1997;4 e Town of Marshfield, " Radiological Emergency Response Plan," Revision 6, June 1997;5 e Town of Duxbury, " Radiological Emergency Response Plan," Revision 6, June 1997;'. l e . Town of Plymouth, " Radiological Emergency Response Plan," Revision 7, LSeptember 1997;7 and e Town of Carver, " Radiological Emergency Response Plan," Revision 6, September 1997. i p March 31,1998 2 e 1
r PNPS Alert cnd N:tific ti:3 System QA Verificati:2 References 2 through 8 document the administrative means established for notifying and providing prompt instructions to the public within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ. More recently, updated plans and procedures have been developed which are presently being used as the basis for state and local emergency preparedness activities. The latest plat. revisions are: Commonwealth Plan (8/91), Massachusetts Radiological Emergency Response Plan (MARERP), Rev.10, February 1997; e Kingston (3/95), Rev. 7, June 1997; e Marshfield (1/95), Rev. 6, June 1997; e Duxbury (1/95), Rev. 7, October 1997; e Plymouth (5/95), Rev. 6, September 1997; and
* . Carver (3/95), Rev. 5, July 1997.
The following Implementing Procedures have been established to reference the administrative means: Promnt Alert and Notification System (PANS) Activation Procedure
References:
Town of Plymouth:
. Implementing Procedure (PLY-04), " Fire Department," Rev. 4,10/96 e Implementing Procedure (PLY-25), " Siren Activation," Rev. 2, 5/95 Town of Kingston:
. Implementing Procedure (KIN-04), " Fire Department," Rev. 5, 6/97 e implementing Procedure (KIN-25), " Siren Activation," Rev. 3,10/96 Town of Duxbury:
- Implementing Procedure (DUX-04), " Fire Department," Rev. 5, 6/97
* . Implementing Procedure (DUX-25), " Siren Activation," Rev. 4,6/97 Town of Marshfield:
- Implementing Procedure (MAR-04), " Fire Department," Rev. 4,10/96
- Implementing Procedure (MAR-25), " Siren Activation," Rev. 2,1/95 Town of Carver:
. Implementing Procedure (CAR-03), " Police Department," Rev. 5, 7/97 e Implementing Procedure (CAR-04), " Fire Department," Rev. 5, 7/97 e .- Implementing Procedure (CAR-25), " Siren Activation." Rev. 2,3/95 March 31.1998 3
c , (,i
' PNPS Alert c::d N:tificition Syst:m QA Verification
. Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency:
.: Implementing Procedure (PIL-Ql), "MEMA Director," Rev. 9,10/97 Fmeroency Alert System MAS) Activation Procedure
References:
Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency: Implementing Procedure (PIL-12), "MEMA Public Affairs Staff," Rev. 5,12/97
' Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency --~ Area II:
e Implementing Procedure (AII-01 S), " State PoliceTroop D," Rev. 5, 6/97
' 2. ~ Alert and Notification System Desion Renort The physical means ' established for alerting the public within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ are documented in Section 2 and Attachments A through F of Reference 2 as supplemented by references 9,10,11 and 12 of this report. These five documents (references 2,9,10,11 and 12) comprise what is hereinafter referred to as the Design Report.
- 3. FEMA Evaluation Findinom FEMA Region I and the Regional Assistance Committee (RAC) have evaluated the following PNPS offsite emergency preparedness exercises:
e FEMA, " Draft Rprt on the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Siren Test, June 19, 1982," (no date); e FEMA, " Final Report of the Joint State and Local Radiological Emergency Response Exercise for the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Plymouth, Massachusetts, June 29,1983," September 26,1983;" e FEMA, " Final Exercise Assessment, Joint State and Local Radiological Emergency Response Exercise for the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Plymouth, Massachusetts, September 5,1985," December 5,1985;" e FEMA, Summary of Deficiencies Report, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Radiological Emergency Responu Exercise, October 12-13,1989; e FEMA,' Final Exercise Assessment: Joint State and Local Radiological Emergency Response Exercise for the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant, Plymouth, Massachusetts, October 12-13,1989, August 27,1990;" FEMA, Exercise Report: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 12,1991, February 23,1993;" March 31,1998 4
PNPS Alert rzd N:tific:tira System QA Verific:tira .
