ML072220355
| ML072220355 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Wolf Creek  |
| Issue date: | 08/23/2007 |
| From: | Donohew J N NRC/NRR/ADRO/DORL/LPLIV |
| To: | Muench R A Wolf Creek |
| Donohew J N, NRR/DORL/LP4, 415-1307 | |
| References | |
| TAC MD5866, WO 07-0013 | |
| Download: ML072220355 (11) | |
Text
August 23, 2007Mr. Rick A. MuenchPresident and Chief Executive Officer Wolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation Post Office Box 411 Burlington, KS 66839
SUBJECT:
WOLF CREEK GENERATING STATION - APPROVAL TO USE EFFECTIVEDOSE EQUIVALENT WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR EXTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE (TAC NO. MD5866)
Dear Mr. Muench:
By letter dated June 22, 2007 (WO 07-0013), Wolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation (thelicensee) requested the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) approval for the use of the weighting factors provided in the American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
HPS N13.41-1997 (the Standard) for external radiation exposures when demonstrating compliance with total effective dose equivalent (TEDE), based on requirements in Part 20 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) for Wolf Creek Generating Station(WCGS). Authority to permit the use of other weighting factors than those in the table entitled "Organ Dose Weighting Factors" in 10 CFR 20.1003 is in footnote 2 to in table.The NRC staff has completed its review of the above request. Enclosed is the NRC staff'srelated safety evaluation that concludes that the request for the use of the weighting factors provided in the Standard for external radiation exposures when demonstrating compliance with TEDE, based on requirements in Part 20 of 10 CFR, is acceptable for WCGS.Sincerely,/ra/Jack Donohew, Senior Project ManagerPlant Licensing Branch IV Division of Operating Reactor Licensing Office of Nuclear Reactor RegulationDocket No. 50-482
Enclosure:
Safety Evaluation cc w/encl: See next page
ML072220355OFFICENRR/LPL4/PMNRR/LPL4/LADIRS/IHPB/TLOGCNRR/LPL4/BCNAMEJDonohewJBurkhardtRPedersenMLoftusTHiltz DATE8/23/078/15/078/14/078/20/078/23/07 February 2006Wolf Creek Generating Station cc:Jay Silberg, Esq.
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP 2300 N Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20037Regional Administrator, Region IVU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 611 Ryan Plaza Drive, Suite 400 Arlington, TX 76011Senior Resident InspectorU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission P.O. Box 311 Burlington, KS 66839Chief Engineer, Utilities DivisionKansas Corporation Commission 1500 SW Arrowhead Road Topeka, KS 66604-4027Office of the GovernorState of Kansas Topeka, KS 66612Attorney General120 S.W. 10 th Avenue, 2 nd FloorTopeka, KS 66612-1597County ClerkCoffey County Courthouse 110 South 6 th StreetBurlington, KS 66839Chief, Radiation and Asbestos Control Section Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Air and Radiation 1000 SW Jackson, Suite 310 Topeka, KS 66612-1366Vice President Operations/Plant ManagerWolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation P.O. Box 411 Burlington, KS 66839Supervisor LicensingWolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation P.O. Box 411 Burlington, KS 66839U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionResident Inspectors Office/Callaway Plant
8201 NRC Road Steedman, MO 65077-1032 SAFETY EVALUATION BY THE OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATIONRELATED TO THE APPROVAL TO USE EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENTWEIGHTING FACTORS FOR EXTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSUREWOLF CREEK NUCLEAR OPERATING CORPORATIONWOLF CREEK GENERATING STATIONDOCKET NO. 50-48
21.0INTRODUCTION
By the application dated June 22, 2007 (Agencywide Documents Access and ManagementSystem Accession No. ML071790404), Wolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation (the licensee) requested approval by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) for the use of the weighting factors listed in Table 1 in the American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
HPS N13.41-1997, "Criteria for Performing Multiple Dosimetry," (the Standard) for external radiation exposures when demonstrating compliance with total effective dose equivalent (TEDE), based on requirements in Part 20 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations(i.e., 10 CFR Part 20) for Wolf Creek Generating Station (WCGS). The Standard was approved December 1996.The licensee stated that accurate assessment of occupational exposure of workers fromexternal sources of radiation in highly non-uniform radiation fields requires a method for assessing the effective dose equivalent (EDE) and the use of the proposed weighting factors will improve the accuracy of its assessment of occupational exposure. Therefore, the effect of granting this request would be to allow the licensee the option to control EDE using the weighted external exposure measurements in those cases where it is a more accurate predictor of the risk from occupational radiation exposure.The licensee stated in its application that its request to use weighting factors listed in Table 1 ofthe Standard was not also a request for approval to use Section 4, "Criteria for When to use Multiple Dosimeters," or Section 5.5, "Alternatives to the Use of Multiple Dosimeters," in the Standard.
