ML20005B504

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Attests to D Hirsch Prof Standing in Organization & Technical Expertise Re Small Nuclear Research Reactors
ML20005B504
Person / Time
Site: 05000142
Issue date: 06/25/1981
From: Nelson R
LOS ANGELES FEDERATION OF SCIENTISTS
To:
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
Shared Package
ML20005B502 List:
References
NUDOCS 8107080310
Download: ML20005B504 (14)
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d%L LOS ADGE.fS ff0BAI00 Of SC rDI SYS .

P.O. Box 6'?@l, Los Anroles, CA 90367 354-6S93 4

.[,  ;. (Formerly Los Angeles Chapter-Fe'feratic,n af Iverican Sci:ntists)

To the Atomic Safet; and Licensing Board:

The Los Angeles Federation of Scientists, an organization of scientists and engineers fron a wide range of disciplines in the Southern California area, at its June 25,1%1 neeting authorized the following statenent:

Daniel Hirsch is a nenber in good standing of the Los Angeles Federation of Scientists and has valuably contributed his expertise to several technical projects of the group regarding nuclear natters. On severG occasions he has made presentations to the group about various technical aspects of the UCLA nuclear reactor, about which L.A.F.i. has had a continuing interest.

He has =uch knowledge of the fundamental principles involved as well as a good understanding of nuch of the detailed operation.

sie have found his technical capability with regarde certain specific apparatus, e.g. small nuclear research reactors, to be exceedingly creditable. His scientific knowledge has been apparently acquired primarily through experience rather than formal education. Such achievement is the result of nuch effort and day-to-day perseverence, a process of acquiring expertise quite familiar to nost of our nenbers.

'lithour, prejudging the outcome of the UCLA reactor hearings, we feel that the quality of the evidentiarf- aspects of those proceedings will be greatly enhanced by his expert participation.

Robert a. Helson, Ph.D.

Co-Chairperson Los Angeles Federation of Scientists 6 8107080310 810630 MPDR ADOCK 05000142 QG PDR

LCIARATIO'i CF MARK S. POLLOCK I, FARK S. POLLOCK, declare:

1. I an an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of California and in the courts of the United States and am the attorney df record for the Committee to Bridge the Cap, Intervenor in the present action before the Atonic Safety and Licensing Board ("3oad").
2. This hearing before the Board regards the application of the Regents of the University of California to the Nuclear Regulatory Commissi en for the renewal of the operating license of the research reactor sited on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles.
3. I have no training or experience in technical aspects related to nuclear reactors and have relied extensively to date on the technical expertise of Daniel Hirsch for technical assistance in the preparation of contentions, interrogatories, and responses to interrogatortes.

14 If I am not permitted to have Kr. Hirsch's expert assistance in examination and cross-examination of expert witnesses as to said technical matters, I will not be able alone to ompetently rapresent the interests af rf client in the aforerentioned proceeding and adequately address the public health and safety issues therein before the Board.

I a.ttest that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and under penalty of perjury do so declare.

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Dated at Los Angeles, CA June 30, 1981 IXrV3. Pollock ttorney for Intervenor COMMITTEE TO 3 RIDGE THE GAP m - a .- - - , < .-c

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i Daniel Hirsch CED 118 t

Enermr Alternatives and Public Policy Course Description s The course will examine public policy issues related to energy. We will discuss various criteria by which energ/y alternatives.may be judged, such asrisk/ benef at one of the central energy policy debates, that between proponents of the so-called "hard" and " soft" energy paths.

Energy has become one of the contral public policy issues of our time.

Proponents of rany competing " energy futures," while disagreeing on a great many issues, all seem to agree on one conclusions that decisions made during the next few years about the direction our energy policy takes are going to have widespread and long-lasting impacts upon nearly every aspect of our society. And virtually all participants in the enerEy debate agree that the transition from our present energy sources to some future sources must be made quickly, because energy itself is required to make the transition. If we, as a society, uait too longe we ray not i. ave the energy, at least not in the forms needed, to make the transition to whatever new sources are chosen.

The public policy isstes regarding energy are multitudinous and intricate.

Cne of the most intriguing is how will the decisions themselves be made.

