ML19003A302
| ML19003A302 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Turkey Point  |
| Issue date: | 12/21/2018 |
| From: | Florida Power & Light Co |
| To: | Office of New Reactors |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19003A318 | List:
|
| References | |
| L-2018-237 | |
| Download: ML19003A302 (161) | |
Text
2.3-1 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3 Meteorology The AP1000 is designed for air temperatures, humidity, precipitation, snow, wind, and tornado conditions as specified in Table 2.0-201. The design wind is specified as a basic wind speed of 145 mph with an annual probability of occurrence of 0.02. Wind loads are calculated for exposure C, which is applicable to shorelines in hurricane prone areas. The 50-year return, 3-second gust wind speed for Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 is 150 miles per hour. This wind speed exceeds the AP1000 site parameter of 145 miles per hour by 5 miles per hour. Analysis of the site characteristic wind speed has been performed and it has been concluded that the increase in wind design speed will not impact the AP1000 design. Refer to Subsection 2.3.1.3.
The meteorological parameters associated within the approximately 50 mile region surrounding the Units 6 & 7 site and the site itself, as described within this section, are bounded by the site parameters specified in Table 2.0-201, except as noted.
2.3.1 Regional Climatology This subsection describes the climate within the approximately 50 mile radius region surrounding the Units 6 & 7 site. Also included in this subsection is a summary of the regional meteorological conditions that provide a basis for the design and operating conditions of Units 6 & 7. A climatological summary of normal and extreme values of relevant meteorological parameters is presented for the first-order National Weather Service (NWS) station (a first order station measures a wide number of meteorological parameters, operates 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />s-a-day and is maintained by a NWS trained and certified staff) or Automated Surface Observing System stations. Figure 2.3.1-201 shows the locations of these meteorological observation stations with respect to the Units 6 & 7 site.
Subsection 2.3.1.1 identifies data sources used to develop these descriptions. Subsection 2.3.1.2 describes large-scale general climatic features and their relationship to conditions in the region.
Severe weather phenomena considered in the design and operating bases for Units 6 & 7 are described in Subsection 2.3.1.3 and include:
Subsection 2.3.1.3.1 Observed and probabilistic extreme wind conditions
Subsection 2.3.1.3.2 Tornadoes and related wind and pressure characteristics
Subsection 2.3.1.3.3 Tropical cyclones and related effects
Subsection 2.3.1.3.4 Observed and probabilistic precipitation extremes
Subsection 2.3.1.3.5 Frequency and magnitude of hail, snowstorms, and ice storms
Subsection 2.3.1.3.6 Frequency of thunderstorms and lightning
Subsection 2.3.1.3.7 Droughts and dust storms Subsection 2.3.1.4 explains that the ultimate heat sink incorporated in the AP1000 design does not require long-term temperature and atmospheric water vapor characteristics to evaluate that systems performance. Subsection 2.3.1.5 provides design basis dry bulb and wet bulb temperature statistics considered in the design and operating bases of other safety-and nonsafety-related structures, systems, and components.
2.3-2 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Subsection 2.3.1.6 characterizes climatological conditions in the region that may affect atmospheric dispersion. Finally, Subsection 2.3.1.7 describes climate changes in the context of the sites design bases (60-year warranted design life of the AP1000) and expected 40-year operating license period by evaluating the record of observations of temperature and rainfall (normals, means, and extremes) as they have varied over the last 70-80 years, and the occurrence of severe weather events in the region.
Climate-related site parameters on which the AP1000 design is based (i.e., wind speed, tornadoes, precipitation, and air temperatures) are identified in Table 2.0-201. Site-specific characteristics that correspond to these site parameters are addressed in Subsections 2.3.1.3.1 and 2.3.1.3.3 (for wind speed), 2.3.1.3.3 (for tornadoes), 2.3.1.3.4 (for precipitation), and 2.3.1.3.5 (for air temperatures).
Table 2.0-201 compares the applicable site parameters and corresponding site-specific characteristic values.
2.3.1.1 Data Sources Several sources of data are used to characterize regional climatological conditions pertinent to the Turkey Point site. This includes data acquired by the NWS at its Miami International Airport, Florida first-order station and from 16 other nearby locations in its network of cooperative observer stations, as compiled and summarized by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).
These climatological observing stations are located in Broward, Collier, Miami-Dade, and Monroe Counties, Florida. Table 2.3.1-201 identifies the specific stations and lists their approximate distance and direction from the midpoint between the Units 6 & 7 containment buildings at the site.
Figure 2.3.1-201 illustrates these station locations relative to the site for Units 6 & 7. Onsite data sources are not used in describing regional climatology. The primary objective of an onsite meteorological monitoring program is to provide meteorological data representative of the project site that will be suitable for use in dispersion modeling assessments of routine as well as hypothetical radiological releases from the facility. In this regard, onsite data sources are used to prepare monthly and annual average joint frequency distributions of wind speed and wind direction by Pasquill stability category.
The objective of selecting nearby, offsite climatological monitoring stations is to demonstrate that the mean and extreme values measured at those locations are reasonably representative of conditions that might be expected to be observed at the Turkey Point site. The 50-mile radius circle shown in Figure 2.3.1-201 provides a relative indication of the distance between the climate observing stations and the Turkey Point site.
The identification of stations to be included was based on the following general considerations:
Proximity to the site (i.e., within the nominal 50-mile radius indicated above, to the extent practicable).
Coverage in all directions surrounding the site (to the extent possible).
Where more than one station exists for a given direction relative to the site, a station was included if it contributed one or more extreme conditions (e.g., rainfall, snowfall, maximum or minimum temperatures) for that general direction or added context for variation of conditions over the site.
Nevertheless, if an overall extreme precipitation or temperature condition was identified for a station located within a reasonable distance beyond the nominal 50 miles and that event was considered to be reasonably representative for the site, such stations were also included, regardless of directional coverage.
2.3-3 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Normals (i.e., 30-year averages), means (mean values of meteorological elements that are computed for a myriad of reasons by organizations and individuals), and extremes of temperature, rainfall, and snowfall are based on the following references:
2008 Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary with Comparative Data, Miami, Florida (Reference 201).
Climatography of the United States, N. 20, 1971-2000, Monthly Station Climate Summaries (Reference 202).
Climatography of the United States, No. 81, 1971-2000, U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (Reference 203).
Utah Climate Center, Utah State University, Climate Data Base for Florida (Reference 204).
Period of Record General and Monthly Climate Summaries for Cooperative Reporting Stations in the southeastern United States, Southeast Regional Climate Center (References 205 and 206).
First-order NWS stations also record measurements, typically every hour, of other weather elements, including winds, several indicators of atmospheric moisture content (i.e., relative humidity, dew point, and wet bulb temperatures), and barometric pressure, as well as other conditions when they occur (e.g., fog, thunderstorms). Occasionally the NWS data may be missing or contain human, instrumentation or computer errors; the NCDC compiles, filters and quality-controls NWS observations, making the data Official. Table 2.3.1-202 presents the long-term characteristics of these parameters, excerpted from the NCDC 2008 local climatological data (LCD) summary for the Miami, Florida, NWS station.
Additional data sources were also used in describing the climatological characteristics of the region, including:
2005 ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 28, Climatic Design Conditions (Reference 207).
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (Reference 208).
Historical Hurricane Tracks Storm Query, 1851 through 2007 (Reference 209).
The Climate Atlas of the United States (Reference 210).
Climate of Florida, No. 60 (Reference 211).
Storm Events for Florida, Hail, Snow and Ice, Drought, Tornado, Hurricane and Tropical Storm, and Dust Storm Event Summaries (References 212, 213, and 214).
Air Stagnation Climatology for the United States (1948-1998) (Reference 215).
Ventilation Climate Information System (Reference 216).
Seasonal Variation of 10-Square-Mile Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimates, United States East of the 105th Meridian, Hydrometeorological Report No. 53, June 1980 (Reference 217).
2.3-4 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR
Climatography of the United States, No. 85, Divisional Normals and Standard Deviations of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1971-2000 (and previous normal periods) (Reference 218).
2.3.1.2 General Climate Units 6 & 7 are on the lower east coast of Florida within the Atlantic Coastal Ridge which is a flat stretch of land that borders the Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico (see Figure 2.3.1-201).
The location of Units 6 & 7 is relatively flat with an elevation of approximately 25.5 feet NAVD 88.
Elevations within 50 miles of the site range from 2.49 feet below MSL to the north-northeast to 86.12 feet above MSL to the north. Biscayne Bay is located directly east of the site of Units 6 & 7.
The state of Florida is divided into seven climate divisions. A climate division represents a region within a state that is as climatically homogeneous as possible. Division boundaries generally coincide with county boundaries. The Turkey Point site is located within Climate Division 6 (lower east coast),
which includes a majority of Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and Martin counties.
(Reference 219)
The general climate in this division is classified as subtropical maritime (or humid subtropical) and is characterized by long and warm summers, with abundant rainfall, followed by mild, dry winters (Reference 201). The chief factors that govern the climate are latitude, land and water distribution, prevailing winds, storms, pressure systems, and ocean currents. The wet season, which is hot and humid, lasts from May to October. The wet season gives way to the dry season, which features mild temperatures with some invasions of colder air, which is when the little winter rainfall occurs with the passing of a cold front. (Reference 211)
The Azores-Bermuda high-pressure system exerts a powerful influence on the weather during the winter months. Within high-pressure systems air subsides, and as a consequence, precipitation is suppressed. The Azores-Bermuda high remains over the Sahara Desert throughout the year, but extends over Florida during the winter. As the water around the peninsula warms in the spring, the high-pressure system over Florida weakens and the summer rains begin. In some years, the influence of the Azores-Bermuda high-pressure system is greater than others, so even in the Units 6
& 7 area, rain may fall in the winter. (Reference 211) Because of the clockwise circulation around the western extent of the Azores-Bermuda high-pressure system and the nearness of the Atlantic Ocean, maritime tropical air mass characteristics prevail much of the year. Together, these factors govern late spring, summer, and early fall temperature and precipitation patterns. The climate of southern Florida does not favor the conditions that cause air stagnation.
The marine influence of the Atlantic Ocean is evident by the low daily range of temperature and the rapid warming of cold air masses that pass to the east of the state. The regional area is subject to winds from the east and southeast about half of the time, and in several specific respects has a climate whose features differ from farther inland. One of the features is the annual precipitation for the area. During the early morning hours, more rainfall occurs along the beach areas than at Miami International Airport, while during the afternoon, the reverse situation is true. The Miami International Airport is located approximately 9 miles inland (Reference 201). Monthly precipitation exhibits a cyclical pattern, with the predominant maximum occurring in the summer months and the minimum occurring during the winter months (see Table 2.3.1-202).
An even more striking difference appears in the annual number of days with temperatures reaching 90 degrees or higher, with inland stations having four times more annual days than the beach areas.
Minimum temperature contrasts are also particularly marked under proper conditions, with the difference between inland locations and the beach areas frequently reaching to 15 degrees or more, especially in the winter. Freezing temperatures occur occasionally in the inland suburban areas and farming districts, but rarely near the ocean (Reference 201).
2.3-5 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR The region is subject to sea/land breeze circulations, local winds that are driven by the differential heating of the air over the ocean and over the land surface. Sea breezes are stronger than land breezes because the difference in temperature and air density between the land and the sea is greater during the day than at night. In south Florida the existence and intensity of the sea breeze depends strongly on seasonal and latitudinal factors as well as on the time of day. Sea/land breeze circulations influence local temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction and precipitation.
The most notable sea breeze impacts are a shift in wind to the onshore direction, an increase in wind speed, a decrease in temperature and an increase in humidity.
The El Nino-Southern Oscillation is a physical phenomenon that occurs in the equatorial Pacific Ocean where the water temperature oscillates between being unusually warm (El Nino) and unusually cold (La Nina). El Nino and La Nina are among the strongest drivers of the climate of North America, with impacts that vary across different regions. These oceanic events shift the position of the jet streams across the continent, which act to steer the fronts and weather systems. The southeast United States experiences particularly strong long-term weather shifts, with Florida experiencing the greatest impacts. El Nino typically brings 30 to 40 percent more rainfall and cooler temperatures to Florida in the winter, while La Nina brings a warmer and much drier than normal winter and spring. La Nina is frequently a trigger to periodic drought in Florida (Reference 211). El Nino contributes to fewer Atlantic hurricanes, while La Nina contributes to more Atlantic hurricanes.
Florida is only exceeded by Louisiana as the wettest state in the nation. Most of the rain that falls on Florida is convective. It is in the intensity of its precipitation that Florida differs from states farther north. The Panhandle and southeastern Florida are the wettest parts of the state. Coastal locations, including the Keys, receive less rain than those locations nearby but farther in the interior because coastal locations do not provide as good an environment for convectional heating. A large share of Floridas precipitation falls during periods of torrential rain, which here is defined as three inches or more in a 24-hour period. (Reference 211)
Summer rain is generally in the form of local thunderstorms, or thunderstorms that form in long squall lines created when hot humid air from the Atlantic Ocean converges with equally hot and humid air from the Gulf of Mexico. In southeast Florida, on average, thunderstorms occur most frequently during June and July and the area experiences approximately 69 thunderstorms per year. The state usually leads the nation in lightning deaths because of the large number of people involved in outdoor activities such as swimming, boating, and golfing. The months of June, July, and August have the highest frequency of dangerous lightning events (Reference 201).
Tropical storms in southeast Florida have occurred in the month of February and from May through November. Hurricanes occasionally affect the area with the greatest frequency occurring in September and October.
Florida experiences more tornadoes per 10,000 square miles than any state in the nation.
Fortunately, most Florida tornadoes are much lower in intensity than those in the Great Plains and destructive tornadoes are very rare. Funnel clouds are occasionally sighted offshore (waterspouts) during the summer months and a few touch the ground briefly but significant damage is seldom reported (Reference 201). Further information regarding tornadoes and tropical cyclones is presented in Subsections 2.3.1.3.2 and 2.3.1.3.3, respectively.
2.3.1.3 Severe Weather This subsection addresses severe weather phenomena that affect the Turkey Point region and that are considered in the design and operating bases for the plant. These include:
Observed and probabilistic extreme wind conditions (Subsection 2.3.1.3.1)
2.3-6 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR
Tornadoes and related wind and pressure characteristics (Subsection 2.3.1.3.2)
Tropical cyclones and related effects (Subsection 2.3.1.3.3)
Observed and probabilistic precipitation extremes (Subsection 2.3.1.3.4)
The frequencies and magnitude of hail, snowstorms, and ice storms (Subsection 2.3.1.3.5)
The frequencies of thunderstorms and lightning (Subsection 2.3.1.3.6)
Droughts and dust (sand) storms (Subsection 2.3.1.3.7)
Included in the information provided in several of these subsections are climate-related site characteristics and their corresponding site parameters in Table 2.0-201; Subsections 2.3.1.3.1, 2.3.1.3.2, 2.3.1.3.3, and 2.3.1.3.4.
2.3.1.3.1 Extreme Winds From a climatological standpoint, the frequency of peak wind speed gusts can be characterized from information in the Climate Atlas of the United States (Reference 210), which is based on observations made over the 30-year period of record from 1961 to 1990. Frequencies of occurrence were developed from values reported as the 5-second peak gust for the day. Mean annual occurrences of peak gusts greater than or equal to 50 mph, 40 mph, and 30 mph in the Units 6 & 7 site range between 0.5 and 1.4 days per year, less than 9.5 days per year, and between 40.5 and 50.4 days per year, respectively (Reference 210).
Estimating the wind loading on plant structures for design and operating bases considers the basic wind speed, which is the 3-second gust speed at 33 feet (10 meters) above the ground in Exposure Category C, as defined in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of the ASCE-SEI design standard, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (Reference 208).
The basic wind speed is approximately 150 mph, as estimated from the plot of basic wind speeds in Figure 6-1B of ASCE 7-05 (Reference 208) for that portion of the United States that includes the Turkey Point site. The site is located in a hurricane prone region as defined in Section 6.2 of the ASCE-SEI design standard, that is, along the U.S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico coasts where the basic wind speed is greater than 90 mph (Reference 208).
From a probabilistic standpoint, 150 mph is associated with a mean recurrence interval of 50 years.
This value exceeds the design value wind velocity given in Subsection 3.3.1.1. The higher wind velocity does not adversely affect any safety-related systems, structures, and/or components.
Section C6.0 (Table C6-3) of the ASCE-SEI design standard provides conversion factors for estimating 3-second gust wind speeds for other recurrence intervals (Reference 208). Based on this guidance, the 100-year return period value is determined by multiplying the 50-year return period value by a scaling factor of 1.07, which yields a 100-year return period 3-second gust wind speed for the site of approximately 161 mph.
For the period of record (1851-2007), there were two Category 5 hurricanes (the unnamed hurricanes of 1935 and 1947). Both hurricanes had maximum 1-minute wind speeds of 140 knots (161 mph) (Reference 209). Hurricane Andrew occurred in 1992 was classified as Category 4 with a 1-minute average wind speed of 130 knots (150 mph) (Reference 225). However, in a post event reanalysis (References 238 and 239) Hurricane Andrew was upgraded to Category 5. The winds at landfall were assigned a sustained 1-minute wind speed of 145 knots (167 mph). The associated 3-second gust wind speed would be 204 mph using a conversion factor from Figure C6-4 of ASCE/SEI 7-05 (Reference 208). Additionally, using the guidance of RG 1.221 (Reference 240), it
2.3-7 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR was determined that the nominal 3-second gust wind speed that can be expected to occur at the Turkey Point site with a return period of 1.0E07 years is 260 mph. The 3-second gust wind speed was determined by digitizing the contours from Figure 1 of RG 1.221, and overlaying the Turkey Point site location.
Subsection 2.3.1.3.3 addresses rainfall extremes associated with tropical cyclones that have passed within 100 nautical miles of the Turkey Point site. It concludes with a description of observed or estimated sustained wind speeds and wind gusts accompanying several of the more intense hurricanes that have made landfall and tracked through this radial area.
This climate-related site characteristic value (i.e., the 3-second gust wind speed) is one of the wind speed-related site parameters listed in Table 2.0-201. Refer to Table 2.0-201 for a comparison of the corresponding site parameter values.
2.3.1.3.2 Tornadoes The design basis tornado characteristics applicable to structures, systems, and components important to safety include the following parameters as identified in RG 1.76 (Reference 220):
Maximum wind speed
Translational speed
Maximum rotational speed
Radius of maximum rotational speed
Pressure drop
Rate of pressure drop Based on Figure 1 of RG 1.76 and the coordinates for the midpoint between the Units 6 & 7 containment buildings (see Subsection 2.1.1.2), the Turkey Point site is located within Tornado Intensity Region II. The design basis tornado characteristics for Tornado Intensity Region II (Reference 220) that apply to the Turkey Point site are:
Maximum wind speed = 200 mph
Translational speed = 40 mph
Maximum rotational speed = 160 mph
Radius of maximum rotational speed = 150 feet
Pressure drop = 0.9 pounds per square inch (psi)
Rate of pressure drop = 0.4 psi per second Revision 1 of RG 1.76 retains the same 1E-07 exceedance probability for tornado wind speeds as the original version of that RG. Revision 2 of NUREG/CR-4461 (Reference 221) describes the relationship between the Original Fujita Scale of wind speed ranges for different tornado intensity classifications and the Enhanced Fujita Scale wind speed ranges. NUREG/CR-4461, Rev. 2 was the basis for most of the technical revisions to RG 1.76. The tornado-related site parameter values listed
2.3-8 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR in Table 2.0-201 exceed (are more severe than) the design basis tornado characteristics listed above.
Tornadoes observed in a 2-degree latitude and longitude square, centered on the Turkey Point site, are used to characterize their frequency of occurrence from a climatological standpoint, per RG 1.76.
The data was obtained from the NCDC Storm Events database of tornado occurrences by location, date, and time, starting and ending coordinates, Fujita Scale wind speed classification (or F-scale),
Pearson Scale path length and path-width dimensions (or P-scale), and other storm-related statistics (Reference 213).
The 2-degree square area for this evaluation includes all or portions of six counties in Florida that include Broward, Collier, Hendry, Miami-Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach Counties. All tornado occurrences in the six counties were queried for tornado occurrences in the 2-degree latitude/longitude square. Through the nearly 59-year period from 1950 through July 2008, the records in the database indicate that 297 tornadoes occurred in the 2-degree latitude/longitude square (Reference 213).
Tornado F-scale classifications (with corresponding wind speed range based on the Original Fujita Scale of wind speeds) and respective occurrences are as follows:
Twelve of the tornadoes are assigned an undefined F-scale magnitude of F in the Storm Events database, because the begin location and end location are both unknown and most have no description of the incident available. These events are assumed to be comparable to an F0 classification (Reference 213).
Tornadoes have occurred in the site area during every month of the year with a peak frequency occurring in the summer. On a monthly basis, the greatest number of events has been recorded in June followed by the second-highest count during August followed by the third highest count during May. The lowest percent of the tornadoes have occurred during the winter months (Reference 213).
Tornadoes that occur over a body of water are called waterspouts. Waterspouts probably occur more frequently in the Florida Keys than anywhere else in the world (Reference 222). Waterspouts are generally broken into two categories: fair weather waterspouts and tornadic waterspouts. Tornadic waterspouts are simply tornadoes that form over water, or move from land to water. They have the same characteristics as a land tornado. Fair weather waterspouts are usually a less dangerous phenomena, but quite common over south Floridas coastal waters from late spring to early fall.
Waterspouts can move onshore and become tornadoes and cause significant damage and injury to people. The maximum rotational wind speed of waterspouts has been estimated to be as high as 219 mph (98 m/s) (Reference 222). However, typically, fair weather waterspouts dissipate rapidly when they make landfall, and rarely penetrate far inland (Reference 223).
It is estimated that the Florida Keys area experiences 50 to 500 waterspouts each year. In terms of waterspouts per unit area, the most active region after the Florida Keys is the entire southeast Florida Tornado F-scale Classification Corresponding Wind Speed Range in meters per second Respective Occurrences F5 117 (261 - 318 mph) 0 F4 93 to 116 (207 - 260 mph) 0 F3 70 to 92 (158 - 206 mph) 4 F2 50 to 69 (113 - 157 mph) 17 F1 33 to 49 (73 - 112 mph) 65 F0 18 to 32 (40 - 72 mph) 211
2.3-9 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR coast from Stuart, Florida to Homestead, Florida (Reference 222). Conventional data reporting sources for the Florida Keys area likely underestimate the actual yearly waterspout population. The tendency for underreporting in the Florida Keys may be attributed to the fact that much of the population is concentrated in a few areas of much higher density, such as the city of Key West, and the duration of a waterspout is only approximately 14 minutes. This tendency is reflected in the Storm Events database compiled by the NCDC for the Florida Keys (Monroe County), which only reports 421 waterspouts for the period of record January 1, 1950 through May 30, 2008 (Reference 213).
NCDC data for the same period of record from Miami-Dade, Collier, and Broward counties indicates reports of 112, 38, and 61 waterspouts, respectively. There have been no reports of waterspouts coming on shore in Miami-Dade County and resulting in deaths or property damage (Reference 213).
2.3.1.3.3 Tropical Cyclones Tropical cyclones include not only hurricanes and tropical storms, but systems classified as tropical depressions, subtropical storms, subtropical depressions, and extratropical storms. This characterization considers tropical cyclones (rather than systems classified only as hurricanes and tropical storms) because storm classifications are generally downgraded once landfall occurs and the system weakens, although they may still result in significant rainfall and extreme wind events as they travel through the site region.
Wind speeds (one-minute average) corresponding to each of the Saffir-Simpson hurricane categories are listed below (Reference 209):
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) Coastal Services Center provides a comprehensive historical database, extending from 1851 through 2007, of tropical cyclone tracks based on information compiled by the National Hurricane Center. This database indicates that 53 tropical cyclone centers or storm tracks (which includes three extratropical storms) have passed within 100 nautical miles of the Turkey Point site during this historical period. Storm classifications, respective occurrences and frequencies over this 157-year period of record are as follows (Reference 209):
Tropical cyclones in this 100-nautical-mile radius have occurred as early as February and as late as November, with the greatest occurrence recorded during October, including classifications at and Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Categories Classification Wind Speed (mph)
Category 1 74-95 Category 2 96-110 Category 3 111-130 Category 4 131-155 Category 5
>155 Storm Classification Occurrences Frequency (events/yr)
Hurricane - Category 5 3
0.019 Hurricane - Category 4 10 0.064 Hurricane - Category 3 13 0.083 Hurricane - Category 2 8
0.051 Hurricane - Category 1 16 0.102 Extratropical 3
0.019
2.3-10 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR above tropical depression status. Tropical storms have occurred in February and from May to November (Reference 209).
During August through October, hurricane frequency increases. Three Category 5 hurricanes have been tracked within 100 nautical miles of the Turkey Point site. Two were no named hurricanes occurring in September of 1935 and September of 1947. Hurricane Andrew, the third Category 5, occurred in August 1992. Of the 10 Category 4 hurricanes that have occurred in this radial distance, one was recorded in August, seven recorded in September, and two were recorded in October. One Category 3 hurricane occurred in July, two in August, three in September, and seven in October.
Most major hurricanes in the Turkey Point site area have occurred from late-summer to early fall (Reference 209).
Tropical cyclones are responsible for at least 14 separate rainfall records among the 17 NWS and cooperative observer network stations listed in Table 2.3.1-203, including eight 24-hour (daily) rainfall totals and six monthly rainfall totals. For example, in mid-September 1960, a 24-hour record was set at the Miami 12 SSW cooperative observing station as a result of Hurricane Donna (10.06 inches)
(Reference 204). On August 26, 2005, a 24-hour record was set at the Perrine 4 W cooperative observing station as a result of Hurricane Katrina (15.1 inches) (Reference 204).
Additional monthly station records were established due to contributions from the following tropical cyclones (Reference 204):
Hurricane Donna and Tropical Storm Florence in September 1960 (21.95 inches at Dania 4 WNW, 27.54 inches at Miami 12 SSW, 24.4 inches at Miami International Airport, and 29.5 inches at Perrine 4 W)
As indicated above, significant amounts of recorded rainfall can be associated with a tropical cyclone once the system moves inland. Wind speed intensity, however, noticeably decreases as the system passes over terrain and is subjected to increased frictional forces. Examples of such effects associated with some of the more intense tropical cyclones that have passed within 100 nautical miles of the Turkey Point site are:
Not Named Hurricane of 1926 (September 1926) The Category 4 hurricane's eye moved directly over Miami Beach and downtown Miami during the morning hours of September 18, 1926. This cyclone produced the highest sustained winds ever recorded in the United States at the time. A storm surge of nearly 15 feet was reported in Coconut Grove. Many casualties resulted as people ventured outdoors during the half-hour lull in the storm as the eye passed overhead. The great hurricane of 1926 ended the economic boom in South Florida and would be a $90 billion disaster had it occurred in recent times. With a highly transient population across southeastern Florida during the 1920s, the death toll is uncertain because more than 800 people were missing in the aftermath of the cyclone. A Red Cross report lists 373 deaths and 6,381 injuries as a result of the hurricane (Reference 224).
Hurricane Donna (September 1960) Hurricane Donna (Category 4) was one of the most destructive hurricanes to strike Florida and one of the most damaging to affect the United States. It is also believed to have caused hurricane winds over a greater proportion of the United States coastline than any other known hurricane. Donna came ashore on the southwestern coast of Florida with the eye passing over Naples and Fort Myers as the hurricane turned northward, moved inland, and then continued northeastward to reenter the Atlantic just north of Daytona Beach on September 11. As indicated previously, Donna produced record 24-hour rainfall amounts at Miami 12 SSW cooperative observing station located 16 miles from Turkey Point and contributed to record maximum monthly rainfall at
2.3-11 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR several weather observation stations within 50 miles of the Turkey Point site. The last report from the Tavenier observing station estimated the wind speed to be 135 mph. Wind gusts of 97 mph were reported at the Miami Airport Tower (Reference 225).
Tropical Storm Florence (September 1960) Florence intensified into a tropical storm on September 18, 1960 north of Puerto Rico and moved westward. Wind speeds reached 50 to 55 mph. The storm weakened the next day as it moved westward to the Florida Straits and just north of Cuba, then moved slowly northward over southern Florida on September 23 and 24 with accompanying heavy rains before turning northwestward and then into the Gulf of Mexico (Reference 225). This tropical storm was responsible for the 24-hour maximum rainfall (8.4 inches) at the Miami Beach cooperative observing station.
Hurricane Andrew (August 1992) Hurricane Andrew (Category 5) caused an estimated
$26 billion damage in the United States making it the most expensive natural disaster at that time in the United States. Andrew dropped sufficient rain to cause local floods even though the hurricane was relatively small and generally moved rather fast. Rainfall totals in excess of four to seven inches were recorded in southeast Florida. At landfall in southern Miami-Dade County, Florida, the central pressure was 922 millibars, which was the third lowest this century (after the 1935 Florida Keys Labor Day storm and Hurricane Camille in 1969) for a landfalling hurricane in the U.S. The storm devastated Miami-Dade County then moved northwest across the Gulf of Mexico to make a second landfall in a sparsely populated area of south-central Louisiana as a Category 3 storm on August 26 (Reference 225). Hurricane Andrew is historic because this is the first time that a hurricane significantly affected a commercial nuclear power plant. The eye of the storm passed over the Turkey Point site and caused extensive onsite and offsite damage, however, there was no damage to the safety-related systems except for minor water intrusion and some damage to insulation and paint (Reference 226).
In a post event reanalysis (References 238 and 239) Hurricane Andrew was upgraded to Category 5. The winds at landfall were assigned a sustained 1-minute wind speed of 145 knots (167 mph). The associated 3-second gust wind speed would be 204 mph using a conversion factor from Figure C6-4 of ASCE/SEI 7-05 (Reference 208).
Hurricane Katrina, (August 2005) Katrina was one of the strongest storms to impact the coast of the United States during the last 100 years. Hurricane Katrina developed initially as a tropical depression on August 23 and strengthened into a tropical storm the next day. It then moved slowly along a northwesterly then westerly track through the Bahamas, increasing in strength during this time. A few hours before landfall in south Florida on August 25, Katrina strengthened to become a Category 1 hurricane. Landfall occurred between Hallandale Beach and North Miami Beach, Florida, with maximum sustained winds of 81 mph. The storm then moved generally southwest across the tip of the Florida peninsula. Katrina was responsible for the maximum reported 24-hour rainfall (15.1 inches) at the Perrine 4 W cooperative station on August 26, 2005. This observation agrees with an analysis conducted by NOAA's Climate Prediction Center that showed parts of the region received heavy rainfall, more than 15 inches in some locations, which caused localized flooding (Reference 225).
Hurricane Wilma, (October 2005) Hurricane Wilma was the 25th tropical cyclone and 12th hurricane of the hyperactive 2005 season, and the fifth tropical cyclone in as many months to have a significant impact on the Florida Keys. Hurricane Wilma moved across the extreme southeastern Gulf of Mexico and southern Florida peninsula during the morning hours of October 24, 2005, bringing hurricane-force winds to the Florida Keys and the highest storm surge observed in the Keys since Hurricane Betsy, on September 8, 1965. The core of Category 3 Hurricane Wilma passed just north of the Florida Keys, sparing the Keys island
2.3-12 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR chain from the highest winds and heaviest rain. However, the ocean surrounding the Keys archipelago rose rapidly on the morning of the 24th, inundating many island communities, and causing millions of dollars in property damage (Reference 227).
2.3.1.3.4 Precipitation Extremes Because precipitation is a localized measurement, assessing the variability of precipitation extremes over the area of the Turkey Point site, in an effort to evaluate whether the available long-term data is representative of conditions at the site, largely depends on station coverage.
Historical precipitation extremes (rainfall and snowfall) are presented in Table 2.3.1-203 for the 17 nearby land-based climatological observing stations listed in Table 2.3.1-201. Based on the maximum 24-hour and monthly precipitation totals recorded among these stations in the area of the Turkey Point site, and, more importantly, the areal distribution of these stations around the site, the data show that these statistics are reasonably representative of the extremes of rainfall and snowfall expected to be observed at the Turkey Point site.
As indicated in Subsection 2.3.1.3.3, almost half of the individual station 24-hour rainfall records (and to a lesser extent the monthly rainfall totals) were established as a result of precipitation associated with tropical cyclones that passed within 100 nautical miles of the Turkey Point site.
Maximum recorded 24-hour rainfall totals range from 7.5 inches at the Tamiami Trail 40 Mile Bend station, 38 miles northwest of the Turkey Point site, to 15.1 inches at the Perrine 4 W observing station approximately 13 miles to the north-northwest. The maximum 24-hour rainfall total on August 26, 2005 at the Perrine 4 W cooperative weather observing station was directly associated with Hurricane Katrina. Maximum monthly rainfall totals range from 17.5 inches at Miami Beach in May 1984, approximately 28 miles to the northeast, to 34.4 inches at the Pompano Beach observing station approximately 57 miles to the north-northeast in October 1965 (References 202, 204, and 205).
Between October 12 and October 15, 1965, a rainstorm of unusually prolonged duration and high intensity struck southern Florida and its surrounding waters. The storm was especially noteworthy for having produced very heavy rainfall in the area between Miami and Palm Beach. The heavy rainfall was associated with a stationary front that brought about lifting of conditionally unstable layers of air to saturation. The adiabatic ascent in this case appeared to constitute a forcing of the convection over a relatively small and prescribed area. The further concentration of heavy rain may have been the result of a local moistening effect on the flow by the Bahama Island chain in combination with a favorable wind regime (Reference 228). The heavy precipitation on October 31 is believed to be attributed to a persistent easterly flow off the ocean that supported convective thunderstorm development over the inland area (Reference 229).
In general, when monthly rainfall records were established at a given observing station, regardless of their cause(s), significant amounts of precipitation were usually measured at most of the other stations in the site area, particularly when associated with the passage of tropical cyclones. This is usually not the case for maximum 24-hour rainfall records because of the occurrence of more local-scale events such as thunderstorms and because of the intense nature of these storms in this coastal area. However, there does not appear to be any clear relationship between the rainfall recorded during such extreme events, whether on a 24-hour or monthly basis, and the distance inland within the area considered around the Turkey Point site (see Figure 2.3.1-201). Therefore, based on the range of the maximum recorded 24-hour and monthly rainfall totals among these stations, the areal distribution of these climatological observing stations around the site, and their proximity to the site, the data shows that rainfall extremes close to the upper limits of the respective maxima can reasonably be expected to occur at the Turkey Point site.
2.3-13 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Site characteristic values corresponding to the precipitation (for roof design) site parametersthat is, 1-hour and 5-minute rainfall rates (intensities)are addressed in Subsection 2.4.2.
Winter storms that produce measurable amounts of frozen precipitation near the Turkey Point site are rare. The only observation of frozen precipitation near the Turkey Point site was a trace (0.05 inch) observed at Homestead, Florida on January 19, 1977 (Reference 204). From a probabilistic standpoint, estimating the design basis snow load on the roofs of safety-related structures considers one or both of these climate-related components:
The weight of the 100-year return period ground-level snow pack (to be included in the combination of normal live loads).
The weight of the 48-hour probable maximum winter precipitation (to be included, along with the weight of the 100-year return period ground-level snow pack, in the combination of extreme live loads).
As indicated in Table 2.3.1-203, the 24-hour and monthly maximum snowfall for the climatological stations is zero with the exception of the Homestead Experiment Station. Based on Figure 7-1 of the ASCE-SEI design standard, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (Reference 208), the 50-year return period ground-level snow pack for the Turkey Point site area is 0 pounds per square foot. Section C7.0 of the design standard provides conversion factors for estimating ground-level snow pack values for other recurrence intervals. A 100-year return period value is determined by dividing the 50-year ground-level snow pack by a factor of 0.82. In this case, however, the 50-year and the 100-year return period values would both be 0 pounds per square foot.
Instead of a 100-year return period ground-level snow pack values based on the ASCE-SEI design standard, the weight of the overall maximum snowfall event recorded in the Turkey Point site has been estimated based on the station report. As indicated previously, the highest 24-hour snowfall total (0.05 inches) occurred on January 19, 1977 at the Homestead Experiment Station (Reference 204). It is assumed that the snow remained on the ground for an extended period of time and that a nominal snow density (i.e., the ratio of the volume of melted snow to the volume of snow) of 1:10 applies (Reference 230). This ratio represents a value typically used by the NCDC in estimating liquid precipitation equivalents during snowfall events. Therefore, the liquid equivalent for this maximum snowfall event would be 0.005 inches of water. Based on the relationship of one inch of water being equivalent to 5.2 pounds per square foot, the estimated weight of the maximum recorded snowfall event would be 0.026 pounds per square foot.
