ML17139A373
| ML17139A373 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Susquehanna  |
| Issue date: | 07/31/1981 |
| From: | RADIATION MANAGEMENT CORP. (RMC) |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML17139A374 | List: |
| References | |
| RMC-TR-81-02, RMC-TR-81-2, NUDOCS 8107310330 | |
| Download: ML17139A373 (125) | |
Text
RMC-TR-81-02 8107310330 810724 PDR ADOCK 05000387 "R
PDR SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC Sl Al ION RADIOLOGICAL ENYIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 1980 ANNUAL REPORT Prepared for Pennsylvania Power and Light Company Radiation Management Corporation JULY 1981
f'
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PROGRAM
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION PROGRAM Samp1e Co1'lection Data Interpretation Program Exceptions Program Changes RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Waterborne Pathway Airborne Pathway Ingestion Pathway Direct Radiation CONCLUS IONS REFERENCES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF APPENDICES 12 12 13 17 19 21 22 24 27 31
LIST OF TABLES NO.
1.
Synopsis of the Susquehanna SES Radiological Environmental f<onitoring Program - 1980 PAGE 35 LIST OF FIGURES NO.
2.
Average Concentrations of Tritium in Surface Water in the Vicinity of Susquehanna
- SES, 1973 through 1980 ---
Gross Beta Activity in Air Particulates in the Vicinity of Susquehanna SES Site, 1980 PAGE 36 37 3.
Average Ambient Radiation Levels in the Vicinity of Susquehanna
- SES, 1973 through 1980 38 LIST OF APPENDICES PAGE Appendix A Preoperational Environmental Radiological Moni-toring Program Annual Summary 39 Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Sample Designation Data Tables Synopsis of Analytical Procedures Results of the EPA Inter-Laboratory Comparison Program Site Specific Demographic Data 47 57 99 113 125
PROGRAM
SUMMARY
l
PROGRAM
SUMMARY
Since April 1972 Radiation Management Corporation (RMC) has conducted the Pre-operational Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) for Pennsyl vania Power and Light Company (PP8L) at the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (SES).
This report presents the analytical results for samples taken during 1980.
A total of 2175 analyses including direct radiation, surface water, well water, potable water, sediment, air particulates, air iodine, precipitation, milk, fish, food products,
- meat, game, vegetation and pasture grass were collected in 1980.
A variety of radionuclides, both naturally occurring and man-made, were detec-.
ted in the environs of the Susquehanna SES.
Naturally occurring radionuclides were found at levels expected for that environment.
The man-made radionuclides
- found, primarily in air particulates, precipitation and pasture
- grass, were the fission products typically found in nuclear weapons test fallout.
In particular, fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapons test by the People's Republic of China on October 15 was observed in samples collected during November and December.
The detection of this event indicates that the Susquehanna SES REMP is sensitive to fluctuations in the radiological characteristics of the environment around Susque-hanna SES.
I I
I
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION The Susquehanna SES will contain 2
BWR generating units, each with a capacity of about 1050 MWe.
Units 81 and 82 are scheduled for initial criticality in 1982 and 1983, respectively.
This site is located on a
1075 acre tract along the Susque-hanna River, five miles northeast of Berwick in Salem Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
The area surrounding the site can generally be characterized as rural, with forest and agricultural lands predominating.
More specific information on the dem-ography, hydrology, meteorology and land use characteristics of the local area may be found in the Environmental Report(l), the Safety Analysis Report(2) and the Draft Environmental Statement - O,L. (3) for Susquehanna SES.
RMC has previously reported results for the preoperational radiological environ-mental monitoring program (REMP) from 1972-1979 (4-11); the present document continues the series with coverage for 1980.
It presents in detail the type and number of sam-ples collected, the analyses performed and the data generated.
PROGRAM
I I
,I PROGRAM The preoperational REMP continued in 1980 and will continue unti1 initial critica-lity of Unit 91.
At that time the operational phase of the program will be instituted and continue thereafter.
The REMP was designed utilizing the guidance" in the Branch Technical Position to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 4.8, Rev.
1, Navember 1979 (12) and ORP/SID 72-2, Environmenta't Radioactivity Surveillance Guide (13).
The REMP was designed:
1.
To establish baseline radiological characteristics of the environs of Susquehanna SES for comparison with future data; 2.
To assure that media sampled and analyzed are sensitive to fluctuations in the radiological characteristics of the Susquehanna SES environs; and assure that the program will'be responsive to station radioeff1uent dis-char ge; 3.
To monitor potential critical pathways of station radioeffluent to man.
Samples for the 1980 REMP were taken from direct, waterborne, airborne and inges-tion pathways with emphasis on those media which would yield data for the evaluation of radiation dose to man.
Specific sampling locations were chosen on the basis of potential water use, site meteorology, local demography and land uses.
Environmental sampling locations were divided into two classes, indicator and control.
Indicator samples were those collected at locations which were expected to manifest future station effects, if any, and were selected on the basis of distance from the site, topography, hydrology, meteorology, demography, and drainage character-istics.
Contro1 samples were collected at locations which are expected to be unaffected by station operation.
Table 1 summarizes the Susquehanna REMP as performed in 1980.
Appendix A summarizes the results of the REMP ana1yses and compares indicator and control location results.
Appendix B describes the RMC coding system,'hich specifies sample type and location.
Included in Appendix B, Table B-1 gives the pertinent information on individual sampling locations, while maps B-1 and B-2 show the sampling locations.
The data for individual samples are presented
'in tabular form in Appendix C.
A synopsis of the analytical pro-cedures used for the samples appears in Appendix D.
Appendix E contains the results of RMC's participation in the EPA inter-laboratory comparison program.
Appendix F contains the results of demographic data surveys performed in 1980.
Sam le Collection Waterborne pathways were examined by analyzing samples of surface water, ground water, potable (drinking) water and sediment.
- Surface, ground and potable water samples were collected in unused two gallon plastic containers weekly and monthly.
Susquehanna River sediment was also sampled.
Airborne pathways were examined by analyzing air particulates, air iodine and pre-cipitation.
Air particulates were collected weekly on Gelman type-A/E, glass fiber fil-ters with low volume air samplers.
Air iodine was collected on one inch deep Mine Safety Appliance charcoal cartridges before July 7, 1980.
After July 7, 1980 air iodine was collected on one inch deep Science Applications, Inc. charcoal cartridges.
The change was made in order to obtain a greater iodine retention efficiency.
Air sample volumes were measured with temperature-compensated dry-gas meters.
Precipitation samples were collected in unused two gallon plastic containers monthly.'
Ingestion pathways were examined by analyzing samples of fish, milk, pasture
- grass, game and locally grown food products.
Several species of fish samples were collected in spring and late suwer at both the control and indicator locations, filleted and frozen for shipment to RMC.
Milk, food products and pasture grass were purchased di-rectly from local farmers.
Game samples were obtained by hunting or from road killed animal s.
Direct radiation measurements were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters consisting of calcium sulfate doped with thalium (CaSO (Tm)) (TLDs).
The TLDs were placed at loca-tions designed to take advantage of local tr8teorologic, topographic characteristics and pop ul ati on distribution character is ti cs.
Data Inte retation The radioanalytical and direct radiation data collected during 1980, together with
'that collected previously, will be used as a baseline with which operational data may be compared.
Several factors are important in the interpretation of the data.
These factors are discussed here to avoid repetition in sections that follow.
Within the data tables (Appendix C) a 95/ (a2 sigma) confidence interval is supplied for each result above the lower limit of detection'LLD) with the exception of strontium-89,
-90 analyses, which are reported as minimum detectable level (MDL).
Numerically, the LLD is equal to 4.66 times the square root of the quotient resulting from the background counts divided by the background counting time.
The result is then divided by a dpm/picocurie conversion factor, the counting efficiency and the sample volume.
Whereas the MDL is equal to 3 times the square root of the quotient resulting from the background counts divided by the background counting time.
This result is then divided by the dpm/pico-curie conversion factor, the counter efficiency and the sample volume (the exact speci-ficationss of the calculations are noted in Appendix D).
The MDL or LLD is, reported when the 2 sigma error exceeds 100/ of the calculated activity.
The 2 sigma intervals repre-sent the range of values into which 95/ of repeated analyses of the same sample would fall.
The LLD or MDL quoted for particular sample types (Table C-27) are nominal values.
The actual LLD or MDLs are calculated for each sample analyzed and will show variability due to the amount of sample analyzed, the length of time between sample collection and counting, the length of time a particular sample was counted and fluctuations in count-ing background.
It is characteristic of environmental monitoring data that many results occur at or below the LLD.
In this report, all results occurring at or below the relevant LLD were reported as being "less than" the LLD value.
Results for each type of sample were grouped according to the analysis, performed.
Averages and standard deviations of these results were calculated when applicable.
The calculated standard deviations of grouped data (by location or over time) represent sam-ple rather than analytical variability.
For these calculations any values below LLD were considered to be at the LLD.
Thus, these averages were biased high and the cor-responding standard deviations were biased low.
Averages were not calculated when a
group of data was composed of many ()505)
LLD values.
As the REMP for Susquehanna SES progressed, in 1980, certain samples and analyses
=
were inadvertently omitted from the schedule.
These exceptions are delineated, and reasons for the omission stated.
However, taking into account all program exceptions, it should be noted that the 1980 Susquehanna SES REMP had a 98/ success rate.
12
December at stat>on 3G2 because the nve Potable Watei Surface Water 1.
Weekly analyses for I-131 were omitted in the second and third weeks of October for stations 5S8 and 2F2 due to an error in sample collection.
2.
The weekly sample for I-131 analysis was not collected during the last week in r was frozen.
The monthly composite sample from station 12H2 for flay was not collected due to an error in collection procedure.
Air Particulates and Air Iodine I
1.
No samples were received from station 5S4 between February 17 and February 24 due to a pump malfunction.
t 2.
No samples were received from station 12El between August 11 and August 17 due to a pump malfunction.
i 3.
No samples were received from station 12Gl between January 21 and January 28 due to a volume guage.malfunction.
0 Precipitation No samples we'e received in December due to extreme icing conditions.
ail k No sample was received from station 8D1 from January to April and December because the goat was dry.
Food Products No sample was received from station 11D2 due to an error in collection procedure.
C TLD No sample was received from station 3S4 for the third quarter due to a loss in the field.
~Pro ram ~Chan es In order to provide consistency and clarification of the current status for the environmental monitoring stations, in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric
- Station, an extensive historical investigation was made into each station s nomencla-ture, in 1980.
A new aerial map with ring and sector designations was studied to veri-fy the station location code. Ifit was determined that a station location code was incorrect, it was updated,to agree with the aerial map.
Other changes in nomenclature also include changes in the station number.
These changes were made as to chronological priority when the station began operation, the first station in a ring/sector location receives a 1, the second receives a
2 and so on.
13
Specific station code changes are listed below:
Well water station 5S2 was changed to 4S2.
I 2.
3.
4, 5.
6.
Surface water station 6S2 was changed to 5SB.
Air particulate and TLD station 2A1 was changed to 2S2.
Air particulate, air iodine and TLD station 11A1 was changed to 11S2.
Milk station 10C1 was changed to 10D1.
Milk station 9G1 was changed to 10G1.
Additions to the program were made in 1980.
These were added in order to better reflect any changes in radioactivity levels during SSES operation.
These changes are noted.
1.
Surface water station, 6S5, in the discharge area was added for monthly collection.
2.
Four surface water stations,
- 2F2, 3G1,
- 3G2, 3H3 and one effluent water station, 1DS were added for weekly iodine-131 analysis to try to determine a better back-ground of iodine-131 in the Susquehanna River water.
3.
5.
Well water station, 15A4, was added for monthly collection.
\\
Four rain water stations,
- 5S4, 11S2, 1D2 and 12G1 were added for monthly collection.
Air particulate station,
- 50Sg, was added for weekly collection which acts as a
qual ity assurance stati on.
6.
Fifty TLD stations were added at various locations in order to comply with or exceed the Branch Technical Position guidelines (12).
7.
Three milk stations, 6C1, 5El and 13E3 were added for monthly collection.
Some analyses were added as well.
These are noted below.
Strontium-89 and -90 analysis were added to quarterly composites of monthly surface water samples.,
2.
3.
Iodine-131 analyses were added to weekly surface water samples from stations
- 5S8, 1D3 and 12F1.
Gross alpha analyses were added to quarterly composites of monthly well water samples.
Iodine-131 analyses were added to weekly potable water samples from station 12H2.
5.
6.
7.
Strontium-89,
-90 and gross alpha of potable water samples.
Strontium-89, -90 and gross alpha samples.
Strontium-89,
-90 and gross alpha weekly air particulate samples.
analyses were added to quarterly composites analyses were added to semi-annual sediment analyses were added to quarterly composites of 14
Strontium-89 and -90 analyses of food and game bone samples was discontinued for 1980 sam-ples because strontium-89 and -90 levels have not changed since 1973.
Air iodine charcoal cartridges were changed from thine Safety Appliance to Science Applications, Inc. in July 1980.
The new cartridges provide a greater iodine retention efficiency than the previously used cartridges.
15
I I
I I
I I
REsuos mo nrscussrON
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All environmental samples and TLDs were analyzed by standard RMC analytical proce-dures (14).
A synopsis of these procedures appears in Appendix D.
Since the precision and accuracy of the analytical results is of paramount importance, ROC devoted a fraction (usually 15-20%) of all analyses to quality control including process quality control, instrument quality control, inter-laboratory cross-check analyses and comprehensive data review.
The results of RMC's gC program for 1980 are included in a separate RMC report (15).
One important aspect in maintaining laboratory quality control is RMC's partici-pation in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) inter-laboratory comparison program.
This data appears in RMC's annual gC report and is also presented as Appendix E to this report.
The analytical results of the 1980 REMP have been divided into four categories:
waterborne,
- airborne, ingestion and direct radiation.
The individual samples and anal-yses within each category provide an adequate means of estimating radiation doses to individuals from the principal pathways.
The analytical results for the 1980 program are summarized in Appendix A.
The data for individual samples are presented in tabular form in Appendix C.
The sensitivities stated in the Branch Technical Position were met for all samples (12).
Waterborne Pathw The waterborne pathways of exposure from Susquehanna SES were evaluated by analyzing samples of surface water, well water, potable water and sediment.
Surface Water (Tables C-l, C-2, C-3 and C-4)
The Susquehanna River was sampled at eleven locations.
Daily grab samples were col-lected at 12H1 (Merck Company) then composited into a monthly sample.
Monthly samples were also composited from weekly grabs at station 5S8 (under the power line) and beginning on 9-10-80 at station 6S5 (outfall area).
Monthly grab samples were collected at station 1D3 (Mocanagua Substation), station 13E1 (Glen Brook Reservoir), station 12F1 (Berwick Bridge) and station 12G2 (between Bloomsburg and Bewick).
Monthly surface water samples were analyzed for gross beta, gamma emitters and iodine-131.
quarterly composites were analyzed for tritium, strontium-89 and -90.
Weekly grab samples were collected from stations 1D3, 12F1, 2F2 (Retreat Bridge), 3Gl (Lower Bridge Plymouth),
3G2 (Nanticoke Bridge) and 3H3 (Market Street Bridge) and weekly composite samples were collected from stations 5S8 and 12Hl in order to study the occurrence of detectable concentrations of iodine-131 in the river water.
Weekly iodine-131 analyses were started in May 1980 for station 12F1, September 1980 for station 1D3 and October 1980 for stations 5S8, 2F2,
- 3G1, 3G2 and 3H3.
Beginning in July 1981 a monthly effluent water grab sample was collected at station 1D5 (Shickshinny Sewage Treatment facility) for iodine-131 analysis.
Analysis for beta emitters in samples of surface water showed detectable activity in 50 of 76 samples, with results ranging from 1.5 to 6.7 pCi/1.
The gross beta results were consistent with the data previously obtained from 1972-1979 (4-11).
Garana analysis of the surface water samples showed all gamma emitters to be below the LLD.
Positive iodine results, in surface water, were reported in 28 of 177 samples with values ranging from O.ll to 0.9 pCi/l.
After positive results were observed in the mon-thly samples, weekly iodine-131 was initiated at several stations throughout the year.
Also, additional sampling locations were added for monthly and weekly iodine-131 analyses.
All months except March, April and July showed positive iodine-131 concentrations, in some samples.
Since Susquehanna SES is not in operation, iodine-131 in the surface water can be attributed to other sources of contamination of the river.
19
The analysis of tritium in surface water showed detectable activity in ll of 25 sam-ples with results ranging from 63 to 168 pCi/1.
This's well below the action level of 20,000 pCi/1 as quoted in the Branch Technical Position (12).
The average tritium concen-trations in surface water samples shows a gradual decline for the period 1973 to 1980.
This is likely the result of a reduction in atmospheric tritium from nuclear detonations.
Average triti.um concentrations for all locations since 1973 were graphed in Figure 1.
Positive tritium results are reported when the 2 sigma counting error is less than the re-sult.
In some cases, this may cause positive results to be reported, which are lower than the calculated LLDs.
For clarification of the method of calculation, see Appendix D, Analysis of Water Samples for Tritium.
Levels of strontium-89 were below HDL (0.6 to 2.4 pCi/1) in twenty-four of twenty-five samples.
Strontium-89 was found in one sample.
The concentration (0.9 0.7 pCi/l) was comparable to the NOL levels found in the samples.
Levels of detectable strontium-90 ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 pCi/1 in ten of the twenty-five samples.
The ILL values ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 pCi/l.
Well Water (Tables C-5, C-6 and C-7)
Three wells, the peach stand on-site (4S2), the Serafin Farm (15A4) beginning on 3-26-80 and the Berwick Water Co. (12F3), were sampled monthly.
Gross beta and gamna analyses were performed on the monthly samples.
Gross alpha and tritium analyses were performed on quarterly composites of monthly grab samples.
Gross beta results showed positive values in 16 of 34 samples with results ranging from 1.4 to 5.1 pCi/1.
LLDs ranged from 2.2 to 2.9 pCi/l.
All results for all gambia emitting nuclides were less than LLD.
Positive alpha results were observed in three of twelve samples with an average of 2.1 pCi/1.
The LLD values ranged from 0.9 to 2.7 pCi/1.
Five of twelve samples showed positive tritium results, ranging from 89 to 150 pCi/1 and LLDs ranging from 107 to 123 pCi/1.
Positive results for gross beta, gross alpha and tritium compared closely to the respective LLDs for those analyses and to results found in previous REMP reports (4-11).
Potable (Drinking) Water (Tables C-8, C-9 and C-10)
Potable water was sampled monthly at two locations, the Berwick Water Company (12F3) and the Danville Water Company (12H2).
In addition, weekly samples were collected from station 12H2 beginning on April 21, 1980 for iodine-131 analysis.
Gross beta and garma emitters were analyzed monthly.
Gross alpha, tritium and strontium-89 and -90 were anal-yzed as quarterly composites.
Thirteen of twenty-three samples showed positive gross beta results ranging from 1.7 to 3. 1 pCi/1 and averaging 2.4 pCi/l.
All results from all gamma emitting nuclides were less than LLD.
One sample collected from September and one sample collected from November showed positive results (both 0. 12 pCi/1) for iodine-131 analyses at the Danville Water Company.
This was found to be consistent with iodine-131 activity in weekly surface water samples.
Gross alpha was observed in one of eight samples.
The result, 1.3 pCi/l, fell within the LLD range of 0.8 to 2.6 pCi/1.
These results compare favorably to the EPA drinking water action level of 15 pCi/1 for gross alpha (16).
Five of eight samples analyzed showed positive tritium res'ults ranging from 96 to 116 pCi/1, with LLDs ranging from 107 to 137 pCi/1 for the others.
The results fall below the EPA tritium action level of 20,000 pCi/1 for drinking water (16).
20
The tritium results, for potable water, were consistent with results for tritium observed in surface water of the Susquehanna River.
All results for strontium-89 were below the MDL of 0.6 to 1.9 pCi/1.
Two detectable concentrations of strontium-90 (0.7 and 1.0 pCi/l) were observed in eight samples.
The MDL values ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 pCi/1.
Sediment (Tables C-ll and C-12)
Sediment samples were taken from three locations in the Susquehanna River semiannually.
Samples were taken at Bell Bend (7B), downstream near Hess Island (11C) and upstream near Gould Island (2B).
Samples were analyzed for gamma emitting nuclide, gross alpha, stron-tium-89 and -90.
Naturally-occurring K-40, Ra-226 and Th-232 were detected in all samples.
Be-7, from cosmic ray activity, was also observed in five of the six samples analyzed.
Cs-137 was de-tected in all samples, with levels ranging from 0.04 to 0. 10 pCi/g(dry).
These nuclides
'ave been observed periodically throughout the program.
Since the station is not in oper-
- ation, and there are no other nuclear power installations in the area, the man-made nuclides observed were attributed to nuclear weapons testing fallout.
Gross alpha analyses showed positive values for all samples, ranging from 5. 1 to 15 pCi/g(dry).
All strontium-89 results were below 0. 1 pCi/g(dry).
One sample showed a posi-tive strontium-90 concentration of 0.04 pCi/g(dry).
All others were below the MDL (0.05 to 0.09 pCi/g(dry)).
~Aib P
The airborne pathways of exposure from Susquehanna SES were evaluated by analyzing sam-ples of air particulates, air iodine cartridges and precipitation.
Samples of air particu-lates were collected at ten stations; the Information Center (2S2), the biological laboratory (5S4 and 50Sg), the Goloumb House (11S2), transmission line east of route ll (9B1), the Mocanagua Substation (1D2), near Pond Hill (3D1), the Berwick Hospital (12El), at Bloomsburg (12Gl) and the PPRL roof in Allentown (7Hl).
Stations 2S2 and 50Sg began operations in August.
Air filters were analyzed weekly for gross beta and quarterly for gamma emitters, gross alpha and strontium-89 and 90.
Air iodine was collected on charcoal cartridges in series with the air particulate filter at stations
- 2S2, 5S4, 11S2, 981,
- 12E, 50Sg and 7H1.
The charcoal cartridges have an efficiency of removal of elemental iodine of 99K.
Sampling for air iodine began at stations 2S2 and 50Sg in August.
Precipitation samples were collected monthly beginning in April from stations
- 5S4, 11S2, 1D2 and 12G1 and analyzed for tritium and gamma emitters.
Air Particulates (Tables C-13, C-14 and C-15)
The gross beta concentrations of each sample was determined weekly.