- FEMA; Exercise Report: Pilgrim - Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 7-9,1993, February 15,1995;
* ' FEMA, Final Exercise Report: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, December 13,'
1995, April 5,1996;2 and FEMA, Exercise Report: Pilgrim Nuclear Power ' Station at Plymouth, Massachusetts, November 05,1997, January 16,1998.2 1 I l l i l March 31,1998 5 l
PNPS Alert ead Notific . tin System QA Verific:ti:s II. FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERION E.6 The Design Report describing the PNPS prompt alert and notification system (PANS) was reviewed against evaluation criterion E.6 and Appendix 3 of NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, " Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants" (hereinafter referred to as NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1).22 This evaluation criterion states: Each organization shall establish administrative and physical means, and the time required for notifying and providing prompt instructions to the public within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone. (See Appendix 3.) It shall be the licensee's responsibility to demonstrate that such means exist, regardless of who implements this requirement. It shall be the responsibility of the State and local 22 governments to activate such a system The bases for review against this evaluation criterion were the corresponding acceptance criteria of FEMA-REP-10," Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants" (hereinafter referred to as FEMA-REP-10).23 This quality assurance (QA) verification review was performed to make a determination of PNPS PANS adequacy. Based upon this QA verification review and public survey results, Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. (formerly International Energy Associates Limited) concluded that the design and implementation of the PNPS PANS and its supporting procedures conformed sufficiently to the acceptance criteria, as stated in FEMA-REP-10,2 for evaluation criterion E.6 of NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1,22 to support a FEMA finding that the PANS is adequate. This portion of 23 the QA verification review evaluates the PNPS PANS against FEMA-REP-10 acceptance criteria in the following areas: (a) the administrative means of alerting, (b) the physical means of alerting, and (c) the special alerting methods. A. Administrative Means of Alerting (E.6.1, FEMA-REP-10) The Massachusetts Radiological Emergency Response Plan (MARERP)' specifies those organizations or individuals within the Commonwealth and local governments who are responsible for recommending the activation of the PNPS PANS. The decision logic as shown in Figure 1 of this report was developed after a review of the applicable emergency procedures and implementing instructions for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the towns of Kingston, Marshfield, Plymouth, Duxbury, and Carver. As Figure 1 indicates, these emergency procedures and implementing instructions satisfy 23 FEMA-REP-10 acceptance criteria. The applicable documentation specifies the alert and notification process from the time the emergency message is conveyed from the PNPS control room to the State Police Troop D Headquarters to the local officials who have the responsibility for physically activating the sirens. J March 31,1998 ' 6
PNPS Al:rt cid N:tific: tin Systra QA Verifie:ti:n Based upon the MARERP,' initial determination of an emergency which may require protective action is made by the individual designated by the Watch Engineer as the
- PNPS Control Room Emergency Coordinator. Initial notification from the plant is transmitted via Digital _ Notification Network (DNN) to: (a) the State Police Troop D Headquarters in Middleborough, Massachusetts; (b) Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA); (c) all the plume exposure EPZ towns and Reception
~ Centers. All of these notification points are manned 24 hours day,7 days a week and have secure power. Upon being notified of an emergency at PNPS, MEMA headquarters will notify Area 11 and Troop D will notify the Massachusetts Department of Health (MDPH). The DNN point in the MEMA Area II Emergency Operations Center (EOC),
the Braintree Reception Center, the Taunton Reception Center and the Bridgewater Reception Center are not manned on a 24-hour basis and therefore are not included on the roll call. Area II, the Braintree Reception Center, the Taunton Reception Center and the Bridgewater Reception Center will answer after activation of their respective EOCs. After hours, MEMA headquarters will notify Area Il staff. During working hours, MEMA headquarters will contact Area II to verify receipt of notification and information. When the PNPS Emergency Operations Facility (EOF) is activated, the MEMA and JMPDH EOF representative will provide the latest information to their respective agencies. MEMA headquarters will provide notification to affected state agencies, area offices and local governments. At the Site Area Emergency classification, the General Emergency classification and/or when protective actions are recommended to be taken, MEMA will direct notification of the public by coordinating with the plume exposure EPZ towns: (a) activation of the sirens; and (b) broadcast of an appropriate Emergency Alert System (EAS) message. Messages will include protective action recommendations, as well as a specified time for activation of the public alerting system. In the case of a fast-breaking emergency requiring immediate protective actions, the State Police Troop D will coordinate the timing of the activation of the sirens and the EAS. Troop D will also select the appropriate prescripted EAS message to be broadcast to the general public. In the towns of Kingston, Marshfield, Plymouth and Duxbury, the local fire dispatch personnel are authorized to activate the system in the case of a fast-breaking emergency which involves an automatic utility recommendation to advise the public to take shelter or evacuate within five miles. In the Town of Carver, it is police dispatch personnel who are authorized to activate the system. For an incident at PNPS, the public notification system will be activated, in conjunction with EAS activation, at a Site' Area Emergency or General Emergency classification level. The physical means to accomplish this activation are at the following locations: March 31,1998 7
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.PNPS Alert c d N:tific:ti:2 Syst:m QA Verifie: tits
- 1. The Carver EOC is located in the Police Station on Main Street.
- 2. The Duxbury EOC is located adjacent to the Central Fire Station at 668 Tremont Street.