The 48-hour probable maximum winter precipitation component (unadjusted) for evaluating extreme live loads (as indicated above) is derived by logarithmic interpolation on the curve defined by plots of the 6-, 24-and 72-hour, 10-square mile area, monthly probable maximum precipitation estimates as presented in NUREG/CR-1486 (Reference 217). The highest winter season (December through February) probable maximum precipitation values for the Turkey Point site occur in December and are approximately 18, 29, and 37 inches, respectively, for these time intervals (Reference 217). The 24-and 72-hour probable maximum precipitation values for January and February are essentially the same as the December values for these two time intervals (Reference 217).
The 48-hour probable maximum precipitation value (unadjusted), estimated by logarithmic interpolation on the curve defined by the 6-, 24-, and 72-hour probable maximum precipitation values for December, is 34.0 inches liquid depth. The weight of the 48-hour probable maximum winter precipitation is reported and applied in Section 3.8, which addresses the design of Seismic Category I structures.
The climate-related site characteristic values (i.e., the 100-year return period ground snow load [or, in this case, the estimated weight of the maximum recorded snowfall event in the site area in lieu of that
2.3-14 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR value], and the 48-hour probable maximum winter precipitation) are two of the precipitation (for roof design)-related site parameters. Refer to Table 2.0-201 in Section 2.0 for a comparison of the corresponding site parameter values.
2.3.1.3.5 Hail, Snowstorms, and Ice Storms Frozen precipitation in the Turkey Point site typically occurs in the form of hail. The frequency of occurrence and characteristics of this type of weather event is based on the following two references:
the latest version of The Climate Atlas of the United States (Reference 210), which has been developed from observations made over the 30-year period of record from 1961 to 1990, and the NCDC Storm Events database for Florida (Reference 212) based on observations over the period of January 1950 to May 2008.
Though hail can occur at any time of the year in the site area and is associated with well-developed thunderstorms, it has been observed primarily during late spring and the summer months (May through August), reaching a peak during May, and occurring least often from late fall through the winter months (December, January, and February) (Reference 212).
The Climate Atlas (Reference 210) indicates that most of Miami-Dade County can expect, on average, hail with diameters 0.75 inch or greater approximately 1 day per year. The Climate Atlas also shows a similar frequency in the eastern portions of the adjacent Broward County. However, a relatively lower frequency of occurrence is indicated for the west portion of Broward County and the extreme western and southern portions of Miami-Dade County (less than 0.5 days per year). Other nearby counties of Collier and Monroe, which are directly adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico, can expect 0.75-inch or greater hail approximately 0.5 days or less per year. The Climate Atlas indicates that the occurrence of hail with diameters greater than or equal to 1.0 inch is relatively less frequent over the site area and confined to the northeastern portion of Miami-Dade County and the southeastern portion of Broward County (Reference 210).
NCDC cautions that hailstorm events are point observations and somewhat dependent on population density. This may explain the areal extent of higher frequencies in the northeastern portion of Miami-Dade County and what could be interpreted as generally lower frequencies of occurrence in the southern coastal portion of the county. The slightly higher annual mean frequency of approximately one to two days per year with hail greater than or equal to 0.75 inch in diameter is considered to be a representative indicator for the Turkey Point site.
Hailstorm events in Miami-Dade and surrounding counties have generally reported maximum hailstone diameters ranging between 1.75 and 4.0 inches. Golf ball-size hail (approximately 1.75 inches in diameter) is not a rare occurrence, having been observed numerous times in Miami-Dade and surrounding counties. However, in terms of extreme hailstorm events, the NCDC Storm Events database indicates that grapefruit-to softball-size hail (approximately 4.0 to 4.5 inches in diameter, respectively) was observed on only one occasion within 50 miles of the Turkey Point siteMarch 29, 1963 (4.0 inches), in Miami-Dade County, approximately 27 miles to the north-northeast of the Turkey Point site (Reference 212).
Winters bring no accumulation of snowfall in southeastern Florida. Snow has never been reported at the Miami International Airport. According to the NCDC (Reference 231), a trace of snowfall was observed at the Homestead Experiment Station once during a period of record of 39 years. The Homestead Experiment Station is within 19 kilometers (12 miles) of Units 6 & 7 (Reference 204). The total snowfall was estimated to be only 0.05 inches (References 204 and 231). The notes made by the station observer indicate that the snow melted before reaching the ground (Reference 232). This was during one of the worst of the mid-1970s cold waves and snow fell that day in several parts of Miami-Dade County, Florida, but not at the NWS office at the Miami Airport, which is why the official
2.3-15 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR records do not show the snow. The effects of winter precipitation have been addressed in the preceding subsection from a design basis perspective (Reference 212).
The Storm Events database for Florida (Reference 212) indicates that ice storms have not been reported in Broward, Collier, Monroe, or Miami-Dade Counties in the period January 1, 1950 through May 31, 2008. In addition, the Climate Atlas (Reference 210) indicates that the mean numbers of days per year with frozen precipitation in counties of southeastern Florida is zero.
2.3.1.3.6 Thunderstorms and Lightning Thunderstorms can occur in the site area at any time during the year. Based on a 61-year period of record, Miami, Florida, averages approximately 73 thunderstorm-days (i.e., days on which thunder is heard at an observing station) per year. On average, August has the highest monthly frequency of occurrenceapproximately 15 days. Annually, almost three-quarters (approximately 74 percent) of thunderstorm-days are recorded between early summer and early fall (i.e., from June through September). From November through March thunderstorms have the lowest monthly frequency of occurrence and might be expected to occur approximately 1 day per month (Reference 201).
The mean frequency of lightning strikes to earth can be estimated using a method attributed to EPRI, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Utilities Service in the publication titled Summary of Items of Engineering Interest (Reference 233). This methodology assumes a relationship between the average number of thunderstorm-days per year (T) and the number of lightning strikes to earth per square mile per year (N), where:
N = 0.31T Based on the average number of thunderstorm-days per year at Miami, Florida (i.e., 73.0; see Table 2.3.1-202), the frequency of lightning strikes to earth per square mile is approximately 23 per year for the area of the Turkey Point site. This frequency is below the mean of the 10-year (1989 to 1999) lightning flash density for the area that includes the Turkey Point site, as reported by the NWS to be 14 to 16 flashes per square kilometer per year or 4.6 to 5.4 flashes/square mile/year (Reference 234).
The Turkey Point power block and the surrounding area are shown on Figure 2.1-205, which is approximately 30 acres, or approximately 0.047 square miles. Given the estimated annual average frequency of lightning strikes to earth in the area of the Turkey Point site, the frequency of lightning strikes in the power block and surrounding area can be estimated as follows:
(23 lightning strikes/square miles/year) x (0.047 square miles) = 1.1 lightning strikes/year, or approximately once each year.
2.3.1.3.7 Droughts and Dust (Sand) Storms Droughts are prolonged periods of very dry weather that cause serious water imbalances in the affected area. 27 drought event(s) are reported in Florida between January 1, 1950 and July 31, 2008; however no drought events are reported in Miami-Dade County during the same period (Reference 213). Statewide, the drought events effects range from reduced topsoil moisture and poor pastures, to wildfire breakouts, to various degrees of water usage restrictions (Reference 213). The southeastern coastal region of Florida, where the Turkey Point site is located, experienced a dry spring in 2007 combined with a prolonged period of below normal rainfall going back to early 2006, producing severe to extreme drought conditions. The drought conditions returned to southwestern Florida, primarily Collier County, in August 2007 and continued into May of 2008. Subsection 2.4.11 describes the effect of droughts on the Turkey Point cooling system. Subsection 2.4.11.3 describes historical low water conditions from droughts and their frequencies in the past.
2.3-16 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Dust storms predominantly originate in normally arable regions during periods of drought where dust and sand layers are loosened. Dust storms in the southeastern coastal region of Florida are very rare due to the vegetative cover. Severely reduced visibilities due to large-scale dust storms in Florida occur infrequently. The NCDC Storm Events database indicates no occurrences of dust storms in 50-nautical miles of the Turkey Point site from January 1950 through May 2008 (Reference 213).
Severely reduced visibilities in southeastern Florida primarily occur as a result of wildfires or brushfires.
2.3.1.4 Meteorological Data for Evaluating the Ultimate Heat Sink The AP1000 design uses a passive containment cooling system (PCS) to provide the safety-related ultimate heat sink for the plant. The PCS uses a high strength steel containment vessel inside a concrete shield building. The steel containment vessel provides the heat transfer surface that removes heat from inside the containment by conduction. Heat from the containment surface is transferred to a water film by convection, and from the water film to the air by convection and the evaporation of the water film. Heat removal from the containment vessel is aided by continuous, natural circulation of air (Subsection 6.2.2).
The use of the PCS in the AP1000 design is not significantly influenced by local weather conditions.
Therefore, the identification of meteorological conditions that are associated with maximum evaporation and drift loss of water, as well as minimum cooling by the ultimate heat sink (i.e., periods of maximum wet bulb temperatures) is not necessary.
2.3.1.5 Design Basis Dry and Wet Bulb Temperatures These climate-related site characteristic values are among the air temperature-related site parameters listed in Table 2.0-201 as:
Maximum safety (0 percent exceedance) dry bulb, coincident and noncoincident wet bulb temperatures
Minimum safety (0 percent exceedance) dry bulb temperature
Maximum normal (1 percent seasonal corresponding to the 0.4 percent annual) dry bulb, coincident and noncoincident wet bulb temperatures
Minimum normal (99 percent seasonal corresponding to the 99.6 percent annual) dry bulb temperature These temperatures are discussed in the following paragraphs.
Maximum and Minimum Safety Temperatures The 0 percent exceedance site parameter values represent conservative estimates of historical high and low temperatures for potential sites. Based on a 30-year period of record (1976-2005) of sequential hourly data for the NWS station at Homestead AFB (the closest station to the site at which coincident dry and wet bulb temperature measurements are made), the 0 percent exceedance historical maximum dry bulb temperature for the Turkey Point site is 98.0°F with a coincident wet bulb temperature of 75.5°F. Over this same period of record, the 0 percent exceedance historical maximum noncoincident wet bulb temperature is 84.8°F; the 100 percent exceedance historical minimum dry bulb temperature is 28.0°F at this station (Reference 207).
The dry bulb temperature component of the maximum dry bulb and coincident wet bulb temperature site characteristic pair is calculated by the 100-year return period maximum dry bulb value. Maximum dry bulb, minimum dry bulb, and maximum wet bulb temperatures corresponding to a 100-year return
2.3-17 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR period were derived through linear regression using annual maximum and minimum dry bulb temperatures, and annual maximum wet bulb temperatures recorded over the 30-year period from 1976 to 2005 at the Homestead AFB station.
Because this 100-year return period dry bulb value is extrapolated from a regression curve on a single parameter, there is no corresponding mean coincident wet bulb temperature. As a result, the coincident wet bulb temperature component had to be derived based on a characteristic relationship between concurrent dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, that is, as the dry bulb temperature continues to increase, there is a point at which the concurrent wet bulb temperature reaches a maximum and thereafter changes little or even decreases. This characteristic is not unique to this location or climatological setting.
Based on the linear regression analyses of these data sets for a 100-year return period, the maximum dry bulb temperature is 103.0°F, the minimum dry bulb temperature is 17.9°F, and the maximum noncoincident wet bulb temperature is 87.4°F. This temperature exceeds the AP1000 DCD site parameter of 86.1°F. The higher maximum safety wet-bulb (noncoincident) air temperature does not affect any safety-related systems, structures, and/or components.
This relationship is exhibited by the annual percent frequency distribution of wet bulb temperature depression for the Miami, Florida, NWS station, as reported in the International Station Meteorological Climate Summary (Reference 235), over the 47-year period from 1949 through 1995.
This type of summary is a bivariate distribution of dry bulb temperatures in 2-degree ranges by wet bulb depression (i.e., the difference between concurrent dry bulb and wet bulb observations), also in 2-degree ranges.The Miami station was used for this analysis since ISMCS data is not available for the Homestead AFB station.
For the Miami NWS station, this threshold dry bulb temperature occurs at about 98°F. A cubic polynomial curve was fit to the concurrent maximum dry bulb and maximum wet bulb temperature pairs extracted from this bivariate distribution at and above this threshold dry bulb value. The equation of the curve is an estimation of the trend where the maximum coincident wet bulb temperature can then be determined as a function of the maximum dry bulb temperature in this upper range of dry bulb values. Based on a 100-year return period maximum dry bulb temperature of 103.0°F, the corresponding wet bulb temperature is estimated to be 75.2°F.
Maximum and Minimum Normal Temperatures Long-term, engineering-related climatological data summaries, prepared by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for the Homestead Air Force Base (AFB) observing station (Reference 207), (except as noted) located approximately 5 miles from the site, are used to characterize maximum and minimum normal dry and wet bulb temperatures for the Turkey Point site.
Based on a 19-year period of record from 1982-2001 at Homestead AFB, the maximum normal dry bulb temperature with a 1.0 percent seasonal (corresponding to 0.4 percent annual) exceedance probability is 91.3°F, with a mean coincident wet bulb temperature of 79.3°F. The maximum normal noncoincident wet bulb temperature with a 1.0 percent seasonal (corresponding to 0.4 percent annual) exceedance probability is 81.5°F (Reference 207). This temperature exceeds the AP1000 DCD site parameter of 80.1°F. The higher maximum normal wet-bulb (noncoincident) air temperature does not affect any safety-related systems, structures, and/or components.
For the same period of record, the minimum dry bulb temperatures with 99.0 percent seasonal (corresponding to 99.6 percent annual) exceedance probability is 46.9°F (Reference 207).
Finally, based on a 19-year period of record from 1982-2001 at Homestead AFB, the maximum dry bulb temperature with a 2.0 percent annual exceedance probability is 89.7°F, with a mean coincident
2.3-18 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR wet bulb temperature of 78.8°F. The same ASHRAE summary for Homestead AFB lists the maximum noncoincident wet bulb temperature with a 2.0 percent annual exceedance probability as 80°F.
Refer to Table 2.0-201 in Section 2.0 of this chapter for a comparison between the applicable site characteristic values and the corresponding air temperature-related site parameter values.
2.3.1.6 Restrictive Dispersion Conditions Atmospheric dispersion can be described as the horizontal and vertical transport and diffusion of pollutants released into the atmosphere. Horizontal and along-wind dispersion is controlled primarily by wind direction variation, wind speed, and atmospheric stability. Subsection 2.3.2.2.1 addresses wind characteristics for the Turkey Point site based on measurements from the pre-application phase, onsite meteorological monitoring program. The persistence of those wind conditions is described in Subsection 2.3.2.2.2.
In general, lower wind speeds represent less-turbulent air flow, which is restrictive to both horizontal and vertical dispersion. And, although wind direction tends to be more variable under lower wind speed conditions (which increases horizontal transport), air parcels containing pollutants often recirculate within a limited area, thereby increasing cumulative exposure.
Major air pollution episodes are usually related to the presence of stagnating high-pressure weather systems (or anticyclones) that influence a region with light and variable wind conditions for four consecutive days or more. An updated air stagnation climatology has been published with data for the continental United States based on over 50 years of observationsfrom 1948 through 1998. In this study, stagnation conditions were defined as four or more consecutive days when meteorological conditions were conductive to poor dispersion. Although interannual frequency varies, the data in Figures 1 and 2 of that report indicate that on average, the Turkey Point site region can expect less than 20 days per year with stagnation conditions, or less than four cases per year, with a mean duration of less than 5 days for each case (Reference 215).
Air stagnation conditions primarily occur during an extended summer season (May through October). This is a result of the weaker pressure and temperature gradients, and therefore weaker wind circulations, during this period (as opposed to the winter season). Based on Wang and Angell Figures 17 to 67, the highest incidence of air stagnation is recorded between July and September, typically reaching its peak during August, when the Bermuda high-pressure system has become established (Reference 215). As the LCD summary in Table 2.3.1-202 for Miami International Airport, Florida, indicates, this 3-month period coincides with the lowest monthly mean wind speeds during the year (Reference 201). Air stagnation is at a relative minimum in the extended summer season during May and June (Reference 215).
The dispersion of air pollutants is also a function of the mixing height. The mixing height (or depth) is defined as the height above the surface through which relatively vigorous vertical mixing takes place.
Lower mixing heights (and wind speeds), therefore, are a relative indicator of more restrictive dispersion conditions. Holzworth reported mean seasonal and annual morning and afternoon mixing heights and wind speeds for the contiguous United States based on observations over the 5-year period from 1960 to 1964 from a network of 62 NWS stations at which daily surface and upper air sounding measurements were routinely made (Reference 236).
However, an interactive, spatial database developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, referred to as the Ventilation Climate Information System, is readily available and provides monthly and annual graphical and tabular summaries of relevant dispersion-related characteristics (e.g., morning and afternoon modeled mixing heights, modeled surface wind speeds, and resultant ventilation indices) (Reference 216). The system, although developed primarily for fire management
2.3-19 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR and related air quality purposes, extends the period of record to climatologically representative durations of 30 to 40 years depending on the parameter.
Table 2.3.1-204 summarizes minimum, maximum, and mean morning and afternoon mixing heights, surface wind speeds, and ventilation indices on a monthly, seasonal, and annual basis for the area of the Turkey Point site. As atmospheric sounding measurements are still only made from a relatively small number of observation stations, these statistics represent model-derived values in the interactive data base for a specific location (Reference 237)in this case, the Turkey Point site. The seasonal and annual values listed in Table 2.3.1-204 were derived as weighted means based on the corresponding monthly values.
From a climatological standpoint, the lowest morning mixing heights occur in the summer and the highest morning mixing heights occur during the spring. As might be expected, the afternoon mixing heights reach a seasonal minimum in the fall and a maximum during the spring due to more intense heating (Reference 216).
The wind speeds listed in Table 2.3.1-204 representing the location of the Units 6 & 7 site are reasonably consistent with the LCD summary for Miami International Airport, Florida, in Table 2.3.1-202, although approximately 0.5 meters per sec (m/sec) lower. Relatively lower daily mean wind speeds (i.e., the average of the morning and afternoon mean values in Table 2.3.1-204) are shown to generally occur during the summer and early fall as in the LCD. (References 201 and 216) This period of minimum wind speeds also coincides with the extended summer season described by Wang and Angell that is characterized by relatively higher air stagnation conditions (Reference 215).
The ventilation index is a measure of the potential of the atmosphere to disperse pollutants and is based on the product of the surface wind speed and the mixing height. Because it uses surface winds instead of higher trajectory winds, the index values represent conservative estimates of ventilation potential. This is more indicative of the dispersion potential near the ground and, therefore, directly relevant to the release heights of the sources evaluated in Subsections 2.3.4 and 2.3.5.
Based on the classification system for ventilation indices (Reference 216), the morning ventilation indices in Table 2.3.1-204 for the area of the Turkey Point area generally indicate marginal ventilation potential on an annual average basis with the exception of spring and fall when the ventilation indices are fair; which is consistent with characteristics reported by Wang and Angell.
Ventilation indices markedly improve during the afternoon with conditions rated as good on an annual average basis and for every season except the summer which is classified as fair (Reference 216). Mean wind speeds do not vary significantly in the site area over the course of the year. As a result, the relatively better ventilation index classifications are attributable to the higher mixing height values, which for the summer season tends to mask the general potential for more restrictive dispersion conditions during the extended summer referred to by Wang and Angell (Reference 215). Nevertheless, the decrease in the ventilation index values between the summer and fall seasons is still evident and consistent with the monthly variations for air stagnation potential described previously.
Ambient air quality conditions in the area of the Turkey Point site are described in Subsection 2.3.2.2.5.
2.3.1.7 Climate Changes Climatic conditions change over time and these changes are cyclical in nature on various time and spatial scales. The timing, magnitude, relative contributions to, and implications of these changes are generally more speculative, and are even more so for specific areas or locations.
2.3-20 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR With regard to the expected 40-year operating license period for Units 6 & 7, it is reasonable to evaluate the record of readily available and well-documented climatological observations of temperature and rainfall (normals, means, and extremes) as they have varied over time (the last 70 to 80 years), and the occurrences of severe weather events, in the context of the plants design bases.
Trends of temperature and rainfall normals are identified over a 70-year period for successive 30-year intervals, updated every 10 years, beginning in 1931 (i.e., 1931-1960, 1941-1970, etc.)
through the most recent normal period (i.e., 1971-2000) in the NCDC publication Climatography of the United States, No. 85 (Reference 218). The publication summarizes these observations for the 344 climate divisions in the 48 contiguous states.
As Subsection 2.3.1.2 indicates, the Turkey Point site is located in climate Division 6 (lower east coast) in the state of Florida (Reference 219). Summaries of successive annual temperature and rainfall normals, as well as the composite 70-year average are provided below for climate Division 6 (Reference 218).
This data indicates a slight cooling trend in the climate division of approximately 0.1°F between 1931-1960 and 1951-1980, with an increase of approximately 0.9°F between the 1951-1980 and 1971-2000 normal periods. In general, total annual rainfall increased by 2.49 inches between the 1961-1990 and 1971-2000 normal periods. A decrease of 2.75 inches occurred between the 1931-1960 and 1961-1990 periods. The latest normal period (1971-2000) is slightly less (0.13 inches) in comparison to the 1931-2000 70-year period (Reference 218).
The preceding values represent variations of average temperature and rainfall conditions over time.
The occurrence of extreme temperature and precipitation events does not necessarily follow the same trends. However, characteristics about the occurrence of such events over time are indicated by the summaries for observed extremes of temperature, and rainfall and snowfall totals recorded in the Turkey Point area (see Table 2.3.1-203).
Individual station records for maximum temperature have been set between 1934 and 2007 (the overall highest value for the site area having been recorded in 1998), that is, no discernible trend for these extremes exists in the site area. Similarly, record-setting 24-hour rainfall totals were established between 1933 and 2005, with station records for total monthly rainfall being set between 1948 and 1999again, no clear trend is evident. Cold air outbreaks that result in overall extreme low temperatures occur infrequently; snowfall in the area of the Turkey Point site is even more rare.
Nevertheless, station records set for these weather types span a range of 54 years (i.e., 1942 to 1995) for record cold and a trace of snowfall recorded once in 58 years (see Table 2.3.1-203).
The occurrence of tropical cyclones within 100 nautical miles of the Turkey Point site has been somewhat cyclical over the available 157-year period of record when considered on a decadal (10-year basis), having reached a peak of 12 such storms during the period 1900-1910, with secondary peaks of 10 tropical cyclone events in the period 1931-1940, 11 during 1941-1950, and Period Temperature (°F)
Rainfall (inches) 1931-2000 74.8 59.79 1931-1960 74.6 59.92 1941-1970 74.5 59.54 1951-1980 74.5 58.28 1961-1990 74.8 57.17 1971-2000 75.4 59.66
2.3-21 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 10 during 1961-1970. In general, the frequency of hurricanes passing within 100 nautical miles of the site has generally decreased since the peak period from 1961-1970. The frequency of tropical storms in recent decades has been less than that during the peak frequency (decades 1900-1910, 1931-1940, 1941-1950 and 1961-1970). On the basis of reported tropical storm wind speeds and barometric pressure, the intensity of tropical storms has been relatively steady since the peak period 1961-1970 (Reference 209). Many of the 24-hour and monthly total rainfall records identified in Table 2.3.1-203 and described in Subsection 2.3.1.3.3 occurred during recent decades. Most of the listed observing stations began operation after the peak tropical cyclone activity; therefore, rainfall records do not reflect data from this period.
In general, the number of recorded tornado events has increased since detailed records were routinely documented beginning around 1950. However, some of this increase is attributable to a growing population, greater public awareness and interest, and technological advances in detection.
These changes are superimposed on normal yearly variations.
The regulatory guidance for evaluating the climatological characteristics of a site from a design basis standpoint is not event-specific, but rather is statistically based and for several parameters includes expected return periods of 100 years or more and probable maximum event concepts. These return periods exceed the expected 40-year operating license period of Units 6 & 7. The design basis characteristics determined previously under Subsection 2.3.1.3 are developed consistent with the intent of that guidance and incorporate the readily available, historical data records for locations considered to be representative of the Turkey Point site.
2.3.1.8 References 201.
National Climatic Data Center, Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary with Comparative Data for Miami International Airport, Florida, February 2009.
202.
National Climatic Data Center, Climatography of the United States, No. 20, Period of Record: 1971-2000, Monthly Station Climate Summaries, NCDC for Flamingo Ranger Station, Fort Lauderdale, Hialeah, Miami Beach, Miami International Airport, Pompano Beach, Royal Palm Ranger Station, Tamiami Trail 40 Mile Bend, and Tavernier, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, NOAA, 2004.
203.
National Climatic Data Center, Climatography of the United States, No. 81, 1971-2000, U.S. Monthly Climate Normals, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, NOAA, February 2002.
204.
Utah Climate Center, Utah State University, Climatological Data Archive, Florida Climate for Pompano Beach, Dania 4 WNW, Flamingo Ranger Station, Hialeah, Homestead Experiment Station, Miami 12 SSW, Miami International Airport, Oasis Ranger Station, Perrine 4W, Royal Palm Ranger Station, and Tavernier. Available at http://climate.usurf.usu.edu/, accessed June 30, 2008.
205.
Southeast Regional Climate Center, Period of Record General Climate Summaries of Temperature and Precipitation for Dania 4 WNW, Flamingo Ranger Station, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station, Hialeah, Homestead Experiment Station, Kendall 2 E, Miami 12 SSW, Oasis Ranger Station, Perrine 4W, Pompano Beach, Royal Palm Ranger Station, Tamiami Trail 40 Mile Bend, Tavernier, South East Regional Climate Center. Available at http://www.sercc.com, accessed August 19, 2008.
206.
Southeast Regional Climate Center, Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary, data listings for Flamingo Ranger Station, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station, Hialeah, Homestead Experiment Station, Kendall 2 E, Miami 12 SSW, Miami
2.3-22 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Beach, Oasis Ranger Station, Perrine 4W, Pompano Beach, Royal Palm Ranger Station, and Tamiami Trail 40 Mile Bend, and Tavernier. Available at http://www.sercc.com/,
accessed June 16, 2008.
207.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, Chap. 28, Climatic Design Conditions, CD-ROM, 2005.
208.
American Society of Civil Engineers and Structural Engineering Institute, ASCE Standard ASCE/SEI 7-05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, Revision of ASCE 7-02, 2006.
209.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center, Historical Hurricane Tracks Storm Query, 1851 through 2007. Available at http://maps.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/reports.jsp, accessed March 1, 2009.
210.
National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Climate Atlas of the United States, Ver. 2.0 (CD-ROM), September 2002.
211.
National Climatic Data Center, Climatography of the United States, No. 60, Climate of Florida, February 2006.
212.
National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events for Florida, Snow, Hail, Ice, and Fog Events for Broward County, Miami-Dade County, Monroe County, Palm Beach County, and Collier County. Available at http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent
~storms, accessed March 1, 2009.
213.
National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events for Florida, Tornado, Waterspout, Drought, and Dust Storm Events for Broward County, Hendry County, Miami-Dade County, Monroe County, Palm Beach County, and Collier County. Available at http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/
cgi-win/wwcgi.dll? wwevent~storms, accessed March 1, 2009.
214.
National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events for Florida, Hurricane and Tropical Storm, Events for Broward County, Miami-Dade County, Monroe County, Palm Beach County, and Collier County. Available at http://www4. ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent
~storms, accessed August 4, 2008.
215.
Wang, J., and J. Angell, Air Stagnation Climatology for the United States (1948-1998),
NOAA, Air Resources Laboratory Atlas No. 1, Air Resources Laboratory, Environmental Research Laboratories, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, April 1999.
216.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Ventilation Climate Information System, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Energy Association Joint Fire Science Program, Monthly Wind Speed and Mixing Height, 2007. Available at http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/airfire/vcis/, accessed July 24, 2008.
217.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seasonal Variation of 10-Square-Mile Probable Maximum Precipitation Extremes, United States East of the 105th Meridian, NOAA Hydrometerological Report No. 53, NUREG/CR-1486, June 1980.
2.3-23 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 218.
National Climatic Data Center, Climatography of the United States, No. 85, Divisional Normals and Standard Deviations of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1971-2000 (and previous normals periods), Section 1, Temperature, and Section 2, Precipitation, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, NOAA, June 15, 2002.
219.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Location of US Climate Divisions, State of Florida. Available at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/USclimate/map.html, accessed August 14, 2008.
220.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Design-Basis Tornado and Tornado Missiles for Nuclear Power Plants, Regulatory Guide 1.76, Rev. 1, March 2007.
221.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Tornado Climatology of the Contiguous United States, NUREG/CR-4461, Rev. 2, PNNL-15112, Rev. 1, February 2007.
222.
Golden, J., An Assessment of Waterspout Frequencies Along the US East and Gulf Coasts, American Meteorological Society, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, pp. 231-236, March 1977.
223.
National Weather Service, About Waterspouts, Forecast Office Miami-South Florida.
Available at www.srh.noaa.gov/mfl/hazards/info/waterspouts.php, accessed August 27, 2008.
224.
National Weather Service, Forecast Office Miami-South Florida, Memorial Web Page for the 1926 Great Miami Hurricane. Available at http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mfl/newpage/
Miami_hurricane.html, accessed November 12, 2008.
225.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Coastal Services Center,. Tropical Storm Reports; Reports for Hurricanes Donna, Andrew, and Katrina, and Tropical Storm Florence, Historical Hurricane Tracks Storm Query, 1851 through 2007. Available at http://maps.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/reports.jsp, accessed September 9, 2008.
226.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Effect of Hurricane Andrew on Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station and Lessons Learned, NRC Information Notice 93-53, July 20, 1993.
227.
National Weather Service, Hurricane Wilma in the Florida Keys, Forecast Office, Miami-Key West, Florida. Available at http://www.srh.noaa.gov/key/HTML/wilma/
wilma.html, accessed November 12, 2008.
228.
Carlson, T., Isentropic Upslope Motion and an Instance of Heavy Rain over Southern Florida, National Hurricane Research Laboratory, Environmental Science Services Administration, Miami, Florida, April 1967.
229.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Central Library, National Oceanic Data Center, U.S. Daily Weather Map Project, Daily Weather Maps for October 13, 14, and 31, 1965. Available at http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/dwm/data_rescue_daily_
weather_maps.html, accessed July 24, 2008.
230.
Linsley, R., Hydrology for Engineers, 2d ed., 1975.
2.3-24 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 231.
National Climatic Data Center, Snow Climatology, Monthly/Seasonal Total Snowfall Amount, Homestead Experiment Station, Florida. Available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ussc/index.jsp, accessed July 14, 2008.
232.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Record of Climatological Observations, Daily Report, January 19, 1977.
233.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Summary of Items of Engineering Interest, Rural Utilities Service, p. 8, August 1998.
234.
National Severe Storms Laboratory, 10-Year U.S. Flash Density (1989-1999 Average U.S. Flashes Per Square Kilometer Per Year), last modified January 10, 2006. Available at http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/primer/lightning/images/ltgflash_density.jpg, accessed July 24, 2008.
235.
U.S. Navy, National Climatic Data Center, U.S. Air Force, International Station Meteorological Climate Summary, jointly produced by the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Detachment, NCDC, and U.S. Air Force Environmental Technical Applications Center OL-A under authority of the Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, Department of the Navy, Department of Commerce, Department of the Air Force, CD-ROM Version 4.0, September 1996.
236.
Holzworth, G., Mixing Heights, Wind Speeds, and Potential for Urban Air Pollution Throughout the Contiguous United States, U.S. EPA, Publication No. AP-101, January 1972.
237.
Ferguson, S. et al., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Assessing Values of Air Quality and Visibility at Risk from Wildland Fires, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Research Paper PNW-RP-550, April 2003.
238.
Landsea, C., J. Franklin, C. McAdie, J. Beven II, J. Gross, R. Pasch, E. Rappaport, J.
Dunion, and P. Dodge, A Reanalysis of Hurricane Andrews Intensity, Bull. Amer. Meteor.
Soc. Vol. 85, No. 11, pp. 1699-1712, 2004.
239.
Blake, E., E. Rappaport, and C. Landsea, The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2006 (and Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts), NOAA Technical Memorandum, 2007.
240.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Design-Basis Hurricane and Hurricane Missiles for Nuclear Power Plants, Regulatory Guide 1.221, Rev. 0, October 2011.
2.3-25 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.1-201 NWS and Cooperative Observing Stations Near the Units 6 & 7 Site Station County Approximate Distance (miles)
Direction Relative to Site Elevation (feet)
Dania 4 WNW Broward 46 NNE 10 Flamingo Ranger Station Monroe 41 SW 3
Fort Lauderdale Broward 47 NNE 16 Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station Broward 46 N
10 Hialeah Miami-Dade 27 N
12 Homestead Experiment Station Miami-Dade 12 NW 11 Kendall 2 E Miami-Dade 18 NNE 20 Miami Beach Miami-Dade 28 NE 5
Miami 12 SSW(a)
(a)
Period of record: 1933-1958 Miami-Dade 16 NNE 10 Miami 12 SSW(b)
(b)
Period of record: 1958-1988 Miami-Dade 16 NNE 10 Miami International Airport(c)
(c)
National Weather Service First-Order Station Miami-Dade 25 N
29 Oasis Ranger Station Collier 53 NW 8
Perrine 4 W Miami-Dade 13 NNW 10 Pompano Beach Broward 57 NNE 15 Royal Palm Ranger Station Miami-Dade 17 WSW 7
Tamiami Trail 40-Mile Bend Miami-Dade 38 NW 15 Tavernier Monroe 31 SSW 7
2.3-26 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.1-202 Local Climatological Data Summary for Miami, Florida NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES MIAMI (KMIA)
LATITUDE:
25 ° 49'N LONGITUDE:
-80 ° 17'W ELEVATION (FT):
GRND: 6 BARO: 29 TIME ZONE:
EASTERN (UTC -5)
WBAN: 12839 TEMPERATURE °F H/C RH S
W/O CLOUDNESS PR WINDS PRECIPITATION SNOWFALL ELEMENT POR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC YEAR NORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM YEAR OF OCCURRENCE MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.
NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM MEAN DAILY MINIMUM LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM YEAR OF OCCURRENCE MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.
