ML17255A719
| ML17255A719 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Ginna  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1983 |
| From: | FULTON J F, HERR J C, HSIEH S S GILBERT/COMMONWEALTH, INC. (FORMERLY GILBERT ASSOCIAT |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML17255A717 | List: |
| References | |
| GAI-2499, NUDOCS 8403290189 | |
| Download: ML17255A719 (196) | |
Text
GAIREPORTNO~2499DECEMBER,1983ROBERTE.GINNANUCLEARPOWERSTATIONCONTAINMENTVESSELTENDONSSTRESSRELAXATIONPROPERTIESOFRETENSIONEDWIRESPREPAREDFOR:ROCHESTERGASANDELECTRICCOMPANYWRITTENBY:'.eF.FULTON/S.STHSIEHREVIEWEDBY:kkX-JCHERAPPROVEDBY:C.CHENPREPAREDBY:GILBERT/COMMONWEALTHREADING,PENNSYLVANIAQbertICenmonwealthr8403290189'840326tIIPDRADOCK05000244PPDR 0TABLEOFCONTENTSSECTIONTITLEPAGE
1.0INTRODUCTION
2.0RETENSIONEDWIRETESTRESULTS2.12.22.3CurveExtrapolationsFactorMethodSuperpositionMethod133.0TENDONFORCEPREDICTIONS143.13.23.3RetensioningRatioValuesforActualTendonsBaseCurvesforActualTendonsPredictedTendonForcesatJuly1981Surveillance14141
74.0CONCLUSION
S18REFERENCES20TABLESTable1-StressRelaxationTestConditionsofRetensionedWiresTable2-July1981SurveillanceForcesComparedwithPredictionsTable3-PercentDifferenceinMeasuredVersusPredictedForcesGilbert/Commonwealth l
TABLESOFCONTENTS(Cont'd)FIGURESFigures1-Athrough1-I-BaseandRetensionedStressRelaxation:Log-LogScaleFigures2-Athrough2-I-BaseandRetensionedStressRelaxation.Semi-LogScaleFigures3-Athrough3-K-RetensionedStressRelaxationRatioFigure4-BaseRelaxationforActualTendonsFigureS-BaseandRetensionedRelaxationforActualTendonsFigures6-Athrough6-R-ComparisonofPredictedandMeasuredForcesAPPENDICESAppendixA-StressRelaxationTestReport11
~v~'
eINTRODUCTIONTheR.E.Ginnacontainmentstructureisposttensionedby160verticaltendons.ThetendonswereoriginallystressedinMarchandApril1969,andlift-offtestswereperformedonsixoccasionssubsequenttothisdateoveraperiodof11years.Fromthese&tests,itwasfoundthat'themeasuredtendonlift-offforcesweregenerallylowerthanthepredictedvalues.Asaresult,GilbertAssociates,Inc.'GAI)wasrequestedtoinvestigatethepossiblecausesforthelower-than-predictedtendonforces.Reference1describesthedetailsofthisinvestigation,fromwhichitwasconcludedthatstressrelaxationofthetendonwiresistheonlysignificantcauseforthelower-than-predictedtendonforces.Bythetimeoftheeightyearsurveillancein1977,theaverageforceofthetendonswasmarginallyabovethedesignrequirementof636kips.RochesterGasandElectricCorporation(RG&E)decidedtoretension137ofthe160tendons.ThisworkwascompletedinJune1980.The23tendonswhichwerenotincludedintheJune1980retensioningprogramhadbeenretensionedpreviouslyinMay1969,approximately1000hoursaftertheiroriginalstressing.Inordertodevelopdatawhichwouldenableadeterminationofthestressrelaxationpropertyfortheretensionedtendons,retensioningtestsonsampletendonwireswereconductedattheFritzEngineeringLaboratoryofLehighUniversity.TheretensioningtestprogramwasactuallyanextensionoftheoriginalwirerelaxationtestsinitiatedinMarch1980atthesamelaboratory.Afterthespecimenshadbeenunderloadforaspecifiedduration,seven(7)wererestressedtotheirinitialstresslevel.Table1presentsthetestconditionsoftheseven(7)retensionedtendonwires.Qbert/Commonwealth
n01~IIAsdiscussedlaterinthisreport,therelaxationpropertyofaretensionedwireissignificantlydifferentfromthatofanunretensionedwire.Ingeneral,theformerexhibitsalowerstressrelaxation.Therefore,usingstressrelaxationpropertydatafromunretensionedwirestopredictthestressrelaxationintheretensionedtendonswillleadtoanover-estimationofthestressloss.Asaresult,thepredictedtendonforcesbasedontheselosseswillbeartificallylow,whichisunconservativeforpurposesofcomparisonwithforcesmeasuredatfuturesurveillances.ThisreportevaluatestheLehighretensioningtestdataforthepurposeofdetermininghowtoestablisharepresentativeretensionedstressrelaxationcurvefortheGinnatendons.Twopredictiontechniques,referredtoastheSuperpositionMethodandFactorMethod,wereevaluated.TheSuperpositionMethodbasicallyassumesthatsuperpositionprinciplesapplytothestressrelaxationpropertyand,consequently,reliesonlyonunretensioneddata.TheFactorMethod,ontheotherhand,reliesonthetestresultsfromboththeunretensionedandretensionedwires.TheLehighretensioningtestresultswerecomparedwiththosepredictedbyboththeSuperpositionMethodandtheFactoriMethod.ThemethodprovidingthebestrepresentationoftheretensionedstressrelaxationpropertywasconcludedtobetheFactorMethod,andthismethodwasthenappliedtoreevaluatethedatafromtheJuly1981surveillance.TheFactorMethodwasalsousedforpredictingtheforcesforthetendonsselectedfortheJuly1983surveillance.2.0RETENSIONEDWIRETESTRESULTSTheresultsoftheoriginalstressrelaxationtestsandtheretensioningtestshavebeensummarizedinaLehighreportentitled"RelaxationTestson1/4"PrestressingWires,"whichisincludedinthisreportasAppendixA.Somelaterdata,notGilberL/Commonwealth t~
n~IincludedintheLehighreport,wassubsequentlyr'eceivedunderthecoverofatransmittalletterdatedMarch23,1983fromprofessorRogerG.SluttertoGAI.ThisdataisalsoincludedinAppendixA.Thecombineddatasetwasusedinthepresentanalysis.2.1CurveExtrapolationsThetestdatafromtheseven(7)retensionedwiresreportedinAppendixAwasreplottedonalog-logscale.TheseareshowninFigures1-Athrough1-G.Inthefigures,thecurvesdesignated"BASE"representthestressrelaxationversus=time-under-loadpriortoretensioning.Thecurvesdesignated"RETENSIONED"representthestressrelaxationversustime-under-loadafterthewireswereretensioned.ThetimecorrespondingtothelastdatapointontheBasecurveisthetimeatwhichtPewirewasretensioned.Fromthefigures,alltheresultsdisplaythefundamentalcharacteristicthatthestressrelaxationofaretensionedwireislessthanitsBaserelaxation.Thedashedlinesbeyondthelastdatapointrepresenttheextrapolationsout.to350,000hrs.(40years).TheextrapolationsIshowninthefiguresfortheBasecurvesweredeterminedvisually,andtheyareconsistentwiththoseinthesemi-logplotsinReference1.TheextrapolationsfortheRetensionedcurveswerealsodeterminedvisually.Forbothsetsofcurves,alinearextrapolationwasusedasareasonableapproximation.Asawayof"smoothingout"thedata,thecircleddatapointsontheRetensionedcurvesarethoseselectedasthereferencepointsforthelinearextrapolation.ThisapproachapplieswelltothecurvesofWireg3(Sl-B)inFigure1-A,Wiref19(76-Bl)inFigure1-E,andWireg7(76-B)inFigure1-C.Theirret'ensionedstressrelaxationsat40yearsarepredictedas12Z,16Zand10Z,respectively.Somejudgement,however,wasrequiredfortheextrapolationofthecurvesforWireg8(76-C),Wire810(76-B2),Gilbert/Commonwealth
~~I Wireij4(51-C)andWiregl2(150-C2).Thesearediscussedseparatelybelow.2.1.1Wires88andf10(Figure1-DandFigure1-F)Table1indicatesthatsamplewiresg8,($9,andfP10areallfromthesametestwirepulledfromTendon76andweretestedatthesametemperature,104oF,andthesameinitialstress,70/GUTS.TheonlydifferenceisthatWiref19wasretensionedat100hrs.,Wire$10at1,000hrs.andWiref18atapproximately10,000hrs.Figures1-D,1-E,and1-FshowtheBaseandRetensionedcurvesforWires8'8,89,and810,respectively.Figure1-HpresentstheBasecurvesandtheextrapolationsofthethreewiresonasingleplot.Inthefigure,allthreecurveslieveryclosetogether.Thisconfirmsthatthethreewiresexhibitedthesamestressrelaxationpropertybeforeretensioning.TheRetensionedcurvesofthethreewiresareplottedtogetheronFigure1-I.Adeviationamongthesethreecurvesisevident.Thecurvesstartseparatingataround5hoursafterretensioning,andouttoapproximately10,000hoursunderloadtheamountofrelaxationwhichthewiresexperienceisinverselyproportipnaltothetimeatwhichtheywereretensioned.Ho~ever,beyond1000hourstherelaxationvaluesofthe'iresjwhichwereretensionedat1000hours(810)and10,000hours(88)slowlyconverge.Byapproximately15,000hours,itappearsthatWires88and810exhibitthesameretensionedstressrelaxation.However,therelaxationforWireg9,retensionedat100hours,doesnotdisplayatendencytoconvergetothevaluesofWires88andgl0.Figure1-IalsopresentslinearextrapolationsconsistentwiththosemadeinFigures1-D,1-Eand1-F.Fromthefigure,theextrapolatedcurveofWire88appearstocrossoverthatofWireif10.However,thereisnoreasontobelievethatthewireswouldactuallyexhibitthischaracteristic.ItismorereasonableGilberC/Commonwealth I~
tointerpretthedataasindicatingthatsomewhereinthe15,000hourto20,000hourtimerange,theretensionedcurvesforWiref18andWire810convergetoapproximatelythesamecurveandcontinueasonecurvethereafter.Inlightofthis,theextrapolationsforWiresg8andij10wereadjusted.Sincedatabeyond20,000hourswasnotavailable,theaverageofthetwoextrapolationcurveswasconstructedastheextrapolationcurveestimatedforWirest8and810.Thisadjustedextrapolationcurvepredictsa13%stressrelaxationat40years.Thiscurvewasused,asindicatedinFigures1-Dand1-F.2.1.2Wire/$4(Figure1-B)Figure1-BshowstwopossibleextrapolationsfortheRetensionedcurveofWire84,indicatedasdashedlinesAandB.ExtrapolationArepresentsanextensionofthestraightlinewhichpassesthroughmostofthedatapointslocatedwithintherangefrom1,000hrs.to10,000hrs.ThislinecrossesovertheBasecurveandgivesa24%stressrelaxationat40years.ExtrapolationBwasbasedonthelasttwodatapointsmarkedbysquarestThisextrapolationgivesa13%stressrelaxationat40years.LineBisconsideredtobemorerealisticthanlineAfortworeasons.First,lineBseemstobemoreconsistentwiththeconcave-downwardshapeoftheretensionedcurvebetween200hrs.and10,000hrs.Secondly,thefigureshowsthattheBaseandRetensionedcurvesstartapproachingeachotherat200hrs.,andtheyseemverylikelytoconvergetogethersomewhereinthe10,000to20,000hr.range.ThereisnoreasontoexpecttheRetensionedrelaxationtobecomegreaterthantheBaserelaxation,whichwouldoccurifcurveAwereused.Therefore,itwasdecidedtouseextrapolationBforWireg4,asindicatedinFigure1-B.GilbertICornmonwcalt i~1 2.1.3Wire$512(Figure1-G)ItisseenfromFigure1-GthatthetwodatapointsontheRetensionedcurveataround8000hrs.and10,000hrs.aredisplacedhigherthanwouldbeexpectedbasedonthetrendofthedatabetween1000hrs.and6000hrs.Becauseofthis,thereexistsawiderangeofpossibleextrapolations,dependingonthereferencepointsselected.Onepossibleextrapolationistoextendastraightlinewhichconnectsthedatapointsat8000hrs.Iand10,000hrs.