- 3. The Kingston EOC is located in the basement of the Town Hall Annex at _6 Maple Avenue but the siren activation is at the Police Station on Maple Avenue done by the
~ Public Safety Dispatcher.
- 4. The Marshfield EOC is located is located in the Police Station at 1639 Ocean Street.
- 5. The Plymouth EOC is located in Memorial Hall,83 Court Street. The siren activation point is the Plymouth Fire Department (fire alarm operator).
In addition, the Commonwealth-operated Reception Centers are at the following locations:
- 1. -Bridgewater State College, Park Avenue, Bridgewater, MA.
- 2. Taunton High School, Taunton, MA.
- 3. Braintree High School, Braintree, MA.
FEMA evaluation exercises (references 13 through 21) have demonstrated that the administrative mechanisms are in place to provide prompt alerting and notification to the general public in the event of an emergency at PNPS. , Alert and notification messages, including initial and follow-up notifications, are directly conveyed over the DNN from the PNPS control room to responsible Commonwealth and local officials. Siren activation directions to local officials are provided through the Boston Edison Community Offsite Notification Systems (BECONS). Presently, in a fast breaking emergency, on-site procedures call for evacuation to two miles and sheltering from two to five miles from PNPS. B. Physical Menne of Alerting (E.6.2, FEMA-REP-10) As described in the Design Report and supplemental information, the physical means of alerting for PNPS consists of112 fixed siren units. As analyzed for this QA verification, the PANS siren warning system uses four separate Federal Signal siren models: 62 l EOWS-408 sirens,23 EOWS-115L ' sirens,23 Model 612 sirens and four Model 1212 strens.
- 1. Sirens (E.6.2.1, FEMA-REP-10)
The PNPS PANS siren warning system, as originally submitted in the Design Report, was evaluated in accordance with the design evaluation methodology detailed in
" Analysis of Siren System Pilot Test."24 l
l l March 31,1998 9
Y . PNPS Al:rt cc:d N tificatin Syst:m QA Verific;tiin The siren waming system, as analyzed in this report, consists of 112 sirens: e 62 Federal Signal EOWS-408 (rotating directional) sirens rated at 122 dBC ' e 23 Federal Signal EOWS-115L (omni-directional) sirens rated at 110 dBC e' 23 Fedeml Signal Model 612 (rotating directional) sirens rated at 125 dBC - [
- 4 Federal Signal Model 1212 (omni-directional) sirens rated at 118 dBC l
Routine siren testing procedures and operability fo'r PNPS have been reviewed and were determined to satisfy FEMA-REP-10 criteria.
~
Boston Edison; installed a two way communication system with each siren. The system - provides ,the ability to activate the PANS and to . provide local and Commonwealth personnel with the ability to determine the acti vation status of the sirens. The upgraded activation and feedback equipment remains in the local fire station within each plume exposure EPZ town except Carver. In . Carver, the ' equipment is located at the police station. The activation of the public address capabilities for each unit is limited to the town in which the siren is located. Each of 1 these locations is able to monitor those sirens which they have the ability to activate.
.{
This enhancement also permits Boston Edison siren maintenance personnel to i remotely monitor and test each siren within the PANS. This two-way system also features an advanced security scheme to prevent unauthorized siren activation. Anechoic-chamber measured octave band sound pressure spectrums (supplied by the siren manufacturer) were used to verify the rated output of all of the sirens. However, the licensee initially chose to use more conservative derated values of 118 dBC for the EOWS-408 sirens and 110 dBC for the EOWS-115L sirens (see reference 2).
. Supplemental data (see reference 9) was submitted by the licensee which stated that, based upon studies provided to the licensee by Federal Signal Corporation, the change of the alert sound from a dual tone to a single tone increases the sound output of the EOWS-408 sirens from 118 dBC to 122 dBC at 100 ft.
The evaluation of the siren system design calculation procedure was conducted by: e Verifying the design calculation procedure as presented in Section E.6.2.1 of the Design Report against the 10 dB loss per distance doubled attenuation rate in the absence of special conditions; and i
* . Ascertaining the adequacy of the design procedure in the presence of site-specific :
topographical and meteorological conditions through comparisons of the design I procedure with the Outdoor Sound Propagation Model (OSPM)24 results for l specific sirens. 25
~ The original PNPS siren warning system design used Figure 1 of CPG l-17 in the absence ofintervening topographical features to predict the siren ranges to 70 dBC.
March 31,1998 10
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+
PNPS Aleirt cad N:tific:tio2 Syst:m QA Verificatin
- The ranges to 60 dBC were computed ' based on an attenuation rate of 10 dB loss per distance doubled. The design accounts for site terrain features by utilizing a method of sound pressure level truncation ~when the height of the surrounding terrain roughly reaches or surpasses the level at which sirens are mounted.