The issues--essentially choices of competing technologies-are by definition significantly technical, comprehensible in any detail tr/ rather small sectors of the population. And yot the consequences of those decisions are among the most far-reaching of any public policy issue facing our society. How these questions will be resolved-or more importantly, who will resolve them-raises important questions about the degree to which technology itself can variously erode democratic decision-making processes or enhance them.

As a nation struggles to come to terms with the new reality of oil shortages in the era of OPEC and finite resources, as the public tries to comprehend the true r.eaning of Three hile Island and utility company warnings of electricity shortfalls if new reactors aren't licensed, we see an essentially new phenomenon for this country-essentially technical decisions becoming central issues of public detate. How that debate is resolved-not just uhat decisions are reached but what criteria are used to reach them and who is permitted to have a say in helping form those criteria ard decisions--is a critical question worthy of serious examirstion. This course proposes to undertake such an examination.

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The issues involved are complex and the public policy debate has to date suffered from a tendency on the part of many I.articipants in it from all positions to oversi=plify and make ar8uments unsupportable from the data. , From elements of the nuclear industry one has heari claims of "too cheap to meter" y "no one has ever died from nuclear power" from some solar proponents one hears claims that power from the sun will be " cheap, safe, clean and renewable." But when they are questioned, say, about the people who died when the SL-1 reactor melted down, er about the finite character of the copper supply needed for the solar devices, it readily becomes apparent that the energy dekte is rooted often more in assumptions than facts.

W.e issue is timely it evokes considerable interests and the attention given to the public policy questions related to energy alternatives has lacked precisely that form of scholarly rigor, the hearin6 of many sides of an issue ard ydgment made after a critical analysis of competin6 data, that the university can or should best provide.

Let me give a feu examples of what I mean. A great deal of attention has been paid by the nuclear irdustry to analyzing potential sin 61 e failure modes for nuclear power plants ard attempting to build Mck-up systems to. protect against such failures. For example, Emergecy Core Coeling Systems (ECCS) have been developed to prevent what is viewed as the worst possible nuclear accident, the loss Cf Coolant Accident (LCCA) arising from a failure of the primry coolin6 system. A LCCA could result in a so-called Class IX accident, or complete core meltdown. 'a*hile some critics such as MIT's Dr. Henry Kendall were critical of the quality of ECCS employed by reactor vendors, it is nonetheless clear that there was an attempt en the part of the industry to deal ir some measure with the possibility of a single failure resulting in a loss of coolant.

But most students of the issue now agree that the accident at Three Mile Island demonstrated that not nearly enough attention had been given to nultiple failure nodes, i.e. when several unrelated things go wrong, compounding the consequences of each failure, At TMI, failure of feeduater pumps, a valve that

- failed, and other valves that were incorrectly left in the wrong position, as well as other failures, led to an accident far more scribus than most people in the nuclear indust:7 had thought was possible, in large part because of their focusin6 on accidents caused by a single failure mode.

Let me give an example from the "sof t tech" side of the debate, rany proponents of solar energy are fond of thinking of solar hot water heaters as an example of a technology that is so simple it cannot conceivably have a deleterious health effect. The sun warms water, ard you use that water as you would water from a gas- or electric-powered hot water heater. An elegantly simple system, as you can use natural convection to circulate the water ard have no need for any energy besides that which normally falls on your roof anyway.

But, as is of ten the case, the simplicity and safety are somewhat deceptive.

In most climates other than California and Florida, precautions must be taken to prevent the water in the solar collectors from freesing during the winter.

One simple method is the niding of " anti-freeze"--ethylene 61 ycol--to the water in the collectors. Cne obviously has to make that a closed loop, run it through a heat exchanger to heat the household water, or otherwise one would be drinkin6 uater laced with ethylene glycol. But here one runs into a problem familiar to L

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anyone who has studied nuclear pouer plants: you nust mke absolutely sure there is no leaking of your primry coolant into your secondary coolant.

! If such a leak occurred-and we all know hou often car radiators develop leaks, at first undetectabic-the ethylene glycol could get into the potable water system.

The health effects on a nation relying on solar power for its hot water of even a small percentage of those hot water heaters developing small leaks, contaminating drinking and cooking water, io not known at present, or, to my knowledge, even studied to date.

