ML20126A088

Testimony of Jf Myers & Ds Mileti Re Epj Contention 4(b) on Role Strain in Adult School Bus Drivers

ML20126A088
Person / Time
Site:	Harris
Issue date:	06/10/1985
From:	Mileti D, Myers J, Myes J CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT CO., NORTH CAROLINA MUNICIPAL POWER AGENCIES, NORTH CAROLINA, STATE OF
To:
Shared Package
ML20126A071	List: ML20126A068 ML20126A088
References
OL, NUDOCS 8506130226
Download: ML20126A088 (51)

Text

11 O

1

~

2 3

4 00LKETED June W,RC1985 5

6 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 15 JUN 12 A10:25 NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 7

rEPCE OF SECRr:TAF#

BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARMEimG & SEPVH f 8 BRANCH 9 In the Matter of )

)

10 CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT COMPANY ) .

and NORTH CAROLINA COMPANY ) Docket No. 50-400 OL 11 MUNICIPAL POWER AGENCY )

)

12 (Shearon Harris Nuclear Power )

Plant) )

13 14 15 TESTIMONY OF 16 JOSEPH F. MYERS AND DENNIS S. MILETI ON EPJ CONTENTION 4(b) 17 (ROLE STRAIN IN ADULT SCHOOL BUS DRIVERS) 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 8506130226 850610 PDR 26 T ADOCK 05000400 PDR

e d

w 1 Q.1 Please state your names.

2 A.1 Joseph F. Myers (JFM) and Dennis S. Mileti (DSM).

3 _Q.2 Mr. Myers, by whom are you employed, and what is your 4 position?

5 A.2 (JFM): I am the Director of the Division of Emergen-6 cy Management ("DEM") of the North Carolina Department of Crime 7 Control and Public Safety. The basic responsibilities of DEM 8 include fulfilling the State's role in emergency planning for 9 natural and manmade disasters, in respor: ding to and recovering 10 from disasters, and in mitigating their effects.

11 Q.3 Please summarize your professional qualifications and 12 experience.

13 A.3 (JEM): As Director of DEM, I have been involved in 14 the development of the offsite emergency capability for the 15 Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, as well as the Catawba, 16 McGuire, and Brunswick nuclear plants. Since February 1985, I 17 have had overall authority for emergency preparedness activi-18 ties concerning the Harris plant. Prior to this, I was for 19 nine years employed as Area Coordinator for the Division of 20 Emergency Management Area E, which includes portions of the 21 emergency planning zones for the Catawba and McGuire nuclear 22 power plants. In this position, I was responsible for offsite 23 emergency plans, drills and exercises for the counties involved 24 with those plants. I was also responsible for overall emergen-25 cy preparedness in that Area, and directed the State's response 26

C 1 to hundreds of emergencies in the past two years in Area E. I 2 have also coordinated the State's response to over 100 3 emergencies while in my current position as Director of the Di-4 vision of Emergency Management. In addition, I have supported 5 DEM staff on location in responding to statewide amergencies 6 such as the tornadoes in March 1984, Hurricane Diana in 7 September 1984, and the forest fires which occurred across the 8 State in the Spring of this year. A complete statement of my 9 professional qualifications is appended as Attachment 1 to this 10 testimony.

11 Q.4 Dr. Mileti, by whom are you employed, and what is 12 your position?

13 A.4 (DSM): I am a Professor in the Department of Sociol-14 ogy and Director of the Hazards Assessment Laboratory at 15 Colorado State University, specializing in those areas of study 1.6 dealing with organizations, hazards, policy and methods (with a 17 particular emphasis on public response to emergencies).

18 Q.5 Please summarize your professional qualifications.

19 A.5 (DSM): I received my Bachelor of Arts degree in So-20 ciology in 1968 from the University of California at 21 Los Angeles. In 1971 I was awarded a Master of Arts degree in 22 Sociology from California State University, Los Angeles. From 23 1971 to 1972, I was an Instructor in the Department of Sociolo-24 gy at the University of Colorado, Boulder. I completed my doc-25 terate degree in Sociology in 1974 at the University of 26 e

1 Colorado, Boulder. From 1974 to 1978 (when I was appointed an 2 Associate Professor at Colorado State University), I held the 3 position of Assistant Professor at that institution. I became 4 a full Professor this year. I have taught numerous undergradu-5 ate courses including Introduction to Sociology, Complex Orga-6 nizations, Sociology of Disasters, Research Methods, Theory, 7 Demographic Processes, and Social Change. In addition, I have 8 taught courses at the graduate level such as Advanced Quantita-9 tive Analysis, Research Methods I and II, Demography and Popu-10 lation, and Complex Organizations.

11 In 1975 I was appointed Visiting Assistant Professor at 12 the University of Southern California Graduate School of Public 13 Administration. From 1978 to 1979, I was an Invited Instructor 14 for the Chautauqua Short Course Program sponsored by the Ameri-15 can Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1981, I was 16 . appointed Policy Analyst for the Seismic Safety Commission by 17 the State of California. (During the year I served this ap-18 pointment, I was on leave from my university duties).

19 I am also active in a number of professional organiza-20 tions, including the American Sociological Association; the In-21 ternational Sociological Association; the Pacific Sociological 22 Association; the Midwest Sociological Society; the Earthquake 23 Engineering Research Institute; the Society for the Study of 24 Risk Analysis; and the American Association for the Advancement 25 of Science. I currently also serve as a member of the 26

e.

1 Committee on Natural Disasters in the National Academy of Sci-2 ences. A complete statement of my professional qualifications 3 is appended as Attachment 2 to this testimony.

, 4 Q.6 What is the purpose of this testimony?

5 A.6 (JFM, DSM): The purpose of this testimony is to re-6 spond to EPJ Contention 4(b). As originally admitted by the 7 Atomic Safety and Licensing Board, that contention asserted:

8 Section E4d of State Procedures (p. 47) is deficient because [a]dult bus drivers have 9 minimal education and are paid very low wages. They cannot be trusted to put their 10 jobs above family obligations or to perform adequately in emergency situations.

11 However, the' Board has since " rule [d] out litigation on whether 12 the wages the adult drivers are paid and the education they've 13 received are so low that they 'cannot be trusted' to perform 14 their public duties competently in an emergency." The Board 15 focused on adult school bus drivers (as opposed to student-age 16 drivers) based on its reasoning that adult school bus drivers 17 "would very likely not already be at the schools when they were 18 called upon to evacuate the schools, and are more'likely than 19 the student drivers are to have family obligations." The Board 20 therefore concluded that, in the event of an evacuation, " adult 21 drivers would very likely have the opportunity student drivers 22 would not have -- to weigh conflicting obligations." In short, 23 the sole remaining issue is " role conflict" or " role strain" 24 (between family obligations and emergency response roles) in i 25 l

26 '

I

1 adult school bus drivers in the event of an evacuation due to a 2 radiological emergency at the Harris plant.

3 Q.7 What is " role conflict"?

4 A.7 (DSM): The notion of " role conflict" is a concept in 5 the social sciences based on the following ideas. Individuals 6 in society play many different roles, and each role has certain 7 rights and obligations in particular social relationships. Be-8 cause each person plays many different roles, the rights and 9 obligations of one role may be consistent with those of another 10 role, or irrelevant to or in " conflict" with another role. The 11 concept of role " conflict" is generally used uncritically, as

~

12 an either/or matter in which a person is forced to choose be-13 tween two or more roles. " Conflict" implies equally weighted 14 contradictory alternatives, requiring a person to choose one 15 role to play while abandoning another. This condition is rare-16 ly, if ever, found in actual social life. A more accurate term 17 is role " strain," which denotes the difficulty felt by an indi-18 vidual in fulfilling different role obligations at the same 19 time. Role " strain" is preferable because it describes more 20 accurately the actual conditions that people experience in all 21 of social life, not just those of emergencies. Role " strain" 22 is something with which people cope in most social situations 23 and is a permanent feature of social life.

24 Q.8 How did the idea of " role conflict" originate?

25 26 V ,

1 A.8' (DSM)

The seed of the present controversy over role e .

2 strain in workers in radiological emergencies may be found in 3 the.widely-quoted article by Lewis Killian, "The Significance 4 of Multi-Group Membership in Disaster," American Journal of 5 Sociology, January 1952, pp. 309-314. Killian's article was 6 one of the first major publications on behavior in emergencies 7 and disasters that had widespread distribution among social 8 scientists, and it provides an unusually vivid illustration of 9 the purported consequences of " role conflict." .As a result, it 10 has been used repeatedly to explain the concept in introductory 11 textbooks and has recently been used to support a hypothesized 12 " problem" for emergency planning, that is, that the ability of 13 emergency workers to do their emergency jobs during a ra-14 diological emergency at a nuclear power plant might initially

'15 be constrained by family obligations. What was intended by 16 Killian as a mere illustration of a concept has now been dis-17 torted into the status of a universal truth about behavior in 18 emergencies, primarily by those who have not read Killian's#ar-19 ticle carefully.

20 Killian illustrated several different potential " role con-21 flict" situations. Several of these were situations in which 22 people involved had no definite responsibilities in the emer-23 gency social system (that is, in the mobilization of community 24 resources to deal with the emergency). Since these people had 25 no specific disaster responsiblities, it is difficult to know 26

\

1 exactly what it was that their " family" obligations are sup-2 posed to have prevented them from doing.

3 Thus, Killian's examples stood for the simple proposition 4 that, if people have no definite " role" in an emergency, it 5 will be unclear to them what they should do. Significantly, in 6 the illustrations Killian used (which were case studies), those 7 who did have occupational roles relevant to the emergency per-8 formed them and even expressed concern that they could not do 9 more. In addition, Killian, while seeming to present cases of 10 potential conflict, pointed out that none of this had any real 11 effect on the operation of the emergency social system. An 12 accurate reading of Killian's original article is that although 13 people with emergency roles will express anxiety about poten-14 tial conflicting obligations in emergencies, they will perform 15 those roles that are more immediately relevent to the emergency 16 social system.

17 In short, role strain (or what is called " role conflict" 18 by some) is what is experienced by people who find themselves 19 in a situation where the demands of different roles are being 20 made on them at the same time. Role strain (or " conflict")

21 does not imply that one role's obligations will be serviced 22 while another's are abandoned.

23 Q.9 Can you give us an example of " role conflict"?

24 A.9 (DSM): Most of the examples used to illustrate role 25 conflict are based on classic stereotypes of family life that 26 are, in reality, quite atypical.

1 The classic stereotype postulates the following hypotheti-2 cal family and social situation: an employed (and competent) 3 male whose place of employment is separated from the location 4 of his unemployed (and incompetent) wife, who is with their 5 small (and anxious) children. The family's location is in 6 potential danger. This isolated family segment is presumed to 7 lack alternative sources of immediately available support, such 8 as kin or neighbors. Further, it is assumed that the husband 9 has no means of assuring the safety of the rest of the family 10 while at his post. Finally, it is presumed that the 11 employee-husband has a vague and perhaps inconsequential emer-12 gency responsibility.