. The Design Report presented the following calculated theoretical siren ranges:
Range In Feet To Siren Tyne 70 dBC 60 dBC
~EOWS-408,122 dBC1 4,380 7,350
- EOWS-11SL,110 dBC 1,550 3,200 Population density distributions within. the PNPS plume exposure EPZ were presented in Section E.6.2 and Figure 4 of the Design Report.
Anechoic-chamber measured octave band sound pressure spectrums (supplied by the siren manufacturer) were used to verify the rated output of the sirens. The evaluation , of the siren system' design calculation procedure was conducted by: i e Venfying the design calculation procedure as presented in the Design Report against the 10 dB loss-per-distance-doubled attenuation rate in the absence of special conditions; and -
- Ascertaining the adequacy of the licensee's computer predicted coverage in the presence of site-specific topographical and meteorological conditions through 24 comparisons of the licensee's results with OSPM results for specific sirens.
- In this review, the acceptance criteria as stated in FEMA-REP-10,23 namely 60 dBC minimum for areas with less than 2,000 persons per square mile, and 70 dBC minimum for areas with more than 2,000 persons per square mile, are used. Using the 10 dB-per-distance-doubkd attenuation rate, the following ranging radii are derived:
Siren Tyne/Ratino No. of Sirens City (70 dBC) Rural (60 dBC) EOWS-408/122 d.BC 62 3,680 ft. 7,350 ft. EOWS-115U110 dBC 23' 1,600 ft. 3,200 ft. Model 612/125 dBC 23 4,480 ft. 8,950 ft. Model 1212/118 dBC - 4 2,800 ft. 5,600 ft. Based ora the analysis results described below, the PNPS siren warning system design approximates the 10 dB-loss-per-distance-doubled attenuation rate recommended in NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1,22 for situations in which special conditions are absent. I March 31,~ 1998 11
m .
/ i PNPS Alert ed N:tifier. tin System QA Wrification To independently _ verify predicted. sound coverage levels, OSPM input data was prepared by utilizing the siren system design data, on-site meteorological parameters representative of summer daytime conditions, and US Geological Survey (USGS) 3 second digital elevation data to account for topographical conditions. Using OSPM, the entire 112 siren configuration was modeled to produce sound pressure level contours resulting from the siren.waming system configuration. Siren location in universal transverse mercator (UTM) coordmates, pole height, rated sound power, and siren type (i.e., omni-directional or rotating directional) for each siren am shown in Attachment A, OSPM Input. . Siren UTM coordinates were specified based on. the information contained in the Desi Repon2 and. supplementary map information separately 9
, provided by the licensee. 2 Output fmm ~OSPM in the form of C-weighted siren sound pressure levels was
- generated for the entire siren waming system within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ according to siren characteristics. The output from the OSPM run produced a total system coverage and was fed into a surface interpolation and mapping program to generate the contours over the PNPS plume exposure EPZ. Using an inverse distance- '
squared weighted contouring routine, the contours were scaled and overlaid on US Geological Survey (USGS) topographical maps (1:100,000 scale) including the PNPS
- plume exposure EPZ. These siren contours were generated in dBC in accordance with the criteria established in FEMA-REP-10.23 A copy of the resulting PNPS plume exposure EPZ sound contour map from OSPM is included as Attachment B. The attachment depicts integrated sound decibels (i.e.., 50 dBC,60 dBC,70 dBC and 80 dBC sound level contours) resulting from activation of all sirens in the PNPS siren waming system. The borders of areas within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ presumed to have a population density of more than 2,000 persons per square mile are enclosed by thick black lines. These areas include downtown Plymouth and several communities near the shore of Cape Cod Bay.
