ML17341A247
| ML17341A247 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Turkey Point  |
| Issue date: | 06/12/1981 |
| From: | Chonin N CHONIN, N., ONCAVAGE, M. |
| To: | Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel |
| Shared Package | |
| ML17341A248 | List: |
| References | |
| ISSUANCES-SP, NUDOCS 8106190309 | |
| Download: ML17341A247 (47) | |
Text
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/~~/<'NITED STATE OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD 05@~
4 8 Wiley<s~Q
>ee~~@Ce v
C~
)
Docket Nos.
50-250-SP
)
5 50-251-SP oposed Amendments to Facility
())
JUN l)81981 ~
rating Licenses to Permit 3
p,s, wm4ai~>~
am Gener ator Repairs)
CON/I 5$
QH In the matter of
/g FLORIDA POWER 8 LIGHT COM (Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Unites Nos.
and, 4) 6' Q) 6'NTERVENOR'S POSITION AS TO ACTION THE'OARD SHOULD TAKE REGARDING THE DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE RESULTING FROM THE STEAM GENERATOR REPAIRS Pursuant to the Memorandum and Order of the Atomic Safety Licensing Board dated May 28, 1981 at page 43,'paragraph 4, Mark P.
Oncavage files the following position as to whether the Board can or amendment conditions.
Statement of Facts There is presently on site at Turkey Point facility approximately 400 drums containing solid waste with low level radio-activity.
The Final Environmental Statement states that the estimated amount of radioactive solid waste generated from the steam generator repair ranges from 1100,cubic meters to 2300 cubic meters per unit.
This estimate excludes the lower a;ssemblies that will be removed during the repairs and the normal amount of.,solid waste from operations which amounts to approximately 575 cubic meters per unit per year.
(See affidavit of, Douglas King on Contention for Board).
The FES also shows that the waste limitation for Turkey Point waste at the Barnwell, South Carolina, disposal site is 57 cubic meters per month, starting in e
should take any action regarding solid waste resulting from steam generator repairs at Turkey Point, including the imposition of license szo6~soso t
~r,n9 gb
/
- October, 1981.
Given the limited disposal allocation at the Barnwell
~
~
~
~
~
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~
- site, the licensee will not be able to ship the solid waste generated from the steam generator repairs to its normal disposal facility.
This creates a unique question as to what.will happen to the solid waste resulting from the steam generator repairs, as the Board has recognized in its May 28, 1981 Order.
10 C.F.R.
Sec.
20.301 says:
e "No licensee shall dispose of licensed material except:
a) by transfer to an authorized recipient as provided in the regulations in Part 30, 40 or 70 of this chapter, whichever may be applicable; b) as authorized pursuant to Sec.
20.302; c) as provided in Sec.
20.303 or Sec.
20.304, applicable respectively to the disposal of licensed material by release into sanitary sewerage systems or burial in soil, or in Sec.
20;106 (radioactivity in effluents to unrestricted areas).
I.25 FR 10914, Nov. 17, 1960, as amended at 39 FR 27121, July 25, 1974j" At present the Florida Power 8 Light Turkey Point facility does not have an "authorized recipient" for the solid waste generated by units 3 and 4.
The Steam Generator Repair Reports provides no f
procedure or release into'he sanitary sewerage system as set forth in 10 C.F.R.
Sec.
20.303 or for disposal by burial in soil as set forth I
.in 10- C.F.R.
Sec.
20.304 or re].'ease in effluents areas as provided for in 10 C.F.R.
Sec.
20.106.
The only remaining permissable procedure is that set forth in 10 C.F.R.
Sec.
20.302, which describes the method for obtaining approval for proposed disposal procedures.
10 C.F.R.
Sec.
20.302 says:
"Any licensee or applicant for a license may apply
to the Commission for approval of proposed procedures to dispose of licensed material in a manner not otherwise authorized in the regu-lations in this chapter.
Each application should include a description of the licensed material and any other radioactive material involved, including the quantities and kinds of such material and the levels of radio-activity involved, and the proposed manner and conditions of disposal.
The application should also include an analysis and evalua-tion of pertinent information as to the nature of the environment, including topographical, geological, meteorological, and hydrological characteristics; usage of ground and surface waters in the general area; the nature and location of other potentially affected faci-lities; and procedures to be observed to minimize the risk of unexpected or hazardous exposures.
b)
The comniss"on. will not approve any appli-cation for a license to receive licensed material from other persons for disposal on land not owned by the Federal Government or by a State government.
c)
The commision will not approve any application for a license for disposal of licensed material at sea unless the applicant shows that sea disposal offers less harm to man or the environment than other practical alternative methods of disposal.
[25 FR 10914, Nov. 17, 1960, as amended at 26 FR 352, Jan.
18, 1961; 36 FR 23138, Dec.
4, 197lj" Given the requirements of this regulation and the restrict-ions.on disposing the solid waste at the Barnwell, South Carolina facility, the Intervenor takes the following positions en the disposal of the solid
'waste resulting from the steam generator repairs at Turkey Point:
POSITION I The licensee should submit to the Commission for its approval an application that sets forth its proposed disposal procedures.
This application should include a description of the radioactive material t
involved, including the levels of radioactivity quantities and kinds of such materials, and the involved. It should include the proposed manner
and conditions of disposal and an analysis of the nature of the environ-ment into which the material will be disposed along with a description of the nature and location of other potentially affected facilities.
POSITION II All parties to this case and all other interested persons should be given a fair opportunity to comment on the licensee's applica-tion to dispose of this material.
POSITION IlI A.
The Board should direct the NRC staff to prepare an environmental impact statement pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C.
Sec. 4321 and pursuant to the Nuclear
'Regulatory Commission regulation 10 C.F,.R. Part 51 relative to the generic solid low level waste disposal
- issue, The handling, transporting t
and disposition of the solid waste which vill be generated by the repair is a major federal action that may significantly effect the human environment, or B.
The Board should delay the repair and appoint the EPA as the lead agency for preparing the Environmental Impact Statement on the waste issue.
The staff of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has shown a predisposed bias and prejudice toward conducting these repairs and could not under NEPA do a fair and impartial evaluation of the environmental impact of the solid waste issue.
(See Section
- 103, NEPA)
This is shown by the staff's total disregard for the waste C
issue in the environmental impact statement.