(lineA)outto40years,atwhichtimeitbecomesequaltotheBasecurve.,Thisextrapolationgivesa3.8%stressrelaxationat40years.Anotherpossibilityistousethetwodatapointsatapproximately6000hrs.and4000hrs.forextrapolation.LineBwasdrawnthroughthesetwopointsandextendedoutto40years.Thisresultsina2.5Xstressrelaxationat40years.Otherpossibleextrapolationsgivea40-yearstressrelaxationofsomewherebetween1.7/to3.8X.Byinspection,lineBseemstoagreebetterwiththeoveralltrendoftheRetensionedcurve,andisthereforeconsideredastherepresentativeextrapolationforWire812.TheextrapolatedlineAwasconsideredasanupperbound.Alltheextrapolationsdiscussedaboveweremadelinearlyonalog-logscale.Toaidinthevisualextrapolationprocess,thetestresultsfromtheseven(7)retensionedwireswerere-plottedonthesemi-logplotsinFigures2-Athrough2-I.2.2FactorMethodAsdiscussedearlier,thetestresultsindicatethatthestressrelaxationoftheretensionedwiresisgenerallylowerthanthatfortheunretensionedwires.Therefore,theretensionedstressrelaxationmaybeobtainedfromtheunretensionedresultsbyapplyingamultiplyingfactorofbetween0and1.TheQbcrtICommonwca!th determinationoftheappropriatefactorsisthekeypointofthismethod.ThesefactorsrelyonthetestdatapresentedinFigures1-Athrough1-Ior,alternatively,Figures2-Athrough2-I,whichwereusedinthiswork.Atanytime-under-loadtheoriginalstressrelaxationandtheretensionedstressrelaxationofeachwirecanbereadfromtheBasecurveandtheRetensionedcurve,respectively.Thefactorcorrespondingtoaparticulartimeisobtainedasthestressrelaxationv'aluefromtheRetensionedcurvedividedbythevaluefromtheBase'urve.Factorsfromeachofthesevenretensioningtestswereplottedonasemi-logscale,asshowninFigures3-Athrough3-H.Theverticalaxisrepresentsthefactorvalue,which'sreferredtoasthestressrelaxation"retensioningratio".Thehorizontalaxisrepresentsthetimeatwhichthewirewasretensioned.Eachofthefiguresrepresentstheretensioningratiovaluesataparticulartimeafterretensioning.Dataexistsfor104F(fourspecimens)and68F(threespecimens).Ineachfigure,itisapparentthattheretensioningratiovarieswiththetimeofretensioningandthetemperature.Basedonthedatapoints,curveswereestablishedandusedtopredictthe.iretensioningratio'alues~forthewireswithdifferenttemperaturesanddifferentretensioningtimes.Beforedescribingthecurvefittingprocessthatwasused,theeffectofseveralparameterswillbeevaluated.RetensioningTime-Wires$8,99,and810AslistedinTable1,wirespecimensg8,g9andf10camefromthe.sametestwireandweresubjectedtothesametesttemperatureandinitialstress',onlythetimeofretensioningvaried.Itisreasonabletoconsiderthesethreewirescollectivelyforevaluatingtheretensioningtimeeffect.Wires88,iP10andg9wereretensionedatapproximately10,000,1,000and100hours,respectively.AsFigures3-Athrough3-Hindicate,generallytheQbertIConeenwealth IC retensioningratiovaluesforWire88arethelowest,andtheratiovaluesforMiref10arelowerrelativetoWire89.Fromthisitcanbeconcludedthat,generally,alowerpercentageoftheoriginalunretensionedstressrelaxationoccursforlaterretensioningtimes.However,afterasufficientduration(timeafterretensioning),theeffectoftheretensioningtimebecomeslesssignificanttotheextentthatastheretensioningtimeincreasesbeyondaparticularrange,theretensioningratiotendstoapproachaconstantvalue.ThisisseenfromFigures3-Ethrough3-Hwherebeyond>10,000hoursafterretensioning,MirejP10'andWire88haveapproximatelythesameretensioningratiovaluesalthoughtheywereretensionedatdifferenttimes.ThedatafromWireiP3providessupportingevidence,whichisdiscussedinthenextsection.Theconditiondescribedaboveapparentlydoesnotholdtrueforveryearlyretensioningtimes.Wire89,retensionedat100hrs~,stillexhibitsretensioningratiovaluesthatarehigherthanthoseforWires758andiP10evenat350,000hrs.afterretensioning(Figure3-H).2.2.2WireHeatFigures3-Athrough3-HindicatethattheretensioningratiovaluesforWiref$8andWireg3areinthesameneighborhood.AscanbeseenfromTable1,Wireg3hasthesametesttemperatureandinitialstressasthatofWire$8.ButMire83isfromadifferentheatanditwasretensionedatadifferenttime'.6000hoursversusapproximately10,000hoursforWire88.RecallthatWiref10wasretensionedat1000hoursanditsretensioningratioisslightlylargerthanthatofWire88whenthedurationafterretensioningislessthan10,000hours.Fordurationlongerthan10,000hours,thereexistsnodifferenceintheretensioningratiovaluesbetweenWireF10andMireg8.Therefore,itwouldbeexpectedthatforWire83andWireg8,thedifferenceinGilbert/Commonwealth retensioningtimeof6000hrs.versus10,000hrs.wouldnotproduceanysignificantdifferenceinretensioningratiovalues=,after10,000hrs.,iftherewerenoeffectofthedifferentwireheats.Infact,theretensioningratiodataindicatesthatthisisindeedthecase,evenasearlyas1000hrs.afterretensioning(Figure3"C).Also,comparingFigure2-AwithFigure2-D,itisinterestingtonotethattheshapesoftheBasecurveandRetensionedcurveofWire83areverysimilartothoseofWire98,althoughthereexistsasignificantdifferenceinmagnitudeofthestressrelaxationcurves.Basedontheprecedingobservations,itseemsreasonabletoconcludethattheretensioningratiovaluesarethesamefordifferentwireheats,allotherparametersbeingequal.2.2.3TemperatureSincethecomparisonaboveforWires/j3and88indicatesthatthewireheathasnoeffectontheretensioningratio,itisreasonabletoconsiderWires84,812,andg7asonegroupallwiththesametemperatureof68F,andWires89,810,83and88asanothergroupallwiththesametemperatureof104F,eventhoughmorethanonewireheatisinvolvedineachgroup.Figures3-Athrough3-Hshowthatthewiresat68Fgenerallyhavehigherretensioningratiovaluesthanthewiresat104oF.ThedataofWires84,$12,and87arecomparablewiththoseofWires8107$3yand88inthesensethattheywereretensionedataboutthesametimes,respectively.Thefiguresindicatethattheretensioningratiodatapointsfor68Fdonotbehavequiteaswellasthoseat104F,particularlyattherelativelyearlytimesafterretensioningof10hrs.and100hrs(Figures3-Aand3-B).Forthesetimes,the68oFretensioningratiovaluesincrease,ratherthandecrease,withthetimeofretensioning.However,beyond1000hrs.afterretensioning(Figure3-CthroughFigure3-H),the68oFdata
exhibitsthes'arnebasiccharacteristicofthe104Fdata,namelyagenerallydecreasingretensioningratioasthetimeofretensioningincreases.Anotherobservationisthatafterabout4000hours(Figure3-D),thedataforWiresf12and87,retensionedat5500hrs.and11,600hrs.,approachthe104Fresults;andatatimeafterretensioningof100,000hours(Figure3-G)andthereafter,thetemperatureeffectbecomesinsignificant.FromFigure3-GandFigure3-H,Wires/$10',83,88,gl2and87allhavethesameretensioningratioat100,000hrs.andbeyond,regardlessofthetimeatwhichtheywereretensioned.However,Wired4whichwasretensionedat1000hrs.stillexhibitsadifferentretensioningratio,apparentlyduetoitstemperaturedifference(compareWiresg4and810).Basedontheobservationsabove,twogroupsofcurves,eachgrouprepresentingatemperaturecondition,wereestablishedasshowninFigures3-Iand3-J.Eachcurverepresents,Eoraparticularretensioningtime,theretensioningratioversustimeafterretensioning.ThesewerebasedonthecurvesinFigures3"Athrough3-H.TheprocedureusedEorconnectingthedatapointsinFigures3-Athrough3-HEoreachtemperatureconditionisdescribedbelow.2.2.4CurvesEor104oFSincethequantityofdatawassomewhatlimited,onlyalinearconnectionofthedatapointswasconsideredtobepractical.AsshowninFigures3-Athrough3-H,datapoints9R,10Rand8Rareconnectedwithstraightlinessincethetestconditionsandheatnumbersofthesewiresarethesame.Datapoint3R(differentheat)liesonlyslightlybelowthe10R-8Rlinefortimesafterretensioningupto100,000hrs.,andthedatapointisonlyslightlyabovethelineat350,000hrs.afterretensioning.Thesedeviationsareregardedasinsignificant,anddatapoint3RisconsideredtobeaconfirmationoftheretensioningratiovaluessetbytheresultsfromWire88.AhorizontallinewasextendedQbcrt/Comnenwealth10 E
frompoint8Routto350,000hoursastheextrapolation.Thisseemstobejustifiedasdiscussedintheprecedingsection.Theretensioningratiobecomesaconstantastheretensioningtimeincreasesbeyondaparticularvalue.Acomparisonbetweenpoints3Rand8Rindicatesthisoccursforretensioningtimesasearlyas6000hoursforthe104Fcondition.Certainlytheresultsindicatethatforretensioningtimesbeyond10,000hours,theretensioningratiohasreachedaconstantvalueateachspecifictimeafterretensioning.However,itisseenthattheretensioningratioincreasesasthetimeafterretensioningincreases.Thecurvesforthe104FdatawerereplottedinFigure3-I.Inthisfigure,theretensioningratioisplottedasafunctionofthetimeafterretensioning,andeachcurverepresentsaparticularretensioningtime.2.2.5Curvesfor68FAsimilarapproachwasusedtoestablish68Fcurves.Threedatapoints4R,12R,7Rwerefirstconnectedbystraightlines.Thelineswereextendedforextrapolationsto100hrs.andoutto350,000hrs.However,upperandLowerboundstotheextrapolatedLineswereimposedasindicatedbelow.Astheretensioningratioisdefined,itcannotexceedavalueof1.Thus,thelinearextrapolationsbackto100hrs.inFigures3-Dthrough3-Harecut-offataratiovalueof1.Intheextrapolationoutto350,000hrs.,theLineforthe68oFcurveappearstointersectwiththehorizontallinefor104oF.Beyondtheintersectionpoint,itisconservativetoassumethatthe68Fcurvewillmergeinto,butnotfallbelow,the104oFcurve.Thedataaloneisnotsufficienttoindicateifthisassumptionisjustified.Nevertheless,thereisnoreasontoexpecttheretensioningratiodatafor68Ftoreverseitsprevioustrendandbecomelessthanthe104Fvalues.Qbert/Commonwealth11 