2 The Design Repon stated that there were small areas.within the plume exposure EPZ, as depicted in Figure C of the supplemental Design Report data' that were predicted to be below 60 dBC. This conclusion was reached based on the original 93 siren configuration (there was no siren number 56 in the original configuration). Since that time, the licensee added 19 new sirens, replaced eight of the original sirens with sirens having a higher sound output rating, and also relocated two of the original sirens. The licensee performed a supplemental ambient sound level survey at these locations and an ambient range of 29 dB to 39 dB calculated 1/3 octave band at the L90 level was reported.' For populated areas with population densities of less than 2,000 persons per square mile,35 dB was found to be representative of the L90 background level. Thus, residences not covered by the 60 dBC contour were covered by a siren sound level of at least 10 dBC greater than ambient.' March 31,1998 12
j -. PNPS Alert rad N:ti5estio:a System QA Wrification - 5 I Review of the integrated sound profiles from Attachment B shows that, except for a small area southwest of Siren 90 and another small area southwest of siren 52, siren sound levels within the plume exposure EPZ are above 60 dBC. These small areas are on the southem periphery of the plume exposure EPZ, are sparsely populated and have siren sound levels that are above 50 dBC. Based on the ambient background noise levels, these siren sound levels are at least 10 dBC above ambient noise levels and are therefore acceptable. Thus, it is concluded that the analyzed configuration of thh PNPS siren warning system is found to meet the specific design requirements of FEMA-REP-10.23 The present siren waming system configuration affords significant redundancy in case of . sirens being out of service. Or, to put it another way, the number of sirens appear to be 23 more than the number required to meet FEMA-REP-10 requirements. First, the analysis shows that in much of the plume exposure EPZ siren sound levels
. would be in excess of 40 dBC above background levels based on the ambient noise measurements. Second, essentially the entire northem and central portions of the plume exposure EPZ have sound levels in excess of 80 dBC. Third,60 dBC sound levels extend as far as 3 kilometers beyond the northem tip of the plume exposure EPZ perimeter near siren 74, 5 kilometers beyond the perimeter near siren 77, and 5.5 kilometers beyond the perimeter at Lowe Pond near siren 68. Thus, based on the OSPM analysis, there are changes to the siren warning system (primarily to reduce the number of sirens) that can be considered in the future that would also meet the specific design requirements of FEMA-REP-10.23 These are: I
- At least five of die sirens located along the westem and northem perimeters appear 23 to be unnecessary to meet the FEMA-REP-10 requirements to maintain minimum required siren sound levels of 60 dBC. In addition, it appears that another five to 10 sirens located in the interior of the plume exposure EPZ may be unnecessary to meet 23 the FEMA-REP-10 r$d im sound level requirements. For example, siren .
sound levels in downts ? ?! /mouth exceed 80 dBC. Removal of two sirens in the downtown Plymouth area could therefore be justified and still would meet the minimum 70 dBC sound level requirement. 3 e If achieving a minimum 60 dBC sound coverage throughout the entire southem portion of the plume exposure EPZ is needed or desired, this can be accomplished by relocating siren 90 about 500 meters south of its present location and by also relocatmg siren 52 about I kilometer southwest to a location near Charge Pond. However, it should be re-emphasized that the present siren locations assure that the siren sound levels are at least 10 dBC above background and are therefore acceptable. March 31,1998 13
]
rr PNPS Alert c:d N:tificctio: Syst:m QA Verificatica
- 2. Snecial Alerting (E.6.2.4, FEMA-REP-10)
. Supplementing the PANS siren warning system are the alerting capabilities of the U.S. Coast Guard and local Harbormasters for offshore boats; provisions for direct telephone alerting of schools and other special facilities; and route alerting plans using town vehicles.
2 The Design Report states that the U.S. Coast Guard has agreed to notify boaters offshore by marine radio, and, if necessary, by dispatching cutters with loud hailer equipment. Schools, major employers, health care facilities, group homes,' historic sites, parks, camps and recreation areas will be notified by tone alert radios initiated by MEMA . Headquarters and activated by the EAS. Currently, there are 175 tone alert radios within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ. Each town also has personnel, vehicles, and equipment that can be mobilized for route alening in the event that one or more sirens fail to operate during an actual emergency. Mobile alerting routes have been planned throughout the PNPS plume exposure EPZ. In general, police, fire, or public works vehicles will be used. Each
. vehicle is equipped with a siren and/or public address system.
f i March 31,1998 14 i
L;, # PNPS Alert and'Notificatio2 System QA Verific tiom
, III. FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERION N.1
- On' September 29,1986,' the physical meansl(sirens) used to alert the population within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ were demonstrated to satisfy the alert and notification aspects of 44 CFR'350.9(a). This demonstration.was conducted by using the methods specified in Section N.1(a,b).2 of FEMA-REP-10.23 The results indicated that this portion of the ANS evaluation conforms to FEMA-REP-10 and NUREG 0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Rev.1.22 The September 29,1986, demonstration of the PNPS siren warning system consisted of a triple activation of all sirens and a subsequent tele plume exposure EPZ households actually The firstalerted.2 phone siren activation survey was initiated at to estima 3:00 p.m. EDT_(Eastern Daylight Time). The second siren activation occurred at 3:04 p.m.
EDT. The third siren activation occurred at 3:08 p.m. EDT. All sirens were reported operating during all activations. The telephone survey of plume exposure EPZ residences began at approximately 3:11 p.m. EDT and was completed within one hour and twenty-six minutes. This survey was- i
' conducted by utilizing 30 telephone interviewers, each with a WATS line and a computer
' terminal.