This is further shown by the staff's an'd licensee's disregard for the safety aspect of allowing hundreds of fifty-five gallon drums of radioactive waste to stand t
in an open dump without any security whatsoever.
POS1TION IV t
The Board should rule that the Environmental Impact Statement (FES) prepared by the staff is inadequate for its failure to discuss the environmental impact of the handling, transporting, and disposition of the solid waste which will be generated by the repair.
The impact of the waste issue was not addressed in the Environmental Impact Statement.
POSITION V
The Board should direct the NRC staff to send the Environmental Impact Statement back to the agencies for comment on the solid low level waste issue.
The agencies, whose comments are attached to the Final Environmental Impact Statement, had no information concerning the low level waste issue, and therefore, did not have the opportunity to comment on this issue.
POSlTION VI Any issuance of an amendment to the license should be delayed until such time as an environmental impact study is done concerning the low level waste issue and/or until such time as the present Final Environmental Impact Statement properly addresses the waste issue..
These repairs should be delayed until the NEPA require-
,.ments, are 'followed, including sufficient time to comment on the waste issue-and an appropriate public hearing is held concerning the waste issue.
POSITION VII The Board should direct the staff to contact the appropriate State of Florida agencies and allow the State'f Florida t
to complete studies that are presently being taken concerning the issue of the disposal of the solid waste.
Attached to this filing are
0
documents which would reflect that the University of Florida is resently studying the low level waste issue.
A solution has not been found to the pxoblem of the disposal of low level waste generated in the State of Florida exclusive of the waste that will be generated by the repair itself.
POSITION VIII The repair should be delayed until the NRC completes its review of the disposal of low activity bulk solid waste.
The NRC is presently studying the issue in advance of instituting lg C.F.R.
Part 61.
The Board should direct Florida Power 8 Light to reveal in the record whether Florida Power 8 Light intends to apply for a license amendment relative to becoming a waste recipient or in the alternative whether they intend to petition the NRC for an exception authorized by 10 C.F.R.
Sec.
30.11-20, Sec.
40.11-14, and/or Sec.
70.11-14 POSITION IX The Board should direct the staff to require Florida Power 8 Light to determine that all solid radioactive waste leaving the reactor site for burial contains no detectible free liquids as defi.ned by Appendix II of NSI-ANS 55.1-1979.
POSITION X
The Board should reject the amended license application
.and prohibit the repair because the licensee under the existing regulations has no legal manner in which to dispose of the low level
'r.
The land on which Turkey waste which wz.ll be generated by the repai P
'tuated is privately owned land and therefore the licensee V
~
~
could not obtain a license as a low level waste storage facxlxty.
POSITION XI t
The Board should require the staff and licensee to examine the low level waste disposal capacity of Turkey Point for the life of the plant.
POSITION XII The Board should allow the Intervenor the right to reopen Discovery on the Solid Low Level Waste Issue.
The Board itself realized that there has not been sufficient time to develop a record on this issue.
(
See May 28, 1981 Order at p. 40).
JURISDICTIONAL ISSUE The environmental impact of maintaining the reactor site as a Nuclear Waste disposal site during the license term has never been considered by this Board, nor by the commission.
The Licensee plans to construct a facility at Turkey Point which will be suitable for temporary storage of low dose rate LLW containers in the event it becomes necessary to retain LLW on site.
(See University of Florida LLW Report at p. 71.)
The Commission has under study whether an off-'site storage solution for Nuclear Waste will be available by the years 2007-2009 and if not whether wastes can be stored on sites beyond those years, until an off-site solution becomes available (Notice of the proposed rule making regarding the storage and disposal of nuclear waste (44 FR 61373, Oct.
25, 1979)). If that were the issue in our case then the Board could not consider it as the Commission has decided that that issue should not be
'addressed in an individual license proceeding..
The Board is not being asked to consider the environmental impacts that are associated with the storage of LLW after the expiration of the operating license.
The Intervenor asks that the Board consider th environmental impact that will be associated with the on site storage of low level waste in 1981 and the balance of the life of the plant.
The term "on site" storage is significant because Florida in an agreement
State.
(See Article II of Agreement between the State of Florida and NRC.)
"On Site" storage vests jurisdiction in the NRC and this Board (See Letter attached dated March 31, 1981.)
CONCLUSION i
The Intervenor has couched the action he feels the Board should take in alternative positions.
He is not privy to.the Licensee's plans concerning the waste issue and will not have any information until June 15, 1981.
The decision this Board makes concerning radioactive waste disposal will effect Dade County and the State of Florida for generations.
Any one or more of the positions may be applicable after the licensee's plans are revealed.
The Intervenor should be given the oppor-tunity to pursue discovery after the Licensee files their documents on June 15, 1981.
The discovery cut-off did not comtemplate this additional issue.
A public hearing should be held.
Public debate is the only manner in which these vital decisions can be fully aired.
DATED this the ~I@
day of June, 1981.
LAW OFFICES OF NEIL CHONIN, P.A.
Attorneys for Intervenor Suite 1400 Amerifirst Bldg.
One S.
E.
3rd Avenue Miami, Florida 33131 Telephone:
377-3023 By eel C onion
r I5vc. i+m 4600.l
. f6->9) tLeprnces Porto r c.A-F-203 tJ.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NOTICE OF GRANT AVSARCJ Under authority of Publr'c Law 95-224 and svbf'ecr ro penin nt kgr's.'ation, reriufations and policies applicaolc ro fc relepirJer ae proflrens Il J.
Federal Grant 5 Cooperati ve Agreement Act, of 1977 41 U.S C
501 et sea I
- 1. PROGRAM TITLE /Cire rpeCrTJC prOgrarrI title/
In-State Storage o
Low Level Radioactive Waste
- 2. G RAHTE E ffJeme, eddrca, ZJP codcl State of Florida Dept. of Health 8 Rehabilitative Services.
1317 Winewood Blvd., Ta'llahassee, Fi 32301 TELEPHONE-904-487-1004
- 7. COHGRESSIONAI. OIS'rAICT II
~
2, G RANT SeO, DE-F607-80 IDl 2149
- e. AMEHOMEHTNO,
- 9. TYPE OF GRANT AWARD
)a.III'.