Figures3-Aand3-Bareparticularlydiscussedhere.Obviouslyfromthefiguresitisverydifficult,ifatallpossible,tojustifyareasonableextrapolationcurveforthe68Fconditionwhenthetimeafterretensioningislessthan1000hrs.However,inthiswork,itisreaLlynotnecessarytodeterminetheretensioningratiovaluesattimesafterretensioninganylessthan1000hrs.sincenoneofthetendonswereretensionedpriortothistime.Therefore,thecurvesinFigures3-Aand3"Bwerenotconsideredinthetendonforcepredictions.Onlythe68Fand104FcurvesshowninFigures3-Cthrough3-HwereusedandthesearereplottedinFigure3-J.Inthefigure,thetimeafterretensioningnowappearsonthehorizontalcoordinateline,andeachcurverepresentsaparticularretensioningtime.WithFigures3-Iand3-J,theretensionedstressrelaxationcanbepredictedbyapplyingtheretensioningratiovaluestotheBasecurves.TheBasecurvesappearinFigures2-Athrough2-G.Atanyparticulartimeafterretensioning,theretensioningratioforaparticulartemperatureandtimeofretensioningcanbedirectlyreadorobtainedbyinterpolationusingbothFigure3"IandFigure3-J.ThisratiovaluecanthenbeusedasamultiplieronthestressrelaxationvaluefromtheBasecurveobtainedatthesametimeasthetimeofinterestafterretensioning.Theresultingvalueisthepredictedstressrelaxationfortheretensionedwireataparticulartemperature,andaparticularretensioningtimeandtimeafterretensioning.Forcomparison,theRetensionedcurveswhichwerepredictedbytheFactorMethoddescribedaboveareidentifiedas"F.M."andshowntogetherwiththeLehightestdataintheFigures2-Athrough'2-G.AlsoshowninthefiguresaretheRetensionedcurvespredictedbytheSuperpositionMethod(LabeledbyS.M.).Thismethodisdiscussedbelow.Qbert/Commonwealth12 3.0TENDONFORCEPREDICTIONSUptothispoint,thediscussionshavebeenlimitedtotheLehightestprogramontheretensionedwires.Byusingtheretensionedtestdata,apredictiontechniquecalledtheFactorMethodwasdevelopedwhichoffersareasonableapproachfordeterminingtheretensionedstressrelaxationinthetestwires.However,thefinalobjectiveistoapplythistechniquetothepredictionofstresslossintheretensionedtendons.Forthispurpose,retensioningratiovalueswhicharesuitedtotemperatureconditionsoftheactualtendons,andBasecurveswhichrepresentthestressrelaxationpropertiesofthetendonswereestablishedinthemannerdescribedbelow.3.1RetensioningRatioValuesforActualTendonsDuringplantoperationtheairtemperatureinsidethecontainmentisapproximately100F,andthetemperatureofthetendonsisexpectedtorangeashighas85Fto95oF(page2-38,Reference1).Itisbelievedthatthistemperaturerangehasbeenexperiencedbythetendonsduringmostoftheirlife.Therefore,anaveragetemperatureof90Fwasselectedastherepresentativetemperatureforthepredictionoftendonrelaxation.A'saresult,itwasnecessarytoestablishretensioningratiovaluescorrespondingto90oFinordertoapplytheFactorMethodtotheactualtendons.EitherFigures3Athrough3H,oralternativelyFigures3Iand3J,maybeinterpolatedtoobtaintheratiovaluesfor90F.Figures3Athrough3Hwereactuallyused,forbetteraccuracy.Theresulting90FcurvesarepresentedinFigure3K.3.2BaseCurvesforActualTendonsFigures3-1and3-2ofReference1showtheunretensioned(Base)stressrelaxationofallthespecimensinvolvedintheLehighTestGilbert/Commonwealth14
Program.Thewiresfog1thesespecimenswereextractedfromTendons51,76and150stInthefiguresitisseenthattheunretensionedrelaxatignpropertyvariesdependingontesttemperature,initial.sggess,andmaterialheat.Amongthesecurves,fourrepresentativeoneswereselectedandreplottedinFigure4herein.TheyFgrecurves76-C(Wire88,0.7GUTS,104F)a76B(Wile$7a0~7GUTSa68F)a51B(Wire83a0~7GUTSY104F)and51-C(Wirevg4,0.7GUTS,68oF).TheBasecurvesfortendon150werenot<uspdbecause,asexplainedinReference1,thedataofinterestat:,g7CGUTSand104Fwassuspect.Wt,Byusingalinearintprpolationbetweenthecurvesat68Fand...104oF,thecurvesfoehn'tendon76at90oFandTendon51at90Fwereestablished..t,.ghgycarelabeledas76-90oFand51-90oFinFigure4.Thesetwopprvesareconsideredasrepresentative*unretensionedrelaxationcurves,orBasecurves,at90Ffortendons,76and51.Thy.figureshowsthatcurves76-90Fand51-9QzFareverysimilarinshape,althoughsomewhatdifferentinmagnitude'(16.6%versus,14.2%at100,000hours).ofFromFigures2.9-2~2.gt3,and2.9-4inReference1,itwasshownthattheaverageeEfeggivestressrelaxationat100,000hoursforalltendonscompri'qedppldlyofwiresfromanyofthethreedifferenttestheatswasintheneighborhoodof15%.Thisvalueisnotedbetweenthecurves76-90Fand51-90oFinFigure4.The15%valueforaverageeffectivestressrelaxationiswithin10percentofthetest;tvaluesof16.6%(Curve76-90oF)and14.2%(Curve51-90F).Therefore,itseemsfeasibletoestablishasingleBasecurveforuseindeterminingthestresslossesinalltendons.Atthevery,/east,alltheBasecurves,ifthereexistsmorethanone,should,haveasabhaesimiliartothe76-90For51-90oFBasecurves.~bToinvestigatethisfurther,twodifferentapproachestoestablishingunretensionedrelaxationcurves(Basecurves)forthetendons.wereconsidered,whicharediscussedbelow..Qbert/Commonwealth15 4
e3.2.116%RelaxationCurveItwasassumedthatacommonunretensionedrelaxationcurve(Basecurve)canbeusedforallthetendons.ThiscommonBasecurvehasarelaxationof15%at100,000hours,andhasashapesimilartoCurve76-90oF.TheshapeofCurve76-90'FwasselectedoverCurve51-90Fbecauselonger-termtestdatawasavailableforthiscurve,whichwouldprovideamoreaccurateextrapolationoutto40years.At100,000hrs.theratioof0.9wasestablished(15%divided'y16.6%),andthe15%curvewasconstructedbyscalingCurve76-90oFbythisfactor.TheresultingcurveisshowninFigure5andisnotedas"16%BaseCurve",sincethe40yearrelaxationturnedouttobenearly16%.TheothertwocurvesshowninFigure5wereconstructedbyapplyingtheretensioningratiovalues,obtainedfromthe1,000hr.and100,000hr.curvesinFigure3-K,tothe16%BaseCurve.Thus,thetworesultingcurvesinFigure5representtheretensionedstressrelaxationpropertyofa16%relaxationgradeofwireafterthewireisrestressedeitherat1,000hrs.or100,000hrs.I'followingitsoriginalstressing.3.2.2EffectiveStressRelaxationCurveAsanalternativetousing.acommonrelaxationcurve,auniqueBasecurvewasdeterminedforeachtendon.TheeffectivestressrelaxationwhicheachtendonhadexhibitedasofJune1980(100,000hrs.)wasdeterminedfirst.Then,ascalingfactorsimilartothatobtainedforthe16%curvewasdeterminedforeachtendon,basedonitsuniqueeffectivestressrelaxationvalueat100,000hrs.Basedonthevalueofthefactor,the76-90oFcurveinFigure4wasscaledtoprovideacorrespondingBasecurveforeachtendon.Forcomparison,bothtypesofBasecurvesdescribedinsections3.2.1and3.2.2wereusedtoreevaluatethestresslossintheGlberC/Commonwealth16 K,
tendonsfortheJuly1981surveillance.Theapproachwhichresultsinthebestagreementwiththelift-offforces,usingtheretensioningratiovaluesdescribedin'ection3.1,canbeusedforforcepredictionsatfuturesurveillances.3.3PredictedTendonForcesatJuly1981SurveillanceTheJuly1981surveillancewasperformedoneyearandonemonth(9490hours)aftertheJune1980retensioning.Eighteentendonswereselectedforthesurveillance.Amongthe18tendonsundersurveillance,14werefromthetendonsretensionedinJune1980,andtheremainingfourtendonswerefromthoseretensionedinMay1969.Thetendonnumbers,lift-offsequences,lastlock-offforces,andmeasuredlift-offforcesatthesurveillance,arepresentedtogetherwith,thepredictedresultsinTable2.TheretensioningratiovaluesdescribedinSection3.1wereusedforpredictingthestressrelaxationinthetendonwires.TheseratiovalueswereobtainedfromFigure3KandappliedtothetwodifferenttypesofBasecurvesdiscussedinSection3.2.Otherforcelossesduetosuchasshrinkage,creep,andelasticshorteninginconcretewerecalculatedusingthemethodologyIdescribedinReference1.Thecombinedforcelosswasthensubstractedfromeachtendonlock-offforceappearingincolumn(1)ofTable2.Theresultsarelistedineithercolumn(3)orcolumn(4),dependingonwhetherthe16KBasecurveoranEffectiveStressRelaxationcurvewasusedastheBasecurve.Theseforcesaretobecomparedwiththemeasuredvaluesappearingincolumn(2)ofTable2.AcomparisonofthepercentIdifferencebetweenmeasuredandpredictedforcesforthetwotypesofBasecurvesispresentedincolumns(1)and(2)ofTable3.Themeanoftheabsolutesumofthepercentdifferencesforthe16/Basecurveapproachis1.64/,comparedto2.64/fortheindividualBasecurveapproach(EffectiveStressRelaxationcurves).WithoutconsideringTendon74,becauseitseffectiveGilbertICommonwcalth17
~~
stressrelaxationvaluewassomewhatquestionable,thevaluesreduceto1.55%comparedto2.21%.Comparingalltheresultsincolumns(1)and(2),itseemsreasonabletoconcludethatbothtypesofBasecurvesresultinpredictedtendonforcesthatgenerallyagreeaboutequallywellwiththeforcesmeasured.Thepredictedforce-versus-timecurvesforeachtendonareshowninFigure6.Thesolidcurvesrepresentpredictedforcesbasedon(1)theEffectiveStressRelaxation(E.S.R.)oftheparticulartendon,modifiedbytheretensioningratiovalues,and(2)16%relaxation,modifiedbytheretensioningratiovalues.The1981surveillancedataarealsoindicatedinFigure6.ReturningtoTable3,columns(3)and(4)showthepercentdifferencebetweenthemeasuredforcesand95%timesthepredictedforces.The95%predictedforcevalueistheacceptancelimitthatisspecifiedinanewsubsectionintheASMECodeonInserviceInspectionofConcreteContainments(2).Itisseenfromcolumns(1)and(2)thatthemeasuredforcesaregenerallyslightlybelowtheirpredictedvaluesfor9ofthetendonforcespredictedusingthe16%Basecurveandfor7ofthetendonsusingtheEffectiveStresRelaxationBaseCurves.However,allbut-oneIofthemeasuredfocesaregreaterthan95%ofthepredictedvaluesforbothapproaches.
4.0CONCLUSION
S,1.ComparedtotheSuperpositionMethod,theFactorMethod,whichusesretensioningratiovalues,providesthebestmeansforaccountingfortheretensioningeffectonstressrelaxationinthetendonforcepredictionprocess'.ThecurvesfortheretensioningratiovaluespresentedinFigure3KaretobeappliedtoaBasecurverelaxationforfutureforcepredictionsfortheGinnatendons.Gilbert/Commonwealth18
~~