The point is obvious. Even the simplest of the " safe, clean" sources of energy may not be as safe as thou6ht. It may even have some of the same problems of the technologics it st, tempts to counter. And without the fancy gadgets a centralised pcuer station can have to detect leaks, an ethylene glycol leak could go undetected for a long time.

Of course, the " maximum credible accident" for one energy source nay be vastly greater than for another. And the likelihood of a minimi accident can te much smaller. It is how these complex factors are calculated and which richs are decided to be acceptable and which not that determines which energy paths we choose. And these choices can only benefit from a serious examination of the alternatives and their various implications.

Structure of the Course The course will attempt to do tuo things: discuss various criteria by which snergy alternatives my be judged, and apply these competing criteria to the principal alternatives presently bein6 discussed.

We will do this by relying to a significant decree on mtorial from the actors in the public policy debate themselves-covernment a6ency reports, 1cciclative hearing records, industry and "public interest" group publications.

And for the technical aspects of these public ;olicy choices ue will rely upon guest speakers with expertise in the are.ss under review. And because there is considerable disagreement about these issues, guests from a wide spectrum of views will be utilised. This has always been the policy of this instructor. For his CED course on "The Citisen and Congress" he brou6ht in Ccngressnan George Brown, Ji. and Parry Goldwater, Jr. For his CED course on "Humn Richts in International Perspective," a film critical of apartheid in South Africa was shown, followed by a semi-official spokesperson for the South African government presenting a defense of South Africa's humn ri ghts record. *he students have always seened particularly challenged when several differing positions are clearly presented, and that is the intention for this course on energy as well.

Course Reauirenents A midterm worth 205 of the grade and a final exanination and term paper each worth 40< of the crado uill te required. The midterm uill be a mid-course check to see that the central infernation of the course to date has been underrtood.

The term paper will be a detailed examination of one of the ener67 issues studied;-

for example: Could the development of Ccean Therml Energy Conversion (MEC) create a kind of MEC-CFEC uhereby those nations with si 6 nificant MEC potential (nearby ocean areas with a significant temperature gradient between surface and bottom uater) band together to push up the price of the MEC energy they control?

- 4-Another sample topic could beiDoes the relianca of all energy sources upon copper ari aluminum, finite resourcos, to conduct the electricity generated mean that no matter how we resolve the energy shorta6e in the short run our present rate of energy usage in the long run is not sustainable because other resources will run out and at some point replacement resources will no lon6er be able to be found? Crt How should the cost of decommissionin6 a nuclear power plant at the end of its forty-odd-year lif etime be paid-by the custorer who receives the power now or the public at the time the plant ceases to produce power;i.e. the time when the decommissionin6 must be done?

The final examination will be a chance for the student to summarize his or her conclusions about the issues raised in the class. As always, the conclusions the student comes to are his or her concern evaluation will be on the de6ree to which the students can defend their conclusions with information and concepts from the course, the clarity of their argument, and the degree of evidence that the stadent has conscientiously considered the competing choices on that particular issue.

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CCI'RSE CtELII*E uce.

1 Introduction & Overview of Course.

2 The delnte between proponents of "hard" ard "sof t." energy paths.

Insertion of a middle position between the tuo Harvazti Eusinesa School Enggy Futures study. The rain criticisms of the three approach <.s.

  • ) Means for raking energy choices risk-benefit analyses, economic /envbenmental trade-offs, magnittrie of "naximum credible accident" versus probability of accident occurring.

Computermodelingofrisk/benefitestimates. 31as entering studies; case in point, computations of deaths from x megawatts of energy from coal versus x mecauatts of energy from nuclear. Does study include the comM ete fuel cycle in each case; hou does one estirate lon6-term deaths from, for example, radiaticn released from coal plant and from nuclear plant; how does one plug in estimates for normal operation as well as possible accident?

4 Present primary energy sources: oil, coal, wood, hydro.

How to estimate resource reserves? The debate over the conclusions of t.he Club of Eome report en limits to crowth-hou many years of specific resources are "left?" Case study: petroleum ard means of estimatin6 total recoverable reserves.

The constraints on present energy sources: likelihood and severity of accidents (e.g. oil spills, refinery fires), resource limitations, environmental, pub 1M health, economic ard political constraints.