13 From this mix of assumptions, one might prophesy that the 14 strong, competent husband might leave his post and go home to 15 take care of his family, or delay doing anything, until he 16 somehow was personally assured that his wife and children were 17 being taken care of. If he did leave or delay, the organiza-18 tion would lose an employee, albeit one who lacked organiza-19 tional commitment and perhaps adaptability. That loss, how-20 ever, is unlikely to be particularly significant to the 21 operation of the organization. On the other hand, the individ-22 ual might return in a few minutes to assume his role.

23 Moreover, the family system visualized in the classic 24 " role conflict" example is an atypical living arrangment. Fam-25 ilies with an employed male and unemployed wife with small 26 C

1 chilcren at home constitute only about 13 percent of American 2 families, according to the 1980 census.

3 Q,10 How closely do the adult bus drivers who would assist 4 with school evacuation fit such stereotypes?

5 A.10 (JFM): Of a total of approximately 96 bus drivers to 6 be used in school evacuation, only approximately 38 would be 7 adults. Approximately 15 of these 38 live in the Harris plume 8 exposure pathway emergency planning zone; and, of those 15, 9 only 3 have pre-school children, or disabled or aged relatives 10 at home during school hours. Two of these three typically have 11 other competent adult fami.ly members at home during school 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br />. While these numbers obviously will fluctuate somewhat 13 over time, it is reasonable to expect that those serving as

, 14 drivers during the 1984-85 school year (as discussed above) 15 would be typical of coming school years. Consequently, it can 16 be expected tnat only a very few of the adult bus drivers are 17 likely to have dependents at home during school hours for whom 18 arrangements would need to be made.

19 In addition, at least some of the bus drivers with fami-20 lies inside the EPZ would be assuring the safety of their own 21 children by assisting with the evacuation of their children's 22 school system in an emergency.

23 Q.11 Is it possible that some of the emergency workers 24 would experience' role strain (" conflict") in the event of a ra-25 diological emergency at the Harris plant?

26 a

1 A.11 (DSM): It is important to distinguish between role 2 strain, which is a mental state (a feeling of concern and 3 unease), and role abandonment, which is a type of behavior.

4 Thus, while it is to be expected that emergency workers would 5 experience some role strain during an emergency at Harris, this 6 does not mean that they would abandon their emergency roles be-7 cause of it.

8 Q.12 Is there any authority to support this view?

9 A.12 (DSM): Yes. Human response to emergencies has been 10 a topic of investigation by social scientists for over three 11 decades. This research history has covered many aspects of 12 human behavior; and an important component of this work has 13 been to investigate the behavior of people with roles of re-14 sponsibility in emergency response. The principles of emergen-15 cy worker response -- well-established through decades of re-16 search and investigation -- would be applicable in the event of 17 an emergency at a nuclear facility such as the Harris plant, 18 anc would be as applicable to adult bus drivers as to any other 19 group of emergency workers.

20 The scholar who first gave us the concept of " role con-21 flict" in disasters and emergencies was also the first to step 22 forward to begin a clarification of what really goes on in 23 emergencies with respect to " role conflict" and role abandon-24 ment. In 1954 (only two years after his first article on role 25 conflict) Lewis M. Killian published a paper entitled "Some 26 9

1 Accomplishments and'Some Needs in Disaster Study," The Journal.

-2 of Social' Issues X: .66-72.

3 Killian's 1954; article addressed'whether or not role 4 strain will result in role abandonment during emergencies. He 5 wrote, on page 69, that "The possession by the individual of a 6 clear-conception of a role which he can or should play seems to 7 be conducive to organized adaptive behavior." What Killian was 8 saying is that emergencies are not social disorganization, and 9 role strain does not result in role abandonment if emergency 10 workers are provided -- before an emergency'-- with a clear 11 idea of what their emergency roles are.

12 Q.13 Have later studies confirmed Killian's theories?

13 A.13 (DSM): Yes. In 1961, Charles E. Fritz wrote another 14 classic piece of literature in the field in which he -tried to 15 bring things up-to-date. It was titled, simply, " Disaster" 16 (pages 651-694 in Merton and Nisbet *(eds.) Contemporary Social 17 Problems, New York: Harcourt).

18 On page 675 of this book (which itself became a classic 19 textbook on social problems), Fritz addresses how families, 20 emergency jobs, people with emergency jobs, and people without 21 emergency jobs are related. In essence, Fritz (who was until 22 recently on the National Academy of Sciences' National Research 23 Council in the " disaster-research" component) laid the ground-24 work for the following hypotheses: (1) All people are con-25 cerned for loved ones in disaster. (2) Most people do not have 26 i

1 emergency roles, and these people are torn between loyalty to 2 intimates and loyalty to the community; most of these people 3 first tend to their intimates and only then volunteer for emer-4 gency work. (3) People with clearly defined emergency jobs, 5 however, do these jobs, but with a considerable degree of per-6 sonal stress until they are assured of the safety of intimates.

7 (4) Special provisions can be made to assure emergency workers 8 of the safety of family and intimates and to alleviate this 9 stress for them. Consequently, (5) role conflict for emergency 10 workers that have a clear notion of their emergency role is a 11 mental and not a behavioral phenomenon.

12 Q.14 What other support is there for this view?

13 A.14 (DSM): In 1962, Meda White wrote a report at the 14 University of Chicago. It was entitled Role Conflict in 15 Disasters: Not Family but Familiarity First. White did her 16 work eight years after these disasters occurred, so she was re-17 searching the disasters in communities with emergency plans of 18 the generally unsatisfactory sort that were to be found in the 19 early 1950's. Nevertheless, she found in research on three 20 different emergencies that 82% of the people studied contrib-21 uted to disaster activity first over the family and that this 22 rose to 89% after the first four hours of the disaster. She 23 concluded that " role certainty" is a requisite for what emer-24 gency workers do in an emergency -- that is, people seek role 25 certainty in emergencies. If the emergency work role is 26 t

n Th f;.

,1

+ss 1 uncertain, people will opt for family roles, which are more 2 clearly knowniand certain. However, if emergency roles can be 3 made "certain," then' people.will perform their emergency jobs.

4 'Q.15 What are the most'recent authoritative works on this 5 subject?

t.

6 A.15 (DSM): In a 1970 book titled Organized Behavior in

.7 Disaster-(Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Health), Russell Dynes tried 8 to set the record straight. In a different way, he reported 9 the knowledge reviewed above. Citing Killian's statement that-

'10 "in none'of the four communities studied did the disastrous 11 consequences contemplated above seem to have materialized,"

12 Dynes explained:

13 Part of the explanation of the fact that the " disastrous consequences contem-14 plated" did not materialize is that the abandonment of organizational roles simply 15 does not occur. While such conflict is theoretically possible and while'individ-16 uals are obviously' confronted with the choice of alternative actions, it seems -

17 clear that they do not abandon their roles in disaster-relevant organizations.

18 Perhaps the most all-inclusive research work'on role 19

+ strain / abandonment ever performed was written by E. L.

20 Quarantelli (and co-authored by Russell Dynes, although his 21 name does not appear on the report), through the Disaster Re-22 search Center at Ohio State University. It is titled  :

23 f Structured Factors in the Minimization of Pole Conflict: A  ;

24  !

Re-Examination of Significance of Multiple Group Membership in 25 26 t

1 Disasters. This work was based on 150 different emergencies 2 and disasters, and included interviews of more than 6000 emer-3 gency workers. Not even one case was found where the func-4 tioning of an emergency organization was undermined by emergen-5 cy personnel not reporting for duty. Indeed, in many 6 instances, an over-supply of personnel was reported.

7 In short, research conducted on the actual behavior of 8 people with defined organizational responsibilities in 9 emergencies establishes that emergency workers who have a clear 10 idea of their emergency roles do their emergency jobs.

11 Q.16 Can you briefly summarize why this is the case?

12 A.16 (DSM): The absence (for all practical purposes) of 13 evidence of persons abandoning known emergency roles over a 14 wide range of emergency events in the past illustrates that 15 there are certain structural changes in the community during 16 emergencies that reduce role strain. Role obligations are 17 based on values and, during non-emergency " normal" times, peo-18 ple expend effort on many different values, some potentially 19 contradictory. An emergency changes this process dramatically.

20 Some values become clearly more important than others, and peo-21 ple experiencing the emergency generally agree on the few that 22 take precedence over all others.

23 This phenomenon is the development of what has been called 24 the " emergency consensus." In this consensus, people become 25 altruistic, and protection of the community becomes the highest 26 e

e 1 priority. Other values become drastically less important.

2 This temporary shift in values simplifies the role obligations 3 of people, and greatly reduces the potential for role strain.

4 People are " released" to concentrate on the critical tasks of 5 the emergency. The value priorities in an emergency thus alle-6 viate, rather than aggravate, role strain for community mem-7 bers. Those with identified emergency roles are therefore able 8 to fulfill them, rather than ignore the emergency in order to 9 tend to the obligations of other roles.

10 Q.17 If an emergency worker knows his role in advance, is 11 the worker better able to prepare for an emergency?

12 A.17 (DSM): People who know in advance of an emergency 13 (should one ever occur) that they have emergency roles to play 14 are able to make informal family contingency plans in advance 15 of the emergency. For example, families can make plans in 16 advance of an emergency to ensure that -- in an emergency --

17 the non-emergency-worker spouse (or other appropriate person) 18 will take the appropriate measures to protect the family unit 19 in the absence of the emergency worker. Similar pre-emergency 20 plans can be made to provide for the continuation throughout an 21 emergency of child care arrangements in place at the time any 22 emergency occurs. Such pre-emergency planning can also provide 23 for the assumption by relatives, friends or neighbors of other 24 usual responsibilities of the emergency worker. Indeed, in 25 past em'ergencies, even in the absence of such contingency 26

1 plans, the role obligations of emergency workers toward inti-2 mates (including family) have generally been shifted and as-3 sumed by other non-emergency-worker members of the intimate 4 group, thereby freeing the emergency worker to fulfill assigned 5 emergency roles.

6 Q.18 Is there anything else about emergency workers that 7 makes them less susceptible to role abandonment?

8 A.18 (DSM): Because emergency workers' jobs provide them 9 with information about the emergency, they have access to 10 accurate and more informed knowledge of the scope of the risk, 11 and are therefore better able to assess the " danger" to family 12 membe r s '.

13 In addition, emergency workers fulfill their role obliga-14 tions in emergencies because of the cohesiveness of the work 15 group. People with knowledge of their emergency roles do not 16 wish to let their co-workers down. In emergencies, the need to 17 have emergency work performed is obvious, and the emergency 18 role takes on added importance. The sense of obligation to 19 perform that role is strengthened, and the sense of obligation 20 to the community as a whole is strengthened. And, since part 21 of the traditional image of spouse and parent includes the ob-22 ligation to perform adequately the necessary work-related emer-23 gency roles, the traditional role reinforces (rather than con-24 flicts with) the emergency role of the emergency worker.