3.Boththe16%RelaxationBaseCurveandtheEffectiveStressRelaxationBaseCurveresultedinpredictedtendonforcesthatgenerallyagreeaboutequallywellwiththeforcesmeasuredattheJuly1981Surveillance.Althoughthe16%BaseCurvehastheadvantageofsimplicity,sinceonecurveappliesforallthetendons,bothtypesofBasecurveswillbeusedfortheJuly1983Surveillanceinordertoprovideafurthercomparison.Gijlert/Commonwealth19
REFERENCESRobertE.GinnaNuclearPowerStationContainmentBuildinTendon2.ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeSectionXI-RulesforInserviceInsectionofNuclearPowerPlantComonentsDraftSubsectionIHX-InserviceInsectionofConcreteContainments,May1982.GilbertICommonwea!th20
~~
TABLE1STRESSRELAXATIONTESTCONDITIONSOFRETENSIONEDWIRESTendonI.D.SpecimenNo.Heat'No.StressTemperature(%GUTS)(F)TimeatRetensionedRetensioningDuration(Hours)(Hours)51-B51-C194771947770701046860001000182141113776-C76-Bl76-B276-B1030091300913009130091'07070701041041046810190100100011600142298635192293575150>>C21210355706855009720Stbert/Commonwealth21
'
TABLE2JULY1981SURVEILLANCEFORCESCOMPAREDWITHPREDICTIONSTendonNo.SequenceofLift-OffLast(>>Lock-Off(Kis)MeasuredLift-Off(Kis)(2)16KRelexationwithRetensioningEff.StressRelax.withRetensioning(3)(4)PredictedLift-OffForce(Kis)June1980RetensionedTendons1315517215153626374761754776765765761773769749730738727725710734716722731721713734723723722730.7307087077187387237287107337176647684'312513310121314754753761'68757713714713705734714713721726718707711714746712May1969RetensionedTendons3336116161718770763744757679657646690670664647658679689660663>>InJune1980,exceptforthetendonsretensionedinMay1969Qbert/Commonwealth22
~~'I~t TABLE3PERCENTDIFFERENCEINHEASUREDVERSUSPREDICTEDFORCESTendonNo.Predicted16%Relax.E.S.R.withwithRTRTE.S.R.withRT16%Relax.withRT95%Predicted(2)(3)(4).131551721515362637476849312513333361161.23.5-1.00.3-1.81.7-1.9~-1.13.2-0.10.1-1.1-2.92.21.3-0.24.93.32.8<<1.50'.3-2.53.32~30.710.10.80.4-0.1-5.53.1c-4.6-2.14.16.69.04.35.63.47.03.24.18.75.15.44.12.27.66.74.25.110.48.78.23.75.62.78.82.86.015.96.25.75.1-0.58.55.30.43.09.5Z]An[g=l1.642.645.715~92NZ(An[g=lNW.O.TENDON741.552.215.53533Qbert/Commonwealth23
FIGURESGilbert/Commonwealth
~Ag41A 10XOI>CCCIIICLI1.00.10.11.~I'fl.'1;rit"hllrr31itI.11titIi}ill.:1I:it3CTTi'Il~',ll'I!I,I:Irr.3F'IpirI~hI1'I.O11.t',rfttftt3s~}t~iIii!IT.lt,,'iliI'I,r,'tjtf.t'C.10I"I'~Iit,lir'l,Ill!.ii'itlFjl'liifiliL'lI'1.illlit!lflit.ili~'t.'1EI1C11'hh~'1F1FI,t'l,itl'I,illIii~itl~Ifit!IiI!IENSRETEOONlitCIr3"Il'!li.,",;IIFIl.lh3tilI'1lF9'hFiil~Il'~ILa~tlguJt'IItiiiillii::IIII1IIIJ2Ittt'1'IIFCilI3illI:i:ITII,:'1;IJI~Illlit31lISIIIIIIilI"ill!Ill!IliitiJtttI.ll1I,L:;i.Iil'li'ITttIIIti.iIFIiltI'iIffl,l1il!ft~i!IIill:llill'l'F1'ItltfipIg"11=it'rIII3t.11IIij'iIr,'.:il'r',r,11iittI'itigi1I)+I.It100100010,000100,000350,000TIME!HOURS)lFhrthi1>>1,'ht1CIFIGURE1-ABASEANDRETENSIOHEDSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIREN3(Sl-B) 0~'III 10'zOIEL5tLI1.00.1Ij)jIIiji~tJ~l,'TT,~~!,iIIIIilIIIIsl'Ii!111III:iiiII'II~I~s~i'1~.I'Iil'tl'I11ill"1st'.I,1~,s'll'I,,liiiII.'ii.II:it!I'll,'lit'I""It~11,"I1.0ii'i'Iisff5I'I"II"ill't.I)t".Iti;jli'il1iiSitiIl.hI'JII~ll1'>It1')I10i~s1tJ'I'tiiI1IILI::'.I1J.I'tisist5'I'~1Iiiii,ij',i:Il!ill','II'I'i'.:II:,Ij!ili'IIIlli'!-'ll.'"'jrcj'.1:~LIEIIB,s.rt'll!1II'1II'rI'rJI~ti:I:li!ii!1',lf.::L"ETL1st'j"litii'ti'iiiIIIII!i':,'lii!0ji!III1'1:ii'jitil,':J!II-11'i1!i!Jl'5II:iiljItiII.lit,li.ilII'-'L!'!I.'T;I!IL;I'tiiliif!II!'iljlt1.1!Ili~1st5Ii'5'1-';4Tsi-I,If!tlIhlIll[liIg,'!IIll!il'jji'l:;I'III',jj11jijjl!j!IllI'.s!g!i,lill:IrI,t1stli",I,~'fi.:si.iliijil'C,I*!1141(ifI44ijillsl.:I:II!II!!I;,:if~'.SEjiiIUII!tjlnlIitj".11!I"IifI,'.:jl:I.'.,ljljji"-.lll'1'i!I"'.I::I'l"I-II1I*':'Ili'Iii:~I1.!i.24l1st'i100)00010,000100,000350,000TIMEIHOURS)ir'fwFIGURE1-BBASEAHDRETEHSIOHEDSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIREa4(51-C)
~~pr IlII1!i,I!I!IjiII!I(1Fli!i!Il0.10.110LC'XOI->CCCCCI1.0:)1'!!.'i)Tt:Ill';!;':I.!'!JtlS'.il.CEl!I1'lJl.'P,,ltlf3.:IC'Ilit!!;:!I;;!!I'Jlr"II'lljT'IIfI!1.0)3yIII'II'.iH}I!Ill.A;tllii',l!)J'T!3ilLTl1']-~,Ill10I~'I~II'll'\it'1);li'r~tl~l'"tf)l"I'I,'..II~I.)I\lhI':Ii,i!l,'~h'rt'I'~l'.I'lIS'JhIl'llit'!i!l:.1'l!i)'iS.1:'I.1'l;I4lI'I'IjLi!II!IIIIl]l~Ei~i,'1rI'I'i'I',I'I,I.CTj'!Ip~'!!!rttjTENSIOIIiRENEOlj(zII'll.'.'..i!!,:CTIMEIHOURS)tj!IlijI!I!!ii)ji~I!I!I~!ll)l!h!!,,"!I'.lllIII!!!!.)'EJi~!!I:=.Tl;.T"!1'T)Itt'.,T'll"llJTI.'I):li'Ir:l.".T.iI)lI'X;1Iil'II/I'lillill'tI1tlrl)lilft!l!::li!JPg).JtlS'it"ittI!10,000l!ti!!!,IJ)fI'I:;",1'tli!j)I(:tii'ltl"iI'IPlIYII'-'irrtiI:"ll!!,'l)tit'lli.IIta.h.CI)T(-I'-.q"I'IIfillr";ilijI';,'l!iJgtliTT:ili!",)!I.:;)$i!I'rfbi'tfI1";lL'tI.IlT1lI'1JtlITiITl!;!it)liIi)tlI.)III!I()~Il!IIjl;i)ti,ltIII,'llIililiL'!~rj:!"IillIllIlit1!1',L"i)l,rtl)AIl'Iltjt9-:4~1'II:0.IIV5.'10,t.Itl.It,Ifi;'!i:It!Et~/ilt)hljl.'1l.l"h'il~t.1JI100,000350,000FIGURE1-CBASEANDRETENSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIREN(76-B)
II1IrIliI10EzOI>CCL'L'1.0l!1I}Ii0.10.1}Iil}LLi}.Illilll~tg47gtii.IIil'ir',.L'p,',iiIi'.t'iir,i:.IJIit~'.0ljibii'il1itlj',rrrtZit~'III'I~Iti~~;I'Ijji~ijjjj1}]Ijl11}~10rI!Iiiti.Il}l.I;~I:".}!'I;i,i5IrIii'i:,}l'i'II5,'}.h1r'.I,!}it:i@.}iii:II:}i:jtp}'lItlI'INFtCr.r.;I'I;;it1Ili!!ltIIl}lli'Iiii'.1t'"~jrtill'ASEci!IIINti}IIrl'1::!'}'Ittltt,~}ii.J,"-ilI'th}t}I'-ilil'tIl}iETifI3i.EHI"li}.1IAi}-iilIIS}OHiED1I}...!:ti~!.Ii}rtlt"11ll:Ili.I'"!IiiN!ItI:}.f.;!Iit,;i'iir.1Ij~lJll,i};il"SIrrrI}'Stt'I.I'l!'IJIi'lTir'i1Illi.IUSEI'Iii,iIii5RtllilIt.tilljii,i.3i',}i't,I;ii(i'Iiiii~'.,'I100100010,000100,000TNE}HOURS)IIl!I!IIit}.}I!iiili'I';i,ll!liitllil.'.~Iii}'l'llIii!}.li'tL3.350,0001N:tiiJ',IFIGURE1-DBASEAHDRETEHSIOHEDSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIRErr8(76-g ~~ 10LC'zOI>CCCCL'1.0I1IIIiijj;II-LT.t,'ilL~Lr1C11ji'I"*1'I.ii71Witti!;r.jfr,ItI1Jj,t"IIffl,II!III.iLiirliilli'!llIL!I,rt"I:itjrrtr'll,II11IIjJLI'1.'I,tiii'1I~'IrIIr~rf,i(trLri'it',i.I'~11'Ir,:I'II5tl111'tI111'I1IftI'.IeApjIII5!IiI;;iji!Ilit1IttEt'iiL"JItIQlirl!''Ilrlf5ltF1LCTEN1I'f~tlI~i~LL1!jiIIIIIEDiiIIIli!Iliji!Iiirl.'rljtljlI.~ir,"i'1'IIC.1'I"1'ALI'riit,;I1jrtir'.C1:i1l.0.10.11.0TIMEIHOURS)10,000FIGUREI-E8ASEANDRETENSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIREII9(76-8I) PI~ fa10Ce'OII1JI1.00.10.1tIlltli!!!IIIilir,L',ftItrI1tJt.;ti"Itrif(!li"Itllij'1fgifltlil1If1.0ilal:hlIl'IrI]1,.1,"StLrttIJteliiif:'.~lI10,~jiII1,IilI~~.rI,il'1i,IF.:LiJfLlit'IiiI,-IEII'j\fI~1'II!iilI'!lIjplljlLtjI'IIjjI,,I+,frNglitlll,fl:ifilij'll,...rjill:'BASE:III.1Il3j".hljht'I,,IlitiilI!!!ff1titlLilRETEN0S!EN'ILilf.'lli;I!trr<jJftItvIIEIli.t.l'I'tIN1l[l'ItjPI.iit,I10,000li0I~ljIjIIIi.IIitltI!Ip!ll"li!I!illIfli"t4{~)i1ll~Ir'F!i1jill',:i=tIiff"iiti;Ill,iii'llIL19.2SE~tIjjl',10.5"r-Ii.'iliii'tllittI'I..':;I':l'l!I::tr.{f'I":.I.J}III'ia.",.II:I'1:IiNf,f~i111tfi~~tilt'J~100,0003$0,000TL{E(HOURS)FIGURE1-FBASEANDRETENSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIRE810(16-82)
IIJELLijll10LCXOICCI1.00.10.1I"JI1<<<<,II}ij5i0:I!,F,I'Ilr;II11if.IIIIIJ.Ili1.0JtI>>IIII.l>>i:il't'III',i;llI14TgI<<E4rlIIl~10'!lllj1II.Itj,II~Ih~'I'.LLIII:II,Ji,r,"14IIliI,1Z'0.'I'I:I;;'-"'ll'2IjLIif41Iliv...ECI4<<I,BAS<<I,IRETENSftrill,i'I'IOggi)lIIlIII!tj'I1I'IIi',1'rr'<<[IIIT<<L1'lill.;111.<<I.<<tfjlt<<ll<<Ili'!llf~[llilil,iiftljj:II:I:1.12tIIIj)I.jljIll(I~.'tliltlil'~lii:,,l.l.4>>II'IiI'I."J.fiif:II~llll,",I'lL~illI:-'IIItf~~IIt1lftIIII,II'I'IIJIIj<<IIfI'I'ft;11,I1IJII'\.'I'rzItvI~tBr"rII:.L'r;'ll.'74:IJ;.I'il!II',!Ill;ill'lif"IlfI!:L3'.!I'.S:<<I'1I1I",4<<iJI.100100010,000100,000350,000TIME(HOURS)FIGURE1-GBASEAHDRETEHSIOHEDSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIREf12(150-C2)' ~~
41jIr]lt't5lIf"t'1ri4I'CilS2)III~IIIll1IIjIII~;liiL:I,",IEl'.,I'tl4L16-11)(74p4I'I~'ll,lil,il,tlT,.tI'4ItIrtIi(1IIVIt]~II3.'ig'lijlIIj'!ijlli::l1I'III.":j.t'llf!lll.it!I:1rltIVIt]5,Jgt,1'tr,Vt1,1:VI.IVglLLt.~'ll.jfjiIll;j.QiIfp!~Il.ilj$jjjl:~~I~I:~,I~It.11.I31Vtf~li:(1!I"4I/ItillI;I.il,'I519j2EVt..vf11r34tt0'111fi'il.Ill',ll,.~lt,")fifilll)11,4.fI:.l]I;I!iijI~!3tfIjiiI!I'llLgVtl~".II".14IijIIUSEI:l'II'Ii:il.l.IIr.FOR5ftftII.iiI'U11lilfi'ttI!Ij~lLIIjirriIIt1PIIjIltL'1.8A,)6I-'105!5<IHOl10t17ill1VVVII'itf5i'!j!lfiIL'I:lt~1II"10TIME(HOURS)100,000FIGURE1-1RETEHSIOHEDSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIRESN,69,AND8)0 ~~ 18IS14,Ill!JtlaI'I"!tt;I!t.'I"ill,"t"~~i'ASE13~"1211a10I9Ct:8II'jIlt,',lljiajlLill.~ttjjIEjjt'I.tlt'MIllljI!IlI'II,I>>1llIj!aHESIOHEO3R)t'l01.010tllaljiti!t1000TIME(HOURS)tt&i!i:.I~10,000FIGURE2-ABASEANDRETENSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIRE83(5)-B) ~'~' 1817161413II0llRXo10I>C9IllIL'LI~A}1}kl,II>>IliIF;Ijill'I'lTi}j;I>>ililSEBAIFMTEHSII0I>>(Iljir'ED4R0iIlPIilIiIIl>>Ii}ll[>>IlI'lliICil'}lti+Ilt,ISMIIl/jIillIII'i:I>>il'}>>1.0101000TIME(HOURS)10,000FIGURE2-8BASEANDRETENSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIREi!4(51-C) ~~I 181615141312C>>o10XItl>>9w8CCI,I'(I*ElIIi,i'jjii,f}jjtjl<<Ii}ISEPlC1i!!IIi'I'I~II!FMlj'ttrl!!f'I'g,I{ilI~'l,il:i}44.RETIEjijtDSIDHEHI!iJ(7R)II1.-t~Ilii'"i'-01.010!jl1000TIMEIHOURS)10,000FIGURE2-CBASEANORETENSIONEOSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIRE){7(76-B) ~~t
IS16IS1312Xo11IX10CL'll9CLsnI'glifij!(!~\)IIISl0EHET1Ec'CC,~Ilj~lIl!(((C!I!t!8ASEipI))f.ll!I~!r'llsllrIjest/Ilk;I~IC'C18.516Ci(f,fjiIjflc!III0).0101000TIME(HOURS)10,000FIGURE2-EBASEAHDRETEHSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIREN9(76-81)
1817161513511I10WPu9~IIllI}iI,lt.I'silI"StIliil}'IEBASl!i!llIlliL~.RETEili;.'IHSI01'IIED(1II.'I(9.2'131.0fi!I~I1000TIME(HOURSII1:illI0,000f!I:100,000350,000i}l,xiII!iIIt!,I1!I,'FIGURE2-FBASEANDRETENSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIREIt10(76-82) '(~~4 CiCt10ICx7t>C6CL'u5Ct:IVlll'ri~tii'irr~Il!Irll,'I!Iill'.Iil'Ill"'.~AN%3.8tf'SIriitr,L~~10I~'r!!I't!IIRE1ilgc;1000TIME(HOURS)10,000FM100,000350,000"IllFIGURE2-GBASEANDRETENSIOHEDSTRESSRELAXATIOHFORWIRE!12(I50-C2)