5 Fission. Constraints: resource limitations (uranium as finite resource),

likelihood and severity of accidents (controversies over '. LASH 740 and VASH 1400), environmental, public health, economic and political

constraints, problem of nuclear weapons proliferation.

Description of complete fuel cycle. Advantages of not contributing l

to CC2 buildup ("greenhouseeffect"). Eescription of SER-1, SL-1, Fermi, Chalk River, Windscale, SRE, Brown'n Ferry, ard TMI accidents. Discussion of conclusions of the various THI commissions related to public policy I on nuclear power.

6 Alternative models of nuclear reactors besides the FWR and EWR light water reactors. CAh*LU; breeders-liquid metal fast breeders as well as light water breeders. Advantages in extending available fissile Uranium supply. Problems of sodiun explosions and fires, criticality potential, and plutonium proliferation for breeders. Fusion; benefits of reducM radiological dan 6er, less scarce " fuel", reduced 7roliferation problem.

Constraints of technological uncertainties (uil; it work?), size of investment necessary to find out, possible environmental and resource constraints.

Conservation as a " source" of energy. Increased efficiency in energy use-insulation, more efficient engines (e.g. heat pumes), cogeneration,

' burning of city garince. Econonic constraints (is it cost-effective to increase engino efficiency or go to cogeneration?), technological uncertainties (can we find a way of burning garlaga uithout clogging up the apparatus?),

environmental constraints (increased insulation traps pollutants, including

(

~0~ .

raiioactive radon gaa from normal luilding materials,inside the house; burninr,6arbage increases air pollution). Synthetic fuels; advantage of extending availability of fossil fuels, which are the most scarce and most useful (particularly of fuel liquidsparticularlyf and reducin6 CFEC dependence. Resource constraints (limits to oil shale, tar sands, coal, and padicularly water for processing); environmental constraints (synfuels reportedly particularly polluting; also contribute significantly to greenhouse effect; strip mining question).

7 Solars wind, tidal, wave motion, hydroelectric (particularly low-head hydro), biomass, photovoltaic cells, solar power towers, active and passive systems for buildings, Israeli solar ponds, 6 rowing of fuel crops (e.g.

for alcohol fsels), direct use of solar (crop drying, distillation).

Constraints on solar technolo61 cal uncertainties (can we get the solar systems to work?), economic uncertainties (can we get the price down far enou6u, for example, with photovoltaic cells?), resource limitations (copper, aluminum to conduct electricity or heat; other resources needed for certain photovoltaic materials, building of CTTEC ocean platforms, power towers, etc. ),

environmental limitations (will OrEC change sea temperature or ocean habitats; will widespread use of solar collectors cover enough land mass to have come environmental offect?); efficiency limitations (can we 59t enou6h of this diffuselydistributedener6ytoutilizeitefficiently9healtheffects (silicon dust from manufacture, anti-freeze leaks, greenhouse effect and air particulate pollution from burnin6 biomass); reliability (solar not constant, problem of stora68); problem of conversion to energy form needed (fuels for transportation, for example).

8 How government deals with these public policy issues. In particular, how do the various levels of government respond to these touch choices and the many interest groups whose vital interests are affected by any governmental action in this area?

9 How is the public inf::rmed and educated about these issues?

What is the role of the scientific and technical communities?

What is the role of the media?

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10 Conclusion of class. Summarizo questions raised. Discuss competing answers to those questions and the competing strategies for acting on those questions.

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-8_

Reading M Nehring, Richard; Ciant V~, . ields and World Cil Resources; a RAIQ report, prepared for the CIA, . Je 1978, R-2284-CIA Dreyfuss, D.J., et als An Examination of Alternative Nuclear Ereedinr Methods, RAl*D Report R-226- .;, July 1978 Ferry, Robert, et al; D_qvelopmert_and Commercialisation of_the Light Yater,, Reactor, 1c46-1976, RAND Report R-2180-NSF, June 1977 Ellickson, Phyllis, et al, 331ancing.Eng;gz_and the Emironment:

"ute Feder_a1_ Role and Local Interests, Rand Report R-2274-DGE, June 1978 Candars, A., O tttric Utility,,D_ecis_ionma_k_in6_and_the Nuclear Option F.and Report R-214P.-NSF Cohen, ?ernard L. , "The Disposai of Radioactive 'a*astes from Fission Reactors",

S.cied i.fic Amer 19an, June 1977, Volume 236, Number 6 Rose, David J. and Lester, Richard K. , " Nuclear Fouer, Nuclear **leapons and International Stability", Scien_tific_American, April 1978, Volume 238, No. 4 3ethe, H. A., "The Necessityof Fission Feuer" Scientific American, January 1976, Volume 234, Number 1 McIntyre, Hugh C. , " Natural-Uranium Heavy-Vater Reactors", Sc,ien_tific Ame.r_ican ,

Cetober 1975, Volume 233, Numter 4 U.S. Government Accounting Office, " Areas Around Nuclear Facilities Should 2e Eetter Prepared for Radiolo6 cal 1 Emergencies". Farch 30, 1979, EMD-78-110 U.S. Covernment Accounting Office, "Fadiation Control Programs Provide Limited Protection", December 4,1979, HRD-80-25

! Environmental Control Technology Division, Department of knercy, " Report on Residual Fadioactive Faterials on Public or Acquired Lands of the United States",

I July 1, 1979, DCE/EV-0037 California Assembly Fermanent Subcommittee on Energy, "Cversicht Hearings,

[

j Nuclear Fouer Safety: The Tnree Mile Island Nuclear Fower Plant Accident and its i

Implications fcr California", April 12, 1979, testimony by Richard Hubbtrd and Harold Leuls l'ero, Anthony V. Jr. , A GuideNok to Nuclear Reactors, University of California Press, Berkeley 1979 l

Ford, D.F. , Hollocher, T.C. , Kendall, H.V. , et al, The ruclear Fuel Cvele, Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambrid6e, Fass. October 1973 U.S. Department of Housine and Urbtn Development, Regionaljqidelinen foduilding Fassive Ener n Conserving Homes, November 1978 HUD-FDR-355 ,

l

[ _ __. _..

9-Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, Benewable Ccean Enerry Sources. Part 1: Ocean Ther:51 Enerav Conversion, May 1978, Washin6 ton, D.C.

Schurr, Sam H. , et al, Enerm' in America's Future: The Choices Eeforo Us.

Resources for the Future, tiast insten, D.C. June 1979 U.S. Environmental Protection Acency, Office of Radiation Frograms, Summary of Radioactivity Released in Effluents From !*uclear Power Plants From 1072 Thru 1Q75, June 1977, EFA-520/3-77-0066 Karas, Joseph S. M.D. ard Stan! bury, John 3. , M.D. , " Fatal Padiation Syndrome Fron an Accidental *uclear Enursion", The !!ew Encland Jeu-nal of 1:edicino, April 15, 1965 Fan, John C.C. , " Solar Cells: Plugging into the Sun", Technoleer Review. MIT, August / September 1978 DeGrasse, Robert Jr., et al, Creating Solar Jobs, a report of the Mid-Peninsula Conversion Project, 1978, :ountain View, California Merrill, Richard and Cage, Thomas, editors, Enerr~ Priner s Dell Publishin6, 1978, W

, Padicce9 t raterials in California, Report of the Secretary for Resources' State Task Force on Nuclear Energy and Radioactive Materials, April 1979, the California Resources Agency

  • hompsen, T.J. and Zeckerley, J.C., editors, The Technolorf of !.uclear Reactor Safet ;,

~

volume 1, pg. 508-708 Mc3 ridge, J.P., I. core, R.E. , Witherspoon, J.P. and 31anco, R.E. "PadioloCical Impact of Airborne Effluents of Coal and Nuclear Plants", Science, December 8,1978, Vol. 202,

umber 4372 Johnson, Carl J. H.D., I;.P.H., "Epidemiolo61 cal Evaluation of Cancer Incidence Rates for the Period 1969-1971 in Areas of Census Tracts with Me'asured Concentrations of Plutonium Soil Contamination Downwird from the Rocky Flats Flant" Meadows, Donella H. et al, The Limits to Crowth, 1974, New American Library, W i Ea111f, J.L. Peta 11urrical Avects of the SBE Fuel Element Danare Etisode, AEC Research and Development Report, Atomics International, Canoga Fark, CA., 1961 Lovins, Amory, " Energy Stratecy: The Road Not Taken", f!ot Ihn Anart, Friends of the Earth, Mid-November 1976, Volume 6, Number 20 i