2.0REGULATORY EVALUATION
The regulatory requirements on occupational exposure of nuclear plant workers are in 10 CFRPart 20, "Standards for Protection Against Radiation." The radiation protection approach, and dose limits, contained in 10 CFR Part 20 are based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) in their 1977 Publication No. 26(ICRP 26). For stochastic effects, the ICRP's recommended dose limitation is based on the principle that the risk should be equal, whether the whole body is irradiated uniformly or there isnon-uniform irradiation (such as when radioactive materials are taken into the body and, depending on their physical and chemical properties, concentrate in certain tissues and organs). Therefore, the ICRP 26 recommendations are based on controlling the sum of the risk weighted doses to selected organs. The EDE (or E) is defined in 10 CFR 20.1003 as "the sum of the products of the doseequivalent to the organ or tissue (T) and the weighting factors (W T) applicable to each of thebody organs or tissues that are irradiated (i.e., E = W T T)."For the purposes of implementing workplace controls, and due to the differences in dosimetry,10 CFR Part 20 breaks this EDE into the following two components: (1) the dose resulting from radioactive sources internal to the body, and (2) the dose resulting from sources external to the body. Dose limits and other requirements in 10 CFR Part 20 are based on the sum of these external and internal exposures. For radioactive material taken into the body, the occupational dose limit is based on the resulting dose equivalent integrated over 50 years, or committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE), which is defined in 10 CFR 20.1003 as W T HT,50.The TEDE is defined in 10 CFR 20.1003 as the sum of the deep-dose equivalent (DDE) (forexternal exposures), and the CEDE(for internal exposures), as follows:TEDE = DDE + CEDEThe organ weighting factors (W T) are the proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resultingfrom the dose to that organ or tissue to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is irradiated uniformly. The weighting factors are applicable to the organs and tissues whether the dose results from radiation sources internal or external to the body. However, measuring the dose to the various organs and tissues with a dosimeter worn outside the body presents some practical difficulties. If the body is irradiated uniformly, the external component of TEDE can be determined with a single DDE measurement on any part of the whole body. However, if the body is not irradiated uniformly, a single-dose measurement cannot determine the dose to the various organs and tissues for an accurate determination of the external EDE (EDE ex). Toensure a conservative determination of TEDE, 10 CFR 20.1201(c) requires that the DDE component be determined from the part of the whole body receiving the highest exposure.This approach to determining TEDE can be overly conservative for extremely non-uniformirradiations (i.e., when only a small portion of the whole body is irradiated). Guidance has beenprovided to licensees in the following NRC Regulatory Issue Summaries (RISs):*RIS 2002-06, "Evaluating Occupational Dose for Individuals Exposed toNRC-Licensed Material and Medical X-rays," dated April 16, 2002 (ADAMS Accession No. ML021080436). NRC issued the RIS to inform licensees of a personnel radiation monitoring compliance issue identified during recentinspections of medical licensees and provided acceptable alternative methods for compliance with 10 CFR Part 20 for determining doses to individuals who receive exposures from medical x-ray radiation, while wearing protective apparel. *RIS 2003-04, "Use of the Effective Dose Equivalent [EDE] in Place of the DeepDose Equivalent [DDE] in Dose Assessments," dated February 13, 2003 (ADAMS Accession No. ML030370122). NRC issued the RIS to provide guidance to licensees on situations in which it is permissible to use the EDE, in place of the DDE, in showing compliance with regulatory requirements.*RIS 2004-01, "Method for Estimating Effective Dose Equivalent [EDE] FromExternal Radiation Sources Using Two Dosimeters," dated February 17, 2004 (ADAMS Accession No. ML040420042). NRC issued the RIS to provide licensees with guidance on an approved two-dosimeter monitoring method for estimating EDE from external radiation exposures and this EDE can be used instead of the DDE in complying with certain regulatory requirements.As discussed in the above RISs 2002-06, 2003-04, and 2004-01, the NRC has approvedseveral methods for determining EDE ex, and has encouraged the use of EDE ex in place of DDEfor demonstrating compliance with the TEDE requirements in 10 CFR Part 20.Authority to permit the use of other weighting factors than those in 10 CFR 20.1003 is found infootnote 2 to the table entitled "Organ Dose Weighting Factors" in 10 CFR 20.1003, which states the following: "For the purpose of weighting the external whole body dose (for adding it to the internal dose), a single weighting factor, of W T = 1.0, has been specified. The use ofother weighting factors for external exposure will be approved on a case-by-case basis until such time as specific guidance is issued." The licensee has requested the use of otherweighting factors in its application dated June 22, 2007.