19)817C.CiI'!itli'.aar08R9R19.2)9/i18.51S)3LCo12I1)caCL10I!*,Citrtrl!IIIiItjlllII'.02,"10ill1000TNE(HOURS)10,000)00,000FIGURE2-HBASESTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIRES¹8,'¹9,'AND¹10 ~~~~ 18II17i'514,:IIIIItJl1312IIo10I9Ct8'"~Jijj!jii't'IIti',ItlIJhI7Ig10.57tItct543'I,tctlcti}tj'li9RI'r'0RjBRtIttltlh0101000TIME<HOURS)10000,000100,FIGURE2-lRETENSIONEDSTRESSRELAXATIONFORWIRES48,%9,'AND410 1.21.00.90.800.7ss'.0Z0.600.50.40.30.20.1~~~jl~I.II:.'l'II~!iii'li;le.ll'~i!i:lillI~l:l>:IIIi'ji'iI~VIII'lIIi:IIIlellIIIl,II'II>~l;I~j~~I";'.,"IIi"jl-I~elstileIijji'~IlRli:.'I~I"~~~~IlI;.'>I'iii.I.~I-I'lI:"!I~I',it~weel~I.IIi>lIli:illI>'l:IIleI';l>>lI~Ijl!Iij:II!~Iil10RI.ill'~ii'>l'I!I'li:I',:.I>I!III;l.'.I'.IiliIIjli>lieI!ll>4I:~4oFii101l'!68oFLI'>1s>,I'RRs~iI~~,;I~~I>il'e>[J~I;:II!i7R8RII"ilI:III~ll.:II::II".I;I!il'.I!IIIileji;!.ell.li>'IIjlllieI,>tseII'I'II'Ie.>>~'>~I~,I~~.",.:slli;elI'.:~~~~~'>'lr'.I!,>l"llil-~~+I':JJ0sI10100010,000TIMEOFRETENSIONINGIHOURS)'100,000350,000FIGURE3-ARETEHSIOHIHGRATIOATIOHOURSAFTERRETEHSIOHIHG 1.2'1.00.90.8O0.7CCX0.6Ow0.50.40.30.20.1010I~l'I:I~'tI'tt~I~tir,;I~~II;If;!I~:I~I;:-i~II~;I~.IIe~lI~i.-Il<<LLII'}t'lltItII.tI.'II<jjt~I:I'R!I~tI~IfIIfIiI~Ifii'lI~t}tIIIIt'.:i~tji,'i.IIItj'\'t'4.I~',fIf!I!."ti.,IItt~'>>I-".Ill::lt'I;:t'MI'll,I104oF-~'i,~I~~~I~~Itl~Ii.*,I'.'l,'III:I'1'I:;.~~,~I"liI~'II.;tllitij'tlII.IIt~f~~~IttlitI,I,.ItJI4~LLII~~'t~~!t~l68oF'I;IIII12R'II:Ittt,7R.~I~ttI~tIORIiILt8RII!itttll!:I!'I~t'If~II"~it3RLl100010,000TIEOFRETENSIONINGiHOURS)iI'IIII~iliI~iliI~I'.h:t;IrItlf"~llI'l"I't~I'"L..I...Lt'.I.I..'.:I!I!Ii!I.~IIiiIftt:IIl.;...:I:I,II1100,000350,000FIGURE3-BRETENSIOHIHGRATIOAT100HOURSAFTERRETENSIOHING 'L~'1 1.0I\~0.90.8O0.70,!I0.50<<40.3~I~l:~~~I".Ig~II'I.',~I~'"I'1't'.I.:Ilg.I~0.20.1tI'I'.2I~I~~1.1I.i;)tt:I-:I"II~II,)I'.IIIIltiiiI,')Iljg~I~gII~::;i':ll~IRI!I').jillIilL'lli(I!.tgI(;I::I.",~I'wI.rIt,t.'tltIi,I5o41OI;I~:I;-tItljtg.-'11.1iI!i~jl(tigg~ilIIII~lj~IIlq,1:It:I,'I:gI~ti4R,II~I~I10Rg.IgggIli::JtI~Ill'::!"IjitrIII'lr...:j)i'.,il'I:.*-';Itt~'.,Ii,',II:I.I"Igt.90oF'gIt.OItll~,II12Rg3Rt~:!i:'ttItlI,tIgI~~gIIII~lg1"I~~I~I.rtlltg(.i!I7RBR::lg~~~tII..il,iI,:~,IllIi::II:'.I"I~IllI'l,.~I~II~I.<<,itr'1I,t.:,I<<JI1104FoF'J~tl,'I'llii':!I"l'.-::IlitII'.:ii()llL0.2410100010,000TIMEOFRETENSIONINGPIOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-CRETEHSIOHIHGRATIOATIDDD'HOURSAFTERRETEHSIOHIHG (~ 1.2LO0.90.8O<0.7I06I050.40.30.20.1iII;Is"il'l~IelI'I"I!IJ~~I)"I'sIi:.l~'I~.I~e~II~.-I"ssI~~l'I~'l~~IIlii!'.Is!ie~l')Ieiii)li(I!',el.LIl.ii:;li'IIi',!I!isle~~4ll.I'llI"~s~.sllli!I!I:~~I~~~I9R~li)iIs.li)igii!1!:~S~~.'!I.:'.)III!i.l)l,s','..III,ljll:IIII~Ili!.~Ii'ijl~l)'III,I;~l.'lIll'II~7)~'s;:I',llIIIIi'I.'..;'4)eIII;I;.I;.Illlelr,::lPIII'II',I'l,.I,i,'!Il.Il.IeII;I'~-I)II'J)'.I,Iqeei.lii;I!;I'"ili)i:i:I!I,:.iI!I!i;j!.'"IIi"'tj:'.:oF;";'.,:.III~II~~'I~.~4~~I~~,'I.,Iel~r~~~s'l~IllI"-'!~I)li':i'I'~:1I10R~:I,ili:II104oF:06SF)12R3R'I.';4I-')1~I.lsIli~sI:"leI~)il~I)'s~sIlII)eel.;sli:;i~ji:'.II')li!iIIsSR)il:i)ii~~.'I~'~I~"Ill'tI~~le~~~~I,~~~s)I)II,)ei:.!:ilsij:~~I.l.~lI~Il'~I~~~'s0.31010100100010,000TIMEOFRETENS)ONING)HOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-DRETEHSIOHIHGRATIOAT4000HOURSAFTERRETEHSIOHIHG 1.21.00.90.80g0.7Ki060I-0.5CC0.4!',i:ii1'~"IsI'"III~~~I~I:;if,lI,,II~I:'I'IIIli:II.~~I.'"~~sg)lssl)s}ss~~issl~,'lsI~~',~':IIIss<<sslil:lsIff<<sss~~IllsI)s;Ill'IffI~sI;illI'sl"lss4I'Qs:Is'sIIIll'I~II'-.s1~4,'if~:I.lisssIIiljl;Ill).slsls,.I~...sl.'.I~s,~s".'isl.'ll'<<l.Ill::I':ll:l1i:ifi.~III,:~slI)filll'slisis"lsIrslss-I.4's'kfsqsr,'s;I."I~~I...ssos.~.I,")'Slts~<<~s~sss~~III~10R'I~46Fijl'ss~I~~~r)lsf.ssssl'-.ssl:IsIsl~,~Illsill'.iQsl4Rss1s:sIIIls;.-~!i!lIss68osssl'ssIss12R-'R"',~ll,Is~Ill:~~I~js.'I)II'~I~~III,~I)l!Il,fslsI..~'I.ls~II;~~Il*s.s~~I~~I~~~2R!!~ISR)l';lli'",<<I1I,'ss~IsI',Is.I..LIs".Isljssllsss'lI'Is's,Ii',:ll)lii)jllI~,IillI~il!:.~Is......l.0.410100010,000TIMEOFRETEHSIOHIHG(HOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-FRETENSIONINGRATIOAT40,000HOURSAFTERRETENSIONING ~~ 1.21.00.90.8O0.720.6~0.50.40.30.21j1e.~I's1I~'I1:III".I:IsIjl.~.~~s~~~I.s~'II.'.~I.r.'ssII;I,~~,Ii-1I"'IsiIi;I~I:I)'I'I~s~si.;I,s'll.'lIlI'Is,I1~s~I~IlI,'ls~I'.'ii',.Ie~sj;.sI~~~~~si~l,~~~siliisljiI!I:s~l,.lesIel4Rs4I.I.Iil.Iil.II1.;'I;I's~s90oF~~~'il;I)OR~i1040R1~~Ill...'sli"I::sli'srs,i:sI.l,Ils;Ii~s~'I.~IslsoF12R3RssI~;,Il,isslesl~7R:s8RI.isisii;lsse.Is~I'1.::;.I',lss~sI0.390.1010~~I~:I~I,Iss.)1000'10,000TIMEOFRETEHSIOHIHG(HOURS)IIs100,000350,000FIGURE3-ERETENSIONINGRATIOAT10,000HOURSAFTERRETENSIONING ~~' 1.21.00.90.8O0.70.60.50.40.30.20.1!:ij/~i~'~I"tI~~IIi~I~I',;Ii~I~~stIII~~Il.ls,sII"I~I~ill~11i.IlIi.~itsI..,s'i.l~istst'IllIji:tt:II'~I!IsHt;~'l'IIlii~I,I~!l'itt,t",jiItiI"I'lliIIItI-9RIl~.iii'.~I~'.isn't:I;"I'l.i..'t;!"ii-rtlI!I'-~.Ill4I",~st.~~II~tltlIIIIt'ItI,'II;It:IiiiII4,I,;ll904Fl.t44F-10Ijms.fllItii~III='.'t;.lt'ItIIt~,'tl~:IIilii~a.~l.',Il4RtIlI~~I~:sliIIs~sstfo12R;3Rt47RI,:8RIs~Il:I~~Is~I.~I,'~:.ll.sttl..I1':lo.Il'IlI'III'I:~~~I~It~tsII~.I..I.siii's"l~h0.4810100010,000TIMEOFRETEHSIOHIHGIHOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-FRETENSIONINGRATIOAT40,000HOURSAFTERRETENSIONING 1.21.00.90.8O0.70.6w0CC0.40.30.20.1l'.Ijil:~II:II~II'.:-I:~II>>I~.;Ill'iIIIiiII.il:=:,III::".I:~Ijll'I';:-:..,':II,I~.Ilfl~-II',I'I\Sl~lllfsfsfI':li~fsI,i"s~\l4Sl,isii3:I;It'9RIII~1~~lIiiilII'IIIll~':I"IilIIIll"II~I-.li.'I',siill!illl,I',I'l,iitIIl',fss'!i'~ll"90iif.i!.I;:r.]!II,III.FIs1jl,III,',III'I;s'.fl~sIfl;l':IIIfs>>s~~III,slII!If.g~104oF'IORI'l'~.I~,II'I'I'.rIlgI!II:IIll.ill~~Ii,I'L"~s~IIIoI"".60oFss.~VrI12R3RI,::IesiI~I.'I'-.Ili.:'Is'li'LL1~SRjI)I:~IIIle~ll:!li!II:II~.!i>>IllI~II;'".~>>sl~I~rI.II:LrI~'g1s:I".I~I'si:llsl'.'~I)~Illsi~.~I~~I~~~~IIIll~llI:,I'-I'l'~lifIII.Illjj:iI~.".:I!~~~Ils,0I~l"'"10100010,000TIMEOFRETEHSIOHIHG(HOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-GRETENSIONIXGRATIOAT100,000'HOURSAFTERRETENSIONING ~~ 1.21.00.90.8O0.70.60.50.40.30.20.1I~>I~~I',.I~II~:ilI~,I;1,~~(~II~'~i(I11(Ipl~~'i;I:(iC(I'I'i9RI.\~~~II~IICi(~~~~I=.~}::i:I~I~~I~I~1..:I;III1'I'.Ij904FICII'",~'R.1jib~II,Il~I(~It'I'IIic.II,II'I'~~"I.I'li'(:~~I'~~10R....1044FerI~II684F3R12RII~II~~8R~C~III])I'C,I0III1IT"IIIII010100010,000TIMEOFRETENSIONINGIHOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-HRETENSIONINGRATIOAT350,000HOURSAFTERRETEHSIONING l' 1.21.00.90.8Og07O0.6)-0.50.4~~Ij11'I!~I11~~lII1I~~~~',I'.~~~l('1~II.(jl:l).j~II<<I"I)1'~F1I'II;..1),e41.I';..al<<'I4'r,!,<<1~IajI'l~1~<<~II<<<<Ila.!<<Ijl'5r<<<<>>1<<<<.!iI'll'<<~11I!I~~(~-{-I<<;I!Lll!)(~:<<I!\I<<1<<1~,ijieTfPT'.I<<>>I.I/<<il~I~:Ill1AT100HI~5a~~I~'I.4a.1~<<JIIiII~I!'.!,I'I\1I(..I;>>I.~~~~"Il.0.3~'i'ta;I~zoo(j0.2I'.1)II~lal.('.~!i'~la(,el~II11!')4<<'1~~Ii'il~II1I~~~~~~~~~III>>010100100010,000TIMEAFTERRETENSIONING(HOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-(RETENSIONIHGRATIOFOR104F ~~ 1.00.90.8O0.7'XO0.60.50.40.3Ot20.1~~(~~i:-~~r(~II'(I:.I"I~II~~II~~I~I!~IIII~.I~I~~~;liil~I~.II,I.ie.:I'I"IIIill,j)iiet~IIIIi'jlli!",II.ill'It.'atIll'.II'l::~lI.I:"It,tI~laeI~I!II;ettteai1'.ai"I"1eI(jj~IIQQa~I(~~IIIlI",I~(~li,'IIIIi'I.~Il~I~~(qI'I',I:.Il.'"'I~II:(I'.':.'l:~II~~I~tI~..ItIt'Ilaf1ltI'I;tta~.I'tI'e.III!'I.!titl'-'I'Itit~It.I~'e'llA'~'IIII(~I~I(Il!i,;II:llI~ll:~I(III*~~'I:(t~I~t:I:titIII.IeillI!I!Ilt~IIa~e~l~I;IlI~I(~I'I~I"II~.30q(Pe~'ItRTAT100HIIi.'..',IRTATLW1'I,I.~I~~~~'I~~II~all,tI',:I.~~~'IIIJIlI10100010,000TIMEAFTERRETENSIOHIHGIHOURS)100,000350,000FIGURE3-3RETENSIOHIIIGRATIOFOR684F
1.21.00.90.8O<0.70.6KIIII-0.5<e~~'iOA0.2I~I'.10:)~~0.31,~.~I:)~~~:il.'~II.",l!:,iI<j"I,'~eis~Ii<is<iil::i,el<i~<se,elI"ll~e~]~lil'.:...:eIel.~-.~I~eIleis~~I:-IeIIiIIItl)"~~~:I;)eett~jI~~)~'lIII~Ii'I:I:.il:'III'.:tI';.:il~~ili:;II',I;~I~I~":I'::Ie:ls'".'I.'l!!:jll.slsiile"I~I'i:"l:""'I~-ii~'I":"<,ie<Is,i..wee,II.ls-I'Ii';I'<~II~i.:I'.l.l.*1)i~~I~~~I!).IiiI~esii)e~~IL~'\ie;I~~II~~!~I;)li"I:'-'~;I':II~I'els<,ls,II-ee~ji.f.q10q<"~~ITAT100II)~~~~.10100010,000TIMEAFTERRETENSIONING(HOURS)FIGURE3-KRETEHSIOHIHGRATIOFOR90oF I~I 19bkIr~r10J0l171676-90o151413o11ZI10w9f0,II'!IIj!I;;'lkIrli;:SIIlJ'5'1-76-llIIIlj'itlii}'i!t:PIIjjIIr".;.Io76-l5II!Ij~Ijlijj}lilltI~iIllj;l,lkilll.I:IIII>>lI:".IIJ,IJIIII..I,'IJ..!!I'g:Ij!}i'Ij>>I,l'>>90oF~1".LIIIIiI!jjk54kl"~talljI~~I;I,l.ItjiIIiti'.0101001000TIME(HOVRS)10,000100,000350,000FIGURE4BASERELAXATIOHFORACTUALTEHDONS ~~ 181715.9151311X010t9g8IanIj}tjr!:77!tiji:IthtI!If1441,~IIahbtii;l)l'ij'"thl'hOI10.8Ilh/fjijI'I'iFIhhQ+cXt'tittI'ItI"I'1.01tM~~101000TNE(HOURS)10,000100,6N350,000FIGURE5BASEANDRETENSIONEDRELAXATIONFORACTUALTENDONS 850e.FIGURE6ACOMPARISONOFPREDICTED.AHDMEASUREDTEHDOHFORCESINCLUDINGRETEHSIOHIHGFORTEHDOHHO.13.luffJAN.flilftftflfifffffffftfllff0PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800IGORINLOCK0FALOCKOFVAL750'XQCL700I-SURLANILFT0F(2)16%oRELAX.WITHRT650(I)E.S.R.WITHRTIIIIIIlllllllllll95%oX(2)600XttCI-'X0OX~I-z0wUXwDwIwU'XwD1.42.02.595%X(I)IIIIIIIIIIIIIII-R0I-Xggwwww.UXwtt:D~E.S.R.WITHOUTRTFFVFT0~I~I-TLIIIiwALUEI-~lY~a.woLI-'-.CI.&CwIo'tLwIsI'~PI4.59.612.013.615.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6TIMEAFTERCONTAINMENTWALLCONSTRUCT!OH(YEARS) 850FIGURE6BCOMPARISONOFPREDICTED~AHDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESIHCLUDIHGRETEHSIOHINGFORTEHDOHNO-155~f8:ftftLtNlftftfltftffltfmNfffllllfl~PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800sc750XO700OIORIGINALLOCKOFFVALUESUERTLOCKOFFYALUIHIillHmlfllmlYEILLANCELIFTOFF(I)E.S.R.WITHRTIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(2)16%RELAXWITHRT650600'X2:0CIXI-1.40tUuzIUCCDWIIWu2:IUD2.02.5W.V'XIIJWu'XUJCLDIIJI:ILRTIXXOI-KCgIJII-wwlILIFTII0OFFVALUE---O~>>IIL~IL'UMIt'CC~I-tUOCVI-'L~CC'-CC0-Olllllllllllllll95%X(I)lllltllllllltt95%X(2)I4~il.