Revision
- 5. BUOGET PERIoo F oms Da te of Award Th.vr 9-30-80 6: TOT*I PROGRAM PERIOD Fro: Date of Award Tnr I
7-1-81 B. STATE, CITY, COUNTY Florida, Tallahassee, Leln I b. Continuation Ic. Renewal
- e. Supplement 10, NAME OF GRANTEE PROJECT, DIRECTOR Ulra Clark 11, ADDRESS OF GRANTEE I'ROJECT OIRECTOR San.e as Block 2
- 12. GRANTEE TYP Q
STATE Q LOCAL GOVERHMElvT Q NONPROF IT Q
OTHFR ALITHORIZEDGRANTEE 1aa. APPROPRIATION SYMBOL 89X0220. 91
- b. 8 ra R Number
,820201007 14,ALLOTMrNT SYMBOLJFUND CLASS
'.D-00-91Jf250 15a. EMPLOYER I.D.NUMBER 1596001874
- b. Vendor Code
~
s 35 000.00
- 16. AWARD COMPUTATION (Ferferer fvndr onryJ
- a. Amount awarded prior budget periods S b. Amount previously awarded currant.
budget period s c.,current fiscal year funds, this amard
- d. Total amount awarded for program period 59,862.00 1r ~ CURRENT BUOGFT P'6 RIOO INFORMATION a, F vdarai sharc of approved budget S
'b. Non Fcdcral share of approved budget s
- c. Tual approved budget s
~ =P
- 18. This p nt award, consl"!ng of Pa.. I-Budget Plan and Part lIZonditions, attached hereto, willbe administered In accordanct with the following docutnentt which a:e hereby Incorporated by reference:
- a. Gzantapplicationdated April 21, 1980 Es negotiated.
b; Pro~m guidelines app1icable to thh grant:
PVtfc)
HOne (Da Je)
- c. DOt= Assistanc" Regulations, 10 CFR 2-600, as an:ended, subparts A Sc. 8
- d. Othe."documents asapp!icable OMB Circular A-162 and Federal Management Circular (FMC 74-4f
- 19. SPECI AI. CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS GRANT AWARD Part III, General Provisions, is attached and made a part'f" th) s Grant'.
'O..RE MAR KS:
~
~
ISyoer
- i. of authorized pre
~
Sta z 'D3.recz -
ca~in Pzcsclz AWARDING OFFICER 5Yfzce 2LQ.~Cae ~~oe g~ g f I
f7irfe of aurhorizedsiffning office'aJJ HAIJIE OF GRANTEE ORGANIZATION State of Florida Dept. of Health 5 Rehabilitative Services 1317 Winewood 8lvd.
Tallahassee,
.Florida 32301
- 22. AWA ROE~
ar /7 (Si'gna rureJ f7frfeJ Grants Officerlit e
~ r (De raJ
{Dat
~
PROPOSAL State of Florida
. Headquarters Health and. Rehabi3.itative Serivces Tallahassee, Florica for
- a. stucy of IN-ST'Z STOiQC:-
OF LQN-L=W:.L R'iDIOACTIXr. HASTE
~
~
By
~
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Departnent of Enviro'nmental =-ngineering Sciences University of Florida Gainesville, Florida February 21, 1980
In State Sto ape of Lou-}.evel % 'oactive tiastes Proposal Outline by Depa tment of Environmental engineering Sci.ences P incipal Investigator:
M. Emmett Bolch Co-Investigator:
Cha les';
Boessler 110 A. P. 33.ack Hall, Un'vers'ty of Florida Cainesville, Florida 3263.3.
(90C) 392-0836 or (904) 392-0842 XNTAODUCTION It is beco.-..-.ing inc"easingly evident "'".at.a plan fo storing loM-level
{
~
- 3) in the State of:lor'ca, in lieu of out-of state radioactive iastes
{
~) in
- storage, may be
-eaux, e
e u
d The purpose o" th's proposal is to e'stablish a-
~
~
~
frame~os upon vh' a "soun h'
d low-3.evel radioactive waste storage policy can b based.
The F3.orida Department of Health and ¹habilitative Services has been assigned the lead in deve3oping this.plan =or the State of F}orxda'The basic 24 nm-nths obgectxve o
i f th s proposal is to orovide hRS N'th approx ate3.y 24 mm-monks A
exoertise and consulting on th's subject.
An ex~ected product s a complete
~
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written record o
a inpu s, co d
ll ts coosideraticns alternatives and cr~teu.a used the development of e
a e s f th S" te's plan.
The final document should provide the cornerstone upon ~ xc egis a 'v h'
1 i
1 ti e and/or re"ulatory act@on can be based.
~ '
-.r -~ =D R=SZARCH t
cies on fragments and spectra
'd f data sources and stuccoes on There is a my ai o
nhases o
the LLRH problem.
The agency an d has. o fared technical
~
t
~
er'gy is the lead Federal Department o
Znergy he majo LLFit generators of the assistance.
i e
~ ess to ass'st
'n solving this problem.
The state have indicated a willingness to ass'st n so v'e the f3.ow o infomation, sort and ro'ect w'll be expected' cent alize e
o ta.on.
Dr. Bolch zs
- c. aim an of the University o
=3.orida's Ad hoc Committee on.
A A
P 3
te summaries app xc l
ab3.e to Florida's unique separate the inputs, and gene a
e sumrn situa
-l 1 Radioact ve Vas e Y~nagemen Campus Low-eve That coamit ee along with the a" e stu ends
" c
" in Radioact=ye Vaste ch's winter class o
. gradua began e an to wv g
Control Committee and prxnczpa Cont"o omm'i al investi-cha'rman o
- t. e n'
'ont"o omm f
4 U 've sity's Radiation Cont"o omm'socia"ed with in with the radiation hazards as gator o
sev
~ sever'al studies dea3.ing wx hei o
D. Bol p
Roessle is late Dace;,her, 3.979.
Dr.
es 5.
a e De c=~pus problem zn ate w
~
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phosphate mining in P3.orxda.
OBHCTIV S
~ 1
'.tec th nine fundamenia tasks Th The: specxzzc o
'-'ectives can be assoc're s fo3.3.ows:
Thxs document wx3.1 bass,cally o ica3.
TASK 3. is to d ve op a l
a background domumen d
Xt wall include a hast r identi y and interpret the problem at haa sis of LLRt9 generation in
'cent) as we3.1 as an analysxs o~
pe "spec" ive (past and 'cent as sos o~
a,n oo es of discontinued and oossib3.e conseauences o
Florida (p esent and future) an po "pote~txa3.ly, chemic y
'ct but workable guide be reduced by, publishing stric of the initia3. volume may be reduce 4
generation.