These concentra-tions ranged from 0.007 - 0.036 pCi/cubic meter in all samples collected between January and October.
An increasing tree) is noted in Iiovember and December eith concentrations ranging between 0.027 to 0.086 pCi/m.
This can be attributed to the fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapons test by the Peop)e's Republic of China on October 15.
The annual average for all stations was 0.024 pCi/m.
Figure 2 shows graphically the gross beta activity in air particulates for 1980.
quarterly composites of air particulate filters from each location were analyzed by gamma spectrometry.
Be-7, from cosmic radiation, was detected in all 34 samples.
Beryl-lium-7 results for the Susquehanna SES site vicinity show an increase in the second quar-ter.
This trend is typical of the spring maximum concentration of fallout in the tropos-21
phere due to the winter maximum exchange of fallout between lower stratosphere and the troposphere at temperate and high latitudes (17), with high latitudes being defined as those latitudes between 50'nd 90'..
Cs-137 was observed in four of 28 samples.
Nb-95, Zr-95, Ru-103 and Ce-141 were observed in all fourth quarter samples.
These may be attri-buted to the atmospheric nuclear weapons test by the People's Republic of China on October 15.
Gross alpha analyses of quarterly composites showed positive results in thirty-three of thirty-four samples with values ranging from 0.0002 to 0.0049 pCi/cubic meter with the average being 0.0032 pCi/cubic meter.
The strontium-89 analyses performed on the quarterly composites showed two out of thirty-four samples with detectable activity.
These were 0.0038 and 0.0028 and fall within the MDL.range.
The MDLs for strontium-89 ranged between 0.0003 and 0.0077 pCi/
cubic meter.
Strontium-90 concentrations ranged between
<0.0003 and 0.0038 pCi/cubic m ter with the average being 0.0005 pCi/cubic m ter.
Air Iodine (Table C-16)
Of the 295 air samples analyzed for iodine-131, one showed a detectable level of 0.02 pCi/cubic meter.
The sample was analyzed on June 19, 1980 at which time a recount was performed.
Three half-lives had passed
- and, as was expected, the result was less than the LLD.
Any iodine-131 which may have been present had decayed away to a level
. lower than could be detected.
The air particulate filter for that week showed no ele-vation in gross beta activity.
Station 981 was monitored following that week but no I-131 was found.
No further investigation as to the source of the I-131 concentration in the sample was possible due to the number of half-lives that had passed since the sample stop date.
The detection limit for all others ranged from 0.003 to 0.07 pCi/cubic meter.
Precipitation (Table C-17)
Three of thirty-two samples showed positive tritium results, ranging from 99 to 126 pCi/l.
All others were less than LLD (231 pCi/1).
Be-7 was observed in.24 samples ranging from 19 to 110 pCi/1.
The presence of Be-7 throughout the year can be attributed to cosmic ray activity.
All other results from gambia emitting nuclides were below the LLD.
In estion Pathwa 4
Ingestion pathways of exposure from Susquehanna SES were evaluated by analyzing samples of milk, fish, food products,
- meat, gave and pasture grass.
Milk (Tables C-18 and C-19)
Milk samples were collected at eight dairy cattle locations.
Samples were collected monthly except in October when an extra sample was collected from stations
- 1282, 12B3, 10D1 and 10G1 following the atmospheric muclear weapons test by the People's Republic of China on October 15.
Each sample was analyzed for I-131, Sr-89, and -90 and garana emitters.
The extra October samples were analyzed for I-131 only.
Of the eighty-eight samples analyzed for I-131, five showed detectable levels ranging from 0.27 to 1.6 pCi/1.
These levels were found in November and Decenher samples and may be attributed to fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapons test by the People's Republic of China.
The LLDs ranged from 0.07 to 0.3 pCi/1.
22
Strontium-89 was detected in ten of seventy-six samples analyzed with results ranging between 1.7 and 6.7 pCi/l.
The range of MDL values for strontium-89 was 1.7 to 29 pCi/l.
The wide range of values for the MDL was due to low chemical yields in some of the samples and delays between sample collection and analysis which causes a large decay correction factor.
The concentration of strontium-90 was positive in seventy-three of seventy-six samples analyzed and averaged 4.3 pCi/1.
The MDL range was 2.2 to 7.1 pCi/1.
Due to the 28 year half-life and biological assimilation, strontium-90 can be expected to remain long after routine atmospheric testing has ceased.
All strontium-89 and -90 analysis chemical yields have been verified by atomic absorption to determine calcium interference.
Potassium-40 as determined by gamma spectrometry, was found in milk samples, with levels ranging from 1100 to 2000 pCi/1.
Cs-137 was found in twenty-five of seventy-eight samples in levels ranging from 1.4 to 4.2 pCi/1.
Goat milk was sampled quarterly at one location, or more frequently if sufficient milk was available.
Goat milk was analyzed for iodine-131 only.
Of the seven samples
- analyzed, one sample had a positive result of 1.7 pCi/1 which is likely the result of fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapons test on October 15.
Fish (Table C-20)
Fish was collected from two locations.
Three to seven fish of each species were col-lected at each location.
The species included were:
walleye, white sucker and channel
- catfish, Analysis of the flesh for gamma emitters and strontium-89,
-90 was performed on each species sampled.
Strontium-89 was below the MDL (0.006-0.02 pCi/g(wet)) in eleven of twelve samples.
A positive strontium-89 result was observed in the white sucker sample taken at the con-trol location.
The value of 0.011 pCi/g(wet) is comparable to the range of HDL values and agrees with the occasional positive strontium-89 results observed in previous years (4-11).
No strontium-90 was observed in any samples with MDLs ranging from 0.003 to 0.01 pCi/g(wet)..
Gamma spectrometry was performed on the flesh portions of fish samples.
Naturally-occurring K-40 was detected in all twelve samples with results ranging from 2.8 to 4.0 pCi/g(wet).
Cesium-137 was detected in two walleye samples, at 0.012 and 0.042 pCi/g(wet)
These results were consistent with those previously found.
Since the station is not in operation, and there are no other nuclear power installations in the area, the man-made nuclide observed can probably be attributed to nuclear weapons testing fallout.
Food Products (Table C-21)
Gamma spectrometry was used to analyze various types of food products collected from various local farmers within the vicinity of Susquehanna SES.
These include tomatoes, honey, potatoes,
- squash, potato chips, strawberries,
- corn, cabbage and apples.
Naturally-occurring K-40 at levels of 0.7 to 7.2 pCi/g(wet) was found in all samples.
All other gamma emitting nuclides were below the respective LLDs.
Meat (Table C-22)
Meat samples consisting of eggs, chicken, beef, pork and duck were collected from three local farms.
The flesh and bones or shells were analyzed for gamma emitters.
Natu'rally-occurring K-40 was detected in nine of ten samples, 1.5 to 2.8 pCi/gram(wet) in flesh, and 5.6 to 9.5 pCi/gram(wet) in bones and shells.
Cs-137 was also found in the beef sample (0.02 pCi/g(wet)).
All others were less than the LLD of 0.03 pCi/g(wet) for flesh and 0.06 pCi/g(wet) for bones and shells.
23
Game (Table C-23)
One deer sample was collected in the winter and the flesh and bones were analyzed for gamma emitters.
Naturally-occurring potassium-40 was found in the flesh and bones at levels of 2.9 and 1.8 pCi/g(wet), respectively.
Cesium-137 was also found at a concentration of 0.03 pCi/g(wet) for flesh and 0.016 pCi/g(wet) for 'bones.
These results were consistent with cesium-137 concentrations found in meat samples.
Radium-226 was found in the deer bones with a concentration of 0.07 pCi/g(wet).
All other nuclides searched for were less than the LLD.
Vegetation (Table C-24)
Two leafy vegetation samples and one acorn sample were collected on site and analyzed by gamma spectrometry.
Potassium-40 was found in all three samples at concentrations of 0.94 to 2.3 pCi/g(wet).
Also, Cs-137 was found in the acorn sample taken on August 4 at a concentration of 0.22 pCi/g(wet).
This is consistent with a previous study to determine the source of elevated levels of cesium-137 in squirrels.
The study concluded that the ele-vated cesium-137 levels in the squirrels was due to the elevated levels of cesium-137 in the acorns which were ingested by the squirrels (7).
Pasture Grass (Table C-25)
Pasture grass was collected monthly at the'closest farm.
In addition, an extra sample was collected in October in order to monitor any fallout due to the atmospheric weapons test by the People's Republic of China.
One pasture grass sample was collected from station 8D1 when the goat milk was unavailable.
Each sample was analyzed by gamma spectrometry.
Beryl-lium-7 and potassium-40 were found in seven of thirteen samples and twelve of thirteen sam-ples, respectively.
Beryllium-7 concentrations ranged from 0.6 to ll pCi/g(wet) and potas-sium-40 concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 7.5 pCi/g(wet).
The pasture sample from station 15Al collected on December 5 showed detectable levels of Zr-95 (0.26 pCi/g(wet)), Hb-95 (0.31 pCi/g(wet)), Ru-103 (0.25 pCi/g(wet)), Ba-140 (0.7 pCi/g(wet)), La-140 (0.39 pCi/g(wet)), Ce-141 (0.59 pCi/g(wet)), and Ce-144 (0.2 pCi/g(wet)).
These levels can be attributed to fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapons test by the People's Republic of China on October 15 and agree with the elevated gross beta in air par-ticulates and the positive gamma spectrometry results in the fourth quarter composites of air particulates.
These nuclides are typically found in fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests (4-11).
Direct Radiation (Table C-26)
Direct radiation measurements were made on a quarterly basis.
TLD packets were placed at 66 locations on and surrounding the Susquehanna SES.-
During 1980, 186 quarterly TLD pa-ckets were collected.
Each packet included four dosimeters for a total of 744 analyses.
All TLD results presented in this report have been normalized to a standard month (30.4 days) to eliminate the apparent differences in data caused by variations in length of exposure period.
The range of TLD results for indicator locations was 4.53 to 16.78 mrem/standard month and 3.99 to 7.04 mrem/standard month for control locations.
Elevated levels at loca-tions 6S4 and 7S3 in the third and fourth quarters were due to on-site radiographic activity.
The TLD analyses yielded an average dose equivalent rate of 6.17 mrem/standard month at all indicator locations, and an average dose equivalent rate of 5.64 mrem/standard month at all control locations.
The projected annual dose from direct radiation computed from these results is 74 mrads, or 74 mrem assuming a quality factor of I, at indicator locations, and 68 mrad or 68 mrem at 24
the control locations.
The EPA terrestrial and cosmic radiation dose rate calculated for the Wilkes-Barre area is 82 mrem/year, neglecting any neutron contribution (18).
This com-pares favorably with the average TLD measured dose rate of 73 mrem/year for all stations.
This difference is not unexpected since the EPA values are gross general averages for an area" and do not take into consideration specific terrestrial variations.
The average dose rates for all monitoring locations since 1973 are plotted in Figure 3.
The differences observed between locations or between sampling periods were similar to those found pre-viously (4-11).
25
I l
I
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS The Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program for Susquehanna SES was conducted during 1980 as a continuation of the program initiated in 1972.
The data collected during 1980 further develops a baseline for comparison with future operational data.
The purposes for the design and development of the Susquehanna SES REMP were:
1.
To establish baseline radiological characteristics of the environs of Susquehanna SES for comparison with future data; 2.
To assure that the media sampled and analyled are sensitive to fluc-tuations in the radiological characteristics of the Susquehanna SES environs; and assure that the program will be responsive to station radioeffl uent discharge; 3.
To monitor potential critical pathways of station radioeffluent to man.
The 1980 REMP further establishes the, baseline radiological characteristics for the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES.
This is evident by the continuation of sampling and analysis for the aquatic, atmospheric and terrestrial environments, as well as mon-itoring of direct radiation.
The sampling and analysis of these media reflect the nor-mal background radiation found in this environment.
fm The media sampled by the Susquehanna REMP are sensitive to radiological fluctuations of the environment monitored.
This is evident by the measured gradual decline in the sur-face water concentration of tritium, primarily due to the decrease in atmospheric nuclear
,g detonations.
Gross beta and garana spectrometry analyses of air particulates are sensitive to atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons.
Gamma analyses of air and pasture grass sam-ples showed low concentrations of radioactive nuclides from fallout from the October 15, lg 1980 atmospheric nuclear weapons test by the People's Republic of China.
Iodine-131 was
~5 detected in extremely low concentrations in milk samples in November and December.
Iodine-131 analysis of air cartridges indicated that the levels were below the detection limits which -suggests that analysis of milk for iodine-131 is an excellent indicator for tracing the iodine-131 pathway.
Supporting this pathway theory are the results of garana spectro-metry of the December pasture grass sample from the Seraiin farm.
The nuclides found are typical of fallout and are not different from those found in the air particulate samples.
'g The probable explanation for not finding evidence of fallout in the other samples collected in November and December is that the fallout nuclides had not yet been concentrated to the limits of detection.
Samples collected later indicated that, this was the case.
This in-sures that the Susquehanna SES REMP is sensitive to radiological fluctuations of the envi-ronment.
Environmental gamma radiation measurements were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters.
Results, from the indicator and control'locations were found not to be significantly different as would be expected in the absence of any source of garma radiation.
The media sampled by the Susquehanna REMP also monitors potent'ial critical pathways of station radioeffluent to man.
Monitoring of the waterborne pathway consisted of sampling surface water, well water, potable water and sediment and were chosen to reflect the characteristics of normal back-ground radiation for this medium.
The airborne pathway was monitored by filtering and analyzing the particulate matter, by passing filtered air through a charcoal filter which was analyzed for the presence of iodine-131 and by analysis of precipitation.
The ingestion pathway was monitored by the sampling and analysis of milk, fish, game, and various food pro-29
ducts.
The results obtained by analysis of these samples were consistent with previously m asured levels of radioactivity, in their respective media (4-11).
The results obtained from analyses performed on the samples indicates that the levels and fluctuations of radioactivity detected in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES were expected for this environm nt and are consastent with previously accumulated REHP data (4-ii).
30
REFERENCES
REFERENCES Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, "Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Applicant's Environmental Report," Operating License
- Stage, May 1978.
Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, "Susquehanna Steam Electric
- Station, Final Safety Analysis Report,"
1978.
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulations, "Draft Environmental Statement Related to the Operation of Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Units 1 and 2," Docket-Nos.
50-387 and 50-388, June 1979.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, Report 81 (April - December 1972)" RMC-TR-73-14, July 1973.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Preoperational Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program 1973," RMC-TR-74-07, May 1974.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electr ic Station, Preoperational Radiological Environmental Monitoring
- Program, 1974 Annual Report,"
RMC-TR-75-07, April 1975.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, 1975
,Annual Report," RMC-TR-76-05, Hay 1976.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, 1976 Annual Report,"
RMC-TR-77-04, March 1977.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electric
- Station, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, 1977 Annual Report,"
RMC-TR-78-01, May 1978.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electric
- Station, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, 1978 Annual Report," RMC-TR-79-01, April 1979.
Radiation Management Corporation, "Susquehanna Steam Electric
- Station, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, 1979 Annual Report," RMC-TR-80-01, March, 1980.
Branch Technical Position to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 4.8, Rev. 1, November 1979.
United States Environmental Protection
- Agency, ORP/SID 72-2, "Environmental Radioactivity Surveillance Guide," June 1972.
33
REFERENCES (CONT.)
(14)
(16)
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations, Safe Drinking Water Act, Public Law 93-523, July 9, 1976.
Radiation Management'Corporation, "T-l, Specifications for Analytical Instructions", August, 1978.
l1 (15)
Radiation Management Corporation, "guality Control Data - 1980 Annual Report", January, 1981.
(17)
(18)
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, ~ionizin 'Radiation: 'Leve1s 'and'ffects, Vol use I:
Levels, United Nations Publication, New York, 1972.
- Oakley, Donald T., Natural Radiation
~Ex osure in'the'United
- States, ORP/SID 72-1, Un>ted States Environmental Protect>on
- Agency, June 1972.
TABLE I SYNOPSIS OF THE SUSQUEHANflA SES RADIOLOGICAL EflVIROtll4EflTALICfITORltfG PROGRAN 1980 SAHPLE TYPE SANPL ING tfL'4BER OF NUMBER FREQUENCY SANPL ItlG COLLECTED LOCATIONS AtfALYSIS TYPE AtfALYS IS FREQUENCY HUNGER PERFORHED WATERBORNE PATHMAY Surface Water Well Mater Potable Water Sediment AIRBORNE PATHWAY Air Particulate Air Iodine Precipitation INGESTION PATHWAY Ni Ik 10 90 105 34 23 36 450 295 32 95 Gross Beta 1-131 Ganma lf-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 1-131 Gross Beta Ganma Gross Alpha Tritium Gross Beta Garrrna Gross Alpha Tritium Sr-89 Sr-90 1-131 Gross Alpha Ganma Sr-89 Sr-90 0
Gross Beta Gross Alpha Garana Sr-89 Sr-90 1-131 Tritium Oar(ma 1-131 Garrrna N
t4
!4 QC QC tl N
'C QC QC QC 76 72 76 25 25 25 105 34 34 12 12 23 23 8
8 8
8 36 450 34 34 34 34 295 32 32 95 78 76 76 Fish (Flesh)
Food Products Neat 6 Poultry (flesh) fLat 6 Poultry (bones)
Game (flesh)
Game (bones)
Vegetation Pasture Grass DIRECT RADIATIOH Dosimeters (TLDs)
SA SA SA 66 12 20 14 186 Ganrna Sr-89 Sr-90 Ganrna Ganma Ganma Garrrna Ganma Ganne Game Dose rate SA SA SA SA SA 12 12 12 20 14 186 35
FIG. I AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF TRITIUH IN SURFACE VOTER IN THE VICINITYOF THE SUSQUEHANNA SES 1973 THROUGH 1980 1.i000 9000 8000 1000 6000 6000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 wo 400 300 200 5
C O
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 o
10 <<iakafl7 A<<ia$ tXRSS <<iakffRS)I <<i~vk-SR7IiI<<>~tkarlrSI 19~~rk~sla~1<<i9xktfJSS
<<~~rkttlaII <<.*~Stay:GSI IS>~Z>nSIIS>
1923 1928 1929.
1922
FIG. II2 GROSS BETA ACTIVITY IN AIR PARTICULATES IN THE VICINITY OF THE SUSOUEHANNA SES SITE 1980 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 90 00 70
'o BO SC O
40 30 2C 54P lP At 1C 9
5 10 15 20 25 5
10 15 20 25 JAMUART PEBRUARE 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 MARCH APR1E MAT JUNE JUI 2 AUCUET SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 5 10152025 5 10152025 NOVEMBER OECEMBER
FIG. 3 AVERAGE AISIENT RADIATION LEVELS IN THE VICINITYOF THE SUSQUEHANNA SES 1973 THROUGH 1900 14 13 12 6
11 CI cK 10 9
N iieet"t~ii>t 4%444\\4@a 19~4
~ kl f448ad 19~
1~4ts g
a~4 444m tg 78
- 19. 79
APPENDIX A PREOPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM ANNUAL
SUMMARY
APPENDIX A PREOPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM ANNUAL SINOARY Susquehanna SES BenNick, Pa.
Docket No.: 50-387 5 50-388 Janua~
1 to December 31, 1980 MEDIIN OR PATHWAY SAMPLED (UNIT OF MEASUREMENT)
TYPE AND TOTAL NUMBER OF ANALYSES PERFORMED LOWER LIMIT NUMBER OF OF DETECTION ALL INDICATOR LOCATIONS LOCATION WITH HIGHEST ANNUAL MEAN CONTROL LOCATION HONROUTINE (LLD) (1)
ME WITS RANGE DISTANCE 6 DIRECTIOH RANGE RANGE MEASUREMENTS Surface Water (pCi/1)
Gross Beta 76 Galena 76 2.0 3.2 (30/40)
(1.9-6.7)
- (O/4O) 12F1 5.3 mi WSW N/A 3.6 (8/12)
(2.0-5.7)
H/A 2.9 (20/36)
(1.5-5.7)
- (0/36)
Well Water (pci/I )
Potable Water (pCi/1) 1-131 177 H-3 25 Sr-89 25 Sr-90 25 Gross Beta 34 Galena 34 Gross Alpha 12 H-3 12 Gross Beta 23 I-131 36 Gama 23 Gross Alpha 8
H-3 8
Sr-89 8
Sr-90 8
0.07 93 0.6 0.4 1.4 0.9 107 2.2 0.08 0.8 107 0.6 0.4 0.37 (13/66)
(0. 17-0.9) 122 (7/13)
(63-168) 0.7 (1/13)
(O.7) 0.5 (6/13)
(0.3-0.8) 3.4 (13/22)
(1.4-5.1)
- (0/22)
- 2. 1 (3/8)
(1.6-2.5) 109 (2/8)
(106-111) 2.5 (9/11)
(2.O-3.1) 0.12 (2/36)
(O.12)
- (O/11) 1.3 (1/4)
(1.3) 112 (1/4)
(112) 0.5 (1/4)
(O.S) 1.0 (1/4)
(I.O) 12G2 17 mi WSW 12G2 17 mi WSW 1D3 3.9 mi H
12H1 26 mi WSW 15A4 0.9 mi NW N/A 4S2 0.8 mi ENE 12F3 5.2 mi WSW 12H2 26 mi WSW 12H2 26 mi WSW N/A 12H2 26 mi WSW 12H2 26 mi WSW 12H2 26 mi WSW 12H2 26 mi WSW 0,43 (3/12)
(0.18-0.9) 144 (4/4)
(96-168) 0.9 (1/4)
(0.9) 0.7 (2/4)
(O.S-O.B) 3.8 (10/10)
(1.9-5.1)
N/A 2.1 (3/4)
(1.6-2.5) 117 (3/4)
(89-150) 2 '
(9/11)
(2.O-3.1) 0.12 (2/36)
(0.12)
N/A 1.3 (1/4)
(1.3) 112 (1/4)
(112) 0.5 (1/4)
(O.S) 1.0 (1/4)
(1.0) 0.28 (15/111)
(0.11-0.55) 119 (4/12)
(91-159) 0.9 (1/12)
(O.9) 0.4 (5/12)
(0.3-0.4) 3.0 (3/12)
(2. 1-4.6)
- (0/12)
- (O/4) 117 (3/4)
(89-150) 2.2 (4/12)
(1.7-2.7)
H/A
- (0/12)
- (O/4) 106 (4/4)
(96-116)
- (0/4) 0.7 (1/4)
(O.7)
APPENDIX A (CONT.)
PREOPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM ANNNL
SUMMARY
Susquehanna SfS Bewick, Pa.
Docket No.: 50-387
& 50-388 January 1 to December 31, 1980 MEDIUM OR PATHWAY SAMPLED (UNIT OF MEASUREMENT)
TYPE AND TOTAL NUMBER OF ANALYSES PERFORMED LOWER LIMIT NUMBER OF.
OF DETECTION ALL'NDICATOR'LOCATIONS LOCATION WITH HIGHEST'ANNUAL MEAN CONTROL LOCATION NONROUTINE (LLD) (I)
RANGE DISTANCE & DIRECTION 'ANGE RANGE MEASUREMENTS Sedinent (PCi/9-dry)
Air Particulates (10 pCi/m )
Gross Alpha 6 Gama 6
Be-7 K-40 Cs-137 Ra-226 Th-232 Sr-89 6
Sr-90 Gross Beta 450 Gross Alpha 34 Gamna 34 Be-7 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Cs-137 Ce-141 Sr-89 34 Sr-90 34 0.4 0.09 0.05 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 11 (4/4)
(7.4-15) 0.4 (4/4 (0.2-0.6 9.0 (4/4 (7.3-10)
O.OB (4/4)
(0.04-0.1) 0.7 (4/4)
(0.54-0.83) 0.77 (4/4)
(0.68-0.84)
- (O/4) 0.04 (I/4)
(O.O4) 24 (347/347)
(7-86) 3.1 (25/26)
(0.2-4.9) 80 (26/26)
(30-170) 3.5 (7/26)
(3.0-4;6) 2.4 (7/26)
(1. 1-3.4) 2.7 (7/26)
(2.4-3.4) 1.5 (3/26)
(1.4-1.8) 2.4 (7/26)
(1.9-2.6) 3.8 (1/26)
(3.8) 0.3 (18/26)
(0.14-1.1) 78 1.2 mi SE 11C 2.6 mi SW 78 1.2 mi SE 11C 2.6 mi SW 78 1.2 mi SE 78 1.2 mi SE N/A 11C 2.6 mi SW 2S2.
0.9 mi NNE 7H1 47 mi SE 3D1 3.4 mi NE 7H1 47 mi SE 7HI 47 mi SE 7H1 47 B)i SE 11S2 0.4 mi SW 7H1 47 mi SE 1D2 4.0 mi N
11S2 0.4 mi SW 12 (2/2)
(11-12) 0.4 (2/2 (0.2-0.6 9.8 (2/2 (9.6-10) 0.09 (2/2)
(0.08-0.1 0.79 (2/2 (0.75-0.83) 0.83 (2/2)
(O.82-O.84)
N/A 0.04 (1/2)
(O.O4) 31 (19/19)
(13-68) 3.5 (4/4)
(2.0-4.6) 94 (4/4)
(42-170) 6.7 (1/4)
(6. 7) 4.1 (1/4)
(4.1) 4.1 (1/4)
(4.1) 1.8 (1/4)
(1.8) 3.2 (1/4)
(3.2) 3.8 (1/4)
(3.8) 0.5 (3/4)
(0.2-1. 1).
7.3 (2/2)
(5.1-9.4) 0.3 (1/2)
(O.3) 7.5 (2/2)
(5.5-9.5) 0.08 (2/2)
(0.06-0.1) 0.56 (2/2)
(0.44-0.68) 0.71 (2/2)
(0.6-0.81)
- (O/2)
- (O/2) 24 (103/103)
(7-77) 3.5 (8/8)
(1.4-4.9) 79 (8/8)
(33-150) 5.2 (2/8)
(3.6-6.7) 3.3 (2/8)
(2.4-4.1 3.4 (2/8 (2.7-4.1 1.4 (1/8)
(1.4) 2.8 (2/8)
(2.4-3.2) 2.8 (1/8)
(2.8) 0.3 (6/8)
(0.'2-0.6)
APPEHDIX A (CONT.)
PREOPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM ANNUAL SURGERY Susquehanna SES Berwick, Pa.
Docket No.: 50-387 8 50-388 January 1 to December 31, 1980 TYPE AND LOWER LIHIT NUMBER OF MEDIUM OR PATHWAY TOTAL NUMBER OF DETECTION ALL INDICATOR LOCATIONS LOCATION WITH HIGHEST AHNUAL MEAN CONTROL LOCATION NONROUTINE SAMPLED OF ANALYSES (LLD) (1)
RBllll (UNIT OF HEASUREMENT)
PERFORMED RANGE DISTANCE 5 DIRECTIOH RANGE RANGE MEASUREMENTS Air Iodine (10 pCi/m )
Precipitation (pCi/1)
Milk (pCi/1)
Fish (pCi/g-wet)
I-131 295 H-3 32 Gattma 32 Be-7 1-131 95 Gama 78 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 76 Sr-90 76 Gama 12 K-40 Cs-137 2.7 112 8.1 0.07 1.7 2.2 0.006 23 (1/243)
(23) 119 (2/24)
(112-126) 47 (16/24)
(19-110) 1.0 (4/82)
(0.27-1.7) 1500 (67/67)
(1100-2000) 2.3 (20/67)
( 1.4-4.2) 3.6 (9/66)
(1.7-6.7) 4.3 (55/66)
(1.0-9 ~ 1) 3.5 (6/6)
(2.8-4.0) 0.042 (1/6)
(0.042) 9Bl 1.3 mi S
5S4 0.8 mi E
1D2 4.0 mi N
BD1 3.2 mi SSE 13E3 5.0 mi W
12B3 2.0 mi WSW SEl 4.5 mi E
1283 2.0 mi WSW Indicator 0.9-1.4 mi ESE Indicator 0.9-1.4 mi ESE 23 (I/52)
(23) 119 (2/8)
(112-126) 48 (8/8)
(20-110) 1.7 (1/7)
(1.7) 1700 (9/9)
(1400-1900) 3.3 (5/11)
(2.5-4.1) 5.0 (3/10)
(3!'6-6.7) 6.2 (10/10)
(2.3-9.1) 3.5 (6/6)
(2.8-4.0) 0.042 (1/6)
(0.042)
- (0/52) 99 (1/8)
(99) 40 (8/8)
(19-59) 0.76 (2/13)
(0.51-1.0) 1500 (11/11)
(1200-1900) 3.3 (5/11)
(2.5-4.1) 2.8 (I/10)
(2.8) 6.1 (10/10)
(1.4-13) 3.4 (6/6)
(2.9-3.8) 0.012 (1/6)
(0.012)
Sr-89 12 0.006 Sr-90 12 0.003
- (0/6)
- (0/6) 2G 30 mi HNE H/A 0.011 (1/6)
(0.011)
H/A 0.011 (1/6)
(0.011)
- (0/6) 0 Food Products (pCi/g-wet)
Gama 20 K-40 2.5 (15/15)
(0.66-7.2) 12E3 4.4 mi WSW 7.2 (1/1)
(7.2) 3.0 (5/5)
(2.1-3.7)
APPEHDIX A (CONT.)
PREOPERATIOHAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM ANNUAL SU@CRY Susquehanna SES Berwick, Pa.
Docket Ho.: 50-387 8t 50-388 January 1 to December 31, 1980 MEDIUM OR PATHWAY SAMPLED (UNIT OF MEASUREMENT)
TYPE AND TOTAL NUMBER OF ANALYSES PERFORMED LOWER LIMIT NUMBER OF OF DETECTION ALL IHDICATOR'LOCATIONS L'OCATION'ITH'HIGHEST ANNUAL MEAH CONTROL LOCATION HOHROUTINE (LLD) (1)
MEAH 2
NAME ME RANGE DISTANCE 6 DIRECTIOH RANGE RANGE MEASUREMENTS Meat 8 Poultry (Flesh)
Gamtta 5
(pCi/g-wet)
K-40 Cs-137 Meat & Poultry (Bones)
Gamna 4
(pCi/g-wet)
K-40 Cs-137 0.01 0.9 0.03 2.3 (5/5)
(1.5-2.8) 0.02 (I/5)
(0.02) 7.4 (3/4)
(5.6-9.5)
- (0/4)
IODI 3.0 mi SSW 1283 2.0 mi WSW IODI 3.0 mi SSW N/A 2.7 (2/2)
(2.6-2.8) 0.02 (I/I)
(0.02) 8.4 (2/2)
(7.2-9.5)
H/A No Control Location No Control Location Game (Flesh)
(pCi/g-wet)
Gaea (Bones)
(PCi/9-dry)
Vegetation (pCi/g-wet)
Gamna 1
(2-9) 0.03 (I/1)
(0.03) 1.8 (1/I)
(1. 8) 0.016 (I/I)
(0.016) 0.07 (I/I)
(0.07) 1.5 (3/3)
(0.94-2.3) 0.22 (I/3)
(0.22) 16A 0.8 mi HNW 16A 0.8 mi NHW 16A 0.8 mi NNW 16A 0.8 mi NHW 16A 0.8 mi NNW 15S 0.5 mi NW 15S 0.5 mi NW 2.9 (I/I)
(2.9) 0.03 (I/I)
(0.03) 1.8 (I/I)
(I~ 8) 0.016 (I/I)
(0.016) 0.07 (I/I)
(0.07) 2.3 (1/1)
(2 3) 0.22 (I/1)
(0.22)
No Control Location Ho Control Location Ho Control Location
APPENDIX A (CONT.)
PREOPERATIOHAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM ANNUAL
SUMMARY
Susquehanna SES Berwick, Pa.
Docket No.: 50-387 8 50-388 January 1 to December 31, 1980 MEDIUM OR PATHWAY SAMPLED (UNIT OF MEASUREMENT)
TYPE AND TOTAL NUMBER OF ANALYSES PERFORMED LOWER LIMIT NUMBER OF OF DETECTION ALL INDICATOR LOCATIONS LOCATION WITH HIGHEST AHNUAL MEAN CONTROL LOCATION NONROUTINE (LLD) (1)
REPORTED RANGE DISTANCE 8 DIRECTION, RANGE RANGE MEASUREMENTS Pasture Grass (pCi/g-wet)
Arbient Radiation (mrem/std.
mo.)
Gama 14 Be-7 K-40 Zr-95 Nb-95 ZrHb-.95.
Ba-140 La-140 BaLa-140 Ce-144 TLD 186 1.0 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.08 3.8'(7/14)
(0.6-11) 4.4 (13/14)
(0.6-7.5) 0.26 (1/2)
(O.26) 0.31 (1/2)
(0.31)
- (O/12) 0.7 (1/1)
(O.7) 0.39 (1/1)
(0.39)
- (0/13) 0.2 (1/14)
(O.2) 6.17 (162/162)
(4.26-16 F 78) 15A1 0.9 mi NW BD1 3.2 mi SSE 15A1 0.9 mi NW 15A1 0.9 mi NW H/A 15A1 0.9 mi NW 15A1 0.9 mi NW N/A 15A1 0.9 mi NW 654 0.2 80'SE 4.4 (6/13)
(1.0-11) 4.8 (1/1)
(4.8) 0.26 (1/2)
(O.26) 0.31 (1/2)
(O.31)
N/A 0.7 (1/1)
(O.7)-
0.39 (1/1)
(O.39)
N/A 0.2 (1/13)
(O.2) 13.22 (2/2)
(9.66-16.78)
Ho Control Location 5.64 (24/24)
(3.99-7.04)
(2)
Ho detectable measuresnnts were found.
The LLDs quoted are the lowest actual LLD obtained in the various acedia during the reporting period.
A typical gamna LLD was determined for each searched for nuclide as found in Table C-27.
Where all nuclides were <LLD for a specific media no LLD was listed.
Strontium-89 and -90 are reported as minimum detectable levels (MDLs) rather than LLDs.
Mean and range based upon detectable neasurem'nts only.
Fraction of detectable measurements is indicated in parentheses.
n The mean (X) is defined as follows:
)I
=
E X,.
Where:
Xi
=
the activity of an individual measurement (i) i=1 n
=
number of total measurements
l l
l
APPENDIX B SAMPLE DESIGNATION
APPENDIX B Table B-I lists the sampling locations and includes both the distance and direction from the Susquehanna SES and the media sampled at each location.
Maps B-I and B-2 show the sampling locations with respect to the Susquehanna SES.
Sample Designation Samples are identified by a three part code.
The first two letters are the power station identification code, in this case "SS" for Susquehanna Steam Electric Station.
The next three letters are for the acedia sampled.
AIO
=
Air Iodine AQF
=
Fi sh AQS
=
Sedim nt APT
=
Air Particulates EWA
=
Effluent Water FPB
=
Food Products, Beef FPE
=
Food Products, Eggs FPF
=
Food Products, Fruit FPG
=
Food Products, Grain FPH
=
Food Products, Honey FPL
=
Food Products, Leafy Vegetables FPP
=
Food Products, Poultry FPV
=
Food Products, Vegetables GAD
=
- Game, Deer GMK
=
Goat Milk IDM
=
Inmersion Dose (TLD)
MET
=
Meat MLK
=
Milk PAS
=
Pasture Grass PWT
=
Potable Water, Treated RWA
=
Precipitation SWA
=
Surface Water WWA
=
Well Water VGT
=
Vegetation The last four symbols are a location code based on direction and distance from the site.
Of'these, the first two represent each of the 16 angular sectors of 22-1/2 degrees centered about the reactor site.
Sector one is divided evenly by the north axis and other sectors are numbered in a clockwise direction; i.e.,
2=NNE, 3NE, 4=ENE, etc.
The next digit is a letter which represents the radial distance from the station:
S
=
Si te '
ocati on (I)
E
=
4-5 miles off-site A
=
O-l miles off-site F
=- 5-10 miles off-site B
=
1-2 miles off-site G
=.10-20 miles off-site C
=
2-3 miles off-site H
=
>20 miles off-site D
=
3-4 miles off-site The last nuoher is the station nuoerical designation within each sector and zone; e.g. l. 2, 3,...
Specific information about the individual sampling locations is given in table B-l.
Maps B-1 and B-2 show the locations of sampling stations with respect to the site.
1.
Site is defined as that area within PPSL's property boundary.
TABLE B-1 SUSQUEHANNA SES RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM SAMPLING LOCATIONS 1980 LOCATION CODE DESCRIPTION*
SAMPLE TYPES IND~
1S2 2S2 2S3 3S1 3S3 3S4 4S1 4S2 4S3 5Sl 5S4 5S6 5S7 5S8 0.2 mile N, Security Fence 0.9 mile NNE, Energy Information Center 0.2 mile NNE, Security Fence 1.0 mile NE, Off Route 11 0.5 mile NE, Recreational Area 0.3 mile NE, Security Fence 1.0 0.5 0.2 mile mile mlle ENEy Susquehanna River Flnnh Plein ENE, Site - Peach Stand ENE, Security Fence 0.8 mile E, North of Biological Consultants 0.8 mile E, West of Biological Consultants 0.8 mile E, Biological Consultants 0.2 mile E, Security Fence 0.8 mile E, Area under power line 0.9-1.4 mile ESE, At or below Discharge structure AQF IDM
- APT, IDM IDM IDM IIN IIN IDM WWA IDM IDM APT,AIO,IDM,RWA FPL IIN SWA 6S4 6S5 0.2 0.9 mile ESE, Security Fence mile ESE, Outfall Area IDM SWA 7S1 7S3 0.2 mile SE On 230 KV tower 0.2 mile SE, Security Fence IDM IDM 0.2 mile SSE, Security Fence IDM 9S1 10S1 11S2 11S3 12S3 13S2 13S3 14S2 14S3 0.3 mile 0.4 mile S, Security Fence SSW, Security Fence 0.4 mile SW, Golonb House 0.3 mile SW, Security Fence 0.4 mile WSW, Security Fence 0.4 mile W, Security Fence 0.6 mile W, Site Boundary 0.4 mile WNW,'ecurity Fence 0.4 mile MNW, Site Boundary IDM IIN APT,AIO,IIN,RWA IDM IDM IIN VGT IIN VGT 50
TABLE B-l (cont.)
SUSQUEHANNA SES RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM SAMPLING LOCATIONS 1980 LOCATION CODE DESCRIPTION*
SAMPLE TYPES 15S***
15S3 16S1 1Al 6A3 7A1 llA2 11A3 15Al 15A3 15A4
] 6'*%
16A2 2B***
283 0.5 mile NW, Site Area 0.3 mile NW, Security Fence 0.3 mile NNW, Security Fence 0.6 mile N, Thomas Residence 0.6 mile ESE, State Police 0.4 mile SE, Kline Residence 0.6 mile SW, Shortz Residence 0.7 mile SW, Sink Farm 0.9 mile NW, Serafin Farm 0.9 mile NW, Serafin Farm 0.9 mile NW, Serafin Farm 0.8 mile NNW, Qsinski Farm 0.8 mile NNW, Rysinski Farm 1.6 miles NNE, Gould Island 1.3 miles NNE, Luzerne Outerware VGT IDM IDM IDM IDM IDM IDM FPL,FPV PAS IDM WWA GAD IDM AQS IDM 78***
7B2 7B3 8B1 1.2 miles 1.5 miles 1.7 miles 1.4 miles SE, Bell Bend SE, Heller's Orchard SE, Council Cup
- SSE, Gale Residence AQS
- FPF, FPH IDM IDM 981 10B2 1.3 miles S, Transmission Line East of Route ll 2.0 miles SSW, Algatt Residence APT,AIO,IDM IDM 1281 12B2 12B3 12B4 1.3 miles 1.7 miles 2.0 miles 1.7 miles WSW, Kisner Farm WSW, Shultz Farm WSW, Young Farm WSW, Shultz Farm FPE, FPF,FPG,FPP MLK MLK,FPB I DM 16B1 6C1
))C~*
1.6 miles NNW, Walton Power Line 2.7 miles
- ESE, Moyer Farm 2.6 miles SW, Hess Island IDM MLK AQS 51
TABLE B-1 (cont.)
SUSQUEHANNA SES RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM SAMPLING LOCATIONS 1980'OCATION CODE DESCRIPTION*
SAMPLE TYPES 1D2 1D3 1D5 3D1 8D1 8D2 9D1 10D1 10D2 11D1 12D2 12D3 1E1 4El 5El 5E2 6E1 3.4 miles NE, Pond Hill 3.2 miles SSE, Poltrock Farm 4.0 miles
- SSE, Nowry Residence 3.6 miles S, Smith Farm 3.0 miles
- SSW, Ross Ryman Farm 3.0 miles
- SSW, Ross Ryman Farm 3.3 miles SW, Zehner Farm miles WSW, Dogastin Farm miles WSW, Dogastin Residence 3.7 3.7 4,5 miles N, Lane 'Residence ENE, Pole ¹46422 N35-197 4.8 miles 4.5 miles E, Bloss Farm 4.5 miles E, Bloss Farm 4.7 miles ESE, St.
James Church 4.0 miles N, Near Nocanaqua Substation 3.9 miles N, Near Hocanaqua Substation 3.9.miles N, Shickshinny Sewage Treatment Facility APT, IDH,RWA SWA EWA APT, IDH GMK, PAS IDM IDH MLK,FPP,HET IDN FPG,FPL,FPV HLK IDN IDM IDH MLK IDM IDM 7El llE1 12E1 12E3 4.2 miles 4.7 miles 1.7 miles 4.7 miles SE, Harwood Trans.
Line Pole ¹2 SW, Jacobsen Residence WSW, Berwick Hospital WSW, Food Bag, Berwick IDM IDM IDM FPV 13E1 13E3 13E4 14E1 2F1 2F2 3F1 4.5 miles W, Glen Brook Reservoir 5.0 miles W, Dent Farm 4.1 miles W, Kessler Farm 4.1 miles WNW, Knouse Farm 5.9 miles NNE, St. Adalberts Ceo@tery 7.2 miles NNE, Retreat Bridge
- 9. 1 miles NE, Valania Residence SWA HLK IDM IDM IDH SWA IDN 52
TABLE B-l (cont.)
SUSQUEHANNA SES RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM SAMPLING LOCATIONS 1980 LOCATION CODE DESCRIPTION*
SAMPLE TYPES 7Fl 9.0 miles SE, Conyngham School IDM 12F1 12F2 12F3 12F4 12F5 15F1 16F1 5.4 miles NW, Zawatski Farm 7.8 miles NNW, Hidlay Residence 5.3 miles WSW, Berwick Bridge 5.2 miles WSW, Berwick Substation 5.2 miles WSW, Berwick Water Co.
8.3 miles WSW, Lupini Farm 8.6 mile WSW, Seescholtz Farm SWA IDM WWA,PWT FPV FPV IDM IDM 2'k 3G1 3G2 4G1 30 15ll 14 miles NNE, Near Falls, PA miles NE, Lower Bridge Plymouth miles NE, Nanticoke Bridge miles ENE, Mountain Top - Ind. Park AQF SWA SWA IDM 7G1 10G1 12Gl 12G2 12G4 2H1 3H1 3H2 3H3 7H1 8H1 12H1 12H2 14 15 17 10 21 16 17 19 47 92 26 26 miles miles miles mi1 es mi 1 es mil es mi1 es miles miles miles miles miles mi1 es SE, Hazelton Chem Lab S, Davis Farm WSW, Bloomsburg, PA WSW, between Bloomsburg and Berwick, PA
- SSW, Kinery Residence NNE, Yalick's Produce Near. Dallas NE, WB Horton St. Substation NE, WB Service Center NE, Market St. Bridge SE, PPSL roof, Allentown
- SSE, RMC roof, Philadelphia WSW, Merck Co.
WSW, Danville Water Company IDM MLK APT,IDM,RWA SWA IDM FPL,FPG
$ FPV IDM IDM SWA APT,AIO,IDM IDM SWA PWT All distances measured from vent.
No actual location is indicated since fish are sampled over an area which extends through 3 sectors (5,
6 and 7) near the outfall area.
~* Station code is omitted, because no permanent locations exist and are based on availability.
53
1 16~~
252 23
~ '
y(flip
~
a 3S3 152 253 1SS3 16S1
~
452 1453 1452 13S 3
~ 1352 1253 r
1153
~
~
105 1152 3S4 453 r
~ 5S7
~ 654 4753 9S1 551 554 556 550
.6cS Vyf /
1 mi(e 0
~ r.
r I
NP B-I ON SITE ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS - SUSOUEKAHHA SES
MAP B-2 OFF SITE ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS -
SUSQUEHANNA SES (30 nl ~ free Site)
Wlsl H I OK 1611 I,
I'
/
r
//
r 2F2 2g
~ttl qoc) 2FI till ~y (21 ni, fron Site 31]
e 383 (19 al. froa slee)
HANIICO K6
'3)lt
$ ]7 ni. frcn site)
'16 ai. Iron site) 301 I'Q (IS al. Iron slee) 3CI (II al ~ froa slee)
( 1%
I K
]E]
2 e
151 I 5NICK SHIN Y
ID3
'AI M CANAOUA 401 (13.91 ni; I frcn Site)
I 1
301.