25 26 1 Q.19 Is the location of an emergency worker at the time of 2 an emergency an important factor in determining whether that 3 worker will respond to his emergency position?

4 A.19 (DSM): No. Emergency workers who are at home when 5 an emergency begins will likely continue to play the roles they 6 are performing at the time (for example, father, husband, wife, 7 mother, and so on) for a relatively brief period of time.

8 These roles are serviced as decisions are made that enable them 9 to feel free about separating family members so that emergency 10 roles can be performed. What might seem to be a potential for 11 delay in reporting for duty is not, in operation, a real prob-12 lem because: (a) most emergencies do not begin with the need 13 for immediate and dramatic actions like evacuation; emergency 14 organizations can be mobilized in stages while families com-15 plete decision-making, with other family members or intimates 16 assuming the potential family role obligations of the emergency 17 worker who has reported for work; (b) most families include at 18 least one other member who is competent (i.e., able to drive, 19 listen to emergency information, and make decisions) and able 20 to assume the potential family role responsibilities of the 21 absent emergency worker; and (c) workers are typically anxious 22 to resolve other responsibilities and report to their emergency 23 work stations. Workers away from home when an emergency begins 24 typically improvise ways to assure themselves of the safety of 25 intimates (through ad hoc, informal channels), while tending to 26 their emergency job duties at the same time.

1 Q.20 Where are the adult bus drivers likely to be, should 2 they ever be called upon to assist with school evacuation due 3 to an emergency at Harris?

4 A.20 (JFM): Of the approximately 38 designated adult bus 5 drivers who would be available to assist with school evacua-6 tion, approximately 21 are employed in some other capacity on 7 the staff of the schools (12 inside the EPZ). Thus, a signifi-

'8 cant proportion of adult drivers would already be at their 9 emergency stations if an evacuation were ordered while school 10 was in session. Of the remainder, only approximately 14 are 11 typically at their homes on school days. In short, while these 12 numbers will fluctuate to some degree over time, it can be ex-13 pected that the majority of the adult bus drivers already would 14 be away from home, at work (many at schools), if needed to as-15 sist with the evacuation of schools.

16 Q.21 Can you summarize why role strain would not be ex-17 pected to preclude an adequate emergency response in the event 18 of a radiological emergency at the Harris plant?

19 A.21 (DSM): The potential of role strain for reducing the 20 effectiveness of emergency response is minimized by the organi-21 zational and occupational assignment of emergency responsibili-22 ty. Assigning clear responsibility creates clear direction for 23 behavior and ensures that the work of emergency response orga-24 nizations is fulfilled. Further, assigning clear responsibili-25 ty makes it clear to emergency workers that they have 26 1 responsibilities to their co-workers. Failing to report for 2 work would increase the burden on others. In addition, advance 3 knowledge of one's emergency role allows the emergency worker 4 to arrange to avoid role " conflict" and indeed to fill the role 5 of family member more effectively than if he or she were not an 6 cmergency worker. The worker can preplan for family safety in 7 an emergency. Also, because of organizational ties, the emer-8 gency worker is more likely to receive information about the 9 nature of the emergency and the nature of the risk, which al-10 lows the worker to fulfill family obligations more effectively.

11 Finally, due to the formation of the " emergency consensus" 12 discussed above, in actual emergencies, people conform to 13 pro-social behavior patterns and assume their roles under the 14 emergency plan, even where they have earlier asserted that they 15 would not do so. Thus, while it is possible that some few 16 might be found who would swear in advance that they would not 17 perform their emergency functions in an emergency (as would be 18 expected near other nuclear reactors besides Harris), I have no 19 doubt that -- in a real radiological emergency -- emergency 20 workers generally (including adult school bus drivers) would 21 perform their assigned functions.

22 Q.22 How can emergency workers be made aware of their re-23 sponse roles, and be provided with information to ensure their 24 performance in an emergency?

25 26 1 A.22 (DSM): Emergency worker role performance is ensured -

2 by training. Training provides the context for those individ-3 uals to preplan activities that allow them to impiament their 4 emergency roles, such as providing back-up and supplementary 5 options for continuing family responsibility.

6 In particular:

7 (1) Training gives the emergency worker a clear understanding of what is expect-8 ed of him or her -- of what his or her emergency role is.

9 (2) Training makes the worker aware of the 10 advantages of making family contingen-cy plans in advance of an emergency.

11 (3) Training makes the worker aware that 12 the community and the emergency worker's co-workers depend on him or 13 her.

14 (4) Training informs the worker about the nature of.the radiation risk.

15 Q.23 Are the adult bus drivers who would assist with 16 school evacuation receiving such training?

17 A.23 (JEM): Like all emergency workers, all bus drivers 18 who would assist with school evacuation are being trained. In 19 fact, back up bus drivers are being trained, to ensure a ready 20 supply of substitute drivers should a designated driver be 21 unavailable for any reason at the time of an emergency.

22 The training provided to each emergency worker includes, 23 at a minimum, (a) training on basic radiation concepts, (b) an 24 overview of the offsite emergency plan, and (c) training on the 25 26 F

1 individual worker's specific role in the plan. The training 2 program also emphasizes to workers the importance of 3 pre-planning and discussing with their families their roles as 4 emergency workers and the actions to be taken by the family in 5 an emergency. The training for bus drivers will be completed 6 by the time of fuel load at the Harris plant. Refresher 7 training is offered on an annual basis.

8 Q.24 Dr. Mileti, please summarize your testimony.

9 A.24 (DSM): A large body of historical evidence shows 10 that the functioning of emergency organizations is not hampered 11 by failure of emergency workers to perform their jobs. In 12 spite of role strain, such workers perform effectively. More-13 over, training for emergency work can reduce role strain and 14 enhance the effective performance of emergency workers. While 15 role abandonment may be theoretically possible, it is certainly 16 extremely rare, and consequently it does not reduce organiza-17 tional effectiveness. Indeed, the typical problem in 18 emergencies is not that too few workers report for duty, but 19 rather that too many persons volunteer.

20 Q.25 Mr. Myers, how does the experience of the State of 21 North Carolina compare to Dr. Mileti's observations?

22 A.25 (JFM): North Carolina emergency workers are on 23 record as performing their assigned functions in the face of 21 imminent life-threatening' situations, such as the tornadoes in 25 March 1984, Hurricane Diana in September 1984, and the forest 26 s

1 fires which occurred across the State in the Spring of this 2 year.

3 A specific illustration of this responsiveness is the 4 April 10, 1984 evacuation of Marshville, North Carolina, neces-5 sitated by the derailment of several railcars carrying 6 methanol. One of the derailed tank cars broke open, and a fire 7 started. Emergency officials -- concerned about the fire, the 8 threat of explosion, and the toxic properties of methanol --

9 made the decision to evacuate the Town of Marshville (including 10 the two schools then in session). Adult bus drivers, from the 11 school staff, were utilized to evacuate all of the students 12 from the two schools. The evacuation was completed within a 13 matter of minutes. A number of the school staff had family 14 living in Marshville, within the evacuated area. Nevertheless, 15 none of the bus drivers refused to undertake the assigned du-16 ties in this emergency.

17 In short, historical experience with State and local emer-18 gency workers, as well as the training being provided to all 19 bus drivers assisting with school evacuation, provide confi-20 dence that the adult bus drivers will respond in the event of 21 an emergency at the Harris plant, and will perform their as-22 signed function -- evacuating the students from the schools 23 within the EPZ.

24 25 26

, a j

. 4

• a

}

4 t

CAPABILITY PROFILE' - . _

1

}

JOSEPli F. MYERS U

- EDUCATION h Graduated - Swain County High School ,1 1967 Bryson City, North Carolina 1967 University of Tennessee g Knoxville, Tennessee -

l Department of Education 1968 - 1971 Western Carolina University Cullowhee, North Carolina -

j -

Graduated - B.S. Education d Major Course Work: Social Studies

]

1975 Winthrop College -

Rock Hill, South Carolina -

Emergency Manngement Career Development

- , ==

Santa Barbara University - j Santa Barbara, California HONORS, AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS RECEIVED ._

1966 Football Scholarship - Western Carolina University 1968 - 1971 North Carolina Vocational Rehabilitation Grant Western Carolina University f SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS AND SKILLS 2

Publication: Operational Guide For Fixed Nuclear Facility Accident -

G1cGuire' Nuclear Station). (A handbook for elected and appointed e officials and key emergency personnel) m Publication: " State Emergency Response Team Overview" (Handout)

Extensive Public Speaking: TV; Radio; County and City elected officials; Educators; Emergency Service personnel; Health Service personnel; Law Enforcement personnel -

=

n

. . M

i l l

4 l

4 / EMPLOYMENT JOB TITLE '

Jan.1985 - Present Director:

' North Carolina Division of Emergency Management Department of Crime Control and Public Safety Raleigh, North Carolina Duties and Responsibilities:

Responsible for the State of North Carolina emergency response and planning. This includes the coordination of all emergency response activities of 17 state agencies.

I serve as the State. Coordinating Officer and the Governor's Authorized

Representative in all disaster related matters. In emergencies,I serve as leader of the State Emergency Response Team. I have coordinated the State's response to over 100 emergencies while in my current position as Director of the Division of Emergency j- Management. In addition, I have supported DEM staff on location in responding to statewide emergencies such as the forest fires which occurred across the state in the spring of this year.

As Director of DEM, I have been involved in the development of the offsite emergency capability for the Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, as well as the Catawba, McGuire and Brunswick nuclear plants. Since February 1985, I have had overall authority for emergency preparedness activities concerning the Harris plant.

1976 - Jan.1985 Area Coordinator:

' North Carolina Division of Emergency Management Department of Crime Control and Public Safety Raleigh, North Carolina Duties and Responsibilities Responsible for assisting 20 North Carolina counties in developing a Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM) Program. I assisted counties in developing and providing technical information in emergency planning, preparedness and response. Assisted countlet and state agencier in maintaining a state of readiness to support any emergency operation. Provided assistance to local government and state regional agencies in developing plans and exercises in support of Radiological Emergency Preparedness.

Provided ansistance in the development and amending of local government and state regional plans for responding to hazardous material incidents. ,

I served as the on-scene coordinator of state regional response to a variety of emergency situations, predominantly within my 20-county area. However, I was subject to respond to any emergency situation within the state that was beyond the capability of one area.

Once at the scene, I represented the State Emergency Response Team and served i

as an on-site evaluator for the State making operational recommendations and serving as a liaison between local government and State government. For example: During a

6 Presidential declared natural disaster, a fixed nuclear facility incident, or a major chemical fire, the State Emergency Response Team serves as the Governor's on-site field staff.