~ e tion of initi de ree to wh'ch the actual generation o
in'~
ASK 2 as to consider the g
llecticn and disposal system The radioactive waste co ec volumes can be reduced.
T e ra II
~I ther -"oe mininus ch-a
~
able volumes o
ex~N "ch-all for const er his torical3 y be en a ca hach-a stes Thus
< so.
11X" contaminated eas~
al3. " or "biologxca
s" need to be carefully re-examined.
Cex i- - the genexator.
On-site "releases nee a
need to be discontinued, either pcducts, procedures, and techn aues may n tempox'arily or permanently.I and waste treatment options TASK 3 is to revie~ the cu xent processing an at the site of gene=ation and avail&le.
This xeview is intended to start a
ctive waste.
Options withi continue roug a
th h
- 13. phases of the low-3.eve3. raaioac i a ed.
Commercial options wil3. be each generator faci3.ity vill be investxga e.
'I to f'~a.l depositi'on.
Every volume reviewed from pick-,up to reprocessang o
advanta es and disacvangates.
1"
"'ve w'll be listed'along w'th a van g
a reduct on a~terna~iv 1'
between stage, genera o=s and TMK 4'.s to ceve op a cooperative
-a scn 1
"be completion of the other tasks h.'s ask is essent'a.
o pedera agencies.
an as suc efofrt'.'ne major goal will b to and.as such vill xep esent a continuing exoxrt'.
e to faci3.itate data ex t
leaxing'house which wi3.1 serv
'"ganiz.'e an information c ea b'e ween the agencies'-and generators.,
p an o
LLM.
This segment of the study K "5 is to develop a state plan o
i.e o"
ossible solutions to the prospec esse."."'
y s 11 se~e as a 'genera1 overview o" poss' o~cs;
.'.-." insic to the evolution of a s Ha,<or facvors, such as economics;,
.-." insic
\\
table for solutions wil3. be prese an "illbe revie"ed.
In addition,
- a. tame
~
~
~
s fox intexim emergencies.
ASK 6 is to deve3.op specific s ra~eg e
le volu~ reEuctxon, for ea genexating faci
". =.-==ary measures, for eo:amp e, vo it to each generator so 13, s an assignment ox priori 1 be proposed as we a
d t' of LL~ may be cu tai3.ed.
'=
.". "essary some production o
and to characterize available sx sites i:n coopera ion with 4
th state o
ASK 7 'is to develop an inventory o~
A se.arch for possib3.e
~
~
'es storages.
ites w'l then be evaluated accor 'dn to will be conducted; the rates w'a"=--.etexs developed for that purpose.
4
t d velop specifications fo" the physical facility.
Feasibility SK S is to eve op s c
44t s -o" modification o" eyisting facilities o" "h const uction of ne~
- 0 mo 1
a.
cili"'es vill be made.
Soeci ications for the a'cility and accompany ng facilities and operations vill be prescribed."
TASK 9 xs to eve op an economi 9
t d
1 p an economic scenar'o..he task ~il'1 involve detailing the economics of the LLR4 sto"age program, and ~ill esult zn a syn~ieszs o
physical site costs, program ad;~nistra ion, fee s ~edul g p
>ed les unative fines and an escrow or trust fund A final obgectxve vx e
~o b
h~ "
integrate the in=ormation obtained from each task -nto a,
Lhasa storage plan upon ~hich state policy may he he implemented.
~
~
~
~
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0
Qg4 n
Federal In!efoctice ln'.er s!a'.e Qf~
GeMfa iofs lnforma tion Gearing House Other
'Ros'.ric-Sta Ies'lions'tBofn Sot uijons well,etc.
Locolion ass:foal Qua nlily Costs Utility Rons ond CQAliAQeA.
cies Genero-Conse-tice ofLl cuwces d RViiin "i~!i.
orido 4
. ERATIV" LIASOiN 'EIE-QN PiF FEO. AOI'Cic Plans ot Othor Gener cling CO6litio Non-Rod.
Ylosles Segregalio.
assisi Criteria On Sit e Relecse Produc',s Techniques Pfocedufes Hislof.ical Baseline l
o DOCL 2
WASTc G REDUCTION
..egula hans 8
Recent
~ eto-pmo n Univ.
Research Hcsw.
th&icat, elc.
H clear Power Plants fol
? es!ricif IMmwell cr O:hef Tfons-Time-
- totior, loble for Iernaliv Solutions C,'PoiOQ Services 3 li~
- e. CFflDN-",
5 ST"lc PL"N lg!V LEVB
.'v'GT Al'I. to Out of S~.
Tron~
em/of ofy Store e
l cng Term SIoro Rciccolion Poc3co Qing Tfa~t.
Out of Sl ale P;ocess.
General
'E~ri General Sile Criteria Gen fol Focility Crilerio Eccnofn'Ic S-enerio Coparty nv ni v
4~r Se" fega lian 4 Facility iero
~
of Genera iAIc,GIES
'~ OII
.~R IN:-R::Al ~
E.ii'cRGB4-vgo ticricfclt S.'o ie i 7
IhV=h!TORY SO'MMie Vl ighi-ag Para-meters fcr County by County eafc Utility Site Studies Leaol Conslroint.
Volume Reduction ofafcny in cinerator In!efIOCi!ity Tronsfer cJlgin eflnQ ical Economic location Enviofnrrent Es=~
or Trusl Fund Time Frcme Hondling struci or V itic c +j Cop ocily Sloroge Erpansian fons~ t.
Conloiners 9
I.'anitcring FCO~MttC SCENIC R10 PHYS)CAL FACIUTY SPECIF! CALM Accessory Fcc ilities Program Physicol Fee Adminis-Sil e Sc¹du'le lrotion Costs FtÃAL PMM FOR LLHV S!IRC&
Adjun-l Fccilitie s.
Oper otions Securil y AirOuoti y Grc und va.e Prepc falioi Co"static n Eorrs r Handling Oper.t.taint.
Ux~gtefmSecurity
~ ~r
o
Gefv ra(Of s lnforma lion Gearing House Locolion "lassie'os1 s
Ulili1y Plons ond Contingen-cies Ouonlily Genera-Conse-tion of LL
. ~s af RW in
'~t'orido'n.'-TMI
( clRosii ic 1 lonstBcffl well,etc.