14EI 4EI
)3 4rr 8
( 13(1 13E3
<<(4 c
c II I
I Ir BZ Bl
<<84c~r/
IIBf 1214 (8.3 al I
~ froa slee) 8.4 Mroa ~
12E BERWICr
~ r 12 (I
12I'11 It 26 11'26
(
lce) g I
<<C IIO at. Iron ~Ics 12EI
.::,:;. ~
tft.r. '"'
IIDI~
C H~~r.]IFI 5 s,l. fran site illrr ai. fcm.site 1lEI
,2 al. froa site) 1681
]6Ae 16A 1543 SA4 ~
e
]A2e IIA e
981 28 283 I
1 18 e 183r(
- 182, 881 c
rr 2
901 601
~ 1E I 5EI CE2 6EI r
fj r
6 rr I
I/
r r
J 1)
JI
//
I/
\\II cI cI 11 J
)0 I
1 I
c IOC I 14 ni. fran site)
J r
II II BIII (92 nl. Iron lite) 111 9 ai. freer site)
I 1CI I
(14 nf. fron site)
")KI (41 nl. frrn Site) 55
I
APPENDIX C DATA TABLES
APPENDIX C
DATA TABLES TABLE NO.
TABLE TITLE PAGE C-1 Waterborne Pathwa Concentrations of Beta Emitters in Surface Water Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES 61 C-2 C-3 Concentrations of Gamma Emitters in Surface Water Samples in the. vicinity of Susquehanna SES-62 Concentrations of Iodine-131 in Surface Water and Effluent Water Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES ---
63 C-4 Concentrations of Tritium and Strontium-89 and -90 in quarterly Composite Samples of Surface Water in the vicinity of Susque-hanna SES 65 C-5 C-6 Concentrations of Beta Emitters in Well Water Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES-Concentrations of Gamma Emitters in Well Water Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES-66 67 C-7 Concentrations of Alpha Emitters and Tritium in quarterly Composite Samples of Well Water in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES 68 C-8 Concentrations of Beta Emitters and Gamma Emitters in Drink-ing (Potable)
Water Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES 69 C-9 Concentrations of Iodine-131 in Drinking (Potable)
Water Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES 70 C-10 C-11 C-12 Concentrations of Alpha Emitters, Tritium and Strontium-89 and
-90 in quarterly Composite Samples of Drinking (Potable)
Water in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES 71 Concentrations of Gamma Emitters in Sediment Samples from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES ---
72 Concentrations of Alpha Emitters and Strontium-89 and -90 in Sediment Samples from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES 73 Airborne Pathwa C-13 Concentrations of Beta Emitters in Air Particulate Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES-74 59
APPENDIX C (cont.)
DATA TABLES TABLE NO.
C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 TABLE TITLE
/ Airborne Pathwa (cont.)
Concentrations of Gaoma Emitters in quarterly Composites of Air Particulate Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES----
Concentrations of Alpha Emitters, Strontium-89 and -90 in quarterly Composites of Air Particulate Samples in the vicin-ity of Susquehanna SES W
Concentrations of Iodine-131 in Filtered Air in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES Concentrations of Tritium and Gamma Emitters in Precipitation Samples in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES In estion Pathw PAGE 77 80 81 83 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 Concentrations of Iodine-131 in Milk in the vicinity of Sus-quehanna SES
~
0 Concentrations of Gamna Emitters and Strontium-89 and -90 in Milk in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES ---
Concent'rations of Gamma Emitters and Strontium-89 and -90 in Fish Flesh in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES Concentrations of Ganma Emitters in Various Food Products in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES Concentrations of Gamma Emitters in Meat Samples in the vicin-ity of Susquehanna SES Concentrations of Ganja Emitters in Game Samples
.in the vici'n-ity of Susquehanna SES Concentrations of Garana Emitters in Vegetation in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES Concentrations of Gamma Emitters in Pasture Grass in the vicin-ity of Susquehanna SES 0
Direct Radiation 85 88 90 91 92 93 C-26 Results of quarterly TLD Measurements in the vicinity of Susquehanna SES 94 C-27 Typical LLDs for Gamma Spectrometry 60 97
TABLE C-1 CONCENTRATIONS OF BETA EHITTERS IN SURFACE WATER SABLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 i 2 sigma STATION NO.
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL HAY JUNE SS-SWA-558 SS-SWA-655 SS-S WA-1D3 SS-SWA-13E1 SS-SWA-12F 1 SS-S WA-12G2 SS-SWA-12H1 Monthly Average 3.7t1.8 1.8i1.7
- 1. Btl.j 3.0t1.8 3.7+1.9 2.7t1.8 2.8t1.7 2.1t1.9 5.0+2. 1
<2.9
<2.9 2.4t1.9
<2.9 3;Ot2.0 5.7+2.0 3.4i1.8 l.7tl. 7 5.7t2.0 6.7t2. 1 5.0t2.0 4.7t3.7
<2.8
<2.8
<2. 8
<2.8 2.5+1.9
<2.8 2.8i0.2
<2.7
<2.8
<2. 7
<2.7 2.2i1.9 4.3i2.0 2.9t1.4 3.lt2.0 2.3t1.9
<2.9 2.0t1.9 4.1+2.1
<2.9 2.9+1.5 STATION NO.
JULY AUGUST SEPTEHBER OCTOBER NOVENBER DECEMBER YEARLY AVERAGE SS-SWA-5SB SS-SWA-655 SS-SWA-103 SS-SWA-13E1 SS-SWA-12F1 SS-SWA-12G2
. SS-SWA-12H1 Monthly Average
<2.8
<2.8
<2.8
<2.8 3.5t2.0 2.4t1.9 2.9t0.7 3.3i1.8 2.8i1.7
<2.4 3.8t1.8
<2.4 1.9tl. 7 2.8+1.4 2.2t1.6 3.8t1.7('~
4.2+1.8
<2. 1 2.8t1.6 2.8+1.6
- 2. 3t1.6 2.9t1.6 3.4t1.9 2.6i1.9 2.8+1.5 1.5i1.4 5.2t1.7 3.7t1.6 2.3t1.8 3.1t2.4 1.8+1.5 2.3i1.6 2.5+1.9
<2.7 3.9t2.0 2.6i1.9 2.lt1.5 2.6i1.3
<2.0
<2.0 3.1+1.6
<2.4
- 2. lt1.5 2.0+1.5
<2.0 2.2i0.8 Grand Average 3.0i2.1 2.7t1.6 3.0+1. 7 2.4t1.0 3.3i2 ~ 3 3.2t2.6 2.8tl.9 2.9t2.0 No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
(I)
Surface water station SS-SWA-6S5 was initiated on 9-10-80.
TABLE C-2 CONCENTRATIONS OF GARB EMITTERS* IN SURFACE WATER SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1
+ 2 sigma STATION NO.
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL JUNE SS-SWA-5SB SS-SWA-6S5 SS-SWA-1D3 SS-SWA-13E I SS-SWA-12Fl SS-SWA-12G2 SS-SWA-12H1 All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD Al1 <LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD Al 1 <LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD Al1<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD STATION NO.
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER SS-SWA-5S8 SS-SWA-6S5 All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD SS-SWA-ID3 All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD SS-SWA-13E1 All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD SS-SWA-12FI All<LLD All<LLD Al1 <LLD Al 1 <LLD SS-SWA-12G2 All<LLD All<LLD Al 1 <LLD All<LLD SS-SWA-12H1 Al 1 <LLD Al 1 <LLD All<LLD Al 1 <LLD Typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
(I)
Surface water station SS-SWA-6S5 was initiated on 9-10-80.
All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD Al 1 <LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD
TABLE C-3 CONCEttTRATIONS OF IODINE IN SURFACE MATER AND EFFLUENT WATER SAHPLES It( THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1
+ 2 sigma STATION NO.
JANUARY FEBRUARY HARCH APRIL JUNE SS-SWA-558 SS-SWA-1D3 SS-SWA-13El SS-SMA-12F 1
<0.2
<0.1
<0. 1 0.2410.06
<0. 1
<0;09
<0.1 0.6%.1
<0. 1
<0.09
<0.07
<0. 1
<0.1
<0.08
<0.1
<0. 1
<0.09
- 0. 14'.06
<O.l
<0.1
<0.2
<0.1
- 0.35x0.09
<0.1 ( 1)
<0.1
<O.l
<0.1
- 0. 17+0.08
<0.1 SS-SWA-12G2 SS-SMA-12H1
<0. 1
<0.1 0.9%. 1
<0.1
<0. 1
<0.08
<0.09
<0.09
<0. 1
<0.1
<0. 1
<0.1 STATION NO.
JULY AUGUST SEPTEHBER OCTOBER NOVEHBER DECEHBER SS-SWA-5S8 SS-SWA-655 SS-SWA-103 SS-SWA-13E1 SS-SWA-2F2
<0.2
<0.2
<0. 1
<0.1 (5)
<0.2
<O.l
<0. 1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1 (3)
<O.l (4)
<0.1
<0. 1
<0. 1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1 (2)
<0.2
<0.1
<0.2
<0.1
<0.1
<0. 1 0.2+0. 1
<0. 1
<0.1
<0.2 (6) 0.3+0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.1
<0.2 0.3a0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.1 0.18+0.09
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.2 0.3410.07 0.410.1
<0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<O.l 0.3010.07
<0.3
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
TABLE C-3 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF IODINE-131 IN SURFACE WATER AND EFFLUENT WATER SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUStlUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 a 2 sigma STATION NO.
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER SS-SWA-12F I SS-SWA-3G1 SS-SWA-3G2 SS-SWA-12G2 SS-SWA-3H3
<0.2
<0.1
<0.08
<0.2
<0. 1
<0.1
<0.09 0.28+0.06 0.33+0.08
<0.1
<0. 1
<0. 1
<0. 1
<0. 1 0.27%.07
<0.2
<0. 1
<O.l
<0.2 0.4%. I
<0. 1
<0.2 (7) 0.11+0.06
<0.2 (8)
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2 (10) 0.2+0. 1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.1
<0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.09
<0.2 0.20a0.09
<0.2
<0.2
<0.1
<0.1 0.5210.08 0.410.1
<0.1
<0.2
<0.1 0.43+0.08
<0.2 0.14%.06
<0.1
<0.1 0.55a0.09 0.3'.1
<0.1 (9)
(9) 0.18'.06 0.2410.07
<0.2
<O.l
<0.1
<0.1 SS-SWA-12H1
<0. 1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0. 1
<0.1 SS-EWA-1D5
<0.2 (11)
<0.1
<0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2 (4I (6)
(7)
Is (10)
No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
Weekly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-SWA-12F1 on 5-13-80.
Weekly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-.SWA-5S8 on 10-1-80 but inadvertently not collected on 10-8-80 and 10-15-80.
Surface water station SS-SWA-6S5 was initiated on 9-10-80.
Weekly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-SWA-1D3 on 9-4-80.
Monthly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-SWA-2F2 on 7-31-80.
Weekly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-SWA-2F2 on 10-1-80 but inadvertently not collected on 10-8-80'and 10-15-80.
Weekly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-SWA-3G1 on 10-22-80.
Weekly iodine analysis'was initiated at station SS-SWA-3G2 on 10-22-80.
No sample was received because the river was frozen.
Weekly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-SWA-3H3 on 10-22-80.
Monthly iodine analysis was initiated at station SS-EWA-1D5 on 7-31-80.
TABLE C-4 CONCENTRATIONS OF TRITIUM>> AND STRONTIUM-89>>>> AND -90 IN QUARTERLY COMPOSITE SAMPLES OF SURFACE WATER IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 a 2 sigma STATION NO.
RADIOACTIVITY JAN to MARCH APRIL to JUNE JULY to SEPT OCT DEC SS-SWA-558 H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-SWA-655 H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-SWA-ID3 H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-SWA-13E1 H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-SWA-12F1 H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-SWA-1262 H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-SWA-12H1 H-3
- Sr-89 Sr-90 159a77
<0.6 0.40.3
<123
<0.6 0.3'.3
<123
<0.6
<0.4 92476
<0.6 0.3%.3 168a77
<0.6
<0.4
<123
<0.6
<0.4
<108
<0.7 0.4-0.3
< 108
<0.6
<0.4
< 108
<0.9 0.4%.3
< 108
<0.7
<0.4 161467
<0. 7 0.4'.3
<108
<2.1 0.8io. 7 91157
<2.4
<1.0 102176 0.9+0.7
<0.5
<93
<0.9
<0.4 63~%7
<2.0
<0.9 96-57
<1.0
<0.5
<93
<1.9
<0.9 123a85
<l. 1
<0.5 122i85
<1 ~ 1
<0.5
<123
<0.7
<0.4'123
<0.8 0.4+0.3
<123
<0. 7 0.4'.3 149+77
<0.7 0.4+0.3
<137
- 0. 7'.6 0.5+0.3
- Positive tritium results are reported when the 2 sigma counting error is less than the results.
In some cases, positive results to be reported are lower than the calculated LLDs.
For clarification, check the method of calculation
- fomd in Appendix D, Analysis of Saaples for Tritium.
- Sw89 results are corrected for decay to the sarrple stop date.
No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
(1) Surface water station SS-SWA-6S5 was initiated on 9-10-80.
TABLE C-5 CONCENTRATIONS OF BETA EMITTERS It) WELL WATER SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 a 2 sigma STATION NO.
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL JUNE SS-WWA-4S2 SS-WWA-15A4 SS-WWA-12F3
- 3. 411. 8
<2.5
- 2. 021. 9
<2.9
<2.5
<2.8 2.1+1.7
<2.8 3.4+1.8 (1) 5.1+2.0
<2.8
- 1. 9+1. 8
<2.8
<2.9 3.822.1
<2.9 STATION NO.
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER SS-WWA-4S2 SS-WWA-15A4
<2.8 2.7+1.9
<2.4 2.3+1.7
<2.2 5.0+1. 8 SS-WWA-12F3 4.6'. 1
<2.4
<2.2 No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
(1)
Well water station SS-WWA-15A4 was initiated on 3-26-80.
- 1. 4+1. 3 3.8+1.6 2.3+1.5
<1.4 4.6+2.0
<2.7
<2.4
- 5. 0+1. 7
<2.4
TABLE C-6 CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMtQ EMITTERS* IN WELL WATER SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUS(}UEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1
+ 2 sigma STATION NO.
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL JUNE SS-WWA-452 SS-WWA-15A4 SS-WWA-12F3 Al1 <LLD All<LLD All<LLD Al1<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD(I)
All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD
'll<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD
. STATION NO.
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER SS-WWA-4S2 SS-WWA-15A4 SS-WWA-12 F3 Al1 <LLD All<LLD Al 1 <LLD Al 1 <LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD All<LLD Al 1 <LLD All<LLD All<LLD Al 1 <LLD All<LLD All<LLD All other gamma emitters searched for were
<LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
(I)
Well water station SS-WWA-15A4 was initiated on 3-26-80.
TABLE C-7 CONCENTRATIONS OF ALPHA EHITTERS AND TRITIUM IN QUARTERLY COMPOSITE SAMPLES OF WELL WATER. IN THE VICINITY OF SUS(UEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1
+ 2 sigma STATION NO.
RADIOACTIVITY JAN to MAR APR to JUN
~ JUL to SEPT OCT to DEC SS-WWA-4S2 Alpha Tritium SS-WWA-15A4 Alpha Tritium 2.5+1.4
<123
<0.9 (1)
<123 1.611.2
< 107
<0.9
<107
<2.5 111176
<1.6 106+76 2.1+1.6
<123
<1.0
<121
. SS-WWA-12F3 Alpha Tritium
<0.9 89+76
<1.8
'2.7
<107 150176
<1.8 112~75 (1)
Well water station SS-WWA-15A4 was initiated on 3-26-80; therefore, the results are for.Mar'ch sampling only.
TABLE C-8 CONCENTRATIONS OF BETA EMITTERS AND GAICQ" EMITTERS IN POTABLE (DRINKING) WATER SAMPLES. IN THE VICINITY OF SUSqUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 i 2 sigma STATION NO.
RADIOACTIVITY JANUARY FEBRUARY APRIL JUNE SS-PWT-12F3 Beta Gambia Emitters SS-PWT-12H2 Beta Gamma Emitters 2.4il.8 All<LLD 2.2i1.7 Al1 <LLD
<2.9 All <LLD
<2.9 All<LLD 1.9i1. 7 All<LLD
- 2. 7i1.8
'All<LLD
<3. I All<LLD
<3. I Al 1 <LLD
<2.8 All<LLD
<2.9 Al1 <LLD
- 2. Ii2.0 All<LLD STATION NO.
RADIOACTIVITY JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER YEARLY AVERAGE SS-PWT-12F3 Beta
<2.8 Galena Emitters All<LLD SS-PWT-12H2
<2.4 All<LLD
<2.2 All<LLD 1.7+1.4 All<LLD
<2.7 All<LLD
- 2. 7i1.6 Al 1 <LLD 2.5i0.9 Beta Gambia Emitters 2.7i1.9 All<LLD 2.2i1.7 All<LLD 2.4il.6.
Al1 <LLD 3.1i1.9 All<LLD 2.8i1.6 All <LLD 2.0+1.4 All<LLD Beta Grand Average 2.6i0.8
- 2. 6i0.8 Typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
(I)
Sample not taken due to error in collection procedure.
TABLE C-9 CONCENTRATIONS OF IODINE-131 IN POTABLE (DRINKING) WATER SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES SS-P WT-12H2*
Results in Units of pCi/1 a 2 sigma APRIL JUNE JULY AUGUST
<0. 1
<0.2
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.2
<0. 1
<0. 1
<0.2
<0.5
<0.1
<0.08
<0.1
<0.2
<0.09
<0.09
<0.09
<0.2 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
<0.09
<0. 1
<0.2
- 0. 12+0. 05
<0.2
<0.1
<0.2
<0.2
<0. 1
<0.2
<0.2
<0. 1
<0.1 0.12+0.07
<0.2
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1 Weekly iodine analysis at station 12H2 was initiated on 4-21-80.
TABLE C-10 CONCENTRATIONS OF ALPHA EMITTERS, TRITIUM AND STRONTIUM-89*'AND -90 IN QUARTERLY COMPOSITE SAMPLES OF POTABLE (DRINKING) WATER IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1
+ 2 sigma STATION NO.
RADIOACTIVITY JAN TO MAR APRIL TO JUNE JULY TO SEPT OCT To DEC SS-PWT-12F3 Alpha.
H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-PWT-12H2 Alpha H-3 Sr-89 Sr-90
<0.8 113176
<0.7
<0.4
- 1. 3+1.0.
<123
<0.6
<0.4
<i.7 (1) 98a66
<1. 1 0.7'.4
<1.2
<107
<1. 1 1.0i0.4
<2.6 116+76
<1.9
<0. 8
<2.6 112+76
<1. 2
<0.5
<1.9 96+75
<0.9
<0.6
<2.1
<137 0.5+0.5
<0.4 Sr-89 results are corrected for decay to sample stop date.
( 1)
The May sample was not received; therefore, the composite consists of April and June samples only.
TABLE C-11 CONCENTRATIONS OF GAME EMITTERS* IN SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(dry) + 2 sigma STATION NO.
DATE SS-AQS-28**
4-21-80 9-23-80 SS-AQS-78~
4-21-80 9-23-80 SS-AQS-llC**
4-21-80 9-23-80 YEARLY AVERAGE Be-7 K>>40 Cs-137 Ra-226 Th-232
- 0. 3+0.2 5.5+0.6
- 0. 06+0. 02 0.4410.04 0.6+0. 1
<0.4 9.511.0
- 0. 10%. 03
- 0. 68%.07 0.8110.09-0.4+0.2 10*1 0.2+0.2 9.6+1.0 0.83+0.08 0.84%.08 0.75+0.08 0.82+0.08 0
- 0. 1010.03 0.04%.02 0.2+0. 1 7.3+0. 7 0.08+0.02 0.54+0.05 0.68+0.07 0.6+0.2 9.2+0.9 0.1Qi0.02 0.69+0.07 0.72a0.08
- 0. 4+0. 3 8.5+3. 5 0.08+0.05 0.7+0.3 0.8+0.2 All other gamma emitters searched for were
<LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
Station code is omitted because no exact locations exist; samples are taken based on availability.
TABLE C-12 CONCENTRATIONS OF ALPHA EMITTERS AND Sr-89* AND Sr-90 IN SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(dry) a 2 sigma STATION NO.
DATE SS-AQS-28**
4-21-80 9-23-80 SS-AQS-78**
4-21-80 9-23-80 SS-AQS-11C**
4-21-80 9-23-80 YEARLY AVERAGE Alpha Sr-89 Sr-90 9.4~4.4
<0. 1
<0.06 5.1+4.1
<0. 1
<0.05 lli5
<0. 1
<0.09 12%
<0. 1
<0.06 1525
<0.09
<0. 05 7.4~4.6
<O.l 0.04+0.04 1017 Sr-89 results are decay corrected to the sample stop date.
Station code is omitted because no exact sampling locations exist; samples are taken based on availability.