3.0TECHNICAL EVALUATION
3.1NRC Staff EvaluationThe NRC staff has reviewed the technical approach for estimating EDE ex provided in theStandard. As stated by the licensee in its application, the multiple dosimetry method of the Standard divides the whole body into the following seven separate compartments: (1) head and neck, (2) thorax above the diaphragm, (3) abdomen including the pelvis, (4) upper right arm, (5) upper left arm, (6) right thigh, and (7) left thigh.Each compartment, or composite compartment (since the Standard allows combining adjacentcompartments), is monitored separately. The results of the dose measurement for each compartment are weighted with an associated "compartment factor." The resulting weighted doses are then summed to determine the EDE ex for the whole body. The compartment factorsare listed in Table 1 of the Standard. The factor for each compartment was developed by summing the stochastic weighting factors given in ICRP 26 (Part 20 organ weighting factors) for all the organs located within that compartment. For each tissue that resides in more than one compartment (e.g., red bone marrow), the weighting factor was apportioned between the compartments based on the fraction of the total mass of the tissue residing in each, using the information in ICRP 23. The multiple dosimeter method of determining EDE ex in the Standard is based on theassumptions that (1) the average dose to the tissues in each compartment can be reasonably measured (with one or more dosimeters), and (2) that the dose distribution across the compartment is sufficiently constant so that this average dose can be applied to each tissue in the compartment. The compartments defined in the Standard are small enough so that under most normal exposure situations these assumptions are met and a single determination of DDE in each compartment is sufficient. However, this may not be the case in those unusual situations where a significant dose gradient exists across one or more compartments (particularly the thorax and abdomen compartments). In these cases, the number and placement of dosimeters in each compartment become critical to ensuring that the EDE ex is notunderestimated.To ensure that the estimates of EDE ex are conservative, the licensee has committed tomeasuring the dose to each compartment (or composite compartment) by locating the dosimeter, calibrated to DDE, at the highest exposed portion of that compartment. The dosimeter location for each compartment will be subject to the same criteria currently used for demonstrating compliance with 10 CFR 20.1201(c). This criteria is in NRC Inspection Procedure 71121, "Occupational Radiation Safety," Attachment 71121.01, "Access Control to Radiologically Significant Areas," dated March 6, 2002. In this commitment, the licensee stated that its procedure RPP 03-106, "Use of Special Dosimetry," which provides guidance on the use of multiple dosimeters to monitor the part of the whole body expected to receive the highest dose, will be revised to be consistent with the criteria for dosimeter selection and placement in this NRC inspection procedure.The licensee also committed to revise WCGS procedure RPP 03-0405, "Exposure HistoryFiles," which provides guidance for tracking and reporting of individual's occupational radiation exposure, such that the EDE ex (when used) will be reported in place of the DDE. The use ofEDE in place of DDE is discussed in RIS 2004-01.The licensee has stated also that, consistent with its current practice, a single chest dosimeterwill be used to measure the dose to both the thorax and abdomen compartments. The combined compartment is to be called the chest compartment.The licensee explained that (1) dosimeters accredited by the National Voluntary LaboratoryAccreditation Program will be worn at the same whole body locations and (2), because it will continue to monitor the part of the body expected to received the highest dose, the dosimeter orientation toward the source will not be changed, after its application is approved as they are today. Therefore, the licensee concluded that there are no new challenges to the dosimeters' angular response characteristics that will result from the NRC approval of this application.The licensee's commitments discussed above were made in the form of regulatorycommitments that are addressed in the next section of this safety evaluation.3.2Regulatory CommitmentsA table of regulatory commitments, which is attached to this safety evaluation, lists theregulatory commitments made by the licensee in Attachment II to its application. As stated in these three regulatory commitments, within 90 days of NRC's approval of the licensee's requestin the application dated June 22, 2007, the licensee will do the following:1.Revise WCGS Procedure RPP 03-106, "Use of Special Dosimetry," to beconsistent with NRC Inspection Procedure 71121.01, dated March 6, 2002. This is the plant procedure that provides guidance for determining dosimeter selection and placement.2.Revise RPP 03-0405, "Exposure History Files," such that the EDE ex (when used)will be reported in place of the DDE, as discussed in NRC RIS 2004-01. This is the plant procedure that provides guidance for tracking and reporting of individual's occupational radiation exposure.3.The licensee will account for dose consistent with the guidance of the Standardas follows:The DDE for each compartment will be determined from dosimetersworn at that location. When no dosimeter is worn at a particular compartment, the DDE will be determined from the dosimeter positioned where the exposure is judged to be similar. The assigned EDE will be the sum of each DDE measurement multiplied by its appropriate compartment factor.The assigned lens dose equivalent (LDE) will be the higher of thehead or chest dosimeters. The assigned shallow dose equivalent (SDE) will be the highest of any whole body dosimeter.By revising Procedure RPP 03-106 to be consistent with that found in NRC InspectionProcedure 71121.01, the same criteria currently used for demonstrating compliance with 10 CFR 20.1201(c) in this inspection procedure will be in the plant procedure and followed by the licensee. This demonstrates compliance with 10 CFR 20.1201(c).The NRC staff finds that reasonable controls for the implementation and for subsequentevaluation of proposed changes pertaining to the above regulatory commitments are provided by the licensee's administrative processes, including its commitment management program.