In summary, my job encompassed the full spectrum of developing Comprehensive Emergency Management (Mitigation-Preparedness-Response-Recovery) at the locallevel and integrating it into the existing elements of government; i.e. emergency planning, communications, fire, medical and environmental health. At the area level, more emphasis is placed on preparedness and response activities. Preparedness activities constitute developing and/or maintaining 20 county Disaster Relief & Assistance Plans (all hazard), including hazardous material response plans, fixed nuclear facility plans and Nuclear Civil Protection Plans. Training activities include developing and/or coordinating Shelter Manager Courses, Damage Assessment Courses, radiological Monitoring Courses, Field Exercises with Hazardous Material Scenarios and Public Officials Conferences. Response activities are usually of the hazardous material nature (air-water-solid & hazardous waste), caused by fire, spills or contamination.

Accomplishments PUBLICATION (1980) -Developed Handbook for elected officials and .

emergency workers in response to an accident at the McGuire Nuclear Station .  ;

Author of " SERT Overview" Handout (1980)

Appreciation Award (Speaker)

Lincoln County Kiwanis Club '

Subject:

" Protection in the Nuclear Age" (1979)

East Gaston County Rotary Club -(Speaker - 1980)

Subject:

" North Carolina Response to an Incident at the McGuire Nuclear Station"

, WBTV Channel 3 - Charlotte, North Carolina " Top of the Day" Show (Speaker)

Subject:

" North Carolina Response to an Incident at the McGuire Nuclear Station" WAYS Radio - Charlotte, North Carolina

Subject:

" Fixed Nuclear Facility Planning" WSOC Radio - Charlotte, North Carolina

Subject:

" Fixed Nuclear Facility Planning" ,

WTVI Channel 42 - Charlotte, North Carolina Live debate on " Survival of Nuclear War" with State Department Officials WBTV Channel 3 - Charlotte, North Caolina "First Edition" Show

Subject:

" North Carolina Response to an Incident at the McGuire Nuclear Station"

~. _ ___

' O 4

f Coordinated the planning and implementation of county response plans to an incident at the McGuire Nuclear Station. This involved six North Carolina counties and is considered one of the first official operational plans reflecting the new regulations established by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 1980.

Coordinated the planning and implementation of county response plans to an incident at the Catawba Nuclear Station. This involved five North Carolina counties in 1984.

Coordinated a Fixed Nuclear Facility Disaster Exercise. This exercise involved the actual . notification, evacuation, sheltering and feeding of approximately 400 citizens due to an incident at the McGuire Nuclear Station. This exercise involved hundreds of Federal, State, local and private-sector resources.

Duke Power Company's Response to an Incident at the McGuire Nuclear Station Workshop - (Speaker - 1980)

Subject:

"The Role of North Carolina to an Incident at the McGuire

• 4 Nuclear Station" Table Top Conferences for counties within a 10-mile radius of the McGuire Nuclear .

Station - (Speaker - 1980)

! Worked on emergency planning for the Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant Appreciation Award (Instructor)

N.C.~ Justice Academy

Subject:

" Role of the Law Enforcernent Officer in an Emergency Management Program"(1977)

International Conference of Police Chaplains - (Speaker - 1981)

Columbia, South Carolina

Subject:

" Developing a County Disaster Program" School Emergency Planning & Curriculum Development Conference (K-12) i Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina (Developed and conducted In-Service Training for County Principals &

i Teachers) i Assisted in the disaster relief and recovery efforts between Federal, State and 16 North Carolina counties due to a Presidential declared disaster caused by flash flooding (1977 - 1978).

Assisted in the disaster relief and recovery efforts betw'een Federal, State and 14 counties due to a Presidential declared disaster due to tornadoes and hurricanes in i 1984.

Phase II " Developing a Civil Preparedness Program"- (Speaker - 1978)

Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina

Subject:

"The Federal Audit System Involving Civil Preparedness Funds &

Program" l

l

4 I

Basic Seminar for New County Emergency Management Coordinators (Moderator and Chief Instructor)

. Asheville, NC Conferences for Business & Industry (Speaker)

Subject:

"The Role of the Private Sector in a Comprehensive Emergency Management Program" c

Damage Assessment Workshops -(Speaker - 1978 - 1984)

(Spoke throughout 20 counties in North Carolina)

Subject:

" Systematic Methods of Compiling Damage Assessment Data in 4

Order to Obtain Federal Assistance After a Disaster Incident" .

Shelter Management Workshops -(Speaker - 1977 - 1984)

(Spoke throughout 20 counties in North Carolina)

Subject:

" Shelter Organization, Staffing and Activation" J

Conferences for Elected Officials - (1980 - 1984) -

(Conducted private session with county elected officials concerning the development of a county Comprehensive Emergency Management Program.)

Completed " Managing the Search Function Course and Instructors Workshop" -

(1984).

Table Top Workshops for 20 counties within North Carolina concerning local government's response to a disaster situation.

Developed and instructed Hazardous Material Response Workshops that reflect

. North Carolina's integrated approach to hazardous material incident notification and on-scene coordination. These workshops were conducted for State and county emergency personnel (Fire & Health) in 1983.

North Carolina Association of Emergency Management Coordinator - (Speaker -

1978)

Subject:

" Federal Audit System" Coordinated the testing of 19 North Carolina counties' Emergency Operations Plans for War in a FEMA-sponsored simulated wartime exercise (1978).

Completed General Administrative Training Program - 1981 Completed Phase II " Developing a Civil Preparedness Program"- 1977 Sponsored by the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency University of North Carolina - Charlotte, North Carolina Attended Plans & Operations Workshop - 1977 & 1982 N. C. Division of Emergency Management Attended Hazardous Material Seminar - 1976 & 1984 Southern Railroad, Inc. - Charlotte, North Carolina l

I i

1 1

Completed Radiological Emergency Response Operations (RERO)* School- 1979 Sponsored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Las Vegas, Nevada Attended Disaster Relief & Assistance Workshop- 1975 & 1983 Sponsored by Federal Disaster Assistance Administration Raleigh, North Carolina Attended North Carolina Association of Broadcasters Workshop - 1978 Raleigh, North Carolina

Subject:

" Emergency Broadcast System" National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) qualified - 1981 Recipient of Col. William A. Thompson Award for Outstanding Achievement in Emergency Management in 1984. This award was presented by the North Carolina Emergency Management Association. ,

1975 - 1976 Training and Education Specialist:

North Carolina Division of Emergency ~

Management Department of Crime Control and Public Safety Raleigh, North Carolina Duties and Responsibilities As a Training and Education Specialist, I was involved with the following:

1) Developing and conducting various training programs for State and local governments and the elements of the private sector that would support emergency or disaster operations.

2) Assisted in the planning, implementing and field testing of school comprehensive disaster plans.

3) Assisted in the planning, implementing and field testing of a comprehensive emergency management program into the existing school curriculum (Grades K-12), in conjunction with the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction.

Accomplishments Recipient - North Carolina Long Leaf Pine Award '

Completed Phase I " Role of the Coordinator"- 1975 Sponsored by the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Winthrop College, Rock Hill, South Carolina s

1 Comprehensive School Emergency Plan Workshop -(Speaker - 1975)

Person County Cabarrus County Haywood County 1973 - 1975 Teacher - Coach:

Swain County High School Swain County Board of Education Bryson City, North Carolina Duties and Responsibilities While employed at Swain County High School, I taught five (5) daily classes of Social Studies and one (1) class of Physical Education. I also served as an athletic coach for the following: ,

1) Assistant Football

2) Assistant Baseball

3) Head Girls and Varsity Boys Basketball ,

1971 - 1973 Teacher - Coach:

Cherokee High School Bureau of Indian Affairs U. S. Department of Interior Cherokee, North Carolina ,

Duties and Responsibilities While employed as a teacher at Cherokee High School, I taught one (1) daily class of ~ Psychology and was subject to teach any class for any instructor within the total school curriculum offered. I also served as a coach for the following:

1) Assistant Football

2) Assistant Softball

3) Head Varsity Girls Basketball

4) Head Junior Varsity Girls Basketball Accomplishments Won Conference Championship (Varsity Girls Basketball)

Recipient of Service Award -

Steve Youngdeer Post, NC VFW Cherokee, North Carolina 7-

. . - - - . - _ _ _ ,.g. _ . _

._y_. _ _ , . ~ _ . - ,, - _ . . _ . _

r 3

6 1968 - 1971 Coach:

- Cherokee High School Bureau of Indian Affairs U. S. Department of Interior Cherokee, North Carolina Duties and Responsibilitics My employment was part-time, and I served as a coach for the following:

1) Assistant Football

2) Assistant Softball

3) Head Girls Varsity Basketball

4) Head Girls Junior Varsity Basketball Personal Date of Birth: June 1,1949 -

Age: 35 Marital Status: Mareied Height: 5' 9" Weight: 170 -

Civic Club - Organizations -

North Carolina Jaycees Lincoln County Kiwanis Club North Carolina Emergency Management Association of Coordinators State Employees Association North Carolina Association of Educators

.4-1 ACADEMIC VITA 0F DENNIS S. MILETI May, 1985 PERSONAL Sf.f. IGA:

Department of Sociology Hazards Assessment Laboratory .

Colorado State University Aylesworth Hall Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Colorado State University (303)491-5951 or 6045 Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 ligag:

1120 Monaco Parkway, Denver, Colorado 80220 (303)355-3031 EDUCATION University of Colorado, Boulder: PhD, Sociology, 1974 California State University, Los Angeles: MA, Sociology, 1971 University of California, Los Angeles: BA, Sociology, 1968 SPECIALIZATIONS Complex Organizations, A'pplied (Hazards and Policy), Methods APPOINTMENTS 1974-date Faculty, Department of Sociology, Colorado State Uni-versity, Fort Collins (1985-date, Professor; 1978-1985, Associate Professor; 1974-1978, Assistant Professor).

1984-date Director, Hazards Assessment Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

1981-year Policy Analyst, Seismic Safety Commission, State of California, Sacramento (on leave from university).

1978-1979 Invited Instructor, American Association for the Advan-cement of Science, Chautauqua Short Course Program.

1975-year Visiting Assistant Professor, University of Southern Cal ifornia, Graduate School of Public Administration, Intensive Seminar Program.

1971-1972 Instructor, Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder.

AWARDS 1983-1984 Alumni Honor Faculty Award, Colorado State University Alumni Association for excellence in teaching, research and service 1981-year Cited in Outstanding Young Men of America 1978-1977 Cited for excel.lence in teaching, research and service by the Dean, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences MEMBERSHIPS American Sociological Association, International Sociological Associa-tion, Pacific Sociological Association, ' Midwest Sociological Society, American Association fo.r the Advancement of Science, Earthquake Engi-neering Research Institute, Western Social Science Association, Natio-nal Coordinating Council on Emergency Management, Sigma Xi.

1

s RESEARCH GRANTS Bil CONTRACTS 1984-1985 Principal Investigator, " Assessment of Human Stress Impacts from the Livingston Train Derailment and Chemi-cal Emergency," contract for Illinois Central Gul f Railroad.