NORMAL DRY BULB MEAN DRY BULB MEAN WET BULB MEAN DEW POINT NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
MAXIMUM >= 90 MAXIMUM <= 32 MINIMUM <= 32 MINIMUM <= 0 NORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS NORMAL (PERCENT)
HOUR 01 LST HOUR 07 LST HOUR 13 LST HOUR 19 LST PERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
HEAVY FOG(VISBY <= 1/4 MI)
THUNDERSTORMS MEAN:
SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)
MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)
MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
CLEAR PARTLY CLOUDY CLOUDY MEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)
MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)
MEAN SPEED (MPH)
PREVAIL.DIR(TENS OF DEGS)
MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
SPEED (MPH)
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE MAXIMUM 3-SECOND SPEED (MPH)
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE NORMAL (IN)
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
PRECIPITATION >= 0.01 PRECIPITATION >= 1.00 NORMAL (IN)
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE' MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
SNOWFALL >= 1.0 30 61 66 61 30 61 66 61 30 61 25 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 20 45 61 48 32 47 47 47 25 25 25 40 12 12 30 66 66 66 30 30 30 5
59 53 30 76.5 75.7 88 1987 83.5 59.6 59.7 30 1985 42.4 68.1 67.7 62.0 59.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 52 133 73 81 85 59 70 66 0.9 0.9 4.3 3.8 9.2 13.1 8.7 30.10 30.12 8.9 35 30 09 1998 40 26 2004 1.88 6.66 1969 0.04 1951 2.68 1973 7.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 77.7 77.1 89 2008 85.3 60.5 61.1 32 1947 45.8 69.1 69.1 63.3 60.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39 154 71 80 84 57 68 68 0.6 1.1 4.2 3.8 8.6 12.1 7.6 30.07 30.09 9.2 12 55 19 1998 104 19 1998 2.07 8.07 1983 0.01 1944 5.73 1966 6.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 80.7 79.8 93 2003 87.7 64.0 64.4 32 1980 49.3 72.4 72.2 64.8 61.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 15 236 70 78 82 56 66 74 0.5 1.8 4.3 3.8 8.5 14.1 8.3 30.04 30.06 10.1 12 43 26 2003 51 26 2003 2.56 10.57 1986 0.02 1956 7.07 1949 6.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 83.8 82.7 96 1971 90.0 67.6 68.0 46 1971 56.7 75.7 75.4 66.7 63.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1
315 67 76 79 54 64 76 0.4 2.8 4.2 3.5 8.4 14.9 6.7 30.00 30.02 9.8 11 37 16 2008 52 15 2008 3.36 17.29 1979 0.05 1981 16.21 1979 6.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 87.2 85.9 96 2008 91.3 72.0 72.0 53 1945 64.2 79.6 79.0 71.1 68.3 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
442 71 79 80 58 69 72 0.2 6.3 4.6 4.1 6.3 15.3 9.3 29.98 30.00 9.1 09 43 10 1999 63 33 1998 5.52 18.54 1968 0.44 1965 11.59 1977 10.3 1.4 0.0 T
1998 T
1998 0
0.0 89.5 88.1 98 1985 92.8 75.2 74.9 60 1984 70.0 82.4 81.6 75.0 73.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
510 76 83 83 65 74 68 0.2 12.5 5.4 4.9 3.1 14.3 12.6 30.00 30.02 7.8 12 41 14 2007 53 14 2007 8.54 22.36 1968 1.81 1945 8.20 1977 15.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 90.9 89.6 98 1998 93.4 76.5 76.5 69 2002 72.1 83.7 83.0 76.0 73.9 18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
568 74 82 83 63 72 72 0.1 14.6 5.1 4.4 2.6 17.4 11.0 30.04 30.06 7.6 12 41 10 2005 55 04 2008 5.79 13.51 1947 1.77 1963 4.67 2003 16.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 90.6 89.9 98 1990 93.8 76.5 76.6 68 1950 72.3 83.6 83.3 76.4 74.4 16.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
568 76 83 85 65 75 71 0.1 15.4 5.1 4.4 2.5 17.8 10.7 29.99 30.01 7.4 11 60 13 2005 78 12 2005 8.63 16.88 1943 1.65 1954 6.92 1964 18.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 89.0 88.3 97 1987 92.3 75.7 75.9 68 1983 71.9 82.4 82.1 75.8 74.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
517 78 84 87 66 77 70 0.2 11.4 5.3 4.7 2.1 15.5 12.4 29.94 29.96 7.8 11 43 10 1998 51 28 2004 8.38 24.40 1960 2.63 1951 7.58 1960 17.4 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 85.4 85.0 95 1980 89.8 72.2 72.4 51 1943 63.0 78.8 78.7 72.3 70.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
433 75 82 85 63 73 70 0.3 4.3 4.6 4.0 6.6 14.3 10.1 29.96 29.98 8.9 06 69 15 2005 92 15 2005 6.19 21.64 1991 0.72 2002 12.66 2000 13.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 81.2 80.5 91 2002 86.0 67.5 66.6 39 1950 52.6 74.4 73.6 67.9 65.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4
291 74 81 84 63 72 67 0.5 1.0 4.3 3.8 7.5 14.0 8.5 30.03 30.05 9.3 10 36 18 1998 44 31 1998 3.43 13.84 1992 0.09 1970 8.01 1992 9.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 77.5 77.0 87 1989 83.7 62.2 61.9 30 1989 45.5 69.9 69.5 64.1 61.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 38 194 73 80 84 60 71 63 0.7 0.6 4.2 3.6 8.9 12.9 9.1 30.08 30.10 8.6 35 29 22 1997 40 23 1997 2.18 6.39 1958 0.12 1988 5.26 2000 7.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
0.0 84.2 83.3 98 JUL 1998 89.1 69.1 69.2 30 DEC 1989 58.8 76.7 76.3 69.6 67.1 65.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 149 4361 73 81 83 61 71 70 4.7 72.7 4.6 4.1 74.3 175.7 115.0 30.02 30.04 8.7 12 69 15 OCT 2005 104 19 FEB 1998 58.53 24.40 SEP 1960 0.01 FEB 1944 16.21 APR 1979 134.5 16.6 0.0 T
MAY 1998 T
MAY 1998 0
0.0 published by: NCDC Asheville, NC 3
30 year Normals (1971-2000)
2.3-27 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.1-203 (Sheet 1 of 2)
Climatological Extremes at Selected NWS and Cooperative Observing Stations in the Area of Units 6 & 7 Station Maximum Temperature
(°F)
Minimum Temperature
(°F)
Maximum 24-Hour Rainfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Rainfall (inches)
Maximum 24-Hour Snowfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Snowfall (inches)
Dania 4 WNW 96(a)(b)
(10/03/65) 42(a)(b)
(11/19/51) 9.5(a)(b)
(10/30/69) 22.0(a)(b)
(09/60) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Flamingo Ranger Station 104(c)
(06/24/98) 25(c)
(12/25/89) 8.2(c)
(08/18/81) 24.7(c)
(05/75) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Fort Lauderdale 99(c)
(07/13/80) 28(c)
(01/20/77) 14.6(c)
(04/25/79) 24.4(c)
(06/92) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station 100(a)(b)
(06/24/77) 26(a)(b)
(01/20/77) 11.5(a)(b)
(04/25/79) 21.3(a)(b)
(06/66) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Hialeah 100(c)
(07/10/98) 28(c)
(01/13/81) 10.0(c)
(05/05/77) 31.9(c)
(06/99) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Homestead Experiment Station 100 (a)(b)(d)
(06/24/44) 26(a)(b)(e)
(02/16/43) 11.5(a)(b)
(10/05/33) 27.3(a)(b)
(08/81)
T(a)(b)
(01/19/77)
T(a)(b)
(01/77)
Kendall 2 E N/A N/A 9.8(a)(b)
(05/25/58) 23.2(a)(b)
(08/73) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Miami Beach 98(c)
(08/29/99) 32(c)
(12/24/89) 8.4(c)
(09/23/60) 17.5(c)
(05/84) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Miami 12 SSW POR 1933-1958 98(a)(b)(f)
(06/18/34) 28(a)(b)(g)
(02/06/47) 7.6(a)(b)
(09/22/48) 23.8(a)(b)
(09/48) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Miami 12 SSW POR 1958-1988 97(a)(b)(h)
(08/10/87) 25(a)(b)
(01/20/77) 10.1(a)(b)
(09/10/60) 27.5(a)(b)
(09/60) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Miami International Airport 98(i)(j)
(07/03/98) 30(i)(k)
(12/25/89) 14.9(i)
(04/25/79) 24.4k(i)
(09/60) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Oasis Ranger Station 103(a)(b)
(06/18/81) 26(a)(b)(l)
(02/16/91) 8.1(a)(b)
(08/24/95) 24.2(a)(b)
(06/99) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Perrine 4 W 98(a)(b)
(07/04/98) 29(a)(b)
(12/24/89) 15.1(a)(b)
(08/26/05) 29.5(a)(b)
(09/60) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Pompano Beach 101(a)
(07/16/81) 21(a)
(02/09/95) 12.7(a)
(10/15/65) 34.4(a)(b)
(10/65) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
Royal Palm Ranger Station 102(a)(m)
(04/28/07) 24(a)
(01/20/77) 9.6(a)
(06/09/97) 25.5(a)(b)
(06/69) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
2.3-28 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Tamiami Trail 40-Mile Bend 102(a)
(06/17/81) 28(a)(n)
(12/25/89) 7.5(a)(o)
(10/16/99) 23.5(a)(b)
(06/69) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
Tavernier 98(a)(p)
(09/03/03) 35(a)(q)
(12/24/89) 13.8(a)
(06/02/82) 21.8(a)(b)
(06/67) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
(a)
Subsection 2.3.2, Reference 206 (b)
Subsection 2.3.2, Reference 204 (c)
Subsection 2.3.2, Reference 202 (d)
Occurs on multiple dates: 07/21/42; 06/24/44 (most recent date shown in table).
(e)
Occurs on multiple dates: 12/13/34; 03/02/41; 02/16/43 (most recent date shown in table)
(f)
Occurs on multiple dates: 07/09/32; 06/18/34 (most recent date shown in table)
(g)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/28/40; 02/06/47 (most recent date shown in table)
(h)
Occurs on multiple dates: 05/01/71; 06/25/87 (most recent date shown in table)
(i)
Subsection 2.3.2, Reference 201 (j)
Occurs on multiple dates: 06/04/85; 07/03/98; 08/01/90 (most recent date shown in table)
(k)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/22/85; 12/25/89 (most recent date shown in table)
(l)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/12/89; 12/25/89; 02/16/91 (most recent date shown in table)
(m) Occurs on multiple dates: 07/22/96; 04/28/07 (most recent date shown in table)
(n)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/22/85; 12/25/89 (most recent date shown in table)
(o)
Occurs on multiple dates: 09/23/48; 10/16/99 (most recent date shown in table)
(p)
Occurs on multiple dates: 08/14/57; 09/03/63 (most recent date shown in table)
(q)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/13/81;12/24/89 (most recent date shown in table)
N/A Not Available. This parameter is not measured at this station.
T Trace Table 2.3.1-203 (Sheet 2 of 2)
Climatological Extremes at Selected NWS and Cooperative Observing Stations in the Area of Units 6 & 7 Station Maximum Temperature
(°F)
Minimum Temperature
(°F)
Maximum 24-Hour Rainfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Rainfall (inches)
Maximum 24-Hour Snowfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Snowfall (inches)
2.3-29 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.1-204 Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Morning and Afternoon Mixing Heights and Wind Speeds for the Area of Units 6 & 7 Period Statistic(a)
(a)
Monthly minimum, maximum and mean values are based directly on summaries available from USDA
- Forest Service Ventilation Climate Information System (VCIS) (Reference 216). Seasonal and annual mean values represent weighted averages based on the number of days in the appropriate months.
Mixing Height (m, AGL)(b)
(b)
AGL = above ground level.
Wind Speed -
(m/sec)
Ventilation Index (m2/sec)(c)
(c)
Classifications of ventilation potential from Ventilation Index: P = Poor (0 to 1175 m2/sec); M = Marginal (1176 to 2350 m2/sec); F = Fair (2351 to 3525 m2/sec); G = Good (> 3525 m2/sec).
AM PM AM PM AM PM January Min Max Mean 252 863 522 858 1400 1105 2.7 4.7 3.5 2.4 4.5 3.2 626 (P) 4674 (G) 2094 (M) 2890 (F) 5724 (G) 3644 (G)
February Min Max Mean 359 1012 599 910 1458 1239 2.5 4.6 3.5 2.2 4.4 3.3 850 (P) 4510 (G) 2462 (F) 2771 (F) 5732 (G) 4129 (G)
March Min Max Mean 406 1010 681 1043 1552 1311 2.8 4.8 3.5 2.6 4.6 3.3 1237 (M) 4872 (G) 2797 (F) 3189 (G) 6700 (G) 4394 (G)
April Min Max Mean 272 1056 668 1128 1689 1412 2.5 4.4 3.3 2.2 4.0 3.1 946 (P) 4897 (G) 2549 (F) 3397 (F) 5894 (G) 4342 (G)
May Min Max Mean 327 1224 688 881 1618 1338 2.1 4.6 3.1 2.2 4.3 2.9 1032 (P) 5564 (G) 2573 (F) 2566 (F) 5814 (G) 3981 (G)
June Min Max Mean 327 928 577 725 1464 1165 1.8 4.1 3.1 2.2 4.3 2.9 945 (P) 4094 (G) 2019 (M) 1798 (M) 5256 (G) 3141 (F)
July Min Max Mean 240 788 474 806 1547 1234 1.8 4.6 2.8 1.9 4.0 2.7 451 (P) 2946 (F) 1597 (M) 1742 (M) 4644 (G) 3423 (F)
August Min Max Mean 254 774 478 958 1489 1237 2.1 4.4 2.3 2.1 4.0 2.8 824 (P) 3675 (G) 1705 (M) 2431 (F) 5225 (G) 3598 (G)
September Min Max Mean 234 952 541 868 1430 1139 2.5 4.8 3.4 2.2 5.0 3.2 721 (P) 4502 (G) 2107 (M) 1894 (M) 6092 (G) 3755 (G)
October Min Max Mean 376 1076 607 868 1556 1184 2.4 4.6 3.6 2.7 4.6 3.6 1433 (M) 4883 (G) 2612 (F) 2325 (M) 6145 (G) 4371 (G)
November Min Max Mean 343 981 606 768 1406 1138 2.5 5.0 3.6 2.7 4.7 3.4 1296 (M) 5789 (G) 2598 (F) 2440 (F) 5596 (G) 3992 (G)
December Min Max Mean 292 970 569 886 1486 1128 2.2 4.7 3.4 2.3 5.1 3.4 769 (P) 4723 (G) 2376 (F) 2437 (F) 5386 (G) 3926 (G)
Winter Spring Summer Fall Annual Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean 563 679 510 585 584 1157 1354 1212 1154 1219 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.4 3.1 2306 (M) 2641 (F) 1771 (M) 2441 (F) 2291 (M) 3892 (G) 4238 (G) 3390 (F) 4043 (G) 3891 (G)
2.3-30 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.1-201 Climatological Observing Stations Near Units 6 & 7 C o l l i e r C o l l i e r M i a m i - D a d e M i a m i - D a d e B r o w a r d B r o w a r d M o n r o e M o n r o e H e n d r y H e n d r y P a l m B e a c h P a l m B e a c h 50-Mile Elevation Low:
-2.49 feet 50-Mile Elevation High:86.12 feet Hialeah Tavernier Perrine 4 W Miami Beach Dania 4 WNW Kendall 2 E Miami 12 SSW Pompano Beach Fort Lauderdale Oasis Ranger Stn Homestead Exp Stn FWYF1 Flowery Rocks Royal Palm Ranger Stn Fort Lauderdale Exp Stn Flamingo Ranger Station Tamiami Trail 40 Mi Bend Miami International Airport 80°0'0"W 80°0'0"W 81°0'0"W 81°0'0"W 26°0'0"N 26°0'0"N 25°0'0"N 25°0'0"N Overview Map GIS Map Code: US-TURK-000081-R000I Horizontal Datum: North American Datum 1983 Vertical Datum: North American Vertical Datum 1988 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 17 North Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 Miami Tampa Jacksonville Tallahassee 75 10 95 275 F l o r i d a G e o r g i a A l a b a m a 0
20 40 60 10 KM 0
10 20 30 5
Miles Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 Legend Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 Meteorological Station Elevation Locations 50-Mile Radius County Boundary Elevation Sea Level 1 - 10 ft 11 - 20 ft 21 - 30 ft 31 - 40 ft 41 - 50 ft 51 - 60 ft 61 - 70 ft 71 - 80 ft 81 - 90 ft
2.3-31 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.2 Local Meteorology This subsection addresses various meteorological and climatological characteristics of the site and vicinity around the Units 6 & 7 site.
Subsection 2.3.2.1 identifies data resources used to develop the climatological descriptions and introduces information about the onsite meteorological monitoring program used to characterize site-specific atmospheric dispersion conditions.
Additionally, information presented in Subsection 2.3.2.1 has site-specific characteristics related to atmospheric transport and diffusion, based on measurements from the onsite meteorological monitoring program operated in support of Units 6 & 7, that are detailed, respectively, in Subsections 2.3.2.1.1 and 2.3.2.1.2 (wind speed and wind direction, and wind direction persistence) and in Subsection 2.3.2.1.3 (atmospheric stability).
Climatological normals, means and extremes (temperature, rainfall, snowfall, and fog), based on long-term records from nearby observing stations, are addressed in Subsections 2.3.2.1.4 through 2.3.2.1.7 and are evaluated to substantiate that observations are representative of conditions that might be expected to occur at the Units 6 & 7 site.
Subsection 2.3.2.2 addresses the potential influence the plant and its related facilities on local meteorology. Included in this description are the effects of changes in local topography, heat dissipation, and a description of current and future air quality conditions based on Units 6 & 7 operation.
Finally, Subsection 2.3.2.3 describes the local meteorological conditions for the design and operating bases of Units 6 & 7.
2.3.2.1 Normal, Mean, and Extreme Values of Meteorological Parameters The primary sources of data used to characterize local meteorological and climatological conditions representative of the Units 6 & 7 site include long-term summaries from the first-order National Weather Service (NWS) Station at Miami International Airport, Florida, and other nearby cooperative network observing stations. Table 2.3.1-201 identifies the offsite observing stations, including the station at Miami International Airport and others, and provides the approximate distance and direction of each station relative to the Units 6 & 7 site. Station locations are shown in Figure 2.3.1-201.
The NWS and cooperative observing station summaries were used to characterize climatological normals (30-year averages), and period-of-record means and extremes of temperature, rainfall, and snowfall in the vicinity of the site for Units 6 & 7. In addition, first-order NWS stations record hourly measurements (typically) of other weather elements, including winds, relative humidity, dew point, and wet bulb temperatures, as well as other observations (e.g., fog, thunderstorms). This information was based on the following resources:
2008 Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary with Comparative Data for Miami, Florida (Reference 201)
Climatography of the United States, No. 20, 1971-2000, Monthly Station Climate Summaries (Reference 202)
Climatography of the United States, No. 81, 1971-2000, U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (Reference 203)
2.3-32 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR
Period of Record General and Monthly Climate Summaries for Cooperative Reporting Stations in the southeastern United States, Southeast Regional Climate Center (Reference 204)
Utah Climate Center, Utah State University, Climate Data Base for Florida (Reference 206)
Measurements from the tower-mounted meteorological monitoring system that currently supports Units 3 & 4specifically, wind direction, wind speed, and atmospheric stabilityare the basis for determining and characterizing atmospheric dispersion conditions in the vicinity of the site. The data from this monitoring program, used to support Units 6 & 7, includes measurements taken over the three-year period of record during 2002, 2005, and 2006.
Refer to Subsection 2.3.3 for a description of relevant details about the tower location; terrain features and elevations at the meteorological tower and in the vicinity of Units 6 & 7; instrumentation and measurement levels; data recording and processing; system operation, maintenance, and calibration activities.
Wind and atmospheric stability characteristics, based on meteorological data obtained from the monitoring program operated in support of Units 6 & 7, are described in Subsections 2.3.2.2.1 through 2.3.2.2.3. This site-specific data also provides input to dispersion modeling analyses of impacts, at onsite and offsite receptor locations, because of accidental and routine radiological releases to the atmosphere (see Subsections 2.3.4 and 2.3.5).
Summaries of normals, and period-of-record means and/or extremes for several standard weather elementsthat is, temperature, atmospheric water vapor, precipitation, and fog are provided in Subsections 2.3.2.1.4 through 2.3.2.1.7, respectively.
2.3.2.1.1 Average Wind Direction and Wind Speed Conditions The distribution of wind direction and wind speed is an important consideration when characterizing the dispersion climatology of a site. Long-term average wind motions at the macro-and synoptic scales (on the order of several thousand down to several hundred kilometers) are influenced by the general circulation patterns of the atmosphere at the macro-scale and by large-scale topographic features (land-water interfaces such as coastal areas). These characteristics are addressed in Subsection 2.3.1.2.
Site-specific or micro-scale (on the order of 2 kilometers or less) wind conditions, while they may reflect these larger-scale circulation effects, are influenced primarily by local and, to a lesser extent (in general), by meso-or regional-scale (up to approximately 200 kilometers), topographic features.
Wind measurements at these smaller scales are currently available from the meteorological monitoring program operated in support of Units 3 & 4 and, for comparison, from data recorded at the nearby Miami International Airport, NWS Station.
Subsection 2.3.3 includes a description of the monitoring program that provides the onsite meteorological data used. Wind direction and wind speed measurements were made at 10 meters and at 60 meters on a 60-meter instrumented tower.
Figures 2.3.2-201 through 2.3.2-205 present annual and seasonal wind rose plots for the 10-meter level, i.e., graphical distributions of the direction from which the wind is blowing and wind speeds for each of 16, 22.5-degree compass sectors centered on north, north-northeast, and northeast, etc., for the 10-meter level based on measurements during 2002, 2005, and 2006. Figure 2.3.2-206 (Sheets 1 to 12) presents monthly wind rose plots for the 10-meter level during the same period 2002, 2005, and 2006.
2.3-33 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR The annual wind direction distribution at the 10-meter level generally follows an easterly orientation on an annual basis (see Figure 2.3.2-201). The prevailing wind (the direction from which the wind blows most often) is from the east: with approximately 41 percent of the winds blowing from the east-northeast through east-southeast sectors. Conversely, winds from the west-southwest through west-northwest sectors occur approximately 7 percent of the time.
Winds from the east direction predominate during the spring, summer and autumn months (see Figures 2.3.2-203, 2.3.2-204, and 2.3.2-205). During the winter, the relative frequency of north-northwest winds during this season is greater (see Figure 2.3.2-202) because of increased cold frontal passages. Winds from the north-northwest quadrant predominate during the winter months (see Figure 2.3.2-202).
Annual and seasonal wind rose plots based on measurements at the 60-meter level are shown in Figures 2.3.2-207 through 2.3.2-211. By comparison, wind direction distributions for the 60-meter level are fairly similar to the 10-meter level wind roses on composite annual and seasonal bases in terms of the predominant directional quadrants and variation over the course of the year. Prevailing winds differ between the two levels by one adjacent direction sector, generally veering (turning clockwise) with height as might be expected. Plots of individual monthly wind roses at the 60-meter measurement level are presented in Figure 2.3.2-212 (Sheets 1 to 12).
Wind information summarized in the local climatological data (LCD) for the Miami International Airport Station (see Table 2.3.1-202) indicates a prevailing east-southeasterly wind direction on an annual basis, as well as seasonal variations (Reference 201), that appear to be similar to the 10-meter level wind flow at the Turkey Point site. Differences between the two wind direction distributions are attributable to many factors: topographic setting; sensor exposure; instrument threshold and accuracy, and length of record.
Table 2.3.2-201 summarizes seasonal and annual mean wind speeds based on measurements from the upper and lower levels of the meteorological tower operated in support of Units 6 & 7 over the 3-year period of record 2002, 2005, and 2006 and from wind instrumentation at the Miami International Airport Station based on a 24-year period of record (Reference 201). The elevation of the wind instruments at the Miami International Airport Station is nominally 33 feet above the ground surface (10 meters), comparable to the lower (10-meter) level measurements at the Turkey Point site.
On an annual basis, mean wind speeds at the 10- and 60-meter levels are 3.8 and 5.6 meters/second, respectively, at the Turkey Point site. The annual mean wind speed at Miami International Airport (3.9 meters/second) is similar to the 10-meter level at the Turkey Point site, differing by only 0.10 meters/second. Seasonal average wind speeds at Miami International Airport are higher throughout the year except during summer when speeds average approximately 0.07 meters/second lower than those at the Turkey Point site. Seasonal mean wind speeds for both locations follow the same pattern described in Subsection 2.3.1.6 in relation to the seasonal variation of relatively higher air stagnation and restrictive dispersion conditions in the site region.
There were few calm winds recorded by the meteorological monitoring system at the 10-meter level and the 60-meter level during the annual periods in 2002, 2005, and 2006. [Note: Wind speeds greater than 0.5 mph (starting threshold of sensor) are considered non-calm winds. However, 42 hours4.861111e-4 days <br />0.0117 hours <br />6.944444e-5 weeks <br />1.5981e-5 months <br /> of actual calm conditions occurred over the 2002, 2005, and 2006 periods. These hours, however, were not considered valid and were not used in the meteorological data set.]
2.3.2.1.2 Wind Direction Persistence Wind direction persistence is a relative indicator of the duration of atmospheric transport from a specific sector-width to a corresponding downwind sector-width that is 180 degrees opposite.
2.3-34 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Atmospheric dilution is directly proportional to the wind speed (other factors remaining constant).
When combined with wind speed, a wind direction persistence/wind speed distribution further indicates the downwind sectors with relatively more or less dilution potential (higher or lower wind speeds, respectively) associated with a given transport wind direction.
Tables 2.3.2-202 and 2.3.2-203 present wind direction persistence/wind speed distributions (in hours) based on measurements from the Units 6 & 7 monitoring program for the 3-year period of record from 2002, 2005, and 2006. The distributions account for durations ranging from 1 to 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> for wind directions from 22.5-degree upwind sectors centered on each of the 16 standard compass radials (i.e., north, north-northeast, northeast, etc.) and for wind speed groups greater than or equal to 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mph. Distributions are provided for wind measurements made at the lower (10-meter) and the upper (60-meter) tower levels, respectively, identified in the preceding subsection.
At the 10-meter level, the longest persistence period is 36 hours4.166667e-4 days <br />0.01 hours <br />5.952381e-5 weeks <br />1.3698e-5 months <br /> for winds from the east-northeast and southeast sectors (see Table 2.3.2-202). This duration appears only in the lowest two wind speed groups for wind speeds greater than or equal to 5 and 10 mph. Persistence periods lasting for at least 30 hours3.472222e-4 days <br />0.00833 hours <br />4.960317e-5 weeks <br />1.1415e-5 months <br /> are indicated for several direction sectors for wind speeds greater than or equal to 5 mph, including winds from the northeast, east-northeast, east, and southeast. For wind speeds greater than or equal to 20 mph, maximum persistence is limited to 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> from the southeast.
At the 60-meter level, the longest persistence period is 36 hours4.166667e-4 days <br />0.01 hours <br />5.952381e-5 weeks <br />1.3698e-5 months <br /> and occurs for winds from three different direction sectors which include northeast, east-northeast, and north-northwest (see Table 2.3.2-203) for wind speeds greater than or equal to 5 mph and for wind speeds greater than or equal to 10 mph. Winds occur from one sector (i.e., northeast) for wind speeds greater than or equal to 15 mph and for wind speeds greater than or equal to 20 mph for a 36 hour4.166667e-4 days <br />0.01 hours <br />5.952381e-5 weeks <br />1.3698e-5 months <br /> period. For wind speeds greater than or equal to 25 mph, maximum persistence periods are limited to 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> for winds from the northeast and east-southeast sectors.
2.3.2.1.3 Atmospheric Stability Atmospheric stability is a relative indicator for the potential diffusion of pollutants released into the ambient air. Atmospheric stability, as described in this FSAR, was based on the delta-temperature (T) method defined in Table 1 of RG 1.23.
The approach classifies stability based on the temperature change with height (i.e., the difference in
°C per 100 meters). Stability classifications are assigned according to the following criteria:
The diffusion capacity is greatest for extremely unstable conditions and decreases progressively through the remaining unstable, neutral, and stable classifications.
Extremely Unstable (Class A)
T
-1.9°C
Moderately Unstable (Class B) -1.9°C
< T
-1.7°C
Slightly Unstable (Class C)
-1.7°C
< T
-1.5°C
Neutral Stability (Class D)
-1.5°C
< T
-0.5°C
Slightly Stable (Class E)
-0.5°C
< T
+1.5°C
Moderately Stable (Class F)
+1.5°C
< T
+4.0°C
Extremely Stable (Class G)
+4.0°C
< T
2.3-35 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR For the 3-year period of record from 2002, 2005, and 2006, T was determined from the difference between temperature measurements made at the 60- and 10-meter tower levels. Seasonal and annual frequencies of atmospheric stability class and associated 10-meter level mean wind speeds for this period of record are presented in Table 2.3.2-204.
The data indicates a predominance of neutral stability (Class D) and slightly stable (Class E) conditions throughout the year, 28.5 percent and 36.5 percent of the time for these stability classes, respectively, and 65 percent combined. Extremely unstable conditions (Class A) are more frequent during the spring and occur least often during the summer and autumn months. Such extremely unstable conditions are attributed to relatively lower mean wind speeds and greater insolation in the summer and higher mean wind speeds and lesser insolation in the spring extremely stable conditions (Class G) are most frequent during the winter (approximately 10 percent of the time), owing in part to increased radiational cooling at night, and occur least often during the summer months.
Joint frequency distributions of wind speed and wind direction by atmospheric stability class and for stability classes combined for the 10-meter and 60-meter wind measurement levels are presented in Tables 2.3.2-205 and 2.3.2-206, respectively, based on the 3-year period of record from 2002, 2005, and 2006. The 10-meter level joint frequency distributions are used to evaluate short-term dispersion estimates for accidental atmospheric releases (see Subsection 2.3.4) and long-term diffusion estimates of routine releases to the atmosphere (see Subsection 2.3.5).
2.3.2.1.4 Temperature Mean monthly normal annual temperatures are based on the average of the mean monthly maximum and minimum temperature values. Annual mean monthly normal temperatures over the site area range from 73.8°F at the Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station (approximately 46 miles north of Units 6
& 7) to 78.4°F at the Hialeah Station (approximately 27 miles to the north) (see Table 2.3.2-207).
Likewise, the mean monthly diurnal (day-to-night) temperature ranges, as indicated by the differences between the mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, are fairly comparable, ranging from 9.0°F at Miami Beach (approximately 28 miles to the northeast of the site) to 19.8°F at the Oasis Ranger Station (approximately 53 miles to the northwest) (Reference 205). The breadth of this range reflects each stations proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Miami Beach is located directly on the coast (less temperature variability because of maritime influence), while Homestead Experiment Station is located further inland.
On a monthly basis, the 2008 LCD summary for Miami International Airport, Florida, indicates that the daily maximum normal temperature is highest during July (90.9°F) and August (90.6°F) and reaches a minimum in January (76.5°F) (Reference 201).
Extreme maximum temperatures recorded in the vicinity of the site for Units 6 & 7 have ranged from 96°F to 104°F, with the highest reading observed at the Flamingo Ranger Station (approximately 41 miles to the southwest) on June 24, 1998. As Table 2.3.2-208 and the accompanying description show, individual station extreme maximum temperature records were set at Oasis Ranger Station and Tamiami Trail 40-Mile Bend on adjacent dates in June 1981 (References 202 and 204).
Extreme minimum temperatures in the vicinity of the site for Units 6 & 7 have ranged from 21°F to 42°F, with the lowest reading on record observed at the Pompano Beach Station (approximately 57 miles to the north-northeast) on February 9, 1995. More noteworthy, though, Table 2.3.2-208 and the accompanying notes indicate that record low temperatures were also set at Miami Beach, Miami International Airport, Flamingo Ranger Station, Oasis Ranger Station, Perrine 4 W, Tamiami Trail 40-Mile Bend, and Tavernier on December 24-25, 1989 (References 202 and 204).
2.3-36 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR The extreme maximum and minimum temperature data indicates that synoptic-scale conditions responsible for periods of record-setting excessive heat as well as significant cold air outbreaks tend to affect the overall area at theTurkey Point site. The similarity of the respective extremes and their dates of occurrence suggest that these statistics are reasonably representative of the temperature extremes that might be expected to be observed at the site for Units 6 & 7.
2.3.2.1.5 Atmospheric Water Vapor Based on a 25-year period of record, the LCD summary for Miami International Airport (see Table 2.3.1-202) indicates that the mean annual wet bulb temperature is 69.6°F, with a seasonal maximum during the summer months June through September, and a seasonal minimum during the winter months December through February. The highest monthly mean wet bulb temperature is 76.4°F in August (only slightly less during July); the lowest monthly mean value (62°F) occurs during January (Reference 201).
The LCD summary shows a mean annual dew point temperature of 67.1°F, also reaching its seasonal maximum and minimum during the summer and winter, respectively. The highest monthly mean dew point temperature is 74.4°F in August. The lowest monthly mean dew point temperature (59.1°F) occurs during January (Reference 201).
The 30-year normal daily relative humidity averages 73 percent on an annual basis, typically reaching its diurnal maximum in the early morning hours (approximately 0700 local standard time) and its diurnal minimum during the early afternoon hours (1300 local standard time). There is less variability in this daily pattern with the passage of weather systems, persistent cloud cover, and precipitation. Nevertheless, this diurnal pattern is evident throughout the year. The LCD summary indicates that average early morning relative humidity levels are greater than or equal to 85 percent during the months of August, September, October, and January (Reference 201).
2.3.2.1.6 Precipitation Normal annual rainfall totals for the 17 nearby (within approximately 57 miles) observing stations that report rainfall listed in Table 2.3.2-207 vary greatly, ranging from 44.8 inches at Tavernier Station (approximately 31 miles to the south-southwest of Units 6 & 7) to 66 inches at the Hialeah Station (approximately 27 miles to the north) (Reference 203).
The LCD summary of normal rainfall totals for Miami International Airport, Florida indicates two seasonal maximums, the highest (8.63 inches) during late summer (August) with 8.38 inches early autumn (September), and the second (8.54 inches) during early summer (June). Together, these 3 months account for approximately 44 percent of the annual total of 58.53 inches for the Miami International Airport Florida Station. The overall maximum monthly total rainfall occurs during September (24.4 inches) (Reference 201). Maximum monthly rainfall totals range from 17.5 inches at Miami Beach (approximately 28 miles to the northeast of Units 6 & 7), to 34.4 inches at the Pompano Beach observing station (approximately 57 miles to the north-northeast of Units 6 & 7).
Subsection 2.3.1.3.4 addresses historical precipitation extremes (i.e., rainfall and snowfall), as presented in Table 2.3.2-208 for the 17 nearby climatological observing stations listed in Table 2.3.1-201. Based on the maximum 24-hour and monthly precipitation totals recorded among these stations and, more importantly, the aerial distribution of these stations around the site, the data suggests that these statistics are reasonably representative of the extremes of rainfall and snowfall that might be expected to be observed at the Turkey Point site.
2.3-37 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.2.1.7 Fog The closest station to the Turkey Point site at which observations of fog are made and routinely recorded is the Miami International Airport Station, approximately 25 miles to the north. The 2008 LCD summary for this station (Table 2.3.1-202) indicates an average of approximately 4.7 days per year of heavy fog conditions, based on a 45-year period of record. The NWS defines heavy fog as fog that reduces visibility to one-quarter mile or less (Reference 201).
Seasonally, heavy fog conditions occur most often during the winter months. It reaches a peak frequency in December and January, averaging 0.7 and 0.9 days per month, respectively. Heavy fog conditions occur least often from May through September, averaging 0.1 days per month (Reference 201).
The frequency of heavy fog conditions for Units 6 & 7 would be expected to be very similar to the Miami International Airport Station observations because of their proximity to each other (approximately 25 miles). This is consistent with the higher frequency of occurrence reported in Climate Atlas of the United States (Reference 207), which indicates an annual average frequency of 5.5 to 10.4 days per year in the area that includes the Turkey Point site and the same annual frequency in the area that includes Miami International Airport Station, Florida. The seasonal variation is very similar to that in the 2008 LCD for the Miami International Airport Station (Reference 201).
2.3.2.2 Potential Influence of the Plant and Related Facilities on Meteorology The operation of Units 6 & 7 could influence the local micrometeorology in the immediate vicinity of the site. These effects could occur as a result of minor changes to the topography and vegetation resulting from land clearing and the construction of additional buildings and infrastructure, as well as the use of mechanical draft cooling towers for system heat rejection to the atmosphere. However, these alterations to the existing terrain are localized and will not represent a significant change to the flat topographic character of the site vicinity or the surrounding site area (see Figure 2.3.2-213).
Neither the mean and extreme climatological characteristics of the site area, nor the meteorological characteristics of the site and vicinity, will be affected as a result of plant operation.
Wind flow will be altered in areas immediately adjacent to and downwind of larger site structures.
However, these effects will likely dissipate in 10 structure heights downwind of the intervening structure(s). Similarly, while ambient temperatures immediately above any improved surfaces could increase, these temperature effects will be limited in their vertical profile and horizontal extent to alter local-, area-, or regional-scale mean or extreme ambient temperature patterns.
Detailed topographic features within 5 miles of the site for Units 6 & 7, also based on digital map elevations, are shown in Figure 2.3.2-214. Terrain within this radial distance of the site primarily consists of flat plains with little elevation change, relative to nominal plant grade.
The use of mechanical draft cooling towers for system heat rejection will result in visible moisture plumes from the cooling tower during certain atmospheric conditions. The amount of condensation of evaporated water vapor, and thus the formation of visible plumes from the cooling towers, are expected to be greatest during winter months.
Icing conditions caused by freezing condensed water vapor from cooling tower plumes could occur on vertical surfaces (such as buildings and equipment) and on horizontal surfaces (such as roadways) in the immediate vicinity of the cooling towers. However, given the climate in southern Florida, these types of conditions are expected to occur only on rare occasions and only at onsite locations. Because of the large distances from the locations of the cooling towers to areas of public
2.3-38 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR access (such as roadways), the potential for fogging and icing conditions at offsite locations is unlikely.
2.3.2.2.1 Topographic Description The Turkey Point plant property is on the southeastern coast of Florida, bordering Biscayne Bay and Card Sound, in unincorporated southeast Miami-Dade County. The Turkey Point plant site is located approximately 8 miles east of Florida City and 9 miles southeast of Homestead. The Turkey Point plant site is adjacent to Biscayne National Park, Palm Drive, Biscayne Bay, the Everglades Mitigation Bank, and the cooling canals. The Turkey Point plant property is approximately 9400 acres. The power block for Units 6 & 7 is an area of approximately 6 acres. The Turkey Point power block and surrounding area are shown on Figure 2.1-205.
Terrain features within 50 miles of the site for Units 6 & 7, based on digital map elevations, are illustrated in Figure 2.3.1-201. Terrain elevation profiles along each of the 16 standard 22.5-degree compass radials out to a distance of 50 miles from the site are shown in Figure 2.3.2-213 (Sheets 1 through 6). Because Units 6 & 7 are relatively close to one another and because of the distance covered by these profiles, the locus of these radial lines is the center point between the Units 6 & 7 reactor buildings.
The finished grade elevation for Units 6 & 7 is 25.5 feet NAVD 88. The Turkey Point plant site and its immediate environs lie on the Floridian Plateau, a partly submerged peninsula of the continental shelf. Terrain within 50 miles of the site for Units 6 & 7 is generally flat and rises very gently from sea level to an elevation of approximately 10 feet NAVD 88 at a point some 8 to 10 miles west of the site.