T 4
. ELoTIV" LtASGN B=-
ATOrtS FED AN."'C=
Other Sta! es Sotutbns Plans ot Olher
~rating
~nntitie Non-Rod.
hlostes
~rogation assisi Criterio
. On Sit e Relecse Products Techniques Procedures Historical Boselin I
G-KU KICK VEh~(
2 WASTr G Rc. DUCTION
~u(lotions 8
Recenl (etop-moni Univ.
Reseorch vQfnme(( c Services Has~.
Nucleor M~~icot, Power etc.
Plant s 3
I al P. est fic(I1 from ell cr O:hef Trons-Tirne-tolior loble for lernoliv olutions 5
All. to S(ATE P~N Out of St..
Transport iempor afy Store e
Lcng Term Stora e
Cut of Poc'raging, Stole
(=,ocess.
Genefal
~cm Gen rol Sil e Crilerio Genefol Focili ty Crlleno Rei"-olion Econontc S-enerio ierore of Ger(era-ol'cpoc(t y
1 vn(
v 5 ( 6~1 cai
- VERG"Mm 4
Sat. To
~nofo')r(g S:rection "pgc'ionof c'l Stoa e
~eral lNV"NTORY aCYCJ Mie.
XPt'RiPS Vl>>gh'i-r(g Para-meters fa'&t'ounty by County ccrc Utility Silo Studies f
~
~.
(,(efo(~ in Cons', roint.
n fo1or Eng(n erlng Lacolion Votu
~ (e RedJction n ortopt(ty ironsfer ical Fconomic Envbmrrsnt Es-m or Trust Fund Time From'e Handling struq.
or P'tic C gi Cop ocily Erponsion Storage ranspor t.
Contain%5 a
9 l 'bn(tcring ECGA&tlC 5"ENc.RIO Program Physicol Fee Adminis-Sit e Schodule frolion Cos1 s FINAL PLASM FOR LLF.'(tf S irt PHYSlCAL FACtLtTY SPECt RCAlKN Accessory Fccilities Adjun=i Fccilities.
Oper olions Security "irQuo'li Gr 'Jn" ice P;cpa fat(of(
Oper l 'oinl Co,"stfu"!ion Lsxg lefmSecurity Eafrr Hond'ling v v v
~+r A.
Principal Investigator Dr H. Emmett Bolch will be responsible for overall supervision and organi ation of the project, liaison with HAS and compilatzon ox all repo ts.
3.
Faculty L".vesti atox's Dx. Charles
. Roessler wall superv'se g
a u'
-aduate
.stucents and provide editor' assistance.
A th'rd acuity y
4 ~
c ma be su ooxted in an p
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a=ca of neede" ewer ise.
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Students l
na er The ot e
One g'raduate student will se~e as project, manager.
The othe th I'
f ~
dc -"ee o competence in areas needed students will be.selectec d'or a c g"ee for accoIImplishment of tasks.
D.
Stt r Othe= staf" needs I
'ncludc='pa"t-mme, undergraduate ass stu
~
and secretaria1 help.
O~iS esponsible fox'ubmitt'ng a.format compatible with the The Principal Investigat~
.w
~~3 be ed re orts and special eports xn reouxr p
are scheduled on the tine-1'eeds for Hi5.. The anticipated reports a"e sc e
figure ~
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LXAZSOiV The main line of cor;.munication and interaction will between the Principal Investigator, Dr. Bolch,, and Mr. Ulray Clark of HRS.
Other exchange of information, ideas and'uggestions between various investiga and other HBS personnel is encou aged; however, Hr. Clark and Dr. Bolch should be in orated of such communication
\\~
.it: ".
~ '
BUDG T The b eaicdown of salaries among professors, staff and graduate studen s is an esti;.ate oz optimal cis-r bution of pe sonnel required achieve'the assigned tasks.
The princ'-al 'investigator may chanc e t'ai dist=ibution as dictated by available =ersonnel and thei professional qualifications.
Monies may not be t ans e red be ween categories (Sala=ies,
=cu'pment, Z~enses,
- Travel, and Indirect Charges) without writ en approval o
a representative o
HRS.
~
~ TM FQ~
Zve~ effort will.be madj, to co=ole e the various phases of this 0
project as soon as possible.
The attached figure is a proposed tisane l with scheduled repoa far.41+4 g".ant tagks.
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BUDGET iHZLbs l.lO'A>AS A.
Sa.1 aries l.
2.
3.
6 ~
5.
6.
7.
P.Z.,
M. Emmett Bolch C P.X., Charles
=. rassler BA Faculty Secreta ial Graduate Assistants Hou=ly Zr.".ployees Fringe Bene 'ts ".
qg>
A 20%
12.5X
~,
8%
50'-3./3, 2-1/2 f,Lg p.~, g co SUB OTAL
$ 7,000 4, 300 2, 800 4,500 29,500 2o300
$ 54,150 B.
='uioment
=-ile Cabinet, C 'e, Drafting, etc.
300 C.
E>~ens es o
Office, xercx, elephone,'omputer
'print'ng reprints, books, etc.
Travel:, Tallahassee, Xn-state and out-of-s ate meetings upon recommendation o
HRS'OTAL~
DZR-CT COSTS
$ 2,500 3,800
$ 6,300
$60o750
',.D.
Xndi ect Costs 15%* of items,A,= B,'n8 C as negotiated w"th state E
agency.
S 9'12 TOTAL KQUDTFD
$ 69,'862
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F(
h DRh><
I qft(>
P((u(lL-j
Professor Environmental'ngineering Science~
<< ~sville, 904/39 2-08 36 5.e..
C.>~
c ~:
..--gp;l"t RECORD t
r ~ re of Birth:
October 27, 1936
- ~ rital Status
Harried Lenoir, North Caro Two Place o, Birth:
Children:
SCHOLASTIC TRAI<'tING 1959 University of Texas, Austin, TX; 'Bachelor of Science in Civil Eng 1964 University of Texas, Austin, TX; t'<aster of Science in-Environment Engineering University of Cali'fornia, Berkeley, CA; Doctor of Philosophy, Haj
- Engineer, Minors; Radiological Health, Chemistry-chemical enginee SOCI ETI ES AND ORGA.")12ATIONS American Nuclear Soci'ety; American Public f:aalth Association; Chi.Epsilon; Conf Radiological Health; Florida Chapter of the Health Physics Society; Florida Cha.