1984-date Associate Investigator, " State-of-the-Art Assessment:

Evacuation," subcontract from Oak Ridge National Lab-oratories for the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

1984-date Associate Investigator, " International Study of Disas-ter Impact on Domestic Assets," subcontract f rom the University of Georgia for the National Science Founda-tion.

1983-1984 Principal Investigator, "Research and App 11' cations for Emergency Preparedness," contract for Long Island Lig-nting Company.

1983-1984 Principal Investigator, " Intended and Forgotten Audien-ces for Emergency Warnings," quick-response grant from the Natural Hazards Research Applications and Informa- ,

tion Center.

1982-1983 Associate Investigator, " Organizational Interface for Nuclear Reactor Emergency Preparedness," subcontract from Oak Ridge National Laboratories for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

1981-year Principal Investigator, " Nuclear Hazard Warnings and Emergency Evacuation Preparedness," contract for Pact-fic Gas and Electric Company.

1980-1983 Principal Investigator, " Local Land Use Policy Dect-sions," Colorado State University Experiment Station.

1979-1982 Principal Investigator, " Behavioral Aspects of the Three Mile Is1and Incident and Re-start," contract for General Public Utilities via Shaw, Pittman, Potts and Trowbridge.

1977-1980 Principal Investigator, " Migration Impacts of Non-metropolitan Areas in the West," Colorado State Univer-sity Experiment Station.

1977-1979 Principal Investigator, " Adoption and Organizational Implementation of Policy for Land Use Regulations,"

grant from the National Science Foundation.

1975-1977 Coprincipal Investigator, Socioeconomic, Organizational and Political Consequences of Earthquake Prediction,"

grant from the National Science Foundation.

1972-1974 Research Sociologist, " Assessment of Research on Natu-ral Hazards," grant from the National Science Founda-tion.

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIPS 1984-1987 National Academy of Science, National Research Council, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, .Com-mittee on Natural Disasters.

1984-1986 National Academy of Sciences, National Research Coun-cil, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, Board on Earth Sciences, Subcommittee on Earthquake Research.

1984-date National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service, Center for Mental Health Studies of Emergen-2

s' cies, Advisory.

1983-year National Science Foundation, U.S. Delegate on Ear-thquake Prediction Research to Japan, International Scientific Exchange Section.

1983-date Front Range Consortium on Natural Hazards Studies, Colorado State University, University of Colorado, University of Denver.

1983-date International Sociological Association, Research Com-mittee. on Disasters.

1982-1983 Pacific Sociological Association, Nominations Committee for the Standing Committees for 1983.

1982-date Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Chair, Com mittee on Social Science Research, Berkeley.

1981-1983 U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, Advisory Panel on the Earthquake Studies Program.

1981-1982 Pacific Sociological Association, Program Committee for the 1982 Annual Meetings in San Diego.

1981-1982 Governor's Emergency Task Force on Earthquakes, Threat and Reconstruction Committees, State of California, Sacremento.

1980-1981 Governor's Science and Technology Advisory Council, Committee on the Relocation of Uranium Mill Tailings, State of Colorado.

1979-year American Association for the Advancement of Science, Committee on Intergovernmental Research and Development on Fire Safety and Disaster Preparedness, Washington, D.C.

1976-1978 National Academy of Sciences, National Research Coun-cil, Commission on Soctotechnical Systems, Committee on Socioeconomic Effects ~ of Earthquake Prediction, Wash-i ngton, D.C.

3 L

i e

PUBLICATIONS Books And Monograohs (refereed)

Milett, Dennis S.

Ihg Order af Chaos in Disasters (in progress).

Milett, Dennis S., John Schneider and D. Stanley Eitzen Graduate Research Methods in the Social Sciences (in progress).

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1979 Technostructu res And, Interorganizational Relations. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.

Gillespie, David F., Dennis S. Milett and Ronald Perry 1976 Organizational Resconse in Changing Community Systems Kent, Ohio:

Kent State University Press.

Chanters (invited and refereed)

Mileti, Dennis S.

1986 "Research methods and disaster research." In Russel'1 R. Dynes and Carlo Pelanda (Eds.). Sociologv af Disasters: Contributions 21 Sociologv in Disaster Research. Italy: Franco Angeli (forth-coming).

Milett, Dennis S., and John H. Sorensen 1985 "Why people take precautions against natural hazards." In Neil Weinstein (Ed.). Encouraging Sel f-Protection Behavior (forth-coming).

Sorensen, John H. and Dennis S. Mileti 1985 " Protective actions for natural hazards: a review of programs to stimulate public adoption." In Neil Weinstein (Ed.). Encouraging Sel f-Protection Behavior (forthcomirg).

Hartsough, Donald M., and Dennis S. Mileti 1985 "The media in Disasters." Pp. 282-294 in J. Laube and S. Murphy

( Ed s.), Presoectives in Disaster Recoverv. Norwalk, Connecticut:

Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Hutton, Janice, Dennis S. Milett and John Sorensen 1984 " Factors affecting earthquake warning system effectiveness." Pp.

947-956 in K. 0shida (Ed.), Earthouake Prediction. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishers for UNESCO.

Milett, Dennis S., Janice Hutton and John Sorensen 1984 " Social f actors affecting the response of groups to earthquake prediction." Pp. 649-658 in K. Oshida (Ed.), Ea rthou ak e Pred ic-ilsn. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishers for UNESCO.

Sorensen, John, Janice Hutton and Dennis S. Mileti 1984 " Institutional management of risk information following ear-thquake predictions." Pp. 913-924 in K. 0shida (Ed.), Earthouake Prediction. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishers for UNESCO.

Hutton, Janice, John Sorensen and Dennis S. Mileti 1981 " Earthquake prediction and public reaction." Pp. 129-166 in T.

• Rikitake (Ed.). Current Research in Earthcuake Prediction. Bos-ton: Reidel Publishing Company, Tokyo: Center for Academic Publ f-cations.

4

Mileti, Dennis S.

1981 " Planning initiatives for seismic hazard mitigation." Pp. 44-53 in J. Isenberg (Ed.). Social _ and Economic Imoact af. Earthauakes gn Utility Lifelines. New York: American Society of Civil Engi-neers.

Monograohs and Chaoters (quasi-refereed)

Milett, Dennis S., and Joanne Nigg 1985 " Social science earthquake investigations." In Roger Scholl (Ed.). Lessons Learned f rom Recent Earthauakes. Berkeley: Ear-thquake Engineering Research Institute (forthcoming).

Review Panel of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Plan 1984 National Earthauake Hazards Reduction Program: E.ly.g Xgg Program Elan. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Sorensen, J., E. Copenhaver, D. Milett and M. Adler 1984 Organizational Interface la Reactor Emergenev Planning and Egs-ponse. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Nucl ear Regul atory Commission, NUREG No. CR-3524.

Milett, Dennis S.

1982 "A bibliography for graduate research methods." Pp. 249-255 in Russel Schutt, Al an Grenstein and Theodore C. Wagenaar (Eds.).

Research Methods Courses: hil ab i, Assignments and Pro 11ects.

Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association.

Mileti, Dennis S., Janice Hutton and John Sorensen 1981 Earthauake Prediction Resoonse and Ootions f.g.t Public Poliev.

Boulder: Institute of Behavioral Science, Monograph 28.

Santopolo, Frank, and Dennis S. Milett 1980 Imoacts p.f. Pooulation Growth Jn Agricultural Colorado Committees.

Fort Collins: Colorado State University Experiment Station Bulle-tin.

Committee on Fire Safety and Disaster Preparedness 1979 Elre Safetv and Disaster Preoaredness. Washington, D.C.: American Association for.the Advancement of Science.

Committee on Socioeconomic Effects of Earthquake Prediction 1978 A Program of. Studiet gn the Socioeconomic Effects g.f. Earthcuake Prediction. Washington, D.C.: National Academie of Sciences-National Research Council.

M11ett, Dennis, S., thonias E. Drabek and J. Eugene Haas 1975 Human Svstems jn Extreme Environments: A Sociological Persoec-ily.g. Bou l der: Institute of Behavioral Science, Monograph 21.

Milett, Dennis S. .

1975 Natural Hazard Warning Systems jn ihg United States. Boulder:

Institute of Behavioral Science, Monograph 12. Portions reprin-ted in Joseph Perry and Meredith Pugh, Collective Behavior:

Resoonse la Stress. 1978.

Erickson, Neil, John Sorensen and Dennis S. Mileti 1975 Landslide Hazards fnihg United States: A Research Assessment.

Boulder: Institute cf Behavicral Science.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1975 Disaster Relief And Rehabilitation In the United States. Boulder:

Institute of Behavioral Science.

Ayre, Robert, Dennis S. Milett and Patricia Trainer 1975 Earthauake and Tsunami Hazards in the United States: A Research Assessment. Boulder: Institute of Behavioral Science.

5

Journal Articles. Discioline Focus (refereed)

Mileti, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1985 "The effects of legitimacy on goal change and formalization in organizations," Journal 21 Contemco ra rv Sociology (accepted and forthcoming).

Milett, Dennis S.

1985 "The human equation in earthquake prediction and warning," Pol fev Studies Review (accepted and forthccming).

Milett, Dennis S., Donald Hartsough, Patti Madson and Rick Hufnagel 1984 "The Three Mile Island incident: a study of behavioral indicators of human stress." Mas.g Errergencies and Disasters 2(1):89-114 Mileti, Dennis S.

1983 " Societal comparisons of crganizational response to earthquake prediction: Japan vs the L'nited States." Mass Emergencies and Disasters 1(3):399-414.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1982 " Differentiation in organization's," Social Forces 60(4):1172-1175.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1982 " Structure and process in the irrplementation of public policy,"

Political S ience Review 21(1):1-34.

Milett, Dennis S.

1982 "A review of research on public policy adoption," Public Adminis-tration Review (accepted and forthcoming).

Milett, Dennis S., Doug Timmer and David F. Gillespie 1982 " Intra and interorganizational determinar.ts of decentralization,"

Pacific Sociological Review 25(2):163-183.

Milett, Dennis S., David F. Gillespie and Stan Ettzen 1981 "The multidimensionality of organizaticnal size," Sociologv aat Social Research 65(4):400-414.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1981 " Heterogeneous samples in organizational research," Sociological Methods and, Research 9(3):327-388.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1980 " Human adjustment to the risk of environmental extremes," Socio-122Y. And Social Research 64(3):327-347.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1980 " Determinants of planning in organizations," Administrative f.c.j-ence Review 10(3):21-32.

Milett, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1980 " Organizational and technological interdependencies," Jcurnal af contemnorary Sociology 17(3-4):132-158.

Gillespie, David F., Ponald Perry and Dennis S. Mileti 1980 " Stress and transfo rmation," J ou rnal 21 Social Research 21(2):139-147.