I "s The univere af households to be surveyed was determined by establishing a 14-mile-radius 4 circle ame.d the latitude and longitude of the plant. The sample incorporated a sorted master list of approximately 2,500 households (addresses and telephone numbers) believed to be within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ. A sufficient number of repli::ated subsamples were developed from this master list to ensure i that the required number of telephone calls would be made, i.e., to establish the proportion of households alerted to within a 5% precision at a 95% confidence level. The method for i sizing the sample to achieve this result is described in Attachment C to this report. The questionnaire used during this telephone survey and the results are included as Attachment D to this report. As part of the telephone survey,26 a total'of 313 households believed to be within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ were contacted, and the responses were collected in an automated data base. Of this group,57 respondents stated that they were not alerted. However, before i running the final tabulations, all of the addresses and cross streets obtained during the interviews were checked on maps to validate household locations. Of the 313 households, four were found to be outside the plume exposure EPZ. Therefore, data was tabulated on the 309 respondent households that were located within the plume exposure EPZ. Respondents at 53 of these households had been away from home at the time of the siren warning system ,
' demonstration and, therefore, were not included in the alerting analysis. Of the remaining j 256 households, 88.3 % (226) indicated that they had heard the siren (s) during the j demonstration. By using the estimated number of households within the plume exposure l EPZ (17,558 from Reference 2 of this repon) and the confidence interval expression in l Attachment C of this repon, an estimated 95% confidence interval that ranges from 83.8% to l 1
l March 31,1998 15 l j
,,7 c4 w PNPS Alert c::d Notincation Syst:m QA VcriGcctio2 91.6% is yielded for the proportion of the total plume exposure EPZ population alerted. -In other words, at the 95% confidence level, the between 83.8% to 91.6% of the households within the PNPS plume exposure EPZ _would have reported being alerted by the siren alerting
. system.
The' sample of 309 households was also used to estimate the proportion of households within the plume exposure EPZ that stated that they had received information about what to do in the event of a real emergency at PNPS. Of these 309 households, 72.8%'(225) responded
~t hat they had received the emergency information,23.3% (72) responded that they had not received the emergency information, and 3.8% (12) did not know or refused to state whether they had received the emergency information. Using the confidence interval approach just discu.ssed, the following emergency information estimates for the entire plume exposure EPZ
> population resulted in (at the 95% confidence interval):
-* Between 67.6% and 77.4%.of the households would have reported receiving the information; e ~ Between 19.0% and 28.3% of the households would have responded that they had not received the information; and
* - Between 2.2% and 6.6% of the households would not have known or would have refuseo to state whether they had received the information. -
In conclusion, no areas of the PNPS siren warning systent were identified as needing enhancements. i I March 31,1998 16 1
-[
t i
y, ' js; :N PNPS Alert c:d Notification System QA Vcrificatio2 IV. FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION CRITERId E.5, F.1, N.2, N.3, AND N.5 Those aspects'of the ANS addressin NUREG-0654/ FEMA-REP-1,have Rev.1,g evaluation been reviewed criteria by FEMA, and theE.5. F.1,' results are N.2, N.3, documented in FEMA's " Final Exercise Assessment, Joint State and Local Radiological Emergency _ Response . Exercise for - the- Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Plymouth, Massachusetts, September 5,1985," December 5,1985,"" ( . 7 March 31.1998 17 3
.- 7
, PNPS Alert r.pd N:tiflectio2 System QA Verifie:tio2 ~
- V.- REFERENCE LIST 1.- ' Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 1997. ' Massachusetts Radiological Emergency Response Plan." Revision 10. February 1997.
- 2. Boston Edison Company. ~ 1985. "Public alert and notification system for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (FEMA-43 Report)." Prepared by HMM Associates, Incorporated. June 1985.
. 3. Commonwealth ofMassachasetts.1997. " Comprehensive emergency response plan, appendix 3, radiological emergency response plan for fixed-site nuclear facilities." Revision 10.: February 1997.-
4.1 Town'of Kingston.- 1997. " Radiological emergency response plan." Revision 7. June 1997.
- 5. Town of Marshfield.1997. " Radiological emergency response plan." Revision 6. June 1997.
- 6. Town of Duxbury.1997. " Radiological emergency response plan." Revision 6 June 1997.
- 7. Town of Plymouth.1997. " Radiological emergency response plan." Revision 6. June 1997.
- 8. ' Town ofCarver.1997. " Radiological emergency response plan." Revision 6 fune 1997.
- 9. Boston Edison Company.1986. Letter to Edward A. Thomas, Division Chief, Natural and -
Technological Hazards, FEMA Region I, signed by Roger E. Silva, Emergency Preparedness Coordinator (attaching siren output and ambient noise level data). June 23,1986.
- 10. Boston Edison Company. ' 1990. Letter to Michelle Buteau, ERC (now Ogden)
Environmental and Energy Services Company, Inc signed by Ronald A. Varley, Manager, Emergency Preparedness. January 18,1990. I 1. Boston Edison Company. 1991. Letter to Jack Dolan, Chief, Technological Hazards Division, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I signed by Ronald A. Varley, Manager, Emergency Preparedness. July 22,1991.