~IjilII~~~E.S.R.WITHOUTRT4.59.612.013.615.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6TIMEAFTERCONTAIHMEHTWALLCONSTRUCTION(YEARS) 850FIGURE6CCOMPARISONOFPREDICTEDAHDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESINCLUDINGRETEHSIOHIHGFORTEHDOHNO.17.itUtiittitiittltiiitmliHNtftttltliil~PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800RTLOCKOFFVALUE750uCJ'XCJQ700I6500RIGlLOCKOSURVEILLANCELIFTOFFW.V(1)E.S.R.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(2)16%RELAXWITHRT~~~~~~~~~~I~~~~~I95%X(1)E.S.R.WITHOUTRTI~I~I~~~I~II~~II~95%X(2)600'X0'I-0Wu2:UJtt:DIUIItUu2'.lUWIXLL"zI-ce2II/IW)I~4tgIUJRTLIFTOFFVALUEI-'L'i"tUIO-I-tt.CtUInL]I-JJ:eiWiIo'-'~I>-.Ill~C4,I-'t:'I.1.42.02.54.5TIMEAFTERCONTA9.612.013.615.617.612.6INMENTWALLCONSTRUCTION(YEARS)22.627.632.637.642.6 ~~'b 850FIGURE6DCOMPARISONOFPREDICTED~ANDMEASUREDTEHDOHFORCESINCLUDINGRETEHSIONIHGFORTENDOHHO.21ttMt~ttftHlNtlfltN!tttNtftttttlttt4IPREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800IGORINOCK0FVAURTLO0ALUE750WLIKO700CIIURILIFTOFL(I)E.S.R.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(2)16ooRELAX.WITHRT650600xVlwRI-~~'X.O'.OX-~I-1,40wV2:wDwIwUXwD2.02.5IIWw~Uzw4.5TIMEAFTERCOHTAIHM-wVXwOC~lggwlCIR0I-XWwlL~LIFTOFFVLUE'I-;-cj.Cw~LsIL:i+1o'V-IIIIIIIIIII'I95ioX(1)95%X(2)IIII0II1III'IIIIS.RE.WITHOUTRTI-'C~ID9.612.013.615.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6EHTWALLCONSTRUCTIOH(YEARS) ~I 850FIGURE6ECOMPARISOHOFPREDICTEDANDMEASUREDTENDOHFORCESIHCLUDIHGRETENSIONINGFORTENDOHHO.518Wf&Cf~lf.Nflflftfllffffffftlftllffl4PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800RTLOCKOFFVALUER750IIIOCIIL'XQ700ClI-650RTLOCKOFFVALUESURVEILLANCELIFTOFF-IUU(I)E.S.R.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(2)16%RELAX.WITHRT95%X(I)E.S.R.WITHOUTRT600001I-I-0UJUrW'DCCIUIIUUrIUtYDIlggWW'rIU10:'nrWfWUrlnQI-rWI-IWW.01.I-I~r.WlRTLIFTOFFVALUEI-WsQtWIo'-'VI-'Y'~95%X(2)1.42.02.54.5TIIl0hI-TFRI.A9.612.013.615.617.622.612.6NThINI4FNTWAI.I.CONSTRIICTIOH(YEARS)276326376426 ~~, 850FIGURE6FCOMPARISOHOFPREDITED.AHDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESIHCLUDIHGRETEHSIOHIHGFORTENDOHHO.53ltWf~tttNttttttiNtttmtttttttttttttt~PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800TLORCKOFFVALUE750ttILIrCIQ700I-0RIGACLO0FFYALEURYEILLANCELIFTOFF(2)16%RELAX.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII650600I/1I-'XOO]I-XOtttUzttttUUXtttI0-ttt"OzttlDX1I-gw4tttU-0.xI-aAIanw(ttLRTz-IOI-tLXltttttILIFII-MITOFIIII-FVALUEO~gI~ttttIottU~E.S.R.WITHOUTRT95%X(\)I-'C~CI~2.02.54.5,9.612.013.615.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6TIIACAFTFRCAHTAIHtlFNTWhlI.(.ANSTRIICTIAN(YEARS) 850~~FIGURE6GCOMPARISOHOFPREDICTED-ANDMEASUREDTENDOHFORCESINCLUDINGRETENSIOHING.FORTEHDOHHO.62tfMl&ClitH3lltttfllN'llNffffffffllllll0PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFFcooRTLOCKOFFVALUEILL750IlIUCCOILXOClK700ILII-650ORIGINALLOCKOFFVALUESURVEILLANCELIFTOFF.-WO'x'I)E.S.R.WITHRT~rer~~~~~~~~~~~~~(2)16%RELAX,WITHRT95%X(I)}95%X(2)E.S.R.WITHOUTRT600KI.OOXWI-I-:X*0WOXlUlLIUIlUOXlUIIpreIWUJOrlUD.II-.gWf"'WOI-)X}-CJ}I/IlUIrtL'r.IwIIIRT~IoI-'lXClUI-WlUIIIII-CCI-CLWCILIFTOFFVALUEIIUlIrrLC~tIWIc'erI-jc4I-'I'.42.02.5~~4.59.612eo13.615.617.612.6TIMEAFTERCOHTAIHMEHTWALLCOHSTRUCTIOH(YEARS)226276326376426 850FIGURE6HCOMPARISOHOFPREDICTED.At<DMEASUREDTEHDOHFORCESIt(CLUDlt(GRETEtkSIOHIHGFORTEt(DOHHO.63ttltIILttlIltIltlll14tlllltll1lllllllllltlltlll0PREVIOUSSURVEILLAHCELIFTOFF800RTLOCKOFFVALUE750IttuOXCIClx700I650ORIGIHALLOCKOFFVALUESURVEILLANCELIFTOFF(2)16%RELAXWITHRTIIIIltlltlltlltll(1)E.S.R.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII600W00Ir',4xI0I4WUrWDWIIWUrWD2.02.5W'XIUD~IIWPl14.5TIMEAFTERCOHTA-WUXDlYWU~IlX0I-XWI-wW9.612.013.612.6IHMEHTWALLCOHSTRUCTIOH95%X(2)Illllllllllllll95%X(I)lljllllllllllltE.S.R.WITHOUTRTI-i.w[II-Ig'-Io'C4.I-lCWI-tLWPl1W~C4ICI~15.617.622.627.632.637.642.6(YEARS) 850FIGURE6T.COMPARISOHOFPREDICTED.ANDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESINCLUDINGRETENSIOHINGFORTENDOHHO.74ttMf~tttftflltNINtllfttfftfffttfllftfPREVIOU5EILFFSURVIFT0LANCE800~>50uOKOO700I-...ORIGINALLOCKOFFVALUERTLOCKOFFVALUEmllllmllllllllmlllllllll!IlillfIllJ'URVEILLANCELIFTOFF650(2)16/oRELAX.WITHRT60000fXI-X0WuXW'DWIW'uXWlLDWXI-gI<<~WlUrXI-lL'I:lL'~I-oI-CLXX0I-tLXlLlUI-WlUgg!lLlUMII-~'Ue)~C7I-~tL:lL-UJ.IIl~~WI>-:IoC4~fI-IIzI>-95ooX(2)(I)E.S.RWITHRT1.42.02.54.59.612.0l13.6I5.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6TIMEAFTERCOHTAINMEHTWALLCONSTRUCTIOH(YEARS) 850FIGURE6JCOMPARISOHOFPREDICTED.AHDMEASUREDTEHDOHFORCESIHCLUDIHGRETENSIOHIHGFORTENDONNO.7611&fNtHII.HtflftifmtflftfffifflllllflPREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800R750IJJu'xQQ700I650ORIGINALLOCKOFFVALUERTLOCKOFFVALUESURVEILLANCELIFTOFF(2)16%RELAXWITHRT(I)E.S.R.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII600XUJI-XOGj'X1.4:rI-OWO'XUJCCDlYUJII2.02.5WOXWDTll~~.rggIWClWXUJD~Vl-.-UJXWI-'wOlxI-aIW~I-~RTLIFTOFFVALUEXCII-CL'ggUJ0wWJIUJI-Q:W0-OIIY:CUJMIL~IIk'UJI>-'-IIo'VI-~UJl>.95%X(2)llIllllllllllll95%X(1)E.S.R.WITHOUTRTI-'~IX'J~9.612.0'3.615.617.612.64.5'2.627.632.637.642.6rnaITJlilrltaITIrrJIIrnarCTrrllrTlnirJvtlnCI 850FIGURE6KCOMPARISOHOFPREDICTED.AHDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESINCLUDINGRETENSIONIHGFORTENDONNO.84.t~~tU.ttilltNitNllimtittltililiPREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800750WOXO700QI-650ORIGINALLOCKOFFVALUERTLOCKOFFVALUESURVEILLANCELIFTOFF(2)16,oRELAX.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(I)ES.R.IWITHRT95.oX(2)600:Xr0OlX~I-1.4I-X0UIOXUlDUlIIUOXUICL'.02.5UlIOXIUCCD~'I(YUlI4.5TIllPhPTI-RCAIUOXUlCCDICC'QXX0ill8IUI-IUIRTLIFTOFFVALUEI')')II-(Y*K~C~IU.UlIIIL'l>U'lCII-27.622.69.612.013.615.617.612.6NThlNMENTWAI.ICONSTRUCTIOH(YEARS)I-UlIICC~',CCsnc'o~l-1O.cv32.637.642.695.oX(I)E.S.R.WITHOUTRT 0 850FIGURE6LCOMPARISONOFPREDICTED~AHDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESIHCLUDIHGRETEHSIONIHGFORTEHDOHHO.93.~~tNtftltfHNHllNNHtmllttl~PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800ORIGNLOCKOFFVALUERTLOCKOFFVALUE750UJLICCCJ'XO2:700I-650SURVEILLANCELIFTOFF(2)16%oRELAX.WITHRT~etI&AICttH(I)E.S.R.WITHRT95%X(2)600OD1XI-0UJV'XWDWIWVXUJILWXUJlY'~PIWfjIJ:LUJVX(YD(YWCI-RT)IIILIFTOFFVALUEOI~R"~IUJIoIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII95%oX(I)IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE.S.R.WITHOUTRTII-W~1.42.02.5l4.59.612.013.615.617.622.627,632.637.642.612.6TIMEAFTERCOHTAIHMENTWAILCONSTRUCTION(YEARS) 'l~ 850FIGURE6MCOMPARISONOFPREDICTED~AHDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESINCLUDINGRETEHSIONIHGFORTEHDOHHO.125ttMf~lHWlftftfflNllfttffffflfflffill~PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800C00ALUE750IQuOIL'XOO700IQ0RALOCK0FFVLUSUANELIFTOF(I)ESR.WITHRT650600XX0A0wVXwDCCwIIwUXwDw'zwwVZwf-wuc->xI-aWIjlL~Lw~mLXOI-anIZXggwww.I-w0TLIFTOFFVALUERI-i.(L:C-w'nLII>-'-IIoI-'V95%X(I)IIIIIIIIIIIIIII(2)16%RELAXWITHRT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E.S.R.WITHOUTRT95%X(2)I-CI.1.42.02.514.59.612.0~13.615.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6TIMEAFTERCOHTAINMEHTWALLCONSTRUCTION(YEARS) e 850FIGURE6NCOMPARISONOFPREDICTED.ANDMEASUREDTENDOHFORCESINCLUDINGRETEHSIONIHGFORTEHDOHHO.133t~ttNlltNlltftfNNfftffffffffffffill~PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800LL750leuCIILKO700OIllI-LOCKOFFVALRTLOCKOFFVALUElliiiliiiliiliiliilliNlNNHEi---SURVEILLANCELIFTOFF650600'I-1.4WVrlUIAx~0WVrlUD2.02.5(2)16%RELAX.WITHRT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(I)E.S.R.WITHRTffffftllffflllttf95%X(2)IIIIIIIIIIIIIII95%X(1)rwf-wVrrI-gganIII~II~II~~~1I~E.S.R.WITHOUTRTRTLIFTOFFVALUECCrrO0IrWI-lUIIII-0-tI-pIY'W~LI-W0-I-CLWIggP~f.WI>--IIo'VI'mlg~f4.59.612.013.6'I5.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6TIMEAFTERCOHTAIHMENTWALLCOHSTRUCTIOH(YEARS) 850FIGURE60COMPARISOHOFPREDICTED.ANDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESINCLUDIIIGRETENSIOHINGFORTENDOHHO.33..f~lHTHfftftffffNfftftiftfffffffl~PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800ORIGINALLOCKOFFVALRTIOCKOFFVALUE750IUuOXOQ700I-RTOFFLUEUREILLIF650600OIOClIx~I-:.r0lUOXlUCklUIWuXUlCLDIIWW'XWtWur)~lllUIl&UlL>.LOI-XggWIUl~I>~oIICL'U0-OI-i.ILlUMlLo~I.lUIo'VI-Ul0-CV(I)E.S.RWITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(2)16%RELAX.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIII95%X(1)';IIIIIIIIIIIIIII95%oX(2)I-'LCI1.42.02.54.59.612.013.612.6CTIONLCONSTRUTIMEAFTERCOHTAIHMEHTWAL15.617.622.627.632.637.642.6(YEARS) Cs 850FIGURE6pCOMPARISONOFPREDICTEDANDMEASUREDTENDONFORCESIHCLUDIHGRETENSIOHINGFORTEHDOHNO.36ttWf~l1-.MINWNlltttttHlttilflilt0PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800RTLOCKOFFVALUE750'XO700I-ALIGORINLOCFFLUSUREILFT0FF(1)E.S.R.WITHRT650RTLIFTOFFVALU(2)16%RELAXWITHRTIIII\II~IIIIIII95%%uoX(1)6000O1wr~I-XIrOUlUrwlr.DUlIIUlurUlD'IIIw'rUlI-whurwIklr.ImlrUlDI-.lr.Llrr0I-rlgUlI-UlUlK~)~UlI-IYUlOI-tlL'.LLU,IL~IUlI>-'-Io'VI-'4,1IIII1I1[IIIIII95%oX(2)1.42.02.54.59.612.013.615.617.622.627.632.637.642.612.6TIMEAFTERCOHTAIHMENTYIALLCONSTRUCTION(YEARS) 'Ci,I 850FIGURE6QCOMPARISOHOFPREDICTED.AHDMEASUREDTEHDOHFORCESIHCLUDIHGRETEHSIOHIHGFORTEHDOHHO.>>>ttMlttttilttltilmii!tH1llliiliiiililililii~PREYIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF800IL750IjIuOXOCl700ILII0GINALRlCK000FF0FFYAYALUERTLIF0FFALE(I)E.S.R.WITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(2)161oRELAX.WITHRT650600:XQ!Xl1.4XI-:rIQIWVXWDWI2.02.5WVXWDOFFLIFT:[lLLANCE3--I-~W~WVr>,xI-aWElSURQXlIggI+IIQI-XUjI-WW11.6~I-"'iI13.615.612.6CTIOH(YE4.5612.0ARS)TIMEAFTERCOHTAltIMEHTSALLCOl(STRUIiIL'J.22.627.6ICE'>-'o'I-Io-CVI--1.6'32.631IJIIIIJIIIIII95~toX(I)IIIIIIIIIIIIII95~oX(2)lCPl2.6 850FIGURE6RCOMPARISONOFPREDICTEDANDMEASUREDTEHDONFORCESINCLUDIHGRETEHSIOHINGFORTENDOHHO.116ttftlttNtttNtttmiewtttte0PREVIOUSSURVEILLANCELIFTOFF8000750tQVCLOttX0700IJJI-RTLOCKOFFVALUEORIGINALLOCKOFFVALUE'URVEILANCELIFT0FF650600RTLIFTOFFVALUEXanlUlKoI-I.Z'.0OX~I-'lUVZanIUCUVXUl-IUO:lUDCt:IUI'XXlUa.gIIggIlU0-Ct:CL'U"I0OI->>Ct:-IUI,I-CCCL.lUIo'-f%eI-Cat(1)E.S.R.WITHRTltlllllllllllllll(2)16%RELAXWITHRTIIIIIIIIIIIIIII95%X.(l)~~~~~~~95%X(2)1.42.02.54.59.612.013.6I5.6I7.612.6TIMEAFTERCOHTAINMENTWAlLCOHSTRUCTION(YEARS)22.627.632.637,642.6 APPENDIXASTRESSRELAXATIONTESTREPORTQtbere/Commonwealth kII1lli~ RELAXATIONTESTSON1/4"PRESTRESSINGMI,REBYROGERG~SLUTTERREPQRTNo.200,79.100.5 '200.79.100.5LEHIGHUNIVERSITYBethlehem,Pennsylvania18015Telephone2156613515FritzEngineeringLaboratoryBuilding13January21,1982y~Mr.KenMurrayGilbertAssociates,Tnc.P.0.Box1498Reading,PA19603