Figure 2.3.1-201 indicates that the highest elevation within 50 miles of the site is approximately 86 feet located north of Turkey Point. Figure 2.3.1-201 also indicates that the lowest elevation within 50 miles of the site, 2.49 feet below MSL, is to the northeast of the Turkey Point site.
2.3.2.2.2 Fogging and Icing Effects Attributable to Cooling Tower Operation Ground-level fogging and icing impacts attributable to cooling tower operation are not expected to be significant. Although ground-level fogging events could occur in the immediate vicinity of the cooling towers, these events are expected at onsite locations under relatively cold and moist atmospheric conditions and when building wake and downwash effects (i.e., from the cooling tower structures or from nearby plant structures) influence the dispersion of the cooling tower plumes. The vapor plume from the circular mechanical draft circulating water system (CWS) cooling towers (three per unit) could be directed towards the ground under high wind conditions, creating ground-level fogging and icing. However, under high wind conditions the vapor plume would undergo rapid dispersion and result in lower moisture concentration at the ground level. Because of the warm climate in southern Florida, icing at the ground level is expected to be infrequent. For circular mechanical draft cooling towers, fogging and icing usually occur under high wind conditions (wind speed >12 m/s)
(Reference 210). Because the CWS cooling towers are located to the south of the plant site, only winds coming from the south-southeast (SSE), south (S), and south-southwest (SSW) sectors would have the potential to create fogging at the switchyard, transformer areas, or transmission lines.
Based on the 10-meter level joint frequency distributions (JFDs) provided in Table 2.3.2-205, only 22 hours2.546296e-4 days <br />0.00611 hours <br />3.637566e-5 weeks <br />8.371e-6 months <br /> (about 7 hours8.101852e-5 days <br />0.00194 hours <br />1.157407e-5 weeks <br />2.6635e-6 months <br /> per year) have the wind speed greater than 10 m/s coming from SSE, S and SSW sectors. The shortest distance between the transformer areas and the cooling tower is about 1400 feet. Considering this long physical separation and low frequency of the southern winds, the potential fogging impact to the transformer areas, electrical equipment in the switchyard, and transmission lines is minimal.
Extended visible plumes from the cooling towers will likely occur most frequently during periods of high humidity when restricted visibility occurs naturally. Subsection 2.3.2.1.7 describes known and
2.3-39 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR predicted occurrences of natural occurring fog, which served as a prediction of potential time periods when fogging from Units 6 & 7 is expected.
Significant ice formation on structures or at ground level is not expected to occur in the vicinity of the Turkey Point site. Climatological records from the Miami meteorological observing station in Table 2.3.1-202 indicate that the average number of days of below freezing ambient temperatures in the region is less than one day. There are no large safety-related plant structures or other nearby structures adversely affected by icing from the cooling tower plumes under any meteorological conditions that are expected to occur.
2.3.2.2.3 Assessment of Heat Dissipation Effects on the Atmosphere Mechanical draft cooling towers are used to dissipate heat to the atmosphere from Units 6 & 7.
Although the cooling towers do not significantly influence local meteorological conditions, there are some limited periods of time when visible cooling tower plumes may extend short distances from the cooling towers, possibly being visible from selected offsite locations.
Cooling towers evaporate water to dissipate heat to the atmosphere. Evaporation is followed by partial re-condensation, which creates a visible mist or plume. The plume creates the potential for shadowing, fogging, icing, and localized increases in humidity. In addition, small water droplets are blown out of the tops of the cooling towers. These water droplets are referred to as drift and could be deposited, along with any dissolved salts, on vegetation and surfaces surrounding the cooling towers.
The temperature of the exhaust plume from the CWS cooling towers is designed to be 10°F higher than the ambient temperature. With this temperature difference, under low wind conditions, the thermal vapor plume from the cooling tower will be elevated and without direct contact with the transformers, the switchyard equipment, transmission lines, and HVAC air intakes. As discussed in Subsection 2.3.2.2.2, under high wind conditions, the vapor plume would undergo rapid dispersion and result in decreasing moisture in the plume. These factors, together with the low frequency of the southern sector winds, would cause the moisture impact to the transformers, switchyard equipment, and transmission lines from operation of the CWS cooling towers to be minimal. Since the cooling tower plume is only about 2°F higher than the 100-year return dry-bulb temperature, the plume is not hot enough to exceed the HVAC design temperature, as shown in Table 2.0-201, and would not adversely impact the control room HVAC intakes.
For Units 6 & 7, the USEPA CALPUFF (Reference 208) and USEPA AERMOD (Reference 209) dispersion models were used to evaluate cooling tower plume behavior and to estimate the frequency of occurrence and length of visible cooling tower plumes. Five years (2001 through 2005) of hourly meteorological data (Miami surface and upper air observations) were used. Physical and performance characteristics of the mechanical draft cooling towers are as follows:
Parameter Value Number of Towers (Per Unit) 3 Circulating Water flow (Per Tower) 210,367 gpm Cycles of Concentration(a) 1.5 to 4 Approximate Height 67 feet Approximate Base Diameter 246 feet Number of cells (Per tower) 12 Number of fans per cell 1
Exit air delivery per fan 1,746,500 actual cfm
2.3-40 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR The analysis of cooling tower plume behavior for the 5-year simulation period (2001-2005) concluded that the predicted plumes would remain primarily on site. Visible vapor plumes would occur approximately 1723 hours0.0199 days <br />0.479 hours <br />0.00285 weeks <br />6.556015e-4 months <br /> per year, or approximately 20 percent of the year. Visible vapor plumes would occur during the winter months (718 hours0.00831 days <br />0.199 hours <br />0.00119 weeks <br />2.73199e-4 months <br />), the spring (387 hours0.00448 days <br />0.108 hours <br />6.398809e-4 weeks <br />1.472535e-4 months <br />) and fall (388 hours0.00449 days <br />0.108 hours <br />6.415344e-4 weeks <br />1.47634e-4 months <br />) months. Table 2.3.2-209 summarizes the results for all hours.
Visible vapor plumes from the cooling towers remain close to each of the towers during the daylight when the plumes are the most visible. The results for daylight hours conclude that for the majority of the time, plume heights are less than 400 meters and plume lengths are less than 300 meters. Plume heights greater than 1000 meters are predicted to occur only one hour per year, while plume lengths in excess of 5000 meters would only occur 40 hours4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br /> per year. Table 2.3.2-210 summarizes the results for all daylight hours.
Fogging from the cooling towers occurs when the visible plume intersects with the ground, appearing like fog to an observer. An analysis of cooling tower fogging and icing, using USEPAs CALPUFF model, concluded that there were no predicted occurrences of ground-level fogging during the summer season and minimal localized occurrence of fogging during the autumn and spring seasons at the plant area. During the winter season, the analysis concluded that fogging would occur for a total maximum of 5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> during daylight hours for the entire 5-year simulation period at offsite areas on the eastern and southeastern perimeter of the site.
Salt deposition from the CWS cooling towers has the potential to build up on bushings of electrical equipment such as the Units 6 & 7 transformers, switchyard equipment, and transmission lines. A maximum salt deposition rate of 0.25 mg/cm2/month was predicted to occur at the Unit 7 transformers, and a rate of approximately 0.20 mg/cm2/month was predicted to occur at the transmission lines and switchyard, during the summer season. At this maximum monthly predicted salt deposition rate, the environment in the Unit 7 transformer area, due to the contribution of salt deposition from the cooling towers, could be classified as a "Heavy Contamination Level" environment. Whereas the environment at the transmission lines and switchyard areas, due to the contribution of maximum monthly summer salt deposition from the cooling towers, could be classified as a "Medium Contamination Level" environment. Typical equivalent salt deposition density levels, defined by the applicable IEEE Standard, "Guide for Application of Power Apparatus Bushings," are 0.08 - 0.25 mg/cm2 and 0.25 - 0.6 mg/cm2 for medium and heavy contamination levels, respectively (Reference 211). However, it is not anticipated that the salt deposition from the CWS cooling towers will accumulate to the point where it would have an adverse effect on electrical equipment based on the following:
The salt deposition model assumed the radial collector wells were operated on a full-time basis. However, the radial collector well system is a back-up system; the primary CWS cooling makeup water system is reclaimed water, with a lower salinity (total dissolved solids concentration). For example, the maximum measured total dissolved solids value reviewed for Biscayne Bay was 34,000 ppmaccounting for approximately 1.5 cycles of concentration, 50,000 ppm was assumed in the modelversus a total dissolved concentration for the reclaimed water source of 960 ppmaccounting for 4 cycles of concentration, the total dissolved solids concentration for the CWS towers for the reclaimed water source may reach approximately 3840 ppm.
Drift Rate 0.0005% (of the flow rate)
Heat Rejection Rate 7,628 million BTU/hr Solids Concentration 50,000 ppm (a)
Cycles of Concentration for saltwater is 1.5 (assume a saltwater salinity of approximately 33,000 ppm).
Parameter Value
2.3-41 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR
The salt deposition model assumed the salt was transported as liquid droplets and did not account for evaporation of these dropletsessentially traveling the plume further out from the CWS cooling towers. The model also did not account for wet deposition.
As depicted in Figure 2.3.2-204, the transformer, switchyard, and transmission lines are located north/northwest of the CWS cooling towers and the summer season prevailing wind direction is from the east.
It is anticipated that existing equipment condition monitoring programs would be able to recognize any degradation resulting from the cooling towers before it adversely affects the equipment.
Icing from the cooling towers would be the result of ground-level fogging when ambient temperatures are below freezing. However, the CALPUFF model predicted that no ground-level icing will occur as a result of cooling tower operation. Therefore, there will be no ground-level icing impacts as a result of cooling tower operation.
The AERMOD model was used to predict salt deposition from the operation of the Units 6 & 7 cooling towers. The simulation was modeled based on the cooling tower operational parameters and the 2001 through 2005 Miami meteorological data for upper air and surface data. Salt deposition up to 105 kg/ha per month is predicted near the makeup water reservoir.
Beyond the makeup water reservoir, the deposition rates are predicted to decrease rapidly. The monthly salt deposition into the industrial wastewater facility ranges from 1 to 70 kg/ha/month. Salt deposition of more than 10 kg/ha per month is generally confined to the plant property, with the exception of areas adjacent to the southeastern portion of the site.
No combined effects of cooling tower plume mixing with plant releases are expected to occur. Any gaseous effluents released from the plant during operation occur intermittently, at different elevations, and at locations other than the cooling towers. Also, any such releases are at or near ambient temperature and no significant plume rise occurs. Therefore, the potential for the mixing of the plumes is expected to be minimal.
2.3.2.2.4 Current and Projected Site Air Quality This subsection addresses current ambient air quality conditions in the area of the Turkey Point site and region (e.g., the compliance status of various air pollutants) that are relevant to plant design, construction, and operating basis. Subsection 2.3.1.3 characterized conditions (from a climatological standpoint) in the site area and region that may be restrictive to atmospheric dispersion.
2.3.2.2.5 Regional Air Quality Conditions Units 6 & 7 are located in the Southeast Florida Intrastate Air Quality Control Region, which includes Broward, Miami-Dade, Indian River, Martin, Monroe, Okeechobee, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie counties. Attainment areas are areas where the ambient levels of criteria air pollutants are designated as being better than, unclassifiable/attainment, or cannot be classified or better than the EPA-promulgated National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Criteria pollutants are those for which NAAQS have been established: sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (i.e., PM10 and PM2.5),
carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and lead.
The Southeast Florida Intrastate Air Quality Control Region is classified as in attainment (unclassifiable) for each criteria pollutant. Smog caused by ozone is not expected to be a significant problem near Units 6 & 7 because of the attainment classification of Miami-Dade County.
2.3-42 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Three pristine areas are located in the state of Florida with Class I Areas designated as Mandatory Class I Federal Areas Where Visibility is an Important Value. They include Everglades National Park, Chassahowitzka Wilderness Area, and St. Marks Wilderness Area. The Everglades National Park is the closest of the Class I areas and is located approximately 13 miles west of Units 6 & 7. The Chassahowitzka Wilderness Area and the St. Marks Wilderness Area are both more than 250 miles to the northwest.
2.3.2.2.6 Projected Air Quality Conditions The Units 6 & 7 nuclear steam supply systems and other related systems are not sources of criteria pollutants or other air toxics. Supporting equipment (e.g., diesel generators, fire pump engines), and other emission-generating sources (e.g., storage tanks and related equipment) operate intermittently and are not significant sources of criteria (common) pollutant emissions. Therefore, these emission sources will not impact ambient air quality levels in the vicinity of Units 6 & 7. Likewise, because of the relatively long distance of separation from Units 6 & 7, visibility at any Class I federal areas will not be impacted.
Emission sources are regulated by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) depending on the source type, source emissions, and permitting requirements for construction and operation.
2.3.2.3 Local Meteorological Conditions for Design and Operating Bases Design and operating bases, such as tornado parameters, temperature, and precipitation extremes are statistics that, by definition and necessity, are based on long-term regional records. Although data collected by the onsite meteorological monitoring system is representative of site conditions, only 3 years of onsite data has been analyzed. Therefore, the design and operating basis conditions were based on regional meteorological data, as previously described in Subsection 2.3.1.
2.3.2.4 References 201.
National Climatic Data Center, Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary with Comparative Data, Miami, Florida, NESDIS, NOAA, 2008.
202.
National Climatic Data Center, Climatography of the United States, No. 20, 1971-2000, Monthly Station Climate Summaries, Data Summaries for Flamingo Ranger Station, Fort Lauderdale, Hialeah, Miami Beach, Miami International Airport, Pompano Beach, Royal Palm Ranger Station, Tamiami Trail 40 Mile Bend, and Tavernier, Florida, CD-ROM, NESDIS, NOAA, July 2005.
203.
National Climatic Data Center, Climatography of the United States, No. 81, 1971-2000, U.S. Monthly Climate Normals, CD-ROM, NCDC, NESDIS, NOAA, February 2002.
204.
Southeast Regional Climate Center, Period of Record General Climate Summaries of Temperature and Precipitation for Dania 4 WNW, Flamingo Ranger Station, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station, Hialeah, Homestead Experiment Station, Kendall 2 E, Miami 12 SSW, Oasis Ranger Station, Perrine 4W, Pompano Beach, Royal Palm Ranger Station, Tamiami Trail 40 Mile Bend, and Tavernier, August 19, 2008.
2.3-43 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 205.
Southeast Regional Climate Center. Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary, Data Listings for Dania 4 WNW, Flamingo Ranger Station, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station, Hialeah, Homestead Experiment Station, Kendall 2 E, Miami 12 SSW, Miami Beach, Miami International Airport, Oasis Ranger Station, Perrine 4W, Pompano Beach, Royal Palm Ranger Station, and Tamiami Trail 40 Mile Bend, and Tavernier, June 30, 2008.
206.
Climatological Data Archive, Florida Climate for Dania 4 WNW, Flamingo Ranger Station, Hialeah, Homestead Experiment Station, Miami 12 SSW, Miami International Airport, Oasis Ranger Station, Perrine 4W, Pompano Beach, Royal Palm Ranger Station, and Tavernier, Utah State University, Utah Climate Center. Available at http://climate.usurf.usu.edu/, accessed June 30, 2008.
207.
National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Climate Atlas of the United States, Ver. 2.0 (CD-ROM), September 2002.
208.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, CALPUFF Modeling System, Ver. 6.262. TRC Environmental Corp., Lowell, Massachusetts, 2007 Available at www.src.com/calpuff/calpuff1.htm.
209.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AERMOD Modeling System, EPA-454/B-03-001, September 2004. Available at http://www.epa.gov/scram001dispersion_ prefrec. htm#
aermod.
210.
Electric Power Research Institute, User's Manual, Cooling-Tower-Plume Prediction Code, EPRI Report CS-3403-CCM, Prepared by Argonne National Laboratory, April 1984.
211.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Guide for Application of Power Apparatus Bushings, Reaffirmed December 9, 2003, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Board, Reaffirmed April 26, 2004, American National Standards Institute, IEEE Standard C57.19.100-1995 (R2003).
2.3-44 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-201 Seasonal and Annual Mean Wind Speeds Units 6 & 7 (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Primary Tower Elevation Location Winter Spring Summer Autumn Annual Upper Level (60 m) (m/sec)
Units 6 & 7 Site 6.1 5.9 4.8 5.5 5.6 Lower Level (10 m) (m/sec)
Units 6 & 7 Site 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.8 Single Level (10 m) (m/sec)
Miami International Airport(a)
(a)
Reference 201 Notes:
WinterDecember, January, February SpringMarch, April, May SummerJune, July, August AutumnSeptember, October, November 4.0 4.3 3.4 3.9 3.9
2.3-45 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-202 (Sheet 1 of 3)
Wind Direction Persistence/Wind Speed Distributions for the Units 6 & 7 Site 10-Meter Level Number of Sectors Included: 16, Width in Degrees: 22.5 Measurement Height, m: 10, Speed Sensor: 1, Direction Sensor: 1 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 5.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
997 395 1465 2359 3979 3009 1836 1323 960 587 397 313 300 306 539 1554 2
527 144 1004 1553 2870 2007 1205 806 554 303 191 135 136 136 251 1008 4
170 27 593 852 1710 1034 642 350 230 104 71 40 42 46 73 519 8
23 0
268 345 722 324 265 72 49 9
11 4
7 6
6 177 12 6
0 129 178 294 101 137 7
13 0
0 0
1 1
0 62 18 0
0 47 79 71 6
44 0
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 20 24 0
0 15 51 17 0
19 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 8
30 0
0 3
29 6
0 10 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
36 0
0 0
15 0
0 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 10.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
202 157 889 1114 1771 1398 861 583 429 312 205 102 76 74 97 379 2
99 73 667 750 1196 933 602 342 233 186 117 39 25 43 42 233 4
33 15 432 402 628 493 351 131 84 59 42 6
4 16 11 105 8
10 0
193 171 201 156 152 27 13 2
4 0
0 1
0 22 12 2
0 87 99 46 52 84 3
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
18 0
0 27 57 17 1
29 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
24 0
0 9
31 6
0 15 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
30 0
0 3
15 0
0 8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
7 0
0 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 15.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
16 16 165 115 225 227 203 75 66 74 63 21 4
10 11 58 2
6 9
117 69 132 144 143 38 42 41 31 7
2 5
3 32 4
1 4
69 29 57 75 92 12 18 13 8
0 0
3 0
11 8
0 0
24 3
12 17 38 0
3 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
12 0
0 13 0
3 6
18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
18 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
2.3-46 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Speed Greater than or Equal to: 20.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 1
7 3
15 31 36 16 8
12 6
4 0
1 0
3 2
0 0
5 1
5 19 24 8
5 7
1 1
0 0
0 0
4 0
0 3
0 2
9 16 2
3 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 0
0 0
0 0
0 9
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 12 0
0 0
0 0
0 5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 25.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 0
0 2
5 8
16 9
5 2
1 1
0 0
0 0
2 0
0 0
1 3
3 13 6
4 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
4 0
0 0
0 1
1 7
2 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
12 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 30.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 0
0 0
2 0
7 8
4 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 1
0 2
6 3
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 2
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 12 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Table 2.3.2-202 (Sheet 2 of 3)
Wind Direction Persistence/Wind Speed Distributions for the Units 6 & 7 Site 10-Meter Level
2.3-47 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Speed Greater than or Equal to: 35.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 7
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 12 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 40.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 5
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
3 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 12 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Table 2.3.2-202 (Sheet 3 of 3)
Wind Direction Persistence/Wind Speed Distributions for the Units 6 & 7 Site 10-Meter Level
2.3-48 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-203 (Sheet 1 of 3)
Wind Direction Persistence/Wind Speed Distributions for the Units 6 & 7 Site 60-Meter Level Number of Sectors Included: 16, Width in Degrees: 22.5 Measurement Height, m: 60, Speed Sensor: 2, Direction Sensor: 2 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 5.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
1506 594 1762 2539 3822 3326 2123 1537 1109 753 544 383 489 580 711 1527 2
984 208 1208 1697 2683 2268 1396 948 651 424 287 165 249 308 382 1051 4
481 39 703 914 1530 1171 738 421 283 168 115 51 93 112 129 593 8
154 1
320 354 569 375 302 84 72 25 33 6
12 17 18 244 12 48 0
155 199 217 115 147 16 27 1
7 1
4 2
0 114 18 5
0 70 105 37 8
38 0
6 0
0 0
0 0
0 38 24 0
0 36 58 0
0 8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
18 30 0
0 18 28 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 36 0
0 9
9 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 10.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
1122 371 1403 2023 2965 2346 1476 965 760 513 383 234 290 344 447 1232 2
740 150 1035 1416 2113 1574 1028 603 459 290 221 110 160 188 250 881 4
385 32 640 803 1205 830 600 278 196 110 86 34 65 81 85 514 8
133 1
303 335 454 286 266 63 41 14 24 4
12 15 11 224 12 40 0
152 197 176 94 134 11 10 0
2 0
4 2
0 104 18 5
0 69 105 28 7
36 0
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 35 24 0
0 36 58 0
0 8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
18 30 0
0 18 28 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 36 0
0 9
9 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 15.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
438 137 923 921 1073 785 609 387 233 226 185 109 92 107 189 591 2
263 62 719 650 726 530 435 243 132 135 104 50 34 55 103 382 4
117 15 482 387 406 282 272 113 51 51 38 14 3
20 28 186 8
38 0
244 185 144 99 123 24 7
2 7
0 0
5 5
50 12 11 0
123 114 49 38 63 2
1 0
1 0
0 1
0 13 18 1
0 52 58 11 4
20 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
24 0
0 30 22 0
0 6
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 18 5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
36 0
0 9
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
2.3-49 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Speed Greater than or Equal to: 20.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
55 26 345 209 153 125 151 92 54 57 61 19 13 26 29 104 2
25 9
267 135 89 74 102 48 31 30 30 6
5 15 12 55 4
4 0
179 73 43 30 61 13 13 7
7 0
1 6
2 17 8
0 0
87 28 13 6
32 1
1 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
12 0
0 44 13 4
2 16 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
18 0
0 28 7
0 0
6 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
24 0
0 21 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
30 0
0 15 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
36 0
0 9
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 25.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
2 1
79 11 14 32 36 30 9
16 9
7 3
10 2
12 2
0 0
55 3
5 22 24 17 5
8 4
3 1
6 0
6 4
0 0
34 0
1 14 13 4
3 1
0 0
0 4
0 0
8 0
0 15 0
0 6
5 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
12 0
0 4
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 30.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 0
1 0
1 9
21 16 7
6 4
3 0
4 0
2 2
0 0
0 0
0 5
15 8
5 3
1 1
0 2
0 0
4 0
0 0
0 0
1 7
2 3
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 8
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
12 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Table 2.3.2-203 (Sheet 2 of 3)
Wind Direction Persistence/Wind Speed Distributions for the Units 6 & 7 Site 60-Meter Level
2.3-50 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Speed Greater than or Equal to: 35.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 0
0 0
0 2
14 10 5
2 1
1 0
0 0
0 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
9 6
4 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
4 0
0 0
0 0
0 3
2 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
12 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Speed Greater than or Equal to: 40.00 mph Direction Hours N
NNE NE ENE E
WNW NW NNW 1
0 0
0 0
0 1
8 8
5 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
6 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 2
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 12 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 18 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 30 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 36 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 48 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Table 2.3.2-203 (Sheet 3 of 3)
Wind Direction Persistence/Wind Speed Distributions for the Units 6 & 7 Site 60-Meter Level
2.3-51 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-204 Seasonal and Annual Vertical Stability Class and 10-Meter Level Wind Speed Distributions for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Vertical Stability Categories(a)
(a)
Vertical stability based on temperature difference (T) between 60-meter and 10-meter temperature measurement levels.
Period A
B C
D E
F G
Winter Frequency (%)
5.17 6.08 9.14 26.64 31.01 11.67 10.29 Wind Speed (m/sec) 5.61 5.19 4.93 4.53 3.56 2.04 1.97 Spring Frequency (%)
12.52 7.62 7.52 23.72 30.37 9.35 8.90 Wind Speed (m/sec) 5.79 5.18 4.83 4.60 3.66 2.12 1.93 Summer Frequency (%)
2.78 4.37 6.52 30.78 42.21 11.61 1.73 Wind Speed (m/sec) 4.77 4.70 4.46 4.16 3.13 1.81 1.71 Autumn Frequency (%)
3.33 4.38 6.39 32.61 41.67 8.45 3.17 Wind Speed (m/sec) 4.70 4.64 4.68 4.30 3.32 1.96 2.15 Annual Frequency (%)
5.90 5.59 7.36 28.51 36.47 10.26 5.92 Wind Speed (m/sec) 5.47 4.98 4.74 4.37 3.38 1.97 1.96
2.3-52 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Note: Stability class based on the vertical temperature difference (T or lapse rate) between the 60-meter and 10-meter measurement levels.
Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 1 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: A Extremely Unstable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
0 0
0 5
40 26 3
0 0
0 74 NNE 0
0 0
0 0
0 20 23 0
0 0
0 43 NE 0
0 0
0 0
1 35 73 12 0
0 0
121 ENE 0
0 0
0 0
0 9
69 10 0
0 0
88 E
0 0
0 0
0 0
15 72 16 0
0 0
103 ESE 0
0 0
0 0
0 39 110 35 0
0 0
184 SE 0
0 0
0 0
0 46 78 23 1
0 0
148 SSE 0
0 0
0 1
14 110 77 13 0
0 0
215 S
0 0
0 0
0 4
58 92 22 0
0 0
176 SSW 0
0 0
0 0
2 11 37 15 0
0 0
65 SW 0
0 0
0 0
0 6
16 6
0 0
0 28 WSW 0
0 0
0 0
0 5
6 2
0 0
0 13 W
0 0
0 0
1 0
8 6
2 0
0 0
17 WNW 0
0 0
1 0
3 8
4 3
0 0
0 19 NW 0
0 1
0 2
1 20 14 0
0 0
0 38 NNW 0
0 0
0 0
4 67 76 21 0
0 0
168 Totals 0
0 1
1 4
34 497 779 183 1
0 0
1500 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1500 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-53 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 2 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: B Moderately Unstable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
0 0
2 8
46 17 2
0 0
0 75 NNE 0
0 0
0 1
4 21 11 0
0 0
0 37 NE 0
0 0
0 0
0 65 45 5
0 0
0 115 ENE 0
0 0
0 0
2 55 60 4
0 0
0 121 E
0 1
0 0
1 1
47 69 19 0
0 0
138 ESE 0
0 0
0 0
1 94 109 16 0
0 0
220 SE 0
0 0
0 0
11 46 65 22 0
0 0
144 SSE 0
0 0
0 0
22 81 50 5
0 0
0 158 S
0 0
0 0
0 8
72 47 7
0 0
0 134 SSW 0
0 0
0 2
6 22 38 5
0 0
0 73 SW 0
0 0
0 2
3 5
16 14 0
0 0
40 WSW 0
0 0
0 1
2 3
9 0
0 0
0 15 W
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 3
1 0
0 0
12 WNW 0
0 0
0 0
1 8
6 1
0 0
0 16 NW 0
0 1
0 3
2 22 4
0 0
0 0
32 NNW 0
0 0
0 2
8 56 18 5
0 0
0 89 Totals 0
1 1
0 14 79 651 567 106 0
0 0
1419 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1419 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-54 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 3 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: C Slightly Unstable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
0 0
2 16 43 15 3
0 0
0 79 NNE 0
0 0
0 2
5 33 4
1 0
0 0
45 NE 0
0 0
0 1
8 78 60 6
0 0
0 153 ENE 0
0 0
1 0
7 75 90 20 0
0 0
193 E
0 0
0 0
0 7
152 143 14 0
0 0
316 ESE 1
0 0
0 0
15 175 128 19 0
0 0
338 SE 0
0 0
1 2
16 76 72 10 1
0 0
178 SSE 0
0 0
1 4
30 81 34 5
0 0
0 155 S
0 0
0 1
2 14 43 27 5
0 0
0 92 SSW 0
0 0
0 5
9 16 42 6
0 0
0 78 SW 0
0 0
0 0
4 11 13 5
0 0
0 33 WSW 0
0 0
0 0
11 13 7
0 0
0 0
31 W
0 0
1 2
2 3
7 8
0 0
0 0
23 WNW 0
0 0
0 1
3 16 8
2 0
0 0
30 NW 0
0 0
1 2
15 19 7
0 0
0 0
44 NNW 0
0 0
3 2
18 35 18 6
0 0
0 82 Totals 1
0 1
10 25 181 873 676 102 1
0 0
1870 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1870 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-55 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 4 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: D Neutral Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
5 13 18 75 121 42 4
0 0
0 278 NNE 0
0 1
4 11 35 54 25 4
0 0
0 134 NE 2
0 3
7 14 72 179 239 76 0
0 0
592 ENE 1
1 1
6 14 112 480 336 29 0
0 0
980 E
2 2
0 7
20 105 799 520 61 0
0 0
1516 ESE 1
0 1
7 21 114 644 271 50 0
0 0
1109 SE 0
0 1
10 11 72 270 160 47 6
2 0
579 SSE 0
1 1
12 16 78 191 111 7
1 2
2 422 S
1 0
1 3
11 45 178 59 7
0 1
1 307 SSW 0
1 2
5 16 36 95 62 15 4
0 0
236 SW 0
0 2
4 11 19 73 54 17 1
0 0
181 WSW 1
1 1
5 7
20 56 39 11 0
0 0
141 W
0 0
0 1
16 39 64 21 1
0 0
0 142 WNW 0
0 3
9 15 37 57 14 3
0 0
0 138 NW 0
1 1
14 20 47 55 11 6
0 0
0 155 NNW 1
1 0
18 25 62 155 62 9
0 0
0 333 Totals 9
8 23 125 246 968 3471 2026 347 12 5
3 7243 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 7243 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-56 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 5 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: E Slightly Stable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 2
11 19 46 151 131 13 0
0 0
0 373 NNE 3
7 9
17 22 44 75 20 6
0 0
0 203 NE 0
2 5
23 22 89 252 140 22 1
0 0
556 ENE 3
3 9
36 75 289 586 132 3
3 0
0 1139 E
4 5
5 69 181 594 1062 232 20 7
2 0
2181 ESE 2
6 12 66 118 349 571 170 31 14 1
0 1340 SE 4
4 10 60 57 227 385 125 24 7
6 0
909 SSE 2
4 8
24 35 119 194 68 12 1
1 3
471 S
1 2
5 23 48 107 127 25 1
1 3
0 343 SSW 0
5 11 31 38 64 66 20 1
1 0
0 237 SW 2
5 7
22 27 44 32 24 5
1 0
0 169 WSW 0
3 4
41 27 32 38 6
0 0
0 0
151 W
1 1
9 36 36 70 34 3
0 0
0 0
190 WNW 2
4 11 40 44 60 27 3
0 0
0 0
191 NW 1
5 7
28 41 96 64 8
1 0
0 0
251 NNW 2
3 19 34 57 164 256 26 1
0 0
0 562 Totals 27 61 142 569 874 2499 3900 1015 127 36 13 3
9266 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 9266 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-57 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 6 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: F Moderately Stable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
1 7
13 49 67 117 27 1
0 0
0 0
282 NNE 1
1 4
21 16 14 6
3 0
0 0
0 66 NE 3
3 5
17 11 13 10 0
0 0
0 0
62 ENE 1
1 2
16 21 30 5
1 0
0 0
0 77 E
3 1
8 25 42 116 15 0
0 0
0 0
210 ESE 4
3 7
23 44 80 20 0
0 0
0 0
181 SE 3
6 7
21 34 63 10 1
0 0
0 0
145 SSE 2
3 6
19 19 25 5
0 0
0 0
0 79 S
1 1
2 17 10 23 7
0 0
0 0
0 61 SSW 1
4 8
21 17 22 5
0 0
1 0
0 79 SW 3
4 4
33 24 26 4
1 0
1 0
0 100 WSW 4
4 8
23 32 48 11 2
0 1
0 0
133 W
8 5
9 40 53 49 1
0 0
0 0
0 165 WNW 11 7
7 49 46 46 7
0 0
0 0
0 173 NW 5
6 17 66 82 85 28 0
0 0
0 0
289 NNW 5
8 21 83 145 180 60 2
0 0
0 0
504 Totals 56 64 128 523 663 937 221 11 0
3 0
0 2606 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 2606 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-58 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 7 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: G Extremely Stable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
3 1
7 29 60 167 11 0
0 0
0 0
278 NNE 0
2 1
10 8
6 0
0 0
0 0
0 27 NE 2
0 1
4 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 9
ENE 0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 2
E 1
1 0
1 5
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 10 ESE 0
0 1
0 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 3
SE 1
0 3
1 2
5 0
0 0
0 0
0 12 SSE 1
2 3
4 2
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 14 S
1 1
2 3
2 5
0 0
0 0
0 0
14 SSW 2
2 3
6 5
12 1
0 0
0 0
0 31 SW 3
0 3
14 15 21 2
0 0
0 0
0 58 WSW 1
1 2
11 22 20 2
0 0
0 0
0 59 W
1 3
6 21 33 24 0
0 0
0 0
0 88 WNW 3
5 9
39 52 35 0
0 0
0 0
0 143 NW 5
3 5
35 53 102 7
0 0
0 0
0 210 NNW 7
2 11 34 135 327 29 0
0 0
0 0
545 Totals 31 23 57 214 396 730 52 0
0 0
0 0
1503 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1503 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-59 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-205 (Sheet 8 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (10-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability Class for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Summary of All Stability Classes Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
10M Speed:
WS10M Direction:
WD10M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
4 10 36 110 195 539 419 114 12 0
0 0
1,439 NNE 4
10 15 52 60 108 209 86 11 0
0 0
555 NE 7
5 14 51 48 185 619 557 121 1
0 0
1,608 ENE 5
5 12 61 110 440 1,210 688 66 3
0 0
2,600 E
10 10 13 102 249 825 2,090 1,036 130 7
2 0
4,474 ESE 8
9 21 96 185 559 1,543 788 151 14 1
0 3,375 SE 8
10 21 93 106 394 833 501 126 15 8
0 2,115 SSE 5
10 18 60 77 290 662 340 42 2
3 5
1,514 S
4 4
10 47 73 206 485 250 42 1
4 1
1,127 SSW 3
12 24 63 83 151 216 199 42 6
0 0
799 SW 8
9 16 73 79 117 133 124 47 3
0 0
609 WSW 6
9 15 80 89 133 128 69 13 1
0 0
543 W
10 9
25 100 141 185 122 41 4
0 0
0 637 WNW 16 16 30 138 158 185 123 35 9
0 0
0 710 NW 11 15 32 144 203 348 215 44 7
0 0
0 1,019 NNW 15 14 51 172 366 763 658 202 42 0
0 0
2,283 Totals 124 157 353 1,442 2,222 5,428 9,665 5,074 865 53 18 6
25,407 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 873 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 25,407 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-60 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Note: Stability class based on the vertical temperature difference (T or lapse rate) between the 60-meter and 10-meter measurement levels.
Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 1 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: A Extremely Unstable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
0 0
0 0
14 36 22 2
0 0
74 NNE 0
0 0
0 0
0 5
21 18 1
0 0
45 NE 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
43 72 7
0 0
123 ENE 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
31 40 5
0 0
76 E
0 0
0 0
0 0
4 45 54 5
0 0
108 ESE 0
0 0
0 0
0 16 89 66 3
0 0
174 SE 0
0 0
0 0
0 34 55 42 8
0 0
139 SSE 0
0 0
0 0
6 71 95 30 1
0 0
203 S
0 0
0 0
0 0
34 89 50 6
0 0
179 SSW 0
0 0
0 0
2 6
23 29 9
0 0
69 SW 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
6 13 4
0 0
24 WSW 0
0 0
0 0
0 5
4 4
0 0
0 13 W
0 0
0 0
1 0
1 6
6 2
0 0
16 WNW 0
0 0
0 0
1 3
9 4
0 3
0 20 NW 0
0 0
0 0
3 5
14 21 0
0 0
43 NNW 0
0 0
0 0
1 14 61 67 10 0
0 153 Totals 0
0 0
0 1
13 214 627 538 63 3
0 1,459 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2,337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1,459 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-61 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 2 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: B Moderately Unstable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
0 0
0 4
22 32 11 1
0 0
70 NNE 0
0 0
0 0
1 13 22 7
0 0
0 43 NE 0
0 0
0 0
1 22 68 42 5
0 0
138 ENE 0
0 1
0 1
1 12 56 42 3
0 0
116 E
0 0
0 0
0 1
16 62 43 1
0 0
123 ESE 0
0 0
0 0
1 51 101 42 3
0 0
198 SE 0
0 0
0 1
6 42 44 43 6
0 0
142 SSE 0
0 0
0 0
11 57 48 26 1
0 0
143 S
0 0
0 0
0 3
39 70 21 1
0 0
134 SSW 0
0 0
0 1
3 15 34 16 3
0 0
72 SW 0
0 0
0 2
1 5
3 21 4
0 0
36 WSW 0
0 0
0 0
0 3
6 6
0 0
0 15 W
0 0
0 0
1 0
3 4
3 1
0 0
12 WNW 0
0 0
0 0
1 2
4 10 0
1 0
18 NW 0
0 0
0 2
2 12 11 3
0 0
0 30 NNW 0
0 0
0 0
4 24 35 18 3
0 0
84 Totals 0
0 1
0 8
40 338 600 354 32 1
0 1374 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1374 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-62 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 3 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: C Slightly Unstable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
0 0
0 7
24 30 17 0
0 0
78 NNE 0
0 0
0 0
3 19 19 4
2 0
0 47 NE 0
0 0
1 0
6 35 62 56 7
0 0
167 ENE 0
0 0
0 1
5 27 77 69 11 0
0 190 E
0 0
0 0
0 2
86 147 64 1
0 0
300 ESE 0
0 0
0 0
2 111 123 60 1
0 0
297 SE 0
0 0
0 1
11 54 68 47 2
1 0
184 SSE 0
0 0
1 4
16 58 49 13 1
0 0
142 S
0 0
0 2
1 13 25 31 11 1
0 0
84 SSW 0
0 0
0 2
5 14 24 24 4
0 0
73 SW 0
0 0
0 1
1 7
16 11 2
1 0
39 WSW 0
0 0
0 0
6 7
6 5
0 0
0 24 W
0 0
0 1
0 8
1 8
5 0
0 0
23 WNW 0
0 0
1 0
2 6
7 10 1
1 0
28 NW 0
0 0
0 3
5 16 10 8
2 0
0 44 NNW 0
0 0
0 0
5 18 26 16 5
0 0
70 Totals 0
0 0
6 13 97 508 703 420 40 3
0 1790 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1790 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-63 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 4 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: D Neutral Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
2 4
13 30 90 83 42 2
0 0
266 NNE 0
0 0
1 8
20 42 24 30 4
0 0
129 NE 0
0 1
2 7
40 117 113 238 102 5
0 625 ENE 0
0 0
1 13 44 226 337 339 28 0
0 988 E
0 3
0 3
7 42 389 514 290 24 0
0 1272 ESE 0
0 1
4 7
64 444 373 146 17 0
0 1056 SE 0
0 1
6 6
40 171 164 150 21 2
2 563 SSE 0
0 1
5 6
37 137 115 91 7
5 4
408 S
0 0
1 5
4 23 98 103 44 3
1 2
284 SSW 0
0 0
2 6
19 55 70 48 8
4 0
212 SW 0
0 0
3 7
12 31 64 52 6
2 0
177 WSW 0
0 0
2 2
16 24 20 31 8
1 0
104 W
0 0
0 4
7 19 26 37 30 3
0 0
126 WNW 0
0 0
4 7
25 36 26 18 6
1 0
123 NW 0
0 0
2 14 16 39 26 17 9
0 0
123 NNW 0
0 1
4 10 25 49 102 91 8
1 0
291 Totals 0
3 8
52 124 472 1974 2171 1657 256 22 8
6747 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 6747 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-64 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 5 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: E Slightly Stable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
0 2
1 20 109 167 56 0
0 0
355 NNE 0
0 0
1 3
13 52 66 36 0
0 0
171 NE 0
0 3
5 11 17 96 169 225 55 0
0 581 ENE 0
0 0
2 8
49 283 476 237 11 0
0 1066 E
0 3
1 5
12 101 553 799 340 18 3
0 1835 ESE 1
0 1
5 14 92 474 505 225 17 10 1
1345 SE 0
0 0
8 20 97 311 339 157 14 11 5
962 SSE 0
2 2
4 13 63 168 143 113 16 4
4 532 S
0 0
5 7
8 55 129 98 40 4
2 2
350 SSW 0
0 1
6 12 29 90 64 32 2
1 0
237 SW 0
0 2
3 6
27 50 42 28 3
1 0
162 WSW 0
0 1
4 4
22 28 34 12 0
0 0
105 W
0 0
0 10 8
30 49 41 5
1 0
0 144 WNW 0
1 3
5 6
22 57 46 17 1
0 0
158 NW 0
0 3
9 9
29 46 45 41 3
0 0
185 NNW 0
0 1
6 7
24 78 173 129 1
0 0
419 Totals 1
6 23 82 142 690 2573 3207 1693 146 32 12 8607 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 8607 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-65 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 6 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: F Moderately Stable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 0
2 7
14 28 83 124 51 0
0 0
309 NNE 0
0 0
7 6
19 41 18 4
0 0
0 95 NE 0
0 1
9 6
30 45 8
7 0
0 0
106 ENE 0
0 1
6 9
21 30 13 4
0 0
0 84 E
1 3
1 7
11 29 82 49 4
0 0
0 187 ESE 1
1 2
6 11 29 112 73 7
0 0
0 242 SE 0
2 5
6 11 25 69 55 1
0 0
0 174 SSE 0
0 5
12 8
29 54 27 0
0 0
0 135 S
0 0
1 1
5 17 35 20 0
0 0
0 79 SSW 1
1 3
1 7
14 53 11 3
0 1
0 95 SW 0
1 3
3 7
15 37 19 2
0 1
0 88 WSW 0
0 2
2 9
16 28 23 13 0
1 0
94 W
0 1
7 8
9 23 54 53 7
0 0
0 162 WNW 0
0 1
3 11 31 53 49 10 0
0 0
158 NW 0
1 3
4 9
20 45 45 37 0
0 0
164 NNW 0
0 4
8 10 33 68 102 76 0
0 0
301 Totals 3
10 41 90 143 379 889 689 226 0
3 0
2473 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 2473 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-66 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 7 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Stability Class: G Extremely Stable Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 1
1 5
7 29 65 128 117 3
0 0
356 NNE 0
2 1
4 5
19 45 14 7
0 0
0 97 NE 0
2 0
1 9
23 38 1
0 0
0 0
74 ENE 0
1 2
2 6
23 19 1
0 0
0 0
54 E
0 1
1 7
4 13 23 4
0 0
0 0
53 ESE 0
0 2
8 4
13 11 1
0 0
0 0
39 SE 0
1 3
2 4
6 7
5 0
0 0
0 28 SSE 0
1 0
5 3
7 13 7
0 0
0 0
36 S
0 1
0 0
5 7
6 15 1
0 0
0 35 SSW 0
0 0
4 2
4 14 11 6
0 0
0 41 SW 0
1 0
4 1
9 16 21 10 0
0 0
62 WSW 1
0 1
3 4
7 26 10 11 0
0 0
63 W
0 0
1 2
4 12 34 26 3
0 0
0 82 WNW 0
0 0
2 4
22 47 44 4
0 0
0 123 NW 2
1 1
4 6
23 49 39 20 0
0 0
145 NNW 0
2 0
4 2
21 40 77 59 0
0 0
205 Totals 3
14 13 57 70 238 453 404 238 3
0 0
1493 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 1493 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-67 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-206 (Sheet 8 of 8)
Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction (60-Meter Level) by Atmospheric Stability for Units 6 & 7 Site (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Hours at Each Wind Speed and Direction Summary of All Stability Classes Total Period Period of Record: 3-Year Composite (2002, 2005, 2006)
Elevation:
60M Speed:
WS60M Direction:
WD60M Lapse:
DT10M-60M Wind Speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (from) 0.22-0.50 0.51-0.75 0.76-1.0 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-18.0
>18.0 Total N
0 1
5 18 35 118 407 600 316 8
0 0
1,508 NNE 0
2 1
13 22 75 217 184 106 7
0 0
627 NE 0
2 5
18 33 117 354 464 640 176 5
0 1,814 ENE 0
1 4
11 38 143 597 991 731 58 0
0 2,574 E
1 10 3
22 34 188 1,153 1,620 795 49 3
0 3,878 ESE 2
1 6
23 36 201 1,219 1,265 546 41 10 1
3,351 SE 0
3 9
22 43 185 688 730 440 51 14 7
2,192 SSE 0
3 8
27 34 169 558 484 273 26 9
8 1,599 S
0 1
7 15 23 118 366 426 167 15 3
4 1,145 SSW 1
1 4
13 30 76 247 237 158 26 6
0 799 SW 0
2 5
13 24 65 147 171 137 19 5
0 588 WSW 1
0 4
11 19 67 121 103 82 8
2 0
418 W
0 1
8 25 30 92 168 175 59 7
0 0
565 WNW 0
1 4
15 28 104 204 185 73 8
6 0
628 NW 2
2 7
19 43 98 212 190 147 14 0
0 734 NNW 0
2 6
22 29 113 291 576 456 27 1
0 1,523 Totals 7
33 86 287 501 1,929 6,949 8,401 5,126 540 64 20 23,943 Number of Calm Hours not included above for:
Total Period 0
Number of Variable Direction Hours for:
Total Period 0
Number of Invalid Hours for:
Total Period 2,337 Number of Valid Hours for:
Total Period 23,943 Total Hours for:
Total Period 26,280
2.3-68 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-207 Climatological Normals at Selected NWS and Cooperative Observing Stations in the Area of the Units 6 & 7 Site Station Normal Annual Temperatures (°F)
Normal Annual Precipitation Mean Monthly Maximum Mean Monthly Minimum Mean Monthly Range Mean Monthly Mean Rainfall (inches)
Snowfall (inches)
Dania 4 WNW N/A N/A N/A N/A 54.7(a)
(a)
Reference 205 0.0(a)
Flamingo Ranger Station 84.3(b)
(b)
Reference 202 66.1(b) 18.2 75.2(b) 47.5(b) 0.0(a)
Fort Lauderdale 83.4(b) 68.3(b) 15.1 75.9(b) 64.2(b) 0.0(a)
Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station 83.5(a) 64.1(a) 19.4 73.8(a) 60.9(a) 0.0(a)
Hialeah 85.3(b) 71.4(b) 13.9 78.4(b) 66.0(b) 0.0(a)
Homestead Experiment Station 84.1(c)
(c)
Reference 203 65.5(c) 18.6 74.8(c) 58.2(c) 0.0(a)
Kendall 2 E N/A N/A N/A N/A 61.6(a) 0.0(a)
Miami Beach 80.3(b) 71.3(b) 9.0 75.9(b) 46.6(b) 0.0(a)
Miami 12 SSW (POR 1931-1958) 83.4(a) 66.3(a) 17.1 74.9(d)
(d)
Value calculated as the mean of Mean Annual Maximum and Mean Annual Minimum.
N/A Not Available 55.8(a) 0.0(a)
Miami 12 SSW (POR 1958-1988) 82.9(a) 66.3(a) 16.6 74.6(d) 57.2(a) 0.0(a)
Miami International Airport 84.2(b) 69.1(b) 15.1 76.7(b) 58.5(b) 0.0(a)
Oasis Ranger Station 85.7(a) 65.9(a) 19.8 75.8(d) 58.8(c) 0.0(a)
Perrine 4 W 83.2(a) 64.9(a) 18.5 74.1(d) 61.6(c) 0.0(a)
Pompano Beach 84.5(b) 67.5(b) 17.0 76.0(b) 57.3(b) 0.0(a)
Royal Palm Ranger Station 84.9(b) 65.3(b) 19.6 75.1(b) 55.6(b) 0.0(a)
Tamiami Trail 40-Mile Bend 85.6(b) 66.0(b) 19.6 75.8(b) 51.6(b) 0.0(a)
Tavernier 82.4(b) 71.0(b) 11.4 76.7(b) 44.8(b) 0.0(a)
2.3-69 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-208 (Sheet 1 of 2)
Climatological Extremes at Selected NWS and Cooperative Observing Stations in the Area of the Units 6 & 7 Site Station Maximum Temperature
(°F)
Minimum Temperature
(°F)
Maximum 24-Hr Rainfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Rainfall (inches)
Maximum 24-Hr Snowfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Snowfall (inches)
Dania 4 WNW 96(a)(b)
(10/03/65) 42(a)(b)
(11/19/51) 9.5(a)(b)
(10/30/69) 22.0(a)(b)
(09/60) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Flamingo Ranger Station 104(c)
(06/24/98) 25(c)
(12/25/89) 8.2(c)
(08/18/81) 24.7(a)
(05/75) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Fort Lauderdale 99(c)
[07/13/80]
28(c)
(01/20/77) 14.6(c)
(04/25/79) 24.4(c)
(06/92) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Fort Lauderdale Experiment Station 100(a)(b)
(06/24/77) 26(a)(b)
(01/20/77) 11.5(a)(b)
(04/25/79) 21.3(a)(b)
(06/66) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Hialeah 100(c)
(07/10/98) 28(c)
(01/13/81) 10.0(c)
(05/05/77) 31.9(c)
(06/99) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Homestead Experiment Station 100(a)(b)(d)
(06/24/44) 26(a)(b)(e)
(02/16/43) 11.5(a)(b)
(10/05/33) 27.3(a)(b)
(08/81)
T(a)(b)
(01/19/77)
T(a)(b)
(01/77)
Kendall 2 E N/A N/A 9.8(a)(b)
(05/25/58) 23.2(a)(b)
(08/73) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Miami Beach 98(c)
(08/29/99) 32(c)
(12/24/89) 8.4(c)
(09/23/60) 17.5(c)
(05/84) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Miami 12 SSW (POR 1931-1958) 98(a)(b)(f)
(06/18/34) 28(a)(b)(g)
(02/06/47) 7.6(a)(b)
(09/22/48) 23.8(a)(b)
(09/48) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Miami 12 SSW (POR 1958-1988) 97(a)(b)(h)
(08/10/87) 25(a)(b)(i)
(01/20/77) 10.1(a)(b)
(09/10/60) 27.5(a)(b)
(09/60) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Miami International Airport 98(j)(k)(l)
(07/03/98) 30(k)(m)
(12/25/89) 14.9(k)
(04/25/79) 24.4(k)
(09/60) 0.0(c) 0.0(c)
Oasis Ranger Station 103(a)(b)
(06/18/81) 26(a)(b)(n)
(02/16/91) 8.1(a)(b)
(08/24/95) 24.2(a)(b)
(06/99) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Perrine 4 W 98(a)(b)
(07/04/98) 29(a)(b)
(12/24/89) 15.1(a)(b)
(08/26/05) 29.5(a)(b)
(09/60) 0.0(a)(b) 0.0(a)(b)
Pompano Beach 101(a)
(07/16/81) 21(a)
(02/09/95) 12.7(a)
(10/15/65) 34.4(a)(b)
(10/65) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
Royal Palm Ranger Station 102(a)(o)
(04/28/07) 24(a)
(01/20/77) 9.6(a)
(06/09/97) 25.5(a)(b)
(06/69) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
2.3-70 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Tamiami Trail 40-Mile Bend 102(a)
(06/17/81) 28(a)(p)
(12/25/89) 7.5(a)(q)
(10/16/99) 23.5(a)(b)
(06/69) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
Tavernier 98(a)(r)
(09/03/03) 35(a)(s)
(12/24/89) 13.8(a)
(06/02/82) 21.8(a)(b)
(06/67) 0.0(a) 0.0(a)
(a)
Reference 206 (b)
Reference 204 (c)
Reference 202 (d)
Occurs on multiple dates: 07/21/42; 06/24/44 (most recent date shown in table)
(e)
Occurs on multiple dates: 12/13/34; 03/02/41; 02/16/43 (most recent date shown in table)
(f)
Occurs on multiple dates: 07/09/32; 06/18/34 (most recent date shown in table)
(g)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/28/40; 02/06/47 (most recent date shown in table)
(h)
Occurs on multiple dates: 05/01/71; 06/25/87 (most recent date shown in table)
(i)
Occurs on multiple dates: 08/06/54; 07/19/81; 06/04/85 (most recent date shown in table)
(j)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/22/85; 12/25/89 (most recent date shown in table)
(k)
Reference 201 (l)
Occurs on multiple dates: 06/04/85; 07/03/98; 08/01/90 (most recent date shown in table)
(m) Occurs on multiple dates: 01/22/85; 12/25/89 (most recent date shown in table)
(n)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/12/89; 12/25/89; 02/16/91 (most recent date shown in table)
(o)
Occurs on multiple dates: 07/22/96; 04/28/07 (most recent date shown in table)
(p)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/22/85; 12/25/89 (most recent date shown in table)
(q)
Occurs on multiple dates: 09/23/48; 10/16/99 (most recent date shown in table)
(r)
Occurs on multiple dates: 08/14/57; 09/03/63 (most recent date shown in table)
(s)
Occurs on multiple dates: 01/13/81;12/24/89 (most recent date shown in table)
N/A Not Available. This parameter is not measured at this station.
T Trace Table 2.3.2-208 (Sheet 2 of 2)
Climatological Extremes at Selected NWS and Cooperative Observing Stations in the Area of the Units 6 & 7 Site Station Maximum Temperature
(°F)
Minimum Temperature
(°F)
Maximum 24-Hr Rainfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Rainfall (inches)
Maximum 24-Hr Snowfall (inches)
Maximum Monthly Snowfall (inches)
2.3-71 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-209 CALPUFF Predicted Visible Cooling Tower Vapor Plume Height and Length All Hours Conditions Winter Spring Summer Autumn Annual(a)
(a)
Annual average of the 5-year period from 2001 to 2005.
hours/year hours/year hours/year hours/year hours/year Ambient Fog/
Calm Hours Removed 718 41.7 387 22.5 230 13.3 388 22.5 1723 100.0 Plume Height (m)
>0 200 365 50.78 222 57.45 115 50.00 206 53.17 908 52.71
>200 400 328 45.63 153 39.61 106 46.25 168 43.32 755 43.84
>400 600 15 2.14 8
1.96 6
2.53 9
2.37 38 2.21
>600 1000 10 1.34 4
0.98 3
1.13 4
1.13 20 1.18
>1000 1
0.11 0
0.00 0
0.09 0
0.00 1
0.06 Plume Length (m)
>0 100 166 23.1 111.2 28.75 65.8 28.66 104.4 26.92 447 25.96
>100 300 220 30.6 119.6 30.92 67.4 29.36 104.8 27.02 511 29.69
>300 500 35 4.8 16.2 4.19 9.4 4.09 14.8 3.82 75 4.35
>500 1000 46 6.5 25 6.46 17.4 7.58 38.6 9.95 127 7.40
>1000 3000 84 11.6 43.6 11.27 28.4 12.37 47.6 12.27 203 11.80
>3000 5000 52.4 7.29 22.4 5.79 16.6 7.23 26.2 6.76 118 6.83
>5000 116 16.15 49 12.62 25 10.71 51 13.25 241 13.98
2.3-72 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.2-210 CALPUFF Predicted Visible Cooling Tower Vapor Plume Height and Length Daylight Hours Conditions Winter Spring Summer Autumn Annual(a)
(a)
Annual average of the 5-year period from 2001 to 2005.
hours/year hours/year hours/year hours/year hours/year Ambient Fog/
Calm Hours Removed 213 36.5%
137 23.4 99 17.0 134 23.0 584 100.0 Plume Height (m)
>0 200 119 55.87 84 61.40 57 57.75 77 56.99 337 57.75
>200 400 79 36.90 46 33.48 34 34.61 47 35.12 206 35.30
>400 600 9
41.13 5
3.36 6
5.63 7
5.06 26 4.42
>600 1000 6
2.91 2
1.75 2
1.81 4
2.83 14 2.43
>1000 0
0.19 0
0.00 0
0.20 0
0.00 1
0.10 Plume Length (m)
>0 100 61 28.8 41.4 30.26 30.8 30.99 37.6 27.98 171 29.34
>100 300 77 36.3 55 40.20 42 42.25 46.4 34.52 221 37.83
>300 500 13 5.9 7.8 5.70 5.6 5.63 7.4 5.51 33 5.75
>500 1000 15 7.2 11.6 8.48 9.6 9.66 16 11.90 53 9.01
>1000 3000 19 8.8 9.8 7.16 7.6 7.65 13 9.67 49 8.43
>3000 5000 7.4 3.47 3.6 2.63 1.8 1.81 4
2.98 17 2.88
>5000 20 9.39 8
5.56 2
2.01 10 7.44 40 6.79
2.3-73 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-201 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Annual (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-74 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-202 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Winter (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-75 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-203 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Spring (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-76 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-204 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Summer (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-77 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-205 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Autumn (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-78 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose January (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 1 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-79 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose February (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 2 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-80 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose March (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 3 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-81 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose April (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 4 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-82 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose May (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 5 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-83 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose June (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 6 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-84 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose July (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 7 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 6%
12%
18%
24%
30%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-85 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose August (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 8 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-86 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose September (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 9 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-87 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose October (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 10 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-88 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose November (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 11 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-89 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-206 10-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose December (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 12 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-90 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-207 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Annual (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-91 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-208 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Winter (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-92 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-209 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Spring (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-93 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-210 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Summer (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-94 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-211 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose Autumn (2002, 2005, and 2006)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-95 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose January (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 1 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-96 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose February (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 2 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-97 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose March (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 3 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-98 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose April (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 4 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-99 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose May (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 5 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-100 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose June (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 6 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-101 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose July (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 7 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-102 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose August (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 8 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-103 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose September (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 9 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-104 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose October (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 10 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-105 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose November (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 11 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-106 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-212 60-Meter Level 3-Year Composite Wind Rose December (2002, 2005, and 2006) (Sheet 12 of 12)
NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
WIND SPEED (m/s)
>= 10.7 8.3 - 10.7 5.6 - 8.3 3.4 - 5.6 1.6 - 3.4 0.2 - 1.6 Calms: 0.00%
2.3-107 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-213 Terrain Elevation Profiles Within 50 Miles of the Units 6 & 7 Site (Sheet 1 of 6)
Profile 1: East
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
Profile 2: East-northeast
-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
Profile 3: Northeast
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
2.3-108 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-213 Terrain Elevation Profiles Within 50 Miles of the Units 6 & 7 Site (Sheet 2 of 6)
Profile 4: North-northeast
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
Profile 5: North
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
Profile 6: North-northwest 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
2.3-109 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-213 Terrain Elevation Profiles Within 50 Miles of the Units 6 & 7 Site (Sheet 3 of 6)
Profile 7: Northwest
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
Profile 8: West-northwest 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
Profile 9: West
-2.0
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
2.3-110 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-213 Terrain Elevation Profiles Within 50 Miles of the Units 6 & 7 Site (Sheet 4 of 6)
Profile 10: West-southwest
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance (Miles)
Elevation (Feet)
Profile 11: Southwest
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Profile 12: South-southwest
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2.3-111 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-213 Terrain Elevation Profiles Within 50 Miles of the Units 6 & 7 Site (Sheet 5 of 6)
Profile 13: South
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Profile 14: South-southeast
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Profile 15: Southeast
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2.3-112 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-213 Terrain Elevation Profiles Within 50 Miles of the Units 6 & 7 Site (Sheet 6 of 6)
Profile 16: East-southeast
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2.3-113 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.2-214 Topographic Features Within 5 Miles of the Units 6 & 7 Site
2.3-114 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.3 Onsite Meteorological Measurement Programs This subsection provides a description of the onsite preoperational and operational meteorological monitoring programs for Units 6 & 7, including a description and site map showing tower locations with respect to man-made structures, topographic features, and other site features that can influence site meteorological measurements. In addition, a description of measurements made including elevations and exposure of instruments; instruments used including instrument performance specifications, calibration and maintenance procedures; data output and recording systems and locations; and data processing, archiving, and analysis procedures is provided by this subsection.
The Units 6 & 7 meteorological monitoring program is comprised of a set of towers and their associated shelters, electronic racks, power systems, and power backup systems. The onsite meteorological monitoring programs for Units 6 & 7 consist of two phases:
Preoperational Monitoring As a result of nearby existing Units 3 & 4, data from the Units 3
& 4 meteorological stations during 2002, 2005, and 2006 establish a baseline for identifying and assessing environmental impacts resulting from operation of Units 6 & 7. The preoperational meteorological monitoring program for Units 6 & 7 is conducted in conformance with RG 1.23, Revision 1 for the existing configuration, except as noted in the following description.
Operational Monitoring the same preoperational set of existing meteorological stations is used for the operational phase for Units 6 & 7. Because the current meteorological monitoring program for Units 3 & 4 is conducted in accordance with the regulatory guidance criteria (except as noted), the existing system may continue to be used for Units 6 & 7 during plant operation. Although the current system, including meteorological sensors, may be upgraded periodically or replaced before new plant operation, the functional requirements of the operational program for Units 6 & 7 are described based on the current system.
Data from the meteorological monitoring stations is used to:
Describe local and regional atmospheric transport and diffusion characteristics
Calculate the dispersion estimates for both postulated accidental and expected routine airborne releases of effluents
Compare with offsite sources to determine the appropriateness of climatological data used for design considerations
Evaluate environmental risk from the radiological consequences of a spectrum of postulated accidents
Provide a meteorological database for evaluation of the effects from plant construction and operation, including radiological and nonradiological impacts and real-time predictions of atmospheric effluent transport and diffusion
Develop emergency response plans, including provision for real-time meteorological data and plume trajectory dispersion modeling capabilities for dose and exposure predictions 2.3.3.1 Preoperational and Operational Monitoring Programs This subsection describes the current meteorological monitoring program operated in support of existing Units 3 & 4, focusing primarily on the period of record used to provide meteorological data for
2.3-115 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR the COL Application for Units 6 & 7 (i.e., the years 2002, 2005, and 2006). The same meteorological monitoring program is in use for operational monitoring for proposed Units 6 & 7.
The 2002, 2005 and 2006 period of data taken for Units 3 & 4 is determined to be the best available (using validated data with least data substitution), representative (tower and sensor siting in accordance with RG 1.23, Revision 1), and complete (with annualized composite data recovery of 90 percent), without being older than 10 years. Because RG 1.23, Revision 1 specifies that 3 or more years of data is preferable, 3 years (i.e., 2002, 2005 and 2006) of Units 3 & 4 data is used in support of the preoperational monitoring program for Units 6 & 7. The findings presented below indicate that these 3 years of data are suitable for use in characterizing the atmospheric dispersion conditions for Units 6 & 7.
Two meteorological towers are located onsite; the 60-meter South Dade tower (Figure 2.3.3-201) and the 10-meter land utilization (LU) tower (Figure 2.3.3-202) near the land utilization office. The operational meteorological monitoring program consists of the existing South Dade 60-meter tower and the existing 10-meter LU tower.
The 60-meter South Dade meteorological tower serves as the data collection system and source of onsite meteorological data for the COL Application (10-meter and 60-meter levels) and the 10-meter LU tower serves as a backup to this system. The 10-meter wind speed and wind direction data from the LU tower is primarily used in emergency situations at the site. The data from the South Dade 60-meter tower is used as backup during a plant emergency, if needed. The rationale for designating the LU tower for emergency situations for wind speed and wind direction is that it is physically closer to the plant and can provide a representative reading and allow more reliable dose assessment.
The meteorological instrumentation is located at multiple levels on the 60-meter South Dade guyed tower, and at a single level on the 10-meter LU tower. The meteorological instrumentation on these towers is summarized in Table 2.3.3-201.
The South Dade and LU wind sensors are designed to operate across the range from 0 to 125 mph (56 meters per second). The 60-meter South Dade meteorological tower is located approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 kilometers) southwest of Units 3 & 4. The height of the concrete pad on which the tower rests is approximately 18 inches (45.7 centimeters).
The height of the sensors for wind direction and speed at the 10-meter elevation of the South Dade meteorological tower is 38 feet (11.58 meters) above local grade surface. The height of temperature sensors A and B at the 10-meter elevation of the South Dade meteorological tower is 34 feet [10.36 meters] above local grade surface. The South Dade meteorological tower was rebuilt in 1994, consistent with the relevant regulatory guidance.
The 10-meter LU tower measures wind speed, wind direction, standard deviation of wind direction (used to indicate atmospheric stability), and rainfall.
Subsection 2.3.3.1.1 describes meteorological tower location and siting, while Subsection 2.3.3.1.2 describes meteorological instrumentation and siting.
2.3.3.1.1 Meteorological Tower Location and Siting The following topics are addressed regarding meteorological tower location and siting:
Subsection 2.3.3.1.1.1 describes general location
Subsection 2.3.3.1.1.2 addresses tower location relative to potential obstructions to airflow
2.3-116 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR
Subsection 2.3.3.1.1.3 describes tower location relative to potential sources of heat and moisture
Subsection 2.3.3.1.1.4 addresses tower location relative to Biscayne Bay 2.3.3.1.1.1 General Location Refer to Subsection 2.3.2.2.1 (Topographic Description) for a general description of topographic features up to 50-miles (80-kilometers) from Units 6 & 7. Digital map elevations in this radial area and more detailed topographic features 5 miles (8 kilometers) from the site are shown, including elevation characteristics in the immediate vicinity of Turkey Point.
Figures 2.3.3-201 and 2.3.3-202 show the location of 60-meter South Dade tower and 10-meter LU tower in relation to existing Units 3 & 4, Units 6 & 7, cooling towers, the existing cooling canals, and Biscayne Bay, respectively. The 60-meter South Dade tower is located at 25° 21' 05.74120" north latitude and 80° 22' 45.54962" west longitude, approximately 11.3 kilometers (7 miles) south of the LU building. The 10-meter LU tower is located at 25 25' 35.072" north latitude and 80° 20' 15.536" west longitude, near the LU building.
Section 1.2 describes the final grade elevation of Units 6 & 7, which is approximately 25 feet (7.6 meters) North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88). The Units 6 & 7 control room/receptor elevation relative to grade at 0.0 meters for the plant vent release elevation is 183 feet (55.7 meters) and the passive containment cooling system air diffuser elevation relative to grade at 0.0 meters is 229 feet (69.8 meters) (Table 15A-7).
Although the base of the South Dade tower is approximately 25 feet below the elevation of the finished grade of Units 6 & 7, there are minimal terrain variations between the tower and Units 6 & 7.
Therefore, it is concluded that the location of the South Dade tower site and Units 6 & 7 have similar meteorological exposures. The tower and instrument siting conformance status in relation to RG 1.23, Revision 1 are summarized in Tables 2.3.3-202 and 2.3.3-203, respectively. The base of the LU tower is approximately 22 feet below the finished grade of Units 6 & 7. Based on the relatively close distance (0.30 miles) of the LU tower to Units 6 & 7, the LU tower requires relocation because of different meteorological exposures.
2.3.3.1.1.2 Tower Location Relative to Potential Obstructions to Airflow The wind sensors should be located over level, open terrain at a distance of at least 10 times the height of any nearby natural and man-made obstructions (e.g., terrain, trees and buildings), if the height of the obstruction exceeds one-half the height of the wind measurements (in accordance with RG 1.23, Revision 1). Therefore, an assessment is made regarding whether the wind measurements at locations and heights on the towers avoid airflow modifications by obstructions and the findings follow below:
Figure 2.3.3-201 presents the 60-meter South Dade tower in relation to potential obstructions to airflow. The emergency generator shelter mound is located approximately 21.5 feet (6.6 meters) north of the tower and the emergency generator shelter building is located approximately 36.75 feet (11.2 meters) north of the tower. The emergency generator shelter mound is approximately 9.6 feet (2.9 meters) above ground level and the shelter roof is approximately 10.75 feet (3.3 meters) above the base, for a total height of approximately 20.4 feet (6.2 meters).
The emergency generator shelter houses the data acquisition system for tower measurements and is located on a raised mound to protect it from tidal surges during hurricanes. The azimuth angles of each side of the shelter were sighted and measured from the tower base. These form the basis of defining a sector of possible influence. This sector extends from approximately 353 degrees to
2.3-117 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 28 degrees in the 360 degree tower wind measurement field. A frequency of occurrence analysis of wind direction for 1 year (January-December 2003) of wind data from the 10-meter level at the 60-meter meteorological station show winds from the sector of possible influence occurred 6.8 percent of the time during 2003.
The LU meteorological tower equipment shelter is currently approximately 35 feet (10.7 meters) west of the 10-meter LU tower. With an obstruction height of approximately 20 feet, according to the 10-times-the-height-of-the-obstruction convention, the tower should be 200 feet away. Because tower separation from the obstruction is approximately 35 feet, the site does not meet conventional specifications for the measurement of an obstruction. A utility pole exists northwest of the LU tower. It should be noted, however, that similar to the South Dade tower, the obstructions are not in the path of prevailing east wind direction flow.
Because of the increased traffic during Units 6 & 7 construction and the raised elevation of the finished plant grade and associated structures, the LU tower requires relocation to an appropriate location on the plant property to ensure tower/instrument operation is in conformance with relevant regulations.
At least 3 months prior to the start of Units 6 & 7 construction activities that could potentially impact the location and/or monitoring capabilities of the current 10-meter meteorological LU tower, a replacement 10-meter meteorological tower will be installed and made operational at an appropriate location on the Turkey Point plant property.
There have been no changes to obstructions in relation to the 60-meter South Dade tower for the period 2002, 2005, and 2006. Potential wake effects are not considered to have influenced wind measurements from the 60-meter South Dade tower during this period of record.
2.3.3.1.1.3 Tower Location Relative to Potential Sources of Heat and Moisture The predominant potential source of heat and moisture in the vicinity of the 60-meter South Dade tower site is the 5900-acre (2388 hectare) industrial wastewater facility/cooling canals, of which 4370 acres (1768 hectare) is water surface (Reference 202).
The 60-meter South Dade tower is located approximately 4500 feet (1372 meters) southwest of the cooling canals. Because of the relatively large size of the cooling canals, it is expected that the cooling canals could have certain influence to the meteorological data monitoring especially when the meteorological tower is located downwind from the cooling canals. Wind directions from the NNE to ENE have a straight-line, over-canal, upwind fetch in relation to the 60-meter tower.
Warmer temperatures from the cooling canals could increase the lower level temperature and create thermal instability. Subsequently, more unstable atmospheric stability is expected. However, this effect enhances the dispersion capability for releases occurring near the plant site.
The water temperature from the Units 3 & 4 plant discharge into the cooling canals averages approximately 105°F (41°C), based on 18 years of measurements between 1980 and 1998. The water temperature in the plant intake from the cooling canals averages approximately 91°F (33°C) during the same period. Temperatures in the southern portions of the cooling leg average approximately 93°F (34°C) (Reference 202).
Ocean water temperatures at Miami Beach average 80.1°F (26.7°C) on an annual basis, ranging from a low of 71.9°F (22.2°C) in January to a high of 88.5°F (31.4°C) in August (Reference 202).
Water temperatures in the southern portion of the cooling canals are expected to track ocean water temperatures over the course of the year. Air temperatures are not expected to be modified significantly during onshore airflow conditions between the shoreline and the tower site. When the
2.3-118 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR southeasterly winds prevail, the air traveling through the south Atlantic could have some counter effect to the warming of the cooling canals.
The measured data represents the conditions of the parcel of air if a release occurs from Units 6 & 7 and travels over the cooling canals.
The ground surface surrounding the 60-meter South Dade tower is a grainy, light-colored material with patches of low-cut grass or weeds around the base of the tower which is typical of ground cover in the area. Light-colored ground surface is a potential source of reflective heat that might influence lower-level temperature measurements.
The cooling system for Units 6 & 7 includes six mechanical draft cooling towers. The cooling canals in the industrial wastewater facility are approximately 4500 feet northeast of the South Dade tower at their closest point, while the Units 6 & 7 cooling towers are approximately 5.5 miles northeast of the South Dade tower. The location of the South Dade tower is not directly downwind of the cooling canals or the Units 6 & 7 cooling towers under the prevailing downwind wind direction (i.e., easterly).
Therefore, there is no influence on the South Dade heat sensors. In addition, the tower temperature sensors are mounted in fan-aspirated radiation shields, which are horizontal to minimize the impact of thermal radiation and precipitation.
The LU tower is located immediately adjacent to the main return canal in the industrial wastewater facility. Temperature is not measured at this location. The LU tower is used for emergency situations only (short-term) and not for normal data collection/reporting. No parameters related to atmospheric moisture are currently measured on the Turkey Point plant property.
Tropical Storm Gordon in November 13-16, 1994 flooded near the base of the 60-meter South Dade tower. There was some less severe flooding in 2005. The 10-meter temperature measurements may have been influenced (e.g., lower than what might otherwise have been observed had the ground surface not been covered with water).
No paved or other improved surfaces were located in the vicinity of the 60-meter tower during 2002, 2005, or 2006.
2.3.3.1.1.4 Tower Location Relative to Biscayne Bay The 60-meter South Dade tower is located approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) west from Biscayne Bay. Refer to Subsection 2.3.1.1 for a general description of the effects of Biscayne Bay and adjacent waters on the climate of the Turkey Plant site.
Coastal locations are frequently subject to the daytime formation of a temperature discontinuity referred to as the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL). The TIBL develops at or very near the land-water interface based on the rate of differential heating between the land and water surfaces, wind conditions and other factors. In general, the TIBL increases in height with increasing distance from the coastline (NUREG/CR-0936).