- 12. The Butterworth Company. 1988. Map. " Emergency planning zone for plume exposure pathway, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station." 1988.
- 13. Federal Emergency Management Agency. (No date.) " Draft report on the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station siren test, June 19,1982." (No date.)
3 i March 31,1998 18
-e:
95
' PNPS Alert md N:tific tios Syst:m QA Vcriflecti:n
,, : 14. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1983. " Final report of thejoint state and local radiological emergency response exercise for the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Plymouth,
; Massachusetts, June 29,1983." September 26,1983.
I5. Federal Emergency Management Agency.1985. " Final exercise assessment, joint state and local radiological emergency response exercise for the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, . Plymouth, Massachusetts, September 5,1985." December 5,1985.
- 16. Federal Emergency Management Agency.1989. " Summary of deficiencies reponed, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station radiological emergency response exercise, October 12-13, 1989." October 1989.
- 17. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1990. " Final exercise assessment, joint state and local radiological emergency response exercise for the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Plymouth, Massachusetts, October 12-13,1989." A'ugust 27,1990.
- 18. Federal Emergency Management Agency.1993. " Exercise report: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 12,1991." February 23,1993.
- 19. Federal Emergency Management Agency. ' 1995. " Exercise report: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 7-9,- 1993." February 15,1995.
- 20. Federal Emergency Management Agency.1996. " Exercise repon: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 13,1995." April 5,1996. '
~
- 21. Federal Emergency Management Agency.1998. " Exercise report: Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth, Massachusetts, November 051997." January.16,1998.
- 22. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1980.
" Criteria for preparation and evaluation ofradiological emergency response plans and preparedness in support of nuclear power plants." NUREG- 0654/ FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1.
November 1980.
- 23. Federal Emergency Management Agency.1985. " Guide for the evaluation of alert and notification systems for nuclear power plants." FEMA-REP-10. November 1985.
- 24. International Energy Associates Limited. 1983. " Analysis of siren system pilot test."
IEAL-333. November 2,1983.
- 25. Federal Emergency Management Agency.1980. " Outdoor warning systems guide." CPG l-17. March 1,' 1980.
- 26. Chilton Research Services.1986. " Test of the community alert siren system for the Pilgrim
- Nuclear Power Station, methodology and tabulations." Report #9895M. October 14,1986.
March 31,1998 19 1
r.
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1 ' l Thus, the precision (W) is simply given by 1 1 2 P(1 - P) I N~ - nI e IN - n O c n- N- ~ 4n : Z,/ e N-n b 1+ n N-1 This equation can be solved to determine the sample size (n) required to yield a given precision .(W) with a given observed sample proportion (P) as follows: Z . .
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. C ,
Although this expression for n can be used directly, it is customary to make several approximations. First, since the term in N in the denominator (th'e finite population term) is positive definite for all reasonable values of W (0 < W < 0.5) , omitting this term will result in an approximation to n that is slightly larger than its true value. This is an acceptable practice in sizing.the sample since a larger sample gives greater precision. 1. Attachment C 2 i
',P o PNPS Alert cad N:tificatio2 System QA Verific tiom A second approximation that can be made is to neglect the terms i 2 s in_W .within the bracketLin the numerator. Analysis demonstrates
;that this underestimates n when P < 1/2 - 1/4 M 2 + BW2
~
or P > 1/2 + 1/4 1[2 + 8W2 and overestimates n for P between those two values. For the case of interest (a 95% confidence interval with precision of 0.05), this approximation provides an overestimation of n when a sample size greater than 191 is required. Since the sampling plan calls for a minimum sample
' size of 250, regardless of the ,value of P,- this approximation is acceptable because it also yields an' estimate of n larger than the true value. Therefore,-for the purposes of the pilot test and subsequent surveys, the following approximate equation can be used to determine whnther a sample size larger than 250 is required:
1 Z n= P(1 - P) - w-or using 1.96 for Ze and 0.05 for W, n = 1536.64 P(1 - P) Data from the pilot test can be used to illustrate the effects of these approximations. 7tn the pilot test, the population of tone alert households f rom which the sample was to be drawn (N) was approximately 4500 and the observed proportion alerted (P) was 0.675. This yields 311 as the exact result for n. Neglecting the finite population term yields an estimate of 334 for n, and the simplified final approximation estimates n as 338. Thus, the final simplified approximation overestimates the required sample size by 27 in this case. SOURCE: International Energy Associates Limited. " Analysis of Tono Alert Pilot Test." IEAL-321. September 27, 1983. Attachment C 3
F' PNPS Al:rt c d N:tiraciti:n Syst:m QA Verific:tirn l i i I l l ATTACHMENT D l TELEPHONE SURVEY AND RESULTS 1
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~. PNPS Al:rt a:d Nitificati:a Syst:en QA Verific:ti:s il3313Q Chilton Research Services - '
Study d6658 Radnor, Pennsylvania _ September, 1986 OMB #3067-0103'(FEMA 9/86) FEMA IAICLEAR POWER PLANT ALERTING
' AND NOTIFICATION SYSTDt PUBLIC TELEPHONE ~
SURVEY
- PILGRIM' Time Dialed: AM PM Interview #
(1-3)
' Time Began AM PM Zip Code (6-10) l Time Ended AM PM J
INTERVIEWERt Enter Sample Type (11)-
^
RECORD BEFORE DIALING - Telephone i (Area Code) (Exchange) (Numbe r) - (12-21)- INTRODUCTION: Hello,.my name is . We're calling households long distance from Chilton Research Services as part of a survey. This survey is sponsored by The
' Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of the United States Government.