TABLE C-13 CONCENTRATIONS OF BETA ENITTERS IN AIR PARTICULATE SANPLES IN THE VICINITYOF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of 10 PCi/m
+ 2 sigma SANPLE START DATE SANPLE STOP DATE SS-APT-2S2 STATION SS-APT-SS4 SS-APT-1152 SS-APT-9B I SS-APT-102 SS-APT-3D1 SS-APT-12E1 SS-APT-50SQ AVERAGE 1-01-80 1-07-80 1-15-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-04-80 2-10-80 2-17-80 2-24-80 3-02-80 3-10-80 3-17-80 3-23-80 3-31-80 4-07-80 4-13-80 4-20-80 4-27-80 5-05-80 5-12-80 5-18-80 5-26-80 6-01-80 6-08-80 6-16-80 6-22-80 6-27-80 7-05-80 7-13-80 7-20-80 7-27-80 8-03-80 8-11-80 8-17-80 8-25-80 1-07-80 1-15-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-04-80 2-10-80 2-17-80 2-24-80 3-02-80 3-10-80 3-17-80 3-23-80 3-31-80 4-07-80 4-13-80 4-20-80 4-27-80 5-05-80 5-12-80 5-18-80 5-26-80 6-01-80 6-08-80 6-16-80 6-22-80 6-27-80 7-05-80 7-13-80 7-20-80 7-27-80 8-03-80 8-11-80 8-17-80 8-25-80 9-01-80 17i3 (3) 34i4 22i4 29i4 27i4 24i4 12i3 Ioi3 29i4 (I) 20i4( )
19i3 20i4 17i4 9i3 21i4 18i5 26i5 19i4 13i3 18i2 13i3 22i3 28i3 17i2 15i3 20i3 30i4 19i2 20i3 22i3 23i3 25t3 25i3 19i3 20i3 33i3 20i3 31i3 2li3 18i3 17i3 10i3 25i3 18i4 22i3 16i3 16i3 17i3 Bi2 16i3 16i3 18i3 14i3 12i3 18i3 12i3 18i3 22i3 17i6 16i2 16i3 28i4 19i2 18i3 20i3 18i3 24i2
~
23i3 17i3 17i2 28i3 24i4 29i4 23i3 19i3 12i2 16i4 19i3 24i5 24i3 12i2 15i3 16i4 10i2 lgi3 17i3 19i3 13i3 7i2 17i3 16i3 24i3 26i4 23i4 20i3 13i4 36i5 21i3 18i3 20i3 24i3 26i3 28i3 22i3 17i3 35i4 24i4 34i4 25+4 24i4 17i3 13i3 31i4 27i6 23i3 22i4 19i3 15i3 7t2 19i3 18i3 17 3 13i6 14i2 17i3 14i3 21i3 25i3 19i3 16i2 18i3 31i4 16i2 17i2 19i3 24i3 26i3 28i3 18i3 16i2 31i3 24i4 35i4 25i4 21i4 2li4 15+4 28i4 21i4 27i4 21i3 17i3 15i4 7i2 19i4 14i4 15i3 18i4 13i3 18i3 12i3 22i3 25i3 19i3 18t2 18i3 28i4 19i2 18i2 18i3 22i3 24i4 24i2 14+3 16i2 31i3 21i3 32i4 20i3 20i3 13i2 18i3 25i3 19i5 21i3 22i4 15i3 16i3 7i2 17i3 14i2 15t3 17i3 13i2 19i3 14i3 23~3 25i3 23i3 18+3 21~3 30i4 21i2 20i3 2li3 19i3 27i3 28i3 18i3<<)
(I) 35i4 27*3<<)
23i4 32 5 24 5 21i5 15i7 14i7 26i8 22ij 23i5 19i8 17i4 16i2 8i3 19i4 16i4 18i8 16i5 12i5 18i2 14i3 22i4 25i4 20i6 17i4 18i6 31i6 19i4 19i2 20i3 22i5 25i2 26+5 18i6 17i3 32i6
TACTILE C-13 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF BETA EMITTERS IN AIR PARTICULATE SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of 10 pCi/m a 2 sigma SAMPLE SAMPLE STATION START DATE STOP DATE SS-APT-2S2 SS-APT-SS4 SS-APT-11S2 SS-APT-981 SS-APT-ID2 SS-APT-3D1 SS-APT-12E1 SS-APT-50SQ AVERAGE 9-01-80 9-07-80 9-14-80 9-21-80 9-28-80 10-05-80 10-12-80 10-19-80 10-26-80 11-02-80 11-09 11-16-80 11-23-80 11-30-80 12-07-80 12-14-80 12-21-80 Average 9-07-80 9-14-80 9-21-80 9-28-80 10-05-80 10-12-80 10-19-80 10-26-80 11-02-80 11-09-80 11-16-80 11-23-80 11-30-80 12-07-80 12-14-80 12-21-80 12-28-80 22k3 21+3
.18 3 13t3 ljx3 16'2+4 IBs3 20t3 39K 33t4 35~4 47a5 40~4 68xj 44t5 64ej 3la32 20~A 19*3 13'2~2 18~3 16+3 163 14'6a3 32~3 3514 30a3 38a4 43a5 67xj 53x6 86%
24~28 17~2 2043 18t2 11~2 18s2 13'812 17~3 lje2 30%
40a4 28s3 41e4 47a5 63%
47~5 62a6 22e23 18'213 19+2 15a2 17~2 1413 20s3 15'6s3 3013 3313 28s3 43~4 48a5 69~7 46%5 5926 23x24 21~3 2313 18 2 12~2 19~2 14~2 21~3 13i2 17~3 3243 41+4 34+3 36~4 52x5 76a8 5115 66+7 24~26 1812 21t2 16~2 11*2 1%2 14+2 21t3 12~2 lga3 31a3 33k3 30s3 40~4 46a5 75a8 48x5 85+9 24128 2213 25x3 17*2 14a2 1%2 14a2 21e4 14a2 lja2 35x4 37~4 27i3 38a4 64el jltj 50+5 65aj 24126 19~2 20a3 Ijs2 12'812 15'7*3 13'7~2 31'313 29x3 45t5 4414 721 7 45%
68aj Grand Average 20t4 21'7+4 1313 1811 15'014 15'713 33a6 3617 30a6 4118 48a15 70ag 4816 69a21 24a27 1
2 3) 4 5
No result because the savpling station was not in operation.
Sample not received due to machine malfunction.
Sampling period was 2-25-80 to 3-02-80.
Sampling station was initiated on 8-19-80.
Sag>ling period was 8-18-80 to 8-25-80.
Saapling station was initiated on 8-25-80.
TABLE C-13 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF BETA EMITTERS IN AIR PARTICULATE SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of 10 PCi/m i 2 sigma SAMPLE
. START DATE SAMPLE STOP DATE SS-APT-12G1 SAMPLE START DATE SAMPLE STOP DATE SS-APT-7H1 AVERAGE 1-01-80 I"07"80 1-15-80 1-21-80 1-29-80 2-04-80 2-10-80 2-17-80 2-24-80 3-02-80 3-10-80 3-17-80 3-23-80 3-31-80 4-07-80 4-13-80 4-20-80 4-27-80 5-05-80 5-12-80 5-18-80 5-26-80 6-01-80 6-08-80 6-16-80 6-22-80 6-27-80 7-05-80 7-13-80 7-20-80 7-27-80 8-03-80 8-11-80 8-17-80 8-25-80 9-01-80 9-07-80 9-14-80 9-21-80 9-28-80 10-05-80 10-12-80 10-19-80 10-26-80 11-02-80 11-09-80 11-16-80 11-23-80 11-30-80 12-07-80 12-14-80 12-21-80 Average 1-07-80 1-15-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-04-80 2-10-80 2-17-80 2-24-80 3-.02-80 3-10-80 3-17-80 3-23-80 3-31-80 4-07-80 4-13-80 4-20-80 4-27-80 5-05-80 5-12-80 5-18-80 5-26-80 6-01-80 6-08-80 6-16-80 6-22-80 6-27-80 7-05-80 7-13-80 7-20-80 7-27-80 8-03-80 8-11-80 8-17-80 8-25-80 9-01-80 9-07-80 9-14-80 9-21-80 9-28-80 10-05-80 10-12-80 10-19-80 10-26-80 11-02-80 11-09-80 11-16-80 11-23-80 11-30-80 12-07-80 12-14-80 12-21-80 12-28-80 29i6 36t4 26i4 (I) 18i3 15i4 27i4 24i6 27i4 20i4 17i3 14i3 9i3 19i6 14i3 16i3 15i3 1li2 18i3 12i3 22 i'3 27i4 19i3 17i3 18i3 31i4 21i3 19i2 20i3 19i3 28i3 32i3 20i3 18i2 32i3 20i3 24i3 18i2 13i2 19i2 15i2 20i3 16i2 17t3 34i3 34i3 33i4 45i5 61i6 73i7 49i5 77i8 25i28 12-31-79 1-07-80 1-14-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-05-80 2-11-80 2-19-80 2-25-80 3-03-80 3-10-80 3-18-80 3-25-80 4-01-80 4-07-80 4-15-80 4-21-80 4-29-80 5-05-80 5-13-80 5-19-80 5-27-80 6-03-80 6-09-80 6-17-80 6-24-80 7-02-80 7-07-80 7-15-80 7-22-80 7-29-80 0 8 48 8-12-80 8-18-80 8-26-80 9-03-80 9-09-80 9-15-80 9-23-80 9-29-80 10"07-80 10-13-80 10-20-80 10-27-80 11-03-80 11-11-80 11-18-80 11-25-80 12-02-80 12-08-80 12-15-80 12-26-80 1-07-80 1-14-80
'1-21-80 1-28-80 2-05-80 2-11>>80 2-19-80 2-25-80 3-03-80 3-10-80 3"18-80 3-25-80 4-01-80 4-07-80 4-15-80 4-21-.80 4-29-80 5-05-80
'-13-80 5-19>>80 5-27-80 6-03-80 6-09-80 6-17-80 6-24-80 7-02-80 7-07-80 7-15-80 7-22-80 7-29-80 8-04-80 8-12-80 8-18-80 8-26-80 9-03-80 9-09-80 9-15-80 9-23-80 9-29-80 10-07-80 10-13-80 10-20-80 10-27-80 11-03-80 11-11-80 11-18-80 11-25-,80 12-02-80 12-08-80 12-15-80 12-26-80 12-30-80 18i3 36i4 17i3 18i4 17i3 13i2 17i2 14i2 21i3 19i4 18i3 13i2 7i2 17i3 14i2 16i2 lli2 12i2 14i2 llt2 20i2 22i3 19i3 14i2 12i2 18i2 23i3 19i4 27i5 23i4 32i3 34i4 17i4 21i2 35i4 26i4 25i4 20i3 14i3 16i3 17i3 19i3 12i3 17i3 53i5 6li6 32 i3 42i4 60i6 60i6 37i4 47i5 23i26 Grand Average 24i16 36 22i13 18i4 18il 14i3 22tl4 19i14 24i8 20il 18il 14il Bi3 18i3 14 16 13i6 12il 16i6 12il 21i3 25i7 19 16i4 15i8 25t18 22i3 19 24ilo 21i6 30i6 33i3 19i4 20i4 34i4 23i8 25il 19i3 13il 18i4 16i3 20il 14i6 17 44i27 48i38 33il 44i4 61il 67i18 43i17 62i42 24i27 76
TABLE C-14 CONCENTRATIONS OF GANA EHITTERS* IN QUARTERLY COHPOSITES OF AIR PARTICULATE SAHPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of 10 PCi/m a 2 sigma STATION NO.
AND DATE Be>>7 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Cs-137 SS-APT-2S2~
8-19-80 to 9-28-80 100117
<l.7
<1.8
<1.2
<1.6 9-28-80 to 12-28-80 Average 37ag 69a89 3.611.0 3.211.3 2.4%.9
<0. 7 SS-APT-SS4 1-01-80 to 3-31-80 3-31-80 to 6-27-80 6-27-80 to 9-28-80 9-28-80 to 12-28-80 Average 72a13 170117 65a8 39aS 871115
<0.6
- 3. 1%.8
<1,7
<1.9
<0.9 1.5a1.0
<1. 3
<0.9
<0.4 2.6'.9
<1.2 1.4'.7
<0.6
<0,6
)S-APT-11S2 1-01-80 to 3-31-80 3-31-80 to 6-27-80 6-27-80 to 9-28-80 9-28-80 to 12-28-80 Average 79a12 130a14 66a8 50ag 81169
<0.9
<0. 7
<0.6
- 4. 611. 0
<1.0
<l. 7
<0.9 2,8tl. 1
<0.9
<0.6 3.4iO. 7
<0.8 1.8%.8
<0.9
<0.5 77
TABLE C-14 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMMA EMITTERS* IN qUARTERLY COMPOSITES OF AIR PARTICULATE SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results 1n UnIts of 10 PCI/m i 2 sigma STATION NO.
AND DATE Be-7 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Cs-137 SS-APT-981 1-01-80 to 3-31-80 3-31-80 to 6-27-80 6-27-80 to 9-28-80 9-28-80 to 12-28-80
'verage 68i10 130i18 72i8 35i7 76i79
<0.9
<1.6
<0.6
- 3. lio.8
<1.5
<1.5
<0.9 1,1i0.8
<0.9
<0.9
<0.4 2.5i0.7
<0.8
<0.6
<0.6 SS-APT-102 1-01-80 to 3-31-80 3-31-80 to 6-27-80 6-27-80 to 9-28-80 9-28-80 to 12-28-80 Average 93i14 120i12 52i7 44i8 77i71
<0.9
<0.9 4.0i0.9
<1.7
<1.3 2.9i1.0
<0.9
<0.6 2.7i0.9
<1;4
<0.8
<0.6
<0.6 SS-APT-3D1 1-01-80 to 3-31-80 3-31-80 to 6-27-80 6-27-80 to 9-28-80 9-28-80 to 12-28-80 Average 89i15 170i18 73i8 42i7 94i109
<1.0
<0.9
<0. 6 3.0i0.8
<1.6
<1.9
<0.9 3.4il.o
<1.3
<0.9
<0. 4
- 3. IiO.7
<1.6 1.4i0.8
<0.6
<0.5 78
TABLE C-14 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMS EHITTERS* IN QUARTERLY CONPOSITES OF AIR PARTICULATE SAHPLES It( THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results
$ n Units of 10 pCI/m i 2 sigma STATION NO.
AND DATE Be-7 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103
~
Cs-137 Ce-141 SS-APT-12E1 1-01-80 to 3-31-80 3-31-80 to 6-27-80 6-27-80 to 9-28-80 9-28-80 to 12-28-80 Average SS-APT-12G1 1-01-80 to 3-31-80 3-31-80 to 6-27-80 6-27-80 to 9-28-80 9-28-80 to 12-28-80 Average SS-APT-7H1 12-31-79 to 4-01-80 4-01-80 to 7-02-80 7-02-80 to 9-29-80 9-29-80 to 12-30-80 Average Grand Average 59i10 130i13 67i8 30i8 72i84 94i16 150i18 75is 42i9 90igl 62i9 110il1 I
67i10 33i8 68i64
- 80i78,
<0.9
<0.9
<0.6 3.3i0.9
<1.5
<1.6
<0. 6 3.6i0.9
<0.9
<0.4
<0.8 6.7*1.1
<1. 7
<1. 3
<0.6 1.9i1.0
<3.5
<1.9
<0.9 2.4i1.0
<1.4
<0.9
<0.9
- 4. lil.1
<0.6
<0.9
<0.4 2.5iO. 7
<1.3
<0. 6 2.7i0,9
<0. 6
<0.4
<1.0 4.1i0.9
<0.9
<1.4
<0.8
<0.6
<1.6
<0.6
<0.6
<0.8 1.4i0.7
<0.6
<1.6
<0.9 1.9i0.8
<1,9
<1.4
<0.7 2.4i1.0
<1.3 3.2i1.0 All other gamma emltters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
(1)
SS-APT-2S2 began operation on 8-19-80; therefore, the third quarter composite contained only August and September saapl es.
TABLE C-15 CONCENTRATIONS OF ALPHA EMITTERS) STRONTIW-89* AND -90 IN QUARTERLY COMPOSITES OF AIR PARTICULATE SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUS(UEHANNA SES Results in Units of 10 pCi/m j 2 signa STATION NO.
RADIOACTIVITY JANUARY TO MARCH APRIL TO JUNE JULY TO SEPTEMBER OCTOBER TO DECEMBER YEARLY AVERAGE SS-APT-2S2 Alpha Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-APT-5S4 Alpha Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-APT-11S2 Alpha Sr-89 Sr 90 SS-APT-9B1 Alpha Sr 89 Sr-90 SS-APT-1D2 Alpha Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-APT-3D1 Alpha Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-APT-12E I Alpha Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-APT-12GI Alpha Sr-89 Sr-90 SS-APT-7H1 Alpha Sw89 Sr-90 2.38).5
<0.6 0.2j0.2 2.7j0.5
<0.4 0.2j0.2 2.5 j0.5
<0.5 0.3j0.2 3.2j0.5
<0.6
<0.3 3.3j0.6
<0.6 0.2 j0.2 2.0j0.4
<0.5 0.2j0.2 2.7j0.6
<0. 7 0.3j0.3 2.0j0.4
<0.4 0.2j0.2 2.9A.5
<1.4 0.7-0.3 1.2H).3
<1.8 1.1j0.4 1.5j0.4
<0.9 0.4 j0.2 0.2j0.1
<0.8 0.4j0.2
- 1. Ij0.3
<1.0 0.5j0.2
<0.1
<0.8 0.4j0.2 1.4 j0.4
<1.3 0.6+0.3 3.0j0.1
<0.8 0.2j0.2 2.5j0.6 (I)
<0.6 0.2j0.2 4.3 0.6
<0.3
- 0. 14Ã.07 3.8j0.5
<0.3 0.20+0.09 4.3j0.5
<0 '
0.22j0.09 4.9j0.5
<0.4 0.2j0.1 3.0j0.4
<0.4 0.2j0.1 3.6j0.5
<0.6 0.3j0.1 4.9j0.6
<0.3 0 23'0 08 4.58).8
<0.5 0.2j0.1 3.6j0.7
<2.8
<0.6 3.9j0.7
<2.5
<0.5 4.5 0.7
<2.1
<0.4 3.9 0.7
<3.9
<0.8 3.9j0.7 3.8 3.3
<1.0 3.7+0.6
<2.6
<0.5 3.6j0.6
<7.7
<1.5 4.8j0.7
<5.3
<1.0 4.6j0.8 2.8j1.9
<0.6 3.1 1.6 3.4j1.8 0.4j0.5 3.1j2.9 0.5j0.9 3.1j2.6 0.4j0.5 3.1j4.1 0.5j0.7 2.8j2.3 0.4j0.4 2.3j3.3 0.6j1.2 3.5j3.4 0.5j0.7 3.5j2.5 0.3+0.4 Sr-89 results are corrected for decay to the sanple stop date.
No result because the samplin9 station had not initiated operation.
TABLE C-16 CONCENTRATIONS OF IODINE-131* IN FILTERED AIR IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of 10 pCi/m a 2 signa START DATE STOP DATE SS-AIO-252 SS-AIO-554 SS-AIO-1152 SS-AIO-9B1 SS-AIO-12E1 SS-AIO-50SI)
START DATE STOP DATE SS-AIO-7H1 1-01-80 1-07-'80 1-15-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-04-80 2-10-80 2-17-'80 2-24-80 3-02-80 3-10-80 3-17-80 3-23-80 3-31-80 4-07-80 4-13-80 4-20-80 4-27-80 5-05-80 5-12-80 5-18-80 5-26-80 6-01-80 6-08-80 6-16-80 6-22-80 6-27-80 7-05>>80 7-13-80 7-20-80 7-27-80 8-03-80 8-11-80 8-17-80 8-25-80 1-07-80 1-15-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-04-80 2-10-80 2-17-80 2-24-80 3-02-80 3-.10-80 3-17-80 3-23-80 3-31-80 4-07-80 4-13-80 4-20-80 4-27-80 5-05-'80 5-12-80 5-18-80 5-26-80 6-01-80 6-08-80 6-16-80 6-22-80 6"27-80 7-05-80 7-)3-80 7-20-80 7-27-80 8-03-80 8-11-80 8-17-80 8-25-80 9-01-80
<64 5
<10
<13
<20
<11
<8. 1
<12
<12 (1)
<11 (2)
<9.9
<11
<9.6
<8.4
<9.5
<17
<11
<8.1
<6.2
<7.5
<11
<5.1
<11
<6. 1
<7. 7
<8.9
<8.5
<6.9
<7.8
<8.2
<8.9
<9.9
<5.4
<ll
<9.2
<56 (5)
<7.2
<9.5
<13
<7.6
<6. 7
<9.8
<12
<14
<7.5
<7.7
<8.2
<7.0
<7.2
<8.9
<12
<7.0
<7.3
.<6. 1
<6. 1
<ll
<5.8
<9.8
<23
<7.1
<8.9
<8.2
<7. 1
<7.7
<7.4
<6.7
<10
<5.9
<7.4
<7. 3
<65 (5)
<8.9
<13
<14
<8.5
<5.6
<21
<18
<20
<6.9
<6.9
<8.5
<8.8
<7. 9
<6.2
<12
<7.0
<7.6
<4.2
<6.6
<14 23 9
<17
<12
<9.9
<13
<ll
<8.2
<7. 7
<7.8
<11
<10
<6.1
<10
<9.3
<10 (5)
<7.2
<10
<14
<7.4
<5.3
<11
<17
<20
<7. 3
<12
<8.6
<7.8
<7.4
<5.9
<7.6
<6.2
<6.2
<6. 5
<5.4
<9.9
<6.3
<11
<8.9
<8.3
<9.0
<8. 1
<7.3
<7.0
<6.6
<8.7
<11
<6.8 (1)
<ll (4)
<9.0 (5)
<46 (5,6) 12-31-79 1-07-80 1-14-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-05-80 2-11-80 2-19-80 2-25-80 3-03-80 3-10-80 3-18-80 3-25-80 4-01-80 4-07-80 4-15-80 4-21-80 4-29-80 5-05-80 5-13-80 5-19-80 5-27-80 6-03-80 6-09-80 6-17-80 6-24-80 7-02-80 7-07-80 7-15-80 7-22-80 7-29-80 8-04-80 8-12-80 8-18-80 8-26-80 1-07-80 1-14-80 1-21-80 1-28-80 2-05-80 2-11-80 2-19-80 2-25-80 3-03-80 3-10-80 3-18-80 3-25-80 4-01-80 447-80 4-15-80 4-21-80 4-29-80 5-05-80 5-13-80 5-19-80 5-27-80 6-03-80 6-09-80 6-17-80 6-24-80 7-02-80 7-07-80 7-15-80 7-22-80 7-29-80 8-04-80 8-12-80 8-18-80 8-26-80 9-03-80
<9.3
<6.8
<6.2
<11
<5.8
<5.3
<4.1
<8.3
<5.6
<11
<4.8
<4.7
<4.6
<5;8
<4.9
<4.0
<3.5
<4.5
<6.1
<6.2
<3.4
<6.8
<4. 1
<4. 9
<3.0
<7.2
<8.1
<11
<11
<12
<26
<8.6
<8.5
<7.6
<56 (5)
TABLE C"16 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF IODINE-131* It( FILTERED AIR IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of 10 PCi/m3 q 2 sigma START STOP START DATE DATE SS-AIO-2S2 SS-AIO-5S4 SS-AIO-11S2.