DearMr.Murray:
Enclosedisareportontherelaxationteststhatwehave'beendoingon1/4"wire.Weputthisreporttogetherbecausethetestingissubstantiallycompleted.Wearestillcontinuingallofthewireunderloadandthe104Ftemperatureisbeingmain-tainedinonecabinet.report.PleaseletusknowifyouneedadditionalcopiesoftheSincerelyyours,,?,RogerG.SlutterRGS/dfEnclosureResearchhlCivilEngineeringandRelatedFields 1~ 200.,79.100.5RELAXATIONTESTSON1/4"PRESTRESSINGWIREITRODUCTIONInMarchof1980relaxationtestswerestartedinFritzEngineeringLaboratoryon1/4"diameterprestressingwirereceivedfromtheRobertE.GinnaNuclearPowerStationofRochesterElectricandGas,Company.Thewiresampleswereobtainedfromthetendonsur-veillancewiresintheplantandwereASTM'A421typeBAwire(240ksiUTS).TherelaxationtestswereconductedunderconditionsandproceduresmeetingASTMA328-78specificationsincontrolledenvir-onmentcabinetsoriginallyconstructedforconductingsimilartestson1/2"diameter7-wireprestressingstrands.Fourteenwireswereincludedinthetestingprogram.Testswereconductedattemperaturesof68and104Fwithinitialtensionof0.70UTSand0.75UTS.Sometestswereconductedfor10,000hourswhileotherswereunderloadforalongerperiodoftime.Modificationstoaconventionalrelax-ationtestprocedureweremadetosimulateloadinghistoryofactualtendonsintheGinnaNuclearPowerPlant.GuidancefortheprogramwasprovidedbyMr.JimFultonandMr.KenMurrayofGilbertAssociates. l00 200.79.100.5'ESTSPECIMENS~~/Specimenidentification'numberswereassignedtowirespecimenspriortotheirarrivalatFritzEngineeringLaboratory.Allofthe"wiressuppliedwereusedintestingexceptepecimenNo.2,whichwasbadlybentinseveralplacesalongthelength.Severalotherwiieswerebentatonepointalongthelength.Thesekinksprobablywere:theresultofdifficultyinremovingthewirefromthetendons.Inordertodeterminetheeffectofthesekinkson.relaxation,twotestswererunforapproximately100hoursinatestingmachineatroomtemperature;AshortpieceofspecimenNo.6wasstraightwhileasimilarlengthofspecimenNo.12wastestedwithakinkinthecenterofthegagelengthof20inches.Thesetestsdemonstratedthatakinksomewhereinthe10footgagelengthintherelaxationtestswouldhaveonlyanegligibleeffectontheresults.Incuttingthespecimensdowntofitinourcabinets,itwaspossibletoeliminatekinksinseveralspecimens.'InthefinaltestsonlySpecimenNos.8and15ABhadplasticallydeformedwirewithinthe10footgagelength.ThedeformationinSpecimenNo.8wasalargeradiusbendofapproximately10feetand15ABhadakinkinthegagelength.SpecimenNos.1,3and5had'awmarksonthewirebutitwaspossibletokeeptheseoutsidethegagelengthbyproperly0"selectingthespecimenlengthfortesting.Inthe68Fcabinetthe-lengthofwireundertestwas21feetandintheelevatedtemperaturecabinetthelengthwas16feet.Theoriginallengthasshippedwas ~~~~a 200.79.100.5approximately22feet.Table1providesalistoftestspecimens.SpecimenNo.2isnotincludedsinceitwasnevertested.TESTINGPROCEDUREThecabinetsforrelaxationtestswereconstructedofplywoodwithinsulationontheinsidesurfaceandwindowsfor.accesstoinstru-mentation.The68cabinetwasequippedwithanairconditioningsystemandthe'wocabinets.forelevatedtemperaturewereprovidedwithheatingmatsandcicrulatingfans.Eachwirewasplacedinaseparateframeconsistingoftwoangles5"x3-1/2"x3/8"withspacersand3/4"'thickbearingplatesateachend.Wireswereheldateachendusingchucksfor1/2"diameter7-wirestrandwithonejawremoved.Thesechucksweretestedinatestingmachinepriortousetobesurethattheywouldnotslipwithtimeunderload.Theframeswerestoredonsteelrackssothateachframewasfreetoexpandandcontractindependentoftheothers.Chuckswhichancoredthewireswerecenteredonthecenterofgravityof.thepairofangleswiththewirebetweentheangles.Eachspecimenhada10footgagelengthnearmidspan.Ateachendofthegagelengthsteelclampswereattachedtothewireandtoagagelengthrodsupportedonrollersrestingontopofthepairofangles.Figure1showsthedialgagemountedononeendoftherodwithplungerbearingonthebracketatoneendofthe10footgagelength.Thisphotographwastakenthroughthewindowinthecabinetlocatednearthejackingendofthewire.Thedialgageis ~~~I200.79.100.5graduatedinmilsandenablesthe10footgagelengthtobesetwithin+0.000002in/in.Thebracketswereattachedtothewirebyboltingspringloadedplatesoneachsideofthewire.Loadswerereadbya20kipBLHloadcellincorporatedinthepullingrodofa30tonhydraulicram.Thisloadingassemblyisshownin'Fig.2.Athreadedlugattachestoeachchuckandisengagedbyapullingyokeattachedtotheloadcell.Thehydraulicramisacenter:holeramandloadisappliedbyapullrodconnectedtotheloadcellandpassingthroughtheram.TheBLHloadcellwascarefullycali-bratedononeofourtestingmachinestoreadtheloaddirectly,inpounds.Duringinitialtensioningofeachspecimentheinitial,loadfortherelaxationtestwasappliedinfiveequalincrementsoveraperiodoffiveminutes.Whentheexactloadwasreachedattheendoffiveminutes,thedialgageonthe10footgagelengthwasread.Thereafter,allloadswerereadatthesamedialreading.Thusanyslipofthegripswouldnotaffectthetestresults'lthoughnoslipofgripswasobserved.Inordertoholdthecorrectloadineachwirewhenthejackingassemblywasremoved,shimswerecarefullyfittedrbetweenthechuckandbearingplatebytrialanderroruntilthedialgagereadessentiallythesameasthespecifiedreadingformeasuringtheload.'Thecorrectshimscouldbe.foundsothatthedialreadingwaswithin+0.002inchoftheloadreadingvalue.Duringthefirst24hourstheloadwasheldbythehydraulicramwiththeloadcellunderload.Afterthe24hourreadingtheshims 200.79.100.5werefittedandthejackingassemblywasremovedforuseonotherspecimens.Sincetheloadcellwasnotunderloaditwaspossibletoche'ckzerosettingsandcheckthecalibrationoftheloadcellatanytime.Thezeroloadsettingwascheckedeachdaythatreadingsweretaken.1Theprocedurefortakingreadingsafterthefirst24hourswastoinstallthejackingassemblyinpositionbymeansofahandoperated'orklift.Loadwasapplieduntilshimscouldberemoved.Thegagelengthwasadjustedtothecorrectvalueandtheloadcellwasread.Tensionwasthenincreaseduntilshimscouldbereplacedandthejackingloadwasreleased.Itwasnecessarytooverloadapproximately225lbs.orapproximately2%ofUTSforeachreading.Thisoverloadwasappliedforapproximatelyoneminuteforeachreading.Theeffectofthisover-loadingforreadingsisconsideredtobenegligibleinviewofthesmallmagnitudeandshortduration.Theadvantageoft'hisprocedureisthatitminimizesthetime'thattheloadcellisloadedandthuseliminatesproblemsrelatedtostabilityoftheloadcell.Temperaturewasmaintainedwithin+1Finthecabinetat104Fandwithin+2Finthe68Fcabinet.Theheatingcontrol000wasmoreprecise.thantheairconditioningcontroldependingontheambienttemperature.Itwasnotnecessaryforthetemperaturetobesoexactbutexperiencehasshownthatthewireandanglesdonotchangelengthatthesamerateduringatemperaturechange.Therefore,the'emperatureswereheldveryexacttoeliminatethepossibilitythatreadingsmightbetakenwhilethetemperaturewaschanging.Itwas vI0 200.79.100.5foundthatarapidchangeoftemperaturecouldproduceanerrorof12lbs.perFintheload.04.Alldatawaskeptinadatebookwiththefollowingbeingrecordedeachtimereadings.weretaken.DateWatchTimeTimefromStartof-TestDialGageReading(alwaysconstant)LoadTemperature%LoadofLoadSincerelaxationdataisplottedon.alogscalefortime,thereadingsweretakenattimeintervalsthatwouldbeproperlyspacedonalogscale.Table2givesatentativeminimumschedulefortakingreadings.Constraintsofworkinghours,weekends,andholidaysresultedinthereadingsbeingtak'enatslightlydifferenttimesforeachspecimen.However,forthefirst'weekofeachtesttheschedulewascarefullyfollowed.TESTRESULTSAsdatawasaccumulatedthepatternofthecurvesbecameobviousandadditionaltestplanswereevolvedthroughdiscussionsbetweenFritzEngineeringLabandGilbertpersonnel.Sincetheseadditionaltestscomplicatetheinterpretationofthetestcurves,anoutlineoftheentireprogramascompletedisgiveninTable3.Onlyspecimens1,6andllwereallowedtoremainasinitiallytensioned. 