American Huclear Society; 'Health Physics Society; Interna'tonal Radiation Prote Association; Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, Omicron Delta Kappa A'<'ARDS C1TATIOMS AND BIOGPAPHICAL HANUALS EXPERIENCE 1939-62 First Lt., Sanitary and Industrial Hygiene Engineer, U.S.A.F. Aerospac
- Lackland, TX.
1956-70
. Assistant Professor, University of Florida 1970-77 Associate Pro<essor, University of Florida 1972-Associate Professor.,
University of Florida {Courtesy, Dept. of Nuclear 1973-Consultant, Florida Power Corporation, St.
Petersburg, Florida'974-
Consultant, Tennessee Yalley Authority; Chattanooga, TH 1975-76 Consultant, P"C-"O-Environmental, Inc:, Cincinnati, OH 1977-Consultant, Nucle=-r Safety.Associates,'ethesda, Yary]and 1977-
-Full Professor, University of Florid'merican tlen of Science, 1969; Who's Who in the South and Southwest, 1969 FIELDS OF 1NTEREST
- Radiation protection, radiotracer techniques, industrial and radioactive waste
"'nvironmental surveillance and radioecology.
PUBLICATIONS Honographs:
Author-one chapter, Co-author-one chapter Referred Pub'lications:
'17, Examples:
Health Physics, Bioscience, J. Banit.
Div. ASCE, Anal. Chem.,
Environ. Res., Arer. J. Publ.'Health and Hat R Environ.
111.
Other Papers:
42, Examples:
Proceedings
=of Health Physics Society Yidyear Contract Reports to Florida Power Corporation,,Contract Reports to EPA, Contract Reports to Florida Phosphate Council.
Presentations not Published in Proceedings:
22, Examples:
Health Physics S
Annual Y<eeti'ngs, American Nuclear Society Annual Heetings, and State th of Local
'AHS or HPS Chapters.
Consulting Reports:
20, Examples:
Environmental Impact Statements, Radiolc Assessments and Radioanalytical Results of Interpretation.
Environmcnta i 904/392-0836
-rgRD.
\\
Place of Dirth:
- Elysian, LeSueur County, Hinn.,
USS Children:
. Seven AB hla>>kato State Colle ~c, hfankato, Minnesota (Bio)ogy, Chemistry) 1955 hlS Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y. (Radiat. Biol.) 1956 (AEC Rad.
Physics Fellc MPH Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Occup. Healtn) 1959 (AEC Ind,. Hygiene Fellc PhD Univ. of Florida, Gai>>csville, FL (Environ. Engr.)
1967 (USPHS Rad. Health TraiT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE June Sept.
July Sept.
July July 1956 1956 1959 1967 1972 1973
- Aug.
1956
- Aug.
1958
- Jan.
1965
- June l972
- June 1973 AEC Radiological Physics Fellow, Brookhaven National Lab.
Health Physicist, Res. Div., Curtiss-lsright Corp.
Radiologic 1 Physicist, Fla. State 'Board of Health (FSBH)
Assist. Pro, Radiation Biophysics, Dept. of Radiology, Unii Assist.
P of., Dept. of =nv'"on. Engr. Sci., Univ. of Florid'ssoc.
P of., Dept. of Envi=on. Engr. Sciences, Univ. or Floe PROFESSION'AL 6 SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS llealth Phys'cs Soc.'Cha"ter Member, -Bd. of Directo=s 1974-1977);
Fla..Chapt".r,
-Heal'oc.
(Charter hlember, Pr s. '969);
Am. Public H al:h Assoc.;
Am. Assoc. for the Adva>
Science; Am. Ind. Hygiene Assoc.; Fla. Sect.,
Am. Ind. Hygiene Assoc.;
Am. Conf. of
(
\\
Incrust. Ilygienists; Soc.
o the Sigma Xi.-
Ab'ARDS, CITATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL hlVKALS t
Certified by the Am. Bd. of 'Health Physics, 1961;'Hember of Am. Bd. of Health Physic An. bien 4 Nomen of Science;
@ho's Who in the Sooth and Southeast; Personalities of t I IELDS OF 'NTERFST.
Health Phys'cs; Fnv'ronmc>>ta'adiation,'atural Rad'oactivity; Radiological Techni Instrumentation; Occupat ona'ealth.
~
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
'C; E. Roessler, G. S.
Roessler.,
'and B. G. -'Dunavant,
'Unusual Benavior of Cesium. in Florida Biosphere," Jour.,
Fla.
Academy of Sciences,
~2, March 1969, No. 1, 1-'ll.
C. 'E. Roessle",N.
E. Bolch, J..
G~~
le an N.
B. Johnson, Jr.,
"A Utility-Sp'onso
~
Environmental Surveillance and Radioecological Research Program for a Coastal hu
'-Poi:er Planq" A. J.
Pub. Health, 62, 'Oct.
- 1972, No. 10, pp.
1379-1386.
C.
E. Roessler, D.
G. Price and D. S. Spencer, "A Hospi-al Plan for Emergency Sand Radiation Accident Cases,"
Health Physics in the Healin 'Arts,* (Symposium Procee DH."<<.4'ublication (FDA) 73-8029, pp..517-527, hlarch 1973.
C.
E. Roessler, li'.-'E. Bolch,'r.
and C. Groome, "Urzn um and Radium-226 in the Lit Enviroment of Florida Phosphate Regions."
Natural.Radioactivity in hlan's En (Proceedinps, Tenth hlidyear Topical Symposium, Health Physics Society, Oct. l E. lloesslcr, B. G. Du>>avant, and T.
R. 'Turk, "An Occupational Health and Safet for a Major University," J. of Chem. Ed.,
54, Page A77, Feb.
1977.
C.
E. Roessler, R.
Kaut~,. 4'.
E. Bolch, Jr., anW.
A. Yethington, Jr., !'he Effec and Land Reclamation on the Radiological. Characteristics of the Terrestrial of Florida's.Phosphate Region."
The Natural Radiat.