It is important in siting a meteorological tower in a coastal location, which provides data to be used in atmospheric dispersion calculations, to ensure that the different measurement levels on the tower are in the same boundary layer of air. Consequently, such towers are not located directly on the coastline, but rather some distance inland where the TIBL height is usually greater than the instrument levels on the tower (NUREG/CR-0936).
The 60-meter South Dade tower is located approximately three miles (4.8 kilometers) inland. The TIBL horizontal extent penetrates inland from the shoreline, however it is likely to do so at an elevation greater than the instrument levels on the tower.
2.3-119 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.3.1.2 Meteorological Instrumentation and Siting This subsection describes parameters measured, instrument siting, and system accuracies for the 60-meter South Dade tower during 2002, 2005 and 2006.
2.3.3.1.2.1 Parameters Measured The meteorological parameters measured at the 60-meter South Dade tower during 2002, 2005 and 2006 are wind speed, wind direction, air temperature A and air temperature B at both the 60-meter height and the 10-meter height. Also measured were solar radiation, barometric pressure, and precipitation.
Ambient temperature is monitored both at the 10- and the 60-meter levels. The T is calculated as the difference between the temperatures measured at 10 meters and at 60 meters. Precipitation is measured at 24.5 feet (7.5 meters) southeast from base of the 60-meter South Dade tower at a height of 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) above ground, while the solar radiation is measured at 4 feet (1.2 meters) above ground.
The meteorological monitoring system block diagrams reflecting the operational station monitoring system configuration during 2002, 2005, and 2006 are provided as Figures 2.3.3-203 and 2.3.3-204 for the South Dade and LU towers, respectively.
Instrumentation (ambient temperature, T, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation [rainfall], solar radiation, and time) conforms to Revision 1 of RG 1.23, Revision 1 during the 2002, 2005 and 2006 period of record.
Table 2.3.3-204 lists, by parameter: measurement height; sensor type; manufacturer and model number; operating range; measurement resolution; starting thresholds (wind speed and direction sensors only); for the Units 6 & 7 meteorological data collection system.
Wind speed, wind direction, and wind direction standard deviation (i.e., sigma theta for atmospheric stability class determination) are obtained at the 10-meter level on the LU 10-meter tower. The LU 10-meter tower provides wind speed, wind direction, and standard deviation of wind direction data to the plant. The standard deviation of wind direction is used to indicate atmospheric stability. Either the LU tower or the South Dade tower is required to be operational. The LU tower measures wind using a Climatronics Wind sensor. It also measures rainfall using a Climatronics tipping bucket rain gauge.
No parameters related to atmospheric moisture are measured at the Turkey Point plant property.
Subsection 2.3.3.1.2.3 contains a more detailed description of system accuracies.
2.3.3.1.2.2 Instrument Siting The 60-meter South Dade tower, rebuilt in 1994, is 197 feet tall, constructed out of steel, with open-lattice shape, and guyed. The meteorological instrumentation is located at multiple levels on the 60-meter guyed tower, with platforms at 10 meters, 60 meters, and an intermediate (non-instrumented) level. The meteorological instrumentation heights are summarized in Table 2.3.3-201.
The wind sensors are mounted on booms into the prevailing southeast wind direction approximately 6 feet (1.8 meters) away from the open-lattice tower. This position on the boom is equal to two tower widths (one tower width is 3 feet [0.9 meters]) away from the tower. The wind speed and wind direction boom is pointed southeast into the prevailing wind direction.
2.3-120 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR The temperature sensors discharge points north. Temperature sensors are mounted on booms at a distance of approximately 4 feet (1.2 meters) (< 1.5 tower horizontal widths) from the tower so that the sensors are unaffected by thermal radiation from the tower. To further ensure that air temperature measurements avoid air modification by heat and moisture, their sensors are mounted in fan aspirated solar radiation shields.
The barometric pressure sensor is located outside the tower control building on the south wall.
Barometric pressure is not reported to the NRC.
The solar radiation sensor is approximately 23 feet (7 meters) southeast from the base of the 60-meter South Dade tower. The sensor (Eppley Black and White Pyranometer Model 8-48) is mounted 4 feet (1.2 meters) above ground.
The rain gauge is located approximately 24.5 feet (7.5 meters) southeast from base of 60-meter South Dade tower. The top edge of the rain gauge is 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) above ground. The ground surface surrounding the base of the rain gauge and the 60-meter South Dade tower is a grainy, light-colored material with patches of low-cut grass or weeds that is typical of ground cover in the area. A wind shield is not installed on the rain gauge. The wind speed and wind direction sensors and rain gauge are not heated.
2.3.3.1.2.3 System Accuracies The overall station system accuracies include the errors introduced by sensors, cables, signal conditioners, temperature environments for signal conditioning and recording equipment, recorders, processors, data displays, and the data reduction process. The system accuracies of the Units 6 & 7 meteorological station data collection system are compared against the regulatory requirements and the findings are summarized in Table 2.3.3-204. As shown in the table, the system accuracies of the proposed system meet the regulatory guidance in accordance with RG 1.23, Revision 1 and ANSI/ANS 3.11 (Reference 204).
The time clock is not calibrated, but is checked as part of weekly tower inspection visits. Time is recorded as Eastern Standard Time during 2002, 2005, and 2006.
The calibration procedures perform system accuracies from sensor to data logger (sensor to end point). Calibration forms are used for the plant computer and indication in the control room.
2.3.3.1.3 System Operation, Maintenance, and Calibration This subsection describes system operation and maintenance, and system calibration.
2.3.3.1.3.1 System Operation and Maintenance Meteorological sensors used on both meteorological towers are designed to operate in the environmental conditions found at the Turkey Point site. Specifically, this instrumentation is capable of withstanding the following environmental conditions:
Ambient temperature range of -22°F (-30°C) to 122°F (50°C)
Wind load up to 100 miles per hour (45 meters per second) (the wind sensors blew away during Hurricane Andrew)
The instruments on the towers are off-the-shelf components and are used universally throughout the nuclear industry and others for the purpose of meteorological measurement. Based on operating experience, the only adverse operational effects that have been noted is the susceptibility of the
2.3-121 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR rotating-cup and weather vane instruments to bearing wear and degradation due to the site environmental conditions that required the instruments to be rebuilt or replaced approximately every 6 months. The meteorological tower guy wires are inspected on an annual basis and the tower anchors are inspected once every three years, in accordance with NRC Regulatory Guide 1.23, Revision 1, Section C.5.
2.3.3.1.3.2 System Calibration Calibration and maintenance of the onsite meteorological monitoring station system are performed in accordance with RG 1.23, Revision 1, Section C.5., Regulatory Position, Instrument Maintenance and Servicing Schedules and ANSI/ANS 3.11, Section 7, System Performance (Reference 204). The existing meteorological monitoring system is calibrated semi-annually at both towers, and channel checks are performed daily in order to achieve maximum data recovery.
Detailed instrument calibration procedures and acceptance criteria are strictly followed during station system calibration. Calibrations verify and, if necessary, re-establish accuracies of sensors, associated signal processing equipment and displays. Routine calibrations include obtaining both as-found (prior to maintenance) and as-left (final configuration for operation) results. The end-to-end results are compared with expected values. Any observed anomalies which may affect equipment performance or reliability are reported for corrective action. If any acceptance criteria is not met during performance of calibration procedures, timely corrective measures (e.g., adjusting response to conform to desired results by qualified personnel onsite or return the sensor to vendor for calibration) are initiated. Inspection, service, and maintenance, including preventive and/or corrective maintenance on system components for transmitting, manipulating, and/or processing meteorological data for computer display or storage, are performed according to the instrument manuals and plant surveillance program procedures to maintain at least 90 percent data recovery.
The following semiannual calibrations occur in June and December:
Emergency Response Data Acquisition and Display System calibration data points
Loop checks from tower (5 points)
Outage notification and system calibration to maintain the system accuracy of the meteorological system)
Final Overlap Test:
Repair Calibrations: As needed from any combination of the above.
Routine site checks are conducted weekly
Troubleshooting of individual channels on the meteorological parameters system loop.
2.3.3.1.4 Data Acquisition and Recording Data loggers and communication equipment at the LU and South Dade meteorology tower station shelters include a new CR1000 data logger and new radio communication equipment. The radios are Campbell Scientific model RF310. They are manufactured by Midland (Midlandradio.com) as model SD125V2 VHF. The configuration changes occurred in 2007, as follows:
An older Climatronics analog system was replaced with a new supervisory control and data acquisition/ModBus digital radio system. Data is currently independently polled on frequencies A and B using ModBus commands from the meteorological towers to the Foxboro computers for
2.3-122 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Units 3 & 4. Somewhat aged data loggers have been replaced with new ones. The data acquisition system for the LU office has been upgraded.
Independent microprocessors are used as the primary data collection system for the meteorological towers, with digital data recorders used as a backup data collection system. The microprocessors sample the meteorological processor modules once per second for each parameter measured except for precipitation. Water collected by the rain gauge is automatically drained and counted each time an internal bucket fills with 0.01 inch of rainfall. The temperature difference (T) is calculated from the difference between 60-meter and 10-meter level ambient temperature measurements.
The station processing equipment is housed in environmentally controlled (air-conditioned) shelters.
A direct readout capability from these microprocessors is included. The equipment is located in the station instrument shelter near the base of the South Dade Tower, across the road from the LU tower, in the LU office, and in the Units 3 & 4 control room.
The LU and control room have Omni meteorological antennae and a meteorological data loggers.
The South Dade tower uses Yagi antennas. Meteorological communications equipment provides radio-transmitted serial data communications back to the computer room.
Personnel in the LU office monitor the data being reported by the meteorological towers and they are required to submit meteorological reports to the NRC. LoggerNet' software (computer software for Campbell Scientific dataloggers supporting programming, communications, and data retrieval between Campbell Scientific dataloggers and a PC) has been installed on a personal computer (PC) in the LU office so it can receive data from the meteorological towers using Frequency C. LoggerNet is also able to send data logger programs, check and set the data logger clocks and other normal LoggerNet functions.
Real time monitoring of the met tower data is accomplished by programming the meteorological tower data loggers to send their one minute data shortly after the end of the minute using the SendData command. RTMC software is used to build graphs and charts that display the data in the minute of its receipt.
NRC reportable data is required to be in discrete 1-hour intervals. LoggerNet has been set up to poll or request the hourly data from the met towers every 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br />.
2.3.3.1.5 Data Processing and Validation This subsection describes data reduction and review, data validation, and data reporting and archival.
2.3.3.1.5.1 Data Reduction and Review Hourly average data is downloaded and formatted monthly for review and editing. Acceptable data editing methods have been established and implemented. Missing or invalid 60-meter tower 10-meter wind speed, wind direction, and T data are deleted or manually replaced with backup tower data.
2.3-123 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.3.1.5.2 Data Validation Processing of monthly, quarterly and annual data files have defined procedures. Validation checks for monthly data may include importing the file into Microsoft Office Excel and plotting the temperaturesTA10 against TB10 and TA60 against TB60. The point of this exercise is to try to see which one is at fault if one temperature goes too low, which happens when the terminals are corroded and wet. For this reason, plotting the precipitation as well can frequently provide additional information. FPLDiagnose (uncompiled Microsoft Visual Basic) is used on the file, which flags the problems. The user can then set a status of valid or missing for each issue, then apply the NRC checks. The FPLDiagnose program writes the following files:
TPyy.mmm files, with the validations applied
TPyymmm.err files, which contain the record of the flags and invalidations
MTPyymmm.csv files, which have the record of sigma thetas set to missing because of wind speeds below 3.5 miles per hour
DTPyy.mmm files, which are used for input to subsequent programs The acceptance criteria for the meteorological data are as follows:
1.
Wind direction out of range (0-360°)
2.
Wind direction absolute difference between the 10- and 60-meter levels too large (wind speed >12 miles per hour for both levels, wind direction difference >= 30°)
3.
Wind speed out of range (0-99 miles per hour) 4.
Wind speed absolute difference between the 60- and 10-meter levels too large (wind speed difference >=15 miles per hour) 5.
Temperatures A and B for each level do not match within 0.5° F 6.
The T A and B do not match within 0.5°C per 100 meters 7.
The T less than -3.4°C per 100 meters 8.
Sigma-Theta unreasonable (WS10 < 3.5 miles per hour) 2.3.3.1.5.3 Data Reporting and Archival An additional feature of the data acquisition system is the storage of the 15-and 60-minute averaged meteorological data. At a minimum, the latest 12 months of averaged data resides on the system hard-drive. The historical data can be retrieved, archived, displayed, or printed. Running 15-minute-averaged data is stored on local plant computers for trending and reporting purposes in accordance with RG 1.21.
2.3.3.1.6 Data Recovery and Representativeness The 3 years of data used in the atmospheric dispersion estimates was determined to be (1) the best available, because the data has been validated and required the least data substitution, (2) representative, because the meteorological tower and sensor siting were performed in accordance
2.3-124 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR with RG 1.23, Revision 1, and (3) complete with annualized data recovery of 90 percent as shown in Table 2.3.3-205.
Three years of representative data (i.e., 2002, 2005, and 2006) collected at the existing towers are used in preparing the Units 6 & 7 COL Application. The data set satisfies the guidance provided in RG 1.23, Revision 1. The required joint frequency distributions are presented in Subsection 2.3.2, Tables 2.3.2-205 and 2.3.2-206 in the format described in RG 1.23, Revision 1 for the following: wind speed and wind direction by stability class and by stability classes combined for the 10- and 60-meter levels measurements.
The annualized data recovery rates for 2002, 2005, and 2006 are presented in Table 2.3.3-205 for the individual parameters (e.g., wind speed and wind direction) and the composite parameters. As shown in the table, data recovery rates (with the exception of 60-meter wind direction in 2005 of 89.59 percent) exceed 90 percent as specified in RG 1.23, Revision 1. Although measured, barometric pressure and solar radiation data were not validated and so are not included in this table (or in the NRC-formatted data file).
The recovery rate is greater than 90 percent for each of the 3 years when considering the 10-meter speed and direction combined with the vertical temperature difference. Data recovery for the 60-meter speed and direction combined with the vertical temperature difference also is greater than 90 percent for the 3-year composite, but not for each individual year (2005 being slightly less than 80 percent for this joint recovery) For the AP1000 design only the 10-meter joint frequency distributions are applicable to modeling potential accidental and routine releases, and composite 3-year data recoveries for 60-meter wind speed and wind direction are greater than 90 percent if used in the ARCON96 modeling of control room dispersion estimates.
Refer to Subsections 2.3.2.2.1 through 2.3.2.2.3 for descriptions of the long-term representativeness of atmospheric dispersion-related parameters based on the 2002, 2005 and 2006 period of record (i.e., winds and atmospheric stability).
Refer to Subsections 2.3.1.3.4, 2.3.2.2.4, and 2.3.2.2.6 for descriptions of the long-term representativeness of normal, mean and extreme precipitation (rainfall) and temperature conditions that might be expected to occur at the Turkey Point site.
2.3.3.1.7 Emergency Preparedness Support The Units 6 & 7 onsite data collection system is used to provide representative meteorological data for use in real-time atmospheric dispersion modeling for dose assessments during and following any accidental atmospheric radiological releases. The data is also used to represent meteorological conditions in the 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone radius in NUREG 0696, NUREG 0737, and NUREG 0654.
Microprocessors sample the meteorological processor modules once per second for each of the following parameters in order to provide near real-time meteorological data for use in atmospheric dispersion modeling: wind speed, wind direction, and ambient temperature for calculations of vertical temperature difference. Dose assessment calculations are performed using the most recent 15-minute average of data in RG 1.97.
In order to identify rapidly changing meteorological conditions for use in performing emergency response dose consequence assessments, 15-minute average values are compiled for real-time display in the Units 6 & 7 control room, technical support center, and emergency operations facility.
The meteorological channels required for input to the dose consequence assessment models are available and presented in a format compatible for input to these dose assessment models in RG 1.97.
2.3-125 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Currently, provisions are in place to obtain representative regional meteorological data during an emergency if the site meteorological system is unavailable.
2.3.3.1.8 Need of Additional Data Sources for Airflow Trajectories Topographic features and the dispersion characteristics of the area of the site were examined in Subsections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3.1. The area of the site is generally flat and is considered an open terrain site. The airflow is dominated mostly by large-scale weather patterns and infrequent recirculation of airflow during periods of prolonged atmospheric stagnation.
The NRC-sponsored computational model (XOQDOQ), based on RG 1.111, is a constant mean wind direction model, using meteorological data from a single station to calculate dispersion estimates out to 50 miles of a site of interest. In the model, application of terrain induced airflow-recirculation factor options are provided to account for the effects of airflow recirculation phenomenon occurring in the area of interest, when meteorological data from a single station is used to represent the entire modeling domain. However, application of airflow-recirculation factor for sites located in open terrain is not required. This methodology implies that the meteorological data from an onsite station is reasonably representative of the entire modeling domain and adjustment to the dispersion estimates calculated by the model out to 50 miles of a site located in open terrain is not required.
For coastal sites located in open terrain such as the Turkey Point site, an airflow-recirculation factor provided in the XOQDOQ model is used to account for potential airflow recirculation due to sea breeze and land breeze effects and during the infrequent stagnation conditions that could lead to more restrictive dispersion estimates. With application of the appropriate airflow recirculation factor, this methodology further implies that using data collected from an onsite meteorological monitoring station located in open terrain for making dispersion estimates out to 50 miles of a coastal site is considered to be adequate and acceptable.
Therefore, data collected by the onsite meteorological system is used for the description of atmospheric transport and diffusion characteristics 80 kilometers (50 miles) from Units 6 & 7 and for making dispersion estimates out to 50 miles of the site. No other offsite data collection systems have been considered while determining the dispersion characteristics of the area of the Turkey Point site.
2.3.3.2 References 201.
Not Used.
202.
Lyerly, R., Thermal Performance of the Turkey Point Cooling Canal System in 1998, October 1998.
203.
Not Used.
204.
American Nuclear Society/American National Standards Institute, American National Standard for Determining Meteorological Information at Nuclear Facilities, ANS/ANSI 3.11-2005, December 2005.
2.3-126 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.3-201 Units 6 & 7 System Meteorological Instrumentation Parameter South Dade Tower Level (meters)
LU Tower Level (meters)
Wind Speed 10, 60 10 Wind Direction 10, 60 10 Temperature 10, 60 None Vertical Temperature Difference (T)
(60-10)
None Sigma Theta None 10 Precipitation 1.37(a)
(a)
Located approximately 24.5 feet (7.5 meters) southeast from base of 60-meter tower
Solar Radiometer 1.2(b)
(b)
Located approximately 23 feet (7 meters) southeast from the base of the 60-meter tower None Barometric Pressure (c)
(c)
Located outside the equipment shelter on the south wall None Humidity None None
2.3-127 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.3-202 Meteorological Tower Siting Conformance Status RG 1.23, Revision 1 Criteria Conformance Status Remarks Tower Siting The meteorological tower sites and the Units 6 & 7 location have similar meteorological exposure.
Yes The Turkey Point plant property is generally flat land.
The base of the tower is at approximately the same elevation as the finished grade of Units 6 & 7.
No No The South Dade tower is below the approximately 25.5 feet finished grade.
However, due to the similarity of the landscape, there would be minimal effects.
The finished grade of Units 6 & 7 and associated buildings would produce different meteorological exposures than at the current LU tower location. The LU tower would need to be relocated.
Location of the tower is not directly downwind of the plant cooling systems (i.e., cooling canals in the industrial wastewater facility and mechanical draft cooling towers) under the prevailing downwind wind direction.
Yes No The South Dade tower is not located near preexisting or planned cooling systems.
The LU tower is located near existing cooling canals on both the east and west sides; however, the majority of the cooling canals are located west of the LU tower, while the path of the prevailing downwind wind direction is from the east. The LU tower would need to be relocated because of construction impacts and operational concerns (i.e., height of the Units 6 & 7 finished grade and structures).
Tower is not located on or near permanent man-made surface.
Yes No There are no large concrete or asphalt parking lot or temporary land disturbance, such as plowed fields or storage areas nearby the South Dade tower. The closest large concrete or asphalt parking lots are at Units 3 & 4, which is approximately 6.5 miles from the South Dade tower.
The LU tower is located near an asphalt roadway and temperature is not measured.
Temperature concerns would not be an issue in the siting of the LU tower at a new location.
2.3-128 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.3-203 (Sheet 1 of 2)
Meteorological Sensor Siting Conformance Status RG 1.23, Revision 1 Criteria Conformance Status Remarks Sensor Siting Wind sensors should be located away from nearby obstructions to airflow (e.g., plant buildings, other structures, trees, nearby terrain) by a distance of at least 10 times the height of any such obstruction that exceeds one-half the height of the wind measurement level to avoid any modifications to airflow (i.e., turbulent wake effects).
Yes No The South Dade tower is located near a raised mound/equipment shelter.
However, the effects were found to be minimal on the South Dade tower.
The LU tower would need to be relocated because of construction impacts and operational concerns (i.e.,
height of the finished grade and buildings).
Wind sensors are located at heights that avoid airflow modifications by nearby obstructions with heights exceeding one-half of the wind measurement.
Yes See remark above.
Wind sensors are located extended outward on a boom to reduce airflow modification and turbulence induced by the supporting structure itself.
Wind sensors on the side of a tower should be mounted at a distance equal to at least twice the longest horizontal dimension of the tower (e.g., the side of a triangular tower).
Yes Tower booms (6 feet long) are oriented into the prevailing winds to reduce tower effects on the measurements.
The wind sensors are boom-mounted more than approximately 6.5 feet from the tower (more than twice the towers width of 3 feet).
The sensors should be on the upwind side of the mounting object in areas with a dominant prevailing wind direction.
Yes The wind speed/direction boom is pointed southeast into the dominant wind direction.
Air temperature and dew point sensors are located in such a way to avoid modification by the existing and proposed heat and moisture sources, such as ventilation systems, water bodies, or the influence of large parking lots or other paved surfaces.
Yes (see remark)
No The South Dade tower is not located near any heat or moisture sources. The LU tower is located near the cooling canals.
Dew point is not measured at either the South Dade or LU towers.
Temperature sensors should be mounted in fan-aspirated radiation shields to minimize adverse influences of thermal radiation and precipitation.
Aspirated temperature shields should either be pointed downward or laterally towards the north.
The shield inlet should be at least 1.5 times the tower horizontal width away from the nearest point on the tower.
Yes Temperature is measured only on the South Dade Tower. Temperature sensors are mounted in fan-aspirated radiation shields.
Aspirated temperature shields are horizontal.
The shield inlet is situated approximately 4 feet from the tower (slightly less than 1.5 times the towers width of 3 feet).
2.3-129 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Precipitation measured at ground level near the base of the tower.
Precipitation gauges should be equipped with wind shields to minimize wind-caused loss of precipitation and, where appropriate, equipped with heaters to melt frozen precipitation.
Yes (see remark)
Precipitation is measured at ground level near the base of each of the towers, but the gauge is located away from the tower shelter to prevent any interference in precipitation capture.
Neither precipitation gauge is equipped with wind shields to minimize the wind-caused loss of precipitation, but each gauge has a funnel screen.
Table 2.3.3-203 (Sheet 2 of 2)
Meteorological Sensor Siting Conformance Status RG 1.23, Revision 1 Criteria Conformance Status Remarks
2.3-130 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.3-204 (Sheet 1 of 2)
Units 6 & 7 Meteorological System Operational Configuration Sensed Parameter Sensor Type Manufacturer/
Model Range System Accuracy System Accuracy (per RG 1.23, Revision 1)
System Accuracy (per ANSI/ANS-3.11
-2005Property "ANSI code" (as page type) with input value "ANSI/ANS-3.11</br></br>-2005" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Reference 204)
Starting Thresholds Starting Threshold (RG 1.23, Revision 1)
Measurement Resolution Measurement Resolution (RG 1.23, Revision 1)
Measurement Resolution (per ANSI/ANS-3.11
-2005Property "ANSI code" (as page type) with input value "ANSI/ANS-3.11</br></br>-2005" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Reference 204)
Elevation (Relative to Tower)
South Dade Tower Instruments Wind Speed 3 Cup Anemometer Climatronics/
Model Wind Speed F460 0 to 145 mph (0 to 65 m/s) 0.15 mph
(+/-0.07 m/s) or
+/-1.0% of true air speed (whichever is greater)
+/-0.45 mph
(+/-0.2 m/s) or 5% of observed wind speed
+/-0.45 mph (0.2 m/s) or 5% of observed wind speed 0.5 mph (0.22 m/s) 1 mph
(<0.45 m/s)
0.1 mph (0.1 m/s) 0.1 mph (0.1 m/s) 10 m, 60 m Wind Direction Wind Vane Climatronics/
Model Wind Direction F460 0 to 360 degrees mechanical
+/-2 degrees
+/-5° 5°azimuth 0.5 mph (0.22 m/s) 1 mph
(<0.45 m/s)
<1 degree 1.0 degree 1.0° azimuth 10 m, 60 m Ambient Temperature Epoxy Coated Thermistor Climatronics/
P/N 100093
-22.0° to 122.0°F
(-30.0° to 50°C)
+/-0.27°F
(+/-.15 °C)
+/-0.9°F
(+/-0.5°C)
+/-0.9°F (0.5°C)
0.1°F (0.1°C) 0.1°F (0.1°C) 10 m Differential Temperature(a)
N/A N/A
+/-0.18°F
(+/-0.1°C)
+/-0.18°F (0.1°C)
0.1°F (0.1°C) 0.1°F (0.1°C) 60 m-10 m Precipitation(b)
Tipping Bucket Climatronics/
P/N 100097
+/-3%
(Rates of 1 to 6 inches per hour)
+/-10% for a volume equivalent to 0.1 in (2.54 mm) of precipitation at a rate <2 in/h
(<50 mm/h)
+/-10% for a volume equivalent to 0.1 in (2.54 mm) of precipitation at a rate <2 in/h
(<50 mm/h)
0.01 in (0.25 mm) 0.01 in (0.25)
Tower base Solar Radiation Pyranometer Eppley Black and White Model 8-48 0.3-3um
+/-0.008 Langley/min(c)
Tower base Barometric Pressure
Climatronics barometer
3 hPa
0.1 hPa Instrument Building Sigma-Theta(d)
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A
1 degree
0.1 degrees azimuth 10 m, 60 m Humidity N/A N/A N/A N/A
+/-4%
N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
N/A N/A
2.3-131 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR LU Tower Instruments Wind Speed Cup 3 Cup Anemometer Climatronics/
Model Wind Speed F460 0 to 145 mph (0 to 65 m/s) 0.15 mph
(+/-0.07 m/s) or
+/-1.0% of true air speed (whichever is greater)
+/-0.45 mph
(+/-0.2 m/s) or 5% of observed wind speed
+/-0.45 mph (0.2 m/s) or 5% of observed wind speed 0.5 mph (0.22 m/s) 1 mph
(<0.45 m/s)
0.1 mph (0.1 m/s) 0.1 mph (0.1 m/s) 10 m Wind Direction Wind Vane Climatronics/
Model Wind Direction F460 sensor 0 to 360 degrees mechanical
+/-2°
+/-5° 5°azimuth 0.5 mph (0.22 m/s) 1 mph
(<0.45 m/s)
<1 degree 1.0 degree 1.0 degree azimuth 10 m Precipitation(b)
Tipping Bucket Climatronics/
P/N 100097
+/-3%
(Rates of 1 to 6 inches per hour)
+/-10% for a volume equivalent to 0.1 in (2.54 mm) of precipitation at a rate <2 in/h
(<50 mm/h)
+/-10% for a volume equivalent to 0.1 in (2.54 mm) of precipitation at a rate <2 in/h
(<50 mm/h)
0.01 in (0.25 mm) 0.01 in (0.25 mm)
Tower base Sigma-Theta(d)
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A
1 degree
0.1 degrees azimuth 10 m (a)
The Differential Temperature value is a calculated value based on arithmetic differences in the Ambient Temperature measurements at 60-meter and 10-meter locations.
(b)
Water is collected and drained each time an internal bucket fills with 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of water.
(c)
As measured at the output of Foxboro (Primary equipment rack).
(d)
The Sigma-Theta value is a calculated value based on the Wind Direction variation measurements, and therefore has the same resolution as the Wind Direction measurements.
Table 2.3.3-204 (Sheet 2 of 2)
Units 6 & 7 Meteorological System Operational Configuration Sensed Parameter Sensor Type Manufacturer/
Model Range System Accuracy System Accuracy (per RG 1.23, Revision 1)
System Accuracy (per ANSI/ANS-3.11
-2005Property "ANSI code" (as page type) with input value "ANSI/ANS-3.11</br></br>-2005" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Reference 204)
Starting Thresholds Starting Threshold (RG 1.23, Revision 1)
Measurement Resolution Measurement Resolution (RG 1.23, Revision 1)
Measurement Resolution (per ANSI/ANS-3.11
-2005Property "ANSI code" (as page type) with input value "ANSI/ANS-3.11</br></br>-2005" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Reference 204)
Elevation (Relative to Tower)
2.3-132 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.3-205 Units 6 & 7 Annual Data Recovery Rate (in percent) for Existing Meteorological Monitoring System (2002, 2005, and 2006)
Parameter 2002 2005 2006 3-Year Composite Wind Speed (10 m) 100.0%
98.9%
99.6%
99.5%
Wind Speed (60 m) 99.9%
90.8%
100.0%
96.9%
Wind Direction (10 m) 99.6%
98.6%
99.6%
99.2%
Wind Direction (60 m) 99.9%
89.6%
100.0%
96.5%
Temperature (60 m-10 m)(a)
(a)
Temperature difference (T) between 60-meter and 10-meter levels.
94.0%
98.9%
99.6%
97.5%
Ambient Temperature (10 m) 95.0%
99.7%
99.9%
98.2%
Ambient Temperature (60 m) 95.9%
99.8%
99.8%
98.5%
Precipitation 100.0%
99.8%
100.0%
99.9%
Composite Parameters WS/WD (10m), T (60m-10m)(a) 93.6%
97.2%
99.2%
96.7%
WS/WD (60m), T (60m-10m)(a) 94.0%
79.7%
99.6%
91.1%
WS/WD (10m) 99.6%
98.2%
99.6%
99.1%
WS/WD (60m) 99.9%
80.6%
100.0%
93.5%
2.3-133 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.3-201 60-meter Meteorological Tower Site Features
2.3-134 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.3-202 10-meter Meteorological Tower Site Features
2.3-135 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.3-203 Meteorological System Block Diagram (South Dade Tower Operational Configuration)
2.3-136 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Figure 2.3.3-204 Meteorological System Block Diagram (LU Tower Operational Configuration)
2.3-137 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.4 Short-Term Diffusion Estimates In the absence of a specific site for use in determining values for short-term diffusion, a study was performed to determine the atmospheric dispersion factors (/Q values) that would envelope most current plant sites and that could be used to calculate the radiological consequences of design basis accidents. The /Q values thus derived for offsite are provided in Table 2.0-201.
This set of offsite /Q values is representative of potential sites for construction of the AP1000. The values are appropriate for analyses to determine the radiological consequences of accidents. These values were selected to bound 70 to 80 percent of U.S. sites.
The /Q values for the control room air intake or the door leading to the control room are dependent not only on the site meteorology but also on the plant design and layout. These /Q values are addressed in Appendix 15A. Separate sets of /Q values are identified for each combination of activity release location and receptor location.
2.3.4.1 Objective The NRC-sponsored PAVAN computer code (NUREG/CR-2858) is used to estimate relative ground-level atmospheric concentrations (X/Q) at the exclusion area boundary (EAB) and low population zone (LPZ) for potential accidental releases of radioactive material. Control room X/Qs are estimated using the ARCON96 model (NUREG/CR-6331).
According to 10 CFR Part 100, it is necessary to consider the doses for various time periods immediately following the onset of a postulated ground-level release at the EAB and for the duration of exposure at the LPZ. Therefore, the relative X/Qs are estimated for various time periods ranging from 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> to 30 days.
According to Subsection B of RG 1.23, the required meteorological data for a combined license that does not reference an early site permit is a consecutive 24-month period of data that is defendable, representative, and complete, but not older than 10 years from the date of application. Site-specific meteorological data covering the 3-year period of record (2002, 2005, and 2006) is used to quantitatively evaluate such a hypothetical accident at the site.
2.3.4.2 PAVAN Modeling Results Meteorological data is used to determine various postulated accident conditions as specified in RG 1.145. Compared to an elevated release, a ground-level release usually results in higher ground level concentrations at downwind receptors because of less dilution from shorter traveling distances.
Section 4.4 of the PAVAN code specifies that ground level releases include all release points or areas that are lower than 2.5 times the height of adjacent solid structures. Because the ground level release scenario usually provides a bounding case, and because none of the release heights is higher than 2.5 times the height of the associated reactor shield building, elevated releases are not considered.
According to RG 1.111, the meteorological effects from large bodies of water should be considered in relative dispersion calculations. Therefore, to be conservative, the effects of Biscayne Bay on the dispersion environment were considered in this analysis. The terrain adjustment factors were used for the annual average calculations to account for the airflow recirculation effect generated by the local land-sea breeze circulation. The terrain in the area is characterized as flat, so adjustments for topography are not required.
The PAVAN program implements the guidance provided in RG 1.145. The code computes X/Qs at the EAB and LPZ for each combination of wind speed and atmospheric stability class for each of 16
2.3-138 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR downwind direction sectors (i.e., north, north-northeast, northeast, etc.). The X/Q values calculated for each direction sector are then ranked in descending order, and an associated cumulative frequency distribution is derived based on the frequency distribution of wind speeds and stabilities for the complementary upwind direction sector. The X/Q value that is equaled or exceeded 0.5 percent of the total time is designated the maximum sector-dependent X/Q value.
The calculated X/Q values are also ranked independently of wind direction to develop a cumulative frequency distribution for the entire site. The PAVAN program then selects the X/Qs that are equal to or exceeded by 5 percent of the total time.
The larger of the two values (i.e., the maximum sector-dependent 0.5 percent X/Q or the overall site 5 percent X/Q) is used to represent the X/Q value for a 0- to 2-hour time period. To determine X/Qs for longer time periods, the program calculates an annual average X/Q value using the procedure described in RG 1.111). The program then uses logarithmic interpolation between the 0-2 hour X/Qs for each sector and the corresponding annual average X/Qs to calculate the values for intermediate time periods (i.e., 0-8 hours, 8-24 hours, 1-4 days, and 4-30 days). As suggested in NUREG/CR-2858, each of the sector-specific 0-2 hour X/Qs provided in the PAVAN output file are examined for reasonability by comparing them with the ordered X/Q also presented in the model output.
The PAVAN model has been configured to calculate offsite X/Q values assuming both wake-credit allowed and wake-credit not allowed. Several sector distances from the power block area to the EAB (NE, ENE, E, SE, ESE) are within the building wake influence zone. Therefore, credit is taken for building wakes in these four zones for the EAB analysis. Since the LPZ is located farther away from the plant site than the EAB, the wake-credit not allowed scenario of the PAVAN results is used for the X/Q analyses at the LPZ.
The PAVAN model input data is presented below:
Meteorological data: 3-year (2002, 2005, and 2006) composite onsite joint frequency distributions of wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability (see Subsection 2.3.2)
Type of release: Ground level
Wind sensor height: 33 feet (10 meters)
Vertical temperature difference: as measured at the 33-foot (10-meter) and 196.9-foot (60-meter) levels of the primary meteorological tower
Number of wind speed categories: 13
Minimum reactor building cross-sectional area: 2636 square meters (see Subsection 2.3.5)
Shield building height: 69.7 meters above grade
Distances from release points along the source boundary, which encompasses all potential release points, to the EAB for all downwind sectors (see Table 2.3.4-201)
Distances from release point to LPZ for all downwind sectors (see Table 2.3.4-201)
The PAVAN model uses building cross-sectional areas and shield building height to estimate wake-related X/Q values. Since the EAB (not including NE, ENE, E, SE, ESE sectors) and the LPZ (all sectors) are both located beyond the building wake influence zone, these two input parameters have no effect in calculating the non-wake X/Q values.
2.3-139 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Units 6 & 7 are conservatively treated as one unit in estimating the shortest distance to each boundary receptor in each direction. This is done by using a source boundary that encloses all potential release points for both Units 6 & 7. Using the source boundary approach, the shortest distance from the source boundary to the EAB is presented in Table 2.3.4-201 for each of the 16 direction sectors.
The maximum sector-dependent 0.5 percent X/Q value and the overall 5 percent X/Q value are conservatively estimated using the source boundary concept.
Similar to the above approach, the shortest distances from the source boundary to the LPZ (Figure 2.1-226) is used in the PAVAN modeling run to determine the X/Q values at the LPZ.
Based on the PAVAN modeling results, the maximum 0-2 hour, 0.5 percent, sector-dependent X/Q value is compared with 5 percent overall site 0-2 hour X/Q value at the EAB. The higher of the two is used as the proper X/Q at the EAB for each time period. The same approach is used to determine the proper X/Qs at the LPZ.