SS-AIO-9BI SS-AIO-12EI SS-AIO-50SQ DATE STOP DATE SS-AIO-7H1 9-01-80 9-07-80 9-14-80 9-21-80 9-28-80 10-05-80 10-12-80 10-19-80 10-26-80 11-02-80 11-09-80 11-16-80 11-23-80 11-30-80 12-07-80 12-14-80 12-21-80 9-07-80 9-14-80 9-21-80 9-28" 80 10-05-80 10-12-80 10-19-80 10-26-80 11-02-80 11-09-80 11-16-80 11-23-80 11-30-80 12-07-80 12-14-80 12-21-80 12-28-80
<43 (5)
<14 (5)
<7. 4
<6.9
<6.2
<9.9
<7. 6
<8.4
<8. 1
<7. 7
<8. 1
<4. 7
<5. 7
<6. 7
<7. 7
<12
<15
<33 (5)
<11 (5)
<22
<5.5
<5.7
<8.4
<4.5
<5.4
<5.7
<5.4
<5.7
<4.2
<5.6
<7.3
<8.4
<13
<13
<31 (5)
<13 (5)
<5.2
<5.4
<4.7
<8.2
<4.4
<5.4
<5.1
<4.7
<5.3
<4.0
<5.0
<6.3
<5.1
<7.6
<6.7
<35 (5)
<ll (5)
<5.3
<4.8
<5.4
<7.7
<4.6
<5.5
<5.5
<5.2
<5.4
<3.6
<4.5
<7.2
<6.0
<ll
<8.3
<35 (5)
<12 (5)
<5.4
<5.2
<5.0
<7. 1
<6.8
<4.6
<4. 3
<5.1
<6.3
<4.3
<6.0
, <20
<7.2
<9.8
<7.8
<31 (5)
<10 (5)
<5.1
<5.0
<4.7
<6.4
<4.5
<7.7
<9.5
<4'
<4.8
<3.7
<5.4
<6.0
<7.0
<13
<10 9-03-80 9-09-80 9-15-80 9-23-80 9-29-80 10-07-80 10-13-80 10-20-80 10-27-80 11-03-80 11-11-80 11-18-80 11-25-80 12-02-80 12-08-80 12-15-80 12-26-80 9-09-80 9-15-80 9-23-80 9-29-80 10-07-80 10-13-80 10-20-80 10-27-80 11-03-80 11-11-80 11-18-80 11-25-80 12-02-80 12-08-80 12-15-80 12-26-80 12-30-80
<34 (5)
<22 (5)
<8.4
<6.8
<9.7.
<7.4
<9.5
<6.6
<6.8
<8.6
<7.4
<4.9
<3.0
<3. 1
<2. 7
<3. 7
<9.1 Iodine-131 results are decay corrected to sample stop date.
No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
No saaple was received.
Saapling period was 2-25-80 to 3-02-80.
Air iodine station SS-AIO-2S2 was initiated on 8-17-80.
Sampling period was 8-18-80 to 8-25-80.
High LLD due to delay in counting resulting from a detector malfunction.
Air iodine station SS-AIO-50SQ was initiated on 8-25-80.
TABLE C-17 COHCEtiTRATIONS OF TRITIUM AND GARO EMI'ITERS* IH PRECIPITATION SN4'LES~
IH THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 a 2 sigma STATION HO.
RADIOACTIVITY APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER YEARLY AVERAGE SS-RWA-554 Tritium
<231 112~
<139
<211
< 149 Galena Emitters Be-7 45$
<12
< 10
<9.9 46111
<151
< 167
<8. 2 126170 32sll 22i33 SS-RHA-IIS2 Tritium Gambia Emitters Be-7
<8.4 69a12 43ill 51+11 66+11
<231
<136
<139
<211
<149
<151
<10
<167
<8. 1
<112 19111 34a52 SS-RHA-102 Tritium
<231
<136
<139
<211
<149 Gambia Emitters Be-7 58al0 32a12 49+10 31ill 110~13
<151 44a12
<167 20 10
<112 40all 48a55 SS-RHA-12GI Tritium Gamma Emitters Be-7 33x10 50113 35i10 5019 59110
<231 99-85
<139
<211
<149
<151 19ill
<167 32a10
<112 42*13 Be-7 Grand Average 40a26 36a46 All other gamna emitters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
Precipitation saspling was initiated at all stations on 4-01-80.
(1)
Ho precipitation was collected because of weather conditions.
TABLE C-18 CONCENTRATIONS OF IODINE-131* IN MILK IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 t 2 sigma STATION No.
JANUARY FEBRUARY APRIL HAY JUNE SS-HLK-1282 SS-HLK-12B3 SS-HLK-6CI SS-HLK-IOD1 SS-HLK-1202 SS-MLK-5E1 SS-HLK-13E3 SS-MLK-IOG1 SS-GHK-BDI
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1 (4)
<0.07
<0.09
<O.O9(')
<0.1
<0 09(2)
<0.09 (4)
<0.1
<0.09
<0.1
<0.2
<0.1
<0.1 (4)
<0.09
<0.1
<0.08
<0.1
<0.08
<o.08(>>
<0.08 (4)
<0.1
<0.1
<0. 1
<0.1
<0. 1
<0.1
<0.1
<0. 1
<0.09
<0.1
<0.09
<0.1
<0.09
<0.08
<0.1
<0.09 STATION NO.
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER (5)
NOVEHBER DECEMBER SS-HLK-1282 SS-HLK-1283 SS-HLK-6CI SS-HLK-IOD1 SS-HLK-1202 SS-HLK-SEl SS-HLK-13E3 SS-MLK-10G1
<0.09
<0. 1
<0.09
<0.1
<0.1
<0.09
<0.1
<0.09,
<0.09
<0.09
<0.09
<0.1(6)
<0.09
<0.08
<0.1
<0.08
<0.09
<0.08
<0.08
<0.09
<0.09
<0.08
<0.1
<0.09
<0.09
<0.09
<0.1
<0.09
<0.09
<0.1
<0.09
<0.08
<0.08
<0.09
<0.1
<0. 1 1.6%.2 0.27%.07
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1 0.4610. 08
<0.08
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.09 0.51x0.09 (4)
SS-GMK-BD1'0. I
<0. 1
<0.1
<0. 3 1.7x0.2 Iodine-131 results are corrected for decay to the sample stop date.
No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
I Station SS-HLK-6C1 was initiated on 2-29-80.
2 Station SS-MLK-SE1 was initiated on 2-29-80.
3 Station SS-MLK-13E3 was initiated on 5-02-80.
4 Milk was not available January through April and in Dece&er because the goat was dry.
(5)
Two samples were analyzed from stations
- 1282, 1283, 10DI and IOG1 in October due to a nuclear weapons test by the Peo les Republic of China.
y e
eop es (6)
Station SS-HLK-12D2 was initiated on 8-30-80.
TABLE C-19
.CONCENTRATIONS OF GAHMA EHITTERS* AND STRONTIUM-89** AND -90 IN MILK IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 i 2 sigma STATION NO.
NUCLIDE JANUARY FEBRUARY APRIL JUNE SS-HLK-12B2 SS-HLK-1283 SS-MLK-6C1 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 1700i170
<1.4
<2.5 1.6il, 1 1400i140
<1.4
<2.7 7.5il. 3 1400i140
<1.2 1.7il.l 1.0%.9 1300i130 2.9il. 1
<l. 7 6.5i0.9 1300il30 (3)
<1.2
<3.0
- 5. 2i1.2 1400i140
<1.6
<2.3 1.5i1.0 1300il30
<1.6
<3.2 5.9il.4 1800i180
<1.4
<2.8 4.3i1.3 1800i180
<1,1
<3.6
<2.2 1400i140 2.8i1.2
<3.4 2.3i1.4 1500i150
<1 ~ 2
<2.8
- 3. 3i1.2 1800i180 2.1il. 1
<7.4 4.0i1,6 1400+140 4.2 1.2 1600i160 2.2i1.2
<12 (4)
<7.1 (4) 1600i160
<1.2
<12 (1) 2.3i0.9 1600i160 2.2i1.3
<10 (1) 4.9i1.2 1700i170 2.5i1.3
<7.4 6,3i1.2 STATION NO.
NUCLIDE JULY AUGUST SEPTEHBER OCTOBER NOVEHBER DECEHBER AVERAGE
'S-MLK-1282 SS-HLK-1283 SS-HLK-6C1 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40" Cs-137 Sr 89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 1300 130
<1.2
<7. 1 1.3i0.8 1100i110
<1. 2
<5.2 8.8i1.0 1500i150 1.7i1.2
<3+7 2.8i0.7 (5)
(5)
(5) 1500i150
<1.2
<2.1 1.4i0.6 1500i150 3,8i1,3
<3.3 7.9il. 1 1300i130
<1.2
<3. 7 5.8il. 1 1600i160
<1.4
<3.4 3.0i1.0 1500i150
<1.4
<4.8
- 9. li1.5 2000i200
<1.2
<4.5 6.9i1.4 1600i160
<1.2
<4. 2 1.0i0.5 1300il30
<1.4 4.4i3.1 5.2il. 1 1500il50
<1.2
<23 (1) 5.5i1.6 1600i160
<1.4 1.7il.2 1.2io. 6 1500i150
<1.4 2.3i1.8 4.3i0.9 1700i170
<1.4 3.8i1.3 1.5i0.6 1500i320 1.9+1.9 1400i280 6.2i4.3 1600i440 4.9i3. 7
TABLE C-19 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF GAWQ EHITTERS* AND STRONTIUH-89** AND -90 IN HILK IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of PCI/1 x 2 sigma STATION NO.
NUCLIDE JANUARY FEBRUARY HARCH APRIL JUNE SS-HLK-10D1 SS-HLK-12D2 K-40 Cs'-137 Sr 89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 1500i150
<1.6
<2.7
- 6. li1.4 1900i190 2.6tl.l
<3. 1 4.8i1.4 1500i150 150 0i150
<1.2 2.241.2
<3.2
<3.0 4.5i1.4 5.5il.3
.1500i150 1.7ir.l
<7.5 7.2'.9 14001140
<1.2
<6.8 7.9 1.2 SS-HL K-5E1 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 1300i130 (6) 2.2i1.3
<3.2 3.2i1.3 1200i120
<1.4
<3.5 3.0i1.5 13001130 1.7i1.0
<2 ~ 3
,3.2il. 1 1600i160 2.211.2
<3.4
.5.8i1.0 1500i150 1.4i1.0
<6.4 4.9i1.0 STATION NO.
NUCLIDE JULY AUGUST SEPTEHBER OCTOBER NOVEHBER DECEHBER AVERAGE SS-HLK-10D1 SS-HLK-12D2 SS-HLK-5E1 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 17001170
- 1. 7il. 1 3.3i1.9 1.6i0.5 13001130
<1.2 4.6'.5 2.211.0 (5) 15001150 (7)
<1.2
<3.6 2.0il. 1 (5) 1500x150
<1.2
<6.9 2.911.9 17001170
<1.2
<3.0 2.8i0.8 1300i130
<1.2
<4.6 5.0i1.3 1300i130
<1.2
<7.2 6.2'.2 15001150
<1.2
<3.4 3.211.0 1400il40
<1.2
<4.7 4.9i1.4 1600il60
<1.4
<3.4 4.7i0.9 1400tI40
<1.4
<17 (1) 3.411.2 1400i140
<1.2 6.7i2;0 1.2iO. 7 1700i170
<1.4
<2.5 3.9i0.8 14001140
<1.2
<3.1 1.6i0.5 1400i 140
<1.4
- 3. 6il.3 1.4i0.6 1600i330 5.0'.7 1500X250 2.6il.6 1400i230 3 ~513.2
TABLE C-19 (CONT.)
CONCENTRATIONS OF GROIA EHITTERS* AND STRONTIUM-89~ AND -90 IN MILK IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/1 j 2 sigma STATION NO.
SS-MLK-13E3(8)
SS-HLK-10GI NUCLIDE'-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 JANUARY 1600j160
<1.6
~ <5.5 13j3 FEBRUARY 1500j150 3.4jl.2
<2.7 7.0j1.3 1400j140
<1.4
<3.7 6.6j1.7 APRIL 1900j190 (8) 1.5j1.0
<3.8
<2.2 1500 150 2.5jl.l
<3.8 2.3+1.5 1600 j160 2.0j1.2
<2' 3.9j0.8 1500j150 3.3jl.3 (2)
JUNE 1700j170 1.9j1.2
<7.8 4.6j1.2 1900j190
<1.2
<8. 2 7.4j1.4 STATION NO.
NUCLIDE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEHBER
. AVERAGE SS-MLK-13E3 SS-MLK-10G1 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 1500j150
<1.2
<3.5 1.5j0.6 1200j120
<1.2 2.8j1.8 1.48).5 1900j190
<1.2
<3+2 3.6j1.0 (5) 1900j190
<1.2
<4.9 2.5j1.0 1400j140
<1.2
<3.7 5.8j1.1 1500 j150
<1.2
<5,4 5.6jl.6 1500j150
<1.4
<6.1 7.6j1.8 1600j160
<1.4
<29 (1) 5.5j2.0 1400jl40 4.1j1.3
<5.3 8.2j1.3 1400 j140
<1.2
<1.7
'1.3j0.5 1400j140 3.1*1.2
<5.7 I;Bjl.o 1700j390 3.6j3.4 1500j340 6.1j7. 1 All other galena emitters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
Sr-89 results are decay corrected to the sample stop date.
No result because the sampling station was not in operation.
Sensitivity not.net due to long decay period.
Sample lost in analysis.
Station SS-MLK-6C1 was initiated on 2-29-80.
Nigh HDL due to low yield.
Sample destroyed during ashing.
Station SS-HLK-5E1 was initiated on 2-29-80.
Station SS-MLK-12D2 was initiated on 8-30-80.
Station SS-MLK-13E3 was initiated on 5-02-80.
TABLE C-20 CONCENTRATIONS OF GAt4Q EMITTERS* AND STRONTIUM-39** AND -90 IN FISH FLESH IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(wet) a 2 sigma SAMPLE DATE SAMPLE TYPE STATION NUMBER K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89
<0.008
<0.009 SS-AQF-INDICATOR 4-21-80 4.0%. 4
<0.006 White Sucker Walleye 3.4K. 3
- 0. 042iO. 007 4-21-80 Channel Catfish 4-21-80 to 4-22-80 2.8R. 3
<0.008
<0.009 3.6R.4
<0.02 9-22-80
<0.009 White Sucker Walleye 9-22-80 to 9-23-80 3.7x0,4
<0.02
<0.009 Channel Catfish 9-22-80 to 9-23-80
<0.02 3.2K.3
<0.01 3.5x0.8 3.410.3 2.9io. 3 Average 5-07-80 5-07-80 SS-AQF-2W*
White Sucker Walleye
<0.008 0.01210.007 0.011+0.007
<0.02 Channel Catfish 5-07-80 to 5-08-80 3.0a0.3
<0.009
<0.006 White Sucker
<0.02 9-18-80 3.5R.4 3.5a0.4
<0.01 Wal leye
<0.009 9-18-80
<0.02 Channel Catfish 9-18-80 to 9-19-80
<0.02 3.8t0.4
<0.01 Average 3.4R.8 All other gamna emitters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
Sr-89 results are corrected for decay to the sanple stop date.
- ~
Station code is omitted because no exact sampling locations exist; samples are taken based on availability.
<0.003
<0.004
<0.003
<0.008
<0.008
<0.009
<0.005
<0.007
<0.003
<0.009
<0.008
<0.01
TABLE C-21 CONCENTRATIONS OF GMQ EHITTERS* IN VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE VICINITY OF SUS(UEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(wet) i 2 sigma STATION NO.
SAMPLE DATE DESCRIPTION K-40 SS-FPL-556 SS-FPL-11A3 SS-FP V-11A3 SS-FPF-7B2 SS-FPH-782 SS-FPG-12B1 SS-FPF-12B1 SS-FPL-1101 SS-FPG-11D1 SS-FP V-11D1 SS-FP V-11D1 SS-FPG-1101 SS-FP V-12E3 SS-FP V-12F4 SS-FP F-12 F5 SS-FPL-2H1 SS-FPG-2H1 SS-FPV-2H1 SS-FPV-2H1 SS-FP V-2H1 8-02-80 7-31-80 7-31-80 10-03-80 12-06-80 7-29-80 10-03-80 7-29-80 7-29-80 7-29-80 7-29-80 27-80 10-25-80'-29-80 6-26-80 8-02-80 8-29-80 8-29-80 8-29-80 8-29-80 Cabbage Cabbage Tomatoes Apples Honey Corn Apples Cabbage Corn Potatoes Squash Corn Potato Chips Potatoes Strawberries Cabbage Corn Potatoes Tomatoes Squash 1.6i0.2 1.8i0.2 2.4i0.2 1.2iO. 1 1.6i0.3 2.9i0.4 0.66i0.07 2.0i0.2 2.5i0.4 4.0+0.4 2.9+0.8 2.3i0.2
- 7. 2io. 7 3.4i0.3
- 1. 3io. 1 2.1i0.2 2.9i0.3 3.7i0.4 2.9i0.3 3.5i0.4 All other garana emitters searched for were (LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
TABLE C-22 CONCENTRATIONS OF GARS+ EMITTERS IN MEAT SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(wet)
+ 2 sigma STATION NO.
SAMr LE DATE DESCRIPTION K-40 Cs-137 SS-FP E-12B1 SS-FPP-12B1 SS-FPB-1283 SS-MET-10D1 SS-FPP-10D1 7-29-80 11-07-80 8-01-80 12-06-80 12-06-80 Eggs Chicken Flesh Beef Pork Flesh Duck Flesh 1.5+0.4 2.810.3 2.0+0.4 2.8+0.3 2.6+0.3
<0.03
<0. 01 0.02%.01
<0.009
<0.01 SS-FP E-1281 SS-.FPP-12B1 SS-MET-10D1 SS-FPP-10D1 7-29-80 11-07-80 12-06-80 12-06-80 Egg Shells Chicken Bones Pork Bones Duck Bones
<0.9 5.610.6 7.2+0.7 9.5+1.0
<0.06
<0.03
<0.03
<0.06 All other gamma emitters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
TABLE C-23 CONCENTRATIONS OF GARS EMITTERS* IN GAME SAMPLES IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(wet) a 2 sigma STATION NO.
SAMPLE DATE DESCRIPTION K-40 Cs-137 Ra-226 SS-GAD-16A**
SS-GAD-16A**
12-01-80 12-01-80 Deer Flesh Deer Bones 2.9+0.2 1.8+0.2 0.03+0.01 0.016+0.009
<0.02 0.0710.02
- 'll other gamma emitters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
=Station code is omitted because no exact station exists; samples are taken based on availability.
TABLE C-24 CONCENTRATIONS OF SNMA EMITTERS* IN VEGETATION IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(wet)
+ 2 sigma STATION NO.
SAMPLE DATE DESCRIPTION K-40 Cs-137 SS-VGT-1353 SS-VGT-14S3 SS<<VGT>>15S~
8-01-80 8-01-80 8-04-80 Leafy Vegetation Acorns(1)
- 1. 1+0. 1 2.3+0.2 Skunk Cabbage
- 0. 94a0.09
<0.006
<0.005 0.22+0.02 All other gamma emitters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
Station code is omitted because no exact sampling locations exist; samples are taken based on availability.
A study was conducted in 1975 in the environs of Susquehanna SES to deter-mine the source of elevated levels of Cs-137 in squirrels.
It was concluded that the presence of Cs-137 was the result of acorn ingestion.
(Ref. 7)
TABLE C-25 CONCENTRATIONS OF SQtQ ENITTERS* IN PASTURE GRASS IN THE VICINITY OF SUSqUEHANNA SES Results in Units of pCi/g(wet) k 2 sigma STATION NO.
SAHPLE DATE DESCRIPTION Be-7 K-40 Zr-95 Nb-95 ZrNb-95 Ba-140 La-140 BaLa-140 Ce-144 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15AI SS-PAS-15AI SS-PAS-15A1 SS-PAS-15A1 1-31-80 2-29-80 3-29-80 5-02-80 5-30-80 6-28-80 8-01-80 8-30-80 9-19-80 10-03-80 10-24-80 11-07-80 SS-PAS-15A1 (1) 12-05-80 SS-PAS-BD1 (2) 12-05-80 Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass 11+1
- 4. 311. 1 3.9'.4 1.0%.3 1.4+0.6 4.7 0.5 0.6',3
'1.9'.9
<1.0 0.6%.3 5.4i0.5 4.0%.4 7.5R.9 4.4'.6 5.0%.5 3.9%.9 5.2'.5 5.5%.7 4.5%.5 5.0s0.5 4.8%.5
<0.05
<0.04 0.2620.04 0.310.03
<0.08
<0.09
<0.03
<0.02
<0.03
<0.06
<0.05
<0.03
<0.05
<0.06
<0.03
<0.03 0.7%.2 0.39%.06
<0.1
<0.2
<0.04
<0.05
<0.05
<0.6
<0.09
<0.05
<0.09
<0.08
<0.09
<0.05
<0.05
<0. 3
<0.3
<0.1
<0.08
<0. 1
<0.2
<0.1
<0.1
<0.3
<0.1
<0. 3
<0.1 0.2-0. 1
<0.1 (I)
(2)
All other gama emitters searched for were <LLD; typical LLDs are found on Table C-27.
Indicates that no LLD was calculated for that nuclide in that media.
Ru-103 was observed in this sample with a concentration of 0.25%.03 pCi/g(wet).
Ce-141 was also observed with a concentration of 0.59%.06 pCi/g(wet).
Pasture grass is sar@led from SS-PAS-8D1 during the months milk is not collected.
TABLE C>>26 RESULTS OF qUARTERLY TLD MEASUREMENTS IH THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of mrem/standard month STATION NO.