Environ: III, (S>-posiu.,
0
UliSOT.IC XT;D PROPOS.I SUI~! IITTED TO TIIE DEPARTl!"'I"T O.-
Eh'ERGX FLORIDA DEPARTHE".T 0" 1:EALTii 2QiD REHABILITATIVES" RVICES RADXOLOGICAL HE<;L H SERVICES 1309 Nines"ocQ Boule:varc'.,'uilding 6
Tallahassee, Florica 32301 PURPOSE:
A STUDY BY THE UliXVERSXTY Oi': LORIDA UHDER CONTRACT !CXTH PROPOSER TO PREPARE A COHTXii -EaXCX PLAti FOR "IIPTERIH" LO'i LEVEL RADIGACTIVI". 1'!ASTE (L~~")
- STQPNQE, X.E. i TEhPOK~PZ STORAGE OF LL" TI1AT EXCEED
."'= DISPOSAL LIMITS OF EZISTIHG FACXLXTI "S i UNTIL SUCH TXJ E:.HAT i'DDITIONALREGIONAL FACILITY FOR DISPOSAL OF
.=.LF;
) ASTES XS ESTABLISHED.
"PROPOSED DURATION:
"'"LX" (12)
HONTHS
)4iGUli" "i'QUESTED '
69 g 7l3 00 Ri"i<UL'ST"'D S iARTIUG DATE:
JULY 1, 1980
" STATE GOVERN<'. IEI"T AGENCY
~'RIllCXP~<L Xi~VESTXG?-TOR:
I BUSINESS CONTACT:
ULRAY C.'T."
R'DI JINIST: =.
OR (
PADXOLOGICAL HEALTH SERVICES (90')
~ e7-3.0~ C CHRXS 1!GORE GRANTS '¹r.GE!.ZHT (90<)
~88-9C90 D7F~E OF SU13c! ISSION:
APRIL 1, 19 SO
't OThER FEDERAL, STATE OR LOCAL GOVERHIIE';iT AGENCIES TO NHXCH THIS PROPOSAL HAS BEEN SUBIQTTED. AND/OR THOS:"
FUNDING THE PROPOSED EFl OR:
1901iI'HIS PROPOSAL I'AY BE SUBJECTED TO EX EK AL REVXEh'.
S XGHATURE. 0!." PRIHC 'PEAL l.'VESTIGATOR ULIU' CLARK t
ADI1XH XSTRTs TOR RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH SERVICES SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED OFFICER OLIVER H.
BOORDE DIR:"CTOR CE:iTRAL OPERATIONS SERVICES DATE:
D.
~ hl, ~ ~
UNX%'ERSITY OF FLORXDA FOR A CO?7TX?'1GE?4CY PIA?57 OF LOW LEV.":L )Z<DXO.5CTXVE W?5ST)'URPOSE ZiND SCOPE:
The attached is an unsolicited proposal for tha preparation of an in-depth study by the University of Florida of Xn-Stn storage of Low Level P. Qioactiva Waste under contract with. proposer.
study will include a plan for "interim" low level radioactive waste (LI storage, i.a.,
temporaxy storage of LLW t:hat e>:caads the disposal limit of existing facilities, until such time that an additional regiona3.
fac for disposal of these wastes is established.
B?55CYiGROUND X )FOF<3TXON:
The avents of the past several months x egardir
,thc closing of two ox the three LLW disoo al sites and the volume restx tions placed upon the major site serving Florida have precipit;ated a
>>~,
- '1
>>y>>
f h.
..Xnabilitv to dispose o
nuclear waste materials threatens to negate thc benefits av xla e to '.i.e ol c from ~na use ox nuc. aar technology.'c have these banef it" been more avide,.t than zn the mal o
nuc ear medicine and rasea"ch, Countless lives have been saved's a result of valuable.contribution hat radiopharmaceuticals have m Qe toward improve diagnostic and tharape: tic procedures.
Also of great significance, is the substantial part being p3.ayed by nuc~r power, electrical genaratir stations in suoplying about 20."o of the electrical needs. of Florida.
Nuclear power reactors oroduce the qreatast bul)c of LLW generated
'n Florida.
This waste consists of spent resins, filter sluctges, evapora bottoms and dry waste, such as 'contaminated clothing, paper ar.d tools.
Waste produced by m c'."'cal and academ>>ic research facilities is composed of contaminated protective clothing, paper, equipment, and animals sacrificed after beinc: injac cd with radioactive materials.
Xndustria LLW,, in addition. to c"ntaminat:ad materia3.s previous3.y mentioned, irclu le t-ovar scrap mater'al from manu acturing and m'ining recovery'opera" Xn most cases, LLW or nuclear waste; must.,at present, be disposed'o burial A
<acilitias licensed by tie
-aiba 5
- Nevada, Washington, arid South Carolina.
Xn Ju3~1979, tha Govarnore of the three States notified tha Nuclear Regulatory Co~mission
{?'RC) of t:he sex ious and repeated Qisra ara, for rules govarnino the shiom5ants of LLW to tha burial facilitias.
Last
- October, the Washington and NevaQa LL4 facilities were t:amporarily cl by tha Governors of those, State" in response to a series of such. inci Both-have reopened, but are thrceataned to be clo ad again if problems continua.
Xn.addition, the State o
South Carolina has dccic)ed to im vo3umc restrictions on all shiom.
arnwell sita.
South Car currently leases t:he Barnwell dispos 1 sita to Chem-Nuclear, Inc.
Chem-Nuclear was c.viscd by South Carolina that thc.y must reduce ann shipments to tha>>facility 50-by 1981.
T)>a shipmc.nts accepted were zcducaQ from 200,000 to 189,000 cubic fact per month in November 197 will be reduced to 100,000 cubic feet per month by. December 3.981.
pi rcantaga 5
of reduction may no be 3pplied equally d'or each state.
It is not c ear w 1el8 01 XQa ran 1n 1s 1 egc'M
~
In February
- 1980, the Department of Jfeal" h anQ Rehabilitative Se1V1ces 3.earned that the Todd Shi obuildi"ig Company in Texas had stopped recei vina shiimnents of LL'.;
=.o. storage.
Tn1s has ad ec o
0 ia problem since it is ertim. tod that some 6,000 to 17.,000 cubic feet per year had been s!s'"o d to Todd from Florida.
Severa of our.major un1versztzes w1x nave o s ore i on c i
s until other arrangements are made.
The attached tables give a description of the total LLN generated in Florida.
In regards to capability of Florida Lice",.sees to meet South Carolina's
'volume reduction recu'ements, Florida's four opera"ing nuclear power reactors produce about 70~ of the LL':: genera ed in Florida.