Your answers are voluntary and will be kept strictly confidential.
- 1. First of all, is this (REPEAT # DIALED)?
l Yes 1
'l TERMINATE AND DIAL AGAIN No 2.
- 2. As you may or may not know, there was a test.of the public warning / alert notification ,
system for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. Did you, or any other member of this household, hear any type of emergency warning / alert signal from this test today? y 22- _ CONTINUE Yes 1 SKIP TO Q. 4A No 2 i Heard from CONTINUE another 3 source a5K if ANI QIh1A nUU5fJ10LD ",
"*" 0 MDiBER IS MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE l l
Attachment D l w-
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PNPS Al:rt and Ngtific:ti:2 Syst:m QA Verific:ti:n
- 3. What did you or your household hear? (D0 NOT READ. CIRCLE ALL ~ HAT APPLY)
(23-29) Siren 1 Neighbor told me 2 SI O Q. 4 Other f amily member told me 3 Other (SPECIFT) 4 CONTINUE Don't Know Y 3A. Did you hear . . . (READ LIST. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY) (30-36) A Siren 1 From Another Family Member 2
.From a Neighbor 3 Or by means of something else 4 (SPECIFY)
- i iI DO NOT READ Don't Know Y ,
4 (IF " HEARD EMERGENCY SIGNAL" ASK Q. 4 BELOW: OTHERWISE SKIP TO Q. 4A) Were you at home or away from home when you heard the siren signal? 37-1 SKIP To Q. 5 Away from home 2 Attachment D 2
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' PNPS Alertcad Notific tiom Systemi QA Veriflestion T ~
f4A. - (IF "3ID NOT liEAR EMERGENCY SIGNAL".)
' Were you at home 'around 3:00 this af ternoon?
38-3 [- ,y Yes 1 No. .2 Don't'Know Y 5.= . Has your household ever received information which tells you what to do in the' event of . a "real" emergency at the . Pilgria Nuclear. Power Station. This black booklet- [
; titled " Emergency. Public Information, What To Do In Case Of An Eeergency At Pilgria Nuclear Power Station" was issued by the Massachusetts Civil Defense Agency / Office of 1 Emergency Preparedness in August 1986. Do you remember receiving this information?
41 . Yes 1 No 2 Don't Know Y
- 6. Because' we need to determine whether or not you live within the 10 mile Emergency Planning Zone of Pilgria Nuclear Power, Station, would you please give me this address? (P&USE POR ANSWEE)
ADDRESS:- and the nearest intersection (or cross street) to this house. Also,' what community is this?
- On behalf of Chilton Research Services and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, I
.would like to thank you for your time and for giving us this valuable information.
luachmem D 3
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PNPS Alert cod Notific: tion System QA Verificatioa
'Date of Survey:
September 29,1986 Total households in the plume exposure EPZ are estimated to be: 1.7558000000E+04 Total respondents living in the plume exposure EPZ were: 3.0900000000E+02 Respondents surveyed at home equaled: 2.5600000000E+02
- 1. Percent Alerted Of those at home, the number ALERTED equaled: 2.2600000000E+02 Therefore the percent ALERTED was:
8.8281250000E+01 95% confidence variesfrom 8.3800703400E+01 to 9.1646067316E+01
- 2. Emergency Information Respondents RECEIVING information totaled:
2.2500000000E+02 Resulting in a percent WITH information of: 7.2815533980E+01 95% confidence variesfrom 6.7645164059E+01 to 7.7435279496E+01 Respondents NOT receiving information totaled: 7.2000000000E+01 Resulting in a percent WITHOUT of: 1 2.3300970874E+01 95% confidence variesfrom 1.8968120019E+01 to 2.8278169438E+01 Respondents who DID NOT KNOW totaled: 1.2000000000E+01 Resulting in a DID NOT KNOW percent of: 3.8834951456E+00 95% confidence variesfrom 2.2459283753E+00 to 6.6340261398E+00 Attachment D 10
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