JANUARY TO MARCH APRIL TO JUHE JULY TO SEPTEMBER OCTOBER TO DECEMBER NNUAL AVERAGE SS-I DM-1S2 SS-IDH-2S2 SS-IN-2S3 SS-IBM-3S1 SS-IDH-353 SS-IN-354 SS-I DH-4S1 SS-IDH-4S3 SS-IN-5S1 SS-IDH-5S4 SS-IDH-SS7 SS-IDH-6S4 SS-I DH-7S 1 SS-I DH-7S3 SS-I DH-BS2 SS-IDM-9S 1 SS-IN-IOSI SS-IDM-11S2 SS-I DH-11S3 SS-ID% 1253 SS-IN-13S2 SS-IDM-14S2 SS-IN-15S3 SS-IDH-16S1 SS-IN-1A1 SS-IN-6A3 SS-IDH-7A1 SS-IDM-11A2 SS-I DH-15A3 SS-IN-16A2 6.61i0.59
- 6. 36i0. 39 6.06i0.23
- 5. 89io. 31 6.58j1.32 6.21i1.28 6.06j0.23
- 5. 14 j0.22 5.23 jO. 70 4.64j0.32 4.26j0.32 5.35i0.76 5.55i1.13 4.95i0.29 6.27i0.50 (1) 5.63i0.63 6.16 j0.48 (1)
(2) 5.31i0.31 (3)
(4) 4.93i0.44 6.87j0.57 (1) 5.05j0.32 6.05i0.38 6.33i0.78 (1) 16.78j0.49 (5) 6.09j0.40 10.75i1.13 (5) 6.68i0. 11 (1) 5.82j0.42 (I) 5.33j0.66 (1) 5.16i0.41 5.64i0.52 (1) 6.86j0.97 (1) 6.17i0.48 (1) 6.31j0.18 (1) 6.43i0.46 (1) 6.35j0.41 (1) 6.36i1.12 (6)
'.39j0.51 (6) 5.37i0.44 (7) 6,66i1,04 (7) 5.24j0.44 (6)
- 6. 38i1.02 5,98i0,31 5.11i0.24 5.87j0.72 5.38j0.44 5.83i1.18 (6) 6.26i0.65 6.53 j0.21 6.04j0.18 6.26i0.37
- 5. 74i0.48 6.31i0.42 5.76j0.32 6.54i0.26 5.57j0.35 6.35iO. 17 6.26i0.51 9.66j0.49 6.32i0.62 7.37i0.90 6.46i0.95
- 6. 71io. 56 6.07i0.46 5.85j0.20 6.45jO;33 7.11i0.32 6.88i0.54 6.85i0.49 7.14i0.53 7.14j0.39 6.83j0.19 6.60i0.15 6.36j0.33 5.81j0.57 6.63i0.24 5.95i0.58 6.40i0.37 5.86i1.25 6.21i0.14 5.79jl.60 5.53j0.61 6.31j0.42 5.35i1.34 6.71j0.47 5.69j1.92 6.08i1.07 6.30i0.10
- 13. 22i10.07 6.04i0,68 9.06i4.78 6.57i0.31 6.67il.26 5.70j1.05 5.51i1.07 6.05i1.15 7.00i0.35 6.53i1.00 6,58j0.76
- 6. 80i1.00
- 6. 75il. 12 6,31i1.00
- 6. 45i0.27 6.24i0.46 5.43i0.71 6.40i0.90 5.52j0.75 94
TABLE C-26 (CONT.)
RESULTS OF QUARTERLY TLD HEASUREIKNTS IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of mrem/standard month STATION NO.
JANUARY TO MARCH APRIL TO JUNE JULY TO SEPTEIQER OCTOBER TO DECEHBER ANNUAL AVERAGE SS-IBM-283 SS-IDH-783 SS-ION-881 SS-I IN-9BI SS-IDH-1082 SS-I IN-1284 SS-IBM-16BI SS-IBM-1D2 SS-I IN-3D1 SS-IDM-BD2 SS-IDM-9D1 SS-I DM-10D1 SS-IBM-1203 SS-I OH-1E1 SS-I DH-4E1 SS-IBM-5E2 SS-IBM-6EI SS-IDM-7E1 SS-IBM-11E 1 SS-I IN-12E1 SS-IOH-13E4 SS-I DM-14E1 SS-IBM-2FI SS-ID%-3FI SS-I DH-7F1 SS-I DH-12F2 SS-I OM-15F1 SS-IDH-16F1 6.40i0.53
- 7. 15i0.53 7.59 j0.57 6.93i0.41
- 7. 14i0.45 5.77j0.55 (8) 5.90i0.38 (7) 5.70i0.63 (7) 4.90j0.61 4.73j0.24 (7) 5.47j0.74 (6) 4.95j0.49 (9) 5.80j1.42 5.92i0.36 6.19j0.60 (10) 6.39j0.49 (11) 5.80i0.56 (11) 5.21i0.99 (9) 6.46j0.80 (10) 5.88jl. 12 ( 11) 6.85j0.67 (11) 4.89i0.36 (11)
- 5. 19j0.89 6.23i0.67 (9) 6.22j0.54 (9) 6.82i0.75 (9) 5.69j0.57 (9)
- 5. 76j0.27 6,37j0.41 (11) 5.32j0.35 5.73i0.58 5.26j0.62 5.54j0.93 4.53i0.78 5.64i0.38 4.62i0.44 6.35j0.31 6.74i0.36 5.53i0.88 5.40j0.12 5.80j1.30 8.82i0.77 (12) 4.82j0.26 5.11j0.31 5.60i0.38 6.29i1.37 7.35j0.72 (12) 4.6li0.33 5.91j0.68 5.56j0.26 5.15i0: 16 4.62j0.25 4.96i0.32 5.43j1.22 (13) 6.23j1.09 5.83i0.44 7.16j0.70 (12) 6.43i0.48 6.32j0.24 5.85i0.77 5.81j0.95
- 5. 71i0. 15
- 6. 15iO. 59
- 5. 48j0.01 6.54i0.29 7.81i0.17 6.49i0.61 6.37i0.41 6.18i0.41 6.52j0.72 5.97j1.02 6.21i0.56 7.02i0. 70 7.32i0.50 6.62i0.22 5.75i0.20 6.53j0.22 6.87j0.15 6.15j0.39 6.46i0.22 6.33i0.58 6.08i0.68 6.48i0.50 6.99i0.54 6.99j0.64 5.84j1.12 5.98i0.61 5.60i0.61 5.66j1.25 4.99j1.26 5.75i0.71 5.02i0.87 6.46jl.ll 7.01j1.73 6.07j0.98 6.05j1.13 5.93i0.44 7.67j3.25 5.33j1.17 6.93jl.44 6'7j1.50 6'2j1.03 6.99j1.03 5.11j1,16 6.14j1.52 6.22j1.31 5.84jl.20 5.97i2.36 5.66j1.37 5.76i0.92 6.40i1. 15 6.40j1.16 7.06j0.24 95
TABLE C-26,(CONT.)
RESULTS OF i)UARTERLY TLD NEASURENENTS IN THE VICINITY OF SUSQUEHANNA SES Results in Units of mrem/standard anth STATION NO.
JANUARY TO HARCH APRIL TO JUNE JULY TO S EPTENBER OCTOBER TO DECEHBER ANNUAL AVERAGE SS-IDH-4GI SS-IDH-7G1 SS-IDH-12GI SS-IN-I2G4 SS-I DH-3H1 SS-IDH-3H2 SS-I DH-7HI.
SS-I DH-8HI Average 5.88j0.18 4.80jO. 19 5.51 j0.48 6.34j1.41 6.01j0.57 (15) 4.54j0.41 6.47j0.33 (10) 4.23j0.30 4.'84j0.40 5.62j1.39 6.06j0.43 (14) 6.22j0.47 4.75j0.32 5.37j0.37, 6.56j0.31 (16) 6.04j0.39 (16) 3.99j0.41 5.01j0.30 6.03j3.39 6.39j0.53 6.64j0.65 5.55j0.43 6.77j0.44 7.04j0.76 6.82j0.50 4.54j0.16 5.41j0.15 6.43j1.36 Grand Average 6.23j0.47 6.29j0.64 5.18j1.28 6.20j1.47 6.80j0.68 6.43j1.10 4.39j0.71 5.19j0.64 6.10j2.35 No result because sampling station was not in operation.
1 Station began operation on 7-21-80.
2 Station was discontinued on 7-06-80 after an update of sanple locations 3
Station began operation on 7-06-80.
4 TLD lost in field, 5
High results are due to radiographic activity in the vicinity.
6 Station began operation on 6-02-80.
7 Station began operation on 6-01-80.
8 Station began operation on 5-06-80.
9 Station began operation on 4-03-80.
10 Station began operation on 4-29-80.
11 Station began operation on 4-04-80.
12 Station began operation on 9-10-80.
13 Station began operation on 7-24-80.
14 Station began operation on 7-30-80.
15 Station began operation on 4-05-80.
16 Station began operation on 7-22-80.
due to the aerial map review.
96
TABLE C-27 TYPICAL LLDs* FOR GAICQ SPEGTROHETRY SURFACE WATER NUCLIDE (P Ci/1)
WELL WATER (pci/1)
POTABLE WATER (pci/1)
AIR SEDIHENT PARTIICULATE)
PRECIPITATION (pc(/g-dry),
(10 pci/m )
(pci/1)
'HILK (pci/1)
Be-7 7.0 Na-22 1.6 K-40 16 Cr-51 24 Hn-54 1.6 Co-58 1.8 Fe-59 4.2 Co-60 1.6 Zn-65 4,9 r
Zr-95 1.4 Nb-95 1.1 Sb-125
- 1. 7 Te-129m 44 t
I-131 29 Te-132 380 I-133 190 l
Cs-134 1.6 Cs-136 10 Cs-137
- 3. I Ba-140 11 La-140 5.3 11 1.6 8.1 Ra-226
- 4. 7 BaLa-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Th-232 7.8 ZrNb-95 ( 1) 1.6 Ho-99 4600 RU-103 1.0 i
RU-106 16 Ag-110m 1.6 3.2 31 37 3.4 4.3 8.0 3.1 5.1 1.6 2700 17 1.7 64 31 260 3.2 20 1.6 20 8.5 9.8 9.3 6.6 10 1.0 1.2 2 '
1.8 1.4 1,0 0.9 2700 0.9 9.6 1.0 1.6 31 29 110 10 10 4.8 10 5.2 1.6 3.1 0,4 0.03 0.3 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.03 0,05 0.06 0.05 65 0.02 0.2 0.08 0.08 0.7 0.2 3.4 0.03 0.1 0.2 0.08 0.2 1 ~ 8 3.2 31 23 1.6 2.0 4.5 3.1 3,3 4.0 2.5 5000 2.4 16 8.3 4.7 51 4.5 260 1.6 3.1 5.5 5.2 15 3.1 7.8
<12 3.2 31 40 3.4 4.5 8.3 3.1 6.3 3.1 2800 33 3.4 100 77 110 3.2 23 3.1 12 4.7 1.6 36 1,6 2.3 8.1 1.6 5.5 1.6 14 1.5 56 190 34 1.6 42 1.6 35 8.0 3.1 6.2 97
TABLE C-27 (cont.)
TYPICAL LLDs* FOR GAHHA SPECTROHETRY FOOD PASTURE'ISH PRODUCTS HEAT HEAT GAHE GAHE VEGETATION GRASS (Flesh)
(Bones)
(Flesh)
(Bones)
NUCLIDE (pCi/g-wet)
(pCi/g-wet)
(pCi/g-wet)
(pCi/g-wet)
(pCi/g-wet)
(pCi/g-wet)
(pCi/g-wet)
(pCi/g-wet)
Be-7 0.09 0.3 0.2 0.2 Na-22 K-40 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.4 Cr 51 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.2 Hn-54 Co-58 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.02 0.02 0,02 0.03 0.1 0.1 Fe-59
- 0. 06 0.1 0.1 03 006 0.06 0.08 0.3 Co-60 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.1 Zn-65 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.2 Zr-95 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.04 Nb-95 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.04 ZrNb-95 ( 1) 0.01 '.03 0.03 0.06 Ho-99 38 12 Ru-103 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 Ru-106 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.1 '.1 Ag-110m 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.01 Sb-125
- 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.03 Te-129m
- 0. 6 1.0 1,0 2.5 1.3 1.3 1-131 4.3 0.7 3.4 2.5 Te-132 1.9 0.7 1-133 Cs-134 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.01 Cs-136 0.6 0.3 0.8 3.4 0.3 0.4 Cs-137 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.06
'klk'.02 1.8 0.2 0.02 3,0 0.1 0.02 0.9 0.006 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.04 1.0 0.1 0.1 2.4 1.7 0.6 49 0.1 0.7 0.1 Ba-140 La-140 1.3 0.6 1.5 0.7 BaLa-140 0.5 0.2 0.9 2.5 Ce-141 0.02 0.1 0.06 0.05 0.5 0.6 0.07 Ce-144 Ra-226 Th-232 I
0.07 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.06 0.3 0.1 0.08 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.1 0.2 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.3 0.2 0.3 Decay corrected to sample stop date.
The large LLDs are due to short half-life.
Indicates a positive concentration was measured in all samples analyzed.
Indicates that no LLD was calculated for that nuclide in that nedia.
Not decay corrected.
98
APPENDIX D SYNOPSIS OF ANALYTICALPROCEDURES
Total Water (AH)
GROSS ALPHA ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES A 250 ml aliquot is evaporated to dryness and transferred to a preweighed, 2" x 1/4" ringed planchet and reweighed.
The planchet is then counted in a low background gas-flow proportional counter.
Sel f-absorption corrections are made based on the measured residue weight and calculated thickness.
The calibration standard used is Pu-239.
A 250 ml sample of distilled water is evaporated in the same manner and used as a
blank.
Sediment (A9)
A 200 mg portion of finely divided sediment is slurried with water, transferred to l
a planchet and dried.
The sample is counted in a low background, gas-flow propor-tional counter.
Self absorption corrections are made on the basis of the weight of material counted.
An empty planchet is prepared with water and used as a blank.
Air Pa'rticulates (AE)
A 204 aliquot of the leached sample is evaporated to dryness on a preweighed, 2" x 1/4", ringed, stainless steel planchet and the planchet is reweighed.
The planchet is counted in a low background, gas-flow proportional counter.
Self absorption cor-rections are made on the basis of residual weight.
An unused filter paper is pre-pared in the same manner and counted as the blank.
Calculations of the results, the two sigma error and the lower limit of detection (LLD).
Result (pCi/vol or mass)
= ((S/T) - (8/t)) / (2.22 V E TF) 2 sigma error (pCi/vol or mass)
=
2 ((S/T ) + (8/t ))
/ (2.22 V
E TF)
LLD (pCi/vol or mass)
= 4.66 (8
) / (2;22 V
E TF t)
Where:
S
=
Gross counts of sample including blank 8
=
Counts of blank E
=
Fractional Pu-239 counting efficiency T
=
Number of minutes sample was counted t
=
Number of minutes blank was counted V
=
Volume of aliquot (liters, cubic meters or grams)
TF
=
Transmission factor (based on net weight of sample in counting planchet) 101
Total Water (Bg)
GROSS BETA ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES A 250 ml aliquot is evaporated to dryness and transferred to a'rewei'ghed, 2" x 1/4" ringed planchet and reweighed.
The planchet is. then counted in a low background gas-flow proportional counter.
Self-absorption corrections are made based on the measured residue weight'nd calculated thickness.
The 'calibration standard used is Sr Y-90.
A 250 ml sample of distilled water is evaporated in the same manner and used as a blank.
Calculations of the results, the two sigma error and the lower limit of detection (LLD).
Result (pCi/1)
=
((S/T) - (B/t)) / (2.22 V E TF) 2 sigma error (pCi/1)
=
2 ((S/T
) + (B/t ))
/ (2.22 V E TF)
LLD (pCi/1)
=
4.66 (B
) / (2.22 V
E TF t)
Where:
S
=
Gross counts of sample including blank B
=
Counts of blank E
=
Fractional Sr Y-90 counting efficiency T
=
Number of minutes sample was counted t
=
Number of minutes blank, was counted V
=
Sample aliquot size (liters)
TF
=
Transmission factor (based on-net weight of sample in counting planchet)
Air Particulates (BD)
After a delay of two to five days, allowing for the radon-222 and radon-220 (thoron) daughter products to decay, the filters are counted in a gas-flow proportional counter.
An unused filter paper is counted as the blank.
Calculations of the results, the two sigma error and the lower limit of detection (LLD).
Result (pCi/m )
=
((S/T) - (B/t)) / (2.22 V E) 2 sigma error (pCi/m )
=
2 ((S/T ) + (B/t ))
/ (2.22 V E)
LLD (pCi/m )
=
4.66 (B
) / (2.22 V E')
Where:
S
=
Gross counts of sample including blank B
=
Counts of blank E
=
Fractional Sr-90-Y-90 counting efficiency T
=
Number of minutes sample was counted t
=
Number of minutes blank was counted V
=
Sample aliquot size (cubic meters) 102
Water (H2)
ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FOR TRITIUM A 15 ml aliquot of the sample is vacuum distilled to eliminate dissolved gasses and non-volatile matter.
The distillate is frozen in a trap cooled with a dry ice-isop'ropanol mixture.
Eight (8) ml of the distillate are mixed with ten (10) ml of Insta-Gel liquid scintillation solution.
The sample is then counted for tritium in a liquid scintillation counter.
A sample of low tritium (< 50 pCi/1) water is vacuum distilled as a blank and is counted with each batch of samples.
'In the calculation of the result it is assumed that the condensated and original sample are of equivalent volumes.
The volume change associated with the removal of dissolved gases and non-volatile matter is not significant compared to the other errors in the analysis.
Calculations of the results, the two sigma error and the lower limit of detection (LLO).
RESULT (pCi/1)
=
((S/T) - (B/t)) / (2.22 V E) 2 SIGMA ERROR (pCi/1)
=
2 ((S/T
) + (B/t ))
/ (2.22 V E)
LLD (pCi/1)
=
4.66 (B
) / (2.22 V
E t) where:
Gross counts of sample including blank Counts of blank Fractional H-3 counting efficiency Number of minutes sample was counted Number of minutes blank was counted Sample aliquot size (liters) 103
ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FOR STROHTIUM-89 AHD -90 Total Water (SH, TP)
A two liter aliquot of sample is used.
Stable strontium carrier is added to the liquid to facilitate chemical separation of Sr-39 and -90, and to determine the strontium recovery.
Strontium concentration and purification is ultimately realized by at least two precipitations of strontium nitrate in concentrated nitric acid.
Additional iron/rare earth hydroxide precipitations and barium chromate separations are perform'd'o remove suspected interfering nuclides.
The purified strontium is converted to a carbonate for weighing and counting.
Soon after the separation, the sample is counted in a low-background gas-flow proportional counter.
After about 14 days, the sample is recounted, then Sr-89 and -90 activities are calculated on the basis of Y-90 ingrowth and Sr-89 decay.
A sample of distilled water is used as a blank.
Milk (S4, T4)
A one and half liter aliquot of milk is ashed to destroy organic material and then dissolved in concentrated mineral acid.
Stable strontium is added to the eluted liquid or dissolved ash to facilitate chemical separation of Sr-89 and -90, and to determine the strontium recovery.
Strontium concentration'nd purification is ultimately realized by at least two precipitations of strontium nitrate in concentrated nitric acid.
Additional iron/rare earth hydroxide precipitations.
and barium chromate separations are performed to remove suspected interferrin'g nuclides.
The purified strontium is converted to a carbonate for weighing and counting.
Soon after the separation, the sample is counted in a low-background gas-flow proportional counter-.
After about 14 days, the sample is recounted, then Sr-89 and -90 activities are calculated on the basis of Y-90 ingrowth and Sr-89 decay.
A sample of distilled water is used as a'blank.
Sediment (S6, T6)
Sediment samples are leached with HCl and HHO after being'ried.
Stable strontium carrier is added to facilitate chemical isola)ion of Sr-89 and -90 and for de'termi-nation of the strontium recovery in the procedure.
Strontium concentration and purification is ultimately realized by at least two precipitations of strontium nitrate in concentrated nitric acid.
Additional hydroxide precipitations and bar-ium chromate separations are performed.
The purified strontium is converted to a carbonate for weighing and counting.
Gross beta counts are made soon after'he strontium isolation and again after a 14 day interval and Sr-90 and Sr-89 activities are calculated on the basis of appropriate Sr-89 decay-and Y-90 ingrowth equations.
A sample of distilled water is used as a blank.
Organic Solids (S8, T8)
A 250 g wet portion of the sample is ashed, then dissolved in concentrated nitric or mineral acid. Stable strontium carrier is added to the dissolved sample to facil-itate chemical separation of Sr-89 and -90, and to determine the strontium recovery.
Strontium concentration and purification is ultimately realized by at least two pre-cipitations of strontium nitrate in concentrated nitric acid.
Additional iron/rare earth hydroxide precipitations and barium chromate separations were performed.
The purified strontium is converted to a carbonate for weighing and counting.
Soon after the separation, the sample is counted in a low-background gas-flow proportional counter; After about 14 days, the sample is recounted, then Sr-89 and -90 activities are calculated on the basis of Y-90 ingrowth and Sr-89 decay.
A sample of distilled water is used as a blank.
104
Air particulates (SA,TA)
Air particulate filters are leached with HCl and Hf)0.
Stable strontium carrier is added to facilitate chemical isolation of Sr-89 a3d -90 and for determination of the strontium recovery.
Strontium concentration and purification is ultimately realized by at least two precipitations of strontium nitrate in concentrated nitric acid.
Additional iron/rare earth precipitations and barium chromate separat'ions are performed to remove suspected interfering nuclides.
The purified strontium is converted to a carbonate for weighing and counting.
Gross beta counts are made soon after the strontium isolation and again after a 14 day interval and Sr-90 and Sr-89 activities are calculated on the basis of appropriate Sr-89 decay and Y-90 ingrowth equations.
Unused filter papers are used as a blank.
Calculations of the results, the two sigma errors and minimum detectable levels (MDL) for Sr-89, -90 are expressed in activity (pCi) per unit volume (liter) or mass (gram).
RESULT Sr-90
= ((Z(S1-B1) - (S2-B2)) / (2.22 K V E9 Y T)
(pCi/vol. or mass) 2 SIGMA ERROR Sr-90
= 2 (Z (Sl+Bl) + S2+B2)
/ (2.22 (K )
V E9 Y T)
(pCi/vol. or mass)
NDL Sr-90
= (-9 -6(2B2+2(S1-B1)
+ 2.25
+ Z (Sl+Bl))
/ 2 K) / (2.22 V E9 Y T)
(pCi/vol. or mass)
RESULT Sr-89
= (F(S1-Bl) + H(S2-B2)) / (2.22 V E8 Y T exp. (-;693t4/52.7))
(pCi/vol. or mass) 2 SIGMA ERROR Sr-89
= 2 (F (Sl+B1) +
H (S2+B2))
/ (2.22 V E8 Y T exp. (-.693t4/52.7)
(pCi/vol. or mass)
MDL Sr-89
= (F(X-Bl) + H(S2-B2)) / (2.22 V E8 Y T exp. (-.693t4/52.7))
(pCi/vol. or mass) where:
Sr-89(1)
Sr-89(2)
Y-90(2 S1 S2 B1 B2tl t2 t3 t4 El E2 Z
R H
Sr-89 counts on first count Sr-89 counts on second count Counts of Sr-90 Counts of Y-90 on first count Counts of Y-90 on second (after equil.)