0 200.79.100.5Forallotherspecimensth'erewasanad)ustmentoftensionortempera-turetosimulatetheloadhistoryofthetendons.SpecimenNos.5and15ABwereuniqueinthattheywereinstalledintheunusedsideofthe104Fcabinetwithnoheatersandthewindowopen.Duetoheatingin,theopposite'sideofthecabinetit'wasnecessarytobeginthesetestsat80Finsteadof68F.Tem-peraturewasincreasedto104,Fafter1000hourstosimulatethe0effectofavesselbeingput,intooperation.After8640additionalhoursthewireswerereturnedto80Forbelowsothattheeffectof0thistemperaturechangecouldbeobserved.SpecimenNo.13exhibitedverylowlossescomparedtoallotherspecimens.Thisspecimenwasreleasedafter13,270hoursand\allowedtoset0tnoloadforaweek.Itwasthenretensionedtotheoriginalloadtoobservetheresults.Allotherspecimenswerere-tensionedwithoutunloading.ThedatafromalltestsareplottedinFigs.3through11intheformofpercentlossofloadasordinateandtimeinhoursasabscissa.Alogscalewasusedforbothpercentlossandtimebecauseoftheadvantage.offeredincheckingeachnewdatapointasitwasobtained.Thespecimensaregroupedforconvenienceincomparingdifferentwiresundercomparableconditionsofloadingortemperature.Figures7,8and10showcomparison'oftheretensionedcurveandtheoriginalrelaxationcurveforSpecimenNos.7,9and13.Retensioncurvesforotherspecimensareshownonthesamegraphwith ~~200.79.100.5thefamilyoforiginalcurves.Thecurvesshowingtheeffectoftem-peraturechangearegivenforSpecimenNos;5and15ABinFig.11.Theeffectofreturningthewirestoatemperatureof80Fcannotbe0plottedinFig.11becauseofthetimescale.Inaperiodof800hoursfollowingthetemperaturereductiontherewasnochangeinloadinthewires.SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONSThewireundertestwasexpectedtoexhibitalossof15%at40years.Thisisbasedonroomtemperatures.Projectionsto40yearsfromourresultsforwiresatroomtemperatureindicatethatSpecimenNo.4wouldreach13%,Specimen'No.7wouldreach15%,SpecimenNo.12wouldreach5%andSpecimenNo.15AB10wouldreach7.5%.However,thetestsconductedat104Fareprobablymoreindicativeoflossto0beexpectedinactualtendons.The40yearpredictionfor104F0specimensisthatSpecimenNo.3.wouldreach15%,SpecimenNo.5wouldreach16%,SpecimenNo.8wouldreach20%,andSpecimenNo.13wouldreach9.5%.SpecimenNo.13doesnotseemtobetypicalandtheaveragepro)ected40yearlosswouldappeartoexceed18%at40years.Theeffectofretensioningofthewiresatanytimefrom1000hoursto11,600hourswasconsiderableandwouldappeartoreduce'Ithelosstoapproximatelya12%levelorlowerdependingonthetimeatwhichretensioningwasperformed.Retensioningat100hoursonSpecimenNo.9was.notconclusiveinthatthelossoftheretensionedprojectstoapproximately14.5%in40years. 200.79.100.5Otherconclusionsfromanalysisofthisdataare:1.Tensioningto0.75UTSinitiallyshouldnotbedonebecauselossesareveryhighandtheactualwiretensionbecomeslowerthanforwirestensionedtoonly0.70UTSafteraperiodoftime..'2.Temperatureincreasesthatoccuratsometimeafterwiresaretensionedhaveasignificanteffectandessentiallyshifttheamountoflosstothecur'veforthehighertemperature.3.The.variationintherleaxationrateamongwiresissignificant,butanincreaseintemperaturesignificantlyincreasestherelaxationrateinallwires.4.Atemporaryoverstressof6%forshortdurationswhichoccurintendonsurveillancechecksdoesnotsignificantlyaffectrelaxationloss.fi5.Adropintemperatureappearstoproduceadelayintherelaxationrate.Moredatawouldbenecessarytosubstantiatethisconclusion.Thetestingprogramiscontinuinginthatnoneofthewireshavebeenunloaded.The104F.temperatureisbeingmaintainedcon-0stant,buttheotherwiresare.beingheldunderloadatwhatevertheroomtemperatureis.-9-' ~~q 200.79.100.5~TABLE1TESTSPECIMENSSpecimen.No.34'910121315AB15AB10TendonNo.515151517676767676150150150150150PositionfromTopofTendon(ft.)0-2346-6969-91.3391.33-114.330-2323-4646-6969-91.6791.67-114.670-2323-46,46-6991.67-114.6769-91.67Initia'1TestTemperature('F)104104688010468'104104104104681048068TABLE2READINGINTERVALSFORRELAXATIONREADINGS~Readia34567810Timefrom.StartofTest2min.6min.30min.1hr.2hrs.4hrs.7hrs.20hrs.40hrs.'0hrs.~Readia1213141517181920TimefromStartofTest4days8days16days29days6weeks12weeks24weeks12months21months28months
SpecimenInitialTestInitialNo.TemperatureTension(F)(lbs.)TABLE3DESCRIPTIONOFTESTSDescriptionofTestsCDCDCDCDLn10121315AB15AB10~1041046880104681041041041046810480688,840*8,2508,2408,2408,8408,2408,2508,2408,2408,8408,2408,2408,2408,240Continuedrelaxationtestbeyond10,000hrs.withnoadjustmentsinloadRetensionedtooriginalloadafter6000hrs.Retensionedtooriginalloadafter1000hrs.Temperaturewasraisedto104Fafter1000hrs.000Temperaturewasreducedto80Fafter8640hrs.at104FContinuedrelaxationtestbeyond10,000hrs.withnoadjustmentsinloadRetensionedtooriginalloadafter11,600hrs.Retensionedtooriginalloadafter10,190hrs.Retensionedtooriginalloadafter100hrs.Retensionedtooriginalloadafter1000hrs.Continuedrelaxationtestbeyond10,000hrs.withnoadjustmentsinloadRetensionedtooriginalloadafter5500hrs.Retensionedtooriginalloadafter13.,270hrs.Unloadedandretensionedafteroneweektooriginalload0Temperaturewasraisedto104Fafter1000hrs.Temperaturewasreducedto80F,after8640hrs.at104F-Theeffectof6%overstresswasstudiedafter10,000hrs.*8840lbs.correspondsto0.75UTSand8240or8250correspondsto0.70UTS. ~~ 200.79.100.51'ZpC~~IIV~~4WPkVgVFig.1DialGageandGageLengthRod444vvr,If'l'EEIT!i3P~ppFig.2LoadingSystemforTensioningandCheckingLoad IOO8104Fstartedat0.70UTS--~--8l8104Fstartedat0.75UTS50--~--8108104Fstartedat0.70UTS0(1'oadincreasedtoinitialIloadat1000hrs.)00)MO,I.O00O.IO.l=-I.OIO.IOOTIMEINHOURSFig.3IOOOIO,OOO IOO50848-68Fstartedat0.70UTS(loadincreasedtoinitialloadat1000hrs.8109104F.startedat0.70UTS(loadincreasedtoinitialloadat1000hrs.)<<D<<DCDCDLnIOMMO,I.O00.g~eO.l0:II.OIOIOOTIMEINHOURSFig.4'OOO'.I0,000
IOO50888104Fstartedat0.70UTS869104Fstartedat0.75UTS86968FLntestingmachine28"lengthwith20"gage.lengthtodetermineifwirefromthistendonexhihitshighlossofloadatotherconditions.0V)MO,I.O00O.lO.lI.OIOIOOTIMEINHOURSCFigt5IOOOIO,OOO
IOO5087~868Fstartedat0.70UTS812868'startedat0.70UTS815AB10868Fstartedat0.70UTS(follows812forfirst24hrs.)84868Fstartedat0.70UTS(loadincreasedtoinitialloadat1000hrs'.)CCI-CCVO00ZV)O,I.O00nslOAO.lO.lI.OIOIOOTIMEINHOURS.Fig.6;IOOOl0,000 IOO~II7g68Fstartedat0.70UTS-0--87Retensionedat11,686hrs.to0~70UTSCCI-CCVV)O,I,O00O.IO.l.1.0IOlQQTIMEINHOURSFig.7IGLOO.:IO,OQO IOO50~-lI'98104Fstartedat0.70UTS~(loadincreasedtoinitialloadat100'rs.)0M(0O.I.O0O.IO.lI.OIO.IOOTIMEINHOURSFig.8IOOOl0,000
IOO--8138104Fstarted80.70UTSI/118104Fstarted80.75UTS812868Fubtestingmachine10-3/8"bentwith3/16"camberatcenter,straightenedandtestedwith7"gagelengthtoevaluateeffectof"kinks"inwire.Clc(0V)V)OI.O00O.IO.l~I.OIOIOO.TIMEINHOURSFig.9:IOOOl0,000 I[00~0138104Fseeeeed80.70UTS50--o--813Rethnsionedafteraweekatnearlyzeroload104Fand0.70UTSsCl0MMO,I.O00O.IO.lI.OIoIOOTlMEINHOURSFig.10IOOO~l0,000
l00-o-'/5878Fstartedat.0.70UTSincreasedto104lat1000hrs.50-~-//15AB878Fstartedat0.70UTSincreasedto104Fat1000,hrs.Temperaturetobeincreasedto104Fat1000hrs.0'0OHeV)V)Ol.000O.lO.ll.Olol00TlMElNHOURSl000l0,00' 200.81.100.5LEHIGHUNIVERSITYBethlehem,Pennsylvania18015FritzEngineeringLaboratoryeulldlng13March23,1983Mr.S.S.ShiehGilbertAssociatesBuildingG2A3143P.0.Box1498Reading,PA19603
DearMr.Shieh:
EnclosedisacopyofthedatatakensinceAugust17,1981ontherelaxationtestsof1/4inchdiameterwire.Sincerelyyours,e~g~xg&>(RogerG.SlutterRGS/dfEnclosuresResearchlnCivilEngineeringandRelatedFtetds
200.81.100.5LEHIGH0NIVERSITYBethlehem,Pennsylvania18015FritzEngineeringLaboratoryBulldlng13March23,1983Mr.S.S.ShiehGilbertAssociatesBuildingG2A3143P.0.Box1498Reading,PA19603
DearMr.Shieh:
EnclosedisacopyofthedatatakensinceAugust17,1981ontherelaxationtestsof1/4inchdiameterwire.Sincerelyyours,gjrr.~gj~gd(RogerG.SlutterRGS/dfEnclosuresResearchInCivilEngineeringandRelatedPlaids I'O~~S//.6PS~O.Sco.'.s>.7&0M2.s'ba.4g/.07bOIDlACO~3g./////./9Igigi/lo,'lg+o/q7o.az/0',001'"7i///~Ig-0i/0'o',L~Qg~;~.oi/.75yo:z5o.~o*3r.lZ,'$$'.-x~37/~VS~0.52$f345.lo+'hv.:+:s~-!4.529$2.90'io44,2~~iq15.+MrII'aIoi(.0.aaQ.,Ifgio<'sa9Ro+z.io+'oaWSssioW'IO.O~1ICI)ob~gi~~87tZudZ..oc)/m~~l~li7$+Q0((Ilo.c,-le-s-'I-c9-f'o>o-/S-eoioO'9'o.'o.soo'/Mg~/o!/34-.weoiv':ss'<.Soo'lsdIo't'V0went.'0.IIo.S'o~~147o-'o/.A.-.~9-.4..3=-.'t.-.~l(-)0-Ple.o.bI---..it.-I.'l'b'/.'/.1=30-)."i.~x-I3'srIbiz.3.')0>..4.4Ji~~9:5SI1.S5~ro~WilX.Z5~>s/.ROLp9iLl5o5*o.bO~-'I-I~35'Zthi/'~5~j~gy~~Di1.'Io.55Sg>9otoo'gpg~*~v,~)%~Orb*.'/%rg-'F4'+i-bsr):kk-!'4y:$/'o;b'A~~l.k~gggg/@@A)$"~)Ag,,p(5pI'nPPg+~i~.~t.o~<-ir)tii.PtYp,",/'j'ji~o@gal>>'44s/i.~~4'gg/o~c.'j:>P'":.~EP/bP~tP.Qi.<o."~yyŽ'.-. hhi-,,'>o47rgrrL(0+rg(/pg6Oo59-'I,.~S4"o0CS0~+..h~L>>
22Cj~/-c-&/4DA~sCI4WSQ.lM~0oZ,G',ZGg-.$5P~no0~2.'4dciz57OgoIsa,S5m,...Z3'00,Ie-'IRooCC'..34--)0-"goD./zS(57Q~Cnk7,zg 0gl .C4,Wag.~'~la~rf~~+p~~)P~O>DTEACH~(ck~)2-@-ko(c';C,),(g~g(Q.6oo0,lo/o~MOi~$7)t3-I3(4\i7~-'~nu&lQ4,'-3Sa.&8'od.godO.~bQooc>,&~I70QQ)o+/og/03clI/f8:/a-,+~-z.-E/tf-~v-.Ii-'-a+/f-.w7/ZLQgro'MI4.6>DI0,foDQO(I0Qi9fo!T7oo~'-e/i-z1-S+or3D'.4>ooxO!05!~oi7+~oO.I(l3o-20z-p(~.G.-&or.:7~~5'X4IiIpSL'(CIlIrgg~~C&+4~PgQQ@p~~@Q'r~~~~/~~+~iQAg~~.PH 5~A<<VCT'/wED>cLhi~tg.~JSWIl1Q>n;5+ng,7/rglaz.si.s77m5/gsop4>lO+Q9u<<5k+3Oq'!fg1 p(,P~J,4,+gfPg8t4'~!geeI+l%v~.'W4y1eIII~Is'HI~-ZI-3>S~.a..D(<cGoH5'zQ.7tlol~(oc'lJl4t+<Sawp4r'4ttp1C4CCp,4ptcgW'~1'Ll0'1Ct'C,
A~tie-'n/gIoykg,'tZqk~pVt/r/,f.~i./Te.~I~,oC4/erzo!20Q,.~rcz~o~7(k5CZhI//'e'.J-f/.',-r('i/r/gke'0o,~lg,P/7~hviZ/rI~'/c-p,/C"/,krrjI.c-(rg)0DrZ7g0c,f7l,vcIz/,.x~-4uk~AM+D7J-"'Ijekfo'o0(iŽq2,=Z,2..31l)gg4 'k vgPiir.uRRRRMWRS~~~~~l~~II~~~~~~~~~'lg~ 'p1 F-i'd+)Iz.f(br'71ienaYll22h~s13/4>hisZasta.zs32/0.2gLr.QCJg'30=.-oO'8'a!l4cp/>.430/oI~gaoI(0g-0o~lloIlo+'o4/0+o007 f'8) ~~+&V'PPj+,4@ifg%+~~S1'A~@%ÃÃ~r~~~L~gV88/'-I~-04atcgTim5='srimS.z+~ra~-t,'z26aC>>z2ga.>+/+rp(g',2+,,0Z~IC-/'~=G.aP,'~.7o~Za-3c.M4ve"geo/e~oaoIpto~24>.-/8'ldl~O~~o.'lZ4h~v'2'4S'.'rgb'/QoJoso.p(7'4'p>(.50Z~-4>0oDrz4t"ZG,7/0Q32JI-/7-&/I-=i-is/I->g-Po~12.-IZ.-FoI-io-,/~'-<7,Gal'uoS~/eZ>'sS.C7s&ZGdD~zcl~'5.c~soT~to3'.J(/5'd>~l+'45/7~3/dZ7ropS-.4Wo-o7p/~/c;,';IkiggS>pg'0(0Ez5>~.Il-I-~(55a:l,.xs2o"g0r<A(0/gg7&Q<go~C~>>)"'P7
g~JIm~g"0(a4k/j/IJgj/0Q~rjVI~f/~!~rlr~L(o0kK'10~~',~GS,$~o-pQ+o.D3Xg3-G~~ZO"'7/'~;gP~/0~o.~z~o~$0y~I0/o~O0/0/0.ppp23aagIQaOI0'~ooZS4.PeZaj1~ta'Z.i~I:Ii.c<(.3t$vcia14'5oo/Pr/0/0I'L//.6-)~-glPPi(040'g9Vgf<<rtjr'g%.'fp4Pli'17*lar IIO.~, i9~Io.!~i7g2'(agor~QgcF7So0-g,C?--'i.9/Zo-".>o73'90~~~<lpga'.OO!-7-/-7)/.2-.Iiaido$i.7SO'3O0/33.S~so;9z3(V'Z+SI.91o-l.7.s!--3o-2.i70 45/00'<q/Qilglg,6.IglJl/,7aI,.P07otoo2t/z.izI 703774/0g00log'o~ r0/ bL~ I'0Cr }}