Mileti, Dennis S., David F. Gillespie and Stan Eitzen -

1979 " Structure and decision making in corprate organizations," Socio-1.Qgy And Social Research 63(4):723-744.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1979 " Action and contingency postulates in organization-environment relations," Human Rel ations 32(3):261-271.

6

Milett, Dennis S., David F. Gillespie and Elizabeth Morrissey 1978 " Technology and organizations: methodological deficiencies and lucunae," Technology M Culture 19(1):83-92.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1978 " Organizational technology and environment adaptation-manipula-tion," Scottish Journal d Socioloov 2(2):205-219.

Mileti, Dennis S., David F. Gillespie and J. Eugene Haas 1977 " Size and structure in complex organizations," Social Forces 56(1):208-217.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti.

1977 " Technology and the study of organizations: an overview and appraisal," Academv- g Management Review 2(1):6-19. Reprinted in Readings s kin Managers Manage. Englewood Clif fs, New Jersey:

Prentice Hall,1982.

Milett, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1976 "An integrated formalization of organization-environment interde-pendencies," Human Relations 29(1):80-100.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1976 " Organizational adaptations to changing cultural contingencies,"

Sociological Inoutrv 46(2):135-141.

Gillespie, David F., Roy Lotz, Dennis S. Milett and Ronald Perry 1976 " Historical and paradigmatic differences in the use of the goal concept," International Review d Historv M Political Science 8(30):1-14.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Milett 1976 "A refined model of differentiation in organizations," Sociologv d Social Research 60(3):263-278.

Perry, Ronald, David F. Gillespie, Roy Lotz and Dennis S. Milett 1976 " Attitudinal variables as estimates of behavior," Eurooean Jour-n l d Social Psycholoov 6(1):74-90.

Mileti, Dennis S., Ronald Perry and David F. Gillespie 1975 "The analytical use of case study materials in the study of organizations," Sociological Inou t rv 45(4):72-50.

Mileti, Dennis S., and Elwood M. Beck 1975 " Explaining evacuation symbolically: communication in crisis,"

C_ommunication Research 2(1):24-49.

Gillespie, David F., Ronald Perry, Dennis S. Milett and Roy Lotz 1975 " Organizational tensions and decentralization: the interactive ef fect on member commitment," International lournal d Group Tensions 5(2):26-37.

Perry, Ronald, David F. Gillespie and Dennis S. M11eti 7

1974 " Collective stress and community transformation," Human Relations i

27(8):767-788.

Milett, Dennis S.

1974 " Change ratics in age-specific percent centriductions to fertil-ity: a new method with applications to the L'nf ted States," Pac-ific Sociological Review 17(1):3-26. First Prize, student paper competition, Pacific Sociological Association, 1974 Milett, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1974 "An integrative approach to the study of organizational technel-ogy, structure and behavior," Current Socioloov 23(1):189-200.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti 1974 " System stress and the persistence of emergent organizations,"

Sociological Inouiry 44(2):111-119.

7

Mileti, Dennis S., and Larry Barnett 1972 "Nine demographic factors and their relationship toward abortion legalization," Social Biology 19(2):43-50.

Journal Articles; Aeolied Focus (refereed)

M11eti, Dennis S.

1984 " Role confi fct and abandonment in emergency workers," Emergency Management Review 2(1):20-22.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1984 " Earthquakes and human behavior," Earthcuake Soectra 1(1):89-106.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1983 "Public percepticns of seismic hazards and critical facilities,"

Bulletin d & Seismological Society g America 72(6)l3-18.

Mileti, Dennis S., and Patricia Harvey 1978 " Correcting for the human fcctor in tornedo warnings," Disaster Preoaredness 2(Feb ruary):5-9.

Haas, J. Eugene, and Denn,is S. Milett 1977 " Socioeconomic and political consequences of earthquake predic-tion," Journal g h Physical Earth 25(4):283-293.

Haas, J. Eugene, and Dennis S. Milett 1977 " Earthquake predicticn and its consequences," California Geology 30(7):147-157, 1977. Revised and reprinted in Ian Francisco 20(4):60-68, 1978.

Haas, J. Eugene, and Dennis S. Milett 1976 " Earthquake prediction and other adjustments to earthquakes,"

Bulletin g h Hgg Zealand Society fg Earthouake Engineering 9(4):183-194.

Bagk Reviews (invited and refereed)

Mileti, Dennis S.

1984 "A review of Social and Economic Aspects of Earthquakes by Bar-clay G. Jones and Miha Tomazevic (Eds.). Ithaca: Progran in Urban and Regional Studies, 1983." figs 1 Emergencies mi Disasters (for-thcoming).

Milett, Dennis S.

1982 "A review of Unequal Care: Interorganizational Relations in Health Care by M. Milner, J r. New York: Columbia University i Press,1980." Social Forces _ 60(3):943-944.

l Milett, Dennis S.

l 1982 "A review of Whistle Blowirg: Loyalty and Dissent in the Corpora-tion by Alan Westin (Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981." Sociol-l g.ny. . A Rev iew M Hg1 Book s 7(2).

M11ett, Dennis S.

1980 "A review of Aftermath: Communities After Natural Disasters by H.

Paul Friesema et al. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications,1979 and Af ter the Clean-up: Long Range' Effects of Natural Disasters by Jan.es Wright and Peter Rossi et al. Beverly Hills: Sage Publica-tions, 1979." Journal d h American Planning Association (Oc-tober):484-485.

Milett, Dennis S.

1976 "A review of A Ecciology of Organizations by J. Eldridge and A.

Cromb ie. New York: International Publications, 1975." contemoo-r.ar.y. Soc iologv 5(6):784.

i l 8 2"

j e

l

' Technical Reoorts (not refereed)

Milett, Dennis S.

1985 Stress Impacta af a Techno. logical Emergencv: An Unobtrusive Indicators Study af, Livingston Train Derailn ent. New Orleans:

Lemle, Kelleher.

Milett, Dennis S.

1983 Human Resoonse Scenarios: Lag Enforcement Acolications and Media Imolications. Sacramento: California Division of Mines and Geol-ogy.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1982 Organizational Behavior and Interorganizational Relations: Imolf-cations 12r Nuclear Power P1 ant Emergencies Aad Preoaredness.

Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Oak Ridge National Laboratories.

Milett, Dennis S., Donald M. Hartsough and Patti Madson 1982 Ihg Three Mila Island Incident: A Study nf. Behavioral Indicators af. Human Stress. Washington, D.C.: Shaw, Pittman, Potts and Trowbridge.

Mileti, Dennis S., and Arthur Svenson 1981 Earthauake Prediction-Warning Resoonse Egr Energenev organiza-tions 12 .the Prediction Terminologv. Van Nuys: Southern Califor-nia Earthquake Preparedness Project.

Hutton, Janice, and Dennis S. M11eti 1979 Ana l ysis af, Adootion Atg Imol ementation 21 Community Land ilig Regul ations f_qt Floodolains. San Franciscc: Woodward-Clyde.

Haas, J. Eugene, and Dennis S. Mileti 1976 Socioeconomic Imoact gf Earthouake Prediction gn Government.

Businen and Communf tv. Bou l de r: Institute of Behavioral Sci-ence.

Milett, Dennis, S., and David F. Gillespie 1976 Interorganizational Relations And Communf tv Service Deliverv Svstems. Boul der: Center for Action Research.

Publications jn Proceedings (not refereed)

Milett, Dennis S.

1980 " Human response to earthquake prediction." Pp. 36-S6 in Walter Hays (Ed.). Proceedings of, f,hg Conferences on Earthauake Predic-lign Information. Menlo Park: U.S. Geological Survey. Paper pre-sented at the January, 1980 Conference on Earthquake Prediction Information, Los Angeles.

Milett, Dennis S., and Janice Hutton 1978 " Social aspects of earthquakes." Pp. 179-192 in Proceedings of f,hg Second International Conference na Microzonation. San Fran-cisco: National Science Foundation. Paper presented at the Novensfgr-ber,1978 Cor.ference on the Stete of the Art in Microzonation for Earthquake Hazards Reduction, San Francisco.

Milett, Dennis S.

1978 " Socioeconomic effects of earthquake prediction on state policy."

Pp. in Proceedings af.thg National Conference an Earthouake Related Hazards. Lexington, Kentucky: Council of State Govern-ments. Speech presented at tle Movember,1977 Conference on State Policy for Earthquake Prediction Technology, Boulder.

9

Other Published Comments (invited or refereed)

Mileti, Dennis S.

1984 "The character of traffic in an emergency," Bulletin 6(1):4-5.

Milett, Dennis S. .

1983 "Disasterous warnings," Cmai (March):24,44,152.

Milett, Dennis S.

1982 " Hazards reduction work: the next era," National Hazards Observer 6(4):1-2. Reprinted in Earthauake Information Bulletin 14(2):60, 1982.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1982 " Soc.iological aspects of earthquake prediction," Earthouake Information Bulletin 11(3):102-105.

Haas, J. Eugene, and Dennis S. Milett 1977 " Earthquake prediction response," I_ime. (January 24):83.

Milett, Dennis S.

1977 " Earthquake prediction: is it better not to know?" Mosaic 8(2):8 -

14.

M11ett, Dennis S.

1977 " Social hazards of earthquake prediction," Science h 111(2):20-21.

Haas, J. Eugene, Thomas Drabek and Dennis S. Mileti 1976 " Individual and organizational response to threat," Mass Ehercen-s_bts 1(4):247.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1976 " Social scientists and applied research," Ihg, American Soefol-oaist 11(a):220-221.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1974 " Response to research ano national ne eds," Footnotes 2(Octo-ber):6.

10

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS MQ PRESENTATIONS Conference Paners Mileti, Dennis S., and R. Gary Williams 198S "A sociological perspective on the siting of hazardous waste facilities," paper presented to the Social and Economic Effects of Public Perceptions Session of the Symposium on Waste Manage-ment, Tucson: March.

Milett, Dennis S., Rick Hufnagel and David Gillespie 1984 " Regulation of the firm: toward a theory of consequences," paper presented to the Complex Organizations Session of the American Sociological Association, San Antonto: August.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1984 " Stress from risk uncertainties," invited paper presented to the Social Aspects of Risk Uncertainties Session of the Society for Risk Analysis, Knowxille: October.

Milett, Dennis S.

1984 " Social and political cbstacles to the u'e s of nonstructural flood loss mitigetton measures," paper prese-nted to the American Soct-ety of Civil Engineers, San Francisco: October.

M11eti, Dennis S.

1984 "Why people take precautions against natural hazards," paper presented to the Conference on Enceuraging Self-Protection Eeha-vior, Rutgers University: July.

Milett, Dennis S.

1984 " Sociology in litigation: applicatf or S of disaster research,"

paper presented to the Sociology of Disasters Session of the Pacific Sociological Association, Seattle: April.

M11eti, Dennis S.