Sr-89(l)
Sr-89(2)
Background counts in first count Background counts in second count Time in hours from separation time to Sl Time in days from separation time to S2 Time in days from Sl to S2 Time in days from sampling date to separation date 1 - exp (-.693t3/64 hours) 1 - exp (-.693t2/2.667 days) exp (-.693t3/52.7 days)
E9/EY (1 + El/R) /K 105
X E9 EY E8 Z (E1/R + 1) -
1 - (E2/R) 1 - (Z/K) - Z (E1/KR)
(-9F Bl) -9H (S2+B2)+(FB1) -2FHB1S2+2FHBlB22
+(H(S2-B2))
2 F
H (S2-B2) - 2 F
Bl - 9 F
((B2 4
F2 G)1/2 B) / (2 F2),
Counting eff. of Sr-90
=
.3590 -.*7082 X (Wt. in g of strontium carbonate)
Counting eff. of Y-90
=
.4380 -
. 1337 X (Wt. in g of strontium carbonate)
Counting eff. of Sr-89
=
.4568 -.2060 X (Wt. 'in g of strontium carbonate)
Number of minutes sample and background were counted Yield (determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry)
Sample aliquot size (liters, cubic meters or grams)-
106
ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FOR IODINE-131 Milk or Water (Ig)
The initial stable iodide concentration in milk is determined with an iodide ion specific electrode.
Thirty milligrams of stable iodide carrier is then added to four (4) liters of milk.
The iodide is removed from the milk by passage through ion-exchange resin.
The iodide is eluted from the resin with sodium hypochlorite, and purified by a series of solvent extractions with the final extraction into a toluene phase.
The toluene phase is mixed with a toluene-based liquid scintillation solution.
The sample is then counted in a beta-gated gamma coincidence detector, shielded by six inches of steel.
Distilled water is used as a blank.
The yield is calculated from stable iodide recovery based on the recovered volume.
Results are corrected for decay from the sampling time to the middle of the counting period, using a half-life value for I-131 of 8.06 days.
Air Cartridges (Il)
An iodine absorber composed of charcoal is emptied into an aluminum can (6 cms high by 8 cms in diameter) and counted with a HaI (Tl) detector, coupled to a mul ti-channel pulse height analyzer.
Calculation of results, two sigma error and the lower limit of detection (LLD).
The data are obtained by smoothing the spectrum to eliminate spurious statistical noise.
Iodine-131 is identified by fitting the spectrum to a Gaussian
- curve, and noting the net area, in counts, above the baseline projection.
The calculations of the results, the two sigma error and xhe lower limit of detection (LLD) for Iodine-131 are then expressed in activity (pCi) per unit volume (liter or cubic
- meter, depending whether the sample is either milk and water or air).
RESULT
=
((S/T) - (B/t)) / (2.22 E
V Y F)
(pCi/vol) 2 SIGMA ERROR
=
2 ((S/T ) + (B/t ))
/ (2.22 E
V Y F)
(pCi/vol)
=
4.66 (B
) / (2.22 E
V Y F t)
(pCi/vol )
where:
Net area, in counts, of sample (I-131 peak)
Net area, in counts, of background (I-131 peak)
Number of minutes sample was counted Number of minutes background was counted I-131 counting efficiency Sample aliquot size (liters. or cubic meters)
Fractional gamma abundance (specific for each emitted garma)
Chemical yield of Iodine (milk and water only) 107
GAMMA SPECTROMETRY OF SAMPLES Water (Nl)
Four liters of sample is reduced to 100 ml and sealed in a standard container and counted with a NaI(T1) detector coupled to a multi-channel pulse-height analyzer.
The counting time is 50,000 seconds.
Milk (N7)
A three liter: aliquot is dried at 175'C, ashed at 500'C until no carbon residue is present, compressed and sealed in.a standard container, and then counted with a HaI(Tl) detector, coupled to a multi-channel pulse-height analyzer.
The counting time is 50,000 seconds.
Dried Solids (N8, G8)
A large quantity of the sample is dried at a low temperature, less than 100'C.
A 100 gram aliquot (or the total sample if less than 100 grams) is taken, com-pressed to unit density, sealed in a standard container, and counted with a NaI(Tl) or Ge(Li) detector, coupled to a multi-channel pulse-height analyzer.
The counting time is 50,000 seconds.
Air Dried Solids (NA)
A large quantity of sample is air dried, compressed to a known geometry and sealed in a standard container and counted with a NaI(Tl) detector, coupled to a multi-channel pulse-height analyzer.
The counting tine is 50,000 seconds.
Air Particulate (GB)
All samples received for the month are mixed and sealed in the standard container, and counted with the high resolution Ge(Li) detector, coupled to a multi-channel pulse-height analyzer.
Calculation of results, two sigma error and the lower limit of detection (LLD).
The data are obtained by smoothing the spectrum to eliminate spurious statistical noise.
Peaks are identified by. changes in the slope of the gross spectrum.
The spectrum is fitted to a Gaussian'urve and the net area, in counts, above the baseline projection is determined.
The calculations of the results, two sigma error and the lower limit of detection (LLD) for Iodine-131 are then expressed in activity (pCi) per unit volume or mass (liters or grams).
RESULT
=
((S/T) - (B/t)) / (2.22 E
V F)
(pCi/vol. or mass) 2 SIGMA ERROR (pCi/vol. or mass) 2,((S/T
) + (B/t ))
/ (2.22 E
V F) 108
=
4.66 (.63 (g
) S)
/ (2.22 E
Y F t)
(pCi/vol. or mass) where:
Net area, in counts, of sample (Region of spectrum of interest)
Net area, in counts, of background (Region of spectrum of interest)
Number of minutes sample was counted Number of minutes background was counted Detector efficiency for energy of interest Sample aliquot size (liters, cubic meters or grams)
Fractional gamma abundance (specific for each emitted gamma)
Channel number 109
ENVIRONMENTAL DOSIMETRY (Dl)
By RMC definition, a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) is considered one end of a capillary tube containing calcium sulfate (Tm) powder as the thermolumi-nescent material.
This material was chosen for its characteristic high.light output, minimal thermally induced signal loss (fading), and negligible self-dosing.
The energy response curve has been flattened by a complex multiple element energy compensator shield supplied by Panasonic Corporation, manufac-turer of the TLD reader.
There exists four dosimeters per station sealed in a polyethylene bag to demonstrate integrity at the time of measurement, and for visualization of the sample placement instructions.
The zero dose is determined from TLDs located in the lead shield found at RMC, Philadelphia.
Following the predesignated exposure period the TLDs are placed in the TLD reader.
The reader heats the calcium sulfate (Tm) and the measured light emission (luminescence) is used to calculate the environmental radiation expos ure.
Data are normalized to standard machine conditions by correcting machine settings to designated values before readout.
Data are also corrected for
, in-transit dose using a set of TLDs kept in a lead shield in the field, exposed only during transit.
The average dose per exposure period, and its associated error is then calculated.
The Cs-137 source is used to expose TLDs as a reference sample.
An. absorbed dose in tissue is determined using the 0.955 rad/Roentgen conversion factor and dose equivalent (mrem) by using a quality factor of 1.
Calculation of results and two sigma error:
Gross TLD (i) = (TLD(i)-D0(i)) x CF (i) x CF (ins) x 0.955 mrad/mRoentgen ITD
=
NET (site 9) - (NET(RMC tI) (D(sta) /
D (RMC g)))
NET TLD(i) = gross TLD(i) - ITD n
AVG
=
((si gma NET TLD) / n)
(D(STD) /
D (EX) )
1=1 ERROR (95K CL)
=
t(n-1) (sigma NET TLD (i) / n)
(D(STD) /
D (EX))
where:
Gross TLD(i)
TLD(i)
NET TLD(i)
CF(ins)
ELS D0(i)
CF(i)
ITD NET(site)g NET(RMC)g Individual TLD reading corrected to standard instrument conditions Gross reading of dosimeter i Net dose obtained during exposure period'i~ ge field Correction factor of reader
= (6.21)
(ELS External light source Zero for dosimeter, i Calibration factor for dosimeter i In-Transit dose Mean of n dosittLters in site lead shield Mean of n dosimeters in RHC lead shield 110
D(sta)
D(Rr<C0)
AVG n
D(EX)
D(STD) t(n-1) sigma NET TLD(i)
ERROR Exposure period of station Exposure period of MICH Mean exposure per standard exposure period at a given station Number of readings Days exposed Days in standard exposure period T-distribution (student) factor for 95Ã CL Standard deviation. of n readings of NET TLD(i)
The 95/ confidence 1imit error nf AVG 111
I I
I I
APPENDIX E RESULTS OF THE EPA INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISON PROGRAM
I
INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISON PROGRAM RMC participates in the EPA radiological interlaboratory comparison'cross check) program.
This participation includes a number of analyses on various sample media as found in the Susquehanna SES REMP.
As a result of participation in the program an objective measure of analytical precision and accuracy as well as a bias estimation of RMC results is ob-tained.
Of the 140 analyses performed, 118 fell within the EPA mean and standard deviation.
Reference 15 discusses discrepancies between the data when they occurred.
Tables E-l, E-2, E-3 and E-4 summarize the results of 1900 samples as well as 1979 samples for which the EPA mean and the All Participants mean was unavailable as of the printing of the 1979 Annual Report (11).
115
017/I rec. 6/02/81 TABLE E-1 INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS GROSS ALPHA AND BETA IN WATER (pCi/liter) and AIR PARTICULATES (pCi/filter)
SAMPLE DATE RMC 0 TYPE ANALYSIS RMC-MEAN+s.d.
EPA MEAN+s.d.
All Parts cs pants MEAN+s.d.
Oct.
1979 20468 APT Nov, 1979 21865 Water
- Dec, 1979 23054 Water
- Jan, 1980 25330 Water Apr, 1980 28995 Water Apr, 1980 29254 APT Apr, 1980 30535 Water
- May, 1980 32197 Water
- July, 1980 34561 APT
- July, 1980 35623 Water
- Sept, 1980 38259 Water
- Oct, 1980 38312 APT 10+1 33+2 8+1 (1) 35+3 (1) 10+3 23+4 24+2 55+5 13+-1 25+1 17+1 56+3 80+11 128+6 20+3 15+2 28+1 50+1 (2) 33+4 43+3 32+1 25+2 24+1 15+1
~
10+5 31+5 21+5 49+5 12+5 27+5 30+8 45+5 13+5 22+5 15+5 41+5 98+25 100+5 23+5 14+5 24+6 28+5
. 36+9 38+5 32+5 21+3 24+3 10+3 ll+3 33+3 24+9 48+7 ll+3 28+4 25+8 46+7 13+5 23+5 18+4 43+17 90+32 73+17 26+7 18+4 28+5 34+5 30+10 41+7 116
818/1 rec. 6/02/81 TABLE E-1 (cont.)
INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS GROSS ALPHA AND BETA IN WATER (pCi/liter) and AIR PARTICULATES (pCi/filter)
DATE SAMPLE RMC 0 TYPE ANALYSIS RMC MEAN+s.d.
EPA MEAN+s.d.
All Participants MEAN+s.d.
- Oct, 1980 39340 Water
- Dec, 1980 42586 APT 30+2 53+1 21+2 51+2 (3) 60+5 21+5 19+5 36+10 57+11 24+5 25+5 Results are not available at this time.
(1)
The analyses were performed at a later date than the EPA intended, thus allowing decay of expected activity.
(2)
The result of the EPA intercomparison program for Gross Beta in July, RMC A'34561 Air Particulate, is not acceptable.
Thorough investigations were performed such as counter efficiency and background counts, but there were no findings.
Sample preparation at EPA was suspected because 32% of the participating laboratories were outliers.
This information was obtained, from EPA by telecon on October 7, 1980.
New equipment was introduced to prepare the cross check samples for filters in June, 1980.
This could be the reason that a high outlier rate was shown on this sample.
(3)
Beta contamination is suspected since the alpha results agree.
Sample may have been spiked twice at the EPA.
117
¹19/1 rec. 6/02/81 TABLE E-2 INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS TRITIUM IN WATER All results in pCi/liter DATE SAMPLE ANALYSIS TYPE RMC EPA MEAN+s.d.
MEAN+s.d.
All Participants MEAN+s.d.
- Oct, 1979 20368
- Dec, 1979 23541
- Feb, 1980 26747 Apr, 1980 30037 JLN, 1980 33600
- Sept, 1980 36509
- Oct, 1980 38939
- Dec, 1980 42253 Water Water Water Water Water Water
-Water Water H-3 H-3 H-3 H-3 H-3 K-3 H-3 H-3 1498+63 1560+370 2068+49 2040+347 1673+125 1750+341 3493+68 3400+360 1987+93 2000+345 1317+47 1210+329 3474+41 3200+360 2196+617 1550+213 2080+266 1781+272 3295+292 1995+190 1224+239 3132+308 118
TABLE E-3 INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISON STRONTIUH-89 AND STRONTIUM-90(
DATE RMC 0 SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSIS RHC MfAN+s.d.
EPA MEAN+s.d.
All Participants HEAN+s.d.
July 1979 8394 July 1979 8837 Food Mi 1 k Sr-89 Sr-90 Sr-89 Sr-90
<32
<24
<3 7+1. 5 8+5 3+2 5+5 ll+2 8+2 7+2 6+3 12+2
- Oct, 1979
- Nov, 1979 22473 Food Nov, 1979 22079 Mi1 k
- Jan, 1980 25196 Milk Sr-89 Sr-90 Sr-89 Sr-90 Sr-89 Sr-90 59+8 25+4 23+1 14+1 7%i 24+2 73+5 27+1.5 25+5 17+2 10+5 25+1.5 66+12 27+5 22+7 17+3 10+3 23+3 Apr, 1980 '9254 Apr, 1980 30535 APT Water Sr-90 Sr-89 Sr-90 10tl 911
<3.5 10+1. 5 4+5 0
10+2 5+3 2+1
- July, 1980
- July, 1980 34561 APT 34857 Food Aug, 1980 35906
- Milk
- May, 1980 31049 Mi1 k Sr-89 Sr-90 Sr-90 Sr-89 Sr-90 Sr-89 Sr-90 23+4(2) 10+1 8+1 120112(2) ll+2 64+7 19+2 10+5 15+1. 5 8+1. 5 94+5
. 13a1.5 55+5 17+1.5 9+4 14+2.
8+1 90+16 14+4 48+12 16+4
- Oct, 1980
- Oct, 1980
<1 2ltl
<3.7 0
6+5 0
23+5 0
5+2 2-'2 20+4 2+3 Nov, 1980 39807 Water Sr-89 Sr-90 5.3+3.2
<1.3 119
TABLE E-3 (cont.)
INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISON 1
STRONTIUM-89 AND STRONTIUM-90(
DATE RHC 8 SAMPLE ANALYSIS TYPE RMC EPA MEAN+s.d.
MEAN+s.d.
All Participants MEAN+s.d.
- Nov, 1980 40054 Food
<7.0
<3.3 8+5 0
7+1 2+1 4+3 Results not available at this time.
(2)
Data are reported in:
pCi/1 for milk and water pCi/filter for air particulate pCi/kg for food 4
Low yield or long decay period resulted in falsely high results.
120
TABLE E-4 INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS:
GAMMA Results reported in pCi/liter for milk and water, pCi/sample for air particulates, and pCi/kilograms for food products except K which is reported in mg/kilogram DATE RMC 0 SAMPLE TYPE ISOTOPE RMC MEAN+s.d.
EPA MEAN+s.d.
All Participants MEAN+s.d.
July 1979 8394 July 1979 8837 Food Milk I-131 Cs-137 Ba-140 K
<3 (1) 30+3
<1 2812+377 17+3 15+3
<6 1629+77 18+5 33+5 0
2650+130 17+5 12+5 0
1629+83 18+5 33+5 0
2780+209 18+4 13+3 0
1567+117
- Oct, 1979 20468 APT
- Nov, 1979 21865 Water
- Nov, 1979 22079 Milk
- Nov, 1979 22473 Food Mi1 k Apr, 1980 29254 APT Apr, 1980 29681 Water Apr, 1980'0535 Water Cs-137 Co-60 Cs-134 Cs-137 I-131 Cs-137 K
Cr-51 Co-80 Zn-65 Ru-106 Cs-134 Cs-137 Cs-137 I-131 Co-60 Cs-134 Cs-137 18+0 38+2 53+7
<2 632+12 52+2 1509+67 13+3 (2) 21+3
<1 1440+59
<29(l) 44+1
<29 1608+68 100+20 9+1 27+1 49t9 9+1 32+2 23+2 41+7
<5 8+1 18+1 121 12+5 33+5 56+5 0
637+32 49+5 1470+73 127+6.4 22+5 0
1511+76 0.01+1 40+5 0.01+1 1600+80 101+5 ll+5 25+5.
51+5 10a5 30+5 20+5 44+5 6+5 8+5 18+5 13+4 34i6 56+6.
13i22 620460 50+4 15152140 114+47 23+4 0
1343+119 0
41+4 142 1595+131 100+26 12+3 2727 4829 10+3 31+4 2315 43i7 8+3 1217 19i4
f23/1 rec. 6/02/81 TABLE E-4 (cont.)
INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS:
GAMA Results reported in pCi/liter for milk and water, pCi/sample for air particulates, and pCi/kilograms for food products except K which is reported in mg/kilogram-DATE RMC 0 SAMPLE TYPE ISOTOPE RMC EPA MEAN+s.d.
MEAN+s.d.
All Parti cipants MEAN+s.d.
May, 1980 31049
Cr-51 Co-60 Zn-65 Ru-106 Cs-134 Cs-137 27+3
'8+1
<13 1170+106
<27 4+1 24+3 30+1 9+1 18+1 33+5 28+5 0
1190+60 13+5 5+5 23+5 37+5 11+5 17+5 32+8 29+5 0
1250+156 21+20 6+3 24a6 35+6 ll+3 17+3
- July, 1980 34561 APT
19+1
<28 (1) 24+2
<11 3130+69 12+5 54+5 27+5 0
2660+130 14+3 61+25 29+4 0
2740+456
- Aug, 1980 35906 Mi 1 k I<<131 Cs-137 Ba-140 K
<15 (1) 36+1
<15 1567+64 0
35+5 0
1550+78 8~14 36+7 0
1566+255
- Sept, 1980 36476 Water
- Oct, 1980 39071 Water
- Oct, 1980
- 39340, Water I-131 Cr-51 Co-60 Zn-65 Ru-106 Cs-134 Cs-137 Co-60 Cs-134 Cs-137 Zn-65 36+1 88+6 17+2 2212 38+6 15+1 13+1 11+1 ll+1 21+1
<11 36+5 88+5 16+5 25+5 46+5 20+5 12+5 12+5 12+5 20+5 0
35+4 87+15 16+3 24+4 46+10 19+4 13+3 13+3 ll+3 20+4 3+6 122
f24/1 rec. 6/02/81 TABLE E-4 (cont.)
INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISON-GAMMA Results reported in pCi/liter for milk and water, pCi/sample for air particulates, and pCi/kilograms for food products except K which is reported in mg/kilogram DATE fNC ¹ SAMPLE TYPE ISOTOPE RMC EPA tKAN+s.d.
MEAN+s.d.
All Participants MEAN+s.d.
- Nov, 1980 39705 Milk Nov, 1980 40054 Food
- Dec, 1980 41536 Mater
<42 (1) 22+2
<71 1517+47 25+3 12+1
<32 2554+75 20al 22+0 18+5 21+5 0
1620+81 34+6 12+5 0
2520+120 22+6 19+5 19+7 22+4 3+2 1542+174 27+5 13+4 12+3 2515+223 21+4 24+6 Results are not available at this tine.
(1)
Sample was not analyzed within one half-life resulting in large LLD due to a
long decay period.
(2)
Sample was not analyzed within one half-life resulting in decay of iodine-131.
123
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APPENDIX F SITE SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
SITE SPECIFIC DEHOGRAPHIC DATA The Branch Technical Position (12) requires the annual collection of certain demographic data in order to determine if any changes to the REHP are necessary.
The nearest milk producer, vegetable garden over 50 square meters and residence in each sector must be determined.
Dair Animal Surve In October
- 1980, a dai'ry animal survey was performed, in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station.
The information, pertaining to the location of the nearest dairy animal (within 5 miles) is listed in Table F-1.
Since there are no changes in the location of the nearest dairy animal, no change in the REHP is necessary.
Ye etable Garden Surve In lieu of a vegetable garden survey, vegetation was collected from a garden in the sector with highest D/9 and analyzed for iodine-131.
Residence The location of the nearest residence in each sector is listed in Table F-2; 127
TABLE F-1 NEAREST DAIRY ANINL Sector 1
N 2
HNE 3
NE 4
ENE 5
E 6
ESE 7
SE 8
SSE 9
14 WNW 15 NW 16 NNW Di s tan ce Ni les
>5
>5
>5 2.7 4 5*
2el+
2.2+*
3 2+*
2.4 3 Q*
3.5 l.7*
0*
4.0 Q 9*
4.2
+
Goat farm.
Participant in Susquehanna SES Radiological Environm ntal flonitoring Program.
128
TABLE F-2 NEAREST RESIDENCE Sector 3
NE 4
EflE 5
E 6
ESE 7
SE 8
SSE 9
14 WNW 15 NW 16 NNW Distance Mi 1 es 0.6 1.0 2.3 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 Residence Stanley Thomas L.
M. Robbins Ri chard Doninetz owner:
Norman Reinhimer Harold Shul tz Edward Yanulewicz Christopher Zwolinski owner: Robert Zwolinski Dennis Kline owner: Harry Kline John Naunczek J.
D. Bower Stanley Shortz's barn Boundary line William Sink Will>am Kisner W. Johnson-H. E. Folk M. Serafin William Metzler 129
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