Should the licensee choose to incorporate a regulatory commitment into the emergency plan, the WCGS Updated Final Safety Analysis Report, or other documents with established regulatory controls, the associated regulations would define the appropriate change-control and reporting requirements. The NRC staff has determined that the commitments do not warrant the creation of regulatory requirements, which would require prior NRC approval of subsequent changes. The NRC staff has agreed that Nuclear Energy Institute 99-04, Revision 0, "Guidelines for Managing NRC Commitment Changes," which has been endorsed by the NRC, provides reasonable guidance for the control of regulatory commitments made to the NRC staff (see RIS 2000-17, "Managing Regulatory Commitments Made by Power Reactor Licensees to the NRC Staff," dated September 21, 2000, ADAMS Accession No. ML003741774). The commitments should be controlled in accordance with industry guidance or comparable criteria employed by a specific licensee. The NRC staff may choose to verify the implementation and maintenance of these commitments in a future inspection or audit.
4.0 CONCLUSION
SThe NRC staff concludes that calculating TEDE using EDE ex in place of DDE provides a moreaccurate estimate of the risk associated with the radiation exposures experienced by radiation workers at a nuclear power plant. The NRC staff finds that limiting TEDE such that EDE ex + CEDE < 5 rem [roentgen equivalent man]is consistent with the basis for the dose limits, and footnote 2 to the table entitled "Organ DoseWeighting Factors" in 10 CFR 20.1003.Additionally, the NRC staff concludes that the multiple dosimetry method to estimate EDE exusing the weighting factors listed in Table 1 of the Standard, as proposed by the licensee, istechnically sound and is acceptable for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with the TEDE-based requirements in 10 CFR Part 20.Therefore, based on the above discussion and the information provided by the licensee in itsapplication, the NRC staff concludes that the licensee's proposed use of weighting factors provided in ANSI HPS N132.41-1997 for external radiation exposures, in its application dated June 22, 2007, meets the requirements of 10 CFR Part 20. Based on this conclusion, the NRC staff approves the use of the weighting factors provided in the ANSI HPS N13.41-1997 (the Standard) for external radiation exposures when demonstrating compliance with TEDE, based on requirements in 10 CFR Part 20, for WCGS.
Attachment:
Table - List of Regulatory CommitmentsPrincipal Contributor: Jack Donohew Date: August 23, 2007 Table - List of Regulatory Commitments COMMITMENTTYPE(Check one)
SCHEDULEDCOMPLETIONDATE (IfRequired)ONE-TIMEACTIONCONTINUINGCOMPLIANCEThe licensee will monitor the part of thewhole body within each compartment (and/or composite compartment) that receives the highest dose. WCGS Procedure, RPP 03-106, "Use of Special Dosimetry," provides guidance for determining dosimeter selection and placement. and will be revised consistent with that found in NRC Inspection Procedure 71121.01, issue date 03/06/02.XProcedureRPP 03-106will be revisedwithin 90 daysof NRCapproval.WCGS Procedure RPP 03-0405,"Exposure History Files," provides guidance for tracking and reporting of individual's occupational radiation exposure and will be revised such that the EDE ex (when used) will be reportedin place of the DDE, as discussed in RIS 2004-01.XProcedureRPP 03-0405will be revisedwithin 90 daysof NRCapproval.The licensee will account for doseconsistent with the guidance of the Standard as follows:The DDE for each compartment will bedetermined from dosimeters worn at that location. When no dosimeter is worn at a particular compartment, the DDE will be determined from the dosimeter positioned where the exposure is judged to be similar. The assigned EDE will be the sum of each DDE measurement multiplied by its appropriate compartment factor.The assigned lens dose equivalent(LDE) will be the higher of the head or chest dosimeters. The assigned shallow dose equivalent (SDE) will be the highest of any whole body dosimeter.XProcedureRPP 03-106will be revisedwithin 90 daysof NRCapproval.ATTACHMENT