1983 " Social impact and use of earthquake prediction-warnings," paper presented to the US-Japan Seminar on Practical Approaches to Earthquake Prediction and Warning, Tokyo: November.

Frey, R. Scott, Thomas Dietz, Dennis S. Milett, and Debre Cornelius 1983 " Structural determinants of community adoption of the National Flood Insurance Program," paper presented to the Rural Sociologi-cal Society, Lexington: July.

Mileti, Dennis S., Donald M. Hartsough, Patti Madson and Rick Hufnagel 1983 "The Three Mile Island incident: a study of unobtrusive indica-tors of human. stress," paper presented to the Disasters and Hazards Research Session of the Midwest Sociological Society, Kansas City: April.

Hufnagel, Rick, and Dennis S. Milett 1983 " Organizational and environmental catastrophe: factors affecting organizational response to a predicted earthquake," paper presen-ted to the Disasters and Hazards Research Session of the' Western Social Science Association, Alburquque: . April.

M11ett, Dennis S.

1982 " Earthquake predic t ion response: cul tural comparisons between Japan and the United States," peper presented to the Disaster Research Session of the International Sociological Associetion, Mexico City: August.

11

r-M11ett, Dennis S.

1982 " Influencing corporate decisions on the use of microzonation information," paper presented to the Third International Confer-ence on Microzonation, Seattle: June.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1982 " Earthquake prediction and warnings: the human equation," paper presented to the Conference on Hazards Research, Policy Develop-ment, and Implementation Incentives: Focus on Urban Earthquakes, Policy Research Center at the University of Redlands, Redl ands:

June.

M11ett, Dennis S.

1982 "Public perception of seismic hazards," paper presented to the Seismological Society of An. erica, Anaheim: April.

Williams, Gary, Frank Santopolo and Dennis S. Milett 1980 " Perception of growth impacts in energy impacted communities,"

paper presented to the Rural Sociological Society, Ithaca: Au-gust.

M11eti, Dennis S.

1980 " Planning initiatives for seismic hazard mitigation," paper pre-sented to the Conference en Social and Economic Impacts of Ear-thquakes on Critical Lifelines of the American Society of Civil Engineers, San Francisco: May.

Timmer, Doug, and Dennis S. M11eti 1980 "Interorganizational and structural determinants of decision making," paper presented to the Session on Complex Organizations of the Midwest Sociological Society, Milwaukee.

Williams, Gary, Dennis S. M11eti 1980 " Community growth and impacts," paper presented to the Western Social Science Association, Albuqurque: April. ,

Mileti, Dennis S. '

1980 " Human response to earthquake prediction," paper presented to the Status of Knowledge Session of the Conference on Earthquake Prediction Information, Los Angeles: January.

Williams, Gary, and Dennis S. Mileti 1979 " Perceptions of growth in' pacts in non-metropolitar Colorado,"

paper presented tc the Impacts Session of the Conference on Regicnal Migration Trends, St. Louis: October.

Milett, Denais S., and Gary Williams 1979 " Resident perepetions in growth impacted western agricultural communities," paper presented to the Rural Sociological Society, Vermont: August.

Gillespie, David F., Dennis S. Milett and Stan Eitzen 1979 "The epihenominality of organizational size," paper presented to the Session on Complex Organizaticns of the Midwest Sociological Society, M11waukjee: April.

M11eti, Dennis S., Janice R. Hutton and John Sorensen 1979 " Social f actors and response to earthquake prediction," paper presented to the International Symposium on Earthquake Predic-tion, UNESCO, Paris: April.

Hutton, Janice R., Dennis S. Mileti, and John Sorensen

,. 1979 " Factors af fecting earthquake warning system effectiveness,"

paper presented to ibe International Symposium on Earthquake

~

Prediction, UNESCO, Paris: April.

I 12

Sorensen, John, Janice R. Futton and Dennis S. Mileti 1979 " Institutional rieragement of risk information following earthquake predictions," paper presented to the Interrietional Symposion. on Earthquake Prediction, UNESCO, Paris: April.

Milett, Dennis S., and Janice Hutton 1978 " Social aspects of earthquakes," paper presented to the State of the Art' Session of the Second International Conference on Microzonation, San Frarcisco: Novemb er.

Mileti, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1978 " Organizational size, complexity and decision makir 3," paper presented to the Organizations Session of the American Sociologi-cal Assoctotion, San Franciscoi September.

Gillespie, Devid F., and Dennis S. Milett 1978 ' Corporate size as work," paper presented to the Organization of Work Session of the American Sociological Association, San Fran-cisco: Septenbe r.

Mileti, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1978 " Action postulates in organization-environment relations," paper presented to the Organizations-Environment Session of the Midwest Sociological Society, Omaha: April.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. M11eti 1978 " Size and organizaticnal differentiation," paper presented to the Formal and Complex Organizations Session of the Pacific Sociolo-gical Association, Spokane: April.

Mileti, Cennis S., and Patricia Harvey 1977 " Correcting for the human factor in tornado warninr >,"  ; paper presented to the Conference on Severe Local Storn's of the Ameri-can Meteorological Society, Omaha: October.

Milett, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1977 " Organization and environment adaptation-r.cnipulaticn," paper presented to the Organizational Relations Session of the American Sociological Association, Chicago: Septenber. .

Hutton, Janice R., and Cennis S. Mileti 1977 "The uses _and abuses of scenarios in policy research," paper presented to the Social Policy Session cf the An.ericon Sociolcgi-cal Associaticn, Chicago: Septecber.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Milett 1977 " Organizational ~ growth and neanegerial efficiency," paper presen-ted to the Sccial Organization / Formal / Complex Session of the Pacific Sociological Association, Sacramento: April.

Mileti, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1977 "Organizutional meniptlet.fon and adaptation to complex environ-ments," paper presented to the Complex Organizations Session of the Midwest Sociological Society, Minneapolis: April.

Gillespie, David F., Dennis S. Mileti and J. Eugene Haas 1976 " Size and structuro in complex organizations," paper presented to the Organizational Change Session of ,tto Aroerican Sociological Association, New York City: August.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1976 " Learning theory and disaster warning response," paper presented to the Issues in Envirormental Analysis Session to the American Sociological Association, New York City: August.

13

• ~

Haas, J. Eugene,L and Dennis S. M11ett 1976 " Consequences of earthquake prediction on other adjustments to earthquakes," paper presented tc the Australian Academy of Scien-ce, Canberra: May.

Milett, Dennis S,., and J. Eugene Haas 1976 "A methodology for future collective events," paper presented to the Collective-Eehavior Session of the Midwest Sociological' So-ciety, St. Louis: April.

Gillespie, David F., and Dennis S. Mileti _

11976 " Operations technology and organizatforal structure," paper pre-sented to the Formal Organizations Session of the Midwest Socic-legical Society, St.' Louis: April.

Haas, J. Eugene, and Dennis S. M11eti 1976 " Assessing the consoyocnces of earthquake predicticn," paper presented to the Social Risk Session of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Boston: Feb ru ary.

Mileti, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1975 " Technological urcertof r.ty in organization-environment rel a-tior.s," paper presented to the Forn el Or gir.flations Ses sion of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco: August.

Milett, Dennis S., and David F. G111espie 1975 "A resolution of inconsistencies between size, complexity and the administrative component in organizations," paper presented to the Formal Organizations Session of the Midwest Sociological Society, Chicago: April.

Milett, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie 1975 " Technology and the study of organizations," paper presented to the Formal Crganizations Session of the Pacific Sociological Associaticn, Victoria: April.

Milett, Dennis S., and David F. Gillespie '

1975 "An interactico nodel for organizetten-environment relations,"

paper presented to the Interorganizational Relations Session of the Midwest Sociological Society, Omaha: April.

Mileti, Dennis S., and David F.-Gillespie 1974 "A formalization of organizaticn-cnvironment dependencies," paper presented to the Formal Organizations Sr ssior of the Pacific Scciological Associatien, San Jose: Ma rch.

Farhar, Barbara, and Dennis S. Mileti 1974 "Value and role issues for the involved social scientist," paper presented ~ to the Applied Session of the Pacific Sociological Associatien, San Jose: March.

Mileti, Dennis S.

1973 "Drowing: a communications disease," paper presented to the Mass Conwonications and Public Opinion Session of the American Socic-logical Association, New York City: August.

M11eti, Dennis S., and Sigmund Krane 1973 " Response to impendfors system stress," paper presented to the What Oc Uo Know Session on Human Behavior in Disaster of the Anerican Sociological Assccicticn, Mew York City: August.

Fileti, Dennis S.

1973 "A paradigm and sociology of knowledge for theories of natural law," paper pitzented to the Theory Session of the Midwest Socic-logical Scciety, Milwaukee: April.

14

7 M11ett,' Dennis S.

1972 " Response to hazards warnings," paper presented to the Organiza-tional and Community Response to Disaster Settinar at the Disaster Research Center of the Ohio State University, Colurrbus: July.

Soeeches El Guest lectures

" Social aspects of risk," Risk Analysis Seminar, Department of Industrial Engineering, Stanford . University: Feb ruary, 1985.

"Communicatirig engineering information to public officials," Social Appli-cations Session, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Seattle: Feb-ruary, 1985.

" Social and imi f t ical obstacles to the use of nonstructural ficod loss mitigation measures," An:erican Society for Civil Engineers, San Francisco:

Cctob er,' 1984.

"Warningsi applying research f r the private sector," Plenary Session on Hazards Research and Management: Assessraents of a Maturing Field, Natural Hazards Research Applicaticns Workshop, Eoulder: July, 1984.

" Human respera e to emergencies," Emergency Preparedness Executive S'eminar for County Commissioners of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, GPU Nuclear Corporation, Harrisburg: March, 198a.

"The uses of earthquake prediction-warnings," Collogfun en Earthquake Pre-diction Research in the US, Ezrthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo: Noverrber, 1983.

" Human response in disasters," American Red Cross, Mile High Chapter, Beulder Region, Boulder: July, 1983.

" Integrated emergency management: challenges and opportunities," Plenary Session of the Natural'Parards Research Applications Iforkshop, Boulder:

Ju1y, 1983.

"Public response to flood disasters," Conference on the Need for Teamwork in Managing Flood Hazards, Association of State Floodplain Manager, Sacra-mento: April, 1983.

" Natural hazards, disasters and public policy," Environn. ental Management Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles: April, 1982.

" Myths of disaster response," Earthquake Planning Conference for Business and Industry, Les Angelos: Pey, 1982.

" Communicating lessons learned f ron. social science research cr. r er-thquakes," Workshop of Identifying and Disseminating Lessons Learned frcc.

Recent Ear'thquakes," Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Altos:

December, 1982.

" Social causes of earthquake prediction-warning response: impl ications fo.-

the design of California's warning syster, and information dissemination,"

15

o Southern _ Cal'ifornia Earchquake Preparedness Project, Van Nuys: October,

-1981.