Table 2.3.4-202 (EAB without wake credit), Table 2.3.4-203 (EAB with wake credit), and Table 2.3.4-204 (LPZ with no wake credit) present the X/Qs for each of the 16 downwind sectors for the appropriate time period(s). The sector-dependent 0.5 percent X/Q value at either the EAB (with or without wake credit for select sectors) or the LPZ is higher than the overall site 5 percent X/Q value.
The maximum X/Qs are summarized below (s/m3):
Note: The plus (+) sign indicates the value is not provided because there is no equivalent AP1000 DCD value The results provided in Table 2.3.4-202, Table 2.3.4-203 and Table 2.3.4-204 show that the X/Q values determined by the PAVAN modeling analyses at the EAB and LPZ, respectively, do not exceed the AP1000 standard plant site design parameters as defined in Table 15A-5. The PAVAN-predicted maximum 0-2 hour EAB X/Q value (4.19E-04 s/m3) is less than the corresponding AP1000 DCD EAB XQ value (5.1E-04 s/m3). The PAVAN-predicted maximum 0-8 hour LPZ X/Q value (1.87E-05 s/m3) is lower than the corresponding AP1000 DCD LPZ X/Q value (2.2E-04 s/m3).
2.3.4.3 Atmospheric Dispersion Factors for Onsite Doses X/Q values are also estimated at the control room HVAC intake and annex building access door for postulated accidental radioactive airborne releases. These two receptors considered for determination of onsite X/Q values are identified in Table 15A-7. The release and receptor locations are identified in Figure 2.1-204.
Control room X/Qs are estimated using the ARCON96 model as described in NUREG/CR-6331 and input data such as receptor height, release height, release type, and building area. A composite 3-year (2002, 2005, and 2006) hourly meteorological data collected onsite was used as part of the input for the ARCON96 program. The above averaged three years of the meteorological data all have data recovery rates equal to or greater than 90 percent and are representative of the site dispersion characteristics as described in Subsection 2.3.2.
Receptor Location X/Q 0-2 hours X/Q 0-8 hours X/Q 8-24 hours X/Q 1-4 days X/Q 4-30 days X/Q Annual Average EAB 4.19E-04
+
+
+
+
+
DCD Value 5.1E-04 Not provided Not provided Not provided Not provided Not provided LPZ
+
1.87E-5 1.25E-5 5.25E-6 1.51E-6
+
DCD Value Not provided 2.2E-04 1.6E-04 1.0E-04 8.0E-05 Not provided
2.3-140 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR According to Figure 15A-1, doses to receptors need to consider eight sources: plant vent, passive containment cooling system air diffuser, fuel building blowout panel, radwaste building truck staging area door, steam vent, power-operated relief valve and safety valves, condenser air removal stack, and containment shell. Figure 15A-1 shows that among the potential release sources, the containment shell is considered as a diffuse area source; all other releases are considered as point sources. Release types used in the ARCON96 modeling analyses for Units 6 & 7 follow those specified in the DCD.
RG 1.194 provides guidance on the use of ARCON96 for determining X/Qs to be used in design basis evaluation of control room radiological habitability. Section 3.2.2 of RG 1.194 specifies that a stack release should be more than 2.5 times the height of the adjacent structure. All the release heights and receptor heights information are provided in Table 15A-7. As stated in Section 3.2.3 of RG 1.194, the results from the vent releases mode may not be sufficiently conservative for accident analysis; therefore, the vent release mode should not be used in the design basis evaluation. (The plant vent release and condenser air removal stack are considered ground-level releases.)
Control room intake and annex building access door X/Qs for the 95 percent time averaging (0-2 hours, 2-8 hours, 8-24 hours, 1-4 days, and 4-30 days) periods obtained from the ARCON96 modeling results are summarized in Table 2.3.4-205 and Table 2.3.4-206, respectively.
The results provided in Table 2.3.4-205 and Table 2.3.4-206 show that all of the X/Q values determined by the ARCON96 modeling analyses at the control room air intake and annex building access door for reactor building plant stack releases are bounded by the corresponding DCD X/Q values.
2.3.4.4 Hazardous Material Releases Pollutant concentrations are also estimated at the Unit 6 & 7 control rooms for postulated accidental releases of toxic chemicals for material stored onsite, offsite, and for toxic or flammable material transported on nearby transportation routes. The concentrations at the control room intake and annex building access door due to accidental hazardous chemical releases (toxic vapor and flammable cloud) are determined using the guidance specified in RG 1.78 and NUREG-0570.
Estimated values of control room concentrations due to hazardous material releases are presented in Table 2.2-215. Detailed description of potential accidents to be considered as design basis events and their impacts are described in Subsections 2.2.3.1 and 2.2.3.2.
2.3-141 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Bolded values in table represent sector distances eligible for the building wake credit.
Table 2.3.4-201 Distances from the Source Boundary Area Directional Sector To EAB (feet)
To EAB (meters)
To LPZ (feet)
To LPZ (meters)
S 2,756 840 22,484 6,853 SSW 2,687 819 22,474 6,850 SW 2,375 724 22,411 6,831 WSW 2,559 780 23,284 7,097 W
2,566 782 25,230 7,690 WNW 2,589 789 25,230 7,690 NW 2,513 766 26,568 8,098 NNW 2,516 767 28,330 8,635 N
2,516 767 29,423 8,968 NNE 2,516 767 29,209 8,903 NE 1,427 435 27,677 8,436 ENE 1,503 458 26,371 8,038 E
1,572 479 24,862 7,578 ESE 1,932 589 23,655 7,210 SE 1,923 586 22,805 6,951 SSE 2,782 848 22,523 6,865
2.3-142 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Bolded values indicate sectors not eligible to receive the building wake credit. See Table 2.3.4-203 for sectors with wake credit applied.
Table 2.3.4-202 Units 6 & 7 Ground Level Release PAVAN Output X/Q Values (s/m3) at the Exclusion Area Boundary Building Wake Credit Not Included DOWNWIND SECTOR DISTANCE (METERS) 0-2 HOURS 0-8 HOURS 8-24 HOURS 1-4 DAYS 4-30 DAYS ANNUAL AVERAGE HRS PER YR MAX 0-2 HR X/Q EXCEEDED IN SECTOR S
840 2.51E-04 1.60E-04 1.28E-04 7.87E-05 3.91E-05 1.67E-05 6.2 SSW 819 1.03E-04 6.27E-05 4.89E-05 2.86E-05 1.32E-05 5.15E-06 1.1 SW 724 1.25E-04 8.25E-05 6.69E-05 4.25E-05 2.21E-05 9.95E-06 2.8 WSW 780 1.17E-04 8.27E-05 6.97E-05 4.80E-05 2.82E-05 1.46E-05 0.5 W
782 1.38E-04 1.06E-04 9.27E-05 6.93E-05 4.57E-05 2.74E-05 2.2 WNW 789 1.33E-04 9.65E-05 8.23E-05 5.83E-05 3.55E-05 1.94E-05 1.7 NW 766 1.39E-04 9.58E-05 7.94E-05 5.28E-05 2.94E-05 1.43E-05 2
NNW 767 1.18E-04 7.77E-05 6.30E-05 4.00E-05 2.08E-05 9.39E-06 2.3 N
767 1.10E-04 7.00E-05 5.57E-05 3.41E-05 1.68E-05 7.06E-06 1.4 NNE 767 1.23E-04 7.73E-05 6.13E-05 3.71E-05 1.80E-05 7.44E-06 3
NE 435 3.78E-04 2.35E-04 1.85E-04 1.11E-04 5.29E-05 2.14E-05 36.1 ENE 458 3.66E-04 2.26E-04 1.78E-04 1.05E-04 4.96E-05 1.98E-05 32.6 E
479 4.01E-04 2.55E-04 2.03E-04 1.24E-04 6.09E-05 2.56E-05 39.5 ESE 589 3.51E-04 2.24E-04 1.78E-04 1.09E-04 5.42E-05 2.29E-05 28.6 SE 586 4.25E-04 2.72E-04 2.18E-04 1.35E-04 6.73E-05 2.89E-05 43.7 SSE 848 3.04E-04 2.05E-04 1.69E-04 1.10E-04 5.98E-05 2.83E-05 12.9 Max 0-2 hr X/Q 4.25E-04 Total Hours Entire Site Max 0-2 hr X/Q Exceeded 216.7
2.3-143 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Bolded values indicate sectors eligible to receive the building wake credit. See Table 2.3.5-202 for sectors without wake credit.
Table 2.3.4-203 Units 6 & 7 Ground Level Release PAVAN Output X/Q Values (s/m3) at the Exclusion Area Boundary Building Wake Credit Included DOWNWIND SECTOR DISTANCE (METERS) 0-2 HOURS 0-8 HOURS 8-24 HOURS 1-4 DAYS 4-30 DAYS ANNUAL AVERAGE HRS PER YR MAX 0-2 HR X/Q EXCEEDED IN SECTOR S
840 2.48E-04 1.46E-04 1.12E-04 6.30E-05 2.76E-05 1.00E-05 6.4 SSW 819 9.36E-05 5.35E-05 4.05E-05 2.21E-05 9.26E-06 3.19E-06 1.2 SW 724 1.03E-04 6.48E-05 5.14E-05 3.11E-05 1.51E-05 6.26E-06 2.8 WSW 780 1.10E-04 7.30E-05 5.95E-05 3.83E-05 2.03E-05 9.36E-06 0.5 W
782 1.37E-04 9.74E-05 8.21E-05 5.66E-05 3.32E-05 1.72E-05 2.2 WNW 789 1.30E-04 8.81E-05 7.26E-05 4.76E-05 2.60E-05 1.24E-05 1.7 NW 766 1.35E-04 8.63E-05 6.89E-05 4.23E-05 2.10E-05 8.91E-06 2.1 NNW 767 1.10E-04 6.81E-05 5.35E-05 3.17E-05 1.50E-05 5.98E-06 2.4 N
767 1.01E-04 6.01E-05 4.64E-05 2.66E-05 1.19E-05 4.47E-06 1.5 NNE 767 1.17E-04 6.85E-05 5.24E-05 2.93E-05 1.27E-05 4.58E-06 3.1 NE 435 3.54E-04 2.03E-04 1.54E-04 8.46E-05 3.57E-05 1.24E-05 36 ENE 458 3.26E-04 1.87E-04 1.42E-04 7.80E-05 3.30E-05 1.15E-05 29.1 E
479 3.92E-04 2.28E-04 1.74E-04 9.68E-05 4.17E-05 1.49E-05 39.1 ESE 589 3.51E-04 2.05E-04 1.56E-04 8.69E-05 3.74E-05 1.34E-05 29.5 SE 586 4.19E-04 2.47E-04 1.89E-04 1.06E-04 4.64E-05 1.69E-05 43.7 SSE 848 2.98E-04 1.86E-04 1.46E-04 8.75E-05 4.17E-05 1.69E-05 13.1 Max 0-2 hr X/Q 4.19E-04 Total Hours Entire Site Max 0-2 hr X/Q Exceeded 214.3
2.3-144 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.4-204 Units 6 & 7 Ground Level Release PAVAN Output X/Q Values (s/m3) at the Low Population Zone DOWNWIND SECTOR DISTANCE (METERS) 0-2 HOURS 0-8 HOURS 8-24 HOURS 1-4 DAYS 4-30 DAYS ANNUAL AVERAGE HRS PER YR MAX 0-2 HR X/Q EXCEEDED IN SECTOR S
6853 3.19E-05 1.37E-05 8.94E-06 3.56E-06 9.50E-07 1.89E-07 21.1 SSW 6850 8.26E-06 3.59E-06 2.37E-06 9.60E-07 2.63E-07 5.38E-08 3.2 SW 6831 7.44E-06 3.52E-06 2.42E-06 1.07E-06 3.34E-07 8.02E-08 3.4 WSW 7097 8.69E-06 4.31E-06 3.04E-06 1.42E-06 4.76E-07 1.25E-07 0.7 W
7690 1.14E-05 5.86E-06 4.20E-06 2.05E-06 7.27E-07 2.05E-07 2.4 WNW 7690 1.05E-05 5.19E-06 3.64E-06 1.69E-06 5.61E-07 1.45E-07 2.3 NW 8098 9.70E-06 4.51E-06 3.08E-06 1.34E-06 4.08E-07 9.49E-08 2.8 NNW 8635 6.86E-06 3.08E-06 2.07E-06 8.70E-07 2.51E-07 5.46E-08 2.8 N
8968 5.29E-06 2.34E-06 1.56E-06 6.46E-07 1.82E-07 3.87E-08 1.6 NNE 8903 7.34E-06 3.13E-06 2.05E-06 8.15E-07 2.17E-07 4.28E-08 3
NE 8436 1.12E-05 4.61E-06 2.95E-06 1.12E-06 2.80E-07 5.12E-08 5.2 ENE 8038 1.23E-05 5.05E-06 3.24E-06 1.23E-06 3.09E-07 5.67E-08 3.7 E
7578 1.85E-05 7.67E-06 4.94E-06 1.90E-06 4.79E-07 8.92E-08 8.7 ESE 7210 2.57E-05 1.07E-05 6.89E-06 2.66E-06 6.77E-07 1.27E-07 15.4 SE 6951 3.00E-05 1.28E-05 8.31E-06 3.28E-06 8.65E-07 1.69E-07 20.4 SSE 6865 4.15E-05 1.87E-05 1.25E-05 5.25E-06 1.51E-06 3.29E-07 43.7 Max 0-2 hr X/Q 4.15E-05 Total Hours Entire Site Max 0-2 hr X/Q Exceeded 140.4
2.3-145 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.4-205 ARCON96 X/Q (s/m3) Values at the Control Room HVAC Intake Release Point and DCD Values(a)
(a)
Values from Table 15A-6 0-2 hours 2-8 hours 8-24 hours 1-4 days 4-30 days Plant Vent 1.66E-03 1.05E-03 5.14E-04 3.19E-04 2.02E-04 DCD 3.00E-03 2.50E-03 1.00E-03 8.00E-04 6.00E-04 PCS Air Diffuser 1.29E-03 7.46E-04 3.44E-04 2.08E-04 1.16E-04 DCD 3.00E-03 2.50E-03 1.00E-03 8.00E-04 6.00E-04 Fuel Building Blowout Panel 1.44E-03 9.72E-04 4.28E-04 3.14E-04 1.98E-04 DCD 6.00E-03 4.00E-03 2.00E-03 1.50E-03 1.00E-03 Radwaste Building Truck Staging Area Door 1.21E-03 8.91E-04 3.87E-04 2.87E-04 1.89E-04 DCD 6.00E-03 4.00E-03 2.00E-03 1.50E-03 1.00E-03 Steam Vent 1.32E-02 7.43E-03 3.33E-03 2.47E-03 1.39E-03 DCD 2.40E-02 2.00E-02 7.50E-03 5.50E-03 5.00E-03 PORV & Safety Valves 1.19E-02 7.29E-03 3.08E-03 2.26E-03 1.36E-03 DCD 2.00E-02 1.80E-02 7.00E-03 5.00E-03 4.50E-03 Condenser Air Removal Stack 1.61E-03 1.24E-03 5.15E-04 3.98E-04 3.03E-04 DCD 6.00E-03 4.00E-03 2.00E-03 1.50E-03 1.00E-03 Containment Shell (As Diffuse Area Source) 1.55E-03 9.55E-04 4.79E-04 3.31E-04 1.96E-04 DCD 6.00E-03 3.60E-03 1.40E-03 1.80E-03 1.50E-03
2.3-146 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.4-206 ARCON96 X/Q (s/m3) Values at the Annex Building Access Door Release Point and DCD Values(a)
(a)
Values from Table 15A-6 0-2 hours 2-8 hours 8-24 hours 1-4 days 4-30 days Plant Vent 3.66E-04 2.31E-04 1.13E-04 6.92E-05 4.38E-05 DCD 1.00E-03 7.50E-04 3.50E-04 2.80E-04 2.50E-04 PCS Air Diffuser 3.56E-04 2.05E-04 9.85E-05 6.03E-05 3.85E-05 DCD 1.00E-03 7.50E-04 3.50E-04 2.80E-04 2.50E-04 Fuel Building Blowout Panel 3.47E-04 2.22E-04 1.03E-04 6.78E-05 4.14E-05 DCD 6.00E-03 4.00E-03 2.00E-03 1.50E-03 1.00E-03 Radwaste Building Truck Staging Area Door 3.47E-04 2.33E-04 1.03E-04 7.14E-05 4.37E-05 DCD 6.00E-03 4.00E-03 2.00E-03 1.50E-03 1.00E-03 Steam Vent 8.05E-04 4.59E-04 2.11E-04 1.20E-04 7.94E-05 DCD 4.00E-03 3.20E-03 1.20E-03 1.00E-03 8.00E-04 PORV & Safety Valves 8.34E-04 4.73E-04 2.19E-04 1.26E-04 8.23E-05 DCD 4.00E-03 3.20E-03 1.20E-03 1.00E-03 8.00E-04 Condenser Air Removal Stack 3.01E-03 1.74E-03 8.05E-04 5.33E-04 2.70E-04 DCD 2.00E-02 1.80E-02 7.00E-03 5.00E-03 4.50E-03 Containment Shell (As Diffuse Area Source) 3.39E-04 1.95E-04 9.67E-05 6.08E-05 3.75E-05 DCD 1.00E-03 7.50E-04 3.50E-04 2.80E-04 2.50E-04
2.3-147 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.5 Long-Term Diffusion Estimates The long-term diffusion estimates are site specific. The site boundary annual average /Q shown in Table 2.0-201 is used to calculate release concentrations at the site boundary for comparison with the activity release limits defined in 10 CFR 20. The value specified is expected to bound atmospheric conditions at most U.S. sites. If a selected site has a /Q value that exceeds this reference site value, the release concentrations reported in Section 11.3 would be adjusted proportionate to the change in /Q.
2.3.5.1 Objective This subsection provides estimates of annual average atmospheric dispersion factors (X/Q values) and relative dry deposition factors (D/Q values) to a distance of 50 miles (80 kilometers) from the Units 6 & 7 site for annual average release limit calculations and person-rem estimates.
The NRC-sponsored XOQDOQ computer program was used to estimate X/Q and D/Q values for continuous releases of gaseous effluents to the atmosphere. The XOQDOQ computer code has the primary function of calculating annual average X/Q and D/Q values at receptors of interest (e.g., the exclusion area boundary [EAB], nearest resident, nearest vegetable garden, nearest milk animal, and nearest meat animal). RG 1.206 requires X/Q and D/Q estimates at the above receptor locations. 10 CFR Part 100 requires an exclusion area surrounding the reactor in which the reactor licensee has the authority to determine all activities, including exclusion or removal of personnel and property.
The XOQDOQ dispersion model implements the assumptions outlined in RG 1.111. The program assumes that the material released to the atmosphere follows a Gaussian distribution around the plume centerline. In estimating concentrations for longer time periods, the Gaussian distribution is assumed to be evenly distributed within a given directional sector. A straight line trajectory is assumed between the release point and all receptors.
Because the XOQDOQ model is used in the analysis, dispersion coefficients (y and z) as specified in RG 1.145 and implemented by the XOQDOQ code are used in estimating the X/Q and D/Q values.
The following input data and assumptions have been used in the XOQDOQ modeling analysis:
Meteorological Data: 3-year composite (2002, 2005, and 2006) onsite joint frequency distributions of wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability (see Subsection 2.3.2).
The determinations for the atmospheric stability classes are based on the vertical T method as specified in RG 1.145.
Type of release: Ground-level.
Wind sensor height: 10 meters.
Vertical temperature difference: (60 meters-10 meters).
Number of wind speed categories: 13.
Minimum shield building cross-sectional area: 2636 square meters.
Shield building height: 69.7 meters above grade.
Distances from the release point to the nearest residence (including a school), nearest EAB boundaries, milk animals, and vegetable garden (see Table 2.3.5-201).
2.3-148 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR
No milk cows/goats are identified within 5 miles of the Units 6 & 7 site. It is conservatively assumed that all residents are raising beef cattle for residential consumption.
The AP1000 reactor design is used to calculate the minimum building cross-sectional area as called for in NUREG/CR-2919 for evaluating building downwash effects on dispersion. The containment building features a straight section at the bottom and a tapered-shape structure with a smaller area at the top. The height of the containment building is approximately 228.75 feet (69.7 meters). Because of the shape of the containment building, the midpoint between the high point of the building (69.7 meters) and the point at which the building begins to taper (approximately 170.84 feet or 52.1 meters) was used when determining the building cross-sectional area. This point has a height of 199.8 feet (60.9 meters). The cross-sectional area was determined by multiplying this height by the diameter of the containment building (approximately 142 feet or 43.3 meters). Therefore, based on the cross-sectional area of the reactor structure (2636 square meters) and assuming the entire structure has a rectangular cross section, the equivalent structural height is calculated to be 60.9 meters.
The shortest distances from the Units 6 & 7 power block area (i.e., area encompassing the containment and auxiliary building) to receptors of interest (e.g., nearest resident, meat animal, EAB boundaries, and vegetable garden) are calculated for each directional sector. The results are presented in Table 2.3.5-201. The receptors of interest within 5 miles were evaluated. Directional sectors without a receptor within 5 miles were not modeled. As previously stated, there are no cow/goat receptors within 5 miles of the site.
To account for possible land-water recirculation effects from Biscayne Bay on the local meteorological conditions, default correction factors are implemented in the XOQDOQ model. These factors are implemented to properly account for possible recirculation due to land-water boundaries, which could raise X/Q values in an open terrain area such as the Units 6 & 7 site.
As addressed in Subsection 2.3.4, site-specific meteorological data covering the 3-year composite period of record is used to quantitatively evaluate diffusion estimates. Therefore, the lower level (10 meter) 3-year composite (2002, 2005, and 2006) joint frequency distributions of wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability are used as input in the XOQDOQ modeling analysis.
2.3.5.2 Calculations Table 2.3.5-202 summarizes the maximum relative atmospheric dispersion factors (X/Q) and relative dry deposition factors (D/Q values) predicted by the XOQDOQ model for identified sensitive receptors of interest as a result of continuous releases of gaseous effluents. The listed maximum X/Q values reflect several plume depletion scenarios that account for radioactive decay: no decay and the default half-life decay periods of 2.26 and 8 days.
The maximum annual average X/Q values with no decay (along with the direction and distance of the receptor locations relative to the Units 6 & 7 site) is 1.6E-04 sec/m3 and occurs at Unit 7 as a result of the release from Unit 6. Other X/Q values for receptors of interest are:
1.7E-05 s/m3 for the EAB occurring in the SSE, SE, and W sectors at a distance of 0.53, 0.36, and 0.49 miles, respectively. (Note: this value is bounded by value in Table 2.0-201)
1.4E-07 s/m3 for the residence and meat animal occurring in the N Sector at a distance of 2.7 miles. (Note the same distance (2.7 miles) is used to estimate the X/Q values for the meat animal)
9.6E-08 s/m3 for the nearest vegetable garden occurring in the NW sector at a distance of 4.8 miles
2.3-149 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Tables 2.3.5-203 through 2.3.5-206 summarize the annual average sector X/Q values (for no decay
[undepleted], 2.26-day decay [undepleted], and 8-day decay [depleted]), and D/Q values for 22 standard radial distances between 0.25 and 50 miles, and for 10 distance-segment boundaries between 0.5 and 50 miles downwind along each of the 16 standard direction radials separated by 22.5 degrees. Table 2.3.5-207 summarizes the predicted annual X/Q values and D/Q at the sensitive receptors.
2.3.5.3 References 201.
2008 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, Turkey Point Plant Units 3 &
4, License No. DPR-31 and DPR-41, Docket Nos. 50-250 and 50-251, February 26, 2009.
2.3-150 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Source: Reference 201.
Table 2.3.5-201 Source to Sensitive Receptor Distances from Units 6 & 7 Sector Name Type of Receptor Latitude Longitude Distance From Power Block Area (Miles)
N Biscayne National Park Resident N25.46362 W80.33445 2.7 NNW Military Canal Residence Resident/Meat Animal N25.48945 W80.37138 5.1 NNW Bananas, plantains, coconuts, lemons Vegetable Garden N25.48945 W80.37138 5.1 NW Satellite School Resident N25.44695 W80.35362 1.99 NW Single-Family Home Resident/Meat Animal N25.46278 W80.38112 4.0 NW Mowry Drive Residence Vegetable Garden N25.47028 W80.39112 4.8
2.3-151 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-202 XOQDOQ Predicted X/Q and D/Q Values at Receptors of Interest Type of Location Sector Distance (miles)
X/Q (s/m3)
(No Decay, no dry deposition)
0.53 0.36 0.49 1.7E-5 1.7E-5 1.7E-5 Residence/Meat Animal N
NW NNW 2.7 4.0 5.1 1.4E-7 1.3E-7 5.5E-8 Vegetable Garden NW NNW 4.8 5.1 9.6E-8 5.5E-8 Unit 7 W
0.13 1.6E-4 School NW 1.99 5.7E-7 Site Boundary SSE 0.35 3.4E-5 Type of Location Sector Distance (miles)
X/Q (s/m3)
(2.26-Day Decay, no dry deposition)
0.53 0.36 0.49 1.7E-5 1.7E-5 1.7E-5 Residence/Meat Animal N
NW NNW 2.7 4.0 5.1 1.3E-7 1.3E-7 5.4E-8 Vegetable Garden NW NNW 4.8 5.1 9.4E-8 5.4E-8 Unit 7 W
0.13 1.6E-4 School NW 1.99 5.2E-7 Site Boundary SSE 0.35 3.4E-5 Type of Location Sector Distance (miles)
X/Q (s/m3)
(8-Day Decay, dry deposition)
EAB SE W
0.36 0.49 1.6E-5 1.6E-5 Residence/Meat Animal N
NW NNW 2.7 4.0 5.1 1.1E-7 1.0E-7 4.1E-8 Vegetable Garden NW NNW 4.8 5.1 7.2E-8 4.1E-8 Unit 7 W
0.13 1.5E-4 School NW 1.99 4.3E-7 Site Boundary SSE 0.35 3.2E-5 Type of Location Sector Distance (miles)
D/Q (1/m2)
EAB W
0.49 1.4E-7 Residence/Meat Animal N
NW NNW 2.7 4.0 5.1 7.5E-10 5.8E-10 2.4E-10 Vegetable Garden NW NNW 4.8 5.1 3.8E-10 2.4E-10 Unit 7 W
0.13 1.0E-6 School NW 1.99 2.9E-9 Site Boundary SSE 0.35 1.2E-7
2.3-152 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-203 (Sheet 1 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average X/Q Value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries No Decay, Undepleted
RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES NO DECAY, UNDEPLETED CORRECTED USING STANDARD OPEN TERRAIN FACTORS ANNUAL AVERAGE CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED) DISTANCE IN MILES FROM THE SITE SECTOR.250.500.750 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 S 3.597E-05 1.079E-05 5.472E-06 2.745E-06 1.107E-06 6.119E-07 3.987E-07 2.843E-07 2.155E-07 1.705E-07 1.394E-07 SSW 1.064E-05 3.280E-06 1.745E-06 8.876E-07 3.595E-07 1.968E-07 1.263E-07 8.892E-08 6.668E-08 5.230E-08 4.243E-08 SW 1.673E-05 5.351E-06 2.913E-06 1.481E-06 5.939E-07 3.208E-07 2.029E-07 1.413E-07 1.050E-07 8.168E-08 6.579E-08 WSW 2.761E-05 8.963E-06 5.030E-06 2.577E-06 1.035E-06 5.582E-07 3.520E-07 2.444E-07 1.810E-07 1.405E-07 1.129E-07 W 5.162E-05 1.657E-05 9.278E-06 4.764E-06 1.924E-06 1.042E-06 6.592E-07 4.590E-07 3.409E-07 2.651E-07 2.135E-07 WNW 3.753E-05 1.202E-05 6.649E-06 3.403E-06 1.372E-06 7.415E-07 4.686E-07 3.259E-07 2.419E-07 1.880E-07 1.513E-07 NW 2.636E-05 8.298E-06 4.552E-06 2.332E-06 9.450E-07 5.136E-07 3.263E-07 2.279E-07 1.697E-07 1.323E-07 1.068E-07 NNW 1.776E-05 5.564E-06 2.994E-06 1.519E-06 6.093E-07 3.298E-07 2.092E-07 1.460E-07 1.086E-07 8.467E-08 6.830E-08 N 1.330E-05 4.161E-06 2.250E-06 1.142E-06 4.586E-07 2.484E-07 1.577E-07 1.101E-07 8.201E-08 6.395E-08 5.161E-08 NNE 1.375E-05 4.255E-06 2.256E-06 1.145E-06 4.624E-07 2.526E-07 1.618E-07 1.139E-07 8.532E-08 6.688E-08 5.423E-08 NE 1.429E-05 4.344E-06 2.247E-06 1.138E-06 4.620E-07 2.547E-07 1.649E-07 1.169E-07 8.822E-08 6.955E-08 5.667E-08 ENE 1.447E-05 4.389E-06 2.263E-06 1.149E-06 4.695E-07 2.595E-07 1.681E-07 1.193E-07 9.003E-08 7.099E-08 5.786E-08 E 2.023E-05 6.085E-06 3.110E-06 1.577E-06 6.447E-07 3.574E-07 2.324E-07 1.654E-07 1.252E-07 9.890E-08 8.075E-08 ESE 2.616E-05 7.820E-06 3.961E-06 1.995E-06 8.100E-07 4.494E-07 2.934E-07 2.095E-07 1.589E-07 1.259E-07 1.030E-07 SE 3.274E-05 9.759E-06 4.913E-06 2.473E-06 1.005E-06 5.582E-07 3.646E-07 2.605E-07 1.977E-07 1.566E-07 1.282E-07 SSE 6.209E-05 1.845E-05 9.261E-06 4.638E-06 1.872E-06 1.039E-06 6.799E-07 4.866E-07 3.698E-07 2.933E-07 2.403E-07 DISTANCE IN MILES FROM THE SITE ANNUAL AVERAGE CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED)
SECTOR 5.000 7.500 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 50.000 S 1.169E-07 6.302E-08 4.218E-08 2.527E-08 1.762E-08 1.334E-08 1.064E-08 8.789E-09 7.454E-09 6.448E-09 5.665E-09 SSW 3.534E-08 1.857E-08 1.221E-08 7.143E-09 4.902E-09 3.666E-09 2.894E-09 2.372E-09 1.997E-09 1.717E-09 1.500E-09 SW 5.445E-08 2.796E-08 1.809E-08 1.035E-08 7.000E-09 5.177E-09 4.051E-09 3.295E-09 2.757E-09 2.357E-09 2.049E-09 WSW 9.326E-08 4.744E-08 3.048E-08 1.725E-08 1.157E-08 8.497E-09 6.610E-09 5.349E-09 4.455E-09 3.793E-09 3.285E-09 W 1.766E-07 9.034E-08 5.828E-08 3.317E-08 2.233E-08 1.645E-08 1.282E-08 1.040E-08 8.675E-09 7.396E-09 6.415E-09 WNW 1.251E-07 6.399E-08 4.128E-08 2.350E-08 1.584E-08 1.168E-08 9.113E-09 7.394E-09 6.173E-09 5.267E-09 4.571E-09 NW 8.851E-08 4.568E-08 2.966E-08 1.704E-08 1.155E-08 8.551E-09 6.698E-09 5.451E-09 4.563E-09 3.902E-09 3.394E-09 NNW 5.662E-08 2.927E-08 1.903E-08 1.097E-08 7.462E-09 5.544E-09 4.354E-09 3.552E-09 2.980E-09 2.553E-09 2.225E-09 N 4.280E-08 2.215E-08 1.442E-08 8.318E-09 5.657E-09 4.203E-09 3.300E-09 2.693E-09 2.259E-09 1.935E-09 1.686E-09 NNE 4.514E-08 2.369E-08 1.557E-08 9.096E-09 6.239E-09 4.665E-09 3.683E-09 3.018E-09 2.541E-09 2.184E-09 1.908E-09 NE 4.737E-08 2.525E-08 1.676E-08 9.931E-09 6.871E-09 5.171E-09 4.104E-09 3.378E-09 2.855E-09 2.462E-09 2.157E-09 ENE 4.837E-08 2.578E-08 1.712E-08 1.014E-08 7.013E-09 5.277E-09 4.187E-09 3.445E-09 2.911E-09 2.510E-09 2.199E-09 E 6.762E-08 3.625E-08 2.416E-08 1.438E-08 9.983E-09 7.531E-09 5.987E-09 4.934E-09 4.175E-09 3.605E-09 3.161E-09 ESE 8.640E-08 4.664E-08 3.123E-08 1.872E-08 1.305E-08 9.880E-09 7.877E-09 6.508E-09 5.518E-09 4.772E-09 4.192E-09 SE 1.076E-07 5.813E-08 3.896E-08 2.338E-08 1.631E-08 1.236E-08 9.856E-09 8.146E-09 6.910E-09 5.978E-09 5.253E-09 SSE 2.019E-07 1.095E-07 7.360E-08 4.433E-08 3.102E-08 2.354E-08 1.881E-08 1.557E-08 1.322E-08 1.145E-08 1.007E-08 VENT AND BUILDING PARAMETERS:
RELEASE HEIGHT (METERS).00 REP. WIND HEIGHT (METERS) 10.0 DIAMETER (METERS).00 BUILDING HEIGHT (METERS) 69.7 EXIT VELOCITY (METERS).00 BLDG.MIN.CRS.SEC.AREA (SQ.METERS) 2636.0 HEAT EMISSION RATE (CAL/SEC).0
2.3-153 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-203 (Sheet 2 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average X/Q Value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries No Decay, Undepleted
RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES NO DECAY, UNDEPLETED CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED) FOR EACH SEGMENT DIRECTION SEGMENT BOUNDARIES IN MILES FROM THE SITE FROM SITE
.5-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 S 5.442E-06 1.251E-06 4.098E-07 2.180E-07 1.403E-07 6.573E-08 2.563E-08 1.340E-08 8.809E-09 6.456E-09 SSW 1.705E-06 4.046E-07 1.301E-07 6.756E-08 4.273E-08 1.947E-08 7.274E-09 3.687E-09 2.378E-09 1.720E-09 SW 2.818E-06 6.697E-07 2.097E-07 1.065E-07 6.630E-08 2.946E-08 1.058E-08 5.213E-09 3.306E-09 2.361E-09 WSW 4.814E-06 1.166E-06 3.639E-07 1.837E-07 1.138E-07 5.009E-08 1.767E-08 8.561E-09 5.369E-09 3.801E-09 W 8.893E-06 2.163E-06 6.811E-07 3.457E-07 2.151E-07 9.525E-08 3.393E-08 1.657E-08 1.043E-08 7.412E-09 WNW 6.400E-06 1.543E-06 4.843E-07 2.454E-07 1.525E-07 6.748E-08 2.405E-08 1.176E-08 7.420E-09 5.277E-09 NW 4.398E-06 1.061E-06 3.369E-07 1.721E-07 1.076E-07 4.808E-08 1.740E-08 8.608E-09 5.469E-09 3.910E-09 NNW 2.909E-06 6.871E-07 2.160E-07 1.102E-07 6.882E-08 3.080E-08 1.120E-08 5.579E-09 3.563E-09 2.558E-09 N 2.182E-06 5.171E-07 1.629E-07 8.317E-08 5.200E-08 2.330E-08 8.491E-09 4.230E-09 2.701E-09 1.939E-09 NNE 2.206E-06 5.208E-07 1.669E-07 8.645E-08 5.461E-08 2.485E-08 9.265E-09 4.692E-09 3.026E-09 2.187E-09 NE 2.220E-06 5.201E-07 1.697E-07 8.931E-08 5.704E-08 2.639E-08 1.009E-08 5.198E-09 3.386E-09 2.465E-09 ENE 2.241E-06 5.273E-07 1.730E-07 9.114E-08 5.824E-08 2.695E-08 1.030E-08 5.304E-09 3.453E-09 2.513E-09 E 3.090E-06 7.241E-07 2.390E-07 1.267E-07 8.127E-08 3.785E-08 1.460E-08 7.567E-09 4.946E-09 3.610E-09 ESE 3.945E-06 9.130E-07 3.014E-07 1.608E-07 1.036E-07 4.863E-08 1.898E-08 9.924E-09 6.522E-09 4.778E-09 SE 4.905E-06 1.133E-06 3.746E-07 2.000E-07 1.290E-07 6.059E-08 2.370E-08 1.241E-08 8.164E-09 5.986E-09 SSE 9.247E-06 2.116E-06 6.983E-07 3.740E-07 2.418E-07 1.141E-07 4.492E-08 2.364E-08 1.560E-08 1.146E-08 XOQDOQ - FPL COL (3 YEAR COMPOSITE 2002, 2005, 2006 Met Data)
2.3-154 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-204 (Sheet 1 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average X/Q Value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries 2.26-Day Decay, Undepleted RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES 2.260 DAY DECAY, UNDEPLETED CORRECTED USING STANDARD OPEN TERRAIN FACTORS ANNUAL AVERAGE CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED) DISTANCE IN MILES FROM THE SITE SECTOR 0.250 0.500 0.750 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 S
3.594E-05 1.077E-05 5.457E-06 2.735E-06 1.101E-06 6.075E-07 3.951E-07 2.812E-07 2.127E-07 1.680E-07 1.371E-07 SSW 1.063E-05 3.273E-06 1.739E-06 8.837E-07 3.571E-07 1.950E-07 1.248E-07 8.772E-08 6.563E-08 5.137E-08 4.157E-08 SW 1.671E-05 5.341E-06 2.906E-06 1.476E-06 5.908E-07 3.186E-07 2.012E-07 1.398E-07 1.037E-07 8.051E-08 6.472E-08 WSW 2.759E-05 8.951E-06 5.021E-06 2.571E-06 1.031E-06 5.553E-07 3.497E-07 2.425E-07 1.794E-07 1.390E-07 1.116E-07 W
5.159E-05 1.655E-05 9.260E-06 4.752E-06 1.917E-06 1.036E-06 6.548E-07 4.553E-07 3.377E-07 2.623E-07 2.109E-07 WNW 3.751E-05 1.200E-05 6.635E-06 3.393E-06 1.366E-06 7.372E-07 4.652E-07 3.231E-07 2.394E-07 1.858E-07 1.493E-07 NW 2.633E-05 8.284E-06 4.541E-06 2.324E-06 9.403E-07 5.102E-07 3.235E-07 2.255E-07 1.677E-07 1.305E-07 1.051E-07 NNW 1.775E-05 5.553E-06 2.986E-06 1.513E-06 6.060E-07 3.273E-07 2.072E-07 1.443E-07 1.072E-07 8.339E-08 6.714E-08 N
1.329E-05 4.154E-06 2.244E-06 1.138E-06 4.562E-07 2.467E-07 1.563E-07 1.090E-07 8.099E-08 6.303E-08 5.077E-08 NNE 1.373E-05 4.245E-06 2.248E-06 1.140E-06 4.594E-07 2.504E-07 1.601E-07 1.124E-07 8.399E-08 6.568E-08 5.313E-08 NE 1.427E-05 4.333E-06 2.239E-06 1.132E-06 4.585E-07 2.521E-07 1.628E-07 1.152E-07 8.664E-08 6.812E-08 5.536E-08 ENE 1.445E-05 4.379E-06 2.255E-06 1.144E-06 4.662E-07 2.571E-07 1.661E-07 1.176E-07 8.855E-08 6.966E-08 5.664E-08 E
2.020E-05 6.070E-06 3.098E-06 1.569E-06 6.399E-07 3.539E-07 2.295E-07 1.629E-07 1.230E-07 9.691E-08 7.892E-08 ESE 2.612E-05 7.798E-06 3.945E-06 1.984E-06 8.033E-07 4.444E-07 2.893E-07 2.060E-07 1.558E-07 1.231E-07 1.004E-07 SE 3.270E-05 9.737E-06 4.896E-06 2.462E-06 9.983E-07 5.531E-07 3.604E-07 2.569E-07 1.945E-07 1.538E-07 1.255E-07 SSE 6.203E-05 1.841E-05 9.234E-06 4.620E-06 1.861E-06 1.031E-06 6.733E-07 4.809E-07 3.648E-07 2.888E-07 2.361E-07 DISTANCE IN MILES FROM THE SITE ANNUAL AVERAGE CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED)
SECTOR 5.000 7.500 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 50.000 S
1.148E-07 6.130E-08 4.065E-08 2.391E-08 1.637E-08 1.217E-08 9.530E-09 7.735E-09 6.444E-09 5.477E-09 4.729E-09 SSW 3.454E-08 1.795E-08 1.167E-08 6.672E-09 4.477E-09 3.275E-09 2.529E-09 2.028E-09 1.671E-09 1.406E-09 1.203E-09 SW 5.347E-08 2.719E-08 1.742E-08 9.774E-09 6.484E-09 4.705E-09 3.612E-09 2.883E-09 2.368E-09 1.988E-09 1.697E-09 WSW 9.204E-08 4.651E-08 2.969E-08 1.658E-08 1.097E-08 7.952E-09 6.105E-09 4.877E-09 4.010E-09 3.370E-09 2.882E-09 W
1.742E-07 8.851E-08 5.671E-08 3.183E-08 2.113E-08 1.535E-08 1.181E-08 9.444E-09 7.774E-09 6.540E-09 5.598E-09 WNW 1.233E-07 6.258E-08 4.006E-08 2.247E-08 1.492E-08 1.084E-08 8.332E-09 6.663E-09 5.482E-09 4.610E-09 3.944E-09 NW 8.696E-08 4.448E-08 2.862E-08 1.614E-08 1.074E-08 7.817E-09 6.015E-09 4.811E-09 3.958E-09 3.328E-09 2.845E-09 NNW 5.554E-08 2.843E-08 1.830E-08 1.034E-08 6.892E-09 5.020E-09 3.866E-09 3.093E-09 2.546E-09 2.140E-09 1.830E-09 N
4.202E-08 2.155E-08 1.389E-08 7.863E-09 5.248E-09 3.826E-09 2.950E-09 2.363E-09 1.946E-09 1.638E-09 1.402E-09 NNE 4.412E-08 2.288E-08 1.486E-08 8.478E-09 5.679E-09 4.147E-09 3.198E-09 2.560E-09 2.107E-09 1.770E-09 1.512E-09 NE 4.616E-08 2.428E-08 1.591E-08 9.180E-09 6.190E-09 4.541E-09 3.514E-09 2.821E-09 2.326E-09 1.958E-09 1.675E-09 ENE 4.724E-08 2.488E-08 1.632E-08 9.442E-09 6.381E-09 4.693E-09 3.639E-09 2.928E-09 2.420E-09 2.041E-09 1.750E-09 E
6.592E-08 3.489E-08 2.296E-08 1.333E-08 9.021E-09 6.639E-09 5.151E-09 4.144E-09 3.424E-09 2.887E-09 2.473E-09 ESE 8.401E-08 4.471E-08 2.953E-08 1.722E-08 1.168E-08 8.610E-09 6.685E-09 5.381E-09 4.446E-09 3.749E-09 3.211E-09 SE 1.051E-07 5.614E-08 3.720E-08 2.181E-08 1.488E-08 1.102E-08 8.598E-09 6.952E-09 5.771E-09 4.887E-09 4.204E-09 SSE 1.980E-07 1.064E-07 7.080E-08 4.183E-08 2.872E-08 2.139E-08 1.678E-08 1.363E-08 1.137E-08 9.672E-09 8.357E-09 VENT AND BUILDING PARAMETERS:
RELEASE HEIGHT (METERS).00 REP. WIND HEIGHT (METERS) 10.0 DIAMETER (METERS).00 BUILDING HEIGHT (METERS) 60.9 EXIT VELOCITY (METERS).00 BLDG.MIN.CRS.SEC.AREA (SQ.METERS) 2636.0 HEAT EMISSION RATE (CAL/SEC).0
2.3-155 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-204 (Sheet 2 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average X/Q Value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries 2.26-Day Decay, Undepleted RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES 2.260 DAY DECAY, UNDEPLETED CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED) FOR EACH SEGMENT DIRECTION SEGMENT BOUNDARIES IN MILES FROM THE SITE FROM SITE
.5-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 S
5.428E-06 1.245E-06 4.062E-07 2.153E-07 1.380E-07 6.401E-08 2.428E-08 1.223E-08 7.756E-09 5.486E-09 SSW 1.700E-06 4.021E-07 1.287E-07 6.651E-08 4.187E-08 1.885E-08 6.807E-09 3.297E-09 2.035E-09 1.410E-09 SW 2.812E-06 6.666E-07 2.079E-07 1.052E-07 6.523E-08 2.869E-08 1.001E-08 4.742E-09 2.895E-09 1.993E-09 WSW 4.805E-06 1.162E-06 3.616E-07 1.820E-07 1.125E-07 4.915E-08 1.700E-08 8.018E-09 4.897E-09 3.379E-09 W
8.877E-06 2.155E-06 6.767E-07 3.426E-07 2.125E-07 9.341E-08 3.260E-08 1.547E-08 9.483E-09 6.557E-09 WNW 6.387E-06 1.537E-06 4.809E-07 2.429E-07 1.505E-07 6.606E-08 2.302E-08 1.092E-08 6.690E-09 4.622E-09 NW 4.387E-06 1.057E-06 3.341E-07 1.700E-07 1.059E-07 4.687E-08 1.651E-08 7.877E-09 4.830E-09 3.336E-09 NNW 2.902E-06 6.838E-07 2.141E-07 1.087E-07 6.766E-08 2.995E-08 1.057E-08 5.057E-09 3.105E-09 2.145E-09 N
2.177E-06 5.147E-07 1.615E-07 8.214E-08 5.116E-08 2.270E-08 8.040E-09 3.855E-09 2.372E-09 1.642E-09 NNE 2.199E-06 5.177E-07 1.651E-07 8.512E-08 5.351E-08 2.404E-08 8.652E-09 4.176E-09 2.570E-09 1.774E-09 NE 2.212E-06 5.165E-07 1.676E-07 8.773E-08 5.573E-08 2.542E-08 9.346E-09 4.570E-09 2.830E-09 1.962E-09 ENE 2.233E-06 5.239E-07 1.710E-07 8.966E-08 5.701E-08 2.604E-08 9.611E-09 4.722E-09 2.938E-09 2.045E-09 E
3.079E-06 7.192E-07 2.360E-07 1.245E-07 7.944E-08 3.648E-08 1.355E-08 6.679E-09 4.157E-09 2.893E-09 ESE 3.930E-06 9.062E-07 2.974E-07 1.577E-07 1.011E-07 4.670E-08 1.749E-08 8.659E-09 5.397E-09 3.756E-09 SE 4.890E-06 1.126E-06 3.704E-07 1.968E-07 1.263E-07 5.860E-08 2.215E-08 1.108E-08 6.973E-09 4.896E-09 SSE 9.222E-06 2.105E-06 6.917E-07 3.690E-07 2.376E-07 1.109E-07 4.244E-08 2.150E-08 1.367E-08 9.688E-09 XOQDOQ - FPL COL (3 YEAR COMPOSITE 2002, 2005, 2006 Met Data)
2.3-156 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-205 (Sheet 1 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average X/Q Value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries 8-Day Decay, Depleted RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES 8.000 DAY DECAY, DEPLETED CORRECTED USING STANDARD OPEN TERRAIN FACTORS ANNUAL AVERAGE CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED) DISTANCE IN MILES FROM THE SITE SECTOR 0.250 0.500 0.750 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 S
3.403E-05 9.849E-06 4.872E-06 2.401E-06 9.386E-07 5.056E-07 3.221E-07 2.252E-07 1.675E-07 1.304E-07 1.049E-07 SSW 1.007E-05 2.993E-06 1.554E-06 7.760E-07 3.048E-07 1.625E-07 1.019E-07 7.036E-08 5.180E-08 3.995E-08 3.190E-08 SW 1.583E-05 4.884E-06 2.594E-06 1.295E-06 5.036E-07 2.651E-07 1.640E-07 1.119E-07 8.163E-08 6.245E-08 4.951E-08 WSW 2.613E-05 8.182E-06 4.480E-06 2.254E-06 8.783E-07 4.616E-07 2.846E-07 1.937E-07 1.409E-07 1.075E-07 8.509E-08 W
4.885E-05 1.513E-05 8.263E-06 4.167E-06 1.632E-06 8.613E-07 5.330E-07 3.637E-07 2.653E-07 2.029E-07 1.608E-07 WNW 3.552E-05 1.097E-05 5.922E-06 2.976E-06 1.163E-06 6.130E-07 3.788E-07 2.583E-07 1.882E-07 1.439E-07 1.140E-07 NW 2.494E-05 7.574E-06 4.054E-06 2.039E-06 8.014E-07 4.245E-07 2.636E-07 1.805E-07 1.320E-07 1.012E-07 8.037E-08 NNW 1.681E-05 5.078E-06 2.666E-06 1.328E-06 5.167E-07 2.725E-07 1.690E-07 1.156E-07 8.445E-08 6.471E-08 5.139E-08 N
1.259E-05 3.798E-06 2.003E-06 9.989E-07 3.889E-07 2.053E-07 1.274E-07 8.721E-08 6.377E-08 4.889E-08 3.884E-08 NNE 1.300E-05 3.883E-06 2.008E-06 1.001E-06 3.920E-07 2.087E-07 1.307E-07 9.011E-08 6.628E-08 5.108E-08 4.076E-08 NE 1.352E-05 3.964E-06 2.001E-06 9.946E-07 3.915E-07 2.103E-07 1.331E-07 9.249E-08 6.849E-08 5.308E-08 4.256E-08 ENE 1.369E-05 4.006E-06 2.015E-06 1.005E-06 3.980E-07 2.143E-07 1.357E-07 9.438E-08 6.992E-08 5.421E-08 4.348E-08 E
1.914E-05 5.553E-06 2.768E-06 1.378E-06 5.464E-07 2.951E-07 1.876E-07 1.308E-07 9.717E-08 7.549E-08 6.066E-08 ESE 2.475E-05 7.135E-06 3.526E-06 1.744E-06 6.863E-07 3.709E-07 2.367E-07 1.656E-07 1.233E-07 9.602E-08 7.731E-08 SE 3.098E-05 8.906E-06 4.374E-06 2.162E-06 8.520E-07 4.610E-07 2.944E-07 2.061E-07 1.535E-07 1.196E-07 9.634E-08 SSE 5.875E-05 1.683E-05 8.246E-06 4.055E-06 1.587E-06 8.583E-07 5.492E-07 3.852E-07 2.874E-07 2.242E-07 1.808E-07 DISTANCE IN MILES FROM THE SITE ANNUAL AVERAGE CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED)
SECTOR 5.000 7.500 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 50.000 S
8.669E-08 4.408E-08 2.804E-08 1.547E-08 1.007E-08 7.189E-09 5.435E-09 4.277E-09 3.465E-09 2.871E-09 2.422E-09 SSW 2.617E-08 1.297E-08 8.099E-09 4.356E-09 2.789E-09 1.964E-09 1.468E-09 1.144E-09 9.195E-10 7.563E-10 6.336E-10 SW 4.038E-08 1.955E-08 1.202E-08 6.330E-09 3.998E-09 2.785E-09 2.065E-09 1.599E-09 1.277E-09 1.045E-09 8.718E-10 WSW 6.926E-08 3.326E-08 2.033E-08 1.061E-08 6.654E-09 4.613E-09 3.407E-09 2.629E-09 2.095E-09 1.711E-09 1.425E-09 W
1.311E-07 6.332E-08 3.885E-08 2.039E-08 1.283E-08 8.921E-09 6.604E-09 5.105E-09 4.074E-09 3.332E-09 2.777E-09 WNW 9.288E-08 4.483E-08 2.750E-08 1.443E-08 9.091E-09 6.323E-09 4.683E-09 3.622E-09 2.892E-09 2.365E-09 1.972E-09 NW 6.565E-08 3.196E-08 1.972E-08 1.043E-08 6.604E-09 4.610E-09 3.423E-09 2.653E-09 2.122E-09 1.738E-09 1.451E-09 NNW 4.198E-08 2.046E-08 1.264E-08 6.706E-09 4.259E-09 2.980E-09 2.218E-09 1.722E-09 1.379E-09 1.132E-09 9.458E-10 N
3.174E-08 1.550E-08 9.585E-09 5.089E-09 3.233E-09 2.263E-09 1.685E-09 1.308E-09 1.048E-09 8.601E-10 7.191E-10 NNE 3.343E-08 1.654E-08 1.032E-08 5.543E-09 3.546E-09 2.495E-09 1.864E-09 1.452E-09 1.166E-09 9.587E-10 8.027E-10 NE 3.505E-08 1.760E-08 1.109E-08 6.037E-09 3.893E-09 2.755E-09 2.068E-09 1.617E-09 1.303E-09 1.074E-09 9.013E-10 ENE 3.581E-08 1.799E-08 1.134E-08 6.177E-09 3.986E-09 2.822E-09 2.120E-09 1.659E-09 1.337E-09 1.103E-09 9.261E-10 E
5.004E-08 2.528E-08 1.600E-08 8.750E-09 5.662E-09 4.018E-09 3.022E-09 2.367E-09 1.910E-09 1.577E-09 1.325E-09 ESE 6.389E-08 3.248E-08 2.065E-08 1.136E-08 7.382E-09 5.253E-09 3.960E-09 3.108E-09 2.511E-09 2.075E-09 1.745E-09 SE 7.965E-08 4.058E-08 2.583E-08 1.425E-08 9.278E-09 6.615E-09 4.996E-09 3.927E-09 3.178E-09 2.631E-09 2.216E-09 SSE 1.496E-07 7.657E-08 4.890E-08 2.711E-08 1.772E-08 1.267E-08 9.597E-09 7.563E-09 6.135E-09 5.089E-09 4.296E-09 VENT AND BUILDING PARAMETERS:
RELEASE HEIGHT (METERS).00 REP. WIND HEIGHT (METERS) 10.0 DIAMETER (METERS).00 BUILDING HEIGHT (METERS) 60.9 EXIT VELOCITY (METERS).00 BLDG.MIN.CRS.SEC.AREA (SQ.METERS) 2636.0 HEAT EMISSION RATE (CAL/SEC).0
2.3-157 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-205 (Sheet 2 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average X/Q Value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries 8-Day Decay, Depleted RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES 8.000 DAY DECAY, DEPLETED CHI/Q (SEC/METER CUBED) FOR EACH SEGMENT DIRECTION SEGMENT BOUNDARIES IN MILES FROM THE SITE FROM SITE
.5-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 S
4.880E-06 1.071E-06 3.323E-07 1.698E-07 1.057E-07 4.642E-08 1.586E-08 7.257E-09 4.299E-09 2.881E-09 SSW 1.528E-06 3.463E-07 1.055E-07 5.259E-08 3.216E-08 1.374E-08 4.491E-09 1.986E-09 1.151E-09 7.592E-10 SW 2.526E-06 5.736E-07 1.701E-07 8.297E-08 4.996E-08 2.083E-08 6.558E-09 2.821E-09 1.610E-09 1.050E-09 WSW 4.314E-06 9.989E-07 2.954E-07 1.433E-07 8.588E-08 3.551E-08 1.101E-08 4.675E-09 2.648E-09 1.719E-09 W
7.969E-06 1.853E-06 5.528E-07 2.696E-07 1.623E-07 6.751E-08 2.113E-08 9.038E-09 5.141E-09 3.346E-09 WNW 5.735E-06 1.322E-06 3.930E-07 1.913E-07 1.150E-07 4.780E-08 1.496E-08 6.405E-09 3.647E-09 2.376E-09 NW 3.941E-06 9.090E-07 2.733E-07 1.341E-07 8.108E-08 3.401E-08 1.079E-08 4.667E-09 2.671E-09 1.746E-09 NNW 2.607E-06 5.884E-07 1.752E-07 8.582E-08 5.185E-08 2.177E-08 6.938E-09 3.016E-09 1.733E-09 1.136E-09 N
1.956E-06 4.429E-07 1.321E-07 6.480E-08 3.919E-08 1.648E-08 5.263E-09 2.290E-09 1.317E-09 8.637E-10 NNE 1.977E-06 4.458E-07 1.352E-07 6.730E-08 4.110E-08 1.753E-08 5.717E-09 2.523E-09 1.461E-09 9.624E-10 NE 1.990E-06 4.450E-07 1.374E-07 6.947E-08 4.290E-08 1.859E-08 6.208E-09 2.784E-09 1.626E-09 1.078E-09 ENE 2.008E-06 4.512E-07 1.401E-07 7.092E-08 4.382E-08 1.900E-08 6.351E-09 2.852E-09 1.668E-09 1.107E-09 E
2.769E-06 6.196E-07 1.936E-07 9.853E-08 6.112E-08 2.665E-08 8.988E-09 4.058E-09 2.380E-09 1.582E-09 ESE 3.536E-06 7.811E-07 2.441E-07 1.250E-07 7.788E-08 3.420E-08 1.166E-08 5.304E-09 3.124E-09 2.082E-09 SE 4.398E-06 9.693E-07 3.035E-07 1.556E-07 9.705E-08 4.271E-08 1.461E-08 6.677E-09 3.947E-09 2.639E-09 SSE 8.292E-06 1.812E-06 5.660E-07 2.913E-07 1.821E-07 8.051E-08 2.778E-08 1.279E-08 7.600E-09 5.105E-09 XOQDOQ - FPL COL (3 YEAR COMPOSITE 2002, 2005, 2006 Met Data)
2.3-158 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-206 (Sheet 1 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average D/Q value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES CORRECTED USING STANDARD OPEN TERRAIN FACTORS RELATIVE DEPOSITION PER UNIT AREA (M**-2) AT FIXED POINTS BY DOWNWIND SECTORS DIRECTION DISTANCES IN MILES FROM SITE.25.50.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 S 1.312E-07 4.436E-08 2.278E-08 1.083E-08 3.889E-09 1.929E-09 1.136E-09 7.437E-10 5.233E-10 3.878E-10 2.988E-10 SSW 5.059E-08 1.711E-08 8.784E-09 4.176E-09 1.500E-09 7.439E-10 4.380E-10 2.868E-10 2.018E-10 1.496E-10 1.153E-10 SW 1.466E-07 4.957E-08 2.545E-08 1.210E-08 4.346E-09 2.155E-09 1.269E-09 8.310E-10 5.847E-10 4.333E-10 3.339E-10 WSW 2.370E-07 8.015E-08 4.115E-08 1.956E-08 7.027E-09 3.485E-09 2.052E-09 1.344E-09 9.455E-10 7.007E-10 5.400E-10 W 4.078E-07 1.379E-07 7.081E-08 3.366E-08 1.209E-08 5.997E-09 3.531E-09 2.312E-09 1.627E-09 1.206E-09 9.291E-10 WNW 3.077E-07 1.040E-07 5.342E-08 2.540E-08 9.122E-09 4.524E-09 2.664E-09 1.744E-09 1.227E-09 9.095E-10 7.009E-10 NW 1.928E-07 6.520E-08 3.347E-08 1.591E-08 5.716E-09 2.835E-09 1.669E-09 1.093E-09 7.691E-10 5.700E-10 4.392E-10 NNW 1.380E-07 4.667E-08 2.396E-08 1.139E-08 4.092E-09 2.029E-09 1.195E-09 7.824E-10 5.505E-10 4.080E-10 3.144E-10 N 1.027E-07 3.474E-08 1.784E-08 8.480E-09 3.046E-09 1.511E-09 8.895E-10 5.824E-10 4.098E-10 3.037E-10 2.340E-10 NNE 7.283E-08 2.463E-08 1.265E-08 6.012E-09 2.160E-09 1.071E-09 6.306E-10 4.129E-10 2.905E-10 2.153E-10 1.659E-10 NE 5.551E-08 1.877E-08 9.639E-09 4.582E-09 1.646E-09 8.163E-10 4.806E-10 3.147E-10 2.215E-10 1.641E-10 1.265E-10 ENE 4.950E-08 1.674E-08 8.594E-09 4.086E-09 1.468E-09 7.278E-10 4.286E-10 2.806E-10 1.975E-10 1.463E-10 1.128E-10 E 5.807E-08 1.964E-08 1.008E-08 4.793E-09 1.722E-09 8.538E-10 5.027E-10 3.292E-10 2.316E-10 1.717E-10 1.323E-10 ESE 6.472E-08 2.189E-08 1.124E-08 5.342E-09 1.919E-09 9.517E-10 5.604E-10 3.669E-10 2.582E-10 1.913E-10 1.474E-10 SE 9.289E-08 3.141E-08 1.613E-08 7.667E-09 2.754E-09 1.366E-09 8.042E-10 5.266E-10 3.705E-10 2.746E-10 2.116E-10 SSE 2.081E-07 7.037E-08 3.613E-08 1.718E-08 6.171E-09 3.060E-09 1.802E-09 1.180E-09 8.302E-10 6.152E-10 4.741E-10 DIRECTION DISTANCES IN MILES FROM SITE 5.00 7.50 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 S 2.374E-10 1.055E-10 6.389E-11 3.229E-11 1.954E-11 1.310E-11 9.390E-12 7.051E-12 5.482E-12 4.379E-12 3.574E-12 SSW 9.157E-11 4.068E-11 2.464E-11 1.245E-11 7.538E-12 5.054E-12 3.622E-12 2.719E-12 2.114E-12 1.689E-12 1.379E-12 SW 2.653E-10 1.179E-10 7.139E-11 3.608E-11 2.184E-11 1.464E-11 1.049E-11 7.879E-12 6.126E-12 4.893E-12 3.994E-12 WSW 4.290E-10 1.906E-10 1.154E-10 5.835E-11 3.531E-11 2.368E-11 1.697E-11 1.274E-11 9.905E-12 7.912E-12 6.458E-12 W 7.381E-10 3.279E-10 1.986E-10 1.004E-10 6.077E-11 4.074E-11 2.919E-11 2.192E-11 1.704E-11 1.362E-11 1.111E-11 WNW 5.568E-10 2.474E-10 1.498E-10 7.574E-11 4.584E-11 3.073E-11 2.202E-11 1.654E-11 1.286E-11 1.027E-11 8.383E-12 NW 3.489E-10 1.550E-10 9.390E-11 4.746E-11 2.873E-11 1.926E-11 1.380E-11 1.036E-11 8.058E-12 6.436E-12 5.254E-12 NNW 2.498E-10 1.110E-10 6.722E-11 3.397E-11 2.056E-11 1.379E-11 9.879E-12 7.418E-12 5.768E-12 4.607E-12 3.761E-12 N 1.859E-10 8.260E-11 5.004E-11 2.529E-11 1.531E-11 1.026E-11 7.354E-12 5.522E-12 4.294E-12 3.430E-12 2.799E-12 NNE 1.318E-10 5.856E-11 3.547E-11 1.793E-11 1.085E-11 7.276E-12 5.214E-12 3.915E-12 3.044E-12 2.432E-12 1.985E-12 NE 1.005E-10 4.464E-11 2.704E-11 1.367E-11 8.272E-12 5.546E-12 3.974E-12 2.984E-12 2.320E-12 1.853E-12 1.513E-12 ENE 8.959E-11 3.980E-11 2.411E-11 1.219E-11 7.375E-12 4.945E-12 3.543E-12 2.661E-12 2.069E-12 1.652E-12 1.349E-12 E 1.051E-10 4.669E-11 2.828E-11 1.429E-11 8.652E-12 5.801E-12 4.157E-12 3.121E-12 2.427E-12 1.939E-12 1.582E-12 ESE 1.171E-10 5.204E-11 3.152E-11 1.593E-11 9.643E-12 6.466E-12 4.633E-12 3.479E-12 2.705E-12 2.161E-12 1.764E-12 SE 1.681E-10 7.468E-11 4.524E-11 2.287E-11 1.384E-11 9.280E-12 6.649E-12 4.993E-12 3.882E-12 3.101E-12 2.531E-12 SSE 3.767E-10 1.673E-10 1.014E-10 5.123E-11 3.101E-11 2.079E-11 1.490E-11 1.119E-11 8.698E-12 6.948E-12 5.671E-12 XOQDOQ - FPL COL (3 YEAR COMPOSITE 2002, 2005, 2006 Met Data)
2.3-159 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-206 (Sheet 2 of 2)
XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average D/Q value at the Standard Radial Distances and Distance Segment Boundaries RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES RELATIVE DEPOSITION PER UNIT AREA (M**-2) BY DOWNWIND SECTORS SEGMENT BOUNDARIES IN MILES DIRECTION FROM SITE.5-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 S 2.226E-08 4.560E-09 1.190E-09 5.346E-10 3.024E-10 1.163E-10 3.365E-11 1.334E-11 7.122E-12 4.408E-12 SSW 8.586E-09 1.759E-09 4.591E-10 2.062E-10 1.166E-10 4.486E-11 1.298E-11 5.143E-12 2.747E-12 1.700E-12 SW 2.488E-08 5.095E-09 1.330E-09 5.974E-10 3.380E-10 1.300E-10 3.760E-11 1.490E-11 7.958E-12 4.926E-12 WSW 4.022E-08 8.239E-09 2.151E-09 9.660E-10 5.465E-10 2.101E-10 6.080E-11 2.410E-11 1.287E-11 7.964E-12 W 6.921E-08 1.418E-08 3.701E-09 1.662E-09 9.403E-10 3.616E-10 1.046E-10 4.146E-11 2.214E-11 1.370E-11 WNW 5.221E-08 1.069E-08 2.792E-09 1.254E-09 7.094E-10 2.728E-10 7.892E-11 3.128E-11 1.670E-11 1.034E-11 NW 3.272E-08 6.702E-09 1.750E-09 7.858E-10 4.445E-10 1.709E-10 4.945E-11 1.960E-11 1.047E-11 6.479E-12 NNW 2.342E-08 4.798E-09 1.252E-09 5.625E-10 3.182E-10 1.224E-10 3.540E-11 1.403E-11 7.493E-12 4.638E-12 N 1.743E-08 3.571E-09 9.323E-10 4.187E-10 2.369E-10 9.109E-11 2.635E-11 1.044E-11 5.577E-12 3.452E-12 NNE 1.236E-08 2.532E-09 6.610E-10 2.969E-10 1.679E-10 6.458E-11 1.868E-11 7.405E-12 3.954E-12 2.447E-12 NE 9.421E-09 1.930E-09 5.038E-10 2.263E-10 1.280E-10 4.922E-11 1.424E-11 5.644E-12 3.014E-12 1.865E-12 ENE 8.400E-09 1.721E-09 4.492E-10 2.017E-10 1.141E-10 4.389E-11 1.270E-11 5.032E-12 2.687E-12 1.663E-12 E 9.854E-09 2.019E-09 5.269E-10 2.367E-10 1.339E-10 5.149E-11 1.489E-11 5.903E-12 3.152E-12 1.951E-12 ESE 1.098E-08 2.250E-09 5.873E-10 2.638E-10 1.492E-10 5.739E-11 1.660E-11 6.580E-12 3.514E-12 2.175E-12 SE 1.576E-08 3.229E-09 8.430E-10 3.786E-10 2.142E-10 8.236E-11 2.383E-11 9.444E-12 5.043E-12 3.121E-12 SSE 3.532E-08 7.234E-09 1.889E-09 8.482E-10 4.798E-10 1.845E-10 5.338E-11 2.116E-11 1.130E-11 6.993E-12 VENT AND BUILDING PARAMETERS:
RELEASE HEIGHT (METERS).00 REP. WIND HEIGHT (METERS) 10.0 DIAMETER (METERS).00 BUILDING HEIGHT (METERS) 69.7 EXIT VELOCITY (METERS).00 BLDG.MIN.CRS.SEC.AREA (SQ.METERS) 2636.0 HEAT EMISSION RATE (CAL/SEC).0 ALL GROUND LEVEL RELEASES.
XOQDOQ - FPL COL (3 YEAR COMPOSITE 2002, 2005, 2006 Met Data)
2.3-160 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR Table 2.3.5-207 XOQDOQ-Predicted Annual Average X/Q and D/Q Values at Sensitive Receptors Note: Prop Line refers to the site boundary.
RELEASE POINT - GROUND LEVEL - NO INTERMITTENT RELEASES CORRECTED USING STANDARD OPEN TERRAIN FACTORS SPECIFIC POINTS OF INTEREST
RELEASE TYPE OF DIRECTION DISTANCE X/Q X/Q X/Q D/Q ID LOCATION FROM SITE (MILES) (METERS) (SEC/CUB.METER) (SEC/CUB.METER) (SEC/CUB.METER) (PER SQ.METER)
NO DECAY 2.260 DAY DECAY 8.000 DAY DECAY UNDEPLETED UNDEPLETED DEPLETED A Residential NW 3.97 6388. 1.3E-07 1.3E-07 1.0E-07 5.8E-10 A Residential NNW 5.06 8145. 5.5E-08 5.4E-08 4.1E-08 2.4E-10 A Residential N 2.69 4333. 1.4E-07 1.3E-07 1.1E-07 7.5E-10 A Vegetable NW 4.78 7692. 9.6E-08 9.4E-08 7.2E-08 3.8E-10 A Vegetable NNW 5.06 8145. 5.5E-08 5.4E-08 4.1E-08 2.4E-10 A UNIT 7 W.13 215. 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 1.5E-04 1.0E-06 A School NW 1.99 3198. 5.2E-07 5.2E-07 4.3E-07 2.9E-09 A EAB S.52 840. 1.0E-05 1.0E-05 9.1E-06 4.1E-08 A EAB SSW.51 819. 3.2E-06 3.2E-06 2.9E-06 1.7E-08 A EAB SW.45 724. 6.3E-06 6.3E-06 5.8E-06 5.9E-08 A EAB WSW.48 780. 9.4E-06 9.3E-06 8.6E-06 8.4E-08 A EAB W.49 782. 1.7E-05 1.7E-05 1.6E-05 1.4E-07 A EAB WNW.49 789. 1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-07 A EAB NW.48 766. 8.9E-06 8.9E-06 8.2E-06 7.1E-08 A EAB NNW.48 767. 6.0E-06 6.0E-06 5.5E-06 5.0E-08 A EAB N.48 767. 4.5E-06 4.5E-06 4.1E-06 3.8E-08 A EAB NNE.48 767. 4.6E-06 4.6E-06 4.2E-06 2.7E-08 A EAB NE.27 435. 1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05 4.9E-08 A EAB ENE.28 458. 1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-05 4.1E-08 A EAB E.30 479. 1.5E-05 1.5E-05 1.4E-05 4.5E-08 A EAB ESE.37 589. 1.3E-05 1.3E-05 1.2E-05 3.6E-08 A EAB SE.36 586. 1.7E-05 1.7E-05 1.6E-05 5.2E-08 A EAB SSE.53 848. 1.7E-05 1.7E-05 1.5E-05 6.5E-08 A Prop Line S.36 577. 1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.8E-05 7.5E-08 A Prop Line SSW 2.72 4373. 1.1E-07 1.1E-07 8.6E-08 3.6E-10 A Prop Line SW 1.50 2409. 6.0E-07 5.9E-07 5.1E-07 4.4E-09 A Prop Line WSW 1.36 2195. 1.3E-06 1.3E-06 1.1E-06 8.9E-09 A Prop Line W 1.35 2173. 2.4E-06 2.4E-06 2.1E-06 1.6E-08 A Prop Line WNW . .E-07 .E-07 .E-07 .E-09 A Prop Line NW 1.64 2641. 7.8E-07 7.7E-07 6.6E-07 4.6E-09 A Prop Line NNW 1.51 2430. 6.0E-07 6.0E-07 5.1E-07 4.0E-09 A Prop Line N 1.12 1797. 8.9E-07 8.8E-07 7.7E-07 6.4E-09 A Prop Line NNE 1.10 1773. 9.2E-07 9.1E-07 8.0E-07 4.7E-09 A Prop Line NE.39 624. 6.7E-06 6.6E-06 6.2E-06 2.8E-08 A Prop Line ENE.40 647. 6.3E-06 6.3E-06 5.8E-06 2.4E-08 A Prop Line E.39 635. 9.1E-06 9.1E-06 8.4E-06 2.9E-08 A Prop Line ESE.43 688. 1.0E-05 1.0E-05 9.4E-06 2.8E-08 A Prop Line SE.37 595. 1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.5E-05 5.1E-08 A Prop Line SSE.35 564. 3.4E-05 3.4E-05 3.2E-05 1.2E-07
VENT AND BUILDING PARAMETERS:
RELEASE HEIGHT (METERS).00 REP. WIND HEIGHT (METERS) 10.0 DIAMETER (METERS).00 BUILDING HEIGHT (METERS) 60.9 EXIT VELOCITY (METERS).00 BLDG.MIN.CRS.SEC.AREA (SQ.METERS) 2636.0 HEAT EMISSION RATE (CAL/SEC).0
2.3-161 Revision 0 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 - IFSAR 2.3.6 Combined License Information 2.3.6.1 Regional Climatology Site-specific information related to regional climatology is addressed in Subsection 2.3.1.
2.3.6.2 Local Meteorology Site-specific local meteorology information is addressed in Subsection 2.3.2.
2.3.6.3 Onsite Meteorological Measurement Programs The site-specific onsite meteorological measurements program is addressed in Subsection 2.3.3.
2.3.6.4 Short-Term Diffusion Estimates Site-specific /Q values are addressed in Subsection 2.3.4.
2.3.6.5 Long-Term Diffusion Estimates Long-term diffusion estimates and /Q values are addressed in Subsection 2.3.5.