Hayes, Denis, Ravs of Hote: The Transition to a Post-Petroleum World, W.W. Norton,1977 Marx, Jean L. "Lcw-Level Padiation: Just How Ead Is It?", Science, Vol. 204,13 April 197 Fancuso, Thomas F. , Stewart, Alice, and Kneale, Geor6e, " Radiation Exposures of Fanford Workers Dying from Cancer and Other Causes", Health Physics, Pergamon Press, 1977, Vol. 33 (November) pp, 369-385 t -

.m- _

Sa11stury, David F. , " Plugging into Salt Harnessing Osmotic Power",

Technology Review. MIf, June / July 1978 Rose, David J. "!uclear Eclectic Power", Science. April 19, 1974 Lau, Gary and Williams, Robert, " Secure Storage of Radioactive Waste",

Electric Power Research Institute Journal. July-August 1976 Commcner, 3arry, The Poverty of Power. Dantam, 1977, ITY Glicksman, I4on R. , " Heat Pumps: Off and Running. . . Again", Technolort Review.

June, July, 1978 US Department of Energy, Assistant Secfetary for Energy Technology, l'uclear Waste Fanager.ent Program Surfary Document. April 1979 Feiveson, Harold A., Taylor, Theodore 3., von Hippel, Frank and Williams, Robert H.

    • The Plutonium Economy", Bulletin of the Atonic Scientists, December 1976 von Hippel, Frank and Williams, Robert H., "Toward a Solar Civilisatien",

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1977 I.ewis, H.W. et al, Risk Assessment Review Grout ReporttotheUS?fRC,NUREC/CR-0400, September 1978

+ selections from the following hearin6s before the Subcommittee on Advanced Energy Technolecies and Energy Conservation Research, Development and Demonstration

. of the Committee on Science and Technology of the U.S. House of Representatives:

I 31oconversion, July 15, August 5, 1978 Alcohol Fuels, July 11,12, and 13,1978 Passive Solar Energy Pror:n=s and Plans, Septe.nber 19, 1978

UNITED S" SATES OF M! ERICA NUCLEAR REDULATORY CO:IIIISSION 3EFDP.E THE ATCHIC SAFETY A:iD LICE::SEiG 30A?J In the Matter of )

) Docket No. 50-142

"'HE REDI::TS OF THE U:;IVERSITY )

0F CALIIVRNIA ) (Proposed Renewal of Facility

) License) -

(UCLA Research Reactor) )

) -

CERTIFICATE OF SFRVICE I hereby certify that copies of "RESPCNSE TO 3 CARD ORDER C? JU'I 16, 1981, REQUESTING ADDITIC"AL E'FORFATION FRCM DANIEL HIP.SCH" in the above-captioned proceeding have been served on the following by deposit in the United States mail, first class, this 30th day of June,1981:

Elizabeth S. Bowers, Esq., Chaiman Counsel for liRC Staff Administrative Judge U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission -

Atomic Safety and Licensing Board '.lashington, D.C. 20555 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission Washington, D.C. 20555 Docketing and Service Section Office of the Secretary Dr. Emoth A. Luebke U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission Administrative Judge Washington, D.C. 20555 Atomic Safety and Licensing Board U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Rodger Holt, Esq.

Washington, D.C. 20555 office of City Attorney 200 North Main Street Dr. Oscar H. Paris City Hall East, Room 1700 W nistrative Judge Los Angeles, CA 90012 Atomic Safety :.nd Licensing Board U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commirsion Washington, D.C. 20555 Milliam H. Comier, Esq.

Office of Administrative Vice Chancellor University of California 405 Hilgard Ave.

Los. Angeles, CA 90024 .

Christine Helwick, Esq.

Glenn R. Woods, Esq.

Office of General Counsel 2200 University Avenue 590 University Hall .

Berkeley, CA 94720 fwounsel follock for Intervenor COIGIITTEE TO 3hII4E THE GAF

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