" Assessment of research on natural hazards: what have we learned and what problems demand further attention," Natural Hazards Research Applications Workshop, Boulder: July, 1981.

" Disaster reconstruction: patterns to guide planning," Governor's Task Force for Earthquake Emergency Preparedness, Committee on Long Range Recon-structicn, Sacremento, July,1981.

"Socio-cul tural dimensions cf earthquake risk," Governor's Emergency Task Force on Earthquakes, General Assently, Sacramento: May, 1981.

"Interorganizatienal relations and service delivery systems," Fealth Scfen-ces Center, University of Colorado, Denver: Cctcber, 1980.

" Social response to eartFquake prediction: local policy issues," Scuthern California Emergency Services Association, Mcntebello: Feb ru ary, 1980.

" Human response to vettber-borne hazards warnings," Department of Atmos-pheric Sciences, Colorado State University: Cctober, 1979.

" Natural hazards, disasters and social research," Department of Sociology, University of Denver: Decembers 1980, 1979.

" Measuring impiementatton of pub 1 f c policy for floodplain 1and use con-trols," Natural Hazards Research Applicetions Workshop, Boulder: August, 1978.

"Sociceconomic ef fects of earthquake predict 'cn arid state policy," Confer-ence on State Policy for Earthquake Prediction Technology, Bctider: No vern-b e r, 1977.

"Popu l ation, resources and policy for social change," College of Nateral Pescurces, Colorado State University: September,1977; February,1978; Fot rua ry, 1980.

"The behavicr of governr.ient and corporate organizations in an earthqueke prediction," American Society for Public Adtrinistration, Colorado Chepter, Denver: Ap ril, 1976.

"The social and economic aspects of scientifically credible earthquake predictions," California State Seminar on Emergency Preparedness and Ear-thquake Prediction, Palm Springs: June, 1976.

" Preparing to make use of earthquake pr edictions," Ernergency Pre t i redness Corr. mission for the County and Cities of Los Angeles, Montebello: Feb ru a ry, 1976.

"The social organization of hazard warning systems," Engineering Foundation Conference on Decision Making for Netural Hazards, Pacific Grove: March, 1976.

16

E e

" Briefing on the .likely soctel and economic impacts of earthquake predic-tion," Governor's Conference Room, Sacrarr. ento: Mey,1975; Mayor's Conferen-ce Room, Los Angeles: October, 1975.'

" Social, economic and legal aspects of . earthquake prediction," General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Granoble:

Septenteri 1975.

" Earthquake prediction er'd 'is implicatf ors for emergency preparedness,"

Center for Community Studies, Tokyo: Septemb er, 1975.

" Social impacts of earthquake prediction: implications for policy," Cali-fornia Water and Power Earthquake Engineering Forum, San Francisco: April, '

1975.

4 5

17 L

e o

@ iER PROFESSIONAL SERVICE Organizer And Presider Session on Nuclear Power, Third International Congress on Emergencies, Washington, D.C.: May, 1985; Session on Applied Sociology, Pacific Socio-logical Association, Seattl e: April, 1984; Session on Theoretical Asses-sments, Western Social Science Association, San Diego: April, 1984; Session on Methodological Approaches in the Study of Health Care Delivery Systems, Western Social Science Association, San Diego: April, 1984; Session en Erthquake Hazard Reducticn: Is the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Prograra f*eeting its Congressional f/andate, Seventh Annuel Workshop on Natural Hazards Research Applications, Boulder: July,1982; Session on Disasters and Cataclysms: Can Sociology Help, Pacific Sociological Associa-tion, San Diego: April,1982; Sessicn on Collective Behavior, American Sociological Association, New York: August, 1980; Session on Complex Crga-nizations, Pacific Sociological Association, San Francisco: April,1980; Session on Corrplex Organizations, Western Social Science Association, Tern-p e, 1976.

Discussant Session on Theoretical Assessments, Western Social Science Associaticn, San Diego: April,1984; Session on Societal Response to Hazards, American Sociological Association, San Antonto: August,1984; Session on Public Response to Earth Science Information, Naturel Hazards Research Appl tea-tions Workshop, Boulder: July, 1980; Session on Warning Systems, National Conference on Natural Hazards, Boulder: June,1976; Session on Warning Systems, National Conference on Natural Hazards, Boulder: J u l y, 1975; Session on Disaster Relief and War ning Systems, National Conference on Natural Hazards, Estes Park: June, 1973.

Particioant Panel on Disaster Research Its Funding and Future, American Sociological Association, San Antonio: August,1984; Review Panel, Corresponding Menber, Task Group on Social and Economic Aspects of Earthquakes, Naticnal Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Commission on Sociotechnical Sys-tems, Washington, D.C.: 1982; Workshop on Disseminat i % Lessons Learned from Recent Earthquakes, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Al tos: December, 1982; Tennessee Valley Authority Flood Plain Evaluaticn Panel, Boulder: November, 1982; Earthquake Prediction Warning Task Force Workshop, Southern California Earthquake Preparedness Project, Asilomar:

December,1981; Syn.posium on Earthquake Prediction, Preparedness and Human Response, San Fernando: June,1976; Seminar on Disaster Research, Colorado State University, Fcrt Collins: February,1975; Syn.posturi on Corrplex Orga-nizations: Research and App 1tcaticns, Western Social Science Association, El Paso: April, 1974.

Editorshios Corresponding Editor, Organizations And Occucations Newsletter of the Amer-ican Sociological Association, Western Region,1984-present; Associate Editor for social science, Eartt auake Soectra. Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Instituta, 1984-1987; Corresponding Edftor.on Hazards 18

e and Disaster, Environmental Sociologv. Newsletter of the Section on Enviro-nmental Sociology of the American Sociological Association,1981-date; Guest editor, special issue on Environmental Stress, Threat and Social System Response, Mass Emergencies 1(4):247-346, 1976.

Testimony ,

Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the matter of emergency planning at the Shoreham nuclear reactor, Suf folk: December,1983 through June, 1984; Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the matter of emergency planning at the Wol f Creek- generating station, Burlington, Kansas: J anu ary, 1984; Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the matter of pre-emergency public education and information for emergency planning at the Waterford Three nuclear reactor, New Orleans: February,1983; Suffolk County Legislature, State of New York, in the matter of emergency planning at the Shoreham nuclear reactor, Su f-fold: J anuary, 1983; Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the matter of emerg-ency planning at the Diablo Canyon nuclear reactor, San Luis Obisbo: Janu-ary,1982; Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space in the matter of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act, Washington, D.C.:

April, 1980; Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the matter of the impact of floating nuclear plants on tourist behavior, Bethesda: May,1977 and July, 1978.

Legislative And Program Reviews Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, U.S. Congerssional Panel, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1983-82; Earthquake Fazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey,1982; Final Regulations for Floodpl ain Management and Protection of Wetlands, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Register 176(45):59520-59538, 1980; Applied Research Program Eva-luation, National Science Foundation, 1979-78.

Prooosal Reviews Societal Response Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Science Foundation, 1985-81; Division of Policy Research and Analysis, National Science Foundation,1983; Sociology Program, National Science Foundation, 1982-81; Design Research Program, National Science Foundation, 1982; Division of Problem Focused Research, National Science Foundation, 1980; Division of International Programs, National Science Foundation,

. 1978; Division of Advanced Environmental Research and Technology, National

! Science Foundation, 1978-76.

1 Article Reviews Human Relations, 1985-83, 1978-77; Sociological Persoectives (Pacific In-ciclogical Review), 1984; Social Forces. 1980-79; Sociologv and Social Research. 1983-81, 1979-78, 1976; Ihg Social Science Journal,1985,1981-77; Ihg Sociological Quarter 1v.1975; Journal niihg American Planning Associa-l tian, 1985; Deviant Behavior. 1983; Eisk Analysis. 1983; Ihg Environmental Professional, 1983-82; Bulletin af the Seismological Society nf America.

l 1982; Sociological Focus,1980; Mass Emergencies, 1978, 1976-75; Policy Analvsis, 1978; Current Researen in Earthcuake Prediction, 1984; Mass Energencier and Disasters, 1985.

19 l

a Other Reviews L. Lave and D. Eppl e, "Futu re Scenarios," Chapter 21 in R. W. Kates (Ed.).

Climate Imoact Assessmente Studies of, j;hg Interaction af Climate d Soci-31y Geneva, for the International Council of Scientific Union's Scientific Con <nittee on Problems of the Environment,1982; Study gn Earthauake Hazards Information Dissemination Charleston. South Carolina. Reston for the U. S.

Geological Survey,1982.

Decartment M University Service College Schol arship Committee, 1985-84; Department Executive Committee, 1984-82, 1980-77; Department Graduate Affairs Committee, 1985-84, 1977-74; Department Five-Year Review Committee, 1982; Department Comprehensive Exa-mination Committee, 1984-75; Department ad hoc Committee on Research Space, 1983; Department Evaluation of Independent Study Courses,1978; Department Faculty Search Committee, 1985-84; College Search Committee for Department Chair, 1985-84; University Committee on Ethnic Studies, 1976-74; University Committee on Latin American Studies, 1975-74.

1 e

20 l

- - 4E e

TEACHING Courses Taught (undergraduate)-'

Introduction to Sociology ,

Complex Organizations Demographic Processes and Social Change Historical Sociological Tht;ory' l

Research Methods l Sociology of Hazards and Disagters i

a

Courses Taught (graduate) l Advancea Quantitative Analysis l Multiple Regression and' Path Analysis Research Methods I l Research Methods II '

I Demography and Population -

Complex Organizations Graduate Theses And Dissertations Chair, Ph.D. Dissertation Committee, 6 l

Member, Ph.D. Committees,12 -

i Chair, M. A. Thesis Committees, 4 1 Membsr, M. A. Committees,12 j l

Student Evaluations _

Ranked as exco_llent by mostcstudents in most coursesi evaluation summaries are available upon request.. s Teaching Awards Alumni Honor Faculty Awardi' Colorado State University, Alumni Association, for Academic Year 1983-1984; Otted for excellence by th% Dean, College of '

Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences for Academic Year 1977-1978.

\

6 w

[r b

21

m-s e

TEACHING Courses Taught (undergraduate)

Introduction.to Sociology Complex Organizations Demographic Processes and Social Change Historical Sociological Theory Research Methods Sociology of Hazards and Disasters Courses Taught (graduate)

. Advanced Quantitative Analysis Multiple Regression and Path Analysis Research Methods I Research Methods II Demography and Population Complex Organizations Graduate Theses And Dissertations Chair, Ph.D. Dissertation Committee, 6 Member, Ph.D. Committees, 12 Chair, M.A. Thesis Committees, 4 Member, M. A. Committees,12 Student Evaluations Ranked' as excellent by most students in most coursesi evaluation summaries are available upon request.

Teaching Awards Alumni Honor Faculty Award, Colorado State University, Alumni Association, for Academic Year 1983-1984; Cited for excellence by the Dean, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences for Academic Year 1977-1978.

21 l >