Both companie opera"i>>g reactors are co..".-acc1ng the present time have reduced volume as far as possible.
-0 The Florida Power and Light Company
(=><<L), the operator of three reactors p oduces apploxlmately 3,500 c'c feet per month and has a 1,700 cubic foot allotment at Barnvell or Februar
. 'PGL is curren-'lv matrnc a
s
- dv of their Ll'.; a.-" nas reported that evan
'f e i do store on site '>>ill not i:=-ve a stora e ca acity in exce s of l8 months.
h s>>>>s L"lorzaa x'ower Co porei~vn '(rrCr qc)lc'l es alJvul 3 f 0 of LLN per month;rhen not i.n an, outage.
Outages produce abou~
4,500 cubic feet.per,month.
The FPC Barn ell allotment is 1,400 cubic,feet for Februarv.
FPC reports that they can store in two loca"ions inside the plant and just ou side the plant fence.
The
.company has plan ready for construction of a building to store their LLY.
Contracts with Flo"da lledical Licensees have indicated that, in gene larger hospitals have the abi3.ity to s're lour level radioactive wast (LLN) on site for per'ods ranging from one month to twelve months.
Since the radioisotope of choice in the majority of diagnostic procedures is technetium 99m, which has a half-life. of.six hours, the bulk of LLY. can be decayed and dispose" of as non-radioactive trash.
The majority of the smaller hospita's have difficulty in storing L 4-Informants have stated that the.waste sto:age situation in the t1iami area has weached a critical state.
Fl hough hospitals and clinics are now making efforts to reduce volu.-.ie, storage room is 1imii ed.
The majority of Florida's universities have used Bad Servi.ces, Inc.
as their agent for disposa3. of LLh'.
T;ad Services shipped the materi" to Todd
)iipyard in Texas wh re it remained in storage.
In mid Febr Todd announced that it would no longer "ccept LLtl for storage and on Febru rg 28, Bad Service reported to the Department of tiealth and Rehabilitative Services that they c;ould >>o longer. handle LLN of a>>y 3:ind.
Si.nce Universities had not been usi.>>g 'the Barn'yell burial site<
they did>>ot receive an allotment a>>d at thc present time must ship (2)
~
the Ifanford, Hashington, or'he Beatty,
- Nevada, sate.
ive d'al method would force the universities 1
Th tie t
1 research using'adioactive m tcrl.a s.to do so as long are now storing L~N n camou anc. can con inue 4
as space zs avai a
e.
'1 bl hey do not consider this method of storage desirable.
Tn ustrl.a d
LLN accounts for about 15% of the total waste genera e
in t d in Florida.
These wastes are generally o
g Industrial half-life but, can be stored on company property.
Xn users have not expressed any immediate waste storage problems.
'CO?vCLUSXON:
The Florida Department o* Health a
1.h and Rehabilitati.ve S
.vices has been assigned the lcac agency role for developing 1
61.
.a state plan for LLN emergency and iempoxary i ag stora e and disposa d 'hat the Department contract with the Department Xt is propose
- t. a e
e of FloriQaI f E
~ 'ronmental
=-naineering
- Sciences, Unl.versi -y o to conduct a study consisting o* nxne eadem n
1) 2)
3) 4)
5) 6)
7) e)
9)
Bac):ground document
~
~
~
~
Analysis of the Qegree to which generation of xnxtial volumes o
LLH can be reduced ent processipc a..Q waste treatment optl,ons A revl.ew oi curren p
a.~
c...
Pro oco or 1
+
- liaison bet~!eon generators and Feoera again and di s osal Comprehensive State Plan for Lh'torage an i~p
~
~
~
r Speci. f*v, st.J. ave jies ivi circ.~ >~is~~<<
Xnventorv'f available sites Physical speci ications for interim storage facilitl.es Economic scena io A final objective of the study is to prov de a sound bas~s for promulgation o=
a State policy on LP,.
Total Lo~ I evel Radioactive Haste Generated HitIin 'e State o
=lorica (Percentages bv Source) lledical.=.Bcilities a..d t'n" vers'3.z~ es.
18%
18 CQIL-Berclal Po.der Reactor Nastes
.68-o Industrial Nastes 14-o 4 ~
4'Bste co~i.
Spent res',
=' ter
-sludces, and evap-cra"or bottoms 47,033 2
p 563
~ ~
Avii 4 ~~~~~ V C-i ~i ra J
VV4~4V 4 VU
~.-as, e
anG con-=~-
~
inated equipment 45,091 477 Irrad~ ai ed coH!-
ponents 883
,38,200 Tota1 93, 007 41'q0 Corimercial Po"er Peacto= Hastes cubic tee-'/v 71 C
Aware
~ p 5.26 years 243.7 days
- 2. 06 years 30.2 years 32. 53 days
( No.
o
'Zns a 1 lations 3)
T$'pical Ra ionucl 'c'.es Half-Li e 51 Cr
- 27. 8 aays I~w'13 days r e 45 davs Cc
'60 Zp.
'5 134 Cs 13 days 136 137C l40BB 1 2. 8 days 141 "ec".cal Pacilit's
.-6 4
4 Uni~'e=sities (No. of installatio s 81) i'as e
0 cu&ic.
zalea t/ '-
c.
Typi cal PBc:. GnuclLces 3.,H 1
C 32'"'s 51 67G 99m Tcl25I 4 131 it alf Li-e 0
~iologlcal Scini ~'
aticn Vials Sol~G~fxed Bnc Absorbed Licuics Drv Pjloi 2,013 10'-'S7 1,660 9,887 24,046 8'0 6
37 cl 12.3 5730 14.3 86.7 27.8 years
~ +ar s days days GBys "59.7 8;1 dBys Gays
- 78. 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> 6.GG7 llours
0
FLOR 'A Tucus"=ia1 Nastes (I"o.
o=
'easees
!i/Z:)
cubic
- La"/v=
Es-=:wia~ec S~e e Tc"a.1
..19,209 To-'a1 Volume Gene a"eQ.'i bin S"a-e 136,261 C'v-l'
~Ul0 ivil Typic21 Red" o'3L'C13.c-es U 238 ZI 3
C 14 Pm 147
~ gQ S 9
4
>: 10" 12 3 yep
%~5